cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
'A Shmita Manifesto' A radical sabbatical approach to Jewish food reform in the United States

A revolutionary movement recently cropped up with a vision to revitalize American Jewish environmentalism through food reform. This movement implemented shmita (sabbatical) year practices, which Jewish law mandates only inside the land of Israel, in the United States during the shmita year that began in September 2014. This article offers a brief historical overview of shmita and then utilizes the main texts of the shmita movement to explore how the Shmita Project connects- the diverse worlds of Judaism, environmentalism, ethics, and food reform. The Shmita Project encapsulates a multivalent environmentalist strain of American Judaism that is deeply concerned with climate change, industrial agriculture, and food injustice. The unprecedented- observance- of an American shmita year, focused on land stewardship and food security, is emblematic- of this movement’s efforts towards sustainable agriculture, animal welfare, and repairing the American food system through practices that are inspired by Jewish tradition and values.
Hypoglycemic Neuronal Death

The normal range for blood glucose concentrations is 3.9–7.1 mM (1 mM = ∼18 mg/dL), and hypoglycemia is broadly defined as blood glucose concentrations below this range. Studies using mice and rats indicate that brain injury does not generally occur unless blood glucose concentrations fall below 1 mM and the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) is isoelectric (silent) for at least 30 min (Auer et al. 1984a, b; Auer et al. 1985a, b; Suh et al. 2003). Case series suggest that a similar degree of hypoglycemia is required to induce brain injury in humans, although this may vary in infants and children, susceptible individuals, with repeated hypoglycemia, and with co-morbid factors (Kalimo and Olsson 1980; Malouf and Brust 1985; Auer et al. 1989; Langan et al. 1991; Ben-Ami et al. 1999; de Courten-Myers et al. 2000; Ennis et al. 2008).
Magnetic Resonance Arthrography and the Prevalence of Acetabular Labral Tears in Patients 50 Years of Age and Older: Is It Really Indicated?

Objectives: Arthroscopy for acetabular labral tears has minimal impact on pain and function in patients older than 50 years of age in the setting of concomitant osteoarthritis. Despite this, many physicians continue to seek diagnoses of labral tears in older arthritic patients with magnetic resonance arthrography. The inefficacy of surgical management and the suggested high prevalence of this condition in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients call into question the utility of diagnosis through an invasive and expensive imaging modality. The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of acetabular labral tears in patients aged 50 years and older with hip pain and to correlate the likelihood of a labral tear with the severity of osteoarthritis as visualized on conventional radiograph.
Recycling of materials from silicon base solar cell module

As the growing of photovoltaic (PV) industry, the environmental problems become a new consideration. Therefore, we propose a thermal method to recover materials, such as silicon, glass, and metal from conventional crystalline silicon modules. Two steps heating were used in the thermal treatment process in this study. During the thermal process, the EVA could be burned out and the whole glass plate could be obtained without breaking. The recycle glass could be directly used again as the module component when the temperature was well controlled. The recycle yield of silicon was 62% and the purity of obtained silicon material was ∼8N after cleaning by chemical solution treatment. The copper could be recovered in further acid treatment. The recycle yield of copper was 85%. The results show that the recycling of materials from silicon based solar module is promising.
Taking a Diasporic Stance: Puerto Rican Mothers Educating Children in a Racially Integrated Neighborhood

This article presents the perspectives of second-generation Puerto Rican mothers as they discuss their experiences educating their children in a working class, lower-middle class, racially diverse neighborhood. The article examines the racialization processes that the women and their families face, despite experiencing geographic and socioeconomic mobility. The analysis demonstrates how diaspora stances are produced by the women as they foster Puerto Rican cultural practices and identities with their children and as they negotiate the schooling experiences of their children.
Ethanol decomposition on Ni(111): observation of ethoxy formation by IRAS and other methods

The first step in the decomposition of chemisorbed ethanol on Ni(111) has been investigated using IRAS, XPS and TPD methods. Ethanol decomposes via a first step in which O-H bond scission occurs. This reaction starts from a chemisorbed ethanol structure which is bonded to the surface through both O and H moieties with the O-H bond almost parallel to the surface. This leads to a strong deuterium kinetic isotope effect for both the ethanol decomposition step and the competitive ethanol desorption step. IRAS studies indicate that the average orientation of the (C3v) axis of CH3 becomes more parallel to the Ni(111) surface when chemisorbed ethanol converts to adsorbed ethoxy. Chemisorbed ethoxy possesses a structure where the C-O bond is tilted away from the surface normal, as judged by the observation of vas(CH2) intensity by IRAS.
Occupational therapy protocol for amputees with targeted muscle reinnervation

