cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Effective Nonchemical Treatment for Head Lice: A Lot of Hot Air

OBJECTIVES.Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are a major irritant to children and their parents around the world. Each year millions of children are infested with head lice, a condition known as pediculosis, which is responsible for tens of millions of lost school days. Head lice have evolved resistance to many of the currently used pediculicides; therefore, an effective new treatment for head lice is needed. In this study we examined the effectiveness of several methods that use hot air to kill head lice and their eggs. METHODS.We tested 6 different treatment methods on a total of 169 infested individuals. Each method delivers hot air to the scalp in a different way. We evaluated how well these methods kill lice and their eggs in situ. We also performed follow-up inspections to evaluate whether the sixth, most successful, method can cure head louse infestations. RESULTS.All 6 methods resulted in high egg mortality (88%), but they showed more-variable success in killing hatched lice. The most successful method, which used a custom-built machine called the LouseBuster, resulted in nearly 100% mortality of eggs and 80% mortality of hatched lice. The LouseBuster was effective in killing lice and their eggs when operated at a comfortable temperature, slightly cooler than a standard blow-dryer. Virtually all subjects were cured of head lice when examined 1 week after treatment with the LouseBuster. There were no adverse effects of treatment. CONCLUSIONS.Our findings demonstrate that one 30-minute application of hot air has the potential to eradicate head lice infestations. In summary, hot air is an effective, safe treatment and one to which lice are unlikely to evolve resistance.
Translation: An Alternative Framework for Conceptualizing and Supporting School Reform Efforts.

Alison Cook-Sather begins this review essay with a discussion of David Tyack and Larry Cuban’s generative phrase “the grammar of schooling” to provide context for her examination of three texts that address the challenges of school reform: John Sylvester Lofty’s Quiet Wisdom: Teachers in the United States and England Talk About Standards, Practice, and Professionalism; Karen Hammerness’s Seeing Through Teachers’ Eyes: Professional Ideals and Classroom Practices; and Mary Kennedy’s Inside Teaching: How Classroom Life Undermines Reform. The “grammar of schooling” metaphor, according to Cook-Sather, captures what seems most fundamental and intractable about schools. Drawing on the texts under review as well as her own previous work on student voice and translation, Cook-Sather explores how bringing students into dialogue with teachers and other stakeholders might support us in translating — in the more nuanced senses of the term — the established grammar of schooling into a more flexible, responsive, and variously informed set of structures and practices that would constitute a humane educational system.
The bandwidth of consolidation into visual short-term memory depends on the visual feature

We investigated the nature of the bandwidth limit in the consolidation of visual information into visual short-term memory. In the first two experiments, we examined whether previous results showing differential consolidation bandwidth for colour and orientation resulted from methodological differences by testing the consolidation of colour information with methods used in prior orientation experiments. We briefly presented two colour patches with masks, either sequentially or simultaneously, followed by a location cue indicating the target. Participants identified the target colour via buttonpress (Experiment 1) or by clicking a location on a colour wheel (Experiment 2). Although these methods have previously demonstrated that two orientations are consolidated in a strictly serial fashion, here we found equivalent performance in the sequential and simultaneous conditions, suggesting that two colours can be consolidated in parallel. To investigate whether this difference resulted from different consolidat...
Bridging the gap between systems and software engineering

Summary form only given. Systems engineers specify how systems work and operate, and what their environments are like. This information must then be conveyed to software, especially for remote systems, where software acts as the systems engineers' surrogate. Naturally, as autonomy grows, the required alignment between the systems and software engineering increases sharply. However, there has been historically a large gulf between these two disciplines. The resulting communication problems are compounded severely, as complexity grows. This presentation explains the factors driving this issue to prominence, and then describes ways to address the issue with architecture, processes, and tools that help bridge the gap.
Computational Electromagnetics and the Search for Quiet Motors

The paper reviews the progress in understanding and modeling the noise and vibration and the stray fields produced by electric machines. In machines that are already quiet, numerical methods are necessary to find the smaller sources of vibrations or emitted electrical signals. Several examples are given for permanent magnet machines and induction motors.
An improved polling scheme for voice support in IEEE 802.11 wireless network

In this paper, we present a polling scheme, which allows for augmenting the support of voice communications in point co-ordination function (PCF) of IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. In this scheme, the access point (AP) of the basic service set (BSS) maintains two polling lists, i.e. the talking list and the silence list. Based on the talking status of the stations identified via silence detection, the two lists are dynamically adjusted by the AP. Temporary removal is applied to the stations in the silence list to further upgrade the performance. The conducted study based on simulation has shown that the proposed scheme is able to support more voice stations and has a lower packet loss rate compared to that obtained by four reference polling algorithms.
Diversity combining with imperfect channel estimation

