cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Movement of Bilirubin and Bilirubin Conjugates Across the Placenta

To the Editor .— The recent report1 of a woman with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia who delivered an infant with negligible concentrations of bilirubin in serum at birth echoes an earlier report of a similar phenomenon. In 1973, Lipsitz et al2 described a pregnant patient with a total plasma bilirubin concentration of 24 mg% (13 mg% direct bilirubin) on the day of delivery and whose male infant showed a cord blood total bilirubin concentration of 10.4 mg%, of which only 0.6 mg% was direct-reacting bilirubin. These observations are consistent with experimental studies in rhesus monkeys that showed that conjugated bilirubin does not cross the placenta from the maternal to the fetal …
Changing spectrum of the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome.

Objective To describe the changing clinical spectrum of patients with diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), and to carry out HLA class II oligotyping in these patients. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients with DILS who were referred to an outpatient facility for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive individuals between 1994 and 2003 was performed. DILS was diagnosed as suggested by previous criteria. Demographic features and relevant clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were recorded and results analyzed. Results A total of 129 patients with DILS were identified. Of them, 56 (43%) were African American, 41 (32%) were white, and 32 (25%) were Hispanic. Parotid gland swelling appeared to be the sine qua non of DILS. Twenty-seven percent of patients had opportunistic infections. The status of 103 patients was available as of December 2003: 26 (25%) had died, of which only 6 (6%) succumbed to opportunistic infections. The prevalence of DILS had significantly decreased in the post-HAART era (1998 onwards) compared with that of the pre-HAART period (P < 0.000001). The prevalence of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis had also dropped significantly following introduction of HAART therapy (P = 0.015). A higher frequency of certain HLA class II alleles (DRB1) was found in African Americans with DILS compared with those with HIV without DILS (P = 0.006). Conclusion The epidemiology, clinical presentation, and certain extraglandular manifestations of DILS have changed, concomitant with the introduction of HAART, further suggesting that DILS is an antigen (viral)-driven response and the primary treatment for it is anti-HIV therapy.
Otitis caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompetent child

Scedosporium apiospermum (Pseudallescheria boydii) is a ubiquitous saprophytic mold. It is considered an infrequent but important and emerging human pathogen, mostly in immunocompromised hosts. Otomycosis secondary to S. apiospermum is extremely rare. We report an 8-year-old immunocompetent male who developed otitis media and otitis externa from S. apiospermum, which was successful treated with combination of surgical debridement and topical clotrimazole therapy. A brief literature review of infections caused by S. apiospermum follows the case presentation.
Effects of Familial Attachment, Social Support, Involvement, and Self-Esteem on Youth Substance Use and Sexual Risk Taking

A study of protective factors against substance use and sexual risk taking was conducted among 610 high-poverty urban youth. Higher levels of family attachment, social support, involvement, and self-esteem were associated with lower levels of risk behaviors.
Optical image segmentor using wavelet filtering techniques as the front-end of a neural network classifier

This paper presents an automatic, optically based image segmentation scheme for locating potential targets in cluttered FLIR images as the front-end image processor of a neural network classifier. The advantage of such a scheme is speed, i.e., the speed of light. Such a design is critical to achieve real-time segmentation and classification for machine vision applications. The segmentation scheme used was based on texture discrimination and employed orientation specific, bandpass spatial filters (wavelet filters) as its main component. By using the proper choice of aperture pair separation, dilation, and orientation, potential targets in FLIR imagery can be optically segmented using spatial filtering techniques. Segmentation is illustrated for glass template slides, and static and real-time FLIR imagery displayed on an LCTV.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Viscoelastic finite-difference modeling

Real earth media disperse and attenuate propagating mechanical waves. This anelastic behavior can be described well by a viscoelastic model. We have developed a finite-difference simulator to model wave propagation in viscoelastic media. The finite-difference method was chosen in favor of other methods for several reasons. Finite-difference codes are more portable than, for example, pseudospectral codes. Moreover, finite-difference schemes provide a convenient environment in which to define complicated boundaries. A staggered scheme of second-order accuracy in time and fourth-order accuracy in space appears to be optimally efficient. Because of intrinsic dispersion, no fixed grid points per wavelength rule can be given; instead, we present tables, which enable a choice of grid parameters for a given level of accuracy. Since the scheme models energy absorption, natural and efficient absorbing boundaries may be implemented merely by changing the parameters near the grid boundary. The viscoelastic scheme is only marginally more expensive than analogous elastic schemes. The efficient implementation of absorbing boundaries may therefore be a good reason for also using the viscoelastic scheme in purely elastic simulations. We illustrate our method and the importance of accurately modeling anelastic media through 2-D and 3-D examples from shallow marine environments.
Development and Evolution of the Drosophila Bolwig’s Organ: A Compound Eye Relict

