cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements of helical flow of a strong electrolyte with and without a transverse magnetic field

Abstract : An experiment to measure the MHD effects in an electrolyte is described. The configuration investigated is the slow flow of hydrochloric acid in a helix. At very low Reynolds number a transverse magnetic field is found to retard the flow in agreement with existing theory and with existing experimental results obtained using mercury. At higher Reynolds numbers where secondary flow in a helix becomes important the transverse magnetic field is found to reduce this secondary flow. A primary conclusion of this study is that the one fluid model of incompressible MHD flow is valid in the absence of large gradients. (Author)
Localization effects on superconductivity in homogeneous metallic glasses.

It is pointed out that localization effects on bulk superconductivity do exist and can be significant in homogeneous amorphous alloys (or typical metallic glasses) whose upper critical fields appear to follow the standard Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg-Maki (WHHM) curves. Owing to the similarity in the temperature dependence of critical fields predicted by the Fukuyama-Ebisawa-Maekawa theory of the weakly localized regime and the WHHM results over a very wide temperature range, these effects have escaped notice heretofore. Comparison of the electronic density of states obtained from specific-heat measurement (absence of field-induced delocalization effects) and the ''apparent'' one derived from fitting critical-field data reveals the aforementioned effects.
Spectroscopy and Dynamics of the Multiple Free OH Species at an Aqueous/Hydrophobic Interface

Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra and free induction decay (FID) measurements of the H2O/octadecylsilane (ODS)/silica interface in the free OH spectral region (∼3700 cm–1) show spatially inhomogeneous behavior. The SFG spectra and FIDs suggest an inhomogeneous response of the free OH, consisting of at least two distinct species at the interface with short and long coherence times. In most areas of the sample, an OH band at ∼3680 cm–1 with a short dephasing (<150 fs), assigned to the free OH of water interacting with the hydrophobic methyl group of ODS, was observed in agreement with previously reported SFG spectra of the H2O/ODS/silica interface. In a small fraction (∼20%) of the sample areas, a more intense peak at ∼3700 cm–1 was observed in the SFG spectrum characterized by significantly longer dephasing (∼760 fs) in the SFG-FID. Based on the peak position, as well as control experiments on octadecydimethylmethoxysilane (ODMS) monolayers and deuterium substitution experiments at the water/ODS/silic...
A robust mobile speed estimator in fading channels: performance analysis and experimental results

In this paper we propose a novel speed estimation technique, based on the characteristics of the power spectrum of mobile fading channels. Our analytic performance analysis, verified by Monte Carlo simulations, shows that the simple yet low-complexity estimator is not only robust to both Gaussian and non-Gaussian noises, but also insensitive to nonisotropic scattering observed in practical situations at the mobile. The estimator performs very well in both two- and three-dimensional propagation environments, where the latter case has not been studied so far, to the best of our knowledge. The utility of the new method is further demonstrated by applying it to the measured data
The convention game

This is the keynote speech of the 1976 North American Simulation and Gaming Association convention, together with the author’s 1999 comments on the topics covered. The first part of the speech describes a conference as a simulation game and pretends to be giving instructions on how to play this game. The second part of the speech purports to be a (simulated) keynote speech covering the usual topics: how the field has developed, what are the important issues, how experiential education and the computer have become important to simulation. It also addresses specific teaching simulations such as frame games, whole course games, simulation played in the community, and multiple reality simulations. The third and final part of the speech addresses larger issues, such as defining games and reality. It encourages us to transcend reward systems and looks at models of models, human potential and consciousness models, and the possibility of scorelessness in gaming.
Traffic Aware Scheduling Algorithm for Network on Chip

Steady advancements in semiconductor technology over the past few decades have lead to researchers have proposed Network-on-Chip (NoC) as the on-chip communication model. An efficient NoC design methodology is based upon several key design choices, such as: network topology selection, good routing policy and efficient application to NoC mapping. In this paper a novel off-line non-preemptive static Traffic Aware Scheduling (TAS) policy is proposed for hard NoC platforms. The proposed scheduling policy maps the application onto the NoC architecture keeping track of the network traffic, which is generated with every resource and communication path allocation. The main contribution of the proposed algorithm is that the application mapping and scheduling process are handled together and inter-process communication latency are dynamically calculated based on the application mapping and PE interaction. Our TAS algorithm has been evaluated for various design metrics such as application completion time, resource utilization and task throughput. Simulation results show significant improvements over traditional approaches.
Aid in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Inferences of Secondary Emotions and Intergroup Helping

This research examines inferences about the emotional states of ingroup and outgroup victims after a natural disaster, and whether these inferences predict intergroup helping. Two weeks after Hurri...
Mechanical endothelial damage results in basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases.

