cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Self-similar drop-size distributions produced by breakup in chaotic flows

Deformation and breakup of immiscible fluids in deterministic chaotic flows is governed by self-similar distributions of stretching histories and stretching rates and produces populations of droplets of widely distributed sizes. Scaling reveals that distributions of drop sizes collapse into two self-similar families; each family exhibits a different shape, presumably due to changes in the breakup mechanism.
e+ + e− → U+ + U− → μ∓ + e± + neutrinos: General considerations☆

We present a general differential cross section for the process e/sup +/+e/sup -/..--> gamma -->..U/sup +/+U/sup -/..--> mu../sup -/+..nu../sub U/+..nu../sub ..mu../+e/sup +/+nu-bar/sub U/+..nu../sub e/. Our results hold for V, A, S, P, T couplings and do not depend on the ..mu..e universality assumption. Dependences on arbitrary beam polarizations, final state electron, and muon longitudinal polarizations, and final state electron and muon masses have been included. An analytic expression for dsigma/dE/sub e/dE/sub ..mu..//sub d/cos theta/sub ..mu../has been obtained. We show that it is possible to investigate the leptonic decay of U to the same level as that for the muon decay.
Biomimetic Mineralization of an Aligned, Self-Assembled Collagenous Matrix.

An in-vitro method of mineralizing an aligned, self-assembled collagenous matrix is presented. Reconstituted collagen fibers were mineralized by exposure to saturated solutions of calcium and phosphate of varying pH in a double diffusion chamber for seven days at room temperature. Microscopic investigation of the mineral precipitate within the fibers indicate the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals with features comparable to mineral observed in bone and avian tendon. Mechanical test results indicate that tensile strength and tangent modulus increase after mineralization in comparison to unmineralized control fibers. These results suggest that mineralization of collagen fiber in-vitro may parallel some of the events seen in mineralization of bone and turkey tendon. In addition, mineralized collagen fibers may be useful in the design of composites for the replacement or augmentation of hard tissue
Wave-equation migration velocity analysis beyond the Born approximation

The Born approximation is based on the assumption of small slowness perturbation. We investigate the limits of the Born approximation when applied to wave-equation migration velocity analysis and propose two new schemes which allow for larger slowness anomalies, while improving accuracy and increasing stability. The new schemes are based on linearizations of exponential functions using bilinear and implicit approximations, rather than the (Born) explicit approximation. We demonstrate the feasibility of our new operators on a synthetic example with highly variable background and strong slowness anomalies.
Processing and polarization behavior of Sr-containing lead zirconate titanate

Abstract Sr-containing PZT compositions were selected for identifying the ferroelectric (FE)-antiferro-electric (AFE) phase boundary within the zirconium rich region of the PbZrO3-PbTiO3-SrTiO3-SrZrO3 phase diagram and for inducing the AFE-FE phase transition upon application of an applied electric field. Processing methods, based on the powder processing and sintering, were developed for fabricating dense (98.5% of theoretical density) Sr-containing PZT samples suitable for the polarization measurements. PZT specimens, with a uniform microstructure and an average grain size of 3 μm were obtained. Polarization measurements were used to locate the FE-AFE phase boundary. Subsequently, compositions near the FE-AFE phase boundary were studied for the electric field induced AFE-FE phase transition. Field-induced AFE-FE phase switching was observed in compositions close to the AFE-FE boundary. Residual polarization upon AFE-FE transformation suggested a coexistence of both ferroelectric and antiferroelectric ph...
Approaches to serious emotional disturbance: Involving multiple systems

Practice with children who have serious emotional disturbance (SED) increasingly requires multiple-systems intervention. Through a sample case, this article explores these interventions within the context of current national policy. Mental health collaboration with the systems of juvenile justice, education, child welfare, primary health care, and drug and alcohol services is summarized. The specific programs of multisystemic therapy, Pennsylvania's family-based mental health services, and Wraparound Milwaukee are presented as multiple-systems approaches that are successful with this population. The authors offer suggestions for emerging roles for psychologists within this context.
Inhibitory effects of dibutyryl and cyclic AMP on the compound action potential in the frog (Rana pipiens) sciatic nerve.