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a surgical intervention to improve the control of myoelectric prostheses in high-level upper-limb amputation. This article briefly describes the procedure and presents the protocol for postoperative, preprosthetic care. We also recommend a guide to patient training using standard-of-care prosthetic devices controlled by up to four intuitive, independent, and isolated myoelectric signals. We discuss the advantages of this new control paradigm and methods for optimizing clinical outcomes for patients with high-level upper-limb amputations. This material is based on more than 6 years of experience treating patients with TMR in a research setting. Detailed results of this research are reported elsewhere.
Demyelinating radiculopathy in the kearns‐sayre syndrome: A clinicopathological study

In the few previously autopsied patients with the Kearns-Sayre form of progressive ophthalmoplegia, the most prominent abnormalities have been in muscle, with less conspicuous changes in the central nervous system, primarily in the brainstem. Similar findings were present in the case reported here, but in addition there was severe demyelination in the initial few millimeters of the cranial and spinal motor roots distal to the glial-Schwann cell junction. Milder demyelination was observed in the dorsal spinal and afferent cranial nerve roots, including the eighth nerve, but deafness was due to virtually total destruction of the organ of Corti. Our observations suggest that a radiculopathy may be a feature in some cases of Kearns-Sayre syndrome.
VEGF Inhibitors in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Therapies and Future Perspectives

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is predominantly refractory to treatment with traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies, and until recently management options were limited to immunotherapy, palliative care, or phase I trials. The past five years have witnessed a major change in the treatment of advanced RCC with the introduction of targeted therapies that derive their efficacy through affecting angiogenesis. The main class of agents involves drugs that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Several VEGF inhibitors are now approved for the treatment of metastatic RCC. The field is expanding rapidly with goals including 1) developing novel more potent and better tolerated agents and 2) defining the role of combination and sequential anti-VEGF regimens.
Impact of Commitment Upon Performance of College Students

The retention, academic achievement, and change in college plans of students committed to a field of study as freshmen are compared with those who were not sure of their interest. A survey form administered to all the freshmen in the class of 1964, College of Agriculture, was readministered to all those still enrolled seven semesters later. The original hypothesis that the committed student was different from the uncommitted tended to be upheld. The committed student who was dedicated to the study of agriculture was more persistent in his interest in his chosen field; fewer committed students changed majors; fewer withdrew from college.
Nitrogen fixation (C 2 H 2 reduction) in the rice rhizosphere soil as influenced by pesticides and methods of their application

The effect of pesticides on nitrogenase activity in rhizosphere soil from rice fields was investigated. The differential response of insecticides on nitrogenase depended on the method of field application. Results also showed that the differential response to the pesticides of. specific groups of nitrogen-fixing micro-organisms depended upon the method of application. Soil incorporation of carbofuran stimulated the rhizosphere nitrogenase, while endosulfan and hexachlorocyclohexane inhibited it. Carbofuran and hexachlorocyclohexane stimulated nitrogenase when applied to the standing water. Seedling root dips of isofenphos stimulated nitrogenase, while endosulfan, BPMC and carbaryl showed a variable effect. Quinalphos inhibited nitrogenase irrespective of method of application.
Amperometric nitric oxide microsensor based on nanopore-platinized platinum: the application for imaging NO concentrations.

This paper reports an amperometric nitric oxide (NO) microsensor based on a cone-shaped nanopore-platinized Pt working electrode. The senor was fabricated using the following procedure: (1) a parent nanodisk electrode was prepared by polishing an etched Pt wire (radius = 12.5 μm; dimension of etched tip end point <10 nm) embedded in a glass capillary, (2) the nanodisk Pt was further etched to produce a nanopore (pore opening radius <1 μm; pore depth ∼30 μm), (3) the Pt base surface in the nanopore electrode was platinized electrochemically to improve the sensor sensitivity, and (4) silanization and further modification with the electropolymerized polymeric film [poly(5-amino-1-naphthol)] on the nanopore-platinized Pt electrode were carried out to obtain the sensor selectivity to NO. The analytical performance of the sensor was characterized. For example, a sensor with a pore opening radius of 797 nm exhibited a decent linear dynamic range (at least for 0.2−1.8 μM), detection limit of < ∼32 nM, response ti...
Molecular Dynamics of Poly(benzylphenyl ether) Dendrimers: Effects of Backfolding on Förster Energy-Transfer Rates

We present the results of structural studies of poly(benzylphenyl ether) dendrimers (PBPE dendrimers) using classical molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, we focus on four generations of PBPE dendrimer at 298 K. Our objectives are to calculate donor/acceptor distances and Forster energy-transfer rates as a function of dendrimer generation. Analyses of the trajectories from molecular dynamics simulations provide information about the radius of gyration and atomic and phenyl group density distributions in generations one through four of the dendrimer. Several different methods for computing rate constants are discussed. The methods include various estimates of average donor/acceptor distances and direct exponential fits to simulated rise-time data. The results can be correlated with observed photophysical properties of dendrimers in related systems containing donor/acceptor pairs. We demonstrate that the wrapping of peripheral groups to the core of the dendrimer leads to very short donor/acceptor distances that dominate the energy-transfer rates.
Production cross sections of K x-rays due to proton bombardment of argon gas

Cross sections for production of characteristic K x-rays of argon by the bombardment of energetic protons were measured and compared with those for potassium and chlorine. The purposes were: (a) to improve accuracy using a gas jet as a target which allows monitoring by proton counting and (b) to determine whether or not the `closed-shell' nature of argon has any noticeable effect on the K x-ray yield by comparing the data with those for potassium and chlorine.
Vertical distribution of water in the atmosphere of venus: a simple thermochemical explanation.

