cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AMELIA CESTOL Test: Acoustic Characteristics of Circulation Control Wing with Leading- and Trailing-Edge Slot Blowing

The AMELIA Cruise-Efficient Short Take-off and Landing (CESTOL) configuration concept was developed to meet future requirements of reduced field length, noise, and fuel burn by researchers at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo and Georgia Tech Research Institute under sponsorship by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program (FAP), Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. The novel configuration includes leading- and trailing-edge circulation control wing (CCW), over-wing podded turbine propulsion simulation (TPS). Extensive aerodynamic measurements of forces, surfaces pressures, and wing surface skin friction measurements were recently measured over a wide range of test conditions in the Arnold Engineering Development Center(AEDC) National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Ft Wind Tunnel. Acoustic measurements of the model were also acquired for each configuration with 7 fixed microphones on a line under the left wing, and with a 48-element, 40-inch diameter phased microphone array under the right wing. This presentation will discuss acoustic characteristics of the CCW system for a variety of tunnel speeds (0 to 120 kts), model configurations (leading edge(LE) and/or trailing-edge(TE) slot blowing, and orientations (incidence and yaw) based on acoustic measurements acquired concurrently with the aerodynamic measurements. The flow coefficient, Cmu= mVSLOT/qSW varied from 0 to 0.88 at 40 kts, and from 0 to 0.15 at 120 kts. Here m is the slot mass flow rate, VSLOT is the slot exit velocity, q is dynamic pressure, and SW is wing surface area. Directivities at selected 1/3 octave bands will be compared with comparable measurements of a 2-D wing at GTRI, as will as microphone array near-field measurements of the right wing at maximum flow rate. The presentation will include discussion of acoustic sensor calibrations as well as characterization of the wind tunnel background noise environment.
Long and Short Splice Variants of Human Tenascin Differentially Regulate Neurite Outgrowth

Abstract Tenascin-C has been implicated in regulation of neurite outgrowth both during development and after injury; however, its role as permissive vs inhibitory remains controversial. We report that different tenascin splice variants may have dramatically different impacts on neuronal growth. In a cell culture model, the largest and smallest splice variants (TN.L and TN.S) of human tenascin both promoted process extension when surface-bound. In contrast, soluble TN.S inhibited outgrowth, whereas soluble TN.L had no inhibitory effect. Perturbation experiments with antibodies, and outgrowth experiments with recombinant tenascin fragments, indicate that the differential properties of these molecules can be attributed to their distinctive array of FN-III repeats. Monoclonal antibodies were used to demonstrate at least two distinct neurite outgrowth promoting domains within the alternatively spliced region. These results suggest that the effect of tenascin on axon growth is a function of splice variants, as well as the form or conformation of those variants
Sculptbox: a volumetric environment for interactive design of three-dimensional objects

A volumetric computer graphics system for interactive three-dimensional object design has been designed and implemented with capabilities which are not avai1abk in traditional polygonal-based systems. These new capabilities provide the user with a sculpting-like environment. The key to the system is its ability to generate and manipulate objects of arbitrary shape and complexity in (volumetric) object space while displaying shaded projection images of the objects in (two-dimensional) image space at various orientations and in "real time" for motion parallax depth cueing. This ability is realized with a volumetric object definition and new techniques for volumetric display and interaction, such as integer-based ray tracing and multiple image buffering. System modules include: 1) the Volume Object Space Module, where the volume definition and object information is stored and accessed; 2) the Image Generation Module, which generates arbitrary two-dimensional views with depth cue information from the three-dimensional object space; 3) the Image Display Module, which handles storage of and access to the actual images displayed; 4) the Edit Module, which performs various object modification tasks; and 5) the User Interface Module, which handles user interaction. A system for interactive volumetric rendering and editing provides great flexibility and extensibility for interactive design and display of arbitrarily complex shapes.
Personality impressions from identity claims on Facebook.

Facebook profiles are routinely viewed and judged by others. We examined the categories of information that are utilized by observers and we tested the predictive validity of personality ratings based on Facebook Info pages. Raters made personality judgments of target individuals, either based on full Facebook Info pages or single categories of information (e.g., profile picture, interests, music preferences, etc.). Personality ratings for the Info pages were most highly correlated with ratings of profile pictures, followed by shared quotes and interests. Regression analyses showed that pictures and shared self-descriptive preferences independently contributed to impressions of Info pages. Stranger ratings of Info pages more strongly predicted online than everyday behavior.
Microprocessor I/sub DDQ/ testing: a case study

The author describe their incorporation of I/sub DDQ/ testing into the design of the PA-7100LC PA-RISC microprocessor. They also discuss design guidelines, measurement techniques, results after fabrication and volume production, and suggested improvement. Their 900,000-transistor custom design supports I/sub DDQ/ testing to ensure high quality without compromising 100-MHz-plus performance. >
HSP70 Promoter-Driven Activation of Gene Expression for Immunotherapy Using Gold Nanorods and Near Infrared Light

