cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation on an adenovirus outbreak in Fenghua, Zhejiang Province

Objective To understand an adenovirus outbreak in Fenghua by epidemiological investigation and laboratory detection, so as to provide basis for taking effective control measures timely. Methods The adenovirus outbreak in a swimming pool in Fenghua in 2016 was investigated to analyze the course of disease and epidemiological characteristics. The throat swab samples were collected and detected by real-time PCR. The positive adenovirus specimens were further isolated. The hexon regions were amplified and sequenced. All the sequences were compared based on BLAST in GenBank, and cladogram of adenovirus hexon gene was constructed by MEGA5.2 to identify the exact adenovirus type. Results The epidemic lasted 15 days with a total of 18 hospitalized cases whose main clinical symptoms were fever, suppurative tonsillitis and bloodshot eyes. All the cases exposed to the same swimming pool within 1-5 days before the onset. Ten throat swab samples were respiratory adenovirus positive by PCR with a CT value of 17-26. BLAST analysis on hexon gene showed that the 6 adenovirus isolates had the same sequence. The phylogenetic tree revealed that these isolates were all adenovirus B subsets, which were homologous to those of human adenovirus type 3 with 99.1%-99.8% similarity. Conclusions This outbreak of acute respiratory tract infections is caused by human adenovirus type 3. Key words: Adenoviruses, human; Epidemiology; Genotype
YES1 amplification as a primary driver of lung tumorigenesis and YES1/YAP1 amplifications as mediators of acquired resistance (AR) to ALK and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

e21591Background: Our previous work identified YES1 amplification as a mechanism of AR to EGFR TKIs. The current study investigates the potential role of YES1 amplification as a primary driver of t...
Emotion expression in a socially assistive robot for persons with Parkinson's disease

Emotions are crucial for human social interactions and thus people communicate emotions through a variety of modalities: kinesthetic (through facial expressions, body posture and gestures), auditory (the acoustic features of speech) and semantic (the content of what they say). Sometimes however, communication channels for certain modalities can be unavailable (e.g., in the case of texting), and sometimes they can be compromised, due to a disorder such as Parkinson's disease (PD) that may affect facial, gestural and speech expressions of emotions. To address this, we developed a prototype for an emoting robot that can detect emotions in one modality, specifically in the content of speech, and then express them in another modality, specifically through gestures. The system consists of two components: detection and expression of emotions. In this paper we present the development of the expression component of the emoting system. We focus on its dynamical properties that use a spring model for smooth transitions between emotion expressions over time. This novel method compensates for varying utterance frequency and prediction errors coming from the emotion recognition component. We also describe the input the dynamical expression component receives from the emotion detection component, the development and validation of the output comprising of the gestures instantiated in the robot, and the implementation of the system. We present results from a human validation study that shows people perceive the robot gestures, generated by the system, as expressing the emotions in the speech content. Also, we show that people's perceptions of the accuracy of emotion expression is significantly higher for a mass-spring dynamical system than a system without a mass-spring when specific detection errors are present. We discuss and suggest future developments of the system and further validation experiments. This paper is part of a larger project to develop a prototype for a socially assistive robot for PD persons. The goal is to present the technical implementation of one robot capability: emotion expression.
P165 Physical Activity: What Do Older Adults Need and Want?

Background Physical activity (PA) is an integral part of successful aging. However, many older adults (OAs) are not meeting current PA recommendations. Objective To assess the PA needs, preferences, and practices of community-residing OAs. Study Design, Setting, Participants This qualitative study assessed the PA needs and preferences of 117 community-residing OAs. Thirteen focus groups (FG) were held in Iowa (IA, 5 FG) and Washington, DC (DC, 8 FG). FG discussions centered on perceived PA needs, motivators and barriers, and preferred PA programming attributes. Each FG was audio-recorded. Participants also completed a sociodemographic survey. IA participants (n = 51) were recruited at congregate meal sites while DC participants (n = 66) were recruited from 2 OAs volunteer programs. Measurable Outcome/Analysis FG recordings were transcribed verbatim and reviewed for major themes using standard theme analysis protocols. Sociodemographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Kruskal-Wallis H Test assessed between group differences for sociodemographic attributes (P Results The mean age of participants was 74.4 ± 7.0 years. Participants were mostly educated (77.2%) females (83.1%) in “average or higher” health (84.8%). IA participants were more educated than DC participants (P Conclusions This sample of community-residing OAs are not meeting PA recommendations. The perceived PA needs and preferences were similar regardless of being rural- or urban-residing. These findings provide useful information to better enable tailoring of PA messaging and programming for community-residing OAs.
Merit-Based Incentive Payment System Scores in Ophthalmology and Optometry.