Several lines of evidence concerning the vertical abundance profile of water in the atmosphere of Venus lead to strikingly unusual distributions (the water vapor abundance decreases sharply in the immediate vicinity of the surface) or to serious conflicts in the profiles (different IR bands suggest water abundances that are discrepant by a factor of 2.5 to 10). These data sets can be reconciled if (1) water molecules associate with carbon dioxide and sulfur trioxide to make gaseous carbonic acid and sulfuric acid in the lower atmosphere, and (2) the discrepant 0.94-micrometer water measurements are due to gaseous sulfuric acid, requiring it to be a somewhat stronger absorber than water vapor in this wavelength region. A mean total water abundance of 50 + or - 20 parts/million and a near-surface free water vapor abundance of 10 + or - 4 parts/million are derived.
Rethinking the "lesser brain".

Additional neurobiological experiments-both on the pattern of sensory inputs to the cerebellum and on the ways in which the cerebellum processes that information-also suggest a need to substantially revise current thinking about the function of this organ. In retrospect, it is perhaps not surprising that the cerebellum acts as more than just a simple controller of movement. Like the human cerebral cortex, the cerebellum packs a prodigious amount of circuitry into a small space by folding in on itself numerous times
Cost-Effectiveness Considerations In The Evaluation Of A New Technology

The introduction of new diagnostic tests and the excessive use of existing tests have come under increasing scrutiny today for two reasons. First, the proportion of the Gross National Product devoted to health care is increasing and, second, expensive technological devices are being promulgated rapidly for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Since 1965 the total health care allotment has trebled to $122 billion and its percentage of the Gross National Product has increased 41 percent (Table 1).(1)
Chemical Bonding, Electron Affinity, and Ionization Energies of the Homonuclear 3d Metal Dimers

Electronic and geometrical structures of the homonuclear 3d metal dimers M2 (from Sc2 to Zn2) as well as their anions and cations are computed using density functional theory with six generalized gradient approximations for the exchange-correlation potential. The neutral ground states are assigned as follows: Sc2 (5 ), Ti2 (3Δg), V2 (3 ), Cr2 (1Σ+), Mn2 (11Πu), Fe2 (7Δu), Co2 (5Δg), Ni2 (3 ), Cu2 (1 ), and Zn2 (1 ). The anions are assigned as follows: (4 ), (4Δu), (4 ), (2Σ+), (10 ), (8Δg), (6Δu), (4 ), and (2 ) ( is unbound). The cations ground states are: (4 ), (2Δg), (4 ), (2Σ+), (10Πu), (8Δu), (6Γg), (4Δg), (2 ), and (2 ). A natural bond (NBO) analysis is used to obtain the chemical bonding patterns in the neutral and charged dimers. The results of the NBO analysis allow us to explain the changes in the ground-state spin multiplicities and spatial symmetries when moving along the neutral and ionic series. Consistent changes in the chemical bonding patterns of the neutral and charged dimers lend fur...
How to retire a server without stranding your customers: a small migration at the university of oregon

A small support staff with regular staff turnover will eventually be faced with upgrading or replacing a service that was installed and maintained by a staff member who has left. Often, these services can be maintained on a superficial level, but at some point, a major change will be required.The School of Architecture and Allied Arts at the University of Oregon consists of nine departments and programs with 5000 students, 160 faculty, and a few dozen staff. Two full-time computing support staff and a half-dozen part-time students take care of the computing needs of all of these customers.In the spring of 2001, it became clear that we needed to reassess how we were providing three services to our customers: web hosting via file storage and virtual domains, e-mail account hosting, and e-mail list hosting. All three services were provided on one server, an aging Linux computer that was set up by a staff member who had since moved to another department. The two current staff knew very little about Linux and decided that taking the time to learn enough to maintain a server would detract from other services. The Linux computer was also a higher security risk than our other servers, and we had no way to back it up.We made the decision to decommission the Linux server and move all three services to other servers. We moved the virtual domains and e-mail login accounts to servers maintained by the central computing center while preserving the original e-mail addresses, and we migrated the e-mail lists to a new server, adding a web interface to e-mail list management that made it easier for our customers to maintain their own lists.
AML: A Manufacturing Language:

AML, A Maufacturing Language, was designed to be a well-structured, semantically powerful interactive language for robot programming. In this paper, we identify the de sign objectives for such a language and give a technical description of AML. Important features are described and illustrated through representative examples of robot appli cations programming.
The α-iminophospholide ligands

The reaction of phospholide ions with imidoyl chlorides in the presence of tBuOK gives the α-iminophospholides that are isolated as their trimethylstannyl derivatives. These derivatives in turn react with metal chlorides to give complexes of the title ligands. A DFT study shows that substantial electronic delocalization takes place between the imino group and the phospholyl ring in these anions. The X-ray crystal structure of one stannylphosphole shows a highly pyramidal phosphorus atom (sum of angles = ca. 280°). A tetrameric copper complex has also been structurally characterized.
Fluctuating forces in turbulent He II

We have measured a fluctuating force on small probes immersed in turbulent He II thermal counterflow. The force is consistent with neither periodic normal fluid vortex shedding from the probe, nor with a secondary normal fluid flow in the counterflow channel. Instead, the force is shown to be a random function of time, which is most simply interpreted in terms of an exponential power spectrum. The data thus provide the dependence of the force correlation time on temperature and velocity. This dependence is shown to agree with that of the correlation time for vortex line density fluctuations given by the Vinen equation. Theoretical and experimental implications of this result are discussed.
Is the present stellar birthrate really determined by gas density

Observed supernovae rates in Sb and Sc galaxies, and a recent re-examination of the mean gas density in these galactic types, implies that if the ‘clumpiness’ of gas in the disks of Sb and Sc galaxies is similar, the gas density isnot the primary factor in determining the overall present stellar birthrate.
Individual differences in L2 acquisition of English phonology: The relation between cognitive abilities and phonological processing☆

Abstract Research on individual differences has identified factors constraining second language (L2) acquisition in terms of a global performance; yet little progress has been made in identifying specific predictors of phonological acquisition. To explore potential predictors, we assessed cognitive abilities (working memory, attention control, processing speed) and lexical knowledge in L1 and/or L2. These measures were then correlated to overall individual L2-phonological acquisition scores, which were obtained by combining the scores from three phonological processing tasks, quantifying the acquisition of English phonological dimensions which are problematic for Korean L2 learners of English. Thirty Korean learners of English and fifteen English native speakers participated in the study. Individual L2-phonological scores were most strongly correlated with measures of working memory in L2. The observed relationships indicate that individuals with a higher working memory capacity, and to some extent higher processing speed, had developed a more native-like phonological processing in L2. None of the demographic background measures was correlated with phonological processing.
Reanalysis of the D → X fluorescence spectrum of I2

Abstract The uv fluorescence spectrum of I 2 excited by iodine atomic radiation at 1830 A is photographed and analyzed using a direct least-squares-fitting method with consistency constraints on the centrifugal distortion constants. The analysis confirms Verma's [ J. Chem. Phys. 32 , 738–749 (1960)] prior analysis of this spectrum and yields improved molecular constants for v = 0–99 of the X state and v ⋍ 204–208 of the D state.
Bendectin : review of the medical literature of a comprehensively studied human nonteratogen and the most prevalent tortogen-litigen

Abstract Objective: to review the extensive literature pertaining to the reproductive and teratogenic effects of Bendectin and the opinions of the scientific experts for the defense and plaintiff. These data were evaluated with regard to the reproductive risks of Bendectin providing a scientific framework for evaluating the views of the experts in the Bendectin litigation. Design: the Bendectin literature was primarily obtained from articles cited in Research Alert of the Institute for Science Information. Other articles were obtained from Medline, review articles, and colleagues. An attempt was made to be all-inclusive, citing and reviewing all articles related to each subject being discussed. The literature includes epidemiologic studies, animal studies, in vitro studies, and basic science articles related to the principles of teratology and reproductive toxicology. Review articles, meta analyses, editorials, commentaries, articles in the press, and case reports were also included. Methodology: the methodology utilized for the evaluation of Bendectin teratogenicity was presented. It consists of a five-part analysis of epidemiologic studies, secular trend analysis, animal studies, dose-response relationships, and biologic plausibility. Conclusion: the five-part analysis of Bendectin reproductive effects indicates that therapeutic use of Bendectin has no measurable teratogenic effects. Presentations by many of the plantiff's experts failed to meet the scientific standards that should be expected of knowledgeable scientists and contributed to the persistence of Bendectin litigation.
Properties of an Approximate Hazard Transform.

Abstract : The calculation of the exact reliability of complex systems is a difficult and tedious task. Consequently simple approximating techniques have great practical value. The hazard transform of a system is an invertible transformation of its reliability function which is convenient and useful in both applied and theoretical reliability work. A simple calculus for finding an approximate hazard transform for systems formed by series and parallel combinations of components is extended so that it can be used for any coherent system. The extended calculus is shown to lead to conservative approximations. A first order version of the extended calculus is also discussed. This method of approximation is even more simple to use, but is not always conservative. Examples of its application indicate that it is capable of giving quite accurate results. (Author)
Government Information in Academic Libraries: New Options for the Electronic Age.