Le dibutyryle et l'AMP cyclique ont apparement un effet sur la conductibilite membraneuse. Cet effet se marque par une reduction d'amplitude et de vitesse de conductibilite aussi bien que par une augmentation du seuil a atteindre et du retard dans l'elaboration du processus. Ces effets ont ete confirmes par la theophylline et la cafeine. Les ions de calcium semblent accelerer les effets du AMP cyclique en augmentant la resistance membraneuse (reduction d'amplitude de l'impulsion nerveuse) de 30%.
Wavelength Diversity: An Extra Dimension In Optical Processing Architectures

The possibility of encoding information on an optical wave by modulating its temporal frequency (wave-length) and optically processing such data is investigated. A previously developed general formulation of optical processing systems is expanded to include a systematic exploration of possible wavelength diversity systems.© (1980) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mechanism of complement binding by the red cell in rheumatoid arthritis

Red cells of 8 rheumatoid arthritis patients, reactive with an anti-complement serum only, were shown to have a dissociable factor capable of inducing complement fixation to normal red cells in vitro. Red cells coated with complement in vitro by exposure to autologous low ionic strength serum or by the action of cold agglutinins did not induce complement fixation to normal red cells. It is postulated that the complement fixation to red cells in vivo observed in these patients is mediated by small amounts of red cell autoantibodies or antigen-antibody complexes.
Percutaneous intervention through a Cabrol composite graft

Similar to other surgical techniques, ascending thoracic aortic repair has evolved through a series of modifications, each with improvement in longevity, morbidity, and mortality. Until recently, most, if not all, aortic composite graft-coronary ostial anastamotic complications have been addressed with repeat surgery. Due to this, most interventional cardiologists have little to no experience in approaching postsurgical aortic composite graft-coronary ostial anastamotic lesions percutaneously when the anatomy is altered by a Cabrol interposition graft. Nevertheless, it is important that operators are aware of the various surgical techniques used to repair the ascending aorta and reimplant the coronary arteries. Furthermore, in the present era of addressing more and more stenotic lesions percutaneously, it is important to have knowledge into which type of lesion lends itself to a percutaneous approach. Our review of the literature reveals that there have been no reported cases of percutaneous interventions of the native coronary arteries through a Cabrol composite graft. We report the first case of percutaneous intervention of an unprotected left main anastamotic stenosis through a Cabrol composite graft.
Singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel on the real axis

We find closed-form formulas for the solution of the simplest singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel on the real axis and use them to reduce the full singular integral equation considered in the paper to a Fredholm equation. We construct numerical schemes for the above-mentioned equations and estimate the accuracy order of the approximate solution.
Natural killer cell development and maturation in aged mice.

Abstract The effect of aging on natural killer cell homeostasis is not well studied in humans or in animal models. We compared natural killer (NK) cells from young and aged mice to investigate age-related defects in NK cell distribution and development. Our findings indicate aged mice have reduced NK cells in most peripheral tissues, but not in bone marrow. Reduction of NK cells in periphery was attributed to a reduction of the most mature CD11b+ CD27− NK cells. Apoptosis was not found to explain this specific reduction of mature NK cells. Analysis of NK cell development in bone marrow revealed that aged NK cells progress normally through early stages of development, but a smaller percentage of aged NK cells achieved terminal maturation. Less mature NK cells in aged bone marrow correlated with reduced proliferation of immature NK cells. We propose that advanced age impairs bone marrow maturation of NK cells, possibly affecting homeostasis of NK cells in peripheral tissues. These alterations in NK cell maturational status have critical consequences for NK cell function in advanced age: reduction of the mature circulating NK cells in peripheral tissues of aged mice affects their overall capacity to patrol and eliminate cancerous and viral infected cells.
Checklist : Passport, plane ticket, organ transplant

Recently, active and proposed US medical insurance programs are taking steps to address the problems of organ availability, long waiting times, and high medical and surgical costs by promoting transplant tourism. Such programs are created explicitly to encourage policy holders to travel to a foreign country for the purpose of obtaining a transplant. Some medical insurance programs have gone as far as to bundle exotic travel and healthcare-transplantation not excluded-into one package. This article details some of the safety and ethics issues with these programs.
SOCIAL POLICIES TOWARD CHILDREN OF DIVERSE ETHNIC, RACIAL, AND LANGUAGE GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES

In every era in the history of U.S. public policies toward children, certain groups of children have been identified as being “at risk” and hence of social concern and responsibility. These groups consist of the physically handicapped and those with serious diseases; the emotionally disturbed; the mentally retarded; orphans; children whose mothers or fathers are permanently or temporarily absent; illegitimate, destitute, indigent, neglected, abused, and anti-social or delinquent children. Only very recently have the children belonging to specified ethnic, racial, and language groups been added as major “risk” categories and thus become a major focus of social concern and public responsibility. The source of the social concern about all the groups listed above is the alleged inability of the family (when it exists) to cope with the problems implied by membership in the group, or the public danger that follows from leaving these problems untreated. This social concern does not mean that American society has always accepted full responsibility for children in these risk categories. It has not always provided care, treatment, or rehabilitation, nor has it always sought to prevent their misfortunes. Since colonial times, however, it has at least shown concern for certain categories of children. My principal purpose in this monograph is to trace major trends in the evolution of those aspects of social policies toward children that bear directly on issues of ethnic, racial, and language diversity in our society. I also seek to examine the public attitudes, the intellectual assumptions, and the sociodemographic trends that have accompanied these policy developments. In addition, I pay some attention to the roles that the social and behavioral sciences have played with regard to such policies.
Research on Gossip: Taxonomy, Methods, and Future Directions

