cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solubility measurements of the uranyl oxide hydrate phases metaschoepite, compreignacite, Na–compreignacite, becquerelite, and clarkeite

Abstract The mobility of uranium under oxidizing conditions can only be modeled if the thermodynamic stabilities of the secondary uranyl minerals are known. Toward this end, we synthesized metaschoepite (UO 3 (H 2 O) 2 ), becquerelite (Ca(UO 2 ) 6 O 4 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 8 ), compreignacite (K 2 (UO 2 ) 6 O 4 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 7 ), sodium compreignacite (Na 2 (UO 2 ) 6 O 4 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 7 ), and clarkeite (Na(UO 2 )O(OH)) and performed solubility measurements from both undersaturation and supersaturation under controlled-pH conditions. The solubility measurements rigorously constrain the values of the solubility products for these synthetic phases, and consequently the standard-state Gibbs free energies of formation of the phases. The calculated lg solubility product values (lg K sp ), with associated 1 σ uncertainties, for metaschoepite, becquerelite, compreignacite, sodium compreignacite, and clarkeite are (5.6 −0.2/+0.1), (40.5 −1.4/+0.2), (35.8 −0.5/+0.3), (39.4 −1.1/+0.7), and (9.4 −0.9/+0.6), respectively. The standard-state Gibbs free energies of formation, with their 2 σ uncertainties, for these same phases are (−1632.2 ± 7.4) kJ · mol −1 , (−10305.6 ± 26.5) kJ · mol −1 , (−10107.3 ± 21.8) kJ · mol −1 , (−10045.6 ±24.5) kJ · mol −1 , and (−1635.1 ± 23.4) kJ · mol −1 , respectively. Combining our data with previously measured standard-state enthalpies of formation for metaschoepite, becquerelite, sodium compreignacite, and clarkeite yields calculated standard-state entropies of formation, with associated 2 σ uncertainties, of (−532.5 ± 8.1) J · mol −1 · K −1 , (−3634.5 ± 29.7) J · mol −1 · K −1 , ( −2987.6 ± 28.5) J · mol −1 · K −1 , and (−300.5 ± 23.9) J · mol −1 · K −1 , respectively. The measurements and associated calculated thermodynamic properties from this study not only describe the stability and solubility at T = 298 K, but also can be used in predictions of uranium mobility through extrapolation of these properties to temperatures and pressures of geologic and environmental interest.
Bargaining with the devil: Using economic decision-making tasks to examine the heterogeneity of psychopathic traits

We examined the three key dimensions of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R), Fearless Dominance (FD), Self-Centered Impulsivity (SCI), and Coldheartedness, to obtain a comprehensive view of the implications of the trait components of psychopathy for economic decision-making. 210 university undergraduates completed four economic tasks and five personality instruments with the aim of ascertaining the correlates of different factors of psychopathy. FD, SCI, and Coldheartedness were associated with distinct behavioral responses and personality scores: Coldheartedness and SCI were predictive of economic selfishness, whereas FD was largely uncorrelated with behavioral tasks. Implications for the conceptualization of the factor structure of psychopathy are presented, and a phenotypic approach to psychopathic traits confluent with the recently proposed dimensional restructuring of personality disorders is discussed.
Behavior of slightly perturbed Lanczos and conjugate-gradient recurrences

Abstract The Lanczos and conjugate-gradient algorithms use a three-term recurrence to generate polynomials orthogonal with respect to a certain set of weights on the eigenvalues of the matrix. The roots of these polynomials are taken as approximate eigenvalues, and the weighted deviation of the polynomials from zero on the set of eigenvalues is a measure of the error in the approximate solution to a linear system. If this recurrence is perturbed slightly, as, for example, by rounding errors, then the polynomials constructed will no longer be orthogonal with respect to the desired measure. It is shown, however, that the computed polynomials are orthogonal with respect to a slightly different measure—one with weights on a larger set of points, all of which lie very near to eigenvalues of the matrix. This analogy is exploited to gain information about approximate eigenvalues generated by a perturbed Lanczos recurrence and about the rate of convergence of the perturbed conjugate-gradient algorithm. In particular, it is shown that the Chebyshev error bound holds (to a close approximation) for slightly perturbed conjugate-gradient recurrences, and that a sharper error bound can be expressed in terms of the minimax polynomial on a set of small intervals about the eigenvalues of the matrix.
Modeled Glacial North Atlantic ice‐rafted debris pattern and its sensitivity to various boundary conditions