Bolwig’s organs, the larval eyes of Drosophila, consist of only 12 photoreceptors, lacking accessory cells such as lens and pigment cells. Because of their minimalist organization, these visual organs continue to serve as an efficient system for the genetic analysis of visual behavior, circadian behavior, axonal targeting, cellular specification, and cellular differentiation. The resultant body of data has reached a new level that warrants integrated review for reference in future research efforts. A comparative perspective underlines the fact that the Bolwig’s organs are evolutionarily related to the adult compound eye. As a reflection of this, shared genetic mechanisms regulate the specification and differentiation of photoreceptor subtypes in both organs, despite over 300 million of years of evolutionary diversification since their joint origin from the compound eye in the ancestor of holometabolous insects.
Serotonin Transporter (5-HTTLPR) Genotype, Childhood Abuse, and Suicide Attempts in Adult Psychiatric Inpatients

There is growing evidence that a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) moderates the impact of negative life events (e.g., childhood abuse) on the development of depression. However, it is unclear whether the gene × environment interaction predicts suicide attempts specifically. In addition, previous studies have not examined different forms of childhood abuse separately. In the current study, we found that 5-HTTLPR genotype moderated the link between childhood physical and sexual, but not emotional, abuse and adult psychiatric inpatients' histories of suicide attempts.
Speech and Sensuality; Speech and Separation: Commentary on Paper by Sarah Hill

This discussion attends to the way the author addresses issues of bilingualism, multiple self-states, primary nonverbal attachments, and the complexity of countertransference identifications in a treatment with several overlapping language worlds. Language or rather speech practice is considered as a carrier of object ties, as a repository of affect and unconscious meaning. I approach Hill's clinical report by thinking about how Hill situates aspects of identity within particular language worlds. Why exactly is it that language demarcates identity, the distinctions of self and other, and the positioning of identity in history so acutely? We see that language has amazing constitutive power in this case, a case where language and attachment, language and early loss, language and traumatic memory, and language and development are so intertwined. This discussion also takes on the author's use of her countertransference and her dream material illuminate conflicts and ruptures in a treatment with a French-speak...
Long-Run Effects of Promotion Depth on New Versus Established Customers: Three Field Studies

We use the results of three large-scale field experiments to investigate how the depth of a current price promotion affects future purchasing of first-time and established customers. While most previous studies have focused on packaged goods sold in grocery stores, we consider durable goods sold through a direct mail catalog. The findings reveal different effects for first-time and established customers. Deeper price discounts in the current period increased future purchases by first-time customers (a positive long-run effect) but reduced future purchases by established customers (a negative long-run effect). Overall, the results show evidence of several long-run effects: forward buying, selection, customer learning, and increased deal sensitivity. Short-run metrics that ignore these effects overstate the overall change in demand for established customers. The implication is that if prices are set based on short-run elasticity, then they will be too low. Among first-time customers, the short-run metrics underestimate the total increase in demand. If prices are set based on short-run elasticity, then they will be too high.
The spectrum of colovesical fistula and diagnostic paradigm.

Abstract Background Our experience with colovesical fistula (CVF) over a 12-year period was reviewed to clarify its clinical presentation and diagnostic confirmation. Methods Twelve patients with CVF were identified. Presenting symptoms, etiologic factors, diagnostic investigations, and subsequent treatment were reviewed. Results Underlying etiologies were diverticular disease (75%), colon cancer (16%), and bladder cancer (8%). Pneumaturia (77%) was the most common presentation, followed by urinary tract infections, dysuria and frequency (45%), fecaluria (36%), hematuria (22%), and orchitis (10%). The ability of various preoperative investigations to identify a CVF were: computed tomography (CT) (90%), barium enema (BE) (20%), and cystography (11%), whereas cystoscopy, intravenous pyelogram (IVP), and colonoscopy were nondiagnostic. All patients underwent single- or multiple-staged repair of the fistula. Conclusions In patients with a suspected CVF, we recommend CT followed by a colonoscopy as a first-line investigation to rule out malignancy as a cause of CVF. Other modalities should only be used if the diagnosis is in doubt or additional information is needed to plan operative management.
Latent ClpX-recognition signals ensure LexA destruction after DNA damage

The DNA-damage response genes in bacteria are up-regulated when LexA repressor undergoes autocatalytic cleavage stimulated by activated RecA protein. Intact LexA is stable to intracellular degradation but its auto-cleavage fragments are degraded rapidly. Here, both fragments of LexA are shown to be substrates for the ClpXP protease. ClpXP recognizes these fragments using sequence motifs that flank the auto-cleavage site but are dormant in intact LexA. Furthermore, ClpXP degradation of the LexA-DNA-binding fragment is important to cell survival after DNA damage. These results demonstrate how one protein-processing event can activate latent protease recognition signals, triggering a cascade of protein turnover in response to environmental stress.
Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument ICP0 Is Capsid Associated, and Its E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Domain Is Important for Incorporation into Virions