Abstract Government agencies are adopting electronic information dissemination strategies which both challenge established dissemination structures and offer new access opportunities for all libraries. This article explores the implications of this change and describes the initiative of one medium-sized, non-depository library to become a government information center.
Gender classification from video under challenging operating conditions

ABSTRACT The literature is abundant with papers on gender classificati on research. However the majority of such research is based on the assumption that there is enough resolution so that the subjects face can be resolved . Hence the majority of the research is actually in the face recognition and facial feature area. A gap exists for gender classification under challenging operating conditionsdifferent seasonal conditions, different clothing, etc.and when the subjects face cannot be resolved due to lack of reso lution. The Seasonal Weather and Gender (SWAG) Database is a novel database that contains subjects walking through a scene under operating conditions that span a calendar year. This paper exploits a subset of that databasethe SWAG One datasetusing data mining techniques, traditional classifiers (ex. Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, etc.) and traditional (canny edge det ection, etc.) and non-traditional (height/width ratios, etc.) feature extractors to achieve high correct gender classification rates (greater than 85%). Another novelty includes exploiting frame differentials. Keywords: Gender classification, SWAG One dataset, robust operating conditions, data mining
Some effects of abnormalities of pituitary, adrenal or thyroid function on excretion of aldosterone and the response to corticotropin or sodium deprivation.

ABSTRACT Aldosterone was measured in the urine of 16 normal subjects and 35 patients with various abnormalities of pituitaiy, adrenal or thyroid function. Considerable diversity was noted in the quantity of aldosterone and other adrenal steroids in the urine of individual patients with clinical signs and metabolic findings of Cushing's syndrome or mineralocorticoid excess. In infants with the salt-losing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, aldosterone and cortisol metabolites appeared in smaller amounts than might be anticipated in normal children under similar conditions. Although patients with hypopituitarism and hypothyroidism excreted normal amounts of aldosterone under ordinary circumstances, the administration of corticotropin failed to elicit the usual acute rise in aldosterone excretion in these cases. Certain patients with hypopituitarism failed to respond adequately to sodium deprivation. It is suggested that chronic deficiency of corticotropin or other pituitary secretion may reduce or abol...
Enhanced IgE allergic response to Aspergillus fumigatus in CFTR−/− mice

To gain insight into aberrant cytokine regulation in cystic fibrosis (CF), we compared the phenotypic manifestations of allergen challenge in gut-corrected CFTR-deficient mice with background-matched C57Bl6 (B6) mice. Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) antigen was used to mimic allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a peculiar hyper-IgE syndrome with a high prevalence in CF patients. CFTR-/-, C57BL/6 and FVB/NJ mice were sensitized with Af antigen by serial intraperitoneal injections. Control mice were mock sensitized with PBS. Challenges were performed by inhalation of Af antigen aerosol. After Af antigen challenge, histologic analysis showed goblet cell hyperplasia and lymphocytic infiltration in both strains. However, total serum IgE levels were markedly elevated in CF mice. Sensitized CF mice showed a five-fold greater IgE response to sensitization as compared with B6- and FVB-sensitized controls. Additional littermate controls to fully normalize for B6-FVB admixture in the strain background confirmed the role of CFTR mutation in the hyper-IgE syndrome. Cytokine mRNA levels of IL-5 and GM-CSF in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and BAL cell differentials indicated that CFTR mutation caused a shift from an IL-5-predominant to an IL-4-predominant cytokine profile. This system models a very specific type of airway inflammation in CF and could provide insights into pathogenesis and treatment of the disease.
Wetting transitions of binary liquid mixtures at a weakly attractive substrate

The adsorption of a binary liquid mixtures onto a weakly attractive substrate has been studied in the vicinity of bulk liquid phase separation. A wetting transition between two different kinds of wetting films has been found. Below the wetting transition temperature, homogeneous films of one liquid phase wet the substrate. Above the wetting temperature, the wetting films contain both liquid phases. The surface phase transition line associated with this wetting transition is found to extend to both sides of the bulk phase separation line. On one side it is a prewetting line, and on the other side it becomes a line of triple point induced dewetting transitions. The experimental system used to study this behavior was liquid helium mixtures on a cesium substrate.
Implementation of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging: Research dimension

This article identifies the role of research in follow-up of the Second World Assembly on Aging (Madrid, Spain, 2002). It briefly describes the Research Agenda on Aging for the 21st century, which has been developed to support the major policy document adopted by the Second World Assembly – the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging.
Scientific creation and the evolution of religious behavior