Abstract Background: Endothelial damage, such as that associated with balloon angioplasty or preparation of veins for bypass grafts, results in intimal hyperplasia. Growth factors and cytokines that modulate endothelial cell functions through various intracellular signaling pathways mediate rapid endothelial repair, which may prevent or reduce restenosis. Here we investigated the effect of mechanical injury of endothelial cells on the mitogen-activated kinase signaling pathways, extracellular-signal–regulated kinases (ERKs), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK), and p38. Methods: Confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells or bovine aortic endothelial cells were wounded with a razor blade; mitogen-activated kinase activation was monitored by immunoblotting with antibodies to active ERK, JNK/SAPK, or p38. Results: Wounding of human umbilical vein endothelial cell or bovine aortic endothelial cell monolayers resulted in rapid (5-minute) activation of ERK-1 and –2, which was abolished by monoclonal antibody to basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). This antibody or an inhibitor of ERK activation, PD98059, also blocked endothelial cell migration after the wounding. Thus FGF-2–induced ERK activation mediates the endothelial response to wounding. Conclusions: ERK-1 and -2 are activated by FGF-2 released from endothelial cells in response to injury. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing FGF-2–induced intimal hyperplasia should preserve ERK activation in endothelial cells while abolishing it in smooth muscle cells. (Surgery 1999:126:422-7.)
Tpa1p is part of an mRNP complex that influences translation termination, mRNA deadenylation, and mRNA turnover in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In this report, we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Tpa1p (for termination and polyadenylation) influences translation termination efficiency, mRNA poly(A) tail length, and mRNA stability. Tpa1p is encoded by the previously uncharacterized open reading frame YER049W. Yeast strains carrying a deletion of the TPA1 gene (tpa1) exhibited increased readthrough of stop codons, and coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed that Tpa1p interacts with the translation termination factors eRF1 and eRF3. In addition, the tpa1 mutation led to a 1.5- to 2-fold increase in the half-lives of mRNAs degraded by the general 533 pathway or the 335 nonstop decay pathway. In contrast, this mutation did not have any affect on the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway. Examination of mRNA poly(A) tail length revealed that poly(A) tails are longer than normal in a tpa1 strain. Consistent with a potential role in regulating poly(A) tail length, Tpa1p was also found to coimmunoprecipitate with the yeast poly(A) binding protein Pab1p. These results suggest that Tpa1p is a component of a messenger ribonucleoprotein complex bound to the 3 untranslated region of mRNAs that affects translation termination, deadenylation, and mRNA decay.
Extreme environments select for reproductive assurance: evidence from evening primroses (Oenothera)

Summary • Competing evolutionary forces shape plant breeding systems (e.g. inbreeding depression, reproductive assurance). Which of these forces prevails in a given population or species is predicted to depend upon such factors as life history, ecological conditions, and geographical context. Here, we examined two such predictions: that self-compatibility should be associated with the annual life history or extreme climatic conditions. • We analyzed data from a clade of plants remarkable for variation in breeding system, life history and climatic conditions (Oenothera, sections Anogra and Kleinia, Onagraceae). We used a phylogenetic comparative approach and Bayesian or hybrid Bayesian tests to account for phylogenetic uncertainty. Geographic information system (GIS)-based climate data and ecological niche modeling allowed us to quantify climatic conditions. • Breeding system and reproductive life span are not correlated in Anogra and Kleinia. Instead, self-compatibility is associated with the extremes of temperature in the coldest part of the year and precipitation in the driest part of the year. • In the 60 yr since this pattern was anticipated, this is the first demonstration of a relationship between the evolution of self-compatibility and climatic extremes. We discuss possible explanations for this pattern and possible implications with respect to anthropogenic climate change.
Investigation of Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Thermoelectric Applications

Thermoelectric materials with stable mechanical and chemical properties at high temperature are required for power generation applications. For example, gas temperatures up to 1000°C are normally present in the waste stream of industrial processes and this can be used for electricity generation. There are few semiconductor materials that can operate effectively at these high temperatures. One solution may be the use of wide bandgap materials, and in particular GaN-based materials, which may offer a traditional semiconductor solution for high temperatures thermoelectric power generation. In particular, the ability to both grow GaN-based materials and fabricate them into devices is well understood if their thermoelectric properties are favorable. To investigate the possibility of using III-Nitride and its alloys for thermoelectric applications, we synthesized and characterized room temperature thermoelectric properties of metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN and InGaN with different carrier concentrations and indium compositions. The promising value of Seebeck coefficients and power factors of Si-doped GaN and InGaN indicated that these materials are suitable for thermoelectric applications.
The influence of transdermally administered fentanyl on isoflurane requirements in normothermic and hypothermic dogs