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate-early (IE) protein ICP0 is a multifunctional regulator of HSV infection. ICP0 that is present in the tegument layer has not been well characterized. Protein compositions of wild-type and ICP0 null virions were similar, suggesting that the absence of ICP0 does not grossly impair virion assembly. ICP0 has a RING finger domain with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that is necessary for IE functions. Virions with mutations in this domain contained greatly reduced levels of tegument ICP0, suggesting that the domain influences the incorporation of ICP0. Virion ICP0 was resistant to removal by detergent and salt and was associated with capsids, features common to inner tegument proteins.
Electronic structure mechanism of spin-polarized electron transport in a Ni–C60–Ni system

The nature of chemical bonding and its effect on spin-polarized electron transport in Ni-C60-Ni are studied using density functional theory in conjunction with the Landauer-Buttiker formalism. The binding site on the C60 cage surface appears to have a strong influence on the electron tunneling current between Ni leads. The tunnel current has a much higher magnitude when Ni is bonded to hole sites (H6, H5) than at bridge sites (B66, B56) of the fullerene cage. Furthermore, the magnitude of junction magnetoresistance is predicted to be significantly high for the molecular Ni-C60-Ni system. � 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Primary structure of goat myoglobin.

Abstract Color stability attributes of goat meat are different from those of sheep meat, possibly due to species-specific differences in myoglobin (Mb) biochemistry. An examination of post-genomic era protein databases revealed that the primary structure of goat Mb has not been determined. Therefore, our objective was to characterize the primary structure of goat Mb. Goat Mb was isolated from cardiac muscles employing ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel-filtration chromatography, and Edman degradation was utilized to determine the amino acid sequence. Sequence analyses of intact Mb as well as tryptic- and cyanogen bromide-peptides yielded the complete primary structure of goat Mb, which shared 98.7% similarity with sheep Mb. Similar to other livestock myoglobins goat Mb has 153 residues. Comparison of the sequences of goat and sheep myoglobins revealed two amino acid substitutions – THRgoat8GLNsheep and GLYgoat52GLUsheep. Goat Mb contains 12 histidine residues. As observed in other meat-producing livestock species, distal and proximal histidines, responsible for stabilizing the heme group and coordinating oxygen-binding, are conserved in goat Mb.
Locality-aware Buffer Management: Algorithms Design and Systems Implementation for Data Intensive Applications (A Brief Progress Report)

The speed gap between data processing in CPU and data accessing in disks has reached to an intolerable level, and only become worse as time goes by. This bottleneck has seriously hindered the development of large scale computing systems for data-intensive applications that demand fast accesses to a huge amount of data. Viable and cost-effective solutions to address this problem are to build large memory buffers to cache data for reuse by taking advantage of low price and large capacity of DRAM memory, and to prefetch data for predicted future use by taking advantage of high and idle bandwidths of networks. We are working on four different research projects on locality-aware buffer management for data intensive applications. This report briefly presents the background, motivation, and working progress of our work funded by the NSF NGS program.
Stereotype Accuracy of Ballet and Modern Dancers

The authors recorded preprofessional ballet and modern dancers' perceptions of the personality traits of each type of dancer and self-reports of their own standing, to test the accuracy of the group stereotypes. Participants accurately stereotyped ballet dancers as scoring higher than modern dancers on Fear of Negative Evaluation and Personal Need for Structure and accurately viewed the groups as equal on Fitness Esteem. Participants inaccurately stereotyped ballet dancers as lower on Body Esteem; the groups actually scored the same. Sensitivity correlations across traits indicated that dancers were accurate about the relative magnitudes of trait differences in the two types of dancers. A group of nondancers reported stereotypes that were usually in the right direction although of inaccurate magnitude, and nondancers were sensitive to the relative sizes of group differences across traits.
Ramjets and Air-Augmented Rockets

For atmospheric flight at speeds above Mach 3, and even for M < 3 for unmanned vehicles, the most promising propulsion systems are ramjets and air-augmented rockets. Many ramjet-powered vehicles have been developed (see, e.g., Refs. 1–3), including a successful experimental turbo-ramjet airplane [4]. Three operational ramjet missiles have been deployed: Talos (still in the United States Fleet), Bomarc, and the British Bloodhound. Air-augmented, solid-propellant rockets are simpler than ramjets and should be as good or better for some applications, and air-augmented liquid rockets offer versatility in thrust/specific-impulse tradeoffs during flight. Still simpler is the “external burning ramjet,” which employs combustion over an external surface and could be used for range extension or side forces on simple bodies. For hypersonic propulsion, ramjets with internal supersonic combustion (scramjets) show great promise (see also Chapter 14).
Rights, Justice and the Retarded