ABSTRACT In 2017, ophthalmologists had a higher mean final MIPS score than both optometrists and all other physicians combined.
Pressure Urticaria in an Infant Appearing Similar to Physical Abuse

A healthy Hispanic boy was born via cesarean delivery after an uncomplicated pregnancy. At 4 weeks old , his parents brought him to the emergency department for bruising on both soles of the feet. At 6 weeks old, his parents brought him to primary care for new bruises on his arms and back. After evaluation, primary care referred the patient to the emergency department. The parents denied any recent trauma, fever, cough, decreased urine, or change in appetite. Because of 2 episodes of unexplained bruising, the Department of Children and Families was granted emergency custody of the child. Hematology and ophthalmology did not identify any clear abnormalities. Skeletal surveys were normal. Dermatology was consulted. The examination was normal except for pink blanching patches on the upper back and linearly arranged pink blanching papules on the right lower leg. No crusting, erosions, hyperpigmentation, purpura, petechiae, or ecchymoses were seen. These lesions completely resolved the next day. He tested positive for dermatographism and developed similar lesions on his soles after pushing his feet down onto a soft surface. The intermittent urticarial skin changes were most consistent with physical urticaria. Such lesions could be mistaken for trauma; however, blood vessel damage typically results in progressive coloration changes for >1 day. At the emergency court hearing, given the concurring medical opinions of the dermatologist, pediatrician, and Child Protective Services, the judge returned full custody to the parents. This case reveals the value of dermatologic expertise in assessing skin changes, particularly those associated with physical abuse.
RADx Tech Viability and Steering Panels: A Model for MedTech Translational Grant Review

RADxSM Tech's mission is to rapidly accelerate deployment of SARS-CoV-2 tests and could not utilize typical grant application and review processes that can run 4 to 6 months. Instead, RADx Tech leveraged methodologies developed by CIMIT and utilized by POCTRN as described further in this special issue. RADx Tech uses a multi-stage review with two review panels, a Viability Panel and a Steering Panel, that are supported by subject matter experts and a Deep Dive team. Members of the panels have extensive commercialization and business experience in addition to scientific and technical knowledge. The Viability Panel is responsible for assessing whether the proposal is a good fit with the RADx Tech Program and whether it should be recommended to move into a Deep Dive. Less detailed information is requested in the application than a typical SBIR application since the application is refined and details added during the Deep Dive. The Steering Panel reviews the results from the Deep Dive and decides whether to recommend further funding. Everyone on the Viability Panel and Steering Panel reviews every application, thereby providing consistency and context for the reviewers. Utilization of an “assess, improve, and then select” process with review panels comprised of highly experienced review panel members has resulted in improved timing, efficiency, and effectiveness of reviews and has the potential to be extensible beyond RADx Tech.
Digitally shaped ethnographic relationships during a global pandemic and beyond

Social distancing and public safety measures enacted in response to COVID-19 created a surge in methodological “advice” for researchers facing disruption to fieldwork. Resources and publications fr...
Patterns of intra- and inter-population genetic diversity in Alaskan coho salmon: Implications for conservation

Little is known about the genetic diversityof coho salmon in Alaska, although this arearepresents half of the species' North Americanrange. In this study, nine microsatellite lociwere used to genotype 32 putative coho salmonpopulations from seven regions of Alaska. Theprimary objectives were to estimate andevaluate the degree and spatial distribution ofneutral genetic diversity within and amongpopulations of Alaskan coho salmon. Geneticanalysis yielded four results that provideinsight into forces influencing geneticdiversity in Alaskan coho salmon and haveimportant conservation implications: 1)significant population differentiation wasfound within each region; 2) the degree ofdifferentiation (FST = 0.099) amongpopulations was as large or larger than thatreported for other Pacific salmon species inAlaska; 3) phenetic clustering of populationsshowed weak geographic concordance; 4) stronggenetic isolation by distance was only apparentat the finest geographic scale (within adrainage). These results suggest that cohosalmon populations are small relative topopulations of other Pacific salmon, and thegenetic diversity within and among coho salmonpopulations is influenced primarily by geneticdrift, and not gene flow. Resource managementand conservation actions affecting coho salmonin Alaska must recognize that the populationsare generally small, isolated, and probablyexhibit local adaptation to different spawningand freshwater rearing habitats. These factorsjustify managing and conserving Alaskan cohosalmon at a fine geographic scale.
A safe approach to explore/identify the V2 segment of the vertebral artery during anterior approaches to cervical spine and/or arterial repairs: anatomical study: Laboratory investigation

Object The purpose of this study was to find a landmark according to which the surgeon can dissect the cervical spine safely, with the lowest possibility of damaging the vertebral artery (VA) during anterior approaches to the cervical spine or the VA. Methods The “safe zone” for each level of the cervical spine was described as an area where the surgeon can start from the midline in that zone and dissect the soft tissue laterally to end up on the transverse process and cross the VA while still on the transverse process. In other words, safe zone signifies the narrowest width of the transverse process at each level. In such an approach, the VA is protected from the inadvertent deep penetration of the instruments by the transverse process. The surgical safe zone for each level was the common area among at least 95% of the safe zones for that level. For the purpose of defining the upper and lower borders of the safe zone for each level, the line passing from the upper vertebral border perpendicular to the mi...
Product-Mix Decisions Under Activity-Based Costing With Resource Constraints And Non-proportional Activity Costs