Modulation of the cytokine milieu is one approach for vaccine development. However, therapy with pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12, is limited in practice due to adverse systemic effects. Spatially-restricted gene expression circumvents this problem by enabling localized amplification. Intracellular co-delivery of gold nanorods (AuNR) and a heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) promoter-driven expression vector enables gene expression in response to near infrared (NIR) light. AuNRs absorb the light, convert it into heat and thereby stimulate photothermal expression of the cytokine. As proof-of-concept, human HeLa and murine B16 cancer cells were transfected with a HSP70-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (EGFP) plasmid and polyethylenimine (PEI)-conjugated AuNRs. Exposure to either 42 °C heat-shock or NIR light induced significant expression of the reporter gene. In vivo NIR driven expression of the reporter gene was confirmed at 6 and 24 h in mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors using in vivo imaging and flow-cytometric analysis. Overall, we demonstrate a novel opportunity for site-directed, heat-inducible expression of a gene based upon the NIR-absorbing properties of AuNRs and a HSP70 promoter-driven expression vector.
Some Attributes and Behavioral Patterns of Nations

The purpose of this communication is to make available some of the latest empirical results of the Dimensionality of Nations Project (Rummel, 1966) in as non-technical fashion as possible. The rather extensive information needed to evaluate technically and replicate these results will be fully presented elsewhere, such as Rummel, et al. (1967). The findings to be given help delineate some of the patterns in the attributes and the conflict behavior of nations, presented through a number of concise displays. The first three of these displays communicate the consequence of analyzing 1955 data on 236 characteristics of 82 nations to determine the major attribute dimensions (patterns) of variation for nations.l This analysis reduced a large mass of complex, interrelated data to a small number of distinct basic patterns. The remaining displays reveal the result of similarly analyzing 1955 data on the conflict actions of nations to define their major patterns of conflict behavior.
Lateral heterogeneity in the upper mantle beneath the Tibetan plateau and its surroundings from SS-S travel time residuals

[1] We use SS-S differential travel times to map the upper mantle structure of the Tibetan plateau and its surroundings. New observations from analog stations in the former Soviet Union help to fill in gaps in the spatial coverage of previous studies, providing new data for eastern Tibet, the Kunlun range, and the Tarim basin. The effects of crustal thickness variations, anisotropy, and global heterogeneity are evaluated and explicitly accounted for by incorporating results of previous studies and by ray tracing through a global 3D model. The resulting residuals suggest that, with the exception of the eastern part of the plateau, Tibet is underlain almost entirely by lithosphere of normal to greater than normal thickness. In general, there appear to be strong lateral gradients in wave speed between eastern and western Tibet. We find little evidence for low wave speeds under northern Tibet to the west of about 87°E. Instead, the average shear wave speeds in the upper 300 km of the mantle beneath this part of Tibet are about 0.5 km/s faster than those directly to the north beneath the Tarim basin. These results support models of Tibetan dynamics in which the lithosphere underlying northern Tibet underplates the crust as opposed to those in which large portions of this lithosphere disappear by convection, subduction, or detachment. At the same time, the dominant E-W gradient in residuals implies that 2D models inadequately explain the dynamics of all of Tibet.
Sequences of orthogonal vectors with a fixed norm

Abstract Let A = ( a ij ) be an n × m matrix with a ij ∈ K , a field of characteristic not 2, where Σ i =1 n a ij 2 = e , 1 ≤ j ≤ m , and Σ i =1 n a ij a ij ′ = 0 for j ≠ j ′. The question then is when is it possible to extend A , by adding columns, to obtain a matrix with orthogonal columns of the same norm. The question is answered for n − 7 ≤ m ≤ n as well as for more general cases. Complete solutions are given for global and local fields, the answer depending on what congruence class modulo 4 n belongs to and how few squares are needed to sum to e .
Chip Package Interaction in Ultra Low-k/Copper Interconnect Technology

In this paper a methodology based on fracture mechanics has been used to investigate the chip package interaction of ultra low-k/copper interconnect. When a wafer is diced into chips, defects can be generated at the edge of the chips. Under the thermal stress from the package the defects can propagate into the dielectric and cause the chip failure.
Optimization of resource location in hierarchical computer networks

Abstract In the future, complex computer networks will be controlled and managed using hierarchical structures. We provide an integer programming formulation of the problem, and present two approximate algorithms to solve it. One involves a simulated annealing-linear programming hybrid algorithm, and the other is a greedy second best heuristic. Computational results show that these approximate algorithms perform better than a Lagrangian relaxation of the problem.
Rural Homelessness: A Geography without a Geography.

