cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Projections of the hippocampus to the septal area in the squirrel monkey

Summary An experiment was performed to determine the projections of the anterior, central, and posterior regions of hippocampus to the septum in the squirrel monkey. Lesions were placed in each of these regions of hippocampus in 18 animals. Survival times varied from 5 to 7 days. Tissues were stained principally by the Fink-Heimer I method for identification of degenerating axons and their terminals. Following lesions which destroyed one or more fields of the anterior third of hippocampus degenerating axons were traced through the fimbria and fornix to the lateral septal area where dense quantities of terminal degeneration were observed. Smaller quantities of terminal degeneration were noted in the nucleus accumbens as well. After lesions of the middle third of hippocampus terminal degeneration was observed in an intermediolateral position within the septum. Following lesions of the posterior third of hippocampus degenerating terminals were observed in the area of the medial septum. All regions of hippocampus send fibers to the nucleus of the diagonal band and to the olfactory tubercle. These findings indicate that in the primate the projection to the septum from the hippocampus is topographically organized along its longitudinal axis in a manner that links the anterior hippocampus to the lateral septum and the posterior hippocampus to the medial septum.
A Smart Image-Based Cloud Detection System for Intrahour Solar Irradiance Forecasts

AbstractThis study proposes an automatic smart adaptive cloud identification (SACI) system for sky imagery and solar irradiance forecast. The system is deployed using off-the-shelf fish-eye cameras that offer substantial advantages in terms of cost when compared to industry-standard sky imagers. SACI uses a smart image categorization (SIC) algorithm that combines the sky images and solar irradiance measurements to classify sky conditions into three categories: clear, overcast, and partly cloudy. A cloud detection scheme, optimized for each image category, is used to quantify cloud cover from the sky images. SACI is optimized and validated against manually annotated images. Results show that SACI achieves overall classification accuracy higher than 90% and outperforms reference cloud detection methods. Cloud cover retrieved by SACI is used as an input for an artificial neural network (ANN) model that predicts 1-min average global horizontal irradiance (GHI), 5-, 10-, and 15-min ahead of time. The performan...
Determination of monoterpene hydrocarbons and alcohols in Majorana hortensis Moench by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatographic.

Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography was used to determine the essential oils obtained by steam distillation of different samples of marjoram (Majorana hortensis Moench) dried leaves and flowers. The electrophoretic method consisted of a running buffer of 10 mM NaH2PO4, 6 mM Na2B4O7, 50 mM SDS, 7 mM γ-cyclodextrin, and 10% acetonitrile, adjusted to pH 8.0 by the addition of 0.1 M H3PO4. The following monoterpene hydrocarbons and alcohol compounds were extracted from real samples and determined by the method proposed: α-pinene, γ-terpinene, α-terpinene, terpinolene, p-cymene, linalool, α-terpineol, and terpinen-4-ol. The most prominent component of dried leaves, flowers, and commercial samples was terpinen-4-ol in four of the samples analyzed; only in one sample was α-terpineol present as the major compound. Keywords: Majorana hortensis Moench; essential oil; micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography; monoterpene hydrocabons and alcohols
Autostoichiometric vapor deposition: Part I. Theory

The possibility of an autostoichiometric vapor deposition is explored. Heterometal-organic complexes such as double alkoxides are potential candidate precursors for such deposition. Two reaction schemes, the hydrolysis-assisted pyrolysis and the hydrolysis-polycondensation of double alkoxides, are identified to be autostoichiometric reactions. A simple low-pressure apparatus is suggested for autostoichiometric vapor deposition. Mass-flow analysis allows for the identification of a nonstoichiometry factor K which can be used as a quantitative measure of the precursor’s autostoichiometric capability.
Shape control of near‐field probes using dynamic meniscus etching

Dynamic etching methods for fabricating fibre optic tips are explored and modelled. By vertically translating the fibre during etching by an HF solution under an organic protective layer, a variety of tip shapes were created. The probe taper lengths, cone angles and geometrical probe shapes were measured in order to evaluate the dynamic meniscus etching process. Fibre motion, etching rate, meniscus distortion and etching time were all found to be important variables that can be used to control the final probe shape.
Racial Socialization Practices Among African American Fathers: A Profile-Oriented Approach

Employing a latent profile analytic approach, this investigation identified racial socialization patterns among African American fathers. In addition, this study explored whether profiles varied by father and child sociodemographic characteristics. Participants were 166 African American fathers (M 32.20, SD 8.26) of adolescents (M 12.60, SD 2.20). Analyses revealed that a 5-cluster solution fit the data most optimally. Identified profiles were (a) infrequent racial socializers, (b) negative racial socializers, (c) positive racial socializers, (d) low race salience socializers, and (e) race salience socializers. Results provided partial support for sociodemographic variation across racial socialization. Implications for multidimensional perspectives on African American fathers’ racial socialization practices are discussed.
Exon truncation by alternative splicing of murine ICAM-1

The murine gene for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) encodes multiple products, arising from alternative splicing. Full-length ICAM-1 contains five extracellular Ig domains, each encoded ...
Folk healing among Hispanic Americans.