An iceberg drift and decay model is used to compute the ice-rafted debris (IRD) flux to the glacial North Atlantic under steady iceberg discharge from the Greenland and Laurentide Ice Sheets. I investigate the sensitivity of modeled IRD distribution pattern to formulation of glacial iceberg decay, meltwater drainage of Laurentide Ice Sheet at its southern margin, and the choice of ocean current and wind fields used as model boundary conditions. Modeled IRD patterns are compared with the observed “basic glacial” mode IRD pattern [Ruddiman, 1977] and the last five Heinrich layer patterns [Grousset et al., 1993]. Model results show that the first-order control on IRD deposition pattern is the prevailing ocean currents, and the choice of current fields is critical in determining the results. Winds can have significant effect when they exert drag in concert with ocean currents. Formulation of glacial iceberg decay directly affects its survival and the expanse of IRD distribution, but the formulation is perhaps one of the largest uncertainties in the model. Drainage of the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet through the Laurentian Channel by meltwater instead of glaciers predicts no significant IRD deposition in the open North Atlantic in contrast to observations, suggesting that glacier (i.e., iceberg) drainage through the Laurentian Channel was significant during the times of observed IRD deposition. In most experiments, the model predicts a high IRD deposition band that roughly coincides with the latitudinal band of high Heinrich layer deposition but are measurably south of the basic glacial mode high IRD deposition band. This discordance suggests either that the flow fields used as model boundary conditions are inaccurate or that much of the basic glacial mode IRD was not delivered by icebergs but perhaps sea ice.
The role of lipids in mitochondrial electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation

Abstract 1. 1. The mitochondrion has been fragmented into a fraction containing the elementary particles (the seat of the electron-transfer chain) and a fraction containing the structural protein. On the basis of high-resolution electron microscopy and detailed chemical studies, the mitochondrion is pictured as a structural protein-phospholipid matrix to which are affixed many thousands of elementary particles. 2. 2. The essentiality of lipid for electron transfer can be demonstrated by extracting mitochondria with aqueous acetone to remove lipid. Restoration of activity is achieved by adding back both coenzyme Q (Q) and phospholipid. A phospholipid requirement has been demonstrated in three segments of the electron-transfer chain; succinate → Q; QH2 → cytochrome c; reduced cytochrome c → O2. 3. 3. Phospholipids can be oriented in water to form water-clear micelles. The micelle is the key to an understanding of the role of phospholipid and of the interaction of phospholipid with mitochondrial proteins. Two types of interaction have been characterized. The first is ionic, and occurs between acidic phospholipids and basic proteins like cytochrome c. The second, mainly hydrophobic in nature, involves the interaction of structural protein with all phospholipids tested, acidic as well as basic. 4. 4. The role of phospholipid in electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation and the energy-linked transport of ions across membranes is discussed and a generalized formulation of the molecular structure and properties of membranes is given.
Intracranial injury in minor head trauma

Commentary on the paper by Dunning et al (see page 653) Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of childhood death and disability worldwide. In the United States, childhood head trauma results in 3000 deaths, 50 000 hospitalisations, and 650 000 emergency department (ED) visits annually.1,2 Children with seemingly minor head trauma, defined here by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 14–15, account for 40–59% of those with TBIs,3–5 and present a perplexing problem to clinicians. Despite the frequency of childhood minor head trauma, there exists no highly accurate and reliable clinical scoring system for separating those children with minor head trauma at negligible risk of TBI from those at greater risk. Children with TBIs who present with signs of seemingly minor head trauma are at risk for delayed diagnosis and treatment, and such unrecognised TBIs are a source of preventable morbidity.6–8 Nevertheless, although some TBIs in children with minor head trauma are initially unrecognised and therefore neuroimaging is delayed, a great many more children evaluated for minor head trauma receive unnecessary neuroimaging. More than 50% of children evaluated in EDs for head trauma in the United States undergo cranial computed tomography (CT) scanning,1 and this percentage doubled between 1996 and 2000.1 Children with minor head trauma account for 70–85% of children who receive cranial CT scans during their ED evaluation for head trauma in the United States,4,5 yet only 4–8% of these CT scans show TBI.1,4,5,9–12 Furthermore, approximately 5% of those with positive CT scans undergo operative intervention.4,9 Therefore CT scans are used inefficiently. Although CT scanning is the reference standard for diagnosing TBI and delayed recognition of TBI increases morbidity, overuse of CT scanning has important drawbacks. These include …
Effects of hypophysectomy on hypothalamic obesity in CBA mice.

SummaryLesions in the hypothalamus of female CBA mice were produced by administration of gold thioglucose (GTG). Hypophysectomy in groups of GTG lesioned mice (GTG/Hypex) and in normal mice (Hypex/Norm) was performed 4 days after GTG treatment. A significant increase in body weight and total body fat was seen only in the intact GTG-treated mice. Uptake of I-131 by the thyroid gland and adrenal weights were significantly decreased in the GTG/Hypex and Hypex/Norm mice. These data suggest that the pituitary may play an important role in production of hypothalamic obesity in mice.
Selection of Agents for Enhanced Follicular Recruitment in an in Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Replacement Treatment Program

