cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronotype distribution in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder in an in-patient sample at a tertiary care center

Introduction Circadian rhythm disturbances have been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of mood disorders. Chronotype is indicative of one’s innate circadian preference, and correlates with physiological measures of circadian phase. A Korean study found a preponderance of “night owls” among clinically stable bipolar outpatients and other investigations have shown phase advances among various physiologic parameters in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study examined chronotype distribution among inpatients with bipolar disorder and MDD. We hypothesized a preponderance of “night owls” among bipolar patients and “early birds” among MDD patients. Materials and methods Adult inpatients with well-established diagnoses of bipolar disorder (type I, II and NOS) and MDD were identified and recruited over a period of 2 years. Patients with cognitive impairment, disorganized thinking, and affective instability impairing questionnaire completion were excluded as were those 58 correlate with morningness (early bird), and Results Out of 98 MDD, 98 bipolar patients and 59 controls, there were 59(60%), 61 (62%) and 47(80%) females [ p = 0.03], with median (IQR) age of 45(33–53), 44 (34–52) and 31(26–44) [ p p = 0.19]. After adjusting for age and gender, the chronotypes continued to have no association with diagnosis [ p = 0.49]. Conclusion Since there were no differences in baseline chronotypes among inpatients with mood disorders and controls, subjective chronotypes do not serve as reliable markers to differentiate bipolar disorder and MDD. Contrasting results from previous studies warrant clarification with further investigations. Objective circadian assessments such as the timing of the core body temperature minimum and the dim light melatonin onset should also be studied for correlations. Acknowledgements Dr. Simon Kung, MD.
Derivation of SU3 couplings, canonical mixing-angles and absence of exotics for mesons from the assumption of straight-line behaviour of amplitude zeros☆

Abstract The bootstrap induced by the assumption of straight-line behaviour of amplitude zeros is shown to lead, in (ps)meson-(ps)meson scattering, to absence of exotics and to relations among meson couplings coinciding with those derived from SU3, canonical mixing-angles. Predictions for η and X o couplings are also derived and found to provide a nice explanation of existing data. Such predictions appear to clash with quark-model ideas.
Family Ties in Tough Times: How Young Adults and Their Parents View the U.S. Economic Crisis

The present intergenerational study examined the perceived impact of the recent U.S. economic crisis on a sample of 68 young adult-parent dyads. The relative contribution of perceived economic pressure, reports of adult child-parent relationship quality, and concerns about the economic future in accounting for variation in self-reports of psychological distress for adult children and their middle-aged parents were examined. Parents' concerns about their children's economic future accounted for variation in their reports of anxiety and depressed mood above and beyond that of perceived economic pressures and their views of the parent-child relationship. In contrast, for young adults, reports of personal economic pressure were generally related to self-reported anxiety and depressed mood. Implications of findings for research and practice are discussed.
Glucocorticoids stimulate TRH and c-fos/c-jun gene co-expression in cultured hypothalamic neurons

Abstract To explore whether the protooncogenes, c-fos/c-jun, might be involved in regulating the effect of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin-releasing hormone in fetal rat diencephalic neurons, their localization and transcriptional activity were investigated using double-labeled in situ hybridization, Northern blot and nuclear run-on assays. The results showed that TRH mRNA was coexpressed with both c-jun and c-fos in the same neurons. Treatment with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, at 10−8 M, enhanced transcriptional activity resulting in an increase in both cell number and intensity of all three mRNAs. The existence of c-fos/c-jun in thyrotropin-releasing hormone neurons and the increased transcriptional activity following dexamethasone treatment suggests that these protooncogenes could mediate the effect of glucocorticoids on thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression.
The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling for exploring risk assessment approaches of chemical mixtures.

Abstract When dealing with health impacts of environmental or occupational exposure such as groundwater contamination from or remediation effort associated with hazardous waste sites, we are obviously not facing individual, single chemicals. Thus, we are immediately confronted with the following questions: (1) Is single chemical risk assessment approach applicable; to the multiple chemicals in hazardous waste sites? (2) How do we handle risk assessment of chemical mixtures? Although there were pioneering and commendable efforts from the USEPA to formulate guidelines for risk assessment of chemical mixtures, these guidelines were principally based on additivity concept. As new scientific advances are made, improvement and refinement of risk assessment methodology will be anticipated. At Colorado State University (CSU), our research effort is devoted to the challenges and potential applications of physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling in the risk assessment of chemical mixtures. With the ultimate goal of Predictive Toxicology , 3 specific research projects are described: (1) PBPK/PD modeling of toxicologic interactions between trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE) and the investigation and defining of an ‘ Interaction Threshold ’; (2) PBPK/PD modeling of toxicologic interactions between Kepone and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) and the coupling of Monte Carlo simulation for the prediction of acute toxicity; (3) PBPK modeling of the inhibition of pharmacokinetics and enzyme kinetics of TCE caused by low-level, repeated dosing of a chemical mixture of 7 groundwater contaminants. Since this paper is meant to be a commentary and the emphasis is on approaches for dealing with chemical mixtures, detailed presentation of data is avoided. These examples illustrate partially our ongoing research activities and the related ideas with respect to possible novel risk assessment applications to chemical mixtures.
Effortfulness and blocking at different distances from the goal as determinants of response speed and amplitude.