Numerous Hispanics of low socioeconomic status come from the countryside of underdeveloped countries to the industrialized cities of the United States. Because they are becoming the largestminority in this country, health professionals should be aware of their cultural differences when evaluating or treating them to eliminate the risk of misinterpreting non only their symptoms but their response to treatment.
Assessing osteolysis with use of high-throughput protein chips.

Background: Previous studies of bone resorption around failed joint replacements have focused on a limited number of cytokines, primarily tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6, with use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry techniques. In this study, we utilized high-throughput protein chips to profile twenty-nine inflammatory cytokines around failed total joint replacements. Methods: Peri-implant granulomatous tissues were harvested from around the failed total hip prostheses of thirteen patients. Synovial lining capsular tissues from thirteen patients with end-stage degenerative joint disease were used as controls. After homogenization, twenty-nine cytokines were quantified with use of high-throughput protein chips. Results: IL-6 and IL-8 were found consistently in failed joint replacement tissues, reaffirming their prominent role in osteoclastogenesis and end-stage bone resorption. High levels of interferon-γ-inducible protein of 10 kDa (IP-10) and monokine induced by interferon-y (MIG), both chemoattractants of activated Th1 lymphocytes, were also detected. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β 1 ) were not detected universally, nor were TNF-a or IL-1. After a twenty-four-hour organ culture, IL-1β levels increased substantially along with those of other mediators. We measured but did not detect any activators of cytotoxic T-cells, antibody-producing B-cells, or eosinophils involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity. Variations from patient to patient were seen across all cytokines and highlight the unique response of individual patients to their joint replacements. Conclusions: In failed total joint replacements in patients with end-stage osteolysis, IL-6 and IL-8 may be the primary drivers of osteoclastogenesis. The presence of IP-10 and MIG imply a role for T-cells, while TGF-β 1 and sICAM may represent a systemic attempt to modulate the inflammation. TNF-a and IL-1 do not appear to play a major role in the end stages of the disease. Clinical Relevance: These results demonstrate that proteomic tools can provide a foundation for understanding the cytokine-driven osteolysis cascade and a base from which to identify and evaluate potential targets for blockage or augmentation.
HPV16 antibodies as risk factors for oropharyngeal cancer and their association with tumor HPV and smoking status.

summary Background: Antibodies (Abs) to the HPV16 proteome increase risk for HPV-associated OPC (HPVOPC). The goal of this study was to investigate the association of a panel of HPV16 Abs with risk for OPC as well as the association of these Abs with tumor HPV and smoking status among patients with OPC. Methods: IgG Abs to the HPV16 antigens E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7, L1, L2 were quantified using a programmable ELISA assay. Sera were obtained from 258 OPC patients at diagnosis and 250 healthy controls. HPV16 tumor status was measured by PCR for 137 cases. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for the association of HPV16 Abs with risk for OPC. Results: HPV16 E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7 and L1-specific IgG levels were elevated in OPC patients compared to healthy controls (p < 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, Ab positivity for NE2, CE2, E6, and/or E7 was associated with OPC risk (OR [95% CI], 249.1 [99.3–624.9]). Among patients with OPC, Ab positivity for these antigens was associated with tumor HPV status, especially among never or light smokers (OR [95% CI], 6.5 [2.1–20.1] and OR [95% CI], 17.5 [4.0–77.2], respectively). Conclusions: Antibodies to HPV16 proteins are associated with increased risk for HPVOPC. Among patients with OPC, HPV16 Abs are associated with tumor HPV status, in particular among HPV positive patients with no or little smoking history.
Frequency Modulation and Spatiotemporal Stability of the sCPG in Preterm Infants with RDS.

The nonnutritive suck (NNS) is an observable and accessible motor behavior which is often used to make inference about brain development and pre-feeding skill in preterm and term infants. The purpose of this study was to model NNS burst compression pressure dynamics in the frequency and time domain among two groups of preterm infants, including those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS, N=15) and 17 healthy controls. Digitized samples of NNS compression pressure waveforms recorded at a 1-week interval were collected 15 minutes prior to a scheduled feed. Regression analysis and ANOVA revealed that healthy preterm infants produced longer NNS bursts and the mean burst initiation cycle frequencies were higher when compared to the RDS group. Moreover, the initial 5 cycles of the NNS burst manifest a frequency modulated (FM) segment which is a significant feature of the suck central pattern generator (sCPG), and differentially expressed in healthy and RDS infants. The NNS burst structure revealed significantly lower spatiotemporal index values for control versus RDS preterm infants during FM, and provides additional information on the microstructure of the sCPG which may be used to gauge the developmental status and progression of oromotor control systems among these fragile infants.
Progression of mitral annulus calcification to caseous necrosis of the mitral valve: complementary role of multi-modality imaging.