Intraoperative reductions in serum fentanyl concentrations during transdermal fentanyl (TDF) administration in dogs with induced moderate hypothermia have been reported. The impact of these reductions on any anesthetic sparing effect has not been evaluated in dogs. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane is altered in the presence of transdermal fentanyl in normothermic and hypothermic dogs. Six mature, healthy, mixed breed dogs were anesthetized on four separate occasions, and received each of the four following treatments in random order: (i) Sham patch-normothermia (C-NORM), (ii) Sham patch-hypothermia (C-HYPO), (iii) TDF-normothermia (F-NORM), 4. TDF-hypothermia (F-HYPO). Twenty-four hours prior to induction of anesthesia, a sham or a 75 μg hour–1 fentanyl patch was applied. Following induction with isoflurane, the dogs were intubated and mechanically ventilated. Animals in the hypothermia group were cooled to 34.5 °C; normothermia was maintained in the other group. MAC determinations were performed using a current (50 cycles second–1, 6.5 milliseconds duration, 40 volts) applied to needle electrodes placed 4 cm apart in the buccal mucosa of the lower jaw of the dog. The MAC (±SD) for C-NORM, C-HYPO, F-NORM and F-HYPO was 1.196 ± 0.167, 0.855 ± 0.183, 0.763 ± 0.097, and 0.830 ± 0.172, respectively. MAC for C-NORM was significantly higher than the other groups. There was a significant difference between C-NORM and F-NORM. There was no significant difference between C-HYPO, F-NORM, and F-HYPO. TDF in hypothermic dogs appears to provide no greater anesthetic sparing effect than that associated with moderate hypothermia. These findings suggest that reductions in serum fentanyl concentrations seen with moderate hypothermia are the result of a decrease of drug uptake rather than a shift of the active drug to the biophase.
GENETIC VARIATION IN PROTEINS: COMPARISON OF ONE-DIMENSIONAL AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

Two proteins with known characteristics on one-dimensional gels were studied by two-dimensional electrophoresis to compare the sensitivities of the two methods in detecting genetic variation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was found to be less sensitive than several types of one-dimensional gels in distinguishing variants of both proteins. Denaturation of proteins in urea in the two-dimensional method makes it possible to distinguish closely related proteins that differ from each other by units of charge. Many more types of variation in protein sequences can be distinguished on one-dimensional gels in the absence of denaturants. The estimates of heterozygosity based on two-dimensional gels are lower than those based on other methods, at least in part, because of the limited types of sequence differences that can be detected on two-dimensional gels. The application of two-dimensional electrophoresis to the measurement of genetic variation and to the detection of new mutations should be made carefully, in view of the limited sensitivity of the method in finding differences in sequence.
Asymmetry in Judgments of Moral Blame and Praise The Role of Perceived Metadesires

An important consideration in judging the blameworthiness (or praiseworthiness) of an action is whether the agent had sufficient control over it. In three experiments, we investigated judgments of moral blame and praise elicited when individuals were presented with vi- gnettes describing actions that were performed either carefully and de- liberately or impulsively and uncontrollably. Experiment 1 uncovered an asymmetry between judgments of positive versus negative actions— negative impulsive actions elicited a discounting of moral blame, but positive impulsive actions did not elicit a discounting of moral praise. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that this asymmetry arises because indi- viduals judge agents on the basis of their metadesires (the degree to which the agents embrace or reject the impulses leading to their ac- tions). Individuals assume that an agent would embrace an uncontrolla- ble positive impulse, and reject an uncontrollable negative impulse.
Quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure--a prospective study.

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition and is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological dysfunction. There is limited evidence on the effect of OSA on the quality of life and its response to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment. Study objective To determine the effect of nCPAP on the quality of life in patients with OSA. Design Prospective determination of nCPAP effect in a case-series analysis. Patients We studied 29 patients (23 were male and 6 were female) with a mean (± SE) age of 4.4 ± 2.3 years, a body mass index 36.3 ± 2.0 kg/height (m)2, and a diagnosis of OSA with respiratory disturbance index (RDI; apnea/hypopnea) of 77 ± 9 events/h. Measurements and results The quality of life was assessed by administering a Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 questionnaire before and after 8 weeks of nCPAP therapy in polysomnographically documented OSA. All dimensions of the quality of life were significantly impaired when compared with an age- and gender-matched population, expressed as a percentage of normative data: physical functioning, 75%; vitality, 41%; role functioning (physical, 54%; emotional, 61%; social, 66%); general health, 88%; and mental health, 76%. nCPAP therapy significantly improved the sleep-disordered breathing and sleep fragmentation. The nCPAP level for the group was 9.4 ± 0.7 cm H2O. Eight weeks of nCPAP therapy improved vitality (75%), social functioning (90%), and mental health (96%). The magnitude of improvement was related to the degree of quality of life impairment prior to treatment, rather than to the severity of disease as measured by the RDI and arousal indices. Conclusions All aspects of the quality of life, from physical and emotional health to social functioning, are markedly impaired by OSA. nCPAP therapy improved those aspects related to vitality, social functioning, and mental health.
Ring opening of decalin and tetralin on HY and Pt/HY zeolite catalysts