In summary, although clomiphene alone, two combinations of clomiphene and hMG, and high dosages of hMG alone all resulted in similar degrees of enhanced follicular recruitment at the time of hCG administration, the patients in the group receiving clomiphene alone had significantly fewer follicles at the time of laparoscopy compared with those of the other three groups. Although clomiphene alone is able to produce sufficient enhanced follicular recruitment, it appears that it is necessary for gonadotropin support to be continued to prevent atresia of some of the cohort of follicles. Second, even though we achieved our best results (with respect to number of embryos replaced per patient) with the use of high-dose hMG, we believe that the ovarian hyperstimulation produced by that regimen resulted in an abnormal luteal phase which made establishment of clinical pregnancies less likely. It is certainly possible that the observed short luteal phases might be able to be corrected with supplemental hCG and/or progesterone. Similar to the results of others, our best results (that is, the highest percentage of the establishment of continuing clinical pregnancies) occurred when the regimen of follicular recruitment agents was individualized depending upon the individual patient's response with respect to size and number of follicles and peripheral E2 levels. However, the differences in pregnancy rates among groups were not statistically significant. Although the ideal regimen for enhanced follicular recruitment has probably not yet been determined, it appears that a combination of clomiphene plus concurrent and sequential hMG in individualized dosages offers the best chance for sufficient ovarian stimulation to ultimately increase the number of embryos available for uterine replacement, and at the same time minimize the disruption of the subsequent luteal phase.
Re‐locating Moroccan Women’s identities in a transnational world: the ‘woman question’ in question

This article considers the situation of women in politics and the overall politicization of the ‘woman question’ in Morocco in its historical context in order to suggest why, despite enormous changes in women’s daily lives and roles in society, continued attempts to gain greater rights for Moroccan women and improve their status have been met with strong resistance by certain political groups. Working with interviews conducted with activists during fieldwork in Morocco, I focus on an analysis of two recent sets of events—debates around the Plan for Action to Integrate Women into Development and the Moroccan March 2000 for Women in Rabat and its counter‐march in Casablanca—to discuss how the various oppositional positions on the ‘woman question’ have developed and persisted in Morocco. I argue that unresolved and renewed national conflicts in Morocco, which in part are fueled by the success of transnational feminisms and fundamentalisms, perpetuate the manipulation of the ‘woman question’ for short‐term po...
Subtangents with controlled slope

MOST OF THE results in this paper are on the existence of subgradients to p.c.1.s.c. (:= proper, convex and lower semicontinuous) functions on a Banach space. These existence theorems depend on three main ingredients, which are collected together in the second section on tools. The first and most novel is the quantity [B 1 C], defined whenever B and C are subsets of E x R such that no point of B lies vertically above a point of C (we use the symbols E and F to represent Banach spaces). [B 1 C] is the smallest number such that if we move downwards from any point of B with a slope greater than [Bl C] then we cannot hit any point of C. We refer the reader to notation 2.1 for a more precise definition. As a special case of this, if 4 is a proper function on E we write [Bl$] for [Bl epi $1. (Epi 4 := 1(x, ;2) :x E E, 1 E I?, A I 4(x))). In lemma 2.2, we give a significant situation in which [B -1$] < 00. The second ingredient is an application of Ekeland’s variational principle to directional derivatives (see lemma 2.3). The third ingredient is the Mazur-Orlicz version of the Hahn-Banach theorem (see remark 2.4), which leads to our main result on the existence of subgradients (see lemma 2.5). All the later results in this paper are obtained either by taking different values for the parameters $, Q, N, fl, and z of lemma 2.5, or by using theorem 3.5, which is a variant of lemma 2.5. In the third section, we give five results about the existence of subgradients satisfying certain conditions. As befits a paper in this journal, the structure of the interrelations between the various results is highly nonlinear. Chart 1 should help the reader to understand this structure.
Liberal and Illiberal Democracy in Latin America

This article examines the incidence of liberal and “illiberal” democracy in Latin America from 1978 through 2004. It demonstrates, first, that illiberal democracy—which combines free and fair elections with systematic constraints on citizens’rights—became the norm throughout the region. Second, it shows that regime transitions most often ended not in liberal democracy but in illiberal democracy. Third, rare events logit analysis reveals that two variables, hyperinflation and presidential elections, had significant impact on movement toward fuller democracy. As a form of short-term economic shock, hyperinflation generates widespread discontent; given the opportunity to vote, citizens elect reformist opposition candidates who, once in office, remove controls on civil liberties. This scenario substantially increases the likelihood of transition from illiberal to liberal democracy.
Peptides specific to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain inhibit metastasis-associated cancer cell adhesion