Companies adopting activity-based costing as a management and decision-making tools should be aware of its potential drawbacks. Activity-based costing relies heavily on the assumption of proportional activity cost structures. Further, it ignores resource and technological constraints. I argue in this article that both problems can be addressed through the integration of the activity-based costing with operational decisions based on Goldratts Theory of Constraints, (TOC). The proposed approach offers the added benefit of mitigating the short-run bias of the TOC approach in product-mix decisions.
A Comparison of Veteran and Nonveteran Motivations and Reasons for Participating in Clinical Trials

ABSTRACT Objective: Knowledge of distinct motivations and reasons toward or against future trial participation is invaluable to any organization conducting trial research. Study delays often occur due to lack of recruitment. This study's primary objective was to compare veteran and nonveteran motivations and reasons. Methods: People in two outpatient waiting rooms were approached. The questionnaire assessed motivation toward trial involvement through use of five-point Likert-type scales and hypothetical trial scenarios; it also analyzed reasons for participation through subject ranking of reasons. Results: Veterans were more likely to participate in a trial in which all participants received the active treatment (p = 0.025). Veterans had different reasons for participation than nonveterans. Specifically, veterans felt altruism and “paying back” people who treated them were more important (p = 0.024 and p = 0.003) while financial compensation for volunteering was less important (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Kn...
MATERNAL DEPRESSION IN ASSOCIATION WITH FATHERS’ INVOLVEMENT WITH THEIR INFANTS: SPILLOVER OR COMPENSATION/BUFFERING?

Both concurrent and prospective associations between maternal depression and father involvement were tested to evaluate support for the spillover model (higher depressive symptom levels associated with lower father involvement) and the compensatory/buffering model (higher depressive symptom levels associated with higher father involvement). Participants in this longitudinal study were women at risk for perinatal depression in association with their histories of mood or anxiety disorders, their husbands/partners, and their infants at 3, 6, and 12 months of age. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured with depression rating scales at multiple times over the infants' first year. Paternal involvement was measured with a questionnaire (relative perceived responsibility) and a time diary (accessibility and engagement) inquiring about a recent weekday and a recent weekend, completed in a telephone interview, at infant ages 3, 6, and 12 months. Findings consistently supported the compensatory/buffering model for depression in the first 6 months' postpartum, along with an indication of spillover regarding maternal depressive symptoms that persist into the second half of the infants' first year. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical practice and policy as well as suggestions for future research.
EVALUATION OF MIXING ENERGY IN LABORATORY FLASKS

Turbulence generated in the Swirling flask (SF) and the Baffled flask (BF) by an orbital shaker (at 150 RPM) were examined using hot-wire anemometer (HWA) data. Two-dimensional (i.e. radial and azimuthal) velocity measurements were used to determine dissipation rates, and Kolmogorov microscales within the flasks. The energy dissipation rate in the BF was about one order of magnitude larger than that in the SF. The size of the Kolmogorov microscale in the BF was smaller than that in the SF, thereby allowing for better mixing.
A Case-Control Study of Running Injuries: Comparison of Patterns-of Runners With and Without Running Injuries.

It has been reported that 70% of runners suffer from injuries at some time during their running career, and that the majority of these injuries tend to be recurrent. With over 40 million people in the U.S. currently running, an understanding of epidemiological factors relating to running injuries may prove useful for early recognition and prevention of potential problems. This study surveyed 250 runners to determine the prevalence and patterns of running injuries; 62% of the sample reported having pain of injuries related to running. Runners were divided into two groups based on whether they reported pain or injuries related to running in the last 2 years (cases), or were totally asymptomatic (controls). The two groups were compared for years run, miles run per week, stretching time, involvement in other sports, involvement in strength training, and type of running shoes worn. The cases ran slightly more miles, spent less time doing supplemental strengthening, and were less involved in other sports. The cases spent more time stretching, but had a higher proportion of "nonstretchers." There was also a higher proportion of females among the cases. The main limitation of the study was the sample size. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1986;8(2):81-84.
Polarographically active carbohydrates in tissues

Abstract Polarographically active nitrogen containing carbohydrate (“C h -” and “C-substances”), present in rapidly proliferating normal and cancerous animal and plant tissues appears to be identical. The same substances were also found in the extracts of “germ cells”. In noncancerous and nonproliferating tissues, with the exception of “germ” cells the “C-substances” appear to be present in polarographically inactive, bound form. Treatment with pepsin liberates the active component. The possible relation of the “C-” and “C h -substances” to the mitiotic activity of tissues and a relationship between cellular components and regulation of animal and plant cells is discussed.
Ministry of Fear: The 1947 National Security Act in Historical and Institutional Context

The Bush administration’s plan for a new Department of Homeland Security is often described as the most comprehensive effort at institutional reform since the 1947 National Security Act (NSA). Unfortunately, many of the references to the NSA are misleading. This study surveys the debates that culminated in the passage of the NSA, then traces the evolution of the key agencies created by the NSA from 1947 to 1991. The author considers why so little institutional reform took place during the period between the end of the Cold War and the attacks of September 11, 2001, and then offers some points of reference for the evolving debate about post-9/11 reform of the national security bureaucracy. He concludes that the president and Congress risk weakening, rather than strengthening, U.S. national security if they create a Department of Homeland Security but leave in place an institutional infrastructure that was designed for a different time and a different set of problems.
Leadership and the more-important-than-average effect: Overestimation of group goals and the justification of unethical behavior

This research investigates the empirical assumptions behind the claim that leaders exaggerate the importance of their group’s goals more so than non-leaders and that they may use these beliefs to j...
Temporal modulation sensitivity of the blue mechanism: measurements made with extraretinal chromatic adaptation.