Abstract Blocking (failing) second- and third-grade children at (a) two distances from a goal, and (b) two different levels of response effort in a first task was studied to determine their effects on response speed and amplitude in a second task. Each of 144 Ss was assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups: (1) high effort-near failure, (2) high effort-far failure, (3) high effort-success, (4) low effort-near failure, (5) low effort-far failure, and (6) low effort-success. All Ss received 16 task-1 trials, each followed by a task-2 trial. The Ss in the 4 failure groups were blocked on 8 trials according to a modified random schedule, and Ss in the two success groups reached the goal on every trial. There was significant between-Ss and within-Ss evidence to indicate that the speed of responding on task 2 was slower after task-1 failure than after task-1 success. It was speculated that the task-1 blocking operation aroused an aversive frustrative state, resulting in the elicitation of competing (avoidance) responses which served to delay the occurrence of the instrumental response in task 2.
Hidden solution to the μ / B μ problem in gauge mediation

We propose a solution to the $\ensuremath{\mu}/{B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ problem in gauge mediation. The novel feature of our solution is that it uses dynamics of the hidden sector, which is often present in models with dynamical supersymmetry breaking. We give an explicit example model of gauge mediation where a very simple messenger sector generates both $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and ${B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ at one loop. The usual problem, that ${B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ is then too large, is solved by strong renormalization effects from the hidden sector which suppress ${B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ relative to $\ensuremath{\mu}$. Our mechanism relies on an assumption about the signs of certain incalculable anomalous dimensions in the hidden sector. Making these assumptions not only allows us to solve the $\ensuremath{\mu}/{B}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ problem but also leads to a characteristic superpartner spectrum which would be a smoking gun signal for our mechanism.
Metabolism of bradykinin analogs by angiotensin I converting enzyme and carboxypeptidase N

Bradykinin (BK) analogs such as Lys-Lys-BK, des-Arg9-BK and [Leu8]des-Arg9-BK were poor substrates for angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), and analogs containing D-Phe7 residues, or a pseudopeptide C-terminal bond, were completely resistant. However, many of these analogs were metabolized by carboxypeptidase N (CPN) including Lys-Lys-BK, [Tyr8(OMe)]BK and D-Phe7-containing analogs, with Km and Vmax values comparable to those for BK. The only analogs completely resistant to both ACE and CPN were the B2 agonist [Phe8 psi(CH2NH)Arg9]BK, the B2 agonist D-Arg[Hyp3,D-Phe7,Phe8 psi(CH2NH)Arg9]BK, and the B1 agonist [D-Phe8]des-Arg9-BK. These data indicate an important role for plasma CPN and vascular CPN-like activity in the metabolism of the widely used ACE-resistant/D-Phe7-containing antagonists of B2 kinin receptors.
The political influence of unions and corporations on COPE votes in the U.S. senate, 1979–1988

The political influence of unions and corporations is examined by analyzing Senate roll-call votes on COPE-identified legislation for the period 1979–1988. Union PAC contributions and union membership both have significant positive effects on three different types of COPE legislation: Narrow Union, General Labor, and Non-Labor. In addition, corporate PAC contributions to senators’ opponents reduce their pro-union voting behavior on Narrow Union and General Labor bills. There is no evidence that the political influence of unions in the U.S. is declining.
Case study: tokamak plasma turbulence visualization

One of the most fundamental issue in magnetic fusion research is the understanding of turbulent transport observed in present-day tokamak experiments. Plasma turbulence is very challenging from a theoretical point of view due to the nonlinearity and high dimensionality of the governing equations. Recent developments in algorithms along with the astounding advances in high performance computing now make first-principle particle simulations an important tool for improved understanding of such phenomena. Due to the five dimensional phase space (3 spatial, 2 velocity) and complex toroidal geometry, visualization is crucial for interpreting such simulation data. This paper discusses how visualization tools are currently used and what new physics has been elucidated, along with what can be learned about tokamak turbulence through the interplay between theory, simulation and visualization.
Fan Noise from Turbofan Engines