The removal of polynuclear aromatics from diesel fuel in response to increasingly stringent environmental legislation has stimulated intense research. In addition to the hydrogenation reaction that saturates aromatics, an interesting possibility is the opening of naphthenic rings derived from the saturation of aromatics to produce molecules of higher cetane numbers. In this contribution, we have investigated a series of HY and Pt/HY catalysts of varying acidity densities. Under the conditions of this study, mainly ring-contraction and one-ring opening reactions take place over these catalysts. Although the products from these reactions do not have cetane numbers significantly higher than those of the saturated aromatics, they can be important intermediates to high cetane number compounds, such as normal paraffins and some iso-paraffins. The results of this investigation show that HY zeolites can be effective catalysts for the ring contraction and one-ring opening of decalin if their acidity density is adjusted to an intermediate optimum, that is, high enough to achieve conversion, but not too high that would result in fast deactivation. The low cis-to-trans ratios obtained in the products are due both to the cis-to-trans isomerization, but more importantly, to a much higher reactivity of cis-decalin than trans-decalin. Also, cis-decalin converts much more selectively to ring-opening products than trans-decalin, which mainly converts to cracking products. The production of ring-contraction and ring-opening products from tetralin is greatly enhanced in the presence of Pt due to hydrogenation of tetralin to decalin. In the presence of hydrogen Pt/HY catalysts as well as physical mixtures of HY and Pt are much more effective than HY catalysts.
Competitive Strategies and Organizational Change

The debates about organizational responses to economic crisis have focussed on the need for strategic and structural realignment. Work organization is rarely considered as an integral element of competitive strategy. Current shifts in the contours of previously stable mass markets and product and process innovation demand equally profound organizational change to maintain competitiveness. In this context maintaining or regaining competitive advantage is critically dependent upon striking an optimal balance between maximizing the productivity and versatility of work organization. We examine the impetus, dynamics and impact of pervasive change processes in three contrasting organizations, Pilkingtons, Rank Xerox and Ford U.K. While Pilkingtons relied entirely upon existing managerial expertise, the latter two companies were distinctive in that they drew vital conceptual elements of their change agendas from their organizational links with, respectively, a Japanese and American company. From these case studi...
Alcohol as social lubricant. Alcohol myopia theory, social self-esteem, and social interaction

This study examines how consuming alcohol differentially affects the communicative behavior and perceptions of high and low social self-esteem (SSE) women as they engage in a brief interaction with a flirtatious male. Alcohol myopia theory proposes that alcohol affects behavior when it blocks a person's normal inhibitions about enacting a behavior. It was predicted that low SSE women would be more inhibited when talking to a flirtatious male than would high SSE women and, therefore, that alcohol would have a stronger effect on the low SSE women's behavior. Following administration of a social self-esteem measure and random assignment to an alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage condition, participants (N = 50) talked with an attractive, flirtatious male confederate. Low SSE women were less anxious and self-disclosed more when drinking than when sober, whereas high SSE women were not significantly affected by alcohol consumption. The discussion highlights the complex and often contradictory effects of alcohol consumption on social interaction
Citizenship and Social Policy: T. H. Marshall and Poverty*

T. H. Marshall, a British sociologist, gave a series of lectures in 1949 under the title “Citizenship and Social Class.” To many American intellectuals, his analysis still offers a persuasive account of the origins of the welfare state in the West. But Marshall spoke in the early postwar era, when the case for expanded social benefits seemed unassailable. Today's politics are more conservative. In every Western country the welfare state is under review. Yet Marshall's conception can still help define the issues in social policy and the way forward.
Negative Affective Language in Politics

How do the words we use to talk about politics influence political attitudes and evaluations? I focus specifically on negative affective language—words which individuals have preexisting negative reactions toward. Considering the Affect Infusion Model (AIM), processing style influences how individuals use affect when making decisions. The impact of affective language depends upon the complexity of the decision. In simpler processing tasks, individuals will use affect as a heuristic. This causes a misattribution of generalized negative affect onto a political target, leading to harsher evaluations. When a decision is complex, affective language influences how new information is stored in memory, along with improving information recall and abstract thinking. For those who are exposed to negative affective language, negative evaluations of politicians persist more strongly in memory, while these evaluations fade away when affect is used as a heuristic.
Shortest path planning for a tethered robot

