cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinician perspectives of barriers in perinatal palliative care

Purpose Perinatal palliative care (PPC) is a developing model of care aimed at providing supportive services to families anticipating fetal or neonatal demise. This study measured barriers physicians and advance practice nurses report in providing and referring patients to PPC. Study design and methods A cross-sectional survey design using the Perinatal Palliative Care Perceptions and Barriers Scale © was administered using a Web-based tool. Recruitment was completed via email and flyer invitations and list serves. Physicians (n = 66) and advance practice nurses (n = 146) participated. T-test and Mann-Whitney U were used to examine differences in clinician-reported barriers to PPC. Results Physicians and nurses differ significantly in the barriers they report. Nurses expressed more obstacles at the healthcare systems level reporting difficulty in their ability to garner interdisciplinary support and gain administrative backing. Physicians are more confident in their ability to counsel patients than nurses. Members of both disciplines express similar feelings of distress and helplessness when caring for families expecting a fetal or neonatal demise. They also report a lack of societal support and understanding about PPC. Clinical implications Cultivating an environment of collaboration and interdisciplinary communication can benefit both caregivers and patients. Nurses have an opportunity to lead and promote PPC endeavors through participating in advantageous partnerships and research. Both disciplines may benefit from interventions directed at increasing their comfort in caring for patients in a palliative setting through targeted education and supportive staff services.
Logic programming and the execution model of Prolog

This paper introduces the subject of logic programming, describes the execution model of Prolog, and surveys Prolog development tools. In addition, the paper explains how Prolong integrates with artificial intelligence applications and software engineering principles. Finally, it shows how the execution model of Prolog can be optimized and parallelized efficiently.
A New Complex Blind Source Separation Algorithm Based on Standard Kurtosis

In the complex blind source separation algorithm, the complex signal kurtosis maximization is often used as the cost function. The complex standard kurtosis was used instead of complex kurtosis as the newcost function for optimimization,and a modified complex quasinewton iterative algorithm was employed to optimize the cost function. The algorithm was applied to separate mixed QAMsignal,and simulation results showed that the improved algorithm has a good separation effect. Compared with the algorithm of the kurtosis maximization as the cost function,the convergence performance was improved obviously.
Keynote address: the calculus of disease-importance of an integrating mindset.

"The concept of One Medicine integrates the diverse relationships between humans and other animal species. Success in applying this concept requires more than the left-brain activities of categorizing and differentiating items and events. Success requires that we also allow ourselves-encourage ourselves-to use the right-brain activities of synthesis and creativity. If we find success in One Medicine, we shall have enhanced our positive influence on activities beyond what we typically consider "Veterinary Medicine"; we will have benefited the production of food and other agricultural products, the maintenance of environmental quality, and promoted humane values in society.
The Business Associations Supplement: 2016 for use with Palmiter & Partnoy Corporations, Second Edition

Corporations, a Contemporary Approach (2d ed.), by Alan Palmiter and Frank Partnoy, is an extraordinarily good casebook. It provides a well-organized, information-rich, balanced view of American corporate law.Its principal shortcoming is that it is heavily focused on the corporate form. Coverage of agency, partnerships, and limited liability companies is limited, making the book less than ideal for a course that includes those subjects.The Business Associations Supplement is designed to fill the gap. It provides materials for teaching agency, partnerships, and limited liability companies in a course on Business Associations or Business Organizations, using Corporations as the main text. The Business Associations Supplement also provides (1) problems and exercises that users can substitute for the Points for Discussion in Corporations, (2) fundamental documents for Facebook, Inc. and a hypothetical LLC, (3) some new cases decided since the publication of the second edition of Corporations, and (4) alternative edits of some of the cases in Corporations. These materials can also be used with other casebooks.In this 2016-2017 edition of The Business Associations Supplement, I have added two new essays. The first is a four-page introduction to business associations that summarizes and explains the subject (in Chapter 1). The second is a fifteen-page essay that explains entity choice (in Chapter 6). Entity law – including corporate law – is composed almost entirely of default rules, with the result that virtually any entity type can meet the needs of virtually any client.
What Is Homeland Security? Developing a Definition Grounded in the Curricula

The purpose of this article is to examine the treatment of homeland security in the content and context of a purposeful sample of graduate and undergraduate courses. This article establishes a fram...
Chromium-Free Conversion Coating of Zinc Plating Using Mn (II) -Silicate Solution