The continuing campaign to substitute the myth of ‘Scientific Creationism’ for the teaching of biology in the public schools ( ‘Creationism’, 1982 ; Hailman, 1982 ; Murphy, 1982 ; Wood, 1982 ; Jukes, 1984 ) has focused public attention anew upon the importance of religion in political behavior—and vice versa. The present paper begins with a consideration of some aspects of the judicial politics of scientific evolutionism, and then examines the scenario of human evolution inferred by modern biological evolutionary theory. Particular attention is given to the beginnings of agriculture and the domestication of animals (including humans of themselves: Schubert, 1985a ) approximately 11,000 years ago, and to the cognitive significance, for humans, of the presence of other animals. Earlier creation myths are examined with special emphasis upon the Sumerian-Hebraic-Christian-Moslem versions featured in Genesis, and upon their relationship to biological evolutionary theory. The third major section of the paper discusses several evolutionary models of religious behavior, including representative ones from the respective perspectives of primatological ethology, cultural anthropological neurobiology, and physical anthropological hominid evolutionary theory.
Altos estructurales costa afuera en la región de Valparaíso, Chile central

Mediante altimetria satelital 3-D se detecto y describio un lineamiento submarino de 40 km ubicado en el quiebre de pendiente plataforma-talud continental, entre los 32° y 33°S, 27 km costa afuera de la region de Valparaiso. El alineamiento consiste en tres cumbres a 200, 733 y 880 m de profundidad orientadas al N10oW, con relieves de 1230, 1350 y 1545 m respectivamente desde la base a la cima. Se propone designarlos como Los Molles, Horcon y Zapallar en su orientacion hacia el norte, de acuerdo a la normativa internacional para los relieves submarinos. El patron morfologico sugiere un dislocamiento holocenico de un bloque no confinado del borde externo de la plataforma, con relacion al borde superficial del talud superior, posiblemente vinculado a mecanismos tensionales y la sismicidad generada por la subduccion de la aspereza Papudo bajo el talud medio
Reversal of antiarrhythmic drug effects by epinephrine: quinidine versus amiodarone.

Abstract Although previous studies have demonstrated that the electrophysiologic effects of many antiarrhythmic agents can be reversed by catecholamines, the susceptibility of amiodarone to such reversal is unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the relative degree of reversal of the electrophysiologic effects of quinidine and aminiodarone by epinephrine infusions that result in plasma epinephrine levels similar to those achieved during various physiologic stresses. Twenty-nine patients who had inducible sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and underwent electropharmacologic testing with quinidine and amiodarone were enrolled in the study. The variables measured before and during an epinephrine infusion (25 or 50 ng/kg per min) included the sinus cycle length, mean arterial pressure, QT interval and effective refractory period at drive train cycle lengths of 600 and 400ms. The effective refractory period measured at a drive train cycle length of 600 ms shortened less during amiodarone therapy (2 ±2%) than during quinidine therapy (6 ± 4%) or than in the baseline state (6 ± 4%; p The results of this study demonstrate that amiodarone is more resistant than quinidine to reversal of its electrophysiologic effects by epinephrine. This resistance may be due to the beta-adrenergic blocking properties of amiodarone and may explain, at least in part, the drug's unique long-term effectiveness in treating malignant ventricular arrhythmias.
Erratum to “On Delayed Sequential Coding of Correlated Sources” [Jun 11 3763-3782]

Mehdi Torbatian kindly pointed out a difficulty in the proof of the unnumbered lemma in the above titled paper, Sec. III-C, p. 3768. The issue is addressed by the authors of the original paper.
Angelman syndrome: Mimicking conditions and phenotypes

The diagnosis of Angelman syndrome (AS) can be confirmed by genetic laboratory in about 80% of cases. In 20%, the diagnosis remains clinical, but often there is uncertainty about the correctness of the clinical diagnosis and alternative diagnoses may be investigated. In evaluating individuals for AS in our center since 1989, we have encountered several mimicking conditions, and additional ones have been reported in the literature. Mimicking conditions can be grouped into the areas of chromosome, single gene, and symptom complex anomalies. Microdeletions or microduplications include chromosome regions 2,4,17, 22, and 15. Single gene conditions include methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency (MTHFR), Rett syndrome, alpha-thalassemia retardation syndrome (ATR-X), and Gurrieri syndrome. Symptom complexes include cerebral palsy, static encephalopathy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental delay (PDD), and mitochondrial disorders. We present a review of these mimicking disorders to increase the awareness about conditions that can lead to an incorrect clinical diagnosis of AS.
Predictive Inference Generation as a Function of Working Memory Capacity and Causal Text Constraints

Two factors that affect the predictive inferential process are examined: the working memory (WM) capacity of the reader and causal text constraints. A naming task was used in Experiment 1 to investigate predictive inferences that were based on texts containing low, moderate, and high causal sufficiency events at 2 time delays (250 and 500 ms). The results indicated that high WM capacity readers make predictive inferences when texts contain high causal sufficiency events, at both time delays, as evidenced by naming time differences between high-low and high-moderate causal sufficiency conditions. There is no evidence that low WM capacity readers make predictive inferences at either time delay. In Experiment 2, reading times for target sentences that either confirmed or contradicted predictive inferences in low, moderate, and high causal sufficiency conditions were collected. The results showed that high WM capacity readers make predictive inferences when causal sufficiency is high and target sentences conf...
Development of a new biochemical mutation test in mice based upon measurement of enzyme activities I. Theoretical concepts and basic procedure