Abstract Using the counterphase-modulated-tritan-metamers method of Wisowaty and Boynton [Vision Res.20, 895–909 (1980)], we measured the modulation sensitivity function of the blue mechanism on dark backgrounds and on uniform yellow backgrounds that were produced either by illuminating the retina with yellow light or by filling-in of a stabilized retinal image. When measured on yellow backgrounds, temporal modulation sensitivity was markedly reduced whether the background was produced by retinal illumination or by filling-in. This sensitivity reduction has been attributed by other researchers to changes in the transmission characteristics of the blue/yellow pathway caused by yellow adaptation. Our results obtained with backgrounds that appeared yellow due to filling-in indicate that the site of adaptation must be extraretinal as there was no yellow light reaching the retina in the vicinity of the test probe.
Non-target impacts of soybean rust fungicides on the fungal entomopathogens of soybean aphid.

Abstract Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, has caused serious economic damage to soybean across the North Central US since its introduction to North America in 2000. The management of another invasive soybean pest, Asian soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, using foliar fungicide applications has the potential to impact soybean aphid populations by suppressing beneficial fungal entomopathogens. In 2005 and 2006, we applied recommended soybean rust fungicide treatments, consisting of strobilurin and triazole fungicides, to small soybean plots in two locations to assess if such applications might suppress aphid fungal epizootics. In Lamberton, MN, in 2005, during the epizootic, fungicide-treated plots averaged 2.0 ± 0.7% (mean ± SE) disease prevalence while untreated plots averaged 14.2 ± 5.6%. In 2007, we applied strobilurin and strobilurin–triazole mix fungicides to single-plant microplots either before or after release of Pandora neoaphidis, the most commonly observed aphid pathogen in 2005 and 2006. Treatments that contained a mixture of two active ingredients significantly lowered peak and cumulative aphid disease prevalence in both early and late reproductive stage soybeans indicating that fungicide mixtures used to manage soybean rust can negatively impact an aphid-specific fungal pathogen. However, no consistent soybean aphid population response was observed in these studies of low levels of aphid fungal infection.
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) mimicks the effect of diffuse light input on EEG correlates of conditioned operant behavior in cats

Abstract Cats deprived of food and trained to press a lever for a milk reward, displayed postreinforcement EEG synchronization (PRS) associated with epicortical steady potential shift, i.e., “reward contingent positive variation” (RCPV) over the striate and parastriate cortex. Both phenomena depend on the input of diffuse light, even in subjects trained to perform in darkness. LSD-25 (15–30 μg/kg, im) restored the PRS-RCPV phenomena in total darkness. Pentobarbital (0.8–1 mg/kg, im) was ineffective although it significantly enhanced the PRS-RCPV responses in the presence of light. Some animals were more sensitive than others to LSD-25, and after administration of 20–30 μg/kg intramuscularly, showed dissociation between the EEG patterns and rewarded lever-pressing performance, which was particularly striking in the presence of ambient light.
Clinicopathologic features of renomedullary interstitial cell tumor presenting as the main solid renal mass.

Objective To review the clinical, pathologic, and radiographic features of renomedullary interstitial cell tumor (RMICT). This is a rare benign renal tumor formerly known as medullary fibroma and is indistinguishable from other renal cortical tumors by imaging. Methods After institutional review board approval, we reviewed data on patients from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center kidney tumor database from 1989 to 2012 (4898 patients) with a pathologic diagnosis of RMICT or medullary fibroma as the main resected tumor. Data collected included procedure, age, gender, presentation, preoperative tumor characteristics (size, location, nearness to collecting system, and RENAL nephrometry score), and final pathologic size. Results Ten patients (0.2%) with RMICT were identified. All patients had undergone partial nephrectomy for 10 tumors (9 right). Clinical presentation was incidental to abdominal imaging performed for another clinical reason in 6 patients, as part of a hematuria evaluation in 2 patients, and as part of nephrolithiasis follow-up imaging in 2 patients. The mean patient age was 52 years (range, 39-73), and 8 patients were female. The mean preoperative and final pathologic tumor size was 1.65 cm (range, 1.0-2.5) and 0.96 cm (range, 0.3-1.7), respectively. The location of the tumors was medullary (0-9 mm from the collecting system) in 8 patients and cortical (2.5 cm mostly exophytic and 1.5 cm mostly endophytic tumor) in 2 patients. Conclusion Our data demonstrate a female predominance, a mean tumor size of
(t,He 4 ) Reaction on the Even Ni Isotopes

