cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building as We Go: Secondary Schools, Community Colleges, and Universities in Partnership – The Early College High School Initiative

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of key informants about the processes of institutional change and collaboration involved in the development of three early college high schools (ECHS)s over a 4-year period. The 15 study participants were members of early college high school councils and included high school principals, counselors, community college administrators, and school district administrators. Participants were located at two early college high schools located on community college campuses, and one was located on a school district site. This mixed methods study used a survey and structured interviews, both based loosely on case studies from Not so easy going: The policy environments of small urban schools and schools-within-schools (Raywid & Schmerler, 2003) and factors identified by the Wilder Collaboration Inventory (Mattessich & Monsey, 1992) as critical to successful collaboration. The findings of the study showed that the ECHS partnership, according to the majori...
Quark self-energy in an ellipsoidally anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

We calculate the quark self-energy in a quark-gluon plasma that possesses an ellipsoidal momentum-space anisotropy in the local rest frame. By introducing additional transverse-momentum anisotropy parameters into the parton distribution functions, we generalize previous results which were obtained for the case of a spheroidal anisotropy. Our results demonstrate that the presence of anisotropies in the transverse directions affects the real and imaginary parts of quark self-energy and, consequently, the self-energy depends on both the polar and azimuthal angles in the local rest frame of the matter. Our results for the quark self-energy set the stage for the calculation of the effects of ellipsoidal momentum-space anisotropy on quark-gluon plasma photon spectra and collective flow.
On the systematic analysis of ring-delay performance using statistical behavior model

A simple statistical behavior ring-delay model is proposed for the first time. Based on this model, the correlation between FETs' DC drive currents and AC performance (e.g., delay of ring oscillators) under different scenarios in 32 nm process technology are systematically studied. The extracted model coefficients trend helps to gain deeper insight on the nodal voltage waveform and impacts of the FETs' DC/AC components. This model is proved to be a novel characterization technique and process monitor to bridge the AC-DC performance and provide guidelines in performance optimization.
Immune Therapies in Multiple Myeloma

Treatment paradigms have changed rapidly for multiple myeloma, and immune therapies have taken center stage. Advances in therapies for myeloma have led to a dramatic improvement in the survival of patients with this incurable malignancy. The immune system is significantly impaired in patients with myeloma as a result of the disease leading to suppression of normal plasma cells as well the negative effects on cellular immunity. Given this scenario, immune approaches have not been successful until recently. Monoclonal antibodies directed against CD38 (daratumumab) and SLAMF7 (elotuzumab) are already in the clinic, and several other antibodies directed against different plasma cell antigens are under evaluation. Although immune checkpoint inhibition with PD-1 inhibitors had no clinical efficacy when the inhibitors were used as single agents, it has led to some dramatic results when the inhibitors are combined with immunomodulatory drugs such as lenalidomide and pomalidomide. Vaccination strategies have shown in vivo immune responses but no clear clinical efficacy. Newer approaches to vaccination with multiple antigens, used in combinations with immunomodulatory drugs and in the setting of minimal residual disease, have all increased possibility of this approach succeeding. Ex vivo effector cell expansion also appears to be promising and is in clinical trials. Finally, a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell approach appears to have some promise based on isolated reports of success and remains an area of intense investigation. Immune-based approaches can potentially augment or even supplant some of the current approaches and, given the low toxicity profile, may hold great potential in the early treatment of precursor-stage diseases. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5453-60. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "MULTIPLE MYELOMA MULTIPLYING THERAPIES".
Acetylcholine Neurotransmission in CNS

The hippocampus and cerebral neocortex receive massive cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain. These projections arise predominantly within the nucleus basalis of Meynert, also known as the Ch4 cell group. The cholinergic projection of the cerebral cortex plays a major role in sustaining episodic memory, attention, and experience-induced neuroplasticity. Progressive neurofibrillary degeneration in the nucleus basalis can be seen throughout the continuum that leads from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The resultant perturbation of cortical cholinergic neurotransmission may contribute to the cognitive changes seen in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease.
Towards Full-System Energy-Accuracy Tradeoffs: A Case Study of An Approximate Smart Camera System