Chromium-free conversion coating films composed of Mn (II) -silicate were studied by salt spray tests, measurements of polarization resistance and surface analysis. Corrosion resistance of the film was better than the film consisting of each own component. The top of the film was composed with mainly silicate, however, inside of the film was mixture of Mn (II) and silicate. Total amounts of Mn (II) and Si in the film were an important factor for the corrosion resistance.
A novel epigenetic mark, Histone H1 fucosylation, regulates macrophage plasticity in Rheumatoid arthritis

Macrophages are the central players in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and are considered as important therapeutic targets in RA.They produce a number of inflammatory mediators and their professional antigen-presenting role has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA. High plasticity renders macrophagesan attractive tool for studying epigenetic reprogramming. A highly positive correlation between TNFα and fucosyltransferases (FUTs) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11 (p=0.0001) was observed in human RA synovial tissues. In sorted cells from RA synovial fluid, FUTs 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 (terminal and sub-terminal fucosylation) were highly expressed in M1 inflammatory macrophages, but not in M2 macrophages, synovial fibroblasts, and T cells (p<0.01), whereas FUTs 8 and 13 (coreand O-fucosylation) were predominately expressed in synovial fibroblasts. This highly indicated that terminal and sub-terminal FUTs are associated with the inflammatory M1 macrophagephenotypes.A fucosylation inhibitor, 2-Deoxy-D-galactose (2-D-gal) precluded the development of collagen II-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice (scores 9.5±1.7 vs 0.5± 0.3, p<0.01) with reduced M1 macrophages in draining LN, decreased TNF-α and anti-CII in the serum (p<0.05). Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA 1) pull down followed by mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the linker Histone H1 is the major protein that modified by a fucose-α-(1-2)-gal moiety in M1 macrophages. Disrupting this fucose modification by 2-D-galnot only altered the chromatin structure but also skewed the differentiation of M1 macrophages toward a M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype with a reprogrammed gene expression, including i)upregulated Arg1, Megf8, Gsta1/2 and Hmox1 (p<0.05); ii) downregulated Apol7c, Areg, Kynu, Fscn1, Ifnγ, Il6, Il12, Ly6c, and H2-Ab1(p<0.05). The studies identified that Histone 1 fucosylation is a novel epigenetic mark that orchestrates inflammatory macrophage plasticity andfucosylation inhibitor is a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
Morbidity and healthcare costs of vascular anomalies: a national study

This study aimed to define morbidities and costs related to modern-day medical care for children with vascular anomalies. We reviewed the 2003–2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database for pediatric patients (age < 21 years) hospitalized with hemangioma, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), or lymphatic malformation (LM). Patient characteristics, hospital complications, and hospital charges were compared by vascular anomaly type. Multivariable linear regression modeling was used to determine predictors of increasing hospital costs for patients with AVMs. In total, 7485 pediatric inpatients with vascular anomalies were identified. Frequently associated complications included chronic anemia (4.0%), sepsis (4.6%), and hypertension (2.4%). Children with AVM had the highest rate of in-hospital mortality, compared to those with hemangiomas or LM (1.0% vs. 0.1% vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001). AVMs were also associated with the highest median hospital charge, more than twice the cost for hemangiomas or LM ($45,875 vs. $18,909 vs. $18,919; p < 0.001). There is a significant rate of morbidity in children with vascular anomalies, most often from blood loss and infection. The greater cost of AVM care may be related to the higher mortality rate, associated complications, and complexity of procedures required treating them. Cost-effective management of vascular anomalies should target prevention and the early recognition of both chronic comorbidities and acute complications.
Biomechanics and biorheology of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder that causes painful crises due to vaso-occlusion of small blood vessels. The primary cause of the clinical phenotype of SCA is the intracellular polymerization of sickle hemoglobin resulting in sickling of red blood cells (RBCs) in deoxygenated conditions. In this review, we discuss the biomechanical and biorheological characteristics of sickle RBCs and sickle blood as well as their implications toward a better understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of SCA. Additionally, we highlight the adhesive heterogeneity of RBCs in SCA and their specific contribution to vaso-occlusive crisis.
The Impact of an Interactive Statistics Module on Novices’ Development of Scientific Process Skills and Attitudes in a First-Semester Research Foundations Course †