A beam of 15-MeV tritons was used to bombard thin targets of ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{58}$, ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{60}$, ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{62}$, and ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{64}$. States up to several MeV of excitation in ${\mathrm{Co}}^{57}$, ${\mathrm{Co}}^{59}$, ${\mathrm{Co}}^{61}$, and ${\mathrm{Co}}^{63}$ were observed by means of the ($t$,${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$) reaction. Spin and parity assignments were made by comparing the experimental angular distributions with distributions from states whose assignments are known, by comparing them with the predictions of a distorted-wave calculation, and from shell-model considerations. In the reaction to each of the four Co nuclides, we observed several ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ transitions in addition to the strong ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ ground-state transition, one to three relatively weak ${p}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ transitions, and two strong transitions representing the major fragments of the ${(2{s}_{\frac{1}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${(1{d}_{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ shell-model states. The ${s}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ transition occurs at a lower excitation energy than the ${d}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ transition, an ordering which is the inverse of that previously observed in the ($d$,${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$) reaction on Ti nuclides. There is no evidence that the strong $Q$ dependence of angular distributions previously observed in the (${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$,$t$) reaction occurs in the ($t$,${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$) reaction. The distorted-wave calculation comparison suggests that refinements in the calculation are needed.
Mixed conduction in Cr-doped GaAs

Abstract Hall-effect and magnetoresistance measurements have been carried out in GaAs : Cr as functions of magnetic field strength (B = 0–18kG) and temperature (T = 125–420°K). Independent solutions for the mobilities, μn and μp, and the carrier concentrations, n and p, are obtained from the basic mixed-conductivity equations. These quantities, as well as the intrinsic carrier concentration, ni are then calculated as a function of temperature for one sample, and subsequent analysis yields the following values in the range T = 360–420°K: an acceptor (presumably Cr) energy EA = 0.69±0.02eV (from the valence band); the bandgap energy Eg = Eg0 + αT, with Ego = 1.48±0.02eV, α ≅ 3.2 × 10 −4 eV ° K ; μ n = 2700± 100 cm 2 V sec , decreasing slightly with temperature; = 350± 50 cm 2 V sec ; and an acceptor-to-donor concentration ratio, itNA/ND≅8. The electron mobility appears to be limited by neutral impurity scattering, with NA ≅ 2 × 1016cm−3. Several other samples were also investigated but as a function of temperature only (at B = 0). At room temperature both positive (p-type) and negative (n-type) Hall coefficients were observed.
Interference of Independent Photon Beams

Interference effects produced by the superposition of the light beams from two independent single-mode lasers have been investigated experimentally. It is found that interference takes place even under conditions in which the light intensities are so low that, with high probability, one photon is absorbed before the next one is emitted by one or the other source. Since the average number of registered photons per trial was only about 10, photon correlation techniques were required to demonstrate the interference. The interpretation of the experiment, and the question whether it demonstrates interference between two photons, are discussed.
Magnetic properties of the mixed-valence compounds CaMn3O6 and CaMn4O8☆

Abstract The preparation of two new mixed-valence compounds, CaMn3O6 and CaMn4O8, are described and their magntic and EPR behavior investigated. The Mn moments in both compounds have nearly spinonly values. CaMn3O6 and CaMn4O8 order ferrimagnetically near 3 and 89 K, respectively. The broad, Lorentzian EPR lines indicate a significant exchange interaction between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions. The magnetic and EPR results suggest a strong ferromagnetic interaction between Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions and a comparable antiferromagnetic Mn3+Mn3+ and/or Mn+Mn4+ interaction.
Role of epidermal growth factor and ErbB2 receptors in 3T3-L1 adipogenesis.

Objective: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, but EGF action in differentiation is less clear. EGF promotes differentiation at concentrations <1 nM but inhibits differentiation at higher concentrations, suggesting a dual role in adipogenesis. We hypothesized that differences in EGF receptor activation and downstream signaling mediate distinct biological effects of EGF at low vs. high abundance. Research Methods and Procedures: We compared the effects of low (0.1 nM) vs. high (10 nM) EGF on the activation of EGF receptors, proximal signaling molecules Src and Shc, and the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 in proliferating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Results: Both low and high EGF activated ERK and p38 in preadipocytes. Src inhibitors PP1 and PP2 blocked ERK and p38 activation by low but not high EGF, and only high EGF increased Shc phosphorylation. Selective inhibition of the EGF receptor (EGFR) with AG1478 blocked ERK and p38 activation at both concentrations; however, selective inhibition of the ErbB2 receptor (EB2R) with AG825 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked low but not high EGF activation of ERK and p38. Coimmunoprecipitation of EGFR with EB2R and Src was observed with low EGF in preadipocytes but at both concentrations in adipocytes. EB2R inhibition during differentiation decreased p38 activity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) abundance. Discussion: Our results show that EGFR homodimers mediate action of EGF at high abundance, but at low abundance, EGF promotes differentiation through EGFR/EB2R heterodimer activation of Src and p38. These results may partially explain the observations that high EGF concentrations inhibit, whereas low concentrations support, preadipocyte differentiation.
Learning Behaviors Mediating the Effects of Behavior Problems on Academic Outcomes