The optimal diversity-combining technique is investigated for a multipath Rayleigh fading channel with imperfect channel state information at the receiver. Applying minimum mean-square error channel estimation, the channel state can be decomposed into the channel estimator spanned by channel observation, and the estimation error orthogonal to channel observation. The optimal combining weight is obtained from the first principle of maximum a posteriori detection, taking into consideration the imperfect channel estimation. The bit-error performance using the optimal diversity combining is derived and compared with that of the suboptimal application of maximal ratio combining. Numerical results are presented for specific channel models and estimation methods to illustrate the combined effect of channel estimation and detection on bit-error rate performance.
Optimization of Surface Preparation and Surface Passivation for GaSb Infrared Photodetectors

GaSb can be used as an efficient mid-wavelength infrared photodetector, so its improvement is an important field of study. The passivation of GaSb is not as effective as passivation of other semiconductors. We report on the use of surface treatments of Buffered Oxide Etch (BOE) and ammonium sulfide, and their effect on the quality of ZnS passivation. These treatments are compared using Capacitance-Voltage measurement of metal-insulator-semiconductors structures made from the treated GaSb.
Calculating Electronic Optical Activity of Coordination Compounds

Abstract The theory underlying calculations of electronic optical activity (circular dichroism (CD) and optical rotation (OR)) is discussed. A brief survey of computations of CD and OR for metal complexes and metal clusters using first-principles theory (specifically: time-dependent density functional theory) is provided. Emphasis is placed on the origin of the optical activity of ligand-field transitions and ligand-to-metal charge transfer excitations for complexes of the type ML3 where L is a bidentate ligand. The strong exciton coupling CD in chiral metal complexes with nonchiral ligands with π chromophores such as 1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipyridine is analyzed with the help of an exciton dipole coupling model and by comparisons of experiment and first-principles calculations.
WATER-TREEING — Ein Alterungsphänomen in kunststoffisolierten Mittelspannungskabeln

Das Water-treeing gehort gegenwartig zu den wichtigsten bekannten Alterungsphanomenen von kunststoffisolierten Mittelspannungskabeln. Water-trees treten bei gleichzeitigem Einwirken eines elektrischen Feldes und Wasser auf. Water-trees sind baumchenartige, in Richtung des Feldgradienten wachsende Strukturen, die von Storstellen in der Kabelisolierung ausgehen und eine irreversible Schadigung des Kabeldielektrikums bewirken. Der Wachstumsprozes von Water-trees ist von einer Vielzahl von Einflusfaktoren abhangig. In diesem Beitrag werden die Probleme an Hand der einzelnen Einflusparameter aufgelistet und eine Gewichtung durchfuhrt.
Retrospective utility of educational experiences: Converging research from education and judgment and decision-making

Abstract The review discusses recent findings that bridge the research traditions of achievement motivation and judgment and decision making to ask how building opportunities for students to be successful into the design of learning and assessment tasks (without making them less challenging) affects students’ memories of their experiences. The success or failure of an academic outcome matters to student motivation. But the final score is not all that students consider as they evaluate their previous academic experiences. Beyond a specific end state of an academic experience (i.e., the final score), the manner in which students acquire or demonstrate information has a potent influence on their memories and as a result, their achievement preferences and behaviors.
Suicide attempt by swallowing sponge or pica disorder: a case report

INTRODUCTION: There are many ways how children with mental illness have actually tried to hurt themselves. Suicidal thinking or attempts always indicate that professional help is needed (2). Every object which can be potential dangerous should be removed but this is very difficult to do. Some of children with these symptoms had Pica diseases. Pica is a medical disorder characterized by an appetite for substances largely non-nutritive (e.g. metal, coal, soil, feces, paper, soap, gum, etc.) or an abnormal appetite for some things that may be considered foods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patient swallow sponge from a pillow over a long period of time and she came into our hospital with abdominal pain. She was 16 years old and had abdominal distension, vomiting, abdominal cramping and failure to pass gas or stool. Immediately we suspected mechanical blockade of the intestine. Diagnosis was clinically confirmed by X-rays of the abdomen and with ultrasound. RESULTS: The operative treatment was indicated and we found the proximal bowel distended and the distal segment collapsed. The part of bowel necrosis was removed and anastomosis was done. CONCLUSION: When patients are determined to attempt suicide or have Pica disorder it is very difficult to prevent. Language: en
A hierarchical algorithm for optimal plug-in electric vehicle charging with usage constraints

We present a hierarchical offline coordination algorithm for charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs), in which PEVs aim to optimally charge their batteries, subject to usage constraints along the day. With this algorithm, each PEV adjusts its charging strategy according to the price information, which is provided by an aggregator, while usage schedule constraints are respected at every iteration. A non-anonymous version of the algorithm is able to operate under communication failures. Both versions of the algorithm are proven to converge to the set of optimal solutions of the charging problem. This solution is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the cost of the consumed energy by both PEV and non-PEV loads. The solution has a valley-filling profile, since it leads to a configuration where PEVs aim to charge at low demand hours, minimizing, if possible, load peaks that are known to degrade the performance of power systems. In order to show convergence, we present an invariance result for difference inclusions, which works under a set of assumptions where LaSalle invariance principle does not apply. The algorithm performance is demonstrated throughout simulations.
An Empirical Method for Estimating Moments of Inertia of Light Unmanned Air Vehicles.