A half century of gossip research from multiple disciplines is reviewed. Discussed are definitions of the construct; social, evolutionary, and personal functions of the practice; and data collection methods. Though people engage in the practice frequently, there has been relatively little psychological research on gossip. The layperson’s understanding of the term is included in, but insufficient to encompass, definitions used by researchers. Most data are ethnographic and discursive, and few parametric data exist. The area could benefit from better experimental methods and instruments. Neurobiological and social network analysis methods are promising foundations for further study. There are real-world implications for understanding gossip. Strengthening gossip theory and research methods will beneficially inform the way we view the practice in context. Virtually all of us frequently find ourselves producing, hearing, or otherwise participating in evaluative comments about someone who is not present in the conversation. It is often valuable (and sometimes unavoidable) to be part of such communications. To function efficiently in a complex social environment, humans require information about those around them. But social interconnections are complex, and it is impossible to be present at many primary exchanges to absorb this kind of information directly. Thus, many people are eager to pick it up through an intermediary, whether or not they have the luxury and patience to confirm it later either directly or indirectly. This phenomenon, of course, is called gossip. It is an important social behavior that nearly everyone experiences, contributes to, and presumably intuitively understands. The purpose of this article is to review and summarize research on this phenomenon and point to some promising ways to study it going forward. A paradox of gossip is that it is ubiquitous, though there are numerous social sanctions against it. Anthropologists and others have documented its practice the world over (Besnier, 1989; Gluckman, 1963; Haviland, 1977; Levin
The spatial autocorrelation of cancer mortality.

Abstract Studying the geographic variations in cancer mortality can be useful as a means for generating etiologic hypotheses, providing support or casting doubt on existing hypotheses, and suggesting places and scales for future epidemiological research. A descriptive statistical technique, spatial autocorrelation analysis, is introduced and suggested as a method which might enable the researcher to glean more useful information from spatial patterns of disease mortality. An empirical study of the county pattern of cancer in Pennsylvania is provided as an illustration of the potential of this technique. Considerable variation in the degree of spatial autocorrelation was found among the nine sex-specific cancer patterns studied. Three different pair-wise weighting or linkage schemes were used to further explore the spatial structure of the mortality rates. Finally, a spatial autocorrelation function was estimated for those patterns which displayed significant first-order autocorrelation (cancer of the lung, the stomach and the bladder). The shapes of these functions provided further insight into the mortality pattern and this information was evaluated in relation to current etiologic hypotheses.
Entangled Images from Four-Wave Mixing

Two beams of light can be quantum mechanically entangled through correlations of their phase and intensity fluctuations. For a pair of spatially extended image-carrying light fields, the concept of entanglement can be applied not only to the entire images but also to their smaller details. We used a spatially multimode amplifier based on four-wave mixing in a hot vapor to produce twin images that exhibit localized entanglement. The images can be bright fields that display position-dependent quantum noise reduction in their intensity difference or vacuum twin beams that are strongly entangled when projected onto a large range of different spatial modes. The high degree of spatial entanglement demonstrates that the system is an ideal source for parallel continuous-variable quantum information protocols.
Purification of an endopeptidase involved with storage-protein degradation in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cotyledons.

Phaseolin, the major seed storage protein of Phaseolus vulgaris L., is degraded in the cotyledons in the first 7–10 d following seed germination. We assayed cotyledon extracts for protease activity by using [3H]phaseolin as a substrate and then fractionated the digestion mixtures by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in order to identify the cleavage products. The cotyledons of 4-d-old seedlings contain an endopeptidase which cleaves the polypeptides of [3H]phaseolin (apparent molecular weights=51 000, 48 000, 46 000 and 43 000) into three discrete clusters of proteolytic fragments (M rs=27 000, 25 000 and 23 000). Endopeptidase activity is not detected in the cotyledons until the protein content of these organs starts to decline, shortly after the first day of seedling growth. Endopeptidase activity increases to a maximum level in the cotyledons of 5-d-old seedlings and then declines to a minimum value by day 10. The enzyme was purified 335-fold by ammonium-sulfate precipitation, organomercurial-agarose chromatography, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The endopeptidase constitutes 0.3% of the protein content in the cotyledons of 4-d-old seedlings. It is a cysteine protease with a single polypeptide chain (M r=30 000). Optimum hydrolysis of [3H]phaseolin occurs at pH 5. The enzyme is irreversibly inactivated at pH values above 7 and at temperatures above 45° C. The endopeptidase attacks only a limited number of peptide bonds in [3H]phaseolin, without causing any appreciable change in the native molecular weight of the storage protein. The endopeptidase is also able to hydrolyze the bean-seed lectin, phytohemagglutinin. Thus, this enzyme may play a general role in degrading cotyledon proteins of P. vulgaris following seed germination.
Development of membrane filter holder (MFH) method for recovery of heat-injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium.