This study examined the relationships between behavior problems, learning behaviors, and educational outcomes for at-risk preschool children. A sample of Head Start children (N = 196) was selected in the southeast United States. Behavior problems were assessed using the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (LeBuffe & Naglieri, 1999) and learning behaviors were assessed using the Preschool Learning Behavior Scale (McDermott, Leigh, & Perry, 2002). Academic outcomes included measures of literacy and mathematics, collected using subscales from the Galileo System for the Electronic Management of Learning (Bergan et al., 2003). Children's behavior problems were found to predict their learning behaviors as well as their mathematics and literacy yearly gains. Furthermore, learning behaviors were found to mediate the effect of behavior problems on literacy and mathematics. The findings of the study provide a preliminary explanation regarding the mechanism through which behavior problems relate to academic outcomes...
The synthesis of an aqua trans-diphosphine complex of ruthenium: crystal structure of trans-[Ru(H2O)(PEt3) 2(trpy)](ClO4)2· 3H2O

Abstract The complexes cis- and trans-[Ru(Cl)2(PEt3)- (trpy)], trans-[Ru(Cl)(PEt3)2(trpy)](Cl) and [Ru- (L)(PEt3)2(trpy)](ClO4)x (trpy = 2,2′,2′'-terpyridine; L = NO2, NO, OH2; x = 1−3) were prepared. A novel synthetic strategy was employed to form the aqua trans-diphosphine complex because of the difficulty of forming it via a direct pathway. Characterization by electronic spectroscopy, electrochemistry and elemental analysis was conducted. The species [Ru(H2O)(PEt3)2(trpy)](ClO4)2·3H2O was further characterized by an X-ray structural analysis and is the first aqua trans-diphosphine complex of ruthenium to be synthesized. The complex [Ru- (H2O)(PEt3)2(trpy)](ClO4)2·3H2O crystallized in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 9.886(5), b = 19.289(7), c = 20.255-(6) A, β = 92.88(3)° and Z = 4. Diffraction data were collected on a Syntex P21 automated diffractometer and the structure refined to RF= 8.8% for all 3407 reflections (RF = 7.5% for those 2771 data with I> 3σ(I)). The structure contains a disordered PEt3 ligand, highly librating ClO4− ions and (possibly) a less than unit occupancy for certain H2O molecules of solvation. The [Ru(H2O)(PEt3)2(trpy)]2+ cation has the trpy ligand in mer configuration and mutually trans PEt3 ligands. Metal-ligand distances are RuN = 2.091(9), 1.952(9), 2.087(8) A; Ru PEt3 = 2.405(3), 2.411(4) A; RuH2O = 2.218(4) A.
Quantitative determination of furazolidone and nifuroxime in a water-soluble suppository base

Abstract A thin-layer chromatographic procedure has been developed for the analysis of furazolidone and nifuroxime in suppositories.The sample is dissolved in a suitable solvent and chromatographed.The separated nitrofurans are then compared to respective standards densitometrically.The coefficient variation is 2.4% for furazolidone and 2.7% for nifuroxime.Evidence is presented to indicate that only the intact compounds are measured.
The strange liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville

(1989). The strange liberalism of Alexis de Tocqueville. History of European Ideas: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 110-111.
ASYMPTOTICS OF A SPECTRAL PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH THE NEUMANN SIEVE

In this paper, we analyze the asymptotic behavior of a Stekloff spectral problem associated with the Neumann Sieve model, i.e. a three-dimensional set Ω, cut by a hyperplane Σ where each of the two-dimensional holes, ∊-periodically distributed on Σ, have diameter r∊. Depending on the asymptotic behavior of the ratios we find the limit problem of the ∊ spectral problem and prove that the sequences , formed by the nth eigenvalue of the ∊ problem, converge to λn, the nth eigenvalue of the limit problem, for any n ∈ N. We also prove the weak convergence, on a subsequence, of the associated sequence of eigenvectors , to an eigenvector associated with λn. When λn is a simple eigenvalue, we show that the entire sequence of the eigenvectors converges. As a consequence, similar results hold for the spectrum of the DtN map associated to this model.
How Much Physical Activity is Enough

(1996). How Much Physical Activity is Enough? Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 67, No. 4, pp. 33-37.
Shock models and the MIFRA property

Abstract Marshall and Shaked [6] have shown that some multivariate life distributions obtained from their shock model satisfy the IFRA conditions A and B of Esary and Marshall [5]. Block and Savits [2] have introduced a multivariate IFRA condition which is stronger than Conditions A and B. In this paper it is shown that the multivariate life distributions of Marshall and Shaked actually satisfy the Block-Savits MIFRA condition. As a consequence it follows that the damage processes associated with the Marshall-Shaked shock models are multivariate strongly IFRA in the sense of Block and Savits [3].
Lung transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Abstract Background Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease in women leading to respiratory failure. We describe a single-institution experience with lung transplantation for end-stage lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed records of patients transplanted for lymphangioleiomyomatosis between 1989 and 2001. Follow-up was complete on all patients (median 3.5 years). Results Seven single and 7 bilateral transplants were performed on 14 recipients (mean age 41.8 years). Eleven patients suffered the following intra-operative complications: dysrhythmia (1); blood loss > 1,000 ml (7); extensive pleural adhesions (10); hypothermia (1); phrenic nerve injury (1); and graft dysfunction (2). The following post-operative complications occurred in 11 recipients: dysrhythmia (7); respiratory failure (5); sepsis (3); airway dehiscence (2); vocal cord dysfunction (1); cholecystitis (1); deep vein thrombosis (1); acute renal failure (1); and pericarditis (1). Post-operative chylous fistulas necessitated thoracic duct ligation (1); sclerosis (6); and drainage of ascites (1). There were no peri-operative deaths. Late deaths occurred due to sepsis in 2 patients and obliterative bronchiolitis in 1 patient. Survival rates were 100%, 90% and 69% at (1, 2 and 5 years, respectively.) Mean FEV1 (1.77 ± 1.06 vs 0.60 ± 0.91) and 6-minute walk (1,519 ± 379 vs 826 ± 293 feet) improved at 1 year as compared with pre-transplant evaluation. Five patients reached criteria for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. One recipient has had a documented recurrence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis in the transplanted lung. Conclusions Early and late survival after lung transplant are comparable in lymphangioleiomyomatosis patients versus patients with other diseases. Morbidity is common after transplant for lymphangioleiomyomatosis and is usually due to lymphangioleiomyomatosis-related complications. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis recurrence in the allograft does not pose a substantial clinical problem.
Hemodynamics Is a Key Epigenetic Factor in Development of the Cardiac Conduction System

The His-Purkinje system (HPS) is a network of conduction cells responsible for coordinating the contraction of the ventricles. Earlier studies using bipolar electrodes indicated that the functional maturation of the HPS in the chick embryo is marked by a topological shift in the sequence of activation of the ventricle. Namely, at around the completion of septation, an immature base-to-apex sequence of ventricular activation was reported to convert to the apex-to-base pattern characteristic of the mature heart. Previously, we have proposed that hemodynamics and/or mechanical conditioning may be key epigenetic factors in development of the HPS. We thus hypothesized that the timing of the topological shift marking maturation of the conduction system is sensitive to variation in hemodynamic load. Spatiotemporal patterns of ventricular activation (as revealed by high-speed imaging of fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye) were mapped in chick hearts over normal development, and following procedures previously characterized as causing increased (conotruncal banding, CTB) or reduced (left atrial ligation, LAL) hemodynamic loading of the embryonic heart. The results revealed that the timing of the shift to mature activation displays striking plasticity. CTB led to precocious emergence of mature HPS function relative to controls whereas LAL was associated with delayed conversion to apical initiation. The results from our study indicate a critical role for biophysical factors in differentiation of specialized cardiac tissues and provide the basis of a new model for studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in induction and patterning of the HPS in vivo.
Inhibition by ozone of the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate in mitochondria and microsomes from rat lung.

Abstract The synthesis of lipids from [U- 14 C]glycerol 3-phosphate by mitochondrial or microsomal fractions from rat lung was inhibited by ozone. The susceptible reaction was the first acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate. Enzymes unaffected by the ozone exposure included: acyl-CoA thioesterase, acyl-CoA thiokinase, acyl-CoA:acylglycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and acyl-CoA:acylglycerophosphocholine acyltransferase. The effect of ozone on lipid synthesis is closely comparable to the inhibition by N -ethylmaleimide suggesting that the effect of ozone is the oxidation of enzyme sulfhydryl groups. There was no indication of lipid oxidation caused by ozone and no indication of the production of a stable toxic compound.
Thermal barrier coating life and isothermal oxidation of low-pressure plasma-sprayed bond coat alloys

The paper investigates the isothermal oxidation kinetics of Ni-35Cr-6Al-0.95Y, Ni-18Cr-12Al-0.3Y, and Ni-16Cr-6Al-0.3Y low-pressure plasma-sprayed bond coat alloys and examines the effect of these alloys on the thermal barrier coating (TBC) cyclic life. TBC life was examined by cycling substrates coated with the different bond coats and a ZrO2-7 wt pct Y2O3 TBC in an air-rich burner rig flame between 1150 C and room temperature. The oxidation kinetics of the three bond coat alloys was examined by isothermal oxidation of monolithic NJiCrAlY coupons at 1083 C. The Ni-35Cr-6Al-0.95Y alloy exhibits comparatively high isothermal oxidation weight gains and provides the longest TBC life, whereas the Ni-16Cr-6Al-0.3Y alloy had the lowest weight gains and provided the shortest TBC life. The results show that, although bond coat oxidation is known to have a strong detrimental effect on TBC life, it is not the only bond coat factor that determines TBC life.
Preliminary Studies of Laser-Induced Thermal Emission Spectroscopy of Condensed Phases:

Laser-Induced Thermal Emission (LITE) spectroscopy is introduced as an analytical technique for condensed-phase specimens. In this technique, a laser beam is used to locally heat the specimen, and the mid-infrared thermal emission is observed. Two different materials and different thicknesses of each material were examined with LITE. The equilibrium temperature attained during a LITE measurement was estimated to be about 50°C. The advantages of LITE over conventional thermal emission are noted. The multiple dimensions of information present and some of the potential analytical applications of LITE are discussed.
Exploring the Reactive Extensions in JavaScript