Evidence suggests that incorporating quantitative reasoning exercises into existent curricular frameworks within the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines is essential for novices’ development of conceptual understanding and process skills in these domains. Despite this being the case, such studies acknowledge that students often experience difficulty in applying mathematics in the context of scientific problems. To address this concern, the present study sought to explore the impact of active demonstrations and critical reading exercises on novices’ comprehension of basic statistical concepts, including hypothesis testing, experimental design, and interpretation of research findings. Students first engaged in a highly interactive height activity that served to intuitively illustrate normal distribution, mean, standard deviation, and sample selection criteria. To enforce practical applications of standard deviation and p-value, student teams were subsequently assigned a figure from a peer-reviewed primary research article and instructed to evaluate the trustworthiness of the data. At the conclusion of this exercise, students presented their evaluations to the class for open discussion and commentary. Quantitative assessment of pre- and post-module survey data indicated a statistically significant increase both in students’ scientific reasoning and process skills and in their self-reported confidence in understanding the statistical concepts presented in the module. Furthermore, data indicated that the majority of students (>85%) found the module both interesting and helpful in nature. Future studies will seek to develop additional, novel exercises within this area and to evaluate the impact of such modules across a variety of STEM and non-STEM contexts.
[Proximal corrective osteotomy : Correction of hallux valgus deformity].

Severe symptomatic hallux valgus deformities are usually not treatable with conservative methods in the long-term. Surgical treatment currently aims for mechanical restitution of the first ray with preserved mobility of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP 1) joint and with low risk of recurrence after surgery. Keeping these aims in mind the surgical methods consist of osteotomy at the proximal part of the first metatarsal bone with a high potential for correction of the deformity. Surgical interventions at the midshaft level of the first metatarsal are only useful if the anatomical shape of the metatarsal shows a wide shaft, which allows a large shift in the osteotomy. In all other cases of severe hallux valgus deformity two different surgical principles are currently used and recommended: 1. proximal or basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone in all cases with a preserved MTP 1 and tarsometatarsal (TMT-1) joint without signs of instability. 2. Arthrodesis of the TMT-1 joint in all cases of instability or degenerative changes with an intact MTP 1 joint, the so-called Lapidus arthrodesis. This article gives an overview over the most important and widely used surgical techniques for correction of severe hallux valgus deformities. Emphasis is placed on the different osteosynthesis techniques and the recommended postoperative regimens. The advantages and disadvantages of the most frequently employed osteotomy techniques are discussed based on the current literature and the authors own experience.
Association Between Elevated Brain Amyloid and Subsequent Cognitive Decline Among Cognitively Normal Persons.

Importance Among cognitively normal individuals, elevated brain amyloid (defined by cerebrospinal fluid assays or positron emission tomography regional summaries) can be related to risk for later Alzheimer-related cognitive decline. Objective To characterize and quantify the risk for Alzheimer-related cognitive decline among cognitively normal individuals with elevated brain amyloid. Design, Setting, and Participants Exploratory analyses were conducted with longitudinal cognitive and biomarker data from 445 cognitively normal individuals in the United States and Canada. Participants were observed from August 23, 2005, to June 7, 2016, for a median of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 2.0-4.2 years; maximum follow-up, 10.3 years) as part of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Exposures Individuals were classified at baseline as having normal (n = 243) or elevated (n = 202) brain amyloid using positron emission tomography amyloid imaging or a cerebrospinal fluid assay of amyloid β. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes included scores on the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC; a sum of 4 baseline standardized z scores, which decreases with worse performance), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; 0 [worst] to 30 [best] points), Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR–Sum of Boxes; 0 [best] to 18 [worst] points), and Logical Memory Delayed Recall (0 [worst] to 25 [best] story units). Results Among the 445 participants (243 with normal amyloid, 202 with elevated amyloid), mean (SD) age was 74.0 (5.9) years, mean education was 16.4 (2.7) years, and 52% were women. The mean score for PACC at baseline was 0.00 (2.60); for MMSE, 29.0 (1.2); for CDR–Sum of Boxes, 0.04 (0.14); and for Logical Memory Delayed Recall, 13.1 (3.3). Compared with the group with normal amyloid, those with elevated amyloid had worse mean scores at 4 years on the PACC (mean difference, 1.51 points [95% CI, 0.94-2.10]; P P P = .002). For Logical Memory Delayed Recall, between-group score was not statistically significant at 4 years (mean difference, 0.73 story units [95% CI, −0.02 to 1.48]; P = .056). Conclusions and Relevance Exploratory analyses of a cognitively normal cohort followed up for a median of 3.1 years suggest that elevation in baseline brain amyloid level, compared with normal brain amyloid level, was associated with higher likelihood of cognitive decline, although the findings are of uncertain clinical significance. Further research is needed to assess the clinical importance of these differences and measure longer-term associations.
Forgiveness by God, religious commitment, and waist/hip ratios