Is proper treatment for the retarded a matter of justice or of charity? — That is the issue, raised by Professor Woozley [8], on which I want to comment, but I shall start at some distance from anything he discusses. There is an idea which can be found in quite a lot of recent writing about the rights of the retarded: the idea that we are finally getting away from the myths and ideologies and irrational fears which distorted our ancestors’ ways of thinking about the mentally retarded. This idea is, for example, expressed by Paul Friedman, well known for his legal work on behalf of the retarded, and by Issam Amary, in a book on the rights of the retarded ([3], p. 16; cf. [6]; [1], pp. 3–4). Amary states that traditionally the retarded have been regarded as outcasts of their societies and as individuals who brought shame to their families; and Friedman says that traditionally the mentally retarded have been viewed as subhuman organisms or as menaces to society or as eternal children or as irreversibly diseased persons. The view that you get then in writers like Amary and Friedman is that while there still are people who think in terms of such stereotypes, we have at least made a beginning at getting away from such false views. We have at least begun to recognize retarded people as our fellow human beings; we have begun to recognize their rights, and to modify and reshape our social institutions to accord them their rights.
Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Siervo libre de amor . Edición de Antonio Prieto, Madrid, Clásicos Castalia, 1976

Juan Rodriguez del Padron, Siervo libre de amor . Edicion de Antonio Prieto, Madrid, Clasicos Castalia, 1976
Relationship between sire x year interactions and direct-maternal genetic correlation for weaning weight of Simmental cattle.

The interrelation of sire x year interactions (SY) and direct-maternal genetic correlation (r dm ) for weaning weight was examined for bias in estimating r dm . Weaning weight records were simulated using models containing SY (D1), r dm (D2), or both (D3). When D1 data were analyzed ignoring SY, a nonzero r dm was observed, and direct and maternal genetic variance estimates were inflated. Analysis of D2 data ignoring r dm did not reveal a spurious SY, and direct and maternal genetic variance estimates were deflated. On application to weaning weights of Simmental cattle, the model ignoring SY resulted in a direct-maternal genetic correlation estimate of -.29. The model using both SY and r dm fit the data better ( P <.01). The SY variance represented only 3% of phenotypic variance but explained 62% of the covariance between direct and maternal genetic effects estimated ignoring SY. However, a negative estimate of the genetic correlation (-.14) was still obtained.
The Absence of Narrative: Boredom and the Residual Power of Television News

AbstractThe article begins by arguing—against conventional wisdom—that one of the defining features of television news is the absence of narrative codes in its structure. Rather than raising the questions that it later resolves, television news has a disjointed structure that makes it hard to follow or comprehend. Viewers find it much more difficult, for this reason, to retain information from the news than from almost any other form of television. To understand the influence of television news, we must understand which elements this disjointed narrative encourages us to retain. These elements tend to involve oft-repeated sets of simple associations rather than any more complex histories. Indeed, the failure of news to communicate historical connections impoverishes the quality of decision making and public understanding by citizens who increasingly rely upon television news to provide information about the world.
Variation, Multiplicity, and Semicontinuity

The concept of total variation of a real function of one real variable is generally discussed in courses and books on real functions, or on integration. Nevertheless, the recent research on continuous varieties in Euclidean or metric spaces (curves, surfaces, etc.) have focused the attention on certain less-known aspects of the concept of total variation, whose extensions have an essential part in that research. In retrospect, these less-known facets of the familiar concept of total variation have become interesting. In dealing with these more elusive aspects of the concept of total variation we will come across a number of well-known properties, and we will list them without proof (See, e.g., E. W. Hobson, Theory of Functions of a Real Variable, 1927; S. Saks, Theory of the Integral, 1937).
Experimental Autoallergic Orchitis in Rhesus Monkeys

SummaryRhesus monkeys were injected with monkey testicular extract incorporated into Freund adjuvant. All six monkeys developed a histological picture of orchitis. The testicular lesions consisted of congestion and serous edema, with sloughing of germinal cells from the tubules; these cells appeared to fill the epididymis ducts. Lesions were more pronounced between 10 and 13 weeks after immunization. Lymphocytic infiltration was present in moderate intensity in only one animal. Circulating antibodies were detected in a few animals at very low titer; however, following castration the titers increased. The organ specificity of the antibody response could be well documented by means of immunofluorescence. According to the results obtained, auto- as well as isosensitization of rhesus monkeys with monkey testicular material incorporated into complete Freund adjuvant produces histological and serological changes very similar to those seen in human experimental orchitis.
Mucosa of the duodenal bulb; method for roentgenologic study.

A method for study of the mucosa of the duodenal bulb has been presented. It has been found to have great value, not only in revealing an ulcer crater, but also in resolving the perplexing question of “active” or “healed” ulcer in deformities of the contour of the duodenal bulb.
Chiral Domains Achieved by Surface Adsorption of Achiral Nickel Tetraphenyl- or Octaethylporphyrin on Smooth and Locally Kinked Au(111)

The self-assembly of either nickel tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP) or nickel octaethylporphyrin (NiOEP) on a reconstructed Au(111) surface is studied using scanning tunneling microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum. Even though the porphyrins are achiral in the gas phase, they are shown to form racemic chiral domains on the surface. For NiTPP we observe the expected roughly “square” unit cell as well as a new “parallelogram” unit cell. For NiOEP we find a hexagonally packed structure in which alternating rows are rotated 15° with respect to each other. We discuss the forces responsible for the formation of chiral domains and find intermolecular interactions to be the dominant factor in the assembly when the porphyrins are on a flat surface. Moreover, we observe that it is possible to break the formation of racemic domains of NiTPP on Au(111) by using a kinked vicinal surface as a symmetry-breaking template to locally lift the structural equivalence of the racemic surface structures. This study shows that a delicate i...
Local Actors as Global Critics: Examining Salvadorans’ Transnational Consciousness

Drawing on the experiences of 25 Salvadoran activists in the metro District of Columbia (DC) area, I examine how seasoned activists, or individuals with long-standing organizing experience, maintai...
A Review of the Evidence for Disparities in Child vs Adult Health Care: A Disparity in Disparities

Racial and ethnic health disparities in primary care have been well documented in the US healthcare system. However, very little attention has been directed toward inequities in child health. The aim of this review is to provide context for the scope of the challenges associated with addressing pediatric health disparities in primary care by comparing the weight of evidence regarding racial/ethnic health disparities for children vs adults. A multisystem health disparities conceptual model will frame the search strategy and analysis of the review. This paper will: (1) identify knowledge deficits in the understanding of existing disparities in pediatric primary care relative to adult primary care; (2) assess root causes of disparities for children vs adults; and (3) propose recommendations for a research agenda and policy implementation to eliminate disparities in pediatric primary care.
Modeling noisy resonant system response

Abstract In this paper, a theory-based model replicating empirical acoustic resonant signals is presented and studied to understand sources of noise present in acoustic signals. Statistical properties of empirical signals are quantified and a noise amplitude parameter, which models frequency and amplitude-based noise, is created, defined, and presented. This theory-driven model isolates each phenomenon and allows for parameters to be independently studied. Using seven independent degrees of freedom, this model will accurately reproduce qualitative and quantitative properties measured from laboratory data. Results are presented and demonstrate success in replicating qualitative and quantitative properties of experimental data.
Implications of Recent Literary Criticism of the Bible

(1988). Implications of Recent Literary Criticism of the Bible. Religion & Public Education: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 459-464.
Magnetohydrodynamics in thermal to electric energy conversion

When technologies reach maturity, their energy and power conversion efficiencies can be only improved minimally. Therefore, research efforts need to be invested into finding useful applications for conversion losses, thus improving the systems overall energy consumption. The most common conversion loss manifests itself as waste heat of low-, medium- and high temperatures. This paper aims to introduce an innovative thermal to electric energy conversion system, using magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) at its core. Determined overall efficiencies exceed the efficiencies of thermocouples, the most common thermal to electric energy converter. Furthermore, an MHD prototype is introduced.
Spatial resilience of forested landscapes under climate change and management

Resilience, the ability to recover from disturbance, has risen to the forefront of scientific policy, but is difficult to quantify, particularly in large, forested landscapes subject to disturbances, management, and climate change. Our objective was to determine which spatial drivers will control landscape resilience over the next century, given a range of plausible climate projections across north-central Minnesota. Using a simulation modelling approach, we simulated wind disturbance in a 4.3 million ha forested landscape in north-central Minnesota for 100 years under historic climate and five climate change scenarios, combined with four management scenarios: business as usual (BAU), maximizing economic returns (‘EcoGoods’), maximizing carbon storage (‘EcoServices’), and climate change adaption (‘CCAdapt’). To estimate resilience, we examined sites where simulated windstorms removed >70% of the biomass and measured the difference in biomass and species composition after 50 years. Climate change lowered resilience, though there was wide variation among climate change scenarios. Resilience was explained more by spatial variation in soils than climate. We found that BAU, EcoGoods and EcoServices harvest scenarios were very similar; CCAdapt was the only scenario that demonstrated consistently higher resilience under climate change. Although we expected spatial patterns of resilience to follow ownership patterns, it was contingent upon whether lands were actively managed. Our results demonstrate that resilience may be lower under climate change and that the effects of climate change could overwhelm current management practices. Only a substantial shift in simulated forest practices was successful in promoting resilience.
Glacial reduction of the North American Monsoon via surface cooling and atmospheric ventilation

NSF [AGS-1204011, OCN-1304910, OCE-1651034]; David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering
Testing and Implementing Solutions