What's does a mouse drag event have in common with an Array of numbers?The answer to this question may surprise you: they are both collections. This key insight holds the key to dramatically simplifying asynchronous programming in JavaScript. In this talk you will learn how you can use the familiar JavaScript Array#extras methods to create surprisingly expressive asynchronous programs. Using just a few functions, you will learn how to do the following: Declaratively build complex events out of simple events (ex. drag n' drop) Coordinate and sequence multiple Ajax requests Reactively update UIs in response to data changes Eliminate memory leaks caused by neglecting to unsubscribe from events Gracefully propagate and handle asynchronous exceptions In this talk we'll be exploring the Reactive Extensions for JavaScript (Rx) library (https://github.com/Reactive-Extensions/RxJS) which allows us to treat events as collections. We'll also contrast RxJS with Promises, CSP and other popular approaches to building asynchronous programs in JavaScript. We'll also dive into the future with RxJS with generators, transducers, and even query transformations.
Are Parental Attitudes Related to Adolescent Juvenile Offenders’ Readiness to Change?

Contemporary research suggests that many factors contribute to adolescent problematic and delinquent behaviors; however, there is little discussion in the literature related to factors that contribute to an adolescent's willingness to change these maladaptive behaviors. The current study examines the role parental attitudes play in the adolescent juvenile offender's readiness to change. Ninety-five adjudicated adolescents and their parent or legal guardian completed the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA) and the Juvenile Offender Parent Questionnaire (JOPQ), respectively. Participants fell into one of two URICA groups: Precontemplative or Contemplative. Parental attitudes (JOPQ) of Exasperation in Regard to the Child and Fear of the Child significantly predicted membership in two of the URICA stages of change groups (Precontemplative and Contemplative) when gender was included in the model. This study has important implications for practitioners developing effective treatments for adjudicated adolescents.
Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation machines and devices

The Installation, patient connections, and additional features of nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation machines and devices are reviewed. Desirable features include standardized equipment to provide ready resuscltative devices.
Cocaine's colocalized effects on synaptic serotonin and dopamine in ventral tegmentum in a reinforcement paradigm.

The effect of subcutaneous (SC) cocaine (20 mg/kg) on synaptic concentrations of the biogenic amines, dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) in Ventral Tegmental Area, (VTA-[A10]) was studied in freely moving and behaving rats (rattus norvegicus) with in vivo voltammetry (in vivo electrochemistry). The actual detection of the biogenic amines was on-line and within a temporal resolution of seconds. Simultaneously, the psychostimulant behavior induced by cocaine was studied by infrared photocell beam detection. The results show that cocaine concurrently and significantly increased synaptic concentrations of DA (p < 0.0001) and 5-HT (p < 0.004) in VTA. Serotonin changes were accompanied by a notable oscillatory pattern. Importantly, DA and 5-HT changes in VTA were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.01). Moreover, psychostimulant behaviors induced by cocaine were significantly increased over control values (p < 0.0001). Psychostimulant behaviors were significantly correlated with concurrently changing synaptic concentrations of DA (p < 0.01) and also with 5-HT to a lesser degree. Additionally, behavioral data indicate that cocaine may exhibit an anxiolytic effect during acute administration because agoraphobic behavior, as shown by increased central ambulatory behavior, was dramatically reduced by cocaine. Summarily, the present findings show that cocaine increased synaptic concentrations of DA in VTA, an action that is correlated with cocaine-induced psychostimulant behavior. The DA-ergic effect appears to be tonically maintained. Furthermore, new findings demonstrate a colocalized, cocaine induced 5-HT-ergic effect in VTA, which keeps pace with cocaine-induced alterations in DA-ergic neurotransmission. Thus, 5-HT may be a relay or a gating mechanism for a DA reward signalling pathway for cocaine.
Coal liquefaction using ore catalysts

Abstract Ores and ore concentrates containing minerals of Co, Mo, Ni, Fe, and other potentially active metals have been investigated as slurry catalysts for liquefaction of Blacksville mine, Pittsburgh seam, bituminous coal. The tests were conducted batchwise in a stirred autoclave for 30 min at 425°C and 13.79 MPa (2000 psig) hydrogen pressure according to a two-cycle scheme. In the first cycle, the reaction charge consisted of ground coal, catalyst, hydrogen, and SRC-II heavy distillate. The product of the first cycle was hot-filtered, and the liquid product served as a vehicle for the second cycle, which was otherwise run identically to the first. Reaction products from each cycle were analysed to determine conversion of coal, yield of liquids, liquid product viscosity, and group type (preasphaltene, asphaltene, and oil). Mixtures of ores containing iron pyrites and minerals containing other catalytically active transition metals were compared to pyrites alone and to a pulverized supported Co-Mo-alumina catalyst. An ore catalyst containing both Fe and Ni was superior to another that contained an equivalent mass of iron alone. The best ore catalysts tested, in terms of high liquid yields and low product viscosities, were mixtures of pyrites and molybdenum- and cobalt-containing ores. The latter yielded results that approached those obtained with an equivalent mass of cobalt and molybdenum on an alumina support.