One necessary parameter for flight dynamic analysis of any unmanned aircraft is its moment of inertia. Moment of inertia is an inherently difficult and time consuming parameter to measure. This paper presents several ways to calculate moment of inertia of unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition, it also presents the development and application of a correlation that estimates moment of inertia of a particularly configured aircraft. The correlation is designed such that only easily measured parameters are needed to estimate the moment of inertia. It is found that this correlation method mostly underestimates the moment of inertia.
Dispersion and Habitat Occupancy of the Beach Mouse, Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris

Dispersion and intragrid movements of Peromyscus polionotus were studied in coastal dune vegetation on Merritt Island, Florida, USA. Three contiguous zones of vegetation ran parallel with the beach and dune lines. Zone 1 was seaward and supported sea oats, Uniola paniculata. Zone 2 was characterized by clumps of palmetto, Serenoa repens , and sea grape, Coccoloba uvifera , and expanses of open sand. Zone 3 was interior and consisted of dense scrub dominated by palmetto, sea grape, and wax myrtle, Myrica cerifera. The ranking of the zones in terms of observed first captures was zone 1 > 3 ≥ 2, whereas for recaptures it was zone 2 > 3 > 1. A reasonable explanation for the discrepancy between the distributions of first captures and recaptures among zones was a net movement of individuals from zone 1 to zones 2 and 3. The distribution of first-captures among the zones was not significantly different during the stable, exponential, and peak phases of population growth; however, significantly ( P < 0.05) more first captures were from zone 1 during the decline phase. Average recapture density was greater in zones 2 and 3 than in zone 1 during all phases of population change. Most of the movement of animals from zone 1 to zones 2 and 3 occurred during the periods of stable low densities and exponential population growth. The overall pattern of habitat occupancy seems to have been one in which the preferred habitat (zones 2 and 3) filled first, with the marginal area (zone 1) filling more slowly and even contributing individuals to the preferred sites. At peak and declining densities, the preferred habitat no longer received individuals from the marginal area.
Reactivity, Selectivity, and Stability in Sulfenic Acid Detection: A Comparative Study of Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Probes.

The comparative reaction efficiencies of currently used nucleophilic and electrophilic probes toward cysteine sulfenic acid have been thoroughly evaluated in two different settings—(i) a small molecule dipeptide based model and (ii) a recombinant protein model. We further evaluated the stability of corresponding thioether and sulfoxide adducts under reducing conditions which are commonly encountered during proteomic protocols and in cell analysis. Powered by the development of new cyclic and linear C-nucleophiles, the unsurpassed efficiency in the capture of sulfenic acid under competitive conditions is achieved and thus holds great promise as highly potent tools for activity-based sulfenome profiling.
Champions of an Older Adult Exercise Program: Believers, Promoters, and Recruiters:

Champions, who support, market, and promote programs, are a vital part of successful program adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Enhance®Fitness (EF) is an evidence-based, community-delivered group exercise program for older adults. Using semistructured phone interviews with 20 participants, 17 instructors, and 15 staff, we explored the roles of champions in adopting, implementing, and maintaining EF at YMCA-affiliated sites. Interviews revealed EF champions play critical roles in program dissemination. Champions are outgoing, passionate, and enthusiastic about EF. They believe in the program and its benefits (believers), are "walking advertisements" (promoters), and have magnetic personalities, persuading newcomers to join (recruiters). EF champions were not purposefully selected but naturally arose during the course of program delivery. Community sites adopting evidence-based programs can foster and support champions by engaging with them, and capitalizing on their energy as an emerging resource throughout the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of programs.
PASES: combining radar and video sensing for improved pedestrian safety

Polaris Sensor Technologies reports on the development of Pedestrian Automated System for Enforcement and Safety (PASES), a radar and video based system used to monitor vehicle and pedestrian traffic with the intent of improving pedestrian safety. Data is fused from a system of multiple sensors and multiple sensor modalities to identify vehicular violations of pedestrian right of way. A focus was placed on the selection of low cost COTS sensors to make the system more widely available to state and local DOTs with limited budgets. Applications include automated enforcement, adaptive traffic control, and improved intersection and crosswalk design based on high quality data available for traffic engineering. We discuss early results with high fidelity sensors, and the performance trades made in order to make the system affordable. A discussion of the system processing architecture is included which highlights the treatment of each sensor data type, and the means of combining the processed data products into state information related to traffic incidents involving vehicles and pedestrians.
Effects of human antithrombin III on mortality and blood coagulation induced in rabbits by endotoxin.

Twenty-one rabbits were infused with 20 micrograms/kg/hr of E. coli endotoxin for 6 hr. Eight of the animals were preinjected immediately before the infusion of endotoxin, with a bolus dose of human AT III calculated to increase the antithrombin content of the plasma by about 4 units/ml. All eight animals which were preinjected with AT III survived, while 5 of the 13 control rabbits infused with endotoxin alone died. The changes in coagulation parameters from the baseline values, between the 8 control rabbits which survived and the 8 animals which were preinjected with AT III were compared. The concentration of the preinjected human AT III declined significantly faster (P: less than 0.01) than that of the native rabbit AT III. AT III prevented the decline of F.XII throughout the infusion of the endotoxin. However, the decline in F.V, fibrinogen, prothrombin and platelets was not affected (P: greater than 0.5) by the injection of AT III.
Raksha: A flexible architecture for software security

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on Raksha, a flexible architecture for software security. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the special features, system specifications, and system design of Raksha; system architecture; applications for use; security features supported; and targeted markets.
Role of protein kinase C and 72 kDa heat shock protein in ischemic tolerance following heat stress in the rat heart.

Heat stress (HS) and the subsequent expression of 72 kDa heat shock protein (HSP 72) has been shown to enhance post-ischemic functional recovery and reduce infarct size. Because the synthesis of heat shock proteins involves activation of heat shock transcription factors through phosphorylation, we hypothesized that inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) would block HS mediated protection and expression of HSP 72 in the heart. Five groups of rats were studied (1) Sham anesthetized, (2) HS group--animals were heat shocked by raising the whole body core temperature to 42 degrees C for 15 min, (3) Vehicle group--HS rats treated with 50% DMSO in saline, (4) PKC inhibitor-treated group--specific PKC antagonist, chelerythrine chloride (5 mg/kg, i.p) given 30 min prior to HS and (5) Vehicle treated control--non-HS rats treated with vehicle prior to ischemia/reperfusion. Hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia and 90 min of reperfusion 24 h after HS. Risk area was delineated by injection of 10% Evan's blue and infarct size determined using computer morphometry of tetrazolium stained sections. Infarct size (% area at risk) reduced significantly from 49.4 +/- 2.3% (n = 7) in sham to 10.0 +/- 2.5% (p < 0.01) and 9.1 +/- 3.0% in HS and vehicle treated HS groups respectively (p < 0.05) Treatment with chelerythrine prior to HS increased infarct size to 49.4 +/- 2.3% (p < 0.05). Infarct size in chelerythrine-treated non-HS ischemic/reperfused heart was 40.7 +/- 5.4%, which did not differ significantly from vehicle-treated sham group. Western blot analysis demonstrated marked increase in HSP 72 in HS groups (with or without vehicle treatment) and pretreatment with chelerythrine chloride failed to inhibit the expression of HSP 72. The results suggest that HS-induced ischemic tolerance is mediated via PKC pathway and this protection does not appear to be directly related to the expression of HSP 72 in rat heart.
Blockchain Temporality: Smart Contract Time Specifiability with Blocktime

The aims of this paper are to (1) provide a conceptual context for smart contracts, (2) argue that blockchains are a next-generation technology enabling much larger-scale and more complex computing projects, and (3) posit blocktime as a new mode of conceiving time. Blockchains are the distributed ledger technology underlying Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies; the payments layer the Internet never had; a mechanism for updating truth states in distributed network computing through consensus trust; and overall, a new form of general computational substrate. Blocktime is the time over which a certain number of blocks will have confirmed; and this creates an alternative event trajectory in time which can be offset against human-time or other computing clocktime regimes for arbitrage or complementary purposes. The result of this effort is to show that blocktime allows the contingency of future events to be more robustly orchestrated through temporality as a selectable smart contract feature.
Deriving spatial and temporal patterns of coastal marsh aggradation from hurricane storm surge marker beds