Aims: A method of recovering sublethally heat-injured bacteria was developed with specific apparatus (membrane filter holder; MFH) which was originally used for Iso-Grid Hydrophobic membraneTM. filter holder. Methods and Results: The procedure used a non-selective agar underlayed with a selective medium with a MFH. A non-selective agar was poured on upper part (compartment A) of MFH, and then injured foodborne pathogens were inoculated on the non-selective medium. After 3-h repair incubation period, selective agar was added to the bottom of the chamber (compartment B) of the MFH and further incubated. By diffusing through the non-selective top agar, selective agents from the underlay medium impart selectivity to the system. Conclusions: Using the MFH method, recovery of heat-injured foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) were not different (P > 0·05) from recoveries with non-selective media (TSA). However, the recoveries of foodborne pathogens on MFH were significantly higher (P < 0·05) than those of direct plating on selective medium such as SMAC (MacConkey Sorbitol Agar) or XLD (Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate). Significance and Impact of the Study: In conclusion, the MFH method is a simple and convenient method for recovery of heat-injured foodborne pathogens.
Investigations of electronic interactions between closo-boranes and triple-bonded substituents

Intramolecular electronic interactions were investigated in five series of 12-, 10-, and 6-vertex closo -boranes and hydrocarbons (benzene, acetylene, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and cubane) substituted with triple-bonded groups Y≡Z (C≡CR, C≡N, C≡O, and N≡N). Structural data (single crystal X-ray crystallography), spectroscopic properties (UV, IR, and NMR), chemical behavior (dediazoniation reactions), and electronic structure calculations (hybridization and π bond order) are all in agreement that the degree of electronic conjugation between the cluster and the Y≡Z substituent is lowest for the 12-vertex closo -borane and highest for the 6-vertex analog.
Accuracy of a point-of-care ELISA test kit for predicting the presence of protective canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus antibody concentrations in dogs

Canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are highly infectious and often fatal diseases with worldwide distributions, and are important population management considerations in animal shelters. A point-of-care ELISA test kit is available to detect serum antibodies to CPV and CDV, and presumptively to predict protective status. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the test compared to CPV hemagglutination inhibition titers and CDV serum neutralization titers determined by a reference laboratory, using sera collected from dogs housed at animal shelters. The ELISA test was used under both field and laboratory conditions and duplicate specimens were processed using an extra wash step. The test kit yielded accurate results (CPV: sensitivity 92.3%, specificity 93.5%; CDV: sensitivity 75.7%, specificity 91.8%) under field conditions. CDV sensitivity was improved by performing the test under laboratory conditions and using an optical density (OD) meter (laboratory performed 94.0%; OD 88.1%). Point-of-care ELISA testing for serum CPV and CDV antibody titers was demonstrated to be a useful tool for determining antibody status when making decisions regarding the need for CPV and/or CDV vaccination and also in animal shelters for population management.
Cyanogenesis in Plants

Several thousand plant species, including many economically important food plants, synthesize cyanogenic glycosides and cyanolipids. Upon tissue disruption, these natural products are hydrolyzed liberating the respiratory poison hydrogen cyanide. This phenomenon of cyanogenesis accounts for numerous cases of acute and chronic cyanide poisoning of animals including man. This article reviews information gathered during the past decade about the enzymology and molecular biology of cyanogenesis in higher plants. How compartmentation normally prevents the large-scale, suicidal release of HCN within the intact plant is discussed. A renewed interest in the physiology of these cyanogenic compounds has revealed that, in addition to providing protection for some species against herbivory, they may also serve as storage forms for reduced nitrogen.
Interpretation of Canonical Discriminant Functions, Canonical Variates, and Principal Components

Abstract Canonical discriminant functions are defined here as linear combinations that separate groups of observations, and canonical variates are defined as linear combinations associated with canonical correlations between two sets of variables. In standardized form, the coefficients in either type of canonical function provide information about the joint contribution of the variables to the canonical function. The standardized coefficients can be converted to correlations between the variables and the canonical function. These correlations generally alter the interpretation of the canonical functions. For canonical discriminant functions, the standardized coefficients are compared with the correlations, with partial t and F tests, and with rotated coefficients. For canonical variates, the discussion includes standardized coefficients, correlations between variables and the function, rotation, and redundancy analysis. Various approaches to interpretation of principal components are compared: the choice ...
Hepatic microwave ablation with multiple antennae results in synergistically larger zones of coagulation necrosis.