Intravascular cancer cell adhesion plays a significant role in the metastatic process. Studies indicate that galectin-3, a member of the galectin family of soluble animal lectins, is involved in carbohydrate-mediated metastatic cell heterotypic (between carcinoma cells and endothelium) and homotypic (between carcinoma cells) adhesion via interactions with the tumor-specific Thomsen-Friedenreich glycoantigen (TFAg). We hypothesized that blocking the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with synthetic peptides would significantly reduce metastasis-associated carcinoma cell adhesion. To test this hypothesis, we identified peptide antagonists of the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain using combinatorial bacteriophage display technology. The peptides bound with high affinity to purified recombinant galectin-3 protein (K(d) approximately 17-80 nM) and to cell surface galectin-3. Experiments with a series of recombinant serially truncated galectin-3 mutants indicated that the peptides bound the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3. Furthermore, the peptides did not bind the carbohydrate recognition domain of other galectins and plant lectins. Synthetic galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain-specific peptides blocked the interaction between galectin-3 and TFAg and significantly inhibited rolling and stable heterotypic adhesion of human MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells to endothelial cells under flow conditions, as well as homotypic tumor cell aggregation. These results demonstrate that carbohydrate-mediated, metastasis-associated tumor cell adhesion could be inhibited efficiently with short synthetic peptides which do not mimic naturally occurring glycoepitopes yet bind to the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain with high affinity and specificity.
Modelling vertical continuous casting with temperature-dependent material properties

An extension of the analytical model for vertical continuous casting of bars previously developed by the authors (Johnson and Cherukuri. Proc. Roy. Soc. London A 455 (1999) 227) is presented. The new features include temperature dependence of thermal conductivity and the constitutive equations. The model can be used to readily predict the effect of various process parameters such as cooling conditions, liquid pool pressure, casting speed on the solidification process. Consequently, it can be readily implemented in a control system to adjust the process parameters of a typical solidification process. In addition, it can also be used as a guide to gain insight into the nature of the solution prior to conducting more general and expensive finite element simulations.
Heterogeneity in neuroendocrine and immune responses to brief psychological stressors as a function of autonomic cardiac activation

Human responses to brief psychological stressors are characterized by changes and large individual differences in autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune function. The authors examined the effects of brief psychological stressors on cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and cellular immune response in 22 older women to investigate the common effects of stress across systems. They also used interindividual variation in heart rate reactivity, cardiac sympathetic reactivity (as indexed by preejection period reactivity in their reactivity paradigm), and cardiac vagal reactivity (as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity) to explore the heterogeneity in human responses to brief psychological stressors. The results revealed that brief psychological stressors heightened cardiac activation, elevated plasma catecholamine concentrations, and affected the cellular immune response. It was also found that individuals characterized by high, relative to low, cardiac sympathetic reactivity showed higher stress-related changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol plasma levels but comparable changes in epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. These data suggest that the effects of psychological stressors on cardiovascular and cellular immune response are governed by coordinated regulatory mechanism(s) and that going beyond the simple notion of heart rate reactivity to examine neural substrates may shed light on the interrelationships among and the regulatory mechanisms for the autonomic, endocrine, and immune responses to stressors.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Protects the Heart

The seminal discovery of nitric oxide (NO) in the 1980s unraveled the novel concept that an endogenous production of a gaseous substance such as NO can impart diverse and critical functional effects on a wide spectrum of biological and pathological processes. Intense investigations in the chemistry and biology of NO have led to numerous fruitful discoveries, enhancing our understanding of many disease processes including cardiovascular disorders. Interestingly, though, we have known for a longer period of time that there exists another gaseous molecule, carbon monoxide (CO), which can be generated endogenously. The heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme system generates the majority of endogenous CO.1,2 Since the biochemical isolation of the HO enzyme in 1968, much of the focus of HO research has been in the study of HO in heme metabolism based on the known fact that the HO enzyme serves as the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme. However, in recent years, as a result of the emerging role of HO in a variety of biological processes, interest in HO has continued to grow beyond its role in heme metabolism and has expanded into many scientific disciplines. The recent characterization of the HO enzyme system in yeast, prokaryotic bacterial system, and plants further highlights the functional importance of a highly conserved enzyme throughout the evolution of living organisms. HO catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to yield equimolar quantities of biliverdin IXa, CO, and iron1,2 (Figure). Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin via the action of biliverdin reductase, and free iron is promptly sequestered into ferritin. Three isoforms of HO exist; HO-1 is highly inducible whereas HO-2 and HO-3 are constitutively expressed.1,2 Heme, a major substrate of HO-1, and a variety of nonheme agents including heavy metals, cytokines, hormones, endotoxin, and …
Integrated circuit microchip system with multiplex capillary electrophoresis module for DNA analysis

Abstract In this paper, we describe the use of an integrated circuit (IC) microchip system as a detector in multiplex capillary electrophoresis (CE). This combination of multiplex capillary gel electrophoresis and the IC microchip technology represents a novel approach to DNA analysis on the microchip platform. Separation of DNA ladders using a multiplex CE microsystem of four capillaries was monitored simultaneously using the IC microchip system. The IC microchip–CE system has advantages such as low cost, rapid analysis, compactness, and multiplex capability, and has great potential as an alternative system to conventional capillary array gel electrophoresis systems based on charge-coupled device (CCD) detection.
Feeding the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) a diet spiked with non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted Polychlorinated biphenyls: Accumulation and effects