Abstract This study uses storm surge sediment beds deposited by Hurricanes Audrey (1957), Carla (1961), Rita (2005) and Ike (2008) to investigate spatial and temporal changes in marsh sedimentation on the McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge in Southeastern Texas. Fourteen sediment cores were collected along a transect extending 1230 m inland from the Gulf coast. Storm-surge-deposited sediment beds were identified by texture, organic content, carbonate content, the presence of marine microfossils and 137Cs dating. The hurricane-derived sediment beds facilitate assessment of changes in marsh sedimentation from nearshore to inland locations and over decadal to annual timescales. Spatial variation along the transect reflects varying contributions from three prevailing sediment sources: flooding, overwash and organic sedimentation from marsh plants. Over about the last decade, hurricane overwash has been the predominant sediment source for nearshore locations because of large sediment inputs from Hurricanes Rita and Ike. Farther inland, hurricane inputs diminish and sedimentation is dominated by deposition from flood waters and a larger organic component. Temporal variations in sedimentation reflect hurricane activity, changes in marsh surface elevation and degree of compaction of marsh sediments, which is time-dependent. There was little to no marsh sedimentation in the period 2008–2014, firstly because no hurricanes impacted the study area and secondly because overwash sedimentation prior to 2008 had increased nearshore marsh surface elevations by up to 0.68 m, reducing subsequent inputs from flooding. Marsh sedimentation rates were relatively high in the period 2005–2008, averaging 2.13 cm/year and possibly reflecting sediment contributions from Hurricanes Humberto and Gustav. However, these marsh sediments are highly organic and largely uncompacted. Older, deeper marsh deposits formed between 1961 and 2005 are less organic-rich, more compacted and have an average annual sedimentation rate of 0.38 cm/year, which is closely comparable to long-term sedimentation rates in similar marsh settings nearby. These results demonstrate the utility of using hurricane storm surge marker beds to investigate marsh sedimentation, provide insights into the sedimentary response of coastal marshes to hurricanes and provide useful guidance to public policy aimed at combating the effects of sea-level rise on coastal marshes along the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Castleman’s Disease Neuropathies (P3.155)

OBJECTIVE: Define the peripheral neuropathy phenotypes associated with Castlemans disease (CD). BACKGROUND: Castlemans disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by lymphoid follicle proliferation with involution of germinal centers and endothelial hyperplasia. CD can be associated with POEMS syndrome. METHODS: With IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review for patients with biopsy-proven CD evaluated between January 2003 and December 2014. Patients with associated peripheral neuropathy (PN) were identified and divided into two groups: CD with PN without POEMS (CD-PN) and CD with POEMS (CD-POEMS). A cohort of POEMS patients was used as controls. Clinical, electrophysiologic, and laboratory characteristics were collected and compared among patient subgroups. RESULTS: There were 7 patients with CD-PN, 20 with CD-POEMS and 122 with POEMS. Patients with CD-PN had the mildest neuropathy with mainly sensory symptoms, less pain and weakness, and mild distal sensory deficits (median Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS) of 7 points). Although both CD-POEMS and POEMS patients had a severe, painful, sensorimotor neuropathy, CD-POEMS patients were less affected (median NIS of 33 and 66 points respectively). The degree of severity was also reflected on electrodiagnostic testing where CD-PN patients demonstrated a mild degree of axonal loss, followed by CD-POEMS and then POEMS. Demyelinating features were present in 43[percnt] of CD-PN group, 78[percnt] of CD-POEMS and 86[percnt] of POEMS group. CD-POEMS and POEMS groups had a similar number of patients with sclerotic lesions and the associated monoclonal protein was almost always of the lambda, non-IgM subtype. CONCLUSIONS: There is a spectrum of demyelinating peripheral neuropathies associated with Castlemans disease. CD-PN is sensory predominant and is the mildest phenotype, whereas CD-POEMS is a more severe, painful, sensorimotor neuropathy. Compared to POEMS cohort, the CD-POEMS has a similar but less severe phenotype. Whether these patients respond differently to treatment deserves further study. Disclosure: Dr. Naddaf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dispenzieri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandrekar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mauermann has nothing to disclose.
German film policy’s new horizons

Beginning with a brief history of German film policy, the discussion will familiarize readers with the range of organizations and categories of people involved in the development of policy: from the Federal and regional film boards through to the new Minister of Culture Monika Grutters to production agencies and studio systems. The historical discussion offer insights into unresolved difficulties that continue to present challenges for contemporary German audio-visual production. Special attention will be paid to the effects of competition with Hollywood and technology shock, but also to the effects of the EU and the emergence of transnational filmmaking. It will examine in detail three specific challenges and the German responses: market permeability, audience appeal, and policy modelling and market integration.
Mini-Majesty: Dynasty and Succession in the Portraiture of Henry VIII and Edward VI

This chapter will focus on the dynastic portraiture of Henry VIII and his family, with a particular emphasis on the work of Hans Holbein, especially Holbein’s portrait of the future Edward VI as a toddler, painted as a New Year’s gift to Henry in 1539. Focusing on the duality of official royal portraits, in which heirs are presented not just as figures of themselves but also as precisely positioned members of a family lineage, it examines the complex relationship between parent and child as conveyed in Renaissance paintings.
Melanoma antigen-specific effector T cell cytokine secretion patterns in patients treated with ipilimumab