We consider the problem of finding the shortest path for a tethered robot in a planar environment with polygonal obstacles of n total vertices. The robot is attached to an anchor point by a tether of finite length. The robot can cross the tether; i.e., the tether can be self-intersecting. Neither the robot nor the tether may enter the interior of any obstacle. The initial tether configuration is given as a polyline of k vertices.If the tether is automatically retracted and kept taut, we present an O ( k n 2 log ? n ) time algorithm to find the shortest path between the source and the destination point. This improves the previous O ( l k n 3 ) time algorithm 24, where l is the number of loops in the initial tether configuration. If the tether can only be retracted while the robot backtracks along the tether, we present an algorithm to find the shortest path in O ( ( n + log ? k ) log ? n ) time.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Potent KCNQ2/3-specific Channel Activators

KCNQ channels are voltage-gated, non-inactivating potassium ion channels, and their down-regulation has been implicated in several hyperexcitability-related disorders, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain and tinnitus. Activators of these channels reduce the excitability of central and peripheral neurons, and, as such, have therapeutic utility. Here, we synthetically modified several moieties of the KCNQ2-5 channel activator retigabine, an FDA approved anti-convulsant. By introducing a CF3 - group at the 4-position of the benzylamine moiety, combined with a fluorine atom at the 3-position of the aniline ring, we generated RL648_81, a new KCNQ2/3-specific activator (EC50 190 nM) that is >15 times more potent and also more selective than retigabine (EC50 3.3 μM). We suggest that RL648_81 is a promising clinical candidate for treating or preventing neurological disorders associated with neuronal hyperexcitability.
Gelatin for Immunodiffusion of Basic Protein.

SummaryA cationic (basic) protein, methylated serum albumin, could not be analyzed by immunodiffusion in agar or agarose gels because it would not diffuse through them. Using gels of gelatin solved this problem. This finding may be applicable to gel-diffusion studies of other basic protein antigens, and it indicates that immunodiffusion tests in gelatin can be employed to complement those performed in agar to detect otherwise overlooked cationic antigens and corresponding precipitins.
Notes on the Classification of Nearctic Coleoptera.

It is axiomatic in science that a book becomes partially obsolete even while it is going through the press. A checklist of Coleoptera is no exception to this rule. The present paper has been drawn up to indicate, in part, some of the more important revisions now necessary in the Leng checklist[1][1], in part to exhibit some of the personal reactions of the author to the classification of the major groups of the order. The supplement to the Leng catalogue[2][2] indicates new species, but only to a limited extent shows such rearrangements in the sequence of genera and species as have become necessary since 1918. Future papers on Coleoptera by the author will, for the present, follow the sequence of familes established in this paper. [1]: #fn-1 [2]: #fn-2
Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease: clinical spectrum, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and control.

Mycoplasmas, formerly called pleuropneumonialike organisms, have been known for many years to be important causes of veterinary diseases, but Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the only member of this group of agents with proven pathogenicity for man. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was first isolated in the early 1940s by Eaton and his coworkers from a case of primary atypical pneumonia [1]; it was considered to be a virus until the early 1960s, when Marmion and Goodburn suggested that it was a pleuropneumonia-like organism [2]. Shortly after this, Chanock and his associates were able to grow the organism on artificial medium, providing further proof of its nature [3]. Finally, it was shown that it would infect man with resulting pneumonia; this proved that M. pneumoniae was a cause of human disease [4].
Composition Dependence of Solid-State Amorphization Kinetics

Solid-state amorphization rates have been measured for amorphous Ni1-cMc in contact with the crystalline terminal phase M, (M=Hf or Zr). The interdiffusion coefficient Dis found to depend on the composition of the amorphous phase, with higher Ni content resulting in a higher Dover the composition range Ni67Hf33 to Ni47Hf53. The common tangent composition at which the amorphous alloy is in metastable equilibrium with the terminal crystalline phase is found to be greater than 70 at.% Hf, which is considerably higher than previously reported values. This discrepancy is explained in terms of the interdiffusion coefficient's variation with composition.
Rapid Detection of Epstein-Barr Viral DNA by Nonisotopic In Situ Hybridization Correlation with the Polymerase Chain Reaction

A nonisotopic, in situ hybridization procedure is described for detecting Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA in cytopreparations of pepsin-digested, unfixed cells in less than 3 hours. The procedure, which uses an EBV Bam HI W DNA probe conjugated directly to horseradish peroxidase, first was optimized using an EBV-infected cell line (ARH-77) and then validated on four positive control specimens and six negative control specimens. Optimization studies demonstrated distinct nuclear hybridization signal in less than 10% of formaldehyde-fixed, pepsin-digested ARH-77 cells. When formaldehyde fixation was omitted, more than 50% of the pepsin-digested ARH-77 cells had strong nuclear staining. Unfixed cells from the four positive controls had detectable hybridization signal; the presence of EBV-DNA in these specimens also was confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction. There was no hybridization signal in the six negative control specimens. The results indicate that this nonisotopic, in situ hybridization procedure rapidly detects the presence of EBV-DNA in cytopreparations of unfixed, pepsin-digested cells from clinical specimens. There is a tradeoff, however, between assay sensitivity and preservation of cytologic details.
Long-Tailed Distributions for Position Errors in Navigation