A laboratory model was developed to predict exposure effects in the field. Accumulation of non-ortho- and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs in liver tissue and their effects on mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) were investigated. An artificial diet spiked with a mixture of eight PCB congeners was fed to mummichogs in the laboratory. Ratios of the congeners were similar to those measured in livers of mummichogs indigenous to the PCB Superfund site, New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts, USA. Nominal dietary concentrations were high (54.3 μg/g wet body weight), medium (10.9 μg/g), low (2.2 μg/g), and a control. Accumulation of PCBs was consistent with exposure; however, lower levels of congener 77 were detected in liver tissue (0.2–0.8% of total PCBs) than in the spiked diets (3.3–4.6%). Significant (p ≤ 0.05) mortality occurred in mummichogs fed high and medium doses relative to the control. Mortality was higher and growth was lower with increasing toxic equivalent concentration of dietary PCB concentration and accumulation of PCBs in liver tissue. Mummichogs exhibited an exposure response in congener accumulation and biological effects with increasing dietary PCB concentration. Unlike fish from New Bedford Harbor, clean fish exposed to PCBs appear to have either slower uptake or higher metabolism of congener 77, indicating possible adaptation of mummichogs inhabiting polluted environments.
Indications for distal arterial reconstruction in the presence of palpable pedal pulses

Abstract Eight patients with severe pedal ischemia in the presence of palpable foot pulses are described. All had atherosclerosis, and seven patients also had diabetes. There were two anatomic patterns of disease, including supramalleolar obstruction with reconstitution of pulsatile flow in three patients and segmental occlusion of the pedal vessels in five. All patients underwent arterial reconstructive surgery. Patency was sustained in six patients, with limb salvage in five and below-knee amputation in one patient for persistent necrosis and infection of an open amputation. Of the two eventual bypass failures, a transmetatarsal amputation continued to heal in one patient, and the other required amputation below the knee. Palpable pedal pulses and satisfactory ankle/brachial indexes did not rule out the presence of surgically correctable distal arterial occlusive disease. Therefore arteriography is indicated in any patient with persistent forefoot ischemia that fails to respond to conservative measures. The safety and patency of the distal reconstructive procedures performed in this series suggest that salvage of weight-bearing tissue and rapid healing, as well as limb salvage, are legitimate indications for revascularization. (J VASC SURG 1990;12.552-7.)
Strongly Nonlinear Stochastic Processes in Physics and the Life Sciences

Strongly nonlinear stochastic processes can be found in many applications in physics and the life sciences. In particular, in physics, strongly nonlinear stochastic processes play an important role in understanding nonlinear Markov diffusion processes and have frequently been used to describe order-disorder phase transitions of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. However, diffusion processes represent only one class of strongly nonlinear stochastic processes out of four fundamental classes of time-discrete and time-continuous processes evolving on discrete and continuous state spaces. Moreover, strongly nonlinear stochastic processes appear both as Markov and non-Markovian processes. In this paper the full spectrum of strongly nonlinear stochastic processes is presented. Not only are processes presented that are defined by nonlinear diffusion and nonlinear Fokker-Planck equations but also processes are discussed that are defined by nonlinear Markov chains, nonlinear master equations, and strongly nonlinear stochastic iterative maps. Markovian as well as non-Markovian processes are considered. Applications range from classical fields of physics such as astrophysics, accelerator physics, order-disorder phase transitions of liquids, material physics of porous media, quantum mechanical descriptions, and synchronization phenomena in equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems to problems in mathematics, engineering sciences, biology, psychology, social sciences, finance, and economics.
Protease-activated receptor 1 is the primary mediator of thrombin-stimulated platelet procoagulant activity.

The activation of human platelets by thrombin is mediated primarily by protease-activated receptors (PARs). PAR1 and PAR4 are present on human platelets and are activated by the hexapeptides SFLLRN and GYPGQV, respectively. To further characterize the involvement of PAR1 and PAR4 in platelet activation, the ability of SFLLRN or GYPGQV to generate annexin V binding to newly exposed phospholipids on the platelet surface and generate procoagulant activity has been examined. Exposure of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine on platelets, as determined by an increase in annexin V binding, was strongly stimulated by SFLLRN, thrombin, and collagen, but only to a minor extent by GYPGQV. In a clotting assay initiated with factor VIIa, soluble tissue factor, and calcium, the clotting time in the absence of platelets was >5 min. In the presence of unstimulated platelets, the clotting time was 200 ± 20 sec. In the presence of platelets activated with SFLLRN or collagen, the clotting time decreased to 100 ± 10 sec. This shortening of the clotting time is equivalent to about a 5-fold increase in coagulant activity when stimulated platelets are compared with unstimulated platelets and activated platelets are used as a reference. These results indicate that thrombin initiates a very strong response in platelets through PAR1, leading to exposure of anionic phospholipids that support blood clotting. The response mediated by PAR4, however, was limited to platelet aggregation and similar to that triggered in platelets by weaker agonists such as ADP or epinephrine.
Grouping Observations in Digital Simulation