A 66-year-old male was found on echocardiography to have an echogenic discrete mass in the region of posterior mitral valve annulus ( Panels A – D ). In order to evaluate this area further, a cardiac MRI ( Panels E and F ) was performed and demonstrated a 20 × 20 mm mass in …
A Probability Sample for Monitoring the HIV-infected Population in Care in the U.S. and in Selected States

Epidemiologic and clinical changes in the HIV epidemic over time have presented a challenge to public health surveillance to monitor behavioral and clinical factors that affect disease progression and HIV transmission. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a supplemental surveillance project designed to provide representative, population-based data on clinical status, care, outcomes, and behaviors of HIV-infected persons receiving care at the national level. We describe a three-stage probability sampling method that provides both nationally and state-level representative estimates. In stage-I, 20 states, which included 6 separately funded cities/counties, were selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. PPS sampling was also used in stage-II to select facilities for participation in each of the 26 funded areas. In stage-III, patients were randomly selected from sampled facilities in a manner that maximized the possibility of having overall equal selection probabilities for every patient in the state or city/county. The sampling methods for MMP could be adapted to other research projects at national or sub-national levels to monitor populations of interest or evaluate outcomes and care for a range of specific diseases or conditions.
Control of selectivity in heterogeneous catalysis by tuning nanoparticle properties and reactor residence time

A combination of the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis could enable the development of sustainable catalysts with novel reactivity and selectivity. Although heterogeneous catalysts are often recycled more easily than their homogeneous counterparts, they can be difficult to apply in traditional organic reactions and modification of their properties towards a desired reactivity is, at best, complex. In contrast, tuning the properties of homogeneous catalysts by, for example, modifying the ligands that coordinate a metal centre is better understood. Here, using olefin cyclopropanation reactions catalysed by dendrimer-encapsulated Au nanoclusters as examples, we demonstrate that changing the dendrimer properties allows the catalytic reactivity to be tuned in a similar fashion to ligand modification in a homogeneous catalyst. Furthermore, we show that these heterogeneous catalysts employed in a fixed-bed flow reactor allow fine control over the residence time of the reactants and thus enables the control over product distribution in a way that is not easily available for homogeneous catalysts.
Strategic brand venturing: the corporation as entrepreneur

Purpose – This paper aims to outline a corporate entrepreneurship growth strategy for large consumer packaged goods (CPG) firms that involves venturing with brand entrepreneurs to access innovative or disruptive new brands called “strategic brand venturing” (SBV).Design/methodology/approach – An emerging development among large CPG firms known for their branding and marketing prowess has been to create dedicated brand/consumer venturing units (e.g. Coca‐Cola; PG Nestle; Clorox; General Mills; Unilever) as a means of enlarging their innovation boundaries. As president of an SBV unit for The Coca‐Cola Company, the author notes this recent development and opportunity. He provides a descriptive account of its nature, strategic value, and organizational considerations.Research implications – Researchers are encouraged to empirically examine this new option in further depth.Practical implications – The capabilities and organizational considerations involved in establishing an SBV unit are briefly outlined.Ori...
Gate matrix partitioning

An algorithm is presented which partitions a gate matrix into a number of matrices such that the total area and the aspect ratio of the circumscribing rectangle are improved. The algorithm is based on the min-cut algorithm. The gain function and the balance condition are redefined for the gate matrix problem. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(t)+O( mod N/sub I/ mod /sup 2/), where t is the number of gate-net intersections, and N/sub I/ the subset of nets that intersect long gates. A novel gate-sequencing algorithm, designed for assigning gates in the partitioned gate matrices simultaneously, is introduced. By using the simultaneous-gate-sequencing algorithm, the partitioned gate matrices are connected by sharing gates. Since the same column is used for a gate shared by adjacent matrices, the layout does not require extra routing area. Experimental results show significant improvement over the layout without partition. For the three examples used in a previous paper, the area reduction ranges from 11-41%. The aspect ratio improves from 2.63, 4.00, and 2.59 to 1.04, 1.22, and 1.28, respectively. >
Active pebbles: a programming model for highly parallel fine-grained data-driven computations

A variety of programming models exist to support large-scale, distributed memory, parallel computation. These programming models have historically targeted coarse-grained applications with natural locality such as those found in a variety of scientific simulations of the physical world. Fine-grained, irregular, and unstructured applications such as those found in biology, social network analysis, and graph theory are less well supported. We propose Active Pebbles, a programming model which allows these applications to be expressed naturally; an accompanying execution model ensures performance and scalability.
Who Belongs?: Competing Conceptions of Political Membership