In a previously reported study, patients with regionally advanced melanoma were treated with neoadjuvant ipilimumab (ipi) (Tarhini in PLoS ONE 9(2): e87705, 3). Significant changes in circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), regulatory T cells (Treg) and peptide specific type I CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were noted at week 6 that correlated with clinical outcome. Characterization of antigen-specific effector T cell secreted cytokines may shed insights into ipi associated T cell activation and function. Patients were treated with neoadjuvant ipi (10 mg/kg every 3 weeks ×2) administered intravenously before and after surgery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that were collected at baseline and week 6 (after ipi) were tested here. Each sample was divided into 5 groups and stimulated with controls or shared melanoma antigen overlapping peptide pools (NY-ESO 1, gp-100, MART-1). Secreted cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were assessed using Luminex. Cytokine expression levels between the 3 antigen groups were compared using the Wilcox rank-sum test. Seventeen cytokines were differentially expressed with stimulation by each antigen at baseline (p value <0.05): IL1β, MIP1β, IL1RA, VEGF, IL13, IL17, MIP1α, GM-CSF, MCP1, IL5, IL2R, IL4, IL10, IFNγ, TNFα, IL8 and IL2. At week 6, 15 cytokines were differentially expressed (p < 0.05): IL1β, VEGF, G-CSF, HGF, IL13, IL17, GM-CSF, MCP1, IL5, IL7, IL4, IL10, IFNγ, IL8 and IL2. Patients were later clustered based on cytokine expression levels at baseline and at week 6, and recurrence free survival (RFS) was compared. Clear differences in RFS were noted based on cytokine level clustering both at baseline and at week 6: Patients whose PBMCs secreted more cytokines in response to NY-ESO-1 showed a trend towards better RFS. PBMCs of patients treated with ipi secreted significantly more cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in response to NY-ESO-1 than to gp-100 or MART-1. These cytokines belonged to different functional groups, including inflammatory, type 1, type 2 and regulatory, that warrant further study. Patients whose PBMCs secreted more cytokines (particularly in response to NY-ESO-1) tended to have better RFS, supporting further exploration in terms of therapeutic predictive value.
Characterizing Local Variability in Long‐Period Horizontal Tilt Noise

ABSTRACT Horizontal seismic data are dominated by atmospherically induced tilt noise at long periods (i.e., 30 s and greater). Tilt noise limits our ability to use horizontal data for sensitive seismological studies such as observing free earth modes. To better understand the local spatial variability of long‐period horizontal noise, we observe horizontal noise during quiet time periods in the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory (ASL) underground vault using four small‐aperture array configurations. Each array comprises eight Streckeisen STS‐2 broadband seismometers. We analyze the spectral content of the data using power spectral density and magnitude‐squared coherence ( γ 2 ‐coherence). Our results show a high degree of spatial variability and frequency dependence in the long‐period horizontal wavefield. The variable nature of long‐period horizontal noise in the ASL vault suggests that it might be highly local in nature and not easily characterized by simple physical models when overall noise levels are low, making it difficult to identify locations in the vault with lower horizontal noise. This variability could be limiting our ability to apply coherence analysis for estimating horizontal sensor self‐noise and could also complicate various indirect methods for removing long‐period horizontal noise (e.g., collocated rotational sensor or microbarograph).
Cut-Point Levels of Phosphatidylethanol to Identify Alcohol Misuse in a Mixed Cohort Including Critically Ill Patients.

Background Although alcohol misuse is associated with deleterious outcomes in critically ill patients, its detection by either self-report or examination of biomarkers is difficult to obtain consistently. Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a direct alcohol biomarker that can characterize alcohol consumption patterns; however, its diagnostic accuracy in identifying misuse in critically ill patients is unknown. Methods PEth values were obtained in a mixed cohort comprising 122 individuals from medical and burn intensive care units (n = 33), alcohol detoxification unit (n = 51), and healthy volunteers (n = 38). Any alcohol misuse and severe misuse were referenced by Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and AUDIT-C scores separately. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was performed, and the discrimination of PEth was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The area under the ROC curve for PEth was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.877, 0.977) for any misuse and 0.906 (95% CI: 0.850, 0.962) for severe misuse defined by AUDIT. By AUDIT-C, the area under the ROC curves was 0.948 (95% CI: 0.910, 0.956) for any misuse and 0.913 (95% CI: 0.856, 0.971) for severe misuse. The PEth cut-points of ≥250 and ≥400 ng/ml provided optimal discrimination for any misuse and severe misuse, respectively. The positive predictive value for ≥250 ng/ml was 88.7% (95% CI: 77.5, 95.0), and the negative predictive value was 86.7% (95% CI: 74.9, 93.7). PEth ≥ 400 ng/ml achieved similar values, and similar results were shown for AUDIT-C. In a subgroup analysis of critically ill patients only, test characteristics were similar to the mixed cohort. Conclusions PEth is a strong predictor and has good discrimination for any and severe alcohol misuse in a mixed cohort that includes critically ill patients. Cut-points at 250 ng/ml for any, and 400 ng/ml for severe, are favorable. External validation will be required to establish these cut-points in critically ill patients.
Design and Implementation of an Elective on the Ethnopharmacology of Appalachia for the PharmD Curriculum.