A test procedure is described for detecting germ cell mutations which alter activity of enzymes in in vivo mammalian tissues. The objective is to identify those individuals, among a population of F1 animals from treated parents, that are heterozygous for a mutation at an unspecified locus which results in an altered activity of one or more of the enzymes monitored. Animals are evaluated through three analysis screens with emphasis on identification of mutant individuals. In the first screen, activity values of a battery of enzymes are compared to their respective normal ranges to identify those which are aberrant. The mean activities and coefficients of variation useful in defining the normal ranges for 19 enzymes in C57BL/6J Nctr mice are presented along with a set of theoretical normal animal misclassification probabilities for each of these enzymes. The second screen is a Michaelis-Menten kinetic analysis of aberrant enzymes, the goal of which is to correct misclassifications of normal animals made in the first screen. A third screen of aberrant enzyme activities in a subsequent generation is used to demonstrate inheritance and confirm the mutation. The advantages and the limitations, as well as possible variations of the basic procedure are discussed.
The heart and cardiac conduction system in polymyositis-dermatomyositis: A clinicopathologic study of 16 autopsied patients

We reviewed the clinical records of 16 patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis syndromes autopsied at The Johns Hopkins Hospital to determine the nature and extent of cardiac involvement and its correlation with the severity of disease as a whole. The adult patients ranged in age from 32 to 84 years (average 56); the 2 children were aged 2 and 10 years. The duration of disease ranged from 1 to 72 months (average 21). Seven patients had dermatomyositis, 5 had dermatomyositis with malignancy, 2 had childhood dermatomyositis, and 2 had an overlap syndrome. Seven patients had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure, 4 of whom had microscopic evidence of myocarditis. Two patients had bundle branch block; in 1 there was direct involvement of the conduction system by myositis and contraction band necrosis. Evidence of active myocarditis was present in 4 patients (25%); all had congestive failure. Focal myocardial fibrosis was present in 4 patients. Vascular alterations were present in the coronary arteries in 5 patients (31%). Three had active vasculitis, 1 had intimal proliferation, and 1 had medical sclerosis with calcification. All patients with active myocarditis had skeletal muscle involvement. Nine patients had myositis without myocarditis. There was no correlation of overall severity of the disease with the presence or absence of active myocarditis. The present study shows that cardiac involvement may be common in polymyositis; congestive failure or conduction abnormalities arising in this setting may be indicative of myocarditis.
Slotline fed microstrip antenna array modules

A feed network comprised of a combination of coplanar waveguide and slot transmission line is described for use in an array module of four microstrip elements. Examples of the module incorporating such networks are presented as well as experimentally obtained impedance and radiation characteristics.
Toxicity of ortho-substituted bromobenzenes to isolated hepatocytes: comparison to in vivo results.

Abstract In this study, freshly prepared isolated rat hepatocytes were exposed to various concentrations of bromobenzene and six ortho -substituted bromobenzenes. Toxicity was estimated by trypan blue dye exclusion and release of GPT and K + over a 0- to 4-hr time course. In all cases a close correlation among these three indices was observed. The rate of response depended on the exposure level and the nature of the o -substituent. The relative toxicity followed the order C 2 H 5 > CH 3 ≥ CF 3 > Br ⪢ H > OCH 3 ⪢ CN. This order does not correlate well with the in vivo toxicity data previously obtained in this laboratory (Toranzo E. G., Gillesse, T., Mendenhall, M., Traiger, G. J., Riley, P. G., Hanzlik, R. P., and Wiley, R. A. (1977). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 40 , 415–425.); in fact an almost inverse relationship is indicated. Several possible reasons are proposed in order to rationalize the discrepancy between these two results. The results emphasize the need for caution when using isolated hepatocytes to screen new compounds for purposes of determining their potential in vivo toxicity, at least until the differences between hepatocytes in vivo and hepatocytes in vitro are more thoroughly understood.
Additive k-Dimensional Inset Entropies with Measurable Sum Property

Abstract This paper culminates a main line of research on additive sum form measures of information, to which many authors have contributed. We determine all measures of inset information, depending on any number of discrete probability distributions, which are additive and have the measurable sum property.
Sn-modified Ni catalysts for aqueous-phase reforming: Characterization and deactivation studies