The intrinsic error resilience exhibited by emerging application domains enables a new dimension for energy optimization of computing systems, namely the introduction of a controlled amount of approximations during system operation in exchange for substantial energy savings. Prior work in the area of approximate computing has focused on individual subsystems of a computing system, e.g., the computational subsystem or the memory subsystem. Since they focus only on individual subsystems, these techniques are unable to exploit the large energy-saving opportunities that stem from adopting a full-system perspective and approximating multiple subsystems of a computing platform simultaneously in a coordinated manner. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to perform joint approximations across different subsystems, leading to significant energy benefits compared to approximating individual subsystems in isolation. We use the example of a smart camera system that executes various computer vision and image processing applications to illustrate how the sensing, memory, and processing subsystems can all be approximated synergistically. We have implemented such an approximate smart camera system using an Altera Stratix IV GX FPGA development board, a Terasic TRDBD5M 5 Megapixel camera module, and a 1GB DDR3 SODIMM module. Experimental results obtained using six application benchmarks demonstrate significant energy savings (around 7.5× on average) for minimal (< 1%) loss in application quality. Compared to approximating a single subsystem, the proposed full-system approximation methodology achieves additional energy benefits of 3.5× – 5.5× on average for minimal (< 1%) quality loss.
Estimating the Temperature Experienced by Biomass Particles during Fast Pyrolysis Using Microscopic Analysis of Biochars

Biomass particles can experience variable thermal conditions during fast pyrolysis due to differences in their size and morphology, and from local temperature variations within a reactor. These differences lead to increased heterogeneity of the chemical products obtained in the pyrolysis vapors and bio-oil. Here we present a simple, high-throughput method to investigate the thermal history experienced by large ensembles of particles during fast pyrolysis by imaging and quantitative image analysis. We present a correlation between the surface luminance (darkness) of the biochar particle and the highest temperature that it experienced during pyrolysis. Next, we apply this correlation to large, heterogeneous ensembles of char particles produced in a laminar entrained flow reactor (LEFR). The results are used to interpret the actual temperature distributions delivered by the reactor over a range of operating conditions.
Grain Sorghum and Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Response to Herbicide Programs and Agronomic Practices

Weed control remains a major challenge for economically viable grain sorghum production in the southeastern United States due to crop sensitivity to weed competition during early growth stages. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 to determine the effects of grain sorghum row spacing, population density, and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth control, crop growth, and grain yield. Treatments included row spacings of 19, 38, and 76 cm; grain sorghum population densities of 99,000, 198,000, 297,000, and 396,000 plants ha-1; and three herbicide programs: (1) a nontreated control, (2) S-metolachlor at 1,410 g ai ha-1 plus atrazine at 1,820 g ha-1 PRE, and (3) S-metolachlor at 1,070 g ha-1 plus atrazine at 1,380 g ha-1 PRE followed by 2,4 D at 330 g ha-1 POST. Palmer amaranth control benefited from the addition of a POST herbicide and from crop density≥297,000 plants ha-1. Under weedy conditions, Palmer amaranth density was not affected by narrower row spacing or increased crop density, whereas...
Desire, patriotism, and Sikh subjectivity

Post-9/11 era is marked by the resurgence of white American nationalisms across the country. Members of Arab, Muslim, Sikh, and South Asian communities experienced hate crimes, anti-immigrant sentiments, and government surveillance due to suspicions of being ‘terrorist-monsters’. Since 2001, Sikh advocacy groups participated in the nationalist discourse to express their desire for legitimacy as national subjects while distancing themselves from the ‘terrorist-other’. This article explores the politics embedded within the thrusts of these desires. I examine the disciplining nature of these groups and the possible ways they homogenize and foreclose Sikh subjectivities through a rather violent love for the nation.
Supporting Faculty Development in Hospital Medicine: Design and Implementation of a Personalized Structured Mentoring Program

The guidance of a mentor can have a tremendous influence on the careers of academic physicians. The lack of mentorship in the relatively young field of hospital medicine has been documented, but the efficacy of formalized mentorship programs has not been well studied. We implemented and evaluated a structured mentorship program for junior faculty at a large academic medical center. Of the 16 mentees who participated in the mentorship program, 14 (88%) completed preintervention surveys and 10 (63%) completed postintervention surveys. After completing the program, there was a statistically significant improvement in overall satisfaction within 5 specific domains: career planning, professional connectedness, self-reflection, research skills, and mentoring skills. All mentees reported that they would recommend that all hospital medicine faculty participate in similar mentorship programs. In this small, single-center pilot study, we found that the addition of a structured mentorship program based on training sessions that focus on best practices in mentoring was feasible and led to increased satisfaction in certain career domains among early-career hospitalists. Larger prospective studies with a longer follow-up are needed to assess the generalizability and durability of our findings.
Hepatitis C: A New Era

More than 2 million Americans are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and only about half are aware that they are infected. Primarily blood-borne, risk factors for the virus include injection or intranasal drug use, unregulated tattoos, incarceration, and blood transfusion before 1992. In addition, 75% of those with the virus were born between 1945 and 1965, thus making the baby-boomer cohort a population of screening interest. Because acute and early chronic HCV are often asymptomatic, screening of at-risk individuals is of utmost importance. Left untreated, HCV can go on to produce significant hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations.
Breakout Session: View from the Bleachers: Applied Skills in Finding and Using Free Media Resources. Presented by Barbara Waxer, Santa Fe Community College.

The purpose of copyright is to promote the creation of creative content; however, copyright confusion can make students and creators feel limited or intimidated from using media in their work. At the 2017 Kraemer Copyright Conference, Barbara Waxer presented a resourceful session about copyright and Creative Commons licensing through the eyes of information consumers and creators who in essence just want to know whether they can use a certain song, photo, or media source. Waxer’s breakout session highlighted the decision-making process for the copyright conscious by presenting easy-to-use flow charts and online resources that clearly explain Creative Commons licensing, with hopes that librarians can use these tools for teaching copyright at large.
The Practicality of Slavery in Latin America

Christopher Schmidt-Nowara's book, Slavery, Freedom, and Abolition in Latin America and the Atlantic World, addresses the fact that Latin America has always been a place of great struggles and triumphs. While inconsistency and danger have always had a stronghold in this place, serious traditions have developed as well. Slavery is one of the most apparent examples of this; an analysis of how it functioned is highly revealing of the historical past. Without it, the development of Latin America would have been far less productive. It was an economic gold mine that was integrated into society and that was why people clung to it so much. Slavery was so resilient in Latin America because it worked well and was a key component of Latin American identity that people did not want to give up. This is evident by analyzing the progression of slavery and its termination. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol14/iss1/12
Respiration-dependent calcium ion uptake by two preparations of cardiac mitochondria. Effects of palmitoyl-coenzyme A and palmitoylcarnitine on calcium ion cycling and nicotinamide nucleotide reduction state

Ca 2+ uptake and the effect of the uptake inhibitors palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoylcarnitine were examined in two preparations of dog cardiac mitochondria. Mitochondria prepared by using the Nagarse technique was 2.5-fold more active in respiration-dependent Ca 2+ uptake than were mitochondria isolated by using the Polytron procedure. Palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoylcarnitine inhibited Ca 2+ uptake in both preparations uncompetitively, with K i,app 0.4 and 20μm. Ca 2+ -uptake rates were related to, or influenced by, the concentration of mitochondrial reduced nicotinamide nucleotides, with uptake slowing as this concentration decreased. When most of the nicotinamide nucleotides was oxidized, Ca 2+ release and respiratory stimulation were observed. In the presence of Ruthenium Red and palmitoyl-CoA, oxidation of nicotinamide nucleotides was abolished and the time to Ca 2+ release was shortened corresponding to the time of onset of nicotinamide nucleotide oxidation in the absence of Ruthenium Red. The results suggest that NAD(P)H oxidation in the presence of rotenone was a consequence of Ca 2+ re-uptake and that net Ca 2+ release could be observed as reduced nicotinamide nucleotide concentrations declined. Although nicotinamide nucleotide oxidation occurred in the presence of rotenone, it was not linked in an apparent manner to acyl-group metabolism (palmitoylcarnitine was less effective than palmitoyl-CoA). Therefore either a by-pass of the rotenone block or a direct interaction of NAD(P)H with the Ca 2+ -uptake process was possible. Loss of NADH occurred before respiratory stimulation, and this loss may relate to decreased coupling efficiency at sites 2 and 3 of the respiratory chain, as suggested by others [Bhuvaneswaran & Wadkins (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 82 , 648–654].
Crystals and Carriers: The Chemical and Physiological Identification of Hemoglobin

I am very glad to be included in this volume of articles celebrating a landmark in the professional life of Martin Klein. As a historian of the life sciences, with a few footholds in history of chemistry, I have been uncertain that I could make a contribution fitting the scholarly interests of a preeminent historian of physics. Those who know him, however, know that Martin’s professional interests extend far beyond the field in which his own work has centered. For several years he and I taught together a seminar in the history of science designed for a small group of Freshmen in Yale College who intended to concentrate in science. That experience intensified my appreciation for the breadth, depth, and precision of his thought that I had already admired in his published writings and his lectures. I also saw at close range his enthusiasm for critical, imaginative intellectual activity in whatever domain it occurs. I hope that what I have to offer here in tribute to his achievements, to his integrity and to his long friendship, will meet at least his basic standards for scholarly endeavor.
Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase overproduction in hereditary hemolytic anemia

A marked tissue-specific increase in erythrocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity is associated with an autosomal dominantly inherited hemolytic anemia. We investigated the molecular basis of ADA overproduction by studying reticulocyte ADA mRNA from affected individuals. Analysis of proband reticulocyte ADA cDNA clones revealed normal sequence. RNase mapping demonstrated that the amount of ADA mRNA in affected reticulocytes was greater than the amount in normal B lymphoblasts, whereas ADA mRNA was undetectable in normal reticulocytes. The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of reticulocyte and B-lymphoblast ADA mRNAs from affected individuals were structurally indistinguishable from those of normal B lymphoblasts. Northern blot analysis performed under stringent hybridization and washing conditions confirmed a markedly increased amount of reticulocyte ADA mRNA in affected individuals as compared with controls. We conclude that the RBC-specific overexpression of ADA in this disorder occurs at the mRNA level.
Institutional Approaches to Implementing Fertility Preservation for Cancer Patients

With advances in cancer treatment, increasing numbers of patients are becoming long-term survivors. A concomitant interest in quality of life for cancer survivors has developed. For patients of childbearing age, reproductive capacity and the ability to build a family is a significant survivorship concern [1–3]. Unfortunately, many cancer treatments compromise fertility, reducing the likelihood that these men and women will be able to conceive or carry children naturally. Infertility can impact self-esteem, identity, and body image; complicate intimate relationships; devastate plans for parenthood; and cause significant, on-going distress [3–6].
IRAMUTEQ Software and Discursive Textual Analysis: Interpretive Possibilities

The presence of specialized software is becoming more and more intertwined with the procedures of data analysis in qualitative surveys. Therefore, the guiding question of this text was: In what way can the software analysis of qualitative data, IRAMUTEQ, contribute to the process of Discursive Textual Analysis? The topic was focused on technology in the context of the classroom. The objective was to identify analytical possibilities existing in the relationship between the IRAMUTEQ software and the method of Discursive Textual Analysis, with a view to the emergence of new interpretative pathways using technology in the classroom. The participants, subjects, were teachers joining the post-graduate degree (n = 40). The data collection instrument was an open questionnaire. The method for analyzing the data was Discursive Textual Analysis, in conjunction with an exploratory analyses using the IRAMUTEQ software. The software identified five textual classes based on the corpus of analysis, which in turn resulted in three definitive categories: (i) technologies for increased understanding between teachers and students; (ii) technologies to modify teaching practice; and (iii) technology for changes in school. Lastly, it is confirmed that the IRAMUTEQ software contributes to the methodological process of Discursive Textual Analysis, offering agility, new perspectives and rigour to qualitative textual data analysis.
The interaction mechanism of methylene blue and heparin in phosphate buffered saline (Conference Presentation)

We recently reported a real-time method to measure heparin in blood based on photoacoustic (PA) signal from methylene blue (MB). The PA enhancement was surprisingly accompanied by a decrease in absorbance. Here, we describe a mechanistic study of the MB-heparin binding in water and phosphate buffered saline. The addition of 0.79 mg/mL heparin decreased the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnitude of 0.90 mg/mL MB by 63% with a 0.25 ppm downshift—this indicated formation of MB aggregates due to π-π staking of MB. We also observed nanoscale MB/heparin aggregates under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Spectroscopic analysis of the isolated aggregates found that the percentage of MB inside the MB-heparin aggregate increased from 3.6% to 82.5% when heparin concentration was increased from 0.16 mg/mL to 0.79 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the photoacoustic intensity increased 25-fold. The signal increase was largely due to the aggregates rather than free MB in the solution. These trends suggested that the MB-heparin aggregation was responsible for the PA enhancement likely due to the decreased degrees of freedom for MB. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed MB dimer formation on heparin and indicated that electrostatic binding occurred between the central thiazine ring of MB and the sulfates and glucosamines in heparin via electrostatic interaction. These findings elucidate the binding process of MB and heparin and provide strategies for immobilizing MB-like molecules on implantable devices for intravascular heparin sensing.
A novel strategy to visualize vesicle‐bound kinesins reveals the diversity of kinesin‐mediated transport

In mammals, 15 to 20 kinesins are thought to mediate vesicle transport. Little is known about the identity of vesicles moved by each kinesin or the functional significance of such diversity. To characterize the transport mediated by different kinesins, we developed a novel strategy to visualize vesicle-bound kinesins in living cells. We applied this method to cultured neurons and systematically determined the localization and transport parameters of vesicles labeled by different members of the Kinesin-1, -2, and -3 families. We observed vesicle labeling with nearly all kinesins. Only six kinesins bound vesicles that undergo long-range transport in neurons. Of these, three had an axonal bias (KIF5B, KIF5C and KIF13B), two were unbiased (KIF1A and KIF1Bβ), and one transported only in dendrites (KIF13A). Overall, the trafficking of vesicle-bound kinesins to axons or dendrites did not correspond to their motor domain preference, suggesting that on-vesicle regulation is crucial for kinesin targeting. Surprisingly, several kinesins were associated with populations of somatodendritic vesicles that underwent little long-range transport. This assay should be broadly applicable for investigating kinesin function in many cell types.
Improvement of pulmonary sarcoidosis following sleeve gastrectomy

Pulmonary sarcoidosis is unlikely to resolve if it persists for greater than five years. A growing body of literature supports the involvement of the microbiome in sarcoidosis and a role for sex hormones in pulmonary fibrosis. Additionally, obesity is a risk factor for the development of sarcoidosis. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity and can lead to microbial and endocrine changes. Here, we report the clinical improvement of longstanding pulmonary sarcoidosis following sleeve gastrectomy.
Quantification and cancer risk evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil around selected telecom masts in Delta state Nigeria

Abstract T he objectives of this study is to provide empirical data on the concentrations, sources and human cancer risk through non dietary ingestion dermal contact and inhalations of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( 16-PAHs) in soils within the vicinity of telecom masts. Quantification of PAHs was by gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector. Across all sites, 16-PAHs were detected with individual mean PAH concentration range of 0,010 (Nap, Phe, Ant, Chr and I[123-cd]P) at site 9 (control) to 1.485 mg/kg (D[ah]A) at site 4. Also, the mean Ʃ16PAHs was highest in site 2 (10.622 mg/kg) and lowest at site 9 (0.236 mg/kg). The percentage occurrence of LPAHs and HPAHs are in range of 18.68 to 48.41% and 51.58 to 81.32% respectively. The source identification ratios show high and low temperature combustion processes as sources of PAHs. This could be from crankcase oils used in internal combustion engine and spilled diesel and oil from generator in these sites. The ILCR values through the non-dietary exposure routes are in the order of ingestion > dermal > inhalation. Analyses of variance also show significant variation (p < 0.05) in PAHs concentrations in respect to sites. The study found out that the cancer risk value for children was greater than adult value, and the total cancer risk values were higher than permissible limits, indicating potential for acute and chronic human cancer risk. The data generated in this study could serve as baseline reference for sitting and management of telecom masts.
Sparse Distribution System State Estimation: An Approximate Solution Against Low Observability

When it comes to distribution system state estimation (DSSE), limited network observability is a major concern, due to limited sensor deployment at practical power distribution systems. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel DSSE approach, based on sparse recovery for distribution networks with low-observability, where the measurements come from only a handful of distribution-level phasor measurement units. Here, the DSSE problem is formulated over differential synchrophasors, and in form of a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso), which is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Importantly, our solution method is dynamic, because it uses the state estimation results from the previous time slots in order to update the weights in the instances of the Lasso problem so as to enhance the DSSE performance.
Convergence Analysis of MCMC

One of the major issues that many practitioners run into when using MCMC is the slow convergence rate. While many MCMC methods have been shown to converge to the target distribution, the entire convergence largely depends upon the magnitude of the second largest eigenvalue of the transition matrix λslem. For this reason there are many bounds on the convergence rate of νKn based on this quantity. In this chapter some of the most useful of these bounds are derived and implemented. These bounds are studied through the application of randomly shuffling a deck of cards. Additionally, in order to speed up the convergence process, the concepts of trade map, bottleneck, and conductance are explained. Finally, the topics of path coupling and exact sampling are covered and an application of these methods to the Ising model is included.
Black Lives Matter protests and COVID-19 cases: relationship in two databases.

Background The coincidence of Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests with the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA has raised concerns about the safety of mass gatherings for political causes. This study examines two databases to probe any correlation between protests and increases of COVID-19 case rates afterward. Methods A BLM protest aggregator and a county-level COVID-19 database were crosswalked, matching the city that the protest occurred in with the county and its case rates at 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after the index protest, and was compared with a control county in the same state with the nearest match of population size and case rate at Week 0. Results In the 22 days after the killing of George Floyd, there were 326 counties participating in 868 protests, attended by an estimated 757 077 protestors. The median case rate at Week 3 was 0.0049 in protest counties versus 0.0041 in control counties, which was found to be statistically significant. Regression analysis found that each individual protestor contributed to the case rate by 7.65 × 10-9, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion Although the increase was statistically significant, it was very small in magnitude and likely due to limitations of significantly different population sizes in comparators.
Suicide and Suicide Attempts on Veterans Affairs Medical Center Outpatient Clinic Areas, Common Areas, and Hospital Grounds.

Objectives Few studies have analyzed suicide deaths and attempts occurring outside inpatient units on other hospital locations. We aimed to quantify and analyze suicide deaths and attempts occurring on Department of Veterans Affairs medical center outpatient clinic areas, common areas, and hospital grounds including parking lots to determine whether a relationship with access to mental health care exists and to elucidate potential mitigation strategies. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patient safety report (n = 3,186), root cause analysis (n = 234), and issue brief (n = 2,064) national databases between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, to identify occurrences of suicides and attempts. Correlation between mental health access times and hospital-specific rates of suicides and attempts was assessed. Qualitative analyses of root causes and mitigation strategies were conducted. Results Of 192 reports meeting our location criteria, 42 suicides or attempts occurred in outpatient clinic areas, 39 in common spaces, and 111 on outdoor facility areas. Forty-four reports (23%) pertained to suicides, and 148 (77%) pertained to attempts. The predominate methods were death by firearms (64%) and attempt by drug overdose (38%). We identified a weak yet significant relationship between mental health access times for established patients and rates of on-campus suicides and attempts (r = 0.279, P = 0.0013). Conclusions Clinical changes including environmental assessments and interventions, staff training on identifying suicide risk characteristics, policy changes toward improving contraband search techniques, and medications risk assessment, as well as timely access to care may be effective mitigation strategies toward preventing suicides of this nature.
Adaptive Fingerprinting: Website Fingerprinting over Few Encrypted Traffic

Website fingerprinting attacks can infer which website a user visits over encrypted network traffic. Recent studies can achieve high accuracy (e.g., 98%) by leveraging deep neural networks. However, current attacks rely on enormous encrypted traffic data, which are time-consuming to collect. Moreover, large-scale encrypted traffic data also need to be recollected frequently to adjust the changes in the website content. In other words, the bootstrap time for carrying out website fingerprinting is not practical. In this paper, we propose a new method, named Adaptive Fingerprinting, which can derive high attack accuracy over few encrypted traffic by leveraging adversarial domain adaption. With our method, an attacker only needs to collect few traffic rather than large-scale datasets, which makes website fingerprinting more practical in the real world. Our extensive experimental results over multiple datasets show that our method can achieve 89% accuracy over few encrypted traffic in the closed-world setting and 99% precision and 99% recall in the open-world setting. Compared to a recent study (named Triplet Fingerprinting), our method is much more efficient in pre-training time and is more scalable. Moreover, the attack performance of our method can outperform Triplet Fingerprinting in both the closed-world evaluation and open-world evaluation.
The effect of substrate on prey capture does not match natural substrate use in a wolf spider

Because habitats present different costs and benefits in contexts ranging from foraging to mating to predator avoidance, decisions about habitat use likely involve significant trade-offs across behavioural contexts. We examine this possibility in Schizocosa floridana, a cursorial wolf spider whose habitat consists of multiple substrates, including oak and pine litter, and sand. However, S. floridana restricts its use of habitat to oak litter. Substrate environments vary significantly in the degree to which they transmit visual and vibratory information. Previous work found that oak litter best transmits the substrate-borne vibrations that are critical to mating communication. However, oak litter may reduce the availability of visual information, which is known to be important for prey capture in other wolf spider species. Here, we test the relationship between substrate and prey capture efficiency in S. floridana. We examine substrate use in a foraging context via two laboratory-based experiments to (1) assess differences in prey capture efficiency among the three most common substrates in the field and to (2) determine which sensory modalities are involved in prey capture. We found that prey capture rates were highest on sand despite the fact that sand is the least used substrate by S. floridana in the wild. We also found no conclusive evidence that either the visual or the vibratory sensory modalities are critical for prey capture. Our results thus suggest that strict habitat specialization such as that exhibited by S. floridana is beneficial in some ecological contexts but costly in others.
A longitudinal trait-state model of attentional control: Implications for repetitive negative thinking.

Abstract Background Attentional control refers to the ability to direct, focus, and shift attention voluntarily, and poor attentional control may confer risk for various affective disorders by increasing repetitive negative thinking. Although attentional control has been described as a trait, it is unclear if it is a time-varying (TV) or state-like factor versus a time-invariant (TI) or trait-like personality characteristic. Methods In a 6-wave, 5-month longitudinal study, community participants (n = 1,251) completed the Attentional Control Scale (Derryberry & Reed, 2002), the most commonly used measure of attentional control that includes two components: Focusing and Shifting. A latent variable (trait-state-occasion) model was applied to the two components. Results The results showed that although estimates of TI factor variance and TV factor variance were both significant for Focusing and Shifting, the proportion of TI factor variance (0.81, 0.77) was significantly greater than the amount of TV factor variance (0.18, 0.22). Furthermore, although TV factor stability was statistically significant for Focusing and Shifting, the size of the coefficients was small to moderate in magnitude. In predicting latent repetitive negative thinking at each of the six time points, regression weights for the attentional control TI factor were significant and larger than those for the TV factor (which were generally not significant). Limitations Relatively short timeframe of 5 months and exclusive reliance on self-report measures. Conclusions These findings suggest that self-reported attentional control is largely TI and that it is this TI component that predicts repetitive negative thinking.
Water Distribution Nodal Demand Clustering Based on Network Flow Measurements

AbstractThe estimation of nodal water demands for water distribution systems has been extensively researched over the last decades. However, demand estimation performance is dependent on selected n...
Polymer skulls with integrated transparent electrode arrays for cortex-wide opto-electrophysiological recordings