Objective. To create and implement a class in ethnopharmacology that would educate student pharmacists on folk medicine, including home remedies and native plants that are used as alternative medicinal sources; active components of medicinal plants including toxicity issues and the mechanism of action of beneficial compounds, such as catechins and other flavonoids; and nutraceuticals and poisonous plants.Methods. In this three-credit hour class, herbal remedies are investigated from the standpoints of medical efficacy, potential toxicities and drug interactions with prescribed medications. Class discussions are conducted on the usefulness of remedies, the attitudes of practitioners toward traditional remedy use and the risks of relying on herbal preparations. Each student prepares a 15-minute presentation on a disease state, which covers modern pharmaceuticals and herbal or folk remedy alternatives used in that disease. Special emphasis is given to drug-herb interactions.Results. The class has gained popu...
What, I′m not good enough for you? Individual differences in masculine honor beliefs and the endorsement of aggressive responses to romantic rejection

Abstract Men sometimes respond aggressively (e.g., physical aggression, vulgar name calling) to women who reject their romantic advances. We hypothesized masculine honor beliefs (i.e., beliefs that compel men to defend their reputations against threats and insults) would be positively associated with perceptions that men's aggressive responses to rejection are appropriate. Across two studies, we examined the relationship between masculine honor beliefs and perceptions of a man's aggressive responses to a woman's rejecting his attempts to initiate a romantic relationship. Consistent with hypotheses, as participants' masculine honor beliefs increased, so did their perceptions that a man's aggressive responses to the woman rejecting his attempt to initiate a relationship with her were more appropriate. Interestingly, we found higher levels of masculine honor beliefs were not associated with the perceptions that the man's aggressive responses were more appropriate when the rejection, and his consequent response, were more public. This research begins investigation into the factors that may explain why some men respond aggressively toward women who reject their advances, and suggests these antisocial responses may be rooted in the defense and maintenance of their perceived social (i.e., honor) reputations.
Selling Servitude, Captivating Consumers: Images of Bondsmen in Russian and American Advertisements, 1880–1915

After the abolition of Russian serfdom and American slavery in 1861 and 1865, respectively, businesses played an important role in molding popular attitudes about post-emancipation integration processes in Russia and the United States through visual representations of serfs, peasants, slaves, and freedpeople in advertisements. Both American and Russian companies developed parallel marketing strategies by constructing advertisements that depicted African Americans and peasants in positions of servitude, which appealed to consumers who were nostalgic for an idealized rural, pre-industrial and pre-emancipation era during an age of rapid industrialization, urbanization, and geographic expansion. But Russian and American companies also pursued divergent marketing tactics that beg further consideration. While US businesses predominantly disparaged African Americans in racialized caricatures, Russian businesses sometimes depicted peasants in positions of equality relative to other citizens. What accounts for this disparity? This article examines newspaper ads, posters, broadsides, and ephemera from collections at Russian and American archives, and argues that apart from perceived racial differences in the case of US ads, dissimilarities between Russian and American population compositions, urban migration patterns, and distinct notions of national identity also explain this important distinction.
Effect of low-cost interventions on the retention of knowledge and skills following Helping Babies Breathe training

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a post-Helping Babies Breathe bundle of interventions on the retention of provider-level knowledge and skills. METHOD The present prospective pre-post study following a 1-day Helping Babies Breathe training of professional midwives, physicians, and nurses was conducted in Cajamarca Province, Peru between January 1 and July 31, 2017. The interventions to improve retention included structured worksite practice before every shift, weekly in-service simulated scenarios, and monthly supervised peer-to-peer abbreviated refresher trainings. Knowledge and skills were assessed before, immediately after, and 6 months after training using two validated multiple-choice knowledge test and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs; OSCE A and OSCE B). Data were analyzed for changes in knowledge and skills over time and to identify predictors of performance. RESULTS There were 60 learners included. No significant differences were observed between assessments immediately after training and at 6-month follow-up for knowledge scores or time-to-effective-ventilation. Pass rates for OSCE B increased from 83% immediately after training to 95% at follow-up (P=0.007). The only factor associated with a reduced time to effective ventilation at 6-month follow-up was working in a hospital (P<0.001), accounting for years of training and experience. CONCLUSION Helping Babies Breathe knowledge and skills can be retained and even improved with simple, inexpensive interventions, including supervised on-the-job and peer-to-peer training.
How Extra-Copyright Protection of Databases Can Be Constitutional

Following the Supreme Court's 1991 Feist decision, intellectual property and Constitutional law scholars have debated whether extra-copyright protection of databases can be established by Congress under its Commerce Clause power. This article presents the problem as one of the gravitational zone of the Commerce Clause versus that of the Copyright and Patent Clause. The article reasons that the Supreme Court decisions in International News Service v. Associated Press, Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard, and the 19th century Trademark Cases all point to the possibility of limited protection of databases under the Commerce Clause. The Article also considers the constitutionality of extra-copyright protection of databases against First Amendment claims as well as pre-emption arguments against state law misappropriation protection of databases.
Promoting Civil Society Through Service Learning: A View of the Issues