This paper presents a method for deriving a confidence interval for a population mean from the output of a simulation run. The method groups the observations on a run into batches and uses these batches as the basic data for analysis. The technique is not new. What is new is the procedure for determining how to group the observations into batches that satisfy certain assumptions necessary for the technique to work correctly. It is inexpensive and requires a moderate knowledge of statistics. The results of testing the method on a single server queuing model with Poisson distributed arrivals of exponentially distributed service times M/M/1, indicate that the proposed technique performs as theory suggests for moderate activity levels. However, for higher activity levels performance is below theoretical expectation for small sample sizes n. As n increases, performance converges to expectation. Moreover, two calculations of the sample sizes needed to obtain results with moderate accuracy indicate that these sample sizes are in a range where the procedure is expected to perform with small error.
Multiple Rayleigh fading channels modeling based on sum-of-sinusoids model

Assessing the performance of communication system is critical in system design in mobile communication study. Numerous methodologies have been employed to facilitate the assessment, amongst which generation of multiple fading channels is widely used and thus of great interest to us. Specifically, multiple Rayleigh fading channels are extensively utilized in simulation of the following: MIMO channels, amplify-and-forward fading channels, frequency-selective channels, etc. The existing model to generate Rayleigh fading channels is the sum of sinusoids SOS. However, the SOS model is flawed, as it sometimes generates impure correlated channels. That is, a small fraction of correlated channels are generated when we anticipate uncorrelated or vice versa. In this paper, on the basis of the concept of SOS, we introduce a new computational model to generate Rayleigh channels that completely match our anticipation-fully uncorrelated or fully correlated channels. Additionally, we also propose a design method to reduce the number of sinusoids, thus we achieve reduced computational cost of the system. Simulation results and comparison analysis indicate that, with reduced computational cost, our method is able to produce pure Rayleigh fading channels- 100% uncorrelated or the opposite.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Configurable two-dimensional linear feedback shifter registers for built-in self-test

A configurable 2D LFSR based test generator and an automated synthesis procedure is presented. Without storage of test patterns, a 2D LFSR based test pattern generator can generate a sequence of pre-computed test patterns (detecting random-pattern-resistant faults) and followed by random patterns (detecting random-pattern-detectable). The hardware overhead is decreased considerably through configuration. The configurable 2D LFSR test generator can be adopted in two basic BIST execution options: test-per-clock (parallel BIST) and test-per-scan (serial BIST). Experimental results of test-per-clock and test-per-scan BIST of benchmark circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The configurable 2D LFSR can also be adopted in chip-level and system-on-chip (SoC) BIST.
Treatment of Prepuberal Vulvovaginitis with Diethylstilbestrol1

In 1940 (1) we presented a preliminary report of a series of 25 cases of infant vulvovaginitis treated by means of diethylstilbestrol administered orally. We have continued this investigation until the present and are able to present 124 cases so treated for critical review. The greater majority of these cases have been followed more than one year, none less than three months and some more than two years. As in the previous report the material consists of cases of vulvovaginitis from the Departments of Pediatrics and Gynecology of Hutchinson Memorial Clinic, Charity Hospital Clinic, Touro Infirmary and some private cases. The youngest child treated was 2 months, the oldest, 12 years old. Of the total cases treated 92 were colored and 32 white (table 1). In the earlier part of the study the diagnosis of gonorrheal vulvoganitis was based upon the finding of Granvnegative intracellular and extracellular diplococci in vaginal smears. In the last year we have used cultural studies as well as Gram-stained smear...
A hybrid fluid model approach to plasma dynamics

Summary for only given, as follows. The connection between fluid dynamics and kinetic theory is made through the calculation of the moments of the kinetic theory distribution function. This removes the unobserved velocity components of phase space which reduces the number of degrees of freedom of the dynamics calculation. There is unfortunately no rigorous method of truncating the set of moment equations. This paper presents a technique for calculating these moments which is both reversible so that the distribution function itself may be found at any time, and has a natural limit in the number of terms which must be calculated. The technique is based on the use of a modification of the collocation method with low order Chebyshev polynomials. It is applied to the two dimensional Vlasov equation, and two sets of calculations are displayed. In one the evolution in time of the electric field and plasma currents and densities near a collecting surface is presented, and in the other the occurrence of the strictly kinetic effect of Landau damping is demonstrated.
Correlation Between Large Electrostrictive Strain and Relaxor Behavior with Structural Changes Induced in P(VDF-TrFE) Copolymer by Electron Irradiation