This paper reviews turbomachinery noise from turbofan engines as typified by fan noise. The mechanisms and theories of fan noise are reviewed and concepts for its reduction, including acoustic suppression, are discussed. Correlations of the overall noise data from several full-scale fans tested at NASA Lewis Research Center are presented as indicative of the current state-of-the-art. Estimates are presented to show economics vs reduced noise for two quieted experimental engines, one with subsonic and one with supersonic fan-tip speed. Finally, some concepts that may have the potential to reduce fan noise are indicated.
Race suicide in the United States

One of the most obvious reasons of the lower birth rate in the city is the fact'that fewer of the women of child-bearing ages are married. In the urban communities of the New England States only 53.9 per cent. of the women 15-44 years are married, widowed ordivorced, while in the rural communities the percentage is 63.8 per cent. In the East North Central States the percentages are 59.2 .and 63.2, respectively, while for the United States, as a whole, they are 57.8 and 64.6. Thus we see that, on the average, the proportion of the women married, widowed or divorced is about 7 per cent. less in the city than in the country. As-has been shown above, however, the proportion of children to-married women is much smaller in the city than in the country. Therefore, although the fact that many more women in the city do not marry or marry relatively late in life is an important cause of the low birth rate in the city, it is by no means the most important one. The chief causes of the lower birth rate in the city may be summed up by saying that the people in the city more often voluntarily limit the size of their families than the people in the country. When we undertake to inquire into the causes of voluntary limitation of'the family among city people, we find such widely different motives in operation in different classes of people that it becomes necessary to discuss the forces controlling the birth rate in each of these classes separately. I have divided the city population into four classes. The basis. of the classification is the family income.8 (1) The poor, those with an income below $750 per year. This class is composed chiefly of unskilled workers. (2) The comfortable, those having an income of from $750 to $1,500. Most skilled workmen belong to this class, also many people in clerical positions. (3) The well-to-do, those having incomes ranging from $1,500 to $4,000 or $5,000. Most professional men and men in executive positions in industry and commerce belong to this class. (4) The wealthy, those with incomes of $5,000 or over. Capitalists and those on the road to become capitalists belong to this class.
Some Effects of Hypertonic Solutions on Contraction and Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Frog Skeletal Muscles

In frog fast skeletal muscle, we find a decline of twitch, tetanus, and maximum K and caffeine contracture tensions as tonicity of the bathing solution is increased. The decline of tension independent of the method of producing contraction indicates that the major effect of hypertonicity is directly on contractile tension probably because of the increased internal ionic strength. However, there is some apparent disruption of excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in solutions made three times the normal tonicity (3T solutions) since: (a) in 3T solutions tetanic and K contracture tensions decline to zero from a value near the average maximum caffeine contracture tension at this tonicity (10% of 1T tetanic tension). At this time, caffeine contractures of 10% of 1T tetanic tension can be elicited; (b) once the K contracture tension has declined, elevated [Ca++]o, 19.8 mM, restores K contracture tension to 13% of 1T tetanic tension. This probable disruption is not caused by changes in mechanical threshold since in 2T solutions the mechanical threshold is shifted by 12 mv in the hyperpolarizing direction. This is consistent with neutralization of fixed negative charges on the inside of the membrane. The repriming curve is also shifted in the hyperpolarizing direction in 2T solutions. Shifts of the repriming curve coupled with membrane depolarizations in 3T solutions (about 20 mv) may produce loss of repriming ability at the resting potential and disruption of E-C coupling.
Engines and Acolytes of Consumption: Black Male Bodies, Advertising and the Laws of Thermodynamics

An investigation into the historical development of Nike's award-winning advertising campaigns in the US reveals that, over the last decade or so, African-American athletes have become their almost exclusive focus. However, these ads have increasingly centered not on black personalities per se, but on the aesthetic, affective and visceral manifestations of skin, musculature and sweat. Black bodies in advertising are rarely to be seen at rest, unless in a state of exhaustion (from which the requisite product alone can provide relief). Consideration is therefore given to the potential connotations of cultural producers' repeated references to extreme physical exertion. Anson Rabinbach's trope of the `human motor' evokes modern science's concern with matters of energy preservation and entropy; here it is utilized to provide a fresh insight into the chronic contradictions between commercial cultural production on one hand, and the reality of contemporary cultural and social inequalities on the other.
Winners and Losers of Services Liberalization

In this research note, we develop a model of the services sector liberalization through Modes 3 and 4 where capital is brought to the home country. Foreign capital owners compete with domestic capi...
A Nation of Organizers: The Institutional Origins of Civic Voluntarism in the United States

We challenge the widely held view that classic American voluntary groups were tiny, local, and disconnected from government. Using newly collected data to develop a theoretically framed account, we show that membership associations emerged early in U.S. history and converged toward the institutional form of the representatively governed federation. This form enabled leaders and members to spread interconnected groups across an expanding nation. At the height of local proliferation, most voluntary groups were part of regional or national federations that mirrored the structure of U.S. government. Institutionalist theories suggest reasons for this parallelism, which belies the rigid dichotomy between state and civil society that informs much current discussion of civic engagement in the United States and elsewhere.
Development Process for Custom Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) Material Systems