The catalytic deactivation of R-NiSn catalysts was explored during hydrogen production by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) of ethylene glycol. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and CO and H2 adsorption microcalorimetry were combined with previous characterization to show that R-NiSn catalysts are composed of a Ni core surrounded by a Ni3Sn alloy after heat treatments above 533 K. Adsorption studies (CO, H2, and N2), XPS, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis show that R-Ni15Sn catalysts deactivate by interaction with water under APR reaction conditions, rather than coking or Ni(CO)4 formation. Over the first 48 h on stream, deactivation proceeds rapidly by the sintering of small Ni particles and by the formation of NiSn surface alloys with lower catalytic activity and higher selectivity for the production of hydrogen by APR of dilute feed solutions. After several days on stream, R-Ni15Sn catalysts deactivate at a slower rate because of oxidation and dissolution by water, leading to Ni effluent concentrations near 50 wppm after 240 h on stream. The first-order deactivation constant can be improved from kd=0.0020 h−1kd=0.0020 h−1 to less than 0.0001 h−1 between 140 and 240 h on stream with the use of rigorous heat treatments at 623 K in H2 to form resilient NiSn alloys prior to reaction and/or with the use of energy-efficient stoichiometric feeds (water/ethylene glycol = 2).
Human brain imaging of α7 nAChR with [(18)F]ASEM: a new PET radiotracer for neuropsychiatry and determination of drug occupancy.

Purpose Using the α7-nAChR radiotracer, [18F]ASEM, we present the first successful human positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Rodent occupancy with three clinically employed α7-nAChR drugs confirms the specificity of the radiotracer.
Rapid and Effective Screening for Lysosomal Storage Disease: How Close Are We?

The introduction of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)1 into newborn screening programs during the past 15 years has been revolutionary, and it has resulted in a marked expansion of the number of detectable metabolic disorders, from a handful to more than 30(1). The majority of these are defects of amino acid and fatty acid transport and catabolism, and most are responsive to treatment. The success of this development has prompted much interest in further expansion of newborn screening programs, particularly for lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Until recently, these disorders received low priority(2) because of the lack of effective treatment and practicable screening methodologies. Enzyme replacement and bone marrow transplant therapies have become available for several LSDs, however, and other therapies are under development(3), giving new hope for affected individuals. Furthermore, the development of viable screening methods based on measurements of lysosomal enzyme activities in dried blood spots (DBS) has paved the way for newborn screening for these disorders(4). Enzyme activities of LSDs in DBS have been measured successfully both spectrofluorometrically, using substrates that release the fluorophore 4-methylumbelliferone(5)(6), and by tandem mass spectrometry, using substrates that are, for some of these assays, more closely related to or homologous with the natural enzyme precursors(7). The MS/MS method has the advantage that it can detect multiple enzyme products simultaneously because each product has a different m/z . In this issue of Clinical Chemistry , 2 papers(8)(9) address developments with MS/MS-based enzyme assays that bring the newborn screening option for LSDs a step closer to reality. Zhang et al.(8) describe substantial methodological improvements to the MS/MS-based method developed by Li et al.(7) for multiplex assays of up to 5 lysosomal enzyme activities. This assay …
INVESTIGATIONS OF ANGIOSPERMS FROM THE EOCENE OF SOUTHEASTERN NORTH AMERICA: PHILODENDRON LEAF REMAINS

Large leaves, new to the fossil record, from the Claiborne Formation in western Tennessee have been collected and analyzed. Careful analyses of venation and cuticular anatomy indicate that these fossil leaves contain specific characters found in modern species of the genus Philodendron subgenus Meconostigma. Features of venation were taxonomically more useful than other features. Reports of fossils of the Araceae are scarce and those few fossils assigned to the family frequently have been inadequately studied. This report establishes a reliable and carefully documented occurrence of the Araceae in the fossil record, and provides information concerning the differentiation of the family in time and the distributions of the genus Philodendron.
Temperature dependence of the microsomal oxidation of ethanol by cytochrome P450 and hydroxyl radical-dependent reactions.

Abstract The temperature dependence and activation energies for the oxidation of ethanol by microsomes from controls and from rats treated with pyrazole was evaluated to determine whether the overall mechanism for ethanol oxidation by microsomes was altered by the pyrazole treatment. Arrhenius plots of the temperature dependence of ethanol oxidation by pyrazole microsomes were linear and exhibited no transition breaks, whereas a slight break was observed at about 20 ± 2.5 °C with control microsomes. Energies of activation (about 15–17 kcal/mol) were identical for the two microsomal preparations. Although transition breaks were noted for the oxidation of substrates such as dimethylnitrosamine and benzphetamine, activation energies for these two substrates were similar for control microsomes and microsomes from the pyrazole-treated rats. The addition of ferric-EDTA to the microsomes increased the rate of ethanol oxidation by a hydroxyl radical (.OH)-dependent pathway. Arrhenius plots of the .OH-dependent oxidation of ethanol by both microsomal preparations were linear with energies of activation (about 7 kcal/mol) that were considerably lower than values found for the P450-dependent pathway. These results suggest that, at least in terms of activation energy, the increase in microsomal ethanol oxidation by pyrazole treatment is not associated with any apparent change in the overall mechanism or rate-limiting step for ethanol oxidation but likely reflects induction of a P450 isozyme with increased activity toward ethanol. The lower activation energy for the .OH-dependent oxidation of ethanol suggests that different steps are rate limiting for oxidation of ethanol by .OH and by P450, which may reflect the different enzyme components of the microsomal electron transfer system involved in these reactions.