The effect of high energy electron irradiation is investigated on poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene), P(VDF-TrFE), copolymers in the broad range of irradiation doses and temperature. It was found that after a suitable electron irradiation condition, ferroelectric polymer materials show exceptionally high electrostrictive response (> 4%), high dielectric constant (>60) with low dielectric loss over a broad temperature range. In addition, the material after irradiation exhibits many features resembling those of a relaxor ferroelectric, suggesting that the electron irradiation breaks up the coherent polarization domain in a normal ferroelectric material into micro-polar regions that transform the material into a relaxor ferroelectric. These distinct features make this material very attractive for a broad range of applications. In this paper we will review the experimental results on various characteristics of material properties including the dielectric and electrostrictive strain response induced at different temperatures under different electron irradiation conditions and their relation with structural changes observed by X-ray and DSC.
Morphology and Thermal Stability of Novolac Phenolic Resin/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared via Solution High‐Shear Mixing

Phenolic resin/clay composites were prepared by high-shear mixing of clay suspended in CH 3 OH solutions of Novolac resin and curing agent. Pure clay Cloisite Na + and pillared clays Cloisite 10A, 30B, and Na + Cloisite that was pillared by 3-hexadecyl-1-methylimidazolium bromide were studied. After CH 3 OH evaporation, Novolac was cured at low temperatures. XRD showed that clay gallery d-spacings decreased upon solvent evaporation and partial curing. Slight d-spacing increases were sometimes observed from a partially cured stage to a further cured composite. Na + Cloisite gave the highest nanodispersion, Cloisites 10A and 30B the lowest. TGA revealed that Na + clay or organoclay incorporation in partially cured and cured composites did not improve the thermal stability of Novolac.
Temporal and Physiologic Measurements of Deglutition in the Upright and Supine Position with Videofluoroscopy (VFS) in Healthy Subjects

Cross-sectional imaging has long been employed to examine swallowing in both the sagittal and axial planes. However, data regarding temporal swallow measures in the upright and supine positions are sparse, and none have employed the MBS impairment profile (MBSImP). We report temporal swallow measures, physiologic variables, and swallow safety of upright and supine swallowing in healthy subjects using videofluoroscopy (VFS). Twenty healthy subjects ages 21–40 underwent VFS study upright and supine. Subjects were viewed in the sagittal plane and swallowed 5 mL liquid and pudding barium. Oral transit time, pharyngeal delay time, pharyngeal response time, pharyngeal transit time, and total swallow duration were measured. Penetration/aspiration scores and 14 MBSImP variables were analyzed in both positions. All subjects completed swallows supine, although one aspirated on one liquid bolus. Temporal measures of swallowing were similar for pudding upright and supine. Pharyngeal phase swallow measures were longer for liquids in supine. MBSImP physiologic measures revealed a pharyngeal delay in both positions. Although Pen/Asp range was higher supine, more subjects penetrated upright. Temporal measures were increased for liquids in supine. Although Pen/Asp range was higher in supine, more subjects penetrated upright. These results provide support for cross-sectional supine imaging of swallowing for pudding, but perhaps not thin liquids for dysphagic patients. Slightly thicker liquids might prove reliable in supine without compromising swallow safety. Future research should examine swallow physiology in both positions in dysphagic and older healthy subjects.
Survival and Cause-specific Mortality Among Furbearers in a Protected Area

Abstract Information is needed on protected furbearer communities to help understand the ecological impacts of trapping pressure on furbearer populations. We monitored coyotes (Canis latrans), bobcats (Lynx rufus), raccoons (Procyon lotor) and opossums (Didelphis virginiana) from October 1995 to March 2000 in northeastern Kansas to determine survival and cause-specific mortality of a furbearer community protected from trapping. Annual survival did not differ among years or between sexes for all species, but seasonal differences occurred for coyotes, raccoons and opossums. For coyotes, deaths from humans resulted in decreased survival in winter compared to summer. For raccoons and opossums, deaths from coyote predation resulted in decreased survival in winter compared to summer. Annual survival rates of coyotes (0.71), bobcats (0.77) and raccoons (0.71) were similar to those reported from lightly exploited populations. Annual survival of opossums (0.06) appeared to be extremely low although survival of opo...
An Automated Algorithm for Detection of Hydrometeor Returns in Micropulse Lidar Data

Abstract A cloud detection algorithm for a low power micropulse lidar is presented that attempts to identify all of the significant power returns from the vertical column above the lidar at all times. The main feature of the algorithm is construction of lidar power return profiles during periods of clear sky against which cloudy-sky power returns are compared. This algorithm supplements algorithms designed to detect cloud-base height in that the tops of optically thin clouds are identified and it provides an alternative approach to algorithms that identify significant power returns by analysis of changes in the slope of the backscattered powers with height. The cloud-base heights produced by the current algorithm during nonprecipitating periods are comparable with the results of a cloud-base height algorithm applied to the same data. Although an objective validation of algorithm performance on high, thin cirrus is lacking because of no truth data, the current algorithm produces few false positive and fals...
Congenital Hybrid Basal Cell Adenoma—Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Gland