The purpose of this study was to see if a person's level of commitment to religion moderates the relationship between forgiveness by God and waist/hip ratios. The data come from a nationwide probability survey of adults of all ages (N = 2,453). Interviewers measured respondents' waist and hip circumference. Questions were administered to assess how often people feel they have been forgiven by God and how deeply they are committed to their faith. Controls were established for several different aspects of religion (i.e., church attendance, private prayer, and religious affiliation) as well as select demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, education, race, residential location, and marital status). Forgiveness by God is associated with less favorable waist/hip ratios, but only among study participants who are less committed to their faith. A set of supplementary analyses were performed using the frequency of moderate exercise as an outcome. The findings suggest that forgiveness by God is associated with less frequent exercise, but only among study participants who are less committed to their faith. The findings add greater credence to the literature on the relationship between religion and health because they are based on biological measures.
Super-Cooled Large Droplet Experimental Reproduction, Ice Shape Modeling, and Scaling Method Assessment

Super-cooled large droplets (SLDs) present a unique experimental challenge for conventional horizontal spray icing wind tunnels due to gravity effects on the droplets and coalescence between the pa...
The Stimulation of Proliferation of Carcinogenically Initiated INIT/C3H/10T1/2 Cells by Imposing a 60 Hz Magnetic Field: A Magnetic Field or a Thermal Effect?

Exposure of humans to environmental levels of EMF has been epidemiologically linked with a variety of health risks, including childhood cancers,1 leukemia among electrical workers,2 brain cancer3 and breast cancer.4,5 In addition, EMF influences have been reported in cellular studies, on cell cycle progression,6 calcium oscillations,7 cell proliferation6 and oncogene transcription.8,9 However EMF research has produced as many negative or inconclusive results as positive, from both epidemiology10,11,12 and in vitro cellular research (e.g. calcium uptakel3 and oncogene transcription14,15). Most evidence indicates that EMF does not have mutagenic or genotoxic effects.16,17 However, one line of inquiry concerns the possible cancer promoter or copromoter behavior of EMF, possibly by altering transmembrane signal transduction or intercellular communication.
Theory of Magnetic Field Effects on the Raman Scattering of Shallow Impurity States in Semiconductors

The recent upsurge of interest in electronic Raman scattering in semiconductors[1, 2] has prompted us to extend our calculations[3,4] of magnetic field effects on infrared impurity spectra to the case of Raman scattering. Two cases have been investigated: the effect of small magnetic fields on shallow acceptors in germanium and the effect of large magnetic fields on shallow donors in indium antimonide.
Coupled Non-Fickian Diffusion and Large Deformation of Hydrogels

Solvent migration in swelling polymer shows complex behaviour, as the interface of wet (rubbery) region moves along with solvent diffusion into the dry (glassy) region, which is accompanied by local deformation. This extrinsic mechanism has led to novel three-dimensional (3D) polymer micro-actuators using direct solvent delivery via microfluidic channels. Here we present experimental techniques to quantify the non-Fickian diffusion in the swelling polymer in an attempt to predict the dynamics of local deformation in such solvent driven micro-actuators. We recorded the evolving diffusion front of solvent in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel upon wetting. In order to measure diffusivity of solvent in the polymer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used. Simulation result from the theory shows good agreement with Case II non-Fickian swelling experiment. We expect that our experimental methods for such coupled diffusion and deformation will help better capture the underlying physics of hydrogel behaviour and provide fundamental basis in exploration of various hydrogel applications.
The distance between the hamstring grafts and the physis and apophysis of the proximal tibia - implications for pediatric ACL reconstruction and physeal arrest

Objectives To evaluate the relationship of the gracilis and semitendinosus tendon and the proximal tibial physis and apophysis regions on human paediatric knee specimens. Methods Metallic markers were placed at the proximal and distal extents of the anterior margin of the pes anserine in 24 paediatric knee specimens (ages 2 to 11 years). CT scans from each specimen were analysed using OsiriX. The distance from the proximal and distal tibial epiphysis and pes anserine insertion (proximal and distal extent) was measured in the sagittal plane. The medial–lateral distance from the centre of the apophysis to the pes anserine insertion was measured in the axial plane. Results In the sagittal plane, the anteroproximal pes anserine insertions were found to be distal to the proximal tibia physis by a mean of 21.4 mm (range 13.1–30.5 mm). In the axial plane, the mean distance from the anteroproximal extent of the pes anserine to the tibial apophysis was 6.6 mm (range 3.1–12.3 mm). No clear trend was observed based on age. Conclusions The distance from the pes anserine insertions to the physis apophyseal region of the tibia is relatively small. Dissections in this area should consider the intimate relationships of the physeal/apophyseal structures. Techniques that strip the tendons and surrounding periosteum from the insertions may damage the peripheral regions of physeal/apophyseal regions. Graft harvest from the pes anserine (gracilis and semitendinosus) should consider modifications of the surgical technique that avoid direct injury to the vulnerable physeal/apophyseal regions. Level of evidence Level IV.
Dynamic Data Driven Application Systems for Identification of Biomarkers in DNA Methylation