In the last chapter, we discussed Kaoru Ishikawa, the father of the fishbone “cause and effect” diagram. Let’s spend a few sentences on our next two heroes – Shewhart and Deming – the fathers of the Pacific Dolphin Swim Association (err, the Plan-Do-Study Act cycle).
Preliminary results from a model-driven architecture methodology for development of an event-driven space communications service concept

NASA's next-generation space communications network will involve dynamic and autonomous services analogous to services provided by current terrestrial wireless networks. This architecture concept, known as the Space Mobile Network (SMN), is enabled by several technologies now in development. A pillar of the SMN architecture is the establishment and utilization of a continuous bidirectional control plane space link channel and a new User Initiated Service (UIS) protocol to enable more dynamic and autonomous mission operations concepts, reduced user space communications planning burden, and more efficient and effective provider network resource utilization. This paper provides preliminary results from the application of model-driven architecture methodology to develop UIS. Such an approach is necessary to ensure systematic investigation of several open questions concerning the efficiency, robustness, interoperability, scalability and security of the control plane space link and UIS protocol.
Strategies for recruiting populations to participate in the chronic disease self-management program (CDSMP): A systematic review

The purpose of this review was to better understand how to market the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program to new audiences. Eight databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies of the CDSMP. A total of 39 articles were analyzed to describe the theoretical basis of recruitment strategies and their effectiveness while engaging diverse populations. Findings included that female, Caucasian, and elderly groups are overrepresented in CDSMP literature and recruitment efforts have not been explicitly grounded in theory. This review provides insight into trends in CDSMP recruitment and identifies the need for further research regarding the application of marketing theory to future enrollment efforts.
Recovery of Gold and Silver from Secondary Sources of Electronic Waste Processing by Thiourea Leaching

Fine materials, such as flue dust, generated during processing of electronic waste (e-waste) contain valuable metal resources, such as Au and Ag. However, recovery of valuable metals from this flue dust has not been extensively studied. In this study, a leaching process was investigated for effective recovery of Au and Ag from flue dust. In particular, thiourea was used as leaching reagent to replace cyanide, which has environmental problems. The effects of various parameters on the process, such as leaching time (1–10 h), thiourea concentration (20–60 g/L), and pulp density (20–100 g/L) as well as reaction temperature (20–60°C), were systematically examined. One- and two-step leaching methods were proposed to recover Au and Ag, respectively. Au and Ag leaching efficiencies of about 90% and 100% were obtained by one-step thiourea leaching. However, metals such as Fe and Al were also dissolved together. In the two-step process, Fe and Al were dissolved using H2SO4 as a first step, then Au and Ag were recovered using thiourea leaching. Using this two-step process, Au and Ag were dissolved at higher purity than when using the one-step leaching process, achieving leaching efficiencies of about 98% and 100%, respectively. This investigation will lead to a cost-effective method for recovering precious metals from secondary waste.
A chess program that chunks

CHUNKHR is a chess program that uses chunked knowledge to achieve success. Its domain is a subset of king and pawn endings in chess that has been studied for over 300 years. CHUNKHR has a large library of chunk instances where each chunk type has a property list and each instance has a set of values for these properties. This allows CHUNKHR to reason about positions that come up in the search that would otherwise have to handled by means of additional search. Thus the program is able to solve die most difficult problem of its present domain (a problem that would require 45 ply of search and on the order of 10l3 years of CPU time to be solved by the best of present day chess programs) in 18 ply and one minute of CPU time. Further, CHLINKER is undoubtedly the world's foremost expert in its domain, and has discovered 2 mistakes in the literature and has been instrumental in discovering a new theorem about the domain that allows the assessing of positions with a new degree of ease and confidence. In this paper we describe CHUNKER's structure and performance, and discuss our plans for extending it to play the whole domain of king and pawn endings.1
Gender Across Cultures: An Interview with Nonie Darwish

Nonie Darwish grew up in Gaza and Cairo. When she was 8 years old her father, a high-ranking military officer, was killed in an act of terrorism, making him a shahid , or martyr for jihad. Darwish came to America when she was 30 and was struck by the freedoms enjoyed in her new country; she has felt compelled to speak out for tolerance since 9/11. She is the author of Now They Call Me Infidel: Why I Renounced Jihad for America, Israel, and the War on Terror and the originator of the group Arabs for Israel (www.arabsforisrael.com). Darwish’s second book, Cruel and Usual Punishment, about the conditions of Muslim women under Sharia (Islamic law), will be published in 2008. Darwish spoke with our editor on February 29, 2008.
Comparative Evaluation of Radiographic Parameters of Foot Pronation in Two Different Conditions versus Barefoot.

Background: To date, there is conflicting evidence that high-end “motion control” running shoes can correct and control rearfoot pronation. Many methods have been used to evaluate the efficacy of motion control footwear in reducing hindfoot pronation during gait, including stop-motion photography, three-dimensional camera kinematic analysis, and three-dimensional bone modeling using computed tomography. Until now, there have been no radiographic studies that examined the effect of motion control running shoes on the static posture of the foot. Murley et al devised a reliable system that correlated noninvasive clinical examinations to radiographic values that correspond to foot pronation. The aim of this prospective investigation was to determine whether motion control running shoes are able to produce a significant difference in pronation through a radiographic study, using the angular relationships as described by Murley et al, in two different shoe conditions as compared to the barefoot condition in fem...
Transitioning from one Electronic Health Record (EHR) to Another: A Narrative Literature Review:

This paper reports the results of a literature review of health care organizations that have transitioned from one electronic health record (EHR) to another. Ten different EHR to EHR transitions ar...
Overview of Simulation in Surgery

Simulation-based training has demonstrated success in educating and assessing all level of learners from medical students to residents to practicing physicians. Along with this success has come the mandate to include a simulation center and/or skills lab at medical schools and many major healthcare organizations. Each institution uses these valuable resources differently. The keys to a successful program that maximizes education outcomes based upon the investment of time and money aren’t completely clear. However, a review of the benefits and drawbacks of each type of simulation will demonstrate that the building blocks for a robust curriculum and eventual assessment of technical and nontechnical skills are available.
Volunteering in Later Life: Policies and Programs to Support a Resilient Aging Society

Civic engagement among older adults has gained attention in both the popular and academic press over the last decade. As the health and education of aging Americans continue to increase, so does the opportunity to engage this growing population in civic activities aimed at improving communities. At the same time, this engagement has the potential to promote the health and resiliency of older adults. In this chapter, we focus on formal volunteering, given the vast potential of the aging population to serve communities in these roles. Volunteering can be defined as an activity undertaken by an individual that is aimed at helping others/improving the community, undertaken with free will, unpaid (or minimal compensation to offset costs), and structured by an organization. Evidence suggests that volunteering improves health, mental health, and socialization, and is protective in the face of loss and other challenges of later life. Thus, it has a place in the discussion of resilience as defined in this book, the ability to achieve, retain, or regain a level of physical or emotional health after illness or loss. In this chapter, we review the current status of volunteering among older adults in the United States, and we highlight over three decades of research demonstrating the positive association between volunteering and well-being of older adults. We then consider the relationship of volunteering to resilience. We review current policies and programs that promote volunteering, and finally, we address challenges to wider participation among the older population.
Helping couples & families navigate illness and disability: An integrated approach: by John S. Rolland, New York, Guilford Publications, 2018, ISBN 9781462534951 (hardback)

John Rolland's theoretical contributions to the field of family health are well known by most readers of this journal. His latest book, Helping Couples & Families Navigate Illness and Disability: A...
Evaluation of the effects of dietary fat, conjugated linoleic acid, and ractopamine on growth performance, pork quality, and fatty acid profiles in genetically lean gilts

An 8-wk study of the effects of CLA, rendered animal fats, and ractopamine, and their interactive effects on growth, fatty acid composition, and carcass quality of genetically lean pigs was conducted. Gilts (n = 228; initial BW of 59.1 kg) were assigned to a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement consisting of CLA, ractopamine, and fat treatments. The CLA treatment consisted of 1% CLA oil (CLA-60) or 1% soybean oil. Ractopamine levels were either 0 or 10 ppm. Fat treatments consisted of 0% added fat, 5% choice white grease (CWG), or 5% beef tallow (BT). The CLA and fat treatments were initiated at 59.1 kg of BW, 4 wk before the ractopamine treatments. The ractopamine treatments were imposed when the gilts reached a BW of 85.7 kg and lasted for the duration of the final 4 wk until carcass data were collected. Lipids from the belly, outer and inner layers of backfat, and LM were extracted and analyzed for fatty acid composition from 6 pigs per treatment at wk 4 and 8. Feeding CLA increased (P < 0.02) G:F during the final 4 wk. Pigs fed added fat as either CWG or BT exhibited decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI and increased (P < 0.01) G:F. Adding ractopamine to the diet increased (P < 0.01) ADG, G:F, and final BW. The predicted carcass lean percentage was increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed CLA or ractopamine. Feeding either 5% fat or ractopamine increased (P < 0.05) carcass weight. Adding fat to the diets increased (P < 0.05) the 10th rib backfat depth but did not affect predicted percent lean. Bellies of gilts fed CLA were subjectively and objectively firmer (P < 0.01). Dietary CLA increased (P < 0.01) the concentration of saturated fatty acids and decreased (P < 0.01) the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids of the belly fat, both layers of backfat, and LM. Ractopamine decreased (P < 0.01) the i.m. fat content of the LM but had relatively little effect on the fatty acid profiles of the tissues compared with CLA. These results indicate that CLA, added fat, and ractopamine work mainly in an additive fashion to enhance pig growth and carcass quality. Furthermore, these results indicate that CLA results in more saturated fat throughout the carcass.
Development and Pilot Testing of Active Kids: A Park-Based Afterschool Physical Activity Program for Hispanic Youth

Purpose: Physical activity (PA) in children is associated with decreased obesity and risk for preventable diseases. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a twice weekly, 15-week gamesbased afterschool PA intervention at a local park for Hispanic youth. Methods: Pedometers and heart rate (HR) monitors were used to assess PA duration and intensity. Pre- and posttest measures of body mass, waist circumference, skinfolds, cardiovascular fitness, and blood pressure were compared on 18 participants (11 girls, 7 boys, ages 8-11, 45% overweight) who attended the program at least 65% of the sessions. Results: The program provided a mean of 29 minutes of PA of moderate to vigorous intensity (HR > 130 beats/min) each session, averaging 2,043 - 3,370 steps per session. Participants displayed significantly improved cardiovascular fitness pretest to posttest. Over time, body mass index and body mass increased significantly; however, the proportion of overweight youth did not change. There were no significant changes in skinfold thickness, waist circumference, or blood pressure. Conclusion: A community PA intervention with a games-based curriculum meeting twice weekly has the potential to improve cardiovascular fitness, providing benefits of PA consistent with public health recommendations.
Blockchain based Application for Exchange of Left over Foreign Currency

Along with the increase in international travel there is a consequential rise in the amount of leftover currency (LFC) or the paper bills/coins that people cannot spend during their international travel. This cash mostly stay in people’s pockets and travels back to people’s home country. There are ways that LFC can be brought back into the economy such as souvenir shopping at the airports, donations to a charity wending machine or throwing into fountains to wish. However, these means of utilization have various limitations associated with them. Hence, there is a need for a transparent and a more convenient method to spend the LFC. In this work, we implement a system that solves the LFC problem by converting it into a cryptocurrency. The process of conversion requires depositing the LFC at a kiosk. The users can then use an android application to receive the cryptocurrency which they deposit in the foreign country. The amount of cryptocurrency bought by current rate appears in the users’ e-wallet. The kiosk backend handles the currency and storage of critical transactions in a blockchain. The proposed system gives a fairly simple solution for a long lasting problem that is only possible because of the blockchain technology.
Comparison of Frequency of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Primary and Secondary Prevention Subgroups of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial

The Pooled Cohort Equation (PCE) predicts 10-year risk of first-time atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and was incorporated in analyses of a primary and secondary prevention population in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). Whether PCE enhances risk prediction among secondary prevention populations is unknown. We sought to compare ASCVD events by level of PCE-predicted risk among primary and secondary prevention SPRINT populations. SPRINT randomized adults with hypertension and ≥1 CVD risk factor or previous CVD events to systolic blood pressure control targeting <120 mm Hg or 135 to 139 mm Hg. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) of ASCVD events among secondary versus primary (reference) prevention subgroups overall and by predicted 10-year ASCVD risk categories (<10%, 10% to <20%, 20% to <30%, and ≥30%) and within risk subgroups, comparing to the lowest risk category. Among 8,151 participants, 16% with previous CVD, mean age was 66 years and 35% were women. The HR for ASCVD events overall was 2.51 (1.96, 3.20). HR was 2.97 (1.47, 5.99) among <10% 10-year risk and 2.23 (1.38, 3.59) among ≥30% risk. Within subgroups comparing ≥30% to <10% risk (reference) categories, the HR was 2.85 (1.76, 4.63) for primary and 2.14 (1.07, 4.30) for the secondary prevention. In conclusion, history of previous events was a potent risk factor for subsequent ASCVD events. The PCE does not enhance risk prediction among secondary prevention populations and may differentially underestimate risk in secondary prevention populations with lowest predicted risk.
Temperature Dependence of the Fine Structure Mixing Induced by 4 He and 3 He in K and Rb Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers

A critical evaluation of the experimental and theoretical literature regarding the rates for fine structure mixing in the first excited 2P3/2,1/2 states of potassium and rubidium induced by collision with 4He is performed. The evaluation is used to develop a recommendation for the fine structure mixing rates as a function of temperature. The rate coefficient for transitions from Rb 5 2P3/2 to 52P1/2 induced by helium ranges from 1.2 to 4.6 × 10–12 cm3 s−1 as temperature increases from 300–600 K. Remarkable agreement for the thermally average cross-sections is observed between the empirical, semi-classical perturbative, and quantum scattering theory approaches. In addition to collisions with 4He, new energy-dependent cross-sections for the K 42P mixing induced by 3He are reported using time-dependent channel packet scattering theory. The 3He rates are faster than for 4He due to both increased relative speed and more impulsive interactions. The fine-structure mixing rates in high-power Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers limit intensity scaling and are the primary source of heating. This heating induces spatial and temporal optical phase variations and accurate values for mixing rates as a function of temperature are critical for high fidelity laser modeling and simulation.