This article presents a new set of analytical tools for understanding competing conceptions of political membership. Controversies concerning nationality and citizenship are often seen as products of conflict between `civic' and `ethnic' visions. However, the conceptual roots of current discussions and disagreements about political membership are actually more complicated than this might suggest. After examining the dichotomy of civic and ethnic and its limitations, this article identifies five competing ways of understanding the meaning of belonging to, or being a citizen of, a given polity. Political membership may be understood and discussed as a matter of descent from common biological ancestors, cultural attachment, or identification with particular political principles. Alternatively, it may also be imagined either as an exchange of rights for duties or as a benefit granted to those contributing materially to the community. Each of these conceptions figures significantly in current political and int...
The Effect of Temperature Treatments on Growth and the Metabolism of Ribonucleic Acid in Relation to Cell Division and Cell Elongation of Pisum sativum Roots

We observed the effects of a range of temperatures on root elongation, cell production, total RNA in the root tip, and changes in various nucleic acid fractions in dividing and elongating areas of pea roots. High temperatures affected elongation of roots more adversely than cell production. In the tip section of the root, growth was positively associated with a decrease in the first soluble RNA peak that eluted from a MAK column, and with an increase in ribosomal RNA. There was no similar change in these RNA fractions in the elongating area of the pea root. In pulse type tests sRNA-1 labeled first and the isotype was depleted upon subsequent growth. The specific activity of sRNA-1 and the depletion of the radioactivity was not nearly so great in the elongating as in the dividing portion of the pea root.
Collaborating on Multi-Party Information Systems Development Projects: A Collective Reflection-in-Action View

Growth of business-to-consumer (B2C) applications such as electronic storefronts, catalogues, and customer support websites has drawn a great number of diverse stakeholders into the IS Development (ISD) practice. Marketing, strategy, and graphic design specialists have joined a variety of technical professionals and business stakeholders in developing B2C applications. Oftentimes, these professionals work for different organizations with different histories, cultures, and reward structures. A longitudinal qualitative field study of a B2C application development project was undertaken in order to build an in-depth understanding of the collaborative practices of diverse professionals in ISD projects. The paper proposes that the multi-party collaborative practice can be understood as a A¢Â¬ÂScollective reflection-in-actionA¢Â¬Â? cycle through which an IS design emerges as a result of agents producing, sharing, and reflecting upon material objects. Agents from diverse backgrounds exert different influences over emergent designs depending on their organization, profession, and project involvement-based power relations. These power relations shape whether collaborators A¢Â¬ÂSadd toA¢Â¬Â? A¢Â¬ÂSignore,A¢Â¬Â? or A¢Â¬ÂSchallengeA¢Â¬Â? the work produced by others. In turn, agentsA¢Â¬Â" actions either reinforce or transform existing power relations depending on who gets to claim credit for and ownership of the emergent design. Implications for the study of boundary objects, team diversity, organizational learning, and contemporary ISD are drawn.
Pension Accounting: Funding Costs And Liabilities Of Corporate Pension Plans

Overall, pension plan assets analyzed in this study appear strong. They have excellent overall funding and unfunded vested liabilities would require less time to fund currently than in 1978. Pension expense per employee have been increasing, but at very nominal rates. And although the companies with the highest profits may not be the companies with the highest pension expenses, average pension expenses for most categories decreased. Currently unfunded vested liabilities are low relative to both pre-tax profits and net worth. Again, a number of points should be kept in mind when looking at these analysis and trends. Industry categories had small sample sizes. The sample sizes increase when companies are lumped into ranking categories making the data more representative. The overall trends include sample sizes of approximately 90, an acceptable number for statistical analysis. Also, some of the trends could be clouded by definitions of assets, liabilities, and income which differ from the 1978 study. However, after examining basic similarities between the studies and noting the strength of certain trends, the above mentioned conclusions appear warranted.
Synthesis and accumulation of a receptor regulatory protein associated with lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells

Synthesis and accumulation of the recently iden- tified prostaglandin F 2 a receptor regulatory protein (FPRP) was found to correlate closely with lipid droplet accumula- tion by 3T3-L1 preadipose cells. FPRP, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has been shown to regulate the binding of ligand to certain seven-transmembrane receptors. Anti- FPRP immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and meta- bolic labeling/immunoprecipitation experiments demon- strated that FPRP was not detectable in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, low levels of FPRP mRNA were detected in the undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells. After induc- tion of adipose differentiation, FPRP mRNA increased , 3 fold whereas FPRP synthesis increased , 50 fold. Differen- tiation induction with either dexamethasone/insulin/isobu- tylmethylxanthine or the thiazolidinedione derivative ADD 4743 were both effective at inducing FPRP accumulation and accumulation of lipid droplets. By co-immunohisto- chemical and lipid staining, greater than 99% of the cells ac- cumulating lipid droplets possessed FPRP. FPRP mRNA and protein are also found in rat adipose tissue. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with an FPRP anti-sense oligonucleotide during differentiation decreased FPRP accumulation and resulted in a decrease in lipid droplets without altering the level of induction of a late marker of adipocyte differentia- tion, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Transient expression of an FPRP cDNA in undifferentiated 3T3-L1 cells was insufficient to induce lipid droplet accumula- tion.— Orlicky, D. J., J. G. Lieber, C. L. Morin, and R. M. Evans. Synthesis and accumulation of a receptor regulatory protein associated with lipid droplet accumulation in 3T3- L1 cells. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 1152-1161.
Inclusion Body Myositis