Abstract The homeless are positioned in social space in ways which seriously challenge the production of such a space, not least of all by violating its representations of the self-sufficiently productive, propertied and privately defined individuality. To the extent that the ‘rural’ is often comprised of representations of space which are especially emphatic in their valorization of privacy, property and independence, the occasion of homelessness in rural areas — and the fact of higher proportionate incidences of homelessness there than in urban areas — puts that challenge in especially geographic terms. At least 16,000 people are homeless in Iowa, and rural areas of the state experience proportionate incidences of homelessness as much as 10 times that experienced in New York City. But Iowa's size and population density, as well as its cultural setting as an agriculturally-based (‘rural’?) state, keep the rural homeless population well hidden, obliging the rural homeless to discursively and materially relate their needs not so much to a particular place as to a placeless condition of being defined by government agencies, volunteer organisations, cultural institutions such as church groups, and not least of all academics.
The relation of potato leaf roll virus net necrosis in potato tubers to the interval between planting and inoculation

Abstract The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae , is a vector of potato leaf roll virus. Inoculated potato plants may develop tubers expressing net necrosis at harvest or in storage, which can significantly reduce the crop's commercial value. Insecticides have been traditionally used in a prophylactic manner to suppress the aphid population in the field thereby preventing inoculation and the advent of net necrosis. To analyze the rationale of such an insecticide application decision, data generated by two field experiments were used to establish an empirical relationship between the probability that a tuber will express net necrosis (NN probability) and the time after planting that inoculation occurs (inoculation interval). In contrast to past studies, the data analyzed here allow for the investigation of the impact of inoculation dates occurring over the entire growing season. This uncovers the previously unknown empirical result that NN probabilities may peak before monotonically declining in the second half of the growing season. It implies that insecticide spraying might profitably be concentrated on inoculation intervals generating peak probabilities, to ‘flatten’ the peaks to acceptable probability levels. The data also permitted a limited analysis of the systematic ways that increasing storage periods may alter the empirical relationship between NN probabilities and inoculation intervals.
Excitation functions and yields of the reactions induced by alpha-particle bombardment of natural silver

Abstract Stacked targets of natural silver were bombarded by α-particles of energies up to 26.3 MeV. The excitation functions of the 107 Ag(α,n) 110m In, 107 Ag(α,pn) 109 Cd and 109 Ag(α,2n) 111 In reactions were determined. Based on these results thick target yields were calculated. The experimental results were compared with the calculations made using the exciton model. Both are basically in agreement.
Is x-height a better indicator of legibility than type size for drug labels?

In 1999 the US Food and Drug Administration published a regulation in an attempt to ensure the legibility of OTC drugs, specifying, among other things, a minimum type size of 6 points. This is problematic because different typefaces of the same size vary widely in type heights and, presumably, legibility. We hypothesized that specifying a minimum x-height, the height of the lowercase x, would produce more consistent legibility than the minimum type size specified within the regulation. Twenty-six subjects viewed two groups of typefaces using the Lockhart Legibility Instrument to quantify legibility. The first group contained typefaces that were all 6 points, but, by nature of their design, varied greatly in their x-heights. The second group was made from the same set of typefaces, but these were manipulated so that their x-heights were equal to the average x-height of group 1. A likelihood ratio test indicated that the group that varied in x-height, group 1, produced significantly more variable results than the group with equal x-heights, group 2. This indicates that specifying a minimum type size may not be the best approach for producing consistent legibility. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slot-based persistent allocation for WiMAX systems

This paper proposes a slot-based persistent allocation scheme which allows WiMAX base stations (BSs) allocating resources to VoIP-like traffic in an efficient way. The proposed scheme firstly scans resource slots within the stream of data frames to identify an available resource slot for a persistent resource allocation. To facilitate the scanning process, the base station maintains a tree structure for each resource slot, where the tree structure contains several nodes; each of the nodes represents a certain time and periodicity of an allocation. Furthermore, two resource reallocation methods, tree swapping and tree rearrangement, are proposed to maintain the high utilization of the resource slot. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the current WiMAX persistent allocation scheme in terms of control message overheads, feedback channel overheads, and scheduling latency.
Pizza: A delivery vehicle to illustrate the role of food and non-food suppliers serving the FAFH industry

Food-away-from-home (FAFH) accounts for an increasingly large component of consumers' food expenditures. The concept of examining both food and non-food suppliers to the FAFH market is introduced as a vehicle to expand student awareness and career choice. Pizza is examined as an industry case study for this agribusiness teaching purpose. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Continuities and Changes in the Study of Friendship and Peer Groups during Early Adolescence