SUMMARY In this article, a distribution theory is developed to explain a fairly well-established characteristic of the position errors observed in large navigation systems. Empirical adequacy of the suggested model is compared with other existing models using newly collected data. An application of all these distribution models to the evaluation of aircraft mid-air collision risk is illustrated, and potential implications of the computed results are sketched. Insights gained from this study may be useful for other areas of statistical application in which long-tailed distributions have been observed.
Assessment and Treatment of the Aging Jawline

The lower face exhibits some of the earliest signs of aging. The blunting of chin angle and loss of a clean jawline are responsible for many patients seeking facial rejuvenation. Several factors contribute to a sagging chin, including bone loss, gravitational changes, fat and volume shifts as well as loose skin. A careful assessment of all these factors will allow the surgeon to determine which contributing factors need to be addressed and aid in choosing the correct procedure. There are several options for rejuvenation of the lower face and neck including liposuction alone, mini-lifting, and lower face-lifting with or without platysma surgery. Matching the most appropriate surgical procedure to each individual is paramount in achieving patient satisfaction.
Is Other Comprehensive Income Reported in the Income Statement More Value Relevant? The Role of Financial Statement Presentation:

This study examines (a) whether other comprehensive income (OCI) is more value relevant when reported in a more prominent and transparent location in financial statements, (b) how economic condition affects value relevance of OCI reported in different locations, and (c) whether value relevance of OCI is affected by the implementation of Accounting Standard Update (ASU) 2011-05, which requires reporting OCI in either a combined statement of income and comprehensive income or a separate statement of comprehensive income (SCI), and prohibits reporting OCI only in the statement of changes in shareholders’ equity (SSE). Using manually collected data for the period 2000-2012, we find that investors consistently priced OCI reported in the SSE during the entire test period. We also find that investors priced OCI reported in the SCI only during recent financial crisis period (2007-2009) when the magnitude and volatility of OCI significantly increased. Further evidence shows that this finding is not driven by the i...
MIMO Radar Ambiguity Optimization Using Frequency-Hopping Waveforms

Recently, the concept of MIMO (multiple-input- multiple-output) radars has drawn considerable attention. In traditional SIMO (single-input-multiple-output) radar, the transmitters emit coherent waveforms to form a focused beam. In MIMO radar, the transmitters emit orthogonal (or incoherent) waveforms to increase the spatial resolution. These waveforms also affect the range and Doppler resolution which can be characterized by the ambiguity function. In traditional (SIMO) radars, the ambiguity function of the transmitted pulse characterizes the compromise between range and Doppler resolutions. In the MIMO radar, since many transmitting waveforms are involved, their cross-ambiguity functions enter into the signal design problem. In this paper, frequency hopping codes are used to generate these orthogonal MIMO radar waveforms. A new algorithm for designing the frequency hopping codes is proposed. This algorithm makes the energy in the corresponding ambiguity functions evenly spread in the range and angular dimensions.
Removal of phenol from oil/gas produced water using supercritical water treatment with TiO2 supported MnO2 ctalyst

Abstract MnO 2 catalyst supported on TiO 2 was synthesized and evaluated for removal of phenol in supercritical water. Synthesized catalysts were characterized using temperature programmed reduction, pulse chemisorption, and X-ray powder diffraction. Catalyst activity for phenol conversion was evaluated in a continuous packed bed reactor at supercritical water conditions by analyzing gaseous and liquid products. Process variables evaluated include O 2 stream concentration and Mn catalyst loading. Both variables had positive effects on phenol conversion. The process achieved complete conversion of phenol at oxygen ratio of 5 based on complete phenol combustion stoichiometry. Increasing catalyst Mn loading increased its active site concentration, enhancing the contribution of heterogeneous reaction kinetics for supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of the phenol. A phenol conversion of 70% was reached at 12% (w/w) Mn in the catalyst with oxygen ratio of 1.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Originating from a Crohn's Enterocutaneous Fistula.

Purpose. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developing within fistulae and chronic wounds in patients with Crohn’s disease is a rare phenomenon with few reported studies in the literature. Clinical suspicion for SCC in Crohn’s disease patients with chronic painful fistulae is low, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. We present a patient with long-standing Crohn’s disease complicated by malignant degeneration of an enterocutaneous fistula tract. Methods. Workup with MRI, CT, and fistulogram revealed a 7 × 3 cm fistulous connection between a loop of small intestine and the patient’s perineum. Biopsies of the fistula tract confirmed the diagnosis of SCC. Results. The patient underwent an abdominoperineal resection with positive margins and is currently awaiting radiation therapy. Conclusions. This is the second case reported within the English literature of SCC arising from an enterocutaneous fistula in the setting of Crohn’s disease. Based on the findings in this case report and others presented in the literature, a high degree of suspicion of malignancy should be present in patients with chronic painful, poor-healing fistulae, especially in the absence of infection.
Instant History: The Spanish-American War and Henry Watterson's Articulation of Anti-Imperialist Expansionism

The two contradictions encompassed in the title of this essay reflect those to be found in Henry Watterson's History of the Spanish-American War, Embracing a Complete Review of Our Relations with Spain . Published in 1898, with a preface dated a full two months before the signing of the Treaty of Paris that officially concluded the war, this "history" is one that Watterson freely admits was written concurrently with the events it purports to describe impartially. Watterson himself was something of a contradiction: a Confederate war veteran who supported a strong and undivided Union; a fervent southern Democrat who advocated expansion, though not imperialism, as a means of attaining free trade; and a longstanding editor of the Louisville Courier-Journal whose colorfully-worded and impassioned editorials impacted political discourse on a national level, but who scorned the trends of sensationalism and yellow journalism. Indeed, it should be noted that initially Watterson's own opinions on the war and the acquisition of overseas territories were far from the crystallized viewpoint he presents in his not-unsubstantial 660-page volume. Nor were they as coolheaded as the book's clear attempts to offer balanced accounts of motivations and causes of events in the war, which certainly tones down the enthusiasm Watterson had progressively developed for the war and the expansionist opportunities it presented. 1
Early-life adversity facilitates acquisition of cocaine self-administration and induces persistent anhedonia

Early-life adversity increases the risk for emotional disorders such as depression and schizophrenia. Anhedonia, thought to be a core feature of these disorders, is provoked by our naturalistic rodent model of childhood adversity (i.e., rearing pups for one week in cages with limited bedding and nesting, LBN). Drug use and addiction are highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders featuring anhedonia, yet effects of LBN on drug-seeking behavior and the reward and stress-related circuits that underlie it remain unknown. Here we examined the effects of LBN on cocaine intake and seeking, using a battery of behavioral tests measuring distinct aspects of cocaine reward, and for comparison, chocolate intake. We also examined activation of neurons within the pleasure/reward and stress circuits following cocaine in LBN and control rats. Early-life adversity reduced spontaneous intake of palatable chocolate, extending prior reports of sucrose and social-play anhedonia. In a within-session cocaine behavioral economic test, LBN rats self-administered lower dosages of cocaine under low-effort conditions, consistent with a reduced hedonic set-point for cocaine, and potentially anhedonia. In contrast, cocaine demand elasticity was not consistently affected, indicating no major changes in motivation to maintain preferred cocaine blood levels. These changes were selective, as LBN did not cause an overt anxiety-like phenotype, nor did it affect sensitivity to self-administered cocaine dose, responding for cocaine under extinction conditions, cocaine- or cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking, or locomotor response to acute cocaine. However, high Fos expression was seen after cocaine in both reward- and stress-related brain regions of LBN rats, including nucleus accumbens core, central amygdala, and lateral habenula. In contrast, hypothalamic orexin neuron activation after cocaine was significantly attenuated in LBN rats. Together, these findings demonstrate enduring effects of early-life adversity on both reward- and fear/anxiety-related neural circuits, as well as anhedonia-like reductions in consumption of natural and drug rewards.
Donald Trump: Shakespeare’s Lord of Misrule

The so-called New Historicism in literary studies began with a disconcerting insight borrowed from Foucault that was applied to Shakespeare’s history plays: namely, that subversive opposition has a way of reinforcing Power. The plays seem to invite subversive skepticism by highlighting the fraudulence and Machiavellian calculation behind the workings of Power. And yet, somehow, as Henry V leads his outnumbered troops in battle against the French, audiences and readers invariably get swept away by nationalistic passions (“We few, we happy few, we band of brothers”). My essay explores how the history plays illuminate the phenomenon of Donald Trump, whose improbable rise has been so crucially fueled by relentless subversive opposition. The essay looks in particular at how Trump combines the Machiavellian cunning of Prince Hal with the shameless but subversive egomania and excess of Falstaff to become a Lord of Misrule that feeds on opposition.
Phone based Video Processing Aimed at Outdoor Guidance for the Visually Impaired

This paper discusses an outdoor guidance system that can be implemented on a smartphone. The purpose of such a system would be to assist the blind or visually impaired. The system will be able to detect the ground, find obstacles, and notify the user when the obstacle is close enough to constitute a tripping hazard. This work uses a novel semantic segmentation technique and proposes an alternate method for positioning the phone for better fall prevention techniques.
Stereocontrolled Routes for the Synthesis of Anti-HIV and Anti-HBV Nucleosides