The term ‘epigenetic’ refers to all heritable alterations that occur in a given gene function without having any change on the DeoxyriboNucleic Acid (DNA) sequence. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in development and differentiation of various diseases including cancer. The specific epigenetic alteration that has garnered a great deal of attention is DNA methylation, i.e., the addition of a methyl-group to cytosine. Recent studies have shown that different tumor types have distinct methylation profiles. Identifying idiosyncratic DNA methylation profiles of different tumor types and subtypes can provide invaluable insights for accurate diagnosis, early detection, and tailoring of the related treatment for cancer. In this study, our goal is to identify the informative genes (biomarkers) whose methylation level change correlates with a specific cancer type or subtype. To achieve this goal, we propose a novel high dimensional learning framework inspired by the dynamic data driven application systems paradigm to identify the biomarkers, determine the outlier(s) and improve the quality of the resultant disease detection. The proposed framework starts with a principal component analysis (PCA) followed by hierarchical clustering (HCL) of observations and determination of informative genes based on the HCL predictions. The capabilities and performance of the proposed framework are demonstrated using a DNA methylation dataset stored in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) DataSets on lung cancer. The preliminary results demonstrate that our framework outperforms the conventional clustering algorithms with embedded dimension reduction methods, in its efficiency to identify informative genes and outliers, and removal of their contaminating effects at the expense of reasonable computational cost.
Circling the Square: Geometry, Masculinity, and the Norms of Antony and Cleopatra

Mazzio’s chapter demonstrates how writers aligned ideal and potentially replicable masculinities with properties of the geometric square, how Renaissance dramas could expose potentially harmful ideologies of ‘squares’ and ‘squaring,’ and how Antony and Cleopatra offers Shakespeare’s most powerful critique of the normalizing logic of the square. Opening with the etymology of ‘enormous,’ meaning ‘out of square,’ Antony’s description of having ‘not kept [his] square’ while in Egypt with Cleopatra, and the legacy of Aristotle’s ‘square man’ in early modernity, Mazzio then examines productive tensions between the square and circle for exposing otherwise supressed vulnerabilities of ‘normal’ masculinity. For Shakespeare, moreover, the geometric foundations of ‘measure’ and identity in Rome find their origin (not simply opposite) in Egypt, where Cleopatra establishes an alternative geometry of masculinity.
Children with Hemiparesis Arm and Movement Project (CHAMP): protocol for a multisite comparative efficacy trial of paediatric constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) testing effects of dosage and type of constraint for children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.

Introduction The Children with Hemiparesis Arm and Movement Project (CHAMP) addresses two pressing issues concerning paediatric constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT): effects of two dosages and two types of constraint on functional outcomes. Systematic reviews conclude that CIMT is one of the most efficacious treatments, but wide variations in treatment protocols, outcome measures and patient characteristics have prevented conclusions about potential effects of dosage levels and constraint methods. Methods and analysis CHAMP is a multisite comparative efficacy randomised controlled trial of 135 children (2–8 years) with hemiparetic cerebral palsy. The 2×2 factorial design tests two dosage levels—60 hours (3.0 hours/day, 5 days/week × 4 weeks) and 30 hours (2.5 hours/day, 3 days/week × 4 weeks) and two constraint conditions—full-arm, full-time cast and part-time splint, plus usual and customary (UCT) controls, yielding five groups: (1) 60 hours CIMT+full-time cast, (2) 60 hours CIMT+part-time splint, (3) 30 hours CIMT+full-time cast, (4) 30 hours CIMT+part-time splint and (5) UCT. Trained therapists deliver the standardised ACQUIREc protocol for CIMT. Blinded assessments at baseline, end of treatment, and 6 and 12 months post treatment include the Assisting Hand Assessment, and subscales from the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 and modified Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test. Parents complete the Pediatric Motor Activity Log and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. A new Fidelity of Implementation Rehabilitation Measure monitors treatment delivery. Data analyses involve repeated-measures multivariate analysis of co-variance controlling for selected baseline variables. Ethics and dissemination Ethics boards at site universities approved the study protocol. To promote equipoise, parents of UCT controls are offered ACQUIREc after 6 months. A Data Safety and Monitoring Committee reviews results regularly, including measures of child and family stress. We will disseminate CHAMP results via peer-reviewed publications and presentations to professional and advocacