cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluid inclusions in veins from the Middle Devonian shales: A record of deformation conditions and fluid evolution in the Appalachian Plateau

Fluid inclusion microthermometric analysis of multiple vein sets from the Middle Devonian shales provides insight into deformation conditions and fluid evolution in the Appalachian Plateau during, and since, the Alleghanian orogeny. The data illustrate a dynamic system in which deformation conditions and fluid compositions changed continually during basin subsidence in response to orogeny and postorogenic uplift and denudation. Two types of inclusions are present in the veins: (1) hydrocarbon inclusions that contain CH4, C2H6, CO2, higher hydrocarbons (more than two carbon atoms), and bitumen and (2) two-phase aqueous inclusions that contain very saline (up to 27 wt% NaCl equivalent) NaCl-CaCl2 brines. The veins formed in response to stresses associated with the Alleghanian orogeny during subsidence of the Middle Devonian shale section in the central Plateau province. Each vein set contains inclusions of hydrocarbons that are thermally more mature than those in the previously formed set. The earliest vein set, CFJV1 (cross-fold joints and veins 1), formed during the onset of hydrocarbon generation at a depth of ∼2.3 km and contains inclusions that are composed of degraded bitumen. The next youngest vein set, CFJV2a, formed under lithostatic pore-fluid pressure conditions at a depth of at least 2.3 km and contains primary inclusions with a condensate-like composition. CFJV2b also formed under lithostatic conditions, at a depth of 3.0 km, and contains primary CH4-C2H6-CO2 inclusions. The younger CFJV3a formed at at least 3.9 km depth under lithostatic conditions and contains primary CH4-CO2 inclusions. The youngest vein set, strike-parallel SJV (strike joints and veins), formed during maximum burial, or early during uplift, of the Middle Devonian shale section. SJV, along with reopened cross-fold joints and veins, contains barite with nearly pure CH4 inclusions and two-phase aqueous inclusions. The presence of barite in all of the vein sets is a result of the breaching of the Middle Devonian shale overpressure seal in response to relaxation of Alleghanian compressive stresses and the influx of surrounding brines into the shale section. The trapping of fluids in the barite continued throughout the uplift history because of microfracturing.
Cost-Effectiveness: A Key Step in Technology Transfer

Whenever appropriate, grant applications should include an intervention cost analysis to demonstrate the “real-world” feasibility of interventions that are intended to improve upon the current standard of practice. Collecting cost information in addition to effectiveness (outcome) data leaves open the possibility of conducting a retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis at later date. The goal of the economic analysis is to demonstrate that the proposed intervention is affordable, hence a realistic real-world option, and that it is either more economically efficient than existing alternatives or that its additional costs are justified by its greater effectiveness. If the intervention is shown to be effective, virtually every policy maker who is considering adopting the intervention will want to know how to judge its affordability. The application should describe the specific aims of the economic analyses, relevant background, why the analyses are significant, the qualifications of the research team to carry out the analyses, and how – specifically, and in detail – the economic analyses will be conducted. If done correctly, an economic efficiency analysis can add appreciable value to a grant application. This chapter offers the authors’ considered guidance on the correct way to propose an economic analysis in a grant application.
The Faces on Our Educational Materials: Real Stories behind the Messages.

This article considers how cancer education research programs affect the lives of research participants in terms of their cancer screening and diagnosis experiences. Using examples from research with Latina immigrant women in rural Georgia and Quechua women in rural Andean Peru, the author explains how cervical cancer education research can produce meaningful and empowering change in women’s lives.
Nixon’s marijuana problem: youth politics and ‘law and order,’ 1968–72

AbstractWhile scholarship in carceral studies both credits and blames Richard Nixon for starting the war on drugs, this paper’s focus on youth politics and the marijuana controversy during his first term shows a more complicated story. At first, Richard Nixon’s politics of youth continued the law and order approach that had shaped his campaign in 1968. Nixon railed against the drug culture’s role in the youth revolt as he cheered his aides to “hit it hard,” opting to, “Enforce the law, you've got to scare them.” However, marijuana laws required some leniency after Kent State, when the Ohio State National Guard shot at protesters and killed four students. After Kent State, some polls showed Nixon’s approval rating as low as thirty-one percent on campuses. This problem became even more acute when the voting age fell to eighteen in 1971, allowing over fourteen million youth to vote for the first time. Through his own PR offensive, Nixon also offered an alternative political culture – “square power”– defined ...
Experimental Study of Shafting Load Distribution Based on Strain and Transfer Matrix Method

To calculate the shafting load distribution,a mechanical model for shaft alignment was set up based on strain and transfer matrix method,with which actual bearing load and elevation were calculated by measuring the section strain values,while the influence coefficients of bearing load measured by changing the bearing elevation.Results show that the actual measurements agree well with that of the theoretical calculation,proving the strain and transfer matrix method to be effective,which has many advantages such as easiness in implementation,effectiveness in modularity and strong ability in dealing with complex structures.
Bluetooth Enabled Data Collector for Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor networks (WSN) are gradually gaining attention because it is a key technology for the Internet of Things. For most of these networks, the data is usually collected in a manual way, by removing a memory unit or connecting the collector node to a personal computer. This is a constraint, because it demands the manipulation of the collector radio by the operator, which consists in a problem in practical applications. The main goal of this work is to present a non-invasive alternative way to collect the data by means of Bluetooth technology. The approach allows the development of hermetic devices, which is a desirable feature for practical deployment of the sensor nodes.
The Principle of “Borrowed Feedback” and Application to Control and Observation for Systems with Implicit State Dependent Delay

This chapter develops a general principle of “borrowed feedback” for linear systems with input delay, and in its dual form of observation with delayed measurements. This is of interest in problems where the external interaction with the system incurs a delay. We first focus on the simplest case of constant delay. This is then extended to the case where the delay may be varying. One application is the control of systems over a network. However, in this case the delay cannot be considered constant, but depends on a congestion state of the network. It is shown that if the causality constraint, which imposes an upper bound on the rate of change of the delay, does not hold the design method may fail to give consistent results.
Classification of radar jammer FM signals using a neural network

We propose an approach based on artificial Neural Networks (NN) to classify wideband radar jammer signals for more efficient use of countermeasures. A robust NN is be used to correctly differentiate Frequency-Modulated (FM) signals from bandlimited Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). We compare the performance of the NN using the samples of the power spectrum versus the autocorrelation. Prior experiments showed that frequency-domain moments of the FM signal itself are better descriptors than time-domain moments. Using simulated wideband FM radar signals, we compute a set of N autocorrelation and spectra and feed them to the NN which has ten hidden layers. For training purposes, the autocorrelations or spectra sets are divided into three groups, 75% for training, 15% for validating and 15% for testing. For the power spectra set, we observe that a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of 5dB allows the network to approach an average of 5% percent Probability of Error (PE). Training with the autocorrelation set yields comparable results. For an SNR of 5dB, the average PE reached an average of 0.3%. In both instances, the NN reaches zero percent PE at an SNR of 10dB.
Assessing Skills, Attitudes, and Knowledge in Gerontology: The Results of an Infused Curriculum Project

As the population of the United States continues to shift to unprecedented numbers of older adults, the demand for competent geriatric social workers at the Bachelor of Social Work (BSW) level will soon be at crisis point. The outcomes of a study on the impact of BSW student exposure to an infused gerontology social work curriculum on students' skills, attitudes, knowledge, and career choice to work with older adults are reported. Results indicate that students' gerontology skill level in the postcurriculum group was significantly higher than in the precurriculum group. Attitudes toward older adults, however, appeared more difficult to impact. Knowledge regarding older adults did increase in the right direction for all student groups as their exposure to the infused curriculum increased. While overall interest in working with older adults did not increase, more students in the second year of the project requested field internships with older adults. This project was conducted as part of a John A. Hartford...
Effect of NOAA satellite orbital drift on AVHRR-derived phenological metrics

Abstract The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center routinely produces and distributes a remote sensing phenology (RSP) dataset derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1-km data compiled from a series of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites (NOAA-11, −14, −16, −17, −18, and −19). Each NOAA satellite experienced orbital drift during its duty period, which influenced the AVHRR reflectance measurements. To understand the effect of the orbital drift on the AVHRR-derived RSP dataset, we analyzed the impact of solar zenith angle (SZA) on the RSP metrics in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The AVHRR weekly composites were used to calculate the growing-season median SZA at the pixel level for each year from 1989 to 2014. The results showed that the SZA increased towards the end of each NOAA satellite mission with the highest increasing rate occurring during NOAA-11 (1989–1994) and NOAA-14 (1995–2000) missions. The growing-season median SZA values (44°–60°) in 1992, 1993, 1994, 1999, and 2000 were substantially higher than those in other years (28°–40°). The high SZA in those years caused negative trends in the SZA time series, that were statistically significant (at α = 0.05 level) in 76.9% of the CONUS area. A pixel-based temporal correlation analysis showed that the phenological metrics and SZA were significantly correlated (at α = 0.05 level) in 4.1–20.4% of the CONUS area. After excluding the 5 years with high SZA (>40°) from the analysis, the temporal SZA trend was largely reduced, significantly affecting less than 2% of the study area. Additionally, significant correlation between the phenological metrics and SZA was observed in less than 7% of the study area. Our study concluded that the NOAA satellite orbital drift increased SZA, and in turn, influenced the phenological metrics. Elimination of the years with high median SZA reduced the influence of orbital drift on the RSP time series.
Low heat leak current leads for space borne magnets

Space borne magnets may be required to operate in a standby mode for long durations and the use of optimized high current leads will result in unacceptable refrigeration power which affects both system efficiency and system weight since large compressors will be required. An innovative concept of low heat leak current leads is presented. The leads consist of a single layer superconductive helical winding section connected in series to a high purity aluminum or copper section. The windings turns are thermally insulated from each other and are internally cooled by the existing helium vapor. During magnet charge the turns are actively cooled below the critical temperature to keep them superconducting. During standby operation, no winding cooling is provided causing the lead temperature at the transition point (where copper or aluminum lead is used) to rise close to room temperature. The superconducting windings have a small diameter wire and a long length causing the heat leak to be small. A closing switch is used to divert the current from the lead during standby mode. The refrigeration power using such a scheme can be reduced by two orders of magnitude.
Winning hearts & minds (!): The dilemma of foreign aid in anti-Americanism

Foreign aid is a policy tool implemented with the purpose of fostering both hard and soft power abroad. Yet, previous research has not probed the effects of US foreign aid on public attitudes toward the US in the recipient countries. In this article, I argue that US foreign aid may actually feed anti-Americanism: aid indirectly creates winners and losers in the recipient countries, such that politically discontented people may blame the US for the survival of the prevailing regime. Drawing on Pew Research for Global Attitudes and on USAID Greenbook datasets, I focus on determining both the conditions under which foreign aid exacerbates anti-Americanism and the type of aid most likely to do this. The findings reveal that political losers of the recipient countries are more likely to express negative attitudes toward the USA as the amount of US aid increases, whereas political winners enjoy the results of US aid and view the USA positively accordingly. Moreover, the effect of US aid on attitudes toward the ...
Acute Versus Delayed Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Associated Abnormalities in Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Dislocations.

Background:The delayed management of patients with shoulder instability may increase the prevalence and severity of concomitant intra-articular shoulder injuries resulting from persistent subluxati...
Blind sparse inpainting reveals cytoskeletal filaments with sub-Nyquist localization

Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM), such as stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and (fluorescence) photoactivated localization microscopy, has enabled superresolution microscopy beyond the diffraction limit. However, the temporal resolution of SMLM is limited by the time needed to acquire sufficient sparse single-molecule activation events to successfully construct a superresolution image. Here, a novel fast SMLM technique is developed to achieve superresolution imaging within a much shortened duration. This technique does not require a faster switching rate or a higher activation density, which may cause signal degradation or photodamage/bleaching, but relies on computational algorithms to reconstruct a high-density superresolution image from a low-density one using the concept of blind image inpainting. Our results demonstrate that the technique reduces the acquisition time by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the conventional method while achieving the same high resolution. We anticipate our technique to enable future real-time live cell imaging with even higher resolution.
Two-body job searches

If you and your significant other (SO) are both going to be looking for jobs at the same time, you may face challenges not encountered in single-body job searches. If you must also consider the needs of children or other relatives, the task becomes even more complex. Of course, if you are lucky, your SO is seeking the type of job that can be found almost anywhere; maybe he is a kindergarten teacher, a physician specializing in internal medicine, or an Oracle DBA. In this article, we describe some of the complications that you may experience if you are not so lucky: you have a PhD in computer science and your SO is in a hard-to-place job category, and the two of you would like to live in the same metropolitan area. We will discuss the questions of how wide a net to cast in sending out resumes, whether to mention your two-body situation up front, timing considerations, interviewing together or separately, cancelling interviews, the negotiation stage. We will consider both academic and non-academic positions, with special attention to some of the trickier points of academic job searches. In addressing these questions, we will draw on our combined personal experience of two-body job hunts as recent as 2003 and as long ago as 1987, along with information gleaned from the two-body job searches of friends and colleagues. At the end of the article, we give references for further reading.
Intergenerational Transmission of Risks for Problem Behavior

The intergenerational transmission of risk factors for problem behaviors was examined across three generations. Two hundred fifty-four 2-year-old toddlers, one or two of their parents, and one grandmother of each toddler were studied. Grandmothers and parents were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed for the male and female toddlers combined. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Findings indicate that the grandmother–parent relationship, parental personality attributes, marital harmony, and drug use and the parent–toddler relationship, predict the toddlers' behavior. The investigation provides evidence for a longitudinal, intergenerational process whereby the grandmother–parent relationship and the parents' personality and behavioral attributes are transmitted across generations through their association with the parent–child relationship.
Formation and biological targets of botanical o-quinones

Abstract The formation of o-quinones from direct 2-electron oxidation of catechols and/or two successive one electron oxidations could explain the cytotoxic/genotoxic and/or chemopreventive effects of several phenolic botanical extracts. For example, poison ivy contains urushiol, an oily mixture, which is oxidized to various o-quinones likely resulting in skin toxicity through oxidative stress and alkylation mechanisms resulting in immune responses. Green tea contains catechins which are directly oxidized to o-quinones by various oxidative enzymes. Alternatively, phenolic botanicals could be o-hydroxylated by P450 to form catechols in vivo which are oxidized to o-quinones. Examples include, resveratrol which is oxidized to piceatannol and further oxidized to the o-quinone. Finally, botanical o-quinones can be formed by O-dealkylation of O-alkoxy groups or methylenedioxy rings resulting in catechols which are further oxidized to o-quinones. Examples include safrole, eugenol, podophyllotoxin and etoposide, as well as methysticin. Once formed these o-quinones have a variety of biological targets in vivo resulting in various biological effects ranging from chemoprevention -> no effect -> toxicity. This U-shaped biological effect curve has been described for a number of reactive intermediates including o-quinones. The current review summarizes the latest data on the formation and biological targets of botanical o-quinones.
Estimating Subgroup Differences in Staffing Research When the Selection Mechanism Is Unknown: A Response to Li’s Case IV Correction

When estimating subgroup differences on incumbents, range restriction may bias estimates. Bobko, Roth, and Bobko recognized this problem and developed a Case II and Case III correction for Cohen’s ...
Cybersecurity of the Person

U.S. cybersecurity law is largely an outgrowth of the early-aughts concerns over identity theft and financial fraud. Cybersecurity laws focus on protecting identifiers such as driver’s licenses and social security numbers, and financial data such as credit card numbers. Federal and state laws require companies to protect this data and notify individuals when it is breached, and impose civil and criminal liability on hackers who steal or damage this data. In this paper, I argue that our current cybersecurity laws are too narrowly focused on financial harms. While such concerns remain valid, they are only one part of the cybersecurity challenge that our nation faces. Too often overlooked by the cybersecurity profession are the harms to individuals, such as revenge pornography and online harassment. Our legal system typically addresses these harms through retrospective criminal prosecution and civil litigation, both of which face significant limits. Accounting for such harms in our conception of cybersecurity will help to better align our laws with these threats and reduce the likelihood of the harms occurring.
Cleaning products and respiratory health effects in professional cleaners: A systematic review

Background: Professional cleaning is associated with work-related asthma. Evidence of association of cleaning with other respiratory outcomes is conflicting. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the association between exposure to cleaning agents and respiratory health effects in professional cleaners. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review (MEDLINE and EMBASE databases) including all studies evaluating the association of exposure to cleaning products with at least one respiratory health outcome in adult professional cleaners. GRADE system was used for quality appraisal. Results: We included 47 articles in the final review. Workforce-based studies showed an increased asthma risk with positive dose-response trends. Population-based studies showed positive, but weaker associations. Risk estimates were higher for self-reported than for clinically diagnosed asthma. A significant association was found for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but conflicting evidence of an association between being a cleaner and rhinitis and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was observed. No significant associations with secondary outcomes such as atopy and FeNO were found. Conclusions: Our systematic review found a positive association between occupational exposure to cleaning products and asthma and COPD risk, but inconsistent associations with rhinitis and BHR. Further studies with quantitative exposure assessment and detailed clinical phenotyping are needed to clarify underlying causal agents, and mechanisms.
Influence of betrayal trauma on borderline personality disorder traits.

ABSTRACTRecent research has linked traumatic experiences with a high degree of betrayal with symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Much of this research has operationalized BPD in term...
Advancing A Confused Subfield: A Review of Crenshaw and LaFree’s Countering Terrorism

The subfield of terrorism studies remains confused about its principal concept. Few agree on what the term means, which creates obvious problems for operationalization. Crenshaw and LaFree (2016) a...
Solutions of the Al-Salam–Chihara and allied moment problems

We study the moment problem associated with the Al-Salam–Chihara polynomials in some detail providing raising (creation) and lowering (annihilation) operators, Rodrigues formula, and a second-order...
College Students’ Intention to Volunteer for Non-profit Organizations: Does Brand Image Make a Difference?

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are still struggling to recruit volunteers. While the impact of the organizational brand image on recruitment has been investigated in for-profit organizations, ther...
Reducing inappropriate urine cultures through a culture standardization program.

Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a urine culture standardization program that included order indications and urinalysis (U/A) with reflexive culture. The program applied to all adult and pediatric inpatients at an academic medical center; emergency department and ambulatory clinic patients were excluded. Methods The analysis compared outcomes in the pre-implementation (January 2015-May 2016) and post-implementation (July 2016-September 2017) periods. The primary outcomes were urine culture and U/A orders per 1,000 patient days, catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate per 1,000 catheter days, and urine culture contamination rate per 1,000 patient days. Catheter standardized utilization ratios (SURs) were also examined. Results The intervention was associated with a significant decrease in urine culture rates by 6.9 cultures per 1,000 patient days (95% CI –4.44, –9.44; P Conclusions A urine culture standardization program led to a significant reduction in urine cultures and did not lead to an increase in U/A testing rates. CAUTI rates increased post-implementation, which may have been confounded by reduced catheter utilization.
An Intravenous Lorazepam Infusion for Dissociative Amnesia: A Case Report.

Abstract: A 20-year-old woman with no prior psychiatric and medical history presented with acute autobiographical memory loss and a psychogenic tremor. Her laboratory and imaging work-up revealed no infectious, inflammatory, or other organic etiologies. A lorazepam infusion-assisted interview successfully facilitated recovery of memories and elucidated precipitating events. We discuss the utility of drug-assisted interviews and the safety of benzodiazepine infusions for dissociative amnesia.
The Intersection of Serine Metabolism and Cellular Dysfunction in Retinal Degeneration.

In the past, the importance of serine to pathologic or physiologic anomalies was inadequately addressed. Omics research has significantly advanced in the last two decades, and metabolomic data of various tissues has finally brought serine metabolism to the forefront of metabolic research, primarily for its varied role throughout the central nervous system. The retina is one of the most complex neuronal tissues with a multitude of functions. Although recent studies have highlighted the importance of free serine and its derivatives to retinal homeostasis, currently few reviews exist that comprehensively analyze the topic. Here, we address this gap by emphasizing how and why the de novo production and demand for serine is exceptionally elevated in the retina. Many basic physiological functions of the retina require serine. Serine-derived sphingolipids and phosphatidylserine for phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuronal crosstalk of the inner retina via D-serine require proper serine metabolism. Moreover, serine is involved in sphingolipid–ceramide balance for both the outer retina and the RPE and the reductive currency generation for the RPE via serine biosynthesis. Finally and perhaps the most vital part of serine metabolism is free radical scavenging in the entire retina via serine-derived scavengers like glycine and GSH. It is hard to imagine that a single tissue could have such a broad and extensive dependency on serine homeostasis. Any dysregulation in serine mechanisms can result in a wide spectrum of retinopathies. Therefore, most critically, this review provides a strong argument for the exploration of serine-based clinical interventions for retinal pathologies.
Using high abundance proteins as guides for fast and effective peptide/protein identification from metaproteomic data

Background: A few recent large efforts significantly expanded the collection of human-associated bacterial genomes, which now contains thousands of entities including reference complete/draft genomes and metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). These genomes provide useful resource for studying the functionality of the human-associated microbiome and their relationship with human health and diseases. One application of these genomes is to provide a universal reference for database search in metaproteomic studies, when matched metagenomic/metatranscriptomic data are unavailable. However, a greater collection of reference genomes may not necessarily result in better peptide/protein identification because the increase of search space often leads to fewer spectrum-peptide matches, not to mention the drastic increase of computation time. Methods: Here, we present a new approach that uses two steps to optimize the use of the reference genomes and MAGs as the universal reference for human gut metaproteomic MS/MS data analysis. The first step is to use only the High Abundance Proteins (HAPs) (i.e., ribosomal proteins and elongation factors) for metaproteomic MS/MS database search and, based on the identification results, to derive the taxonomic composition of the underlying microbial community. The second step is to expand the search database by including all proteins from identified abundant species. We call our approach HAPiID (HAPs guided metaproteomics IDentification). Results: We tested our approach using human gut metaproteomic datasets from a previous study and compared it to the state-of-the-art reference database search method MetaPro-IQ for metaproteomic identification in studying human gut microbiota. Our results show that our two-steps method not only performed significantly faster but also was able to identify more peptides. We further demonstrated the application of HAPiID to revealing protein profiles of individual human-associated bacterial species, one or a few species at a time, using metaproteomic data. Conclusions: The HAP guided profiling approach presents a novel effective way for constructing target database for metaproteomic data analysis. The HAPiID pipeline built upon this approach provides a universal tool for analyzing human gut-associated metaproteomic data.
Protective effect of curcumin on H2O2-induced damage of precurosor oligodendrocytes

Objective To study the protective effect of curcumin on precurosor oligodendrocytes (preOLs) damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),and explore its mechanism.Methods (1) In vitro primary culture ofpreOLs was performed; and 0 (normal controls),100,250 and 500 μmol/L H2O2 were added for 30 min; the apoptosis and death of preOLs were observed by Hoechst33342/PI double staining.(2) The preOLs were divided into normal control group,model group,and 5,10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin treatment groups; cells the later three groups were given 5,10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin for one h,and the later four groups were given 100 μmol/L H2O2 for 30 min; MTT assay was,then,employed to detect the cell viability.(3) The preOLs were divided into normal control group,model group,and 10 μmol/L curcumin treatment group; the apoptosis ofpreOLs was detected by Annexin V/FITC flow cytometry; Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl2),Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9; activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by spectrophotometry.Results (1) As compared with those in the normal control group,significantly decreased number of normal healthy cells and statistically increased apoptotic and necrotic cells in the 100,250 and 500 μmol/L H2O2 treatment groups were noted (P＜0.05); 100 μmol/L H2O2 treatment group had larger number of apoptotic cells than that of necrotic cells,while 250 and 500 μmol/L H2O2 treatment groups had larger number of necrotic cells than that of apoptotic cells.(2) Cells from 5,10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin treatment groups had significantly higher preOLs viability than those from model group,and 10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin treatment groups had significantly higher preOLs viability than those from 5 μmol/L curcumin treatment group (P＜0.05).(3) As compared with the model group,the 10 μmol/L curcumin treatment group had obviously decreased apoptotic and necrotic cells,increased activities of T-SOD,GPx and CAT,increased GSH level and decreased MDA concentration,up-regulated Bcl-2 expression,and inhibited Bax,caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions,with significant differences (P＜0.05).Conclusion Curcumin has protective effect on preOLs against oxidative injury through effectively reducing lipid peroxidation,regulating Bcl-2/Bax expression and suppressing caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. Key words: Precurosor oligodendrocyte; Oxidative stress; Apoptosis; Curcumin
Empirical Antituberculosis Therapy in Advanced HIV Disease — Too Much, Too Late

Despite the extraordinary advances in treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during the past two decades, mortality, especially in resource-limited areas, remains unacceptably high. ...
Comparing formal models of IoT app coordination analysis

The rising popularity of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices has driven their increasing adoption in various settings, such as modern homes. IoT systems integrate such physical devices with third-party apps, which can coordinate in arbitrary ways. However, malicious or undesired coordination can lead to serious vulnerabilities. This paper explores two different ways, i.e., a commonly-used state-based approach and a holistic, rule-based approach, to formally model app coordination and the safety and security thereof in the context of IoT platforms. The less common rule-base approach allows for a smaller, more scalable model. We realize both modeling approaches using bounded model checking with Alloy to automatically identify potential cases where apps exhibit coordination relationships. We evaluate the effectiveness of the modeling approaches by checking a corpus of real-world IoT apps of Samsung SmartThings and IFTTT. The experimental results demonstrate that our rule-based modeling leads to a more scalable analysis.
Event-triggered equivalent-input-disturbance estimation and control for disturbance attenuation

Abstract A novel three-channel event-triggered equivalent-input-disturbance (EID) estimation approach is proposed for active exogenous disturbance rejection in linear systems. The overall system governing equations consisting of the physical plant, disturbance estimator, internal model, and event-triggering mechanisms (ETMs) are modeled as an augmented closed-loop system with multiple time-varying delays using an input delay method. Sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of the augmented closed-loop system are derived together with a procedure for co-designing the controller and state observer gains and the ETM parameters that satisfy the sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability. Numerical simulations on a DC motor system are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed design approach.
Enhancing Implementation Support for Effective School Behavioral Health

The provision of mental health services within schools has a number of associated barriers and challenges. Meaningful integration of mental health supports into school systems can help overcome these barriers and contribute to improved quality of services. Students can only benefit from these services after high-quality implementation is achieved. Implementation support can be enhanced by improving both individual-level and intervention-specific staff capacity. Enhancing school-level capacity paired with partnering with community organizations can promote a school’s ability to provide informed and effective mental health care to their students. Effective implementation is guided by interdisciplinary collaboration between school behavioral health personnel, school staff, youth-serving organizations, and families to align programs and services and improve outcomes for students. Also foundational are effective communication systems and data sharing between diverse stakeholders involved in school behavioral health programming. All of these themes addressed together can contribute to the effective implementation of school behavioral health.
Disrupting the Party: A Case Study of Ahora Madrid and Its Participatory Innovations

On June 13, 2015, Manuela Carmena—a former judge and novice politician—stood in the ornate neo-gothic surroundings of Madrid’s Cibeles Palace. As she prepared to be invested as the city’s mayor, an enthusiastic crowd outside chanted “Si se puede” (Yes we can). After less than three months of political campaigning, Ahora Madrid (Madrid Now), the electoral alliance that Carmena headed, had pulled off a seemingly impossible political feat—ending twenty-four years of rule by Spain’s main center-right party in the country’s capital.
Operational Disruption Exposure and Part Inventory Replenishment

High impact / low probability supply chain disruptions represent a major challenge for firms. Such disruptions represent a classic bottleneck shifting problem. When the firm can backlog some portion of its unmet customer orders, its disruption exposure is driven by (i) lost demand in the disruption period due to part constraints and (ii) lost demand in the recovery period due to capacity constraints. Although holding inventory has been shown to mitigate a firm's disruption exposure, it is considered costly to do so. We address this complication by showing that the firm's disruption exposure is decreasing at a decreasing rate with the inventory quantity of the disrupted part. More surprisingly, the firm's disruption exposure is decreasing at a decreasing rate with the inventory quantity of non-disrupted parts. We exploit these findings to further show that the firm can materially reduce its disruption exposure across all parts by holding a small amount of incremental inventory of selected parts. Using these insights and the detailed supply chain and operational data from our research partner, a large manufacturer of material handling equipment, we show how targeted changes to the firm's inventory policies across many parts can achieve a significant reduction in its disruption exposure, at no cost. This "strategic pool" of parts serves as a means for the firm to effectively store its otherwise unused disruption period production capacity.
Detached eddy simulations and tomographic PIV measurements of flows over surface combatant 5415 at straight-ahead and static drift conditions

Abstract A coupled experimental and computational study is performed to discuss the overall trend in surface combatant 5512 forces and moment and flow pattern with the change in hull drift angle (β) from straight-ahead (β = 0°) to static drift β = 10°–20° conditions. The local flow measurements were performed using tomographic particle image velocimetry (TPIV), which involved uncertainties ranging from β = 0° flow showed structures emanating from the sonar dome, forebody keel, and bilge keel aligned which progressed along the hull. The static drift flows showed structures emanating from the sonar dome tip, bilge keel tip, and aft body keel which advected away from the hull. The primary vortices for the static drift case were circular and showed Gaussian or bell-shaped planar distribution. The vortex strength increased with β, and decreased with progression as vortices diffused. The momentum deficit in vortex core was sustained for β = 0° due to interaction with boundary layer. Whereas for β = 10° and 20°, the deficit increased due to turbulence generation in the core because of helical instability. The TPIV measurements, for the first time, provided detailed measurements for the progression of the vortical structures and associated mean and turbulent flow characteristics for ship flows. However, they have larger uncertainties near the hull, which limits analysis of the vortex onset characteristics. Future work should focus on time resolved particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) to address these issues.
Coordinating Human-Robot Teams with Dynamic and Stochastic Task Proficiencies

As robots become ubiquitous in the workforce, it is essential that human-robot collaboration be both intuitive and adaptive. A robot’s ability to coordinate team activities improves based on its ab...
Mood Regulation and Suicidal Behavior

It seems self-evident that mood regulation processes (or deficits therein) are a key aspect of suicidal behavior—orat least it seemed so to Henry Murray. Nonetheless, much remains to be learned about the basic processes of mood regulation, how these individual differences in these processes develop, and how difficulties in mood regulation result in suicidal behavior. The model proposed in this chapter is provided as a heuristic to frame the agenda as we try to discover answers to these questions. Whether the specific hypotheses in the model ultimately receive support or not, testing them should lead to important insights into peopl’s efforts to “to stop the unbearable flow ofnegativeaffects.”
SU-E-T-07: 4DCT Robust Optimization for Esophageal Cancer Using Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy

Purpose: To develop a 4DCT robust optimization method to reduce the dosimetric impact from respiratory motion in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for esophageal cancer. Methods: Four esophageal cancer patients were selected for this study. The different phases of CT from a set of 4DCT were incorporated into the worst-case dose distribution robust optimization algorithm. 4DCT robust treatment plans were designed and compared with the conventional non-robust plans. Result doses were calculated on the average and maximum inhale/exhale phases of 4DCT. Dose volume histogram (DVH) band graphic and ΔD95%, ΔD98%, ΔD5%, ΔD2% of CTV between different phases were used to evaluate the robustness of the plans. Results: Compare to the IMPT plans optimized using conventional methods, the 4DCT robust IMPT plans can achieve the same quality in nominal cases, while yield a better robustness to breathing motion. The mean ΔD95%, ΔD98%, ΔD5% and ΔD2% of CTV are 6%, 3.2%, 0.9% and 1% for the robustly optimized plans vs. 16.2%, 11.8%, 1.6% and 3.3% from the conventional non-robust plans. Conclusion: A 4DCT robust optimization method was proposed for esophageal cancer using IMPT. We demonstrate that the 4DCT robust optimization can mitigate the dose deviation caused by the diaphragm motion.
A 0.168/spl mu/m/sup 2//0.11/spl mu/m/sup 2/ highly scalable high performance embedded DRAM cell for 90/65-nm logic applications