The discovery of the clinical usefulness of 2′-deoxy- and 2′,3′-dideoxy nucleoside analogues for the treatment of viral infections such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hepatitis B virus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex, and for the treatment of cancer has lead to the development of synthetic methodologies for the total synthesis of these types of agents. The advantage of a total synthetic approach is the ability to synthesize nucleoside analogues in which the base or the sugar portion of the molecule is not of a natural type. It also circumvents the use of naturally occurring nucleosides as starting material, which, in some cases are not readily available in large quantities and /or are of high cost.
Biochemistry of the Vitreous

Collagen is the major structural protein of the vitreous. Throughout the body collagen is composed of three individual polypeptides, known as alpha chains, organized in a triple helix configuration (Figure III-1). Gross (1963) initially claimed that the collagen fibrils of the vitreous were morphologically distinct from collagen in other connective tissues. Yet, Swann et al. (1972) demonstrated that the amino acid composition of the insoluble residue of vitreous is similar to that of cartilage collagen and later confirmed that the composition is most similar to cartilage collagen composed of alpha 1 type II chains (Swann et al, 1976). Comparisons of the artheritogenic and immunologic properties of collagens from bovine articular cartilage (type II) and vitreous showed that the two were indistinguishable by these assays (Stuart et al, 1979).
Distribution of Matrix Elements for Wavefunction Computations of Large Molecular Systems

Despite the availability of fast computers for the last ten years, computations of Hartree-Fock quality wavefunctions (wf) for systems with more than 30 to 40 atoms are nonexistent, and very few examples of computations with 50 or more atoms are available at the minimal basis set level.
High-Impact Practices for Student Engagement in the Research University

The authors describe students’ engagement in high-impact practices that promote positive student perceptions of campus climate and sense of belonging at one research university. Hutson and Williford used data collected through the Student Experience in the Research University (SERU) instrument to explore students’ level of engagement and their self-reported perception of campus climate and sense of belonging. Four demographic variables including academic classification, gender, ethnicity, and social class were also considered when examining students’ different levels of engagement and perceptions of campus climate. The authors provide discussion and implications for higher education professionals based on the use of the SERU data.
A Tail of Phage Adhesins.

In this issue of Structure, Dunne et al. (2018) unveil the architecture of Salmonella phage S16 adhesin. The structure unravels a beads-on-a-string topology consisting of three domains of which the C-terminal glycine-rich PGII domain, located at the distal tip of the long tail fiber, mediates cell surface attachment and host recognition.
Racial microaggressions within social work: perceptions of providers

This article examines racial microaggressions within social work practice from the perceptions of providers. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 social workers about racia...
Fabrication of zein-based electrospun nanofiber decorated with gold nanoparticles as a SERS platform

In this study, a new technique was developed to create an eco-friendly and biodegradable SERS sensor platform using electrospun corn zein fibers. First, electrospinning was used in conjunction with glutaraldehyde, a crosslinker for proteins, to create crosslinked zein nanofibers. The surface of the nanofibers was then decorated with 20-nm-diameter gold nanoparticles, and the biosensor platform was tested with the Raman active Rhodamine 6G. The high surface area and the high surface roughness enabled a SERS signal enhancement of 1.06 × 106, which only required 2.8 × 10−7 g of gold nanoparticle deposition on the fibers. This electrospun zein-based gold nanoparticle-decorated sensor platform is not only made with a quicker, simpler and an inexpensive method compared to the other techniques requiring etching procedures and has a very good shelf life stability, but also serves as a green alternative to the plastic-based SERS sensor platforms with an equivalent and sometimes lesser SERS signal enhancement.
Stakeholder perceptions of the ecosystem services provided by Green Infrastructure in New York City

Abstract US cities are investing heavily in green infrastructure (GI) to manage stormwater and improve local water quality. However, many other ecosystem services (ES) are attributed to these same GI systems. Some of these services, such as the amount of rainfall that can be attenuated in a green roof, are well documented; others, such as the role of coastal wetlands in protecting properties from storm surge, are difficult to quantify or so dependent on local conditions that results are not generalizable. This paper presents a snapshot valuation of the urban ES provided by GI in New York City. Structured surveys were administered to four stakeholder groups, representing a gradient of familiarity with GI. Survey results were compared against the scientific literature to explore how stakeholder perceptions compared to the biophysical capacity of GI to provide ES. Results indicate that, while stormwater management is the primary driver of GI investment in NYC, residents view other ES more favorably. Municipal programs that create multifunctional GI systems may be more widely supported than those focused exclusively on stormwater management. The results also suggest latent public support for GI initiatives that include new and enhanced Parks & Natural Areas and Community Gardens.