Background: Microwave ablation is a promising treatment for unresectable liver tumors. Unlike radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation may be performed with multiple simultaneously active antennae.
On the motion of Hawaii and other mantle plumes

Abstract The Hawaiian hotspot, and its prominent bend at 47 Ma, have figured prominently in the development of ideas on the nature of mantle plumes and plate motion. Here I review paleomagnetic analyses associated with Ocean Drilling Program (ODP Leg 197) which, together with studies of plate circuits and geodynamic modeling results, indicate southward motion of the Hawaiian hotspot during formation of the Emperor Seamounts. These analyses confirm the long-posited idea that mantle plumes should be influenced by mantle flow. Moreover, these results indicate that Late Cretaceous–Early Paleogene hotspot motion was the dominant factor in forming the Emperor track and thus the famous bend morphology. An important corollary of this finding on hotspot motion is that long-term polar wander of Earth, which has been inaccurately assessed by viewing paleomagnetic data in a fixed hotspot reference frame, has been far less than previously thought. Salient points for future research raised by the ODP Leg 197 paleomagnetic results include the scale of mantle flow recorded by hotspot track segments and the underlying processes that cause track segments to be dominated by mantle flow rather than plate motion for given time intervals.
Surface Morphology of Drying Latex Films: Multiple Ring Formation

When a drop of aqueous solution containing suspended particles dries, particles accumulate at the contact line. Often the contact line undergoes a sequence of pinning−depinning events with particles accumulating whenever the contact line is pinned. These processes lead to ring formation, the details of which are examined here. In particular, we provide detailed measurements of ring formation as a function of the drop radius and the size of the suspended particles, and we report measurements of the time dependence of the essentially stochastic pinning−depinning cycles of the contact line motion.
Inventory and selection techniques for large unorganized collections

Abstract Librarians at Miami University Libraries were faced with the purchase of 100,000 volumes of assorted books and devised a means of organizing the collection for selection purposes. Using microfilming techniques, the librarians created an inventory card file of alphabetically arranged title pages. This file was designed primarily to provide access to the collection and secondarily to be used as a basic selection tool.
Spin polarization transfer in ground and metastable helium atom collisions

Cross sections and rate constants for total elastic, diffusion and transfer of metastability for collisions between He(11S)–He(23S) and He(11S)–He(23P) atoms over a wide range of energies and temperatures are presented. The rate constant for spin metastability excitation in He(11S)–He(23P) collision is several orders of magnitude larger than that for He(11S)–He(23S) collision at cold temperatures, due to attractive 3Πg potential interaction.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of monoclonal antibody uptake in tumor and calculation of beta dose‐rate nonuniformity

Background. The measurement of the heterogeneity of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody uptake in tumor has an essential role in the calculation and interpretation of the absorbed dose of radiation. Large data arrays and long calculation times have been limiting factors in the calculation of three-dimensional dose-rate distributions used to study the relationship between uptake heterogeneity and dose. Methods. Serial autoradiographs of tumor sections were digitized with ∼100 μm resolution using a laser densitometer. The section images were aligned to form a registered tumor-image data set
Vacuum rated flow controllers for inert gas ion engines

Electrical propulsion systems which use a gas as a propellant require a gas flowmeter/controller which is capable of operating in a vacuum environment. The presently available instruments in the required flow ranges are designed and calibrated for use at ambient pressure. These instruments operate by heating a small diameter tube through which the gas is flowing and then sensing the change in temperature along the length of the tube. This temperature change is a function of the flow rate and the gas heat capacity. When installed in a vacuum, the change in the external thermal characteristics cause the tube to overheat and the temperature sensors are then operating outside their calibrated range. In addition, the variation in heat capacity with temperature limit the accuracy obtainable. These problems and the work in progress to solve them are discussed.
Germinal centre hyperplasia: An unfavourable immune response in recurrent malignant melanoma

A quantitative immunomorphological analysis of actively responding B-(germinal centre) and T-lymphocyte (para-cortical) areas in 187 patients with malignant melanoma recurrent in the regional lymph nodes has been made. The results show that tumour involved nodes have significantly increased germinal centre and decreased paracortical response in comparison with uninvolved lymph nodes. Patients treated with surgery alone whose uninvolved nodes had hyperplastic (defined as exceeding the median) germinal centre areas, had significantly shorter survival than those without germinal centre hyperplasia. No association was found between lymph node immunomorphology and survival in BCG treated patients.
High Average-Power Diode-Pumped Femtosecond Cr 3+ :LiCAF Laser

67-fs pulses with an average power of 300 mW and pulse repetition rate of 120 MHz were obtained from a diode-pumped Cr3+:LiCAF laser. A semiconductor saturable absorber mirror enabled stable and self-starting mode-locked operation.
A possible transition state for the H2 + D2 exchange reaction

A proposal for a possible transition state for the Ha f- Dz exchange reactron follows from an analysis of the Jahn-Teller mstability of tetrahedral I-IQ_ The suggested pathway involves pseudo-rotation in the e deformation space, with a compressed tetrahedral structure corresponding to the reaction saddle point.
Stress relaxation test of molding compound for MEMS packaging

Polymer based materials are widely used in electronic packaging. The molding compound, in particular, comprises a significant portion of the package with the purpose of protecting the chips from the environment. Material characterization of molding compounds, therefore, has been a critical issue in predicting the thermo-mechanical behavior and reliability of electronic packaging. One of the distinctive features of polymers is viscoelasticity, which refers to an intermediate behavior between a solid and a liquid. To characterize time and temperature dependent characteristics of polymers, various test methods have been utilized. Among those methods, the stress relaxation test using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is widely used. However, there are no standards or guidelines for performing stress relaxation test on molding compounds with DMA. In this study, DMA stress relaxation tests have been performed with the molding compound. The initial value of relaxation modulus from DMA was compared with the Young's modulus from tensile test. The temperature effect on the stress relaxation test was studied to determine the appropriate temperature profile. The sample thickness and strain dependency were also investigated. Finally, recommendations for proper future testing are proposed.
PHYSICAL AND SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTRUDED CORN/SOY BREAKFAST CEREALS

The food industry is currently interested in developing palatable mainstream products containing soy to capitalize on the growing interest in the potential health benefits of soy in the diet. Breakfast cereal is a prime candidate. Extruded corn-based breakfast cereals containing soy protein isolate with wheat bran were made. Products were twin-screw extruded with varying feed moisture contents (21, 23, and 25%) and added sugar levels (0, 5, and 10%) in a 3x3 factorial experimental design. Extruder system responses (motor torque, die pressure and die temperature), extrudate physical properties (color, diameter and specific volume), and 19 descriptive sensory attributes were measured. Substantial differences occurred with 5% added sugar at 25% feed moisture and 10% added sugar at all feed moistures. Increased sugar and feed moisture contents decreased sensory product expansion, but increased texture properties. Ten percent added sugar and 25% feed moisture increased sensory corn flavor while decreasing soybean flavor.
A parasitic stacked patch antenna element for use in a 44 GHz MMIC phased array

The current 44 GHz MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated-circuit) antenna arrays, with active devices located on the same substrate as the radiating elements, typically require GaAs substrate thicknesses of about 5 mils for optimal active component performance. This substrate thickness would severely restrict the bandwidth of conventional microstrip antennas. This problem has been largely overcome by using a stacked patch antenna element, which can yield bandwidths of greater than 20% in some cases. Using a 10.5 dielectric-constant material for the lower substrate, six waveguide simulators were used to measure the active impedance of the scaled 44 GHz stacked patch antenna element as a function of (1) the dielectric constant of the cover material, (2) the air gap spacing between the lower and upper substrates, and (3) the radius of the cover patch. The voltage-standing-wave ratios (VSWRs) for the stacked patch element for each scan condition as a function of the dielectric cover parameters are given in a table. The air-gap spacing and upper patch radius were empirically determined so that the VSWRs for each scan condition were mutually minimized. In this manner the VSWR was held relatively constant across the measured scan range of the array. >
Kinetic Model of Thermoelastic Martensite Transformation in Niti and NiMn Based Shape Memory Alloys

A new, quantitative model was developed to describe the martensite transformation kinetics of thermoelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs). In addition, a series of experiments were conducted to study the kinetics of thermoelastic martensite transformation in four SMA systems: NiTi, NiTi-15at%Hf, NiTi-20at%Zr and NiMn-7.5at%Ti alloys. Comparisons between data of the kinetic of martensite transformation with the present theoretic models show that the proposed model is in good agreement and concurs with the experimental data. Also, a comparison of data from the proposed model with data from existing kinetic models, such as Liang`s and Magee`s indicates that the proposed model can better describe the experimental data, including the relationship between d{xi}(T)/dT and {xi}, and d{xi}(T)/dT and T.
Brassica napus Plastid and Mitochondrial Chaperonin-60 Proteins Contain Multiple Distinct Polypeptides

Plastid chaperonin-60 protein was purified to apparent homogeneity from Brassica napus using a novel protocol. The purified protein, which migrated as a single species by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, contained four polypeptides: three variants of p60cpn60[alpha] and p60cpn60[beta]. Partial amino acid sequence determination demonstrated that each variant of p60cpn60[alpha] is a distinct translation product. During this study, additional chaperonin-60 proteins were purified. These proteins, which were free from contaminating plastid chaperonin-60, were separated into at least two high molecular weight species that were resolved only by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These proteins contained three 60-kD polypeptides. Two of these polypeptides were recognized by existing antisera, whereas the third was not. Partial amino acid sequence data revealed that each of these, including the immunologically distinct polypeptide, is a chaperonin-60 subunit of putative mitochondrial origin. The behavior of chaperonin-60 proteins during blue A Dyematrex chromatography suggests that this matrix may be generally useful for the identification of chaperonin-60 proteins.
The resurgence of national‐level bargaining: union strategies in Spain