There is a lot more that can, and ideally will, be gained from a college education than the knowledge and skills inculcated through the various major, minor, or elective courses offered in the curricula of colleges or universities. Most higher education institutions hope that the opportunities that students are provided during their four undergraduate years will imbue them with more than an academic education. Most colleges and universities aspire to creating successful alumni, people who will contribute positively to their own lives and to the lives of their families and communities.
Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Function

The cerebellum plays a key role in motor function by regulating the output of the neurons that give rise to descending motor pathways. The current thinking regarding the overall function of the cerebellum is that it operates as a comparator. It receives information about the output of motor centers (a measure of the intended movement), and sensory information about the actual results (from vestibular and ascending proprioceptive systems). Thus, it can compare the intended movement with the actual.
Spontaneous early first and second trimester uterine rupture following robotic-assisted myomectomy.

A uterine rupture is a rare complication during a pregnancy. However, when it does occur it is a life threatening event for both the mother and the baby. According to a recent meta-analysis by Clae...
Double-blinded randomized controlled trial to evaluate a multimedia surgical care tour in improving patient satisfaction and knowledge after functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

BACKGROUND Current delivery of patient education is done during the clinic visit, where physicians or clinic staff have limited time for each patient. One potential solution is to provide a multimedia surgical care tour delivered to patients throughout the perioperative period. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of this surgical care tour in enhancing patient knowledge and satisfaction after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHODS A total of 121 patients were enrolled and a double-blinded randomized controlled trial was initiated. Patients in the experimental group received 4 educational videos and automated reminders to take medications. The control group received a sham platform. Patients were randomized by MEDUMO software, and physicians, clinic staff, and patients were blinded. Patient satisfaction was measured by Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) Surgical Care Survey Version 2.0. Patient knowledge was graded by the blinded surgeon and clinic staff. Fischer's exact test and 2-tailed independent samples Student t test were used to compare the satisfaction and patient knowledge outcomes, respectively. RESULTS Patients in the experimental group were more likely to answer "Yes, definitely" to "Did these pictures drawings models or videos help you better understand your condition and its treatment?" (95.7% vs 74.1%, p = 0.011). The mean ± standard deviation clinic staff assessment of patient knowledge was 3.04 ± 1.05 in the control group and 3.68 ± 1.41 in the experimental group (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION A multimedia surgical care tour was developed and has promising effects on patient satisfaction and knowledge after FESS.
Diagnosing diabatic effects on the available energy of stratified flows in inertial and non-inertial frames

The concept of available energy in a stratified fluid is revisited from the point of view of non-canonical Hamiltonian systems. We show that the concept of available energy arises when we minimize the energy subject to the constraints associated with the existence of Lagrangian invariants. The non-canonical structure implies that there exists a class of dynamically equivalent Hamiltonians, related by a local (in phase space) gauge symmetry. A local diagnostic energy can be defined via the Hamiltonian density chosen imposing a specific gauge-fixing condition on the class of dynamically similar Hamiltonians. The gauge-fixing condition that we introduce selects a specific local diagnostic energy which is well suited to study the effect of diabatic processes on the evolution of the available energy. Non-inertial effects, which are notoriously elusive to capture within an energetic framework, are naturally included via conservation of potential vorticity. We apply the framework to stratified flows in inertial and non-inertial frames. For stratified Boussinesq flows, when the initial distribution of potential vorticity is even around the origin, our framework recovers the available potential energy introduced by Holliday & McIntyre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 107, 1981, pp. 221–225), and as such, depends only on the mass distribution of the flow. In rotating flows, the isopycnals of the ground state are generally not flat, and the ground state may have kinetic energy. We finally demonstrate that flows in non-inertial frames characterized by a low Rossby number ( ), the local diagnostic energy has, to lowest order in , a universal character.
Systematic Review of Intrathecal Nicardipine for the Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Intrathecal nicardipine has been shown to have some efficacy for the treatment of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We performed a PRISMA-based systematic review of intrathecal nicardipine for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A total of 825 articles were reviewed. After duplicates were removed and the search criteria was applied, 9 articles remained that were eligible for inclusion and analysis. 377 patients received a total of 6,596 injections of intrathecal nicardipine for aSAH-related cerebral vasospasm. The cumulative ventriculostomy-associated infection risk was 6%. Intrathecal nicardipine injections for aSAH-related cerebral vasospasm appears efficacious and safe. Administration of 4 mg of nicardipine every 12 hours was the most commonly reported dosing regimen. Intrathecal nicardipine decreases mean flow velocities on transcranial Doppler and reduces angiographic and clinical vasospasm. The infection risk appears to be in-line with studies in which rates of EVD-related infections have been reported.