Studies on friendship and peer relations and peer groups during early adolescence were reviewed in order to provide a historical perspective for the research reported in this special issue. Continuities and changes in the research questions, methods, and guiding theories are delineated. Factors that influenced the growth of research on friendship and peer relations are discussed. Directions for research are suggested and the ways in which the studies reported in this special issue extend the previous work or explore new dimensions are highlighted.
Field-dependent dynamic properties of magnetorheological elastomer-based sandwich beams

Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a solid-state smart material with field-dependant dynamic shear modulus. But, its lower shear modulus, which is about 0.388MPa, does prevent its application. Sandwich configuration is an alternative to apply MRE in engineering since the outer thin skins will strengthen the bulk flexural stiffness and the transverse flexibility of the MRE core will affect the bulk flexural dynamic performance. In this paper, the field-dependant dynamic property of MRE-based sandwich beams, composed of conductive skins or non-conductive skins, is addressed theoretically through a high order model. By defining the maximum field-induced relative change of the bulk flexural dynamic stiffness as controllability index, structure designs to yield maximum controllability are presented through a non-dimensional analysis. The simulation on simply supported MRE-based sandwich beam indicates: (1) the anti-resonant frequencies and resonant frequencies of the sandwich beam change with applied magnetic fields up to 30%; (2) the bulk field-dependant flexural dynamic property is mainly depended on the field-dependant shear modulus of the MRE core; and, (3) there is an optimal combination of the thickness of the core and the thickness of the skins for maximum controllability; (4) around the optimal combination point, the controllability/mass ratio can be enhanced dramatically though decreasing the core thickness; (5) the normalized density of the skins affects the controllability slightly when the Young's modulus of the skins is low. This work indicates that sandwich structures can well utilize the controllable property of MRE to realize applicable stiffness changeable devices.
Leptophilic effective WIMPs

Effective weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) models are minimal extensions of the standard model that explain the relic density of dark matter by the ``WIMP miracle.'' In this paper we consider the phenomenology of effective WIMPs with trilinear couplings to leptons and a new ``lepton partner'' particle. The observed relic abundance fixes the strength of the cubic coupling, so the parameters of the models are defined by the masses of the WIMP and lepton partner particles. This gives a simple parameter space where collider and direct detection experiments can be compared under well-defined physical minimality assumptions. The most sensitive collider probe is the search for $\text{leptons}+\mathrm{MET}$, while the most sensitive direct detection channel is scattering from nuclei arising from loop diagrams. Collider and direct detection searches are highly complementary: colliders give the only meaningful constraint when dark matter is its own antiparticle, while direct detection is generally more sensitive if the dark matter is not its own antiparticle.
Changing orientations in psychopathology.

(1950). Changing Orientations in Psychopathology. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 109-131.
Serviceability of earthquake-damaged water systems: Effects of electrical power availability and power backup systems on system vulnerability

Civil infrastructure systems, such as water, electrical power, natural gas, and transportation systems, are essential to the smooth functioning of modern society. Because of their inter-connected nature, once one infrastructure system is damaged by an earthquake or other natural hazard, other infrastructure systems may malfunction as well. A number of previous studies have assessed vulnerability of infrastructure systems to earthquakes, but seldom have failures due to infrastructure system interactions been considered. In its assessment of the earthquake-induced damage of a municipal water system, this paper includes the impact of damage to the supporting electrical power system using a fault tree analysis and a shortest-path algorithm. The effect of uncertainty of seismic intensity and component fragility on network integrity is evaluated. A case study involving a simple model of the electrical power system and water system in Shelby County, TN, which includes the city of Memphis, demonstrates the importance of taking infrastructure interactions into account when evaluating the seismic vulnerability and risk to a networked system, as well as the utility of back-up power systems in electric power facilities.
Dental surgery in anticoagulated patients—stop the interruption

In a literature review, the incidence and morbidity of bleeding complications after dental surgery in anticoagulated patients was compared with embolic complications when anticoagulation was interrupted. Over 99% of anticoagulated patients had no postoperative bleeding that required more than local hemostatic measures. Of more than 5431 patients undergoing more than 11,381 surgical procedures, with many patients at higher than present therapeutic intenational normalized ratio (INR) levels, only 31 (∼0.6% of patients) required more than local hemostasis to control the hemorrhage; none died due to hemorrhage. Among at least 2673 patients whose warfarin dose was reduced or withdrawn for at least 2775 visits for dental procedures, there were 22 embolic complications (0.8% of cessations), including 6 fatal events (0.2% of cessations). The embolic morbidity risk in patients whose anticoagulation is interrupted for dental surgery exceeds that of significant bleeding complications in patients whose anticoagulation is continued, even when surgery is extensive. Warfarin anticoagulation, therefore, should not be interrupted for most dental surgery.
Physico-chemical analyses and corrosion effect of produced water on low carbon steel

The corrosion effect of produced water on low carbon has been investigated using the weight loss technique. The composite produced water sample was found to contain pH (5.3), turbidity (82 NTU), conductivity (8920 Ns/cm), salinity (2394 mg/L), total iron (1.28 mg/L), carbonate (140 mg/L), nitrate (42.74 mg/L) and suphate (nil mg/L). At an exposure time in hours of 120, 240, 360, 480, 600, and 720, the corresponding calculated corrosion rates in many of the coupons were 0.077, 0.153, 0.204, 0.345, 0.352, and 0.370 respectively. Physico-chemical characteristics of the composite produced water sample used for the study has a higher concentration compared with DPR standard for discharge of produced formation water into surface environment. It was assumed that the corrosion of the coupons was due to presence of high chemical matters in the produced water sample. Keywords : corrosion, produced water, environment, rock, salinity, dissolved oxygen. Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol. 11(4)2005: 511-515
Empirical estimation of agglomeration economies associated with research facilities

This research employs a new technique to estimate agglomeration economies, which are omitted from standard Input-Output (I-O) models. The overall economic impact of an economic entity includes the direct and indirect impacts as well as the agglomeration economies. I-O analysis is employed to assess the direct and indirect economic impacts of a research facility. The overall economic impact is estimated by employing a demographic projection model that estimates employment, population, and income in the region without the facility's contribution to the economic landscape. The difference between the overall economic impact and the direct and indirect impacts are attributed to the agglomeration effects of the facility. The findings indicate that agglomeration economies are significant part of the overall economic impact.
RELATIVISTIC CORRECTION TO THE EQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF A DENSE ELECTRON GAS.

The grand partition function for a degenerate electron gas with relativistic corrections of order ${(\frac{v}{c})}^{2}$ in ring approximation is given. The technique used is the method of Montroll and Ward; in this problem independent field degrees of freedom are not required. The correlation energy, which represents a generalization of the Gell-Mann-Brueckner result, is obtained. Comparison with the field-theoretic results of Akhiezer and Peletminskii is made, with the same results. However, in view of the absence of independent field degrees of freedom in our treatment, renormalization is not required here (to obtain their result Akhiezer and Peletminskii must resort to charge, mass, and vacuum renormalization).
Commit protocols for externalized-commit heterogeneous database systems

In designing a heterogeneous database systems, one of the main technical challenges is developing techniques for ensuring global commit. That is, guaranteeing that a transaction spanning multiple individual database management systems (DBMSs) either commits at all the participating DBMSs or at none of them. Previous work in this area typically assumes that the participating DBMSs do not provide a mechanism for interacting with their commit facilities. While this is true in many cases, in practice there are systems which support a programmatic interface to their commit protocols. We refer to database systems offering such facilities asexternalized commit DBMSs.
Solar irradiance variability during the October 2003 solar storm period

[1] The extraordinary solar storms between 18 October 2003 and 5 November 2003 include over 140 flares, primarily from two different large sunspot groups. There were 11 large X-class flares during this period, including an X17 flare on 28 October 2003 and an X28 flare on 4 November 2003. The X28 flare is the largest flare since GOES began its solar X-ray measurements in 1976. The solar (full-disk) irradiance during these flares was observed by the instruments aboard the NASA Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) spacecraft and the NASA Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics, and Dynamics (TIMED) spacecraft. The total solar irradiance (TSI) dropped by unprecedented 0.34% during this period due to the dark, large sunspots. In addition, the TSI increased by 270 ppm during the X17 (4B optical) flare on 28 October, the first definitive measurement of a TSI flare event. The ultraviolet (UV) variations for this X17 flare range from a factor of about 50 shortward of 10 nm to about 10% for the Mg II 280 nm emission. One interesting result for the UV flare variations is that the broad wings of the H I Lyman-α (121.6 nm) emission increased by more than a factor of 2 during the X17 flare while the core of the Lyman-α emission only increased by 20%. Another interesting result is the time profile of the Si III 120.6 nm emission, which shows a sharp 1-minute long increase by a factor of 17 during the impulsive phase.
Estrogen and visual hallucinations in a patient with Charles Bonnet syndrome

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe the occurrence of visual hallucinations in a patient with Charles Bonnet syndrome associated with estrogen intake. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: An 84-year-old woman with poor visual acuity secondary to bilateral, nonexudative, age-related macular degeneration had nonthreatening visual hallucinations 2 weeks after starting oral estrogen for osteoporosis. The estrogen was stopped, and the hallucinations subsided. The patient was given estrogen twice more and each time the hallucinations recurred. CONCLUSION: We report a case of Charles Bonnet syndrome associated with estrogen intake in an 84-year-old woman. Estrogen may have promoted release phenomena and triggered the hallucinatory episodes in our patient.
Parental adaptations to maternal employment.

Research on maternal employment has been undertaken primarily from the vantage point of its more or less immediate impact on child behavior and socialization. In many studies, social class and family stability variables were found more intimately related to facets of child development than maternal employment per se. Maternal employment, however, has been positively correlated with school achievement and intellectual attainment, with increased dependency, and with problems of sexual identity (Poznanski et al., 1970). Little has yet been done to explicate the processes and mechanisms which account for these findings. This deficiency is, in part, attributable to the kind of questions which have been asked about maternal employment and to the methods by which investigators have attempted to answer them. Most studies of maternal employment have used techniques of data gathering (e.g., questionnaires) that facilitate the inclusion of large numbers of subjects. These methods have the virtue of producing results that are measurably reliable, broadly descriptive, and normative in nature, but they are not well adapted to exploring issues of mechanism and process. While the search for correlations between maternal employment and aspects of the child's personality development is important, it is, by itself, a narrow and incomplete approach. After all, one cannot be certain that any of the relations mentioned above reflect simple causal factors unless one has also considered more complex relationships. One possible indirect relationship between maternal
Smoking cessation services and smoke-free policies at substance abuse treatment facilities: national survey results.

Objective:The high prevalence of cigarette smoking among substance-abusing patients has raised concern. This study assessed the prevalence of and factors related to smoking cessation services and smoke-free policies in substance abuse treatment facilities in the United States.Methods:Facility-level data were obtained from the 2012 National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N=13,094). Multivariate logistic regressions were used to examine institutional- and state-level factors associated with use of smoking cessation services and smoking bans.Results:Of all facilities, 46.8% offered behavioral counseling or pharmacotherapy services for smoking cessation, and 35.2% banned smoking on the property. Programs were more likely to offer smoking cessation services and to ban smoking if they had the following characteristics: they offered inpatient services, accepted government insurance, were licensed by state mental health departments, or were located in metropolitan areas, states with comprehensive s...
Peptide-Guided Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Probes for Localized Cell Composition Analysis

The ability to control the localization of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticle probes in bacterial cells is critical to the development of analytical techniques that can nondestructively determine cell composition and phenotype. Here, selective localization of SERS probes was achieved at the outer bacterial membrane by using silver nanoparticles functionalized with synthetic hydrophobic peptides.
The creative reconstruction of the Internet: Google and the privatization of cyberspace and DigiPlace

The Internet has often been portrayed as the ultimate leveler of information where existing hierarchies of power and privilege are undermined by meritocracy. Some websites and functions are, however, more equal than others. In particular, search engines such as Google have been a key means to construct meaning out of disorder. This ordering (or enclosing of the Internet commons), however, comes at a cost as a location within the top 10 Google search results, marks the boundary (albeit a fluid one) between the core and the periphery of the Internet. The recent incorporation of spatial elements into the Google indexing raises fresh and geographically relevant concerns. This article focuses on the construction, access and use of Google derived rankings to deploy geo-referenced information in the physical environment and the way this melding of code and place affects how people interact with place. Using the theoretical concept of DigiPlace this article analyzes how Google Maps and Google Earth are structured and shape what appears (and what does not) in cyberspace and DigiPlace. Of particular concern are the implications of a private corporation controlling this new space.
Network Ethnography and the Hypermedia Organization: New Media, New Organizations, New Methods

Social scientists are increasingly interested in innovative organizational forms made possible with new media, known as epistemic communities, knowledge networks, or communities of practice, depending on the discipline. Some organizational forms can be difficult to study qualitatively because human, social, cultural, or symbolic capital is transmitted over significant distances with technologies that do not carry the full range of human expression that an ethnographer or participant observer hopes to experience. Whereas qualitative methods render rich description of human interaction, they can be unwieldy for studying complex formal and informal organizations that operate over great distances and through new media. Whereas social network analysis renders an overarching sketch of interaction, it will fail to capture detail on incommensurate yet meaningful relationships. Using social network analysis to justify case selection for ethnography, I propose `network ethnography' as a synergistic research design ...
Design and evaluation of Nemesis, a scalable, low-latency, message-passing communication subsystem

This paper presents a new low-level communication subsystem called Nemesis. Nemesis has been designed and implemented to be scalable and efficient both in the intranode communication context using shared-memory and in the internode communication case using high-performance networks and is natively multimethod-enabled. Nemesis has been integrated in MPICH2 as a CH3 channel and delivers better performance than other dedicated communication channels in MPICH2. Furthermore, the resulting MPICH2 architecture outperforms other MPI implementations in point-to-point benchmarks.
Measurement of net nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in wetland soils using a modification of the resin-core technique

A modifi cation of the resin-core method was developed and tested for measuring in situ soil N and P net mineralization rates in wetland soils where temporal variation in bidirectional vertical water movement and saturation can complicate measurement. Th e modifi ed design includes three mixed-bed ion-exchange resin bags located above and three resin bags located below soil incubating inside a core tube. Th e two inner resin bags adjacent to the soil capture NH 4 +, NO 3 −, and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) transported out of the soil during incubation; the two outer resin bags remove inorganic nutrients transported into the modifi ed resin core; and the two middle resin bags serve as quality-control checks on the function of the inner and outer resin bags. Modifi ed resin cores were incubated monthly for a year along the hydrogeomorphic gradient through a fl oodplain wetland. Only small amounts of NH 4 +, NO 3 −, and SRP were found in the two middle resin bags, indicating that the modifi ed resin-core design was eff ective. Soil moisture and pH inside the modifi ed resin cores typically tracked changes in the surrounding soil abiotic environment. In contrast, use of the closed polyethylene bag method provided substantially diff erent net P and N mineralization rates than modifi ed resin cores and did not track changes in soil moisture or pH. Net ammonifi cation, nitrifi cation, N mineralization, and P mineralization rates measured using modifi ed resin cores varied through space and time associated with hydrologic, geomorphic, and climatic gradients in the fl oodplain wetland. Th e modifi ed resin-core technique successfully characterized spatiotemporal variation of net mineralization fl uxes in situ and is a viable technique for assessing soil nutrient availability and developing ecosystem budgets.
Neuroticism and cortisol: The importance of checking for sex differences

Existent research documents an unclear and contradictory pattern between cortisol and personality variables, especially neuroticism. Specifically, no effect, positive correlations and negative correlations have all been reported to exist between cortisol and neuroticism. The current study tested whether males and females have a fundamentally different relationship between HPA activation and neuroticism and if this might partially account for some of the discrepancy in findings. Saliva samples (n=183) for cortisol were collected three times across a 90min period. Neuroticism was measured via the NEO-FFI. For men, neuroticism was positively correlated with cortisol level (r=.29). For women it was negatively correlated. The negative correlation between neuroticism and cortisol level remained when oral contraceptive use was statistically controlled, and the statistical significance actually increased (partial r=-.20). This suggests a slight suppressor effect, explainable by prior research on correlates of oral contraceptive use. Overall, these findings may offer some explanation for the discrepant results that have been reported in the existing literature regarding neuroticism and cortisol measures.
A preliminary survey of impression trays used in the fabrication of fixed indirect restorations.

Purpose: A variety of impression trays are used in the fabrication of fixed indirect restorations. Impressions used in the construction of fixed indirect restorations were examined for tray type, manner of use, and overall impression quality. Materials and Methods: A commercial dental laboratory provided 1403 impressions used to fabricate fixed indirect restorations during a 3-month period. Impressions were examined for tray type, quantity and type of recorded abutments, the impression of intact teeth adjacent to and opposing the abutment, the presence of the canine in the impression, and an assessment of the quality of the impression. Results: A majority of trays examined were plastic (864, or 61.6%). Dual-arch trays comprised 73.1% of the total. Most of these were metal posterior (n = 499) or plastic posterior (n = 280). Among partial dual-arch impressions, 561 (55.7%) were for the single abutment restoration, bounded by intact teeth anterior and posterior, and with an intact opposing tooth. Eleven percent of plastic dual-arch impressions failed to register the canine. Regarding restoration type, there were 955 impressions for the single-tooth crown, 46 for implant-supported restorations, and 11 for veneers. Twenty impressions were for posts, inlays, or onlays. Impressions for multiple single-tooth crowns and fixed partial dentures comprised the remainder. In terms of overall quality, 85.3% of impressions were excellent or good. The lowest performance in terms of excellent quality was in the anterior plastic single-arch impression (44.8%), whereas the best rate of excellent quality noted was for the posterior dual-arch impression (82.4%). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, dual-arch trays were the most commonly used tray. Recommendations for the use of the dual-arch tray were not followed in a substantial number of impressions examined.
A new vary-chap model of topside electron density profiles based on ISIS-2 sounding data

Using ISIS-2 topside sounding data, a new representative model of the topside electron density distribution is being developed for use in IRI. A major challenge for topside N(h) modeling is finding a suitable mathematical representation of the topside vertical profiles. Many representations have been proposed including exponential functions, Epstein functions, sech-squared functions, and Chapman functions with one or two fixed scale heights. The Vary-Chap function is a generalized α-Chapman profile, based on the work by Rishbeth and Garriott [1969], that uses a continuously varying shape function S(h):
On the Duality and Difference Between Slepian-Wolf Coding and Channel Coding