The development of a new material system for three-dimensional printing (3DP) can be difficult without experience in the field, since the flexibility of the 3DP process implies a large number of material and processing parameters. This paper presents a detailed explanation of the steps involved in developing specific implementations of 3DP, along with tools and insight for each step. This material system development procedure should provide a clear understanding of the 3DP process steps and development decisions to help the user take advantage of the considerable flexibility of 3DP and expedite a new system development. The paper concludes with a demonstration of how the guidance provided is applied in the development of fully dense ceramic dental copings; a research problem uniquely suited to the flexibility of 3DP.
Secure and Efficient Time Synchronization in Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

Due to the collaborative nature of sensor nodes, time synchronization is critical for many sensor network operations. For sensor networks deployed in hostile environments, security is critical to the success of time synchronization. Over the past few years, a number of secure time-synchronization schemes have been proposed for sensor networks. However, these schemes are designed for homogeneous sensor networks and may incur large communication/computation overhead or may cause accumulated synchronization errors (due to multihop relays of time reference messages). Several works have shown that better performance and security can be achieved in heterogeneous sensor networks (HSNs). In this paper, we present a secure and efficient time synchronization scheme for HSNs by utilizing powerful high-end sensors. We implement the time-synchronization scheme in real sensor nodes, and the experiments show that our scheme achieves higher synchronization accuracy than a popular sensor time-synchronization scheme. The analyses demonstrate that our scheme is resilient to various attacks and significantly reduces communication overhead.
CP -violating phases in supersymmetry, electric dipole moments, and linear colliders

We reexamine large CP-violating phases in the general minimal supersymmetric standard model, as well as more restricted models. We perform a detailed scan over parameter space to find solutions which satisfy the current experimental limits on the electric dipole moments of the electron, neutron and ${}^{199}\mathrm{Hg}$ atom, exploring the allowed configurations of phases and masses, and we attempt to quantify the level of tuning of the parameters necessary to populate the regions of cancellations. We then consider the measurement of CP-violating phases at a future linear collider. We find that measurements of chargino and neutralino masses and production cross sections allow for a determination of ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}$ (the phase of ${M}_{1})$ to a precision of $\ensuremath{\pi}/30,$ while the EDM constraints require that ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ be too small to be measured. Using the EDM constraints we find that the CP-even model parameters and the phase ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}$ can be determined at a linear collider with $400\mathrm{GeV}$ c.m. energy. As long as some information on the size of $|\ensuremath{\mu}|$ is included in the observables, a measurement of ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}$ is guaranteed for ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}_{1}g\ensuremath{\pi}/10.$ To unambiguously identify $\mathrm{CP}$ violation, we construct CP-odd kinematical variables at a linear collider. However, the $\mathrm{CP}$ asymmetries are rather small, typically about 0.1--1.5 %, and it will be challenging to experimentally observe the predicted asymmetries.
Radar-diffraction tomography using the modified quasi-linear approximation

The authors propose a new approach for solving the scattering problem for tomographic imaging based on the modified quasi-linear approximation (MQLA). Rather than using the incident field to approximate the total field inside the scatterer as the Born approximation (BA) does, the authors utilize the incident field plus a secondary field that equals the incident field multiplied by a scattering coefficient, which is referred to as the quasi-linear approximation (QLA). Generally, this coefficient is source dependent and hence, this approximation cannot be used to solve mutiple-source problems. By invoking the localized approximation, they derive a source-independent scattering coefficient and then obtain the modified quasi-linear approximation (MQLA). Based on this approximation, they developed a new diffraction-tomography algorithm and applied it to crosshole radar tomography. This approach is rapid, since iteration techniques are not involved in the algorithm. Numerical simulations indicate that this tomography algorithm can reconstruct images with better imaging quality than the conventional BA algorithm.
Regulation of KATP Channel Activity by Diazoxide and MgADP : Distinct Functions of the Two Nucleotide Binding Folds of the Sulfonylurea Receptor

KATP channels were reconstituted in COSm6 cells by coexpression of the sulfonylurea receptor SUR1 and the inward rectifier potassium channel Kir6.2. The role of the two nucleotide binding folds of SUR1 in regulation of KATP channel activity by nucleotides and diazoxide was investigated. Mutations in the linker region and the Walker B motif (Walker, J.E., M.J. Saraste, M.J. Runswick, and N.J. Gay. 1982. EMBO [Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.] J. 1:945–951) of the second nucleotide binding fold, including G1479D, G1479R, G1485D, G1485R, Q1486H, and D1506A, all abolished stimulation by MgADP and diazoxide, with the exception of G1479R, which showed a small stimulatory response to diazoxide. Analogous mutations in the first nucleotide binding fold, including G827D, G827R, and Q834H, were still stimulated by diazoxide and MgADP, but with altered kinetics compared with the wild-type channel. None of the mutations altered the sensitivity of the channel to inhibition by ATP4−. We propose a model in which SUR1 sensitizes the KATP channel to ATP inhibition, and nucleotide hydrolysis at the nucleotide binding folds blocks this effect. MgADP and diazoxide are proposed to stabilize this desensitized state of the channel, and mutations at the nucleotide binding folds alter the response of channels to MgADP and diazoxide by altering nucleotide hydrolysis rates or the coupling of hydrolysis to channel activation.
RECOVERY OF FORMALDEHYDE FROM MECHANICALLY DEBONED TURKEY

Mechanically deboned meat from the frames of mature turkeys was stored, at -20°C and 4°C. The effect of storage on the recovery of formaldehyde from the meat was determined by trapping the aliphatic aldehyde in an aqueous solution of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride: Although formaldehyde has not been recovered from turkey meat immediately postmortem, its rate of accumulation correlated well with length of storage when other factors were held constant.
Thermal conductivity of some common cryostat materials between 0.05 and 2 K

Abstract In order to design efficient low temperature devices, one must often know the thermal conductivity of materials from which the devices will be built. Other researchers have reported measurements on useful materials, but the thermal conductivity of many of the materials used by low temperature physicists at Cornell has not been published. The purpose of this work is to report the thermal conductivity of some of them.
Oncogenic Abl and Src tyrosine kinases elicit the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of target proteins through a Ras-independent pathway

Oncogenic forms of the Abl and Src tyrosine kinases trigger the destruction of the Abi proteins, a family of Abl-interacting proteins that antagonize the oncogenic potential of Abl after overexpression in fibroblasts. The destruction of the Abi proteins requires tyrosine kinase activity and is dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. We show that degradation of the Abi proteins occurs through a Ras-independent pathway. Significantly, expression of the Abi proteins is lost in cell lines and bone marrow cells isolated from patients with aggressive Bcr–Abl-positive leukemias. These findings suggest that loss of Abi proteins may be a component in the progression of Bcr–Abl-positive leukemias and identify a novel pathway linking activated nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases to the destruction of specific target proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway.
DDX24 Negatively Regulates Cytosolic RNA-Mediated Innate Immune Signaling

RIG-I-Like Receptors (RLRs) sense cytosolic viral RNA to transiently activate type I IFN production. Here, we report that a type I IFN inducible DExD/H helicase, DDX24, exerts a negative-regulatory effect on RLR function. Expression of DDX24 specifically suppressed RLR activity, while DDX24 loss, which caused embryonic lethality, augmented cytosolic RNA-mediated innate signaling and facilitated RNA virus replication. DDX24 preferentially bound to RNA rather than DNA species and influenced signaling by associating with adaptor proteins FADD and RIP1. These events preferentially impeded IRF7 activity, an essential transcription factor for type I IFN production. Our data provide a new function for DDX24 and help explain innate immune gene regulation, mechanisms that may additionally provide insight into the causes of inflammatory disease.
Glomerular filtration rate measurements in clinical trials

To assess the utility and precision of GFR measurements in multicenter trials, the test performance and variability of GFR were analyzed in 2,250 patients enrolled in 44 clinical centers participating in either the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study or the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). GRF was measured as the renal clearance of [125I]iothalamate after an sc injection without epinephrine. The studies used similar protocols for obtaining blood and urine, training clinical center staff, and processing specimens in central laboratories. The performance of GFR measurements, assessed from adherence to protocol and quality control analyses, was excellent. The variability among the four clearance periods (intratest coefficient of variation [CV]) was acceptable; the median intratest CV for GFR was 9.4% in the MDRD Study and 11.7% in the DCCT. The pattern of decline in serum counts was better approximated by an exponential rather than a linear relationship. The cause of the intratest variability in GFR measurements was explored by univariate and multivariate analysis. The intratest CV was highest at the extremes of GFR. Among patients with a high GFR (> 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2), most of whom were participants in the DCCT, the higher intratest GFR was due, in part, to a systematic decline in GFR during the test. Among patients with a very low GFR (
A Three-Dimensional Numerical Study of an Oklahoma Squall Line Containing Right-Flank Supercells

Abstract A nonhydrostatic numerical mesoscale model has been applied to the study of an Oklahoma squall line with initial conditions taken from the Oklahoma–Kansas Preliminary Regional Experiment for STORM-Central (PRE-STORM) data for 7 May 1985. The model reproduced features typical of organized propagating convection occurring during spring and summer in this region, namely a squall line/mesoscale convective system containing strong right-flank convection resembling many documented cases. The alignment and motion of the system change during its development and are determined by the ambient wind at three levels, the steering level of the mature cells, the level of free convection, and the surface layer. Three persistent right-flank cells had a characteristic rightward propagation relative to the mean wind shear vector. Their propagation occurred through successive mergers of cells that had formed at a downdraft outflow convergence front and were similar to the flanking line often seen to the south of str...
A Theoretical review of cognitive biases and deficits in obsessive–compulsive disorder

During the past 30 years, experimental psychopathologists have conducted many studies aiming to elucidate the cognitive abnormalities that may figure in the etiology and maintenance of OCD. In this paper, we review research on both dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive deficits in OCD, as findings from both traditional self-report and information-processing approaches provide distinct sources of information concerning cognitive abnormalities. First, we discuss dysfunctional beliefs and metacognitive beliefs implicated in the disorder. Research has identified a number of maladaptive appraisals (e.g., heightened responsibility) and metacognitive beliefs (e.g., need to control one's thoughts) that are associated with the disorder, yet these are not invariably present in all cases of OCD. Next, we review the literature on memory and attentional deficits and biases in OCD. This line of research shows inconsistent evidence for deficits in memorial and attentional processes, but does indicate that people with the disorder have memory and attention biases that may be related to metacognitive beliefs about their ability to remember and attend to stimuli. Finally, we discuss recent work that suggests that people with OCD have reduced access to internal states, thus causing them to engage in rituals to resolve persistent uncertainty. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Activity of fosfomycin and comparison of several susceptibility testing methods against contemporary urine isolates

Fosfomycin is recommended as first-line treatment for acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. It has demonstrated in vitro activity against a variety of pathogens; however, a paucity of data are available from the USA. We determined the susceptibility of a collection of urine isolates to fosfomycin and compared multiple methods of susceptibility testing. Consecutive non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were collected from the clinical microbiology laboratory between August 2013 and January 2014. Isolates represented hospitalised or emergency department patients with monomicrobial bacteriuria. Fosfomycin MICs were determined in duplicate, on separate days, by Etest and disk diffusion and results were compared with agar dilution. Nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin were used as comparators. MIC results were categorised using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute interpretive criteria for Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Correlation between the three testing methods was evaluated. Overall susceptibility to fosfomycin was 94.4%, 93.5% and 87.9% by agar dilution, disk diffusion and Etest, respectively. Five fosfomycin-resistant isolates were identified, including two Morganella morganii, one P. aeruginosa, one Proteus mirabilis and one Enterobacter aerogenes. Across all organisms, rates of essential agreement, categorical agreement, minor errors, major errors and very major errors for Etest/disk diffusion compared with agar dilution were 77.3%/NA, 89.5/93.8%, 7.1/5.0%, 3.6/1.3% and 0/0%, respectively. Fosfomycin displayed fairly consistent activity against a majority of isolates collected when using the susceptibility breakpoint of 64 μg/mL. MICs for E. coli were particularly low (≤2 μg/mL). These data lend support to current guidelines that recommend fosfomycin as empirical first-line therapy for uncomplicated UTI.
The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act.

Although the need for such action had long been apparent in Washington, it was not until 1946 that a federal statute was enacted for the regulation of general lobbying activities. Prior to that year, Congress had, on a number of occasions, investigated lobbying practices, and as a result had enacted measures which reached a limited number of groups engaged in them. The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935, the congressional act in 1936 affecting the shipping interests, and the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938 were important regulatory measures, but they reached only a few of the groups exerting direct and continuous influence in Washington. The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of August 2, 1946, is more general in its coverage; and it has been in force long enough for its effectiveness to be tested.In this article, it is my purpose (1) to supply a brief historical background for the measure referred to; (2) to examine the statute's provisions; (3) to appraise the objections raised to it; (4) to examine the actual administration of the act and point out the difficulties of enforcement, particularly during its first year; and (5) to offer recommendations for strengthening the law.
Ecological Significance of Fronts in the Southeastern Bering Sea

A series of three fronts divides the continental shelf of the southeastern Bering Sea into two interfrontal zones which contain different food webs. Large stocks of birds, mammals, and pelagic fish, primarily walleye pollock, occur in the outer shelf zone between the 200 meter isobath and the middle front near the 100 meter isobath. Large stocks of benthic infauna, demersal fish, and crabs occur in the middle shelf zone between the middle front and the inner front at the 50 meter isobath. Very low cross-shelf advection and the presence of the middle front which acts as a diffusion barrier restrict large oceanic herbivores to the outer shelf zone. Large diatoms are not grazed by the small coastal herbivores which inhabit the middle shelf zone, resulting in an accumulation of phytoplankton biomass which settles to the benthos.
Consumption-Weighted Life Cycle Assessment of a Consumer Electronic Product Community