Spain has witnessed an oscillating pattern of bargaining in which national-level agreements were first present, then declined, and have since resurfaced. While economic pressures may have motivated changing union responses, the specifics of the bargaining patterns can be better understood if domestic institutions are included in an explanation of union strategies.
Thermodynamic considerations of the reversible potential for the nickel electrode

The thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal solutions is applied to nickel hydroxide, the electrochemically active material in the positive electrode of a nickel battery, to provide theoretical insight into the reversible potential as a function of the state-of-discharge. The models were fit to experimental discharge curves to obtain the activity-coefficient parameters and the standard potential over a temperature range from 5 to 55°C. The two-parameter activity coefficient models perform significantly better than the Nernst equation and one-parameter Margules at all temperatures, thus suggesting that the insertion of the protons into the lattice occurs in an ordered, non-random fashion. The standard potential decreases linearly with temperature by 0.84 mV/K. The thermodynamic expressions and parameters given here enable one to predict the reversible potential of nickel hydroxide as a function of temperature and state-of-discharge.
Finite structure for Friedman ideals of finite trees

By extending Hall's classical marriage theorem, we find a finite structure theorem for every Friedman ideal of finite trees.
Sensor-based hybrid position/force control of a robot manipulator in an uncalibrated environment

The paper is devoted to the problem of controlling a robot manipulator for a class of constrained motions. The task under consideration is to control the manipulator, such that the end-effector follows a path on an unknown surface, with the aid of a single camera assumed to be uncalibrated with respect to the robot coordinates. To accomplish a task of this kind, we propose a new control strategy based on multisensor fusion. We assume that three different sensors-that is, encoders mounted at each joint of the robot with six degrees of freedom, a force-torque sensor mounted at the wrist of the manipulator, and a visual sensor with a single camera fixed to the ceiling of the workcell-are available. Also, we assume that the contact point between the tool grasped by the end-effector and the surface is frictionless. To describe the proposed algorithm that we have implemented, first we decouple the vector space of control variables into two subspaces. We use one for controlling the magnitude of the contact force on the surface and the other for controlling the constrained motion on the surface. This way, the control synthesis problem is decoupled and we are able to develop a new scheme that utilizes sensor fusion to handle uncalibrated parameters in the workcell, wherein the surface on which the task is to be performed is assumed to be visible, but has an a priori unknown position.
Epidemiologic Evidence on the Relationship between Mists Containing Sulfuric Acid and Respiratory Tract Cancer

This review identified and evaluated 25 epidemiologic studies pertaining to the carcinogenicity of mists containing sulfuric acid (MSA). Few studies were designed with acid mists as the principal exposure under investigation, and in all studies exposure assessment was limited. The results of the follow-up studies from industries with high or moderate exposure potential and the case-control studies indicate, in aggregate, a moderate association between MSA and larynx cancer. The data suggest a dose-response relationship. However, many of the results from individual studies are imprecise, and confounding by smoking, alcohol, and other occupational agents is not adequately adjusted for. The biologic plausibility and the possible carcinogenic mechanism remain uncertain. There is little evidence in support of a causal relationship between exposure to MSA and lung cancer. Information is inadequate for drawing any meaningful inference about the association between exposure to MSA and nasal cancer.
Code design for lossless multiterminal networks

This paper considers a general multiterminal (MT) system, which consists of L encoders and P decoders. Let X/sub 1/,..., X/sub L/ be memoryless, uniform, correlated random binary vectors of length n, and let x/sub 1/,..., x/sub L/ denote their realizations. Let further /spl Sigma/ = {1,...,L}. The i-th encoder compresses X/sub i/ independently from other encoders. The j-th decoder receives the bitstreams from a set of encoders /spl Sigma//sub j//spl sube/ /spl Sigma/ and jointly decodes them. It should reconstruct the received source messages with arbitrarily small probability of error. To construct a practical coding scheme for this network, we exploit the fact that such a network can be split into P subnetworks, each being regarded as a Slepian-Wolf (SW) coding system with multiple sources. This SW subnetwork consists of a decoder which receives encodings of all X/sub k/'s such that k/spl isin//spl Sigma//sub sw//spl sube//spl Sigma/ and attempts to reconstruct them perfectly. Based on (V. Stankovic et al. 2004), we first provide a code design for this setting, and then extend it to the general case.
The Effect of 16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E2 on Meal-Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion and Serum Gastrin in Duodenal Ulcer Patients

The effect of intragastric and intraduodenal 16,16 dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dm PGE2) on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastrin release was studied in patients with inactive duodenal ulcer. Compared to placebo, doses of 0.75, and 1.77 μg per kg of dm PGE2 instilled into the stomach inhibited meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion by 61 to 94% (P
Biosystematics of the straw itch mite with special reference to nomenclature and dermatology