The duality between the sphere packing exponents, random coding exponents, and correct decoding exponents for Slepian-Wolf coding and channel coding is established. A systematic analysis and comparison of the expurgated exponents for Slepian-Wolf coding and channel coding is provided. This analysis, in conjunction with the linear codebook-level duality between Slepian-Wolf coding and channel coding, reveals that nonlinear Slepian-Wolf codes can strictly outperform linear Slepian-Wolf codes in terms of rate-error tradeoff at high rates.
Risk Behaviors for Varying Categories of Disability in NELS:88

A large body of research shows that youth with disabilities, who comprise about 13% of the country's school-aged population, report comparable to higher incidence rates of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use than their peers. Furthermore, youth with disabilities who reported ATOD use or who engaged in binge drinking had significantly more negative educational outcomes and engaged in sexual activity at a younger age than nonusers. This study describes risk factors for substance use, personal characteristics, aspects of the attitudinal environment, and educational, employment, and social outcomes among youth across 6 categories of disability. Data came from the National Center for Education Statistics' National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988-2000 (NELS:88). The findings indicate that (a) youth with varying types of disabilities are relatively homogenous with respect to risk behaviors, personal characteristics, and outcomes; (b) youth with emotional, learning, or multiple disabilities may be at heightened risk for binge drinking and marijuana use; and (c) youth with emotional and multiple disabilities may be less likely to graduate from high school or its equivalent 8 years beyond the 12th grade. Based on these results and limitations of the NELS sampling strategy, appropriate interventions are discussed as well as the need for more definitive operational definitions for disabilities, specifically the biopsychosocial approach used by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.
Research opportunities at the intersection of social media and survey data

This article reviews literature related to the use of social media, specifically Twitter, to study health behavior. It will discuss the potential for studies that link social media data with survey data. After detailing study design considerations and outlining guidelines for work in this area, it will propose opportunities for novel contributions to health research.
Modeling Newswire Events using Neural Networks for Anomaly Detection

Automatically identifying anomalous newswire events is a hard problem. We discuss the complexity of the problem and introduce a novel technique to model events based on recursive neural networks to represent events as composition of their semantic arguments. Our model learns to differentiate between normal and anomalous events. We model anomaly detection as a binary classification problem and show that the model learns useful features to classify anomaly. We use headlines from the weird news category publicly available on newswire websites to extract anomalous training examples and those from Gigaword as normal examples. We evaluate the classifier on human annotated data and obtain an accuracy of 65.44%. We also show that our model is at least as competent as the least competent human annotator in anomaly detection.
Highly Luminescent Linear Complex Arrays of up to Eight Cuprous Centers.

Linearly arranged metal atoms that are embedded in discrete molecules have fascinated scientists across various disciplines for decades; this is attributed to their potential use in microelectronic devices on a submicroscopic scale. Luminescent oligonuclear Group 11 metal complexes are of particular interest for applications in molecular light-emitting devices. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a rare, homoleptic, and neutral linearly arranged tetranuclear Cu(I) complex that is helically bent, thus representing a molecular coil in the solid state. This tetracuprous arrangement dimerizes into a unique octanuclear assembly bearing a linear array of six Cu(I) centers with two additional bridging cuprous ions that constitute a central pseudo-rhombic Cu(I) 4 cluster. The crystal structure determinations of both complexes reveal close d(10) ⋅⋅⋅d(10) contacts between all cuprous ions that are adjacent to each other. The dynamic behavior in solution, DFT calculations, and the luminescence properties of these remarkable complexes are also discussed.
PATTERNS OF CALIBRATION AGE SENSITIVITY WITH QUARTET DATING METHODS

Because more than one calibration is used, quartet dating (a molecular dating method) is thought to reduce error that might arise from a single calibration point. Within crocodylians, there is a strong correlation between calibration age and divergence estimate for five mitochondrial genes and one nuclear gene—estimates based on two Neogene calibrations are all younger than those based on two Paleogene calibrations, and estimates based on one Neogene and one Paleogene calibration are of intermediate age. Confidence limits on the youngest estimates exclude the oldest estimates, and in several cases they exclude known minimum divergences from fossil occurrences. Addition of time to the calibrations improves among-quartet and stratigraphic consistency, but not all kinds of modifications have the same impact; addition of uniform blocks of time to all calibrations efficiently increases among-quartet consistency, but with range extensions that more than double some of the Neogene calibrations. Modest increases in calibration age disproportionately impact divergence estimates based on later calibrations. Some among-quartet disparity might reflect calibration error, especially among caimans, but some range extensions necessary to improve consistency are unreasonably long. Quartet dating appears to systematically undercompensate branch length error with late calibrations and overcompensate it with early calibrations, but in all cases very reasonable results—alligatorid-crocodylid divergence in the Late Cretaceous and Alligator-caiman divergence at or near the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary—are obtained when both a Neogene and a Paleogene calibration is used. This suggests that, given current likelihood models, the use of calibrations sampling different parts of a clade's history is the best strategy when using quartet dating.