Electrophysiology and optical imaging provide complementary neural sensing capabilities; electrophysiological recordings have the highest temporal resolution, while optical imaging allows recording the activities of genetically defined populations at high spatial resolution. Combining these complementary, yet orthogonal modalities to perform simultaneous large-scale, multimodal sensing of neural activity across multiple brain regions would be very powerful. Here we show that transparent, inkjet-printed electrocorticography (ECoG) electrode arrays can be seamlessly integrated with morphologically conformant transparent polymer skulls for multimodal recordings across the cortex. These eSee-Shells, were implanted on transgenic mice expressing the Ca2+ indicator GCaMP6f in cortical excitatory cells and provided a robust opto-electrophysiological interface for over 100 days. eSee-Shells enable simultaneous mesoscale Ca2+ imaging and ECoG acquisition under anesthesia as well as in awake animals presented with sensory stimuli. eSee-Shells further show sufficient clarity and transparency to observe single-cell Ca2+ signals directly below the electrodes and interconnects. Simultaneous multimodal measurement of cortical dynamics reveals changes in both ECoG and Ca2+ signals that depend on the behavioral state.
THE EFFECT OF PROBE LOCATION ON A MODEL WAVE RESISTANCE SURVEY ALONG A LONGITUDINAL CUT

Longitudinal-cut wave survey experiments using lateral wave slope data and wave height data were carried out on a Series 60, 0.60-block model in the Webb Model Tank. The results in each case show a dependence on the lateral distance of the wave cut away from the model at the higher Froude numbers (speeds) tested. Consistently lower results were obtained when using lateral wave slope data compared with those obtained when using wave height data. A discussion of possible causes of these findings is given.
Immigration and Conflict in Europe

Part I: 1. Introduction 2. A theory of immigrant conflict Part II: 3. Patterns of immigrant conflict in Great Britain 4. Dynamics of racist violence Part III: 5. Immigrant-native conflict in two London boroughs 6. Two faces of immigrant conflict in two Midlands cities Part IV: 7. Economic integration, political exclusion, and immigrant conflict in Germany 8. Immigration and conflict across countries 9. Conclusion.
Fusion protein-based epitope mapping of phytochrome. Precise identification of an evolutionarily conserved domain.

Abstract Fusion proteins are used to define with precision an evolutionarily conserved domain on the carboxyl-terminal portion of the chromoprotein phytochrome. Simultaneously, assignments of two other epitopes are made with significantly greater precision, while the location of a fourth is confirmed. The epitope-mapping method that is described here is systematic, using complementary, overlapping nested sets of fusion proteins of predefined sequence rather than randomly generated peptides. Moreover, in contrast to previous methods, this approach yields rigorous and unambiguous assignments because it relies solely upon the ability of an antibody to detect a given polypeptide. A cDNA fragment encoding phytochrome amino acids 464-1129, which is its carboxyl terminus, was identified in lambda gt11 and subcloned in frame into the lacZ alpha sequence of pUC18. Four nested sets of subclones in pUC18 were created by digestion with selected restriction endonucleases and with the exonuclease Bal31. Fusion proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The epitope for monoclonal antibody Oat-13 was confirmed to be between residues 551 and 617, while the epitopes for Oat-8 and Oat-28 were narrowed to 624-686 and 624-747, respectively. The epitope recognized by Pea-25, Pea-2, and Oat-15 was resolved unequivocally to a sequence of only seven residues (residues 765-771): N-Pro-Ile-Phe-Gly-Ala-Asp-Glu-C.
Optimal reliability over a DMC with feedback via deterministic sequential coding

This paper considers the problem of variable-length coding over a discrete memoryless channel (DMC) with noiseless feedback. Using Extrinsic Jensen-Shannon divergence, a deterministic coding scheme is proposed and is shown to achieve the optimal reliability function (also known as the error exponent). The proposed coding scheme has only one phase, in contrast to all previous coding schemes which required two different phases of operation to achieve the optimal error exponent.
Interleukin-1-mediated PGE2 production and sphingomyelin metabolism : evidence for the regulation of cyclooxygenase gene expression by sphingosine and ceramide

We recently demonstrated that sphingosine enhances interleukin-1 beta (IL-1)-mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in human dermal fibroblasts (Ballou, L. R., Barker, S. C., Postlethwaite, A. E., and Kang, A. H. (1990) J. Immunol. 145, 4245-4251). Because sphingosine and ceramide are interconvertable, we extended previous studies by treating cells with C2-ceramide (C2-cer), a membrane-soluble analogue of ceramide, and found that C2-cer stimulates IL-1-mediated PGE2 production to the same degree as sphingosine. In an effort to elucidate the mechanistic basis by which sphingosine and C2-cer affect PGE2 production, we examined the effect of these molecules on the expression of genes encoding cyclooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.1, Cox) and phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4, PLA2), the rate-limiting enzymes in PGE2 biosynthesis. We found that sphingosine and C2-cer treatment resulted in an 8-fold induction of Cox mRNA within 1-2 h which declined thereafter; concomitant changes in Cox protein were also observed. In contrast, expression of phospholipase A2 remained unaltered. We also found that IL-1-mediated PGE2 production was dramatically enhanced in cells treated simultaneously with sphingomyelinase which led us to directly test the effect of IL-1 on sphingomyelin turnover. IL-1 treatment induced the hydrolysis of a significant fraction of prelabeled sphingomyelin which was accompanied by increased levels of intracellular ceramide. Taken together, our results suggest that enhanced Cox expression may account for the observed enhancement of IL-1-mediated PGE2 production by sphingosine and C2-cer. These data also suggest that endogenous sphingomyelin metabolites, generated in response to IL-1, may play an important role in IL-1 signal transduction.
ANALYTIC CONTINUATION OF MULTIPLE ZETA FUNCTIONS

In this paper we shall define the analytic continuation of the mul- tiple (Euler-Riemann-Zagier) zeta functions of depth d: 1 ~~~~~~~d
Adolescent Attitudes toward Victim Precipitation of Rape

Adolescents have high rates of rape victimization and offending compared to other age groups, yet few studies have examined predictors of rape-supportive attitudes among adolescents. Drawing from Burt's (1980) study of rape myth acceptance among adults, this study tests a path analytic model of adolescent attitudes about victim precipitation of rape, using a sample of 1393 cases from the National Youth Survey (NYS) (Elliott, Ageton, Huizinga, Knowles, & Cantor, 1983). LISREL (Joreskeg & Sorbom, 1988) estimation procedures are applied. Results show direct effects of sociocultural influences on an individual's level of rape myth acceptance, but demonstrate some interesting gender differences. Findings also reveal indirect effects of age, race, and socioeconomic status on attitudes toward rape, which operate through traditional gender role stereo-typing. Educating young adolescents about the nature of rape and the rights and roles of women are logical points of intervention to decrease acceptance of rape myths that target the victim.
Think manager, think male? Heterosexuals’ stereotypes of gay and lesbian managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the “think manager, think male” research paradigm by examining managerial stereotypes as a function of both gender and sexual orientation, thus comparing the similarity of managerial stereotypes against the stereotypes of male (heterosexual and gay) and female (heterosexual and lesbian) managers. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 163 heterosexual participants used the 92-item Descriptive Index attribute inventory to rate one of five target groups: successful managers, heterosexual male managers, heterosexual female managers, gay male managers, and lesbian female managers. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the degree of correspondence between ratings of the target groups. Findings – The findings showed a higher correspondence between the descriptions of heterosexual male or female managers and the successful manager prototype than between the descriptions of gay male managers and the successful manager prototype. Additionall...
Invited Editorial on “Ventilatory effects of glial dysfunction in a rat brain stem chemoreceptor region”

studies from about 1955 to 1990 led to major conclusions on the anatomic site and physiological role of intracranial CO2/H+chemoreceptors ([5][1], [11][2]). These chemoreceptors were thought to be restricted to discrete areas near the rostral (Mitchell’s area) and caudal (Loeschke’s area)
A Comparison of Performance in a Surface Wiring Task Using Laboratory and Plant Subjects

Industrial surface wiring tasks, in which operators read from an instruction sheet and wire accordingly, involve processing of a considerable amount of information (20–30 bits/stimulus). Two groups of subjects, one inexperienced laboratory trained and the other experienced plant operators, participated in an experiment comprising both single and multimove tasks. Significant group effects were observed on both the tasks. Two main differences were observed between the plant and the laboratory subjects. The plant subjects were slower but more accurate in performing the multimove task. The second difference was that the laborabory subjects were performing similarly on both the tasks, their performance time being a linear function of input information. On the contrary, the plant subjects did not view multimove tasks as an extension of the single move tasks. Their processing rates for the single and multimove tasks were radically different.
Characterization of Hexsyn, a polyolefin rubber.

Hexsyn is the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company tradename for a polyolefin rubber synthesized from 1-hexene with 3-5% methylhexadiene as the source of residual double bonds for vulcanization. Under license from Goodyear, this same polymer has been manufactured by Lord Corporation for the hinge portion of finger joint prostheses using the tradename Bion. This rubber is currently licensed to the University of Akron and to the Cleveland Clinic Foundation for use in biomedical applications, and is being used primarily for biocompatible and highly fatigue resistant rubber components in ventricular assist and artificial heart systems. Results are presented from the physical, mechanical, and biological characterization of Hexsyn.Procedures are described for the synthesis, compounding, and post-molding extraction for Hexsyn. The physical testing of Hexsyn reported includes determinations of its density at 23 and 37°C, initial hardness and hardness after aging in oxygen, blood, pseudoextracellular fluid and polyeth...