SUMMARY 1 Cross-mating of various populations of Pyemotes obtained from laboratory insect cultures demonstrated that the straw itch mite is a single, widely dispersed species, different from P.ventricosus, which was probably associated with the furniture beetle. 2 P.ventricosus should not be the approved scientific name for the straw itch mite. The correct name for the straw itch mite is Pyemotes tritici. 3 Various Pyemotes species differ in preferred habitats, hosts, and toxicity to man. Whereas P.tritici commonly attacks grain insects and is highly toxic to man, other species attack wood boring insects and may cause little or no irritation. P.scolyti and P.parviscolyti, which attack bark beetles, cause no observable symptoms. 4 It is suggested that before Pyemotes are used as biological control agents against bark beetles, it is important to identify the species correctly.
Decision making for road departure warning systems

This paper investigates development of onboard road departure warning systems. A new approach, called the variable rumble strip (VRBS), is proposed. It is an onboard electronic implementation of the static rumble strip where the warning threshold is allowed to vary according to the risk of vehicle road departure. Performance of the VRBS system is similar to that of the time-to-lane-crossing approach, but requires less sensor information, making it more feasible in a vehicle application. Performance is measured in terms of hits, misses, and false alarms based on a validation warning set comprised of either static rumble strip generated warnings or by subjective interpretation of the road departure criticality. The algorithms are tested on two-hour driving simulator runs by 12 drivers.
Peer-Assisted Learning in Introductory Histopathology Improves Learner Scores and Delivers Learner Satisfaction

Peer-assisted learning (PAL) is learning facilitated by non-professional teachers who are members of the same peer or near-peer group as learners. The authors designed and implemented PAL for teaching histopathology to first year medical students (M1) by near-peer, and second year medical students (M2). We are among the first in the USA to teach introductory histopathology, a basic science element, using PAL. To evaluate our program, we used two assessment objectives: (1) Is peer teaching of histopathology as effective as faculty teaching? (2) Are students satisfied with peer teaching? From 2009–2014, the authors evaluated teaching effectiveness by comparing weekly assessment scores of PAL-taught students with scores of students who received only faculty instruction. To evaluate satisfaction, PAL-taught M1s completed surveys assessing the learning environment, teacher competency, and overall teacher performance; surveys also included space for optional written comments. Under PAL, all 5 years of students demonstrated improved scores compared with the last year of faculty instruction. Improvements during four of those years were statistically significant; the most recent year (2014) showed the greatest improvement (3.5 %) (p < 0.001). In addition, across all years of PAL, 90 % of M1 students rated the overall quality of M2 peer teachers as “good” or “excellent.” Our data show that peer-taught histopathology can be more effective than faculty teaching. Additionally, first year medical students reported overwhelming satisfaction from learning in an environment led by their peers.
Teleophthalmology Assessment of Diabetic Retinopathy

Implementation of telemedicine systems for diabetic retinopathy surveillance has the potential to significantly increase access to appropriate retinal care. The Telehealth Practice Recommendations for Diabetic Retinopathy provide guidelines for the design and implementation of a diabetic retinopathy telemedicine care program, and form the basis for evaluation of diabetic retinopathy telehealth techniques and technologies. Future studies are still needed to evaluate outcome data to assess the effectiveness or limitations in providing quality eye care with teleophthalmology.
Modelling applications in agricultural engineering: Mathematical models describing the flow of granular material

Models used to describe the flow of granular material through orifices has been under review for a long period of time. The need for a model that accurately describes the gravity flow of a wide variety of granular materials is greatly needed for the design of equipment such as grain drills, storage bins, and others used in all types of industries. In addition to only having a model that predicts flow, the model should have a physical basis so that the laws governing flow is known. Four different models have been reviewed, tested, and evaluated for the level at which each predicts the flow of granular material through circular orifices. Material with a bulk density ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 g/cm^3 were used in the evaluation. All orifices tested were circular and horizontal with sizes ranging from 1.3 to 10.5 cm, and flow was by gravity only. Comparison of the results showed that the goodness of fit as measured by R^2 ranged from 0.30 to 0.99, with a significance level as high as 99.9 percent (@a = 0.001). Of the models tested, two showed excellent results: the Gregory and Fedler (1987) model and the Beverloo et al. (1961) model.
Response of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) to its Aggregation Pheromone and Wheat Volatiles

The attraction of adult Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) to its aggregation pheromone and to volatiles of infested wheat was examined in relation to age, sex, and female mating status. Male and female beetles did not differ in their response to pheromone or wheat volatiles regardless of insect age. Virgin and mated females did not differ in their response to the pheromone or wheat volatiles. R. dominica was more responsive to wheat that was infested than to clean wheat, and the response was proportional to the density of insects in the wheat. This suggests a strong attraction to the insect pheromone in infested grain. The implications of these findings for the attraction and migration of R. dominica to stored wheat are discussed.