A congenital parotid gland tumor involving the facial nerve was excised, revealing histologic and ultrastructural features of a basal cell adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. An asynchronous regional metastasis xvas successfully eradicated with adriamycin. Seven other similar appearing tumors occurring in neonates are documented in the literature and serve to establish this tumor as a clinicopathologic entity. The surrounding parotid gland had “d\s-plastic” changes attributed to obstruction during morphogenesis.
Rank-one matrix completion is solved by the sum-of-squares relaxation of order two

This note studies the problem of nonsymmetric rank-one matrix completion. We show that in every instance where the problem has a unique solution, one can recover the original matrix through the second round of the sum-of-squares/Lasserre hierarchy with minimization of the trace of the moments matrix. Our proof system is based on iteratively building a sum of N − 1 linearly independent squares, where N is the number of monomials of degree at most two, corresponding to the canonical basis (zα − z0α)2. Those squares are constructed from the ideal I generated by the constraints and the monomials provided by the minimization of the trace.
The End Is Different than The Middle: Spatially Dependent Dynamics in ZnO Rods Observed by Femtosecond Pump–Probe Microscopy

Pump–probe transient absorption microscopy was used to follow the electron–hole (e–h) recombination dynamics at different points within individual needle-shaped ZnO rods to characterize spatial dif...
Determination of Translational Landslide Slip Surface Depth Using Balanced Cross Sections

An apparently little-recognized but powerful technique for determining slip surface depth of translational landslides is the use of balanced cross-sections. Conceptually, the method is simple and the necessary parameters can be determined without subsurface exploration. To determine the depth of the slip surface for a given landslide, a longitudinal cross-section through the approximate center of the slide is drawn. From the cross section, the area of the depression (zone of depletion) formed at the head of the slide above the listric part of the slip surface is determined. The displacement along the planar (translational) part of the slide is also determined, either by direct field measurement or by some indirect method. Finally, the depth of the slip surface is determined by dividing the area of the depression by the displacement. Determining the slip surface displacement is likely to be the most uncertain aspect of the method. In some cases, the displacement can be determined directly by measurement of offset features such as roads, fences, or surface drains. However, in many, if not most cases, the displacement must be determined by indirect methods such as using displacements found along the scarp(s) of the landslide. In using scarps, the style of internal deformation of the slide mass is important. Styles of deformation include penetrative shear strain and/or the slippage along discrete shear planes. Based on the displacement determined from the scarp(s), a reasonable calculation of the slip surface depth can be made.
EXTRACELLULAR LACCASES: BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS FOR AGARICUS SYSTEMATICS

Isozyme analysis of extracellular laccases (ECLs) of Agaricus spp. on polyacrylamide gels revealed patterns of activity which were dissimilar between species but largely invariant within species. In many species the various ECL electromorphs in the culture medium appeared and disappeared, or became more or less abundant, in a temporal sequence of several weeks duration. There is a tendency for some ECL bands to increase in mobility by 1-2 percent as cultures age. Electrophoretic comparison of ECLs appears to be a promising method contributing toward systematic resolution and phylogenetic reconstruction in Agaricus.
Main amplifier power conditioning for the National Ignition Facility

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), being built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) will utilize a 18 MJ glass laser to study inertial confinement fusion This laser will be driven by a power conditioning system which must simultaneously deliver over 260 MJ of electrical energy to the nearly 7700 flashlamps The power conditioning system is divided into independent modules that store, shape and deliver pulses of energy to the flashlamps The NIF power conditioning system which is being designed and built by Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) in collaboration with LLNL and industrial partners, is a different architecture from any laser power conditioning system previously built at LLNL This particular design architecture was chosen as the most cost- effective way to reliably deliver the large amount of energy needed for NIF This paper will describe the development and design of the NIF power conditioning system It will discuss the design objectives as well as the key design issues and technical hurdles that are being addressed in an ongoing component development and system validation program being supported by both SNL and LLNL.
Rethinking Standards and Assessment in Dance Education (2015)

This chapter addresses the need to consider ethical issues, not just practical ones, in thinking about standards and assessment in primary and secondary dance education. The author asks what’s worth assessing and how assessment might facilitate learning and empower students and teachers, rather than judging and ranking them. Suggesting a number of dance standards that support significant life skills, the author compares her proposal to that from a consortium of business and educational leaders identifying skills needed by twenty-first century graduates, then excavates and critiques underlying values in both.
Prediction of Heat Recovery Characteristics of Oxyfuel Combustion Boiler Using CFD

Oxyfuel combustion is one of the promising technologies to reduce CO2 emission from pulverized coal fired power plant. In order to apply this technology to the commercial boiler, it is important to predict the boiler performance (especially heat recovery characteristics) in Oxyfuel combustion condition. In this study, prediction of heat recovery characteristics of Oxyfuel combustion boiler using CFD was conducted. As a result, it was shown that the same boiler performance can be achieved in Oxyfuel combustion mode as that in Air combustion mode.