Inclusion body myositis is an insidious, slowly progressive myopathy of middle-aged and older individuals. Because of these characteristics, diagnosis is often delayed. Affected muscle is marked by the presence of rimmed vacuoles, inclusions, and an inflammatory infiltrate largely made up of CD8 T lymphocytes and macrophages. The inclusions contain beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau protein, as well as other components. Theories of the pathogenesis of this disorder of older individuals include those based on evidence of the unfolded protein response leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress, abnormalities of proteosomal degradative function, mitochondrial dysfunction, the immune response, and amyloid toxicity. There is no proven, reliably effective medication for this disorder.
Echocardiographic Imaging of the Mitral Valve for Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair

Echocardiography continues to be the most effective imaging tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of mitral valve disease. This review addresses the use of transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography in the planning and guidance of transcatheter mitral valve therapies. Many of the echo-imaging guidance techniques are applicable to transcatheter intervention as a whole. However, given that the MitraClip is the only device approved for mitral regurgitation at present, specific attention is paid to this procedure, with additional focus on the guidance of noncentral repair. The imaging techniques discussed will be applicable to future devices.
Disposable Plastic and Reusable Glass Hemacytometers for Cell Counts

A comparison study between the standard glass hemacytometer and a disposable plastic cell counting slide was conducted. One hundred eleven body fluids and 77 whole-blood specimens were counted in parallel by the two manual methods. Excellent correlation was found in red blood cell counts (slope=1.00, r=0.99, n=94), white blood cell counts (slope=0.89, r=0.99, n=96), and platelet counts (slope=0.99, r=0.93, n=68) over a wide range of clinically significant values. The disposable plastic hemacytometer was found to be a useful alternative to the standard glass hemacytometer and offered the additional advantage of reducing technologist exposure to potentially infectious patient specimens.
Individual discount rates forecast county-level unemployment change

ABSTRACTWe use a national survey to estimate individuals’ discount rates for job creation in the community and test whether impatience for jobs is associated county-level unemployment change outcomes in subsequent years. Our results suggest that impatience for jobs is a possible forecast variable for future modelling efforts. To explore whether the impatience effect is general or simply limited to attitudes about local job creation, the same survey asked about discount rates for local amenity development and personal financial windfall. We find that job growth discount rates perform best for forecasting.
Role of monomer structure and compressibility on the properties of multicomponent polymer blends and solutions

The lattice cluster theory of corrections to Flory-Huggins theory is applied to binary compressible blends (at a pressure of one atmosphere) that are formed by polymers having structured monomers. Calculations are performed in the high molecular weight limit for the dependence of the small angle neutron scattering effective interaction parameter χ eff on composition Φ1, monomer structure, microscopic interaction energies, and temperature. The limiting high molecular weight χ eff (Φ1) curves have an overall general parabolic behavior with center, curvature, and magnitude that vary significantly with monomer structures and with interaction energies. The latter variation is stronger and occurs even at constant Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ where incompressible blend models cannot describe the strong dependence on the self-polymer-polymer-interactions obtained here. A quasi-athermal limit, in which χ eff (Φ1) is nearly temperature independent, appears for high molecular weights only when χ is vanishingly small. Phase diagrams are studied by evaluating the cloud points for coherent scattering from binary blends. Blends with negative χ have only a LCST, but ones with positive χ may have closed loop phase diagram or both LCST and UCST. However, one of the latter two critical points may be unobservable due to an intervening glass transition or because of thermal degradation.
Development Rates for the Seed Maggots Delia platura and D. florilega (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)

Duration of immature stages of seedcorn maggots (SCM), Delia platura (Meigen), and bean seed maggots (BSM), D. florilega (Zetterstedt), was determined at eight constant temperatures from 5 to 40°C. No SCM or BSM survived to second instar at either 5 or 40°C. No BSM survived to the adult stage at 35°C. Duration of immature stages varied from 240 days at 10°C to 17 days at 35°C. A computer model developed using the SCM development rate data closely simulated SCM development in the field during the growing season.
Assessing Flint Knapping Skill: An Analysis of the Beaver River Complex Folsom Point Assemblages, Northwest Oklahoma, USA