A high performance embedded DRAM cell has been developed in 90nm technology using a pass transistor with standard 2.2nm gate oxide and trench capacitor. This device offers 25% on-current improvement with 1.5V wordline boosted voltage, and reduces the cell size by 10%. Measured data retention of >200/spl mu/s is ideal for 200+MHz random access cycle embedded DRAM macro with a concurrent refresh mode. The scalability of the cell to 0.11 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ in 65-nm node is also demonstrated.
Energy efficient DSP systems - architecture and algorithms issues

This paper presents some insights into the architecture of one of Texas Instrument's (TI) most energy efficient digital signal processors (DSP), the TMS320C55x. It discusses key low-power architecture issues including the rationale used in making trade-offs that did not adversely affect performance while minimizing chip level power requirements. The paper also discusses some algorithm development centric issues to illustrate how algorithm level researchers can also contribute to the bottom line when it comes to decreasing power consumption of a DSP system.
Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Rigor in Dual Enrollment, Accelerated Programs, and Standard Community College Courses

This chapter presents the results of a study that investigated faculty members’ views on the level of academic rigor in three settings at one community college: dual enrollment, accelerated programs, and standard community college courses.
Extraction of group VIII metals by long chain alkyl amines—II: Cobalt(II)-hydrochloric acid systems

Abstract The extraction of Co(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions by long chain alkyl amines in various organic solvents has been studied using tracer techniques. The extraction curves obtained exhibit a maximum between 8·5 M and 10·5 M hydrochloric acid and are analogous to previously reported ion exchange resin elution curves of certain divalent metals. The effects of solvent and amine structure on the extraction of Co(II) have been investigated. Spectrophotometric studies were made on the aqueous Co(II) solutions at high hydrochloric acid concentrations and on the extracted cobalt species in the organic phase. The results of this investigation lends supports to the conclusion that the extracted cobalt species is the CoCl42− complex.
Function‐Structure Correlations in Cilia from Mammalian Respiratory Tract

The sections in this article are: 1 Distribution and General Organization of Cilia 2 Ciliogenesis 3 Axoneme 4 Ciliary Membrane 4.1 Ciliary Crown 4.2 Freeze-Fracture Studies and Membrane Organization 4.3 Ciliary Necklace 5 Sliding-Microtubule Mechanism 5.1 Geometry of Sliding 5.2 Direct Examination of Sliding 5.3 Structure and Function of the Dynein Arm 5.4 Human Dynein 6 Control of Sliding 6.1 Mutant Studies 6.2 Sliding and Switching Mechanisms 6.3 Calcium Ions and Ciliary Arrest 6.4 Membrane Control of Calcium Ion Concentration 6.5 Calmodulin 7 Ciliary Beat 8 Mucociliary Transport 8.1 Periciliary Fluid 8.2 Mucous Layer 9 Function of Metachronism 10 Factors Influencing Mucociliary Clearance 10.1 Effects of Sympathomimetic and Parasympathomimetic Drugs 10.2 Effect of Local Anesthetics 10.3 Relationship of Drug Effects to Axonemal Controls 11 Ciliary Dysfunction in Humans 11.1 Genetic and Structural Implications 12 Summary
Mineralogical controls on soil black carbon preservation

[1] Black carbon (BC) has long been considered a chemically resistant component of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, there is substantial evidence that the chemistry of most C compounds is less important for long-term storage than is physical protection (e.g., mineral sorption). We explored BC retention in grasslands that lie along a climate gradient that produces strong differences in short range order (SRO) minerals known to drive landscape-scale retention of SOC. We measured soil BC content using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and used radiocarbon dating on a subset of samples to relate BC content to long-term soil C storage. Black C concentrations in soil ranged from 0.2 to 2.9%, representing 10–30% of SOC and spanning levels found in temperate grasslands around the world. Black C concentrations were significantly correlated with SRO minerals, but the strongest single predictor of BC content was simply SOC. The ratio of BC/OC was fairly insensitive to SRO minerals, suggesting that BC responds similarly to reactive minerals as does OC. Direct links between SOC and BC retention warrant further study. We found no evidence that BC is preferentially retained relative to OC, with soil radiocarbon ages apparently driven primarily by inputs of new OC. These results indicate that physical protection may play a strong role in BC retention, and that BC cycling in soils may be more similar to OC cycling than is generally thought.