A new approach for quantifying the net environmental impact of a “community” of interrelated products is demonstrated for consumer electronics owned by an average U.S. household over a 15-year period (1992–2007). This consumption-weighted life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology accounts for both product consumption (number of products per household) and impact (cumulative energy demand (MJ) and greenhouse gas emissions (MT CO2 eq) per product), analyzed using a hybrid LCA framework. Despite efficiency improvements in individual devices from 1992 to 2007, the net impact of the entire product community increased, due primarily to increasing ownership and usage. The net energy impact for the product community is significant, nearly 30% of the average gasoline use in a U.S. passenger vehicle in 2007. The analysis points to a large contribution by legacy products (cathode ray tube televisions and desktop computers), due to historically high consumption rates, although impacts are beginning to shift to smaller ...
DEVELOPMENT OF A TOTAL LIQUID WATER CONTENT PROBE

This paper reports on the development and calibration of a prototype probe for measuring the liquid water content of Appendix C and SLD icing cloud conditions. The conceptual design was based on a total pressure probe, water collector and suction fan. The water droplet mass that was collected iso-kinetically by the probe was weighed, and the LWC was determined from the water mass and volumetric air drawn into the probe. Initial effort had concentrated on the evaluation of different methods of capturing and storing water droplets that entered the probe. Different types of the adsorbent materials were installed into a detachable water collector to remove water droplets from an ingress water cloud via adsorption e.g. water adsorbent and blotter papers, silica gel and molecular sieve desiccants and hydrophobic B-Gon fiber mesh. The basic test methodology was to inject a known amount of water directly into the probe inlet and comparing this to the amount adsorbed by the water collector. Tests conducted in a laboratory showed that collection efficiencies of 100.8 ± 8% for LWC between 0.5 and 4.0g/m 3 were obtained. The iso-kinetic function of the probe was tested successfully in the wind tunnel at velocities between 105 and 130mph. Iso-kinetic condition was attained within 3 seconds of engaging the suction fan of the probe. NOMENCLATURE
Behold! Sums of Arctan

(1987). Behold! Sums of Arctan. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 141-141.
Build an Integrated Management System of Information Operation and Maintenance with Power Grid Characteristics

Using plug-in design and unified technology architecture,an integrated monitoring system of information operation and maintenance is built.Integrated network management,security management,desktop management,and operation and maintenance flow are integrated into one system through flexible information resource model,data bus and Web-based configurable graphics platform.In this way operation and maintenance tools are transformed to platforms.The core task is to monitor the operation of SG186 system.The overall management of all IT infrastructures of power enterprises is realized.The two-grade deployment construction of State Grid Corporation enhances the operation stability of the information systems,and changes the situation that monitoring methods are dropped behind,organizations build systems separately,and the overall monitoring level is low.SG186 and the other business systems are guaranteed to run properly and stably.
Climate Change Analysis on Historical Watershed‐Scale Precipitation by Means of Long‐Term Dynamical Downscaling

A methodology based on long-term dynamical downscaling to analyse climate change effects on watershed-scale precipitation during a historical period is proposed in this study. The reliability and applicability of the methodology were investigated based on the long-term dynamical downscaling results. For an application of the proposed methodology, two study watersheds in Northern California were selected: the Upper Feather River watershed and the Yuba River watershed. Then, precipitation was reconstructed at 3-km spatial resolution and hourly intervals over the study watersheds for 141 water years from 1 October 1871 to 30 September 2012 by dynamically downscaling a long-term atmospheric reanalysis dataset, 20th century global reanalysis version 2 by means of a regional climate model. The reconstructed precipitation was compared against observed precipitation, in order to assess the applicability of the proposed methodology for the reconstruction of watershed-scale precipitation and to validate this methodology. The validation shows that the reconstructed precipitation is in good agreement with observation data. Moreover, the differences between the reconstructed precipitation and the corresponding observations do not significantly change through the historical period. After the validation, climate change analysis was conducted based on the reconstructed precipitation. Through this analysis, it was found that basin-average precipitation has increased significantly over both of the study watersheds during the historical period. An upward trend in monthly basin-average precipitation is not significant in wet months except February while it is significant in dry months of the year. Furthermore, peak values of basin-average precipitation are also on an upward trend over the study watersheds. The upward trend in peak basin-average precipitation is more significant during a shorter duration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction: The Global Political Economy of Tourism and Local Environment-Society Relations

This book is about power in the global political economy (GPE) and how local and global environment-society relations play out in coastal communities dependent on tourism for economic survival. It brings together several sub-disciplines from global political economy to political ecology, analyzes the consequences of social and economic policies in global institutions and industrialized countries on particular locales outside the center, and makes a case for studying the role of environmental values in global environmental governance. It takes as a starting point an alternative view of the global political economy of the environment, in contrast to the neoliberal institutionalist focus on institutional politics. Rather, it focuses on the underlying structures of the political economy and its social and environmental consequences — in this case, the tourist industry and seaside destinations in marginalized regions of the globalizing economy. These are regions that at first sight seem to have very little connection to the globalizing world, yet the tension between production and consumption, nature-society relations and equity leave their imprint in very particular ways. This book analyzes how these global linkages can have dramatically different results even in supposedly similar situations, thus illustrating the importance of historical and socio-structural factors in analyzing problems but also highlighting how environmental values can actually be more important than environmental law.
Current Treatment of Metastatic Spine Tumors - Surgery and Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Abstract There has been significant progress and innovation in the treatment of patients with metastatic spinal tumors over the last two to three decades that has impacted our ability to provide individualized care that improves a patient's quality of life and degree of neurologic impairment. Advances in surgical techniques and radiation delivery modalities have dramatically improved our ability to decrease local tumor recurrence rates, improve pain control, and provide more durable spinal stability. Modern day spine tumor resection and reconstruction techniques have been shown to improve and prolong patients' ability to ambulate, maintain continence, and reduce the need for pain medications. Spinal radiosurgery, the focused delivery of radiation to a target in the spine, has significantly enhanced the ability to provide a high degree of local tumor control in a non-invasive manner, even for tumors that are deemed radioresistant by conventional radiation therapy standards. In most patients, a combination of treatment modalities, including both surgery and radiation, is the mainstay of any comprehensive treatment plan for metastatic spinal tumors. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2017-06.asp].
Predischarge and Postdischarge Risk Factors for Hospital Readmission Among Patients With Diabetes.

BACKGROUND Hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge (30-d readmission) is an undesirable outcome. Readmission of patients with diabetes is common and costly. Most of the studies that have examined readmission risk factors among diabetes patients did not include potentially important clinical data. OBJECTIVES To provide a more comprehensive understanding of 30-day readmission risk factors among patients with diabetes based on predischarge and postdischarge data. RESEARCH DESIGN In this retrospective cohort study, 48 variables were evaluated for association with readmission by multivariable logistic regression. SUBJECTS In total, 17,284 adult diabetes patients with 44,203 hospital discharges from an urban academic medical center between January 1, 2004 and December 1, 2012. MEASURES The outcome was all-cause 30-day readmission. Model performance was assessed by c-statistic. RESULTS The 30-day readmission rate was 20.4%, and the median time to readmission was 11 days. A total of 27 factors were statistically significant and independently associated with 30-day readmission (P<0.05). The c-statistic was 0.82. The strongest risk factors were lack of a postdischarge outpatient visit within 30 days, hospital length-of-stay, prior discharge within 90 days, discharge against medical advice, sociodemographics, comorbidities, and admission laboratory values. A diagnosis of hypertension, preadmission sulfonylurea use, admission to an intensive care unit, sex, and age were not associated with readmission in univariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS There are numerous risk factors for 30-day readmission among patients with diabetes. Postdischarge factors add to the predictive accuracy achieved by predischarge factors. A better understanding of readmission risk may ultimately lead to lowering that risk.
Four factor prothrombin complex concentrate for warfarin reversal in patients with left ventricular assist devices.

Continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVAD) require therapeutic anticoagulation which is often interrupted for procedures or bleeding. Prior to the availability of four factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) in the United States, warfarin was held and its effects reversed by vitamin K or fresh frozen plasma. We evaluated the use of 4F-PCC for temporary warfarin reversal in patients with CF-LVADs and assessed outcomes. This analysis is a retrospective study of CF-LVAD patients who received 4F-PCC for warfarin reversal in the setting of bleeding or need for urgent or elective procedures. Primary outcome assessments included feasibility of administration in elective versus emergent situations, safety measured as incidence of thrombotic events, and change in INR after administration. In total, 37 CF-LVAD patients received 49 4F-PCC administrations. The average 4F-PCC dose was 1842 units (range 518–4292 units), or 22 units/kg (range 5.8–58 units/kg). 4F-PCC significantly decreased the mean INR from 2.9 to 1.7 (p < 0.0001) in 47 of 49 administrations; two patients did not have post infusion INR testing. No cases of new confirmed or suspected pump thrombosis, stroke, venous thromboembolism, arterial thrombosis, or myocardial infarction were observed within 30 days of administration of 4F-PCC. 4F-PCC administration for temporary warfarin reversal was demonstrated to be feasible, effective, and, safe in CF-LVAD patients and judged to be 96% effective in patients for whom data were available. We observed no thrombotic events attributed to use of 4F-PCC.