The Beaver River Complex (northwest Oklahoma) of early Paleoindian (Clovis and Folsom) large-scale bison kill sites began contributing to our knowledge of Folsom hunting organization two decades ago with the identification, excavation, and analysis of the Cooper site. Since then a total of five Folsom kill components have been identified at three arroyo kill sites within a 700 m reach of the Beaver River. The Folsom projectile point assemblages are analyzed to determine the level of flint knapping skill. Skill levels of projectile point flint knappers ranging from highly skilled to novice are contained in each kill assemblage, indicating inclusive rather than exclusive membership in the hunting party.
Dendritic cells: from the fabric of immunology.

I am so grateful for this year’s Novartis prize in basic immunology. This is a great honour and a deeply appreciated celebration of dendritic cells (DCs). I would like to recall the early days of the field and illustrate how DC biology arose from the methods, findings and concepts of many scientists who were studying DCs as well as other topics in immunology. We all realize that immunology is an interwoven fabric of many distinct and beautiful parts. This framework was critical for discovering DCs and some of their properties. I have spent my life in the northeast of North America and received my education at Sherbrooke High School, McGill University and Harvard Medical School. During my medical training at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1968, I attended a series of lectures on the “new cellular immunology.” The field was about to take off, armed with the incisive clonal selection theory and new knowledge that distinct B and T lymphocytes were the mediators of two kinds of immunity: humoral and cellular. These lectures made me decide that immunology was for me. It was full of unknowns in physiology that would benefit from cell biological approaches and rich in significance for medicine, in which so many diseases involve the immune system. I managed to gain a postdoctoral position at The
Decoding vital signs during triage: pulse pressure in children

Trevor Duke’s Comment (Feb 20, p 721) on the WHO guidelines for emergency triage assessment and treatment is crucial to the proper discovery of shock during the triage process in children. Cold extremities, a weak and rapid pulse, and slow capillary refi ll remain the most sensitive signs for hypovolaemia when one is rapidly decoding a child’s vital signs. However, in practice, the uninitiated triage team can become delayed and often confused by what momentarily seems to be a respectable systolic blood pressure. Children are physiologically different than adults that have “important implications in the evaluation and treatment of a pediatric trauma patient”. Because of children’s greater capacity to maintain a massive physiological reserve and secrete endogenous catecholamines, the systolic blood pressure alone will often mask a rapidly narrowing pulse pressure (<20 mm Hg) and increasingly scant cardiac output that risks, more than adults, not being successfully resuscitated.
Modulation of electrophysiological properties of neonatal canine heart by tonic parasympathetic stimulation.

The effects of tonic right and left vagal stimulation (RVS and LVS) on electrophysiological properties of the immature myocardium and specialized conduction system were evaluated in 11 neonatal can...
Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia with Single Crossed Ectopic Ureterocele

Abstract Crossed fused renal ectopia and single crossed ectopic ureterocele represent a rare combination of congenital anomalies with a unique presentation. The etiology, associated findings and management are discussed. This is the second such case reported.
Scattering of alpha-particles by55Mn

The elastic and inelastic scattering of 50 MeV alpha-particles by55Mn has been measured. The angular distributions of the scattered alphas from several excited levels were analyzed by means of the distorted-wave Born approximation. Transition strengths were determined for most of the levels observed. The energy resolution was sufficiently good to permit separation of the first excited state (0.126 MeV) from the elastic peak. Two single states previously observed in alpha scattering were each resolved into two states (2.25 and 2.37 MeV, probable transitionl=2; 4.27 and 4.39 MeV, probable transitionl=3).
The Fate of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty With Preoperative Abnormalities in Either Sedimentation Rate or C-Reactive Protein.

Abstract Background Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are important markers in the evaluation and treatment of painful total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Elevation of both markers usually occurs with infected TKAs while a normal ESR and CRP usually point to aseptic causes for failure. The purpose of this study is to compare (1) rate of revision, (2) infection, and (3) reason for reoperation in a group of patients undergoing revision TKA with a single abnormality in either ESR or CRP in an otherwise negative conventional infection work-up compared to patients with normal preoperative ESR and CRP. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 791 consecutive revision TKAs performed at our institution between years 2004 and 2011. Following exclusion for infection, periprosthetic fracture, prior revision TKA, positive cultures, incomplete records, and patients with less than 24-month follow-up, a total of 228 aseptic revisions (89 knees with 1 abnormal serologic marker) were available for final analysis. No patients met the current established criteria for infection. All knees underwent revision TKA using antibiotic-impregnated cement. The 2 groups were compared in terms of overall survivorship, infection rate, and rate and causes of subsequent aseptic revision. Results The average follow-up was 60 months (24-110). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, and Charlson comorbidity index. A preoperative abnormality of either ESR or CRP significantly increased the risk for reoperation for all reasons (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; P = .0028), infection (OR, 4.0; P = .034), and revision for aseptic loosening (OR, 3.69; P = .044). There were no differences in reoperations for any other reason. The average time to revision in the study group was 28.3 months compared to 40.0 months in the control group ( P = .213). Conclusion A single abnormality in either the ESR or CRP increased the likelihood of both infection and reoperation following revision TKA. Conventional methods and criteria for infection detection may not be sufficiently sensitive or specific in these cases. Further work-up with additional modalities may help increase the confidence of aseptic failure before revision TKA.
A model of stress relaxation in cross-bridge systems: effect of a series elastic element.

Many experimental protocols employed in the study of muscle mechanics use tension transients as a probe of the magnitudes of the kinetic rates in the underlying cross-bridge dynamics. These transients could potentially be modified by the elastic elements that exist both within the fiber and at the points of attachment to the experimental apparatus. To better understand the magnitude of such modifications, we have used computer simulation to investigate the transients that would be expected for cross bridges acting on an actin filament attached to an elastic element. The original model of cross-bridge mechanics by A.F. Huxley was used (Prog. Biophys. 7: 255-318, 1957). After an isometric equilibrium is achieved, a tension transient is produced by changing the dissociation rate constant, g1, while holding the attachment rate constant, f1, fixed. This decreases the number of attached, force-producing cross bridges. We find that the tension transients are markedly slowed by the presence of even a few (> or = 2) nanometers of series elastic strain per half-sarcomere. Thus some rate constants inferred from mechanical transients (e.g., those induced by caged ligands) may underestimate the actual kinetic rates of the cross-bridge processes.
Factors Influencing Children’s Attitudes Toward a Peer Who Is Overweight

Obesity among children in the USA is a growing epidemic that has received national attention (Puhl and Heuer 2010). Research suggests that children who are overweight are at increased risk for various health conditions such as diabetes, sleep apnea, cancer, and hypertension (Jelalian and Mehlenbeck 2003). In addition to risks to physical health, overweight children are also more likely to become the targets of stigmatization by their peers, resulting in increased risks of depression, poor academic performance, psychosocial difficulties, suicidal ideation, and exacerbation of their weight status (Adams and Bukowski 2008; Janssen et al. 2004). Having friends may be one of the few factors that provide protection from the aforementioned struggles. Overweight children who have friends experience less stigmatization and fewer negative outcomes (Reiter-Purtill et al. 2010), suggesting a critical need to improve peer relationships among children who are overweight. Continued research aimed at uncovering the unique relations among child characteristics and attitudes toward overweight children is needed and may yield information for those designing interventions to counteract negative attitudes. The current study provided a needed contribution by using structural equation modeling to examine the relations among background factors, perceptions of responsibility, and children’s attitudes toward an overweight peer. Consistent with previous research, overweight children were perceived more negatively than their normal weight peers (e.g., Adams and Bukowski 2008; Kraig and Keel 2001). Results also indicated that participant age, gender, race, and perceived responsibility impacted children’s attitudes toward an overweight child. However, results did not show that having previous experience as a victim or children’s BMI influenced their perceptions of children who are overweight. The current model only accounted for 17% of variance in children’s attitudes. Hypotheses were also not consistently supported, suggesting that more research on the complex interrelationships among variables impacting attitudes about weight is needed. For instance, based on the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen 2010), children’s judgments of how their peers perceive the overweight child might impact their attitudes toward that child. Previous experiences with people who are overweight or having an overweight member in the family might also affect children’s attitudes. Despite study limitations, findings support the importance of understanding and addressing negative peer perceptions of overweight children in order to reduce the negative psychosocial impact on overweight children.
Awareness, Use, and Satisfaction with Services for Latino Parents of Young Children with Disabilities:

We interviewed 200 Latino parents of young children with disabilities to determine awareness, use, and satisfaction with services. We also examined use of alternative treatments and the relationshi...
Not Like the Other Black Girls: How Class and Family Structure Impact Young Black Women’s Experiences of Competition and Alienation

For much of the tewntieth century the dominant image of black women in the United States has been that of the low-income single mother. Over the past several years, however, there has been significant scholarly interest in the experiences of middle class black women in America and the double burden of sexism and racism they face. While some of this research has addressed their familial experiences, the complexity of racialized family structure in the black middle class and its impact on women is often overlooked. Moreover, previous studies of the black middle class have typically assumed a backdrop of monoracial family structure. This assumption overlooks biracial and transracial families, however, who also form a core constituency of the black middle class. This paper explores the experiences of college aged middle class black women as they negotiate race, class, and gender against the backdrop of varying racialized family structures. Data is drawn from 25 in depth interviews with young middle class black women between the ages of 18 and 25 who were raised in families with two black parents (monoracial), one white and one black parent (biracial), and two white parents (transracial). Findings suggest that young middle class black women experience particularly tense relationships with poorer black women leaving them feeling “different” and isolated. Transracial adoptees and young biracial women faced unique challenges, however, whereby their connections to the white community served to further isolate them from other young black women.
Learning and Situated Becoming Oneself (Three Integrative Syntheses)

After providing a narrative overview of the text’s research findings, Chapter Seven turns toward the self as a psychological construct and its controversial history within the discipline. Several criticisms of the self are addressed before bringing the findings into mutual encounter with the psychology of self as envisioned from a holistic developmental perspective: existential-humanistic self-development theory (EHSDT). The chapter also includes considerations of culture, as both creativity and selfhood have been studied and critiqued on a cross-cultural basis. These considerations provide support for a perspective on learning and becoming that revolves around the notion of self-cultivation.
Evaluation of the accuracy, consistency, and stability of measurements of the Planck constant used in the redefinition of the international system of units

The Consultative Committee for Mass and related quantities (ccm), of the International Committee for weights and measures (cipm), has recently declared the readiness of the community to support the redefinition of the international system of units (SI) at the next meeting of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (cgpm) scheduled for November, 2018. Such redefinition will replace the international prototype of the Kilogram (ipk), as the definition and sole primary realization of the unit of mass, with a definition involving the Planck constant, h. This redefinition in terms of a fundamental constant of nature will enable widespread primary realizations not only of the kilogram but also of its multiples and sub-multiples, best to address the full range of practical needs in the measurement of mass. We review and discuss the statistical models and statistical data reductions, uncertainty evaluations, and substantive arguments that support the verification of several technical preconditions for the redefinition that the ccm has established, and whose verification the ccm has affirmed. These conditions relate to the accuracy and mutual consistency of qualifying measurement results. We review also an issue that has surfaced only recently, concerning the convergence toward a stable value, of the historical values that the task group on fundamental constants of the committee on Data for Science and Technology codata-tgfc has recommended for h over the years, even though the ccm has not deemed this issue to be relevant. We conclude that no statistically significant trend can be substantiated for these recommended values, but note that cumulative consensus values that may be derived from the historical measurement results for h seem to have converged while continuing to exhibit fluctuations that are typical of a process in statistical control. Finally, we argue that the most recent consensus value derived from the best measurements available for h, obtained using either a Kibble balance or the xrcd method, is reliable and has uncertainty no larger than the uncertainties surrounding the current primary and secondary realizations of the unit of mass, hence that no credible technical impediments stand in the way of the redefinition of the unit of mass in terms of a fixed value of h.
Validity and usefulness of a single-item measure of patient-reported bother from side effects of cancer therapy.

BACKGROUND The improving efficacy of cancer treatment has resulted in an increasing array of treatment-related symptoms and associated burdens imposed on individuals undergoing aggressive treatment of their disease. Often, clinical trials compare therapies that have different types, and severities, of adverse effects. Whether rated by clinicians or patients themselves, it can be difficult to know which side effect profile is more disruptive or bothersome to patients. A simple summary index of bother can help to adjudicate the variability in adverse effects across treatments being compared with each other. METHODS Across 4 studies, a total of 5765 patients enrolled in cooperative group studies and industry-sponsored clinical trials were the subjects of the current study. Patients were diagnosed with a range of primary cancer sites, including bladder, brain, breast, colon/rectum, head/neck, hepatobiliary, kidney, lung, ovary, pancreas, and prostate as well as leukemia and lymphoma. All patients were administered the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General version (FACT-G). The single item "I am bothered by side effects of treatment" (GP5), rated on a 5-point Likert scale, is part of the FACT-G. To determine its validity as a useful summary measure from the patient perspective, it was correlated with individual and aggregated clinician-rated adverse events and patient reports of their general ability to enjoy life. RESULTS Analyses of pharmaceutical trials demonstrated that mean GP5 scores ("I am bothered by side effects of treatment") significantly differed by maximum adverse event grade (P<.001) in all trials, with a clear trend toward increasing GP5 scores with level of increasing adverse event grade. Effect sizes ranged from 0.13 to 0.46. Analyses of cooperative group trials demonstrated a significant correlation between GP5 and item GF3 ("I am able to enjoy life") in the predicted direction. CONCLUSIONS The single FACT-G item "I am bothered by side effects of treatment" is significantly associated with clinician-reported adverse events and with patients' ability to enjoy their lives. It has promise as an overall summary measure of the burden of a given set of treatment toxicities compared with another. Future research can identify the contribution of individual side effects compared with one another in terms of how each may contribute to overall bother. Cancer 2018;124:991-7. © 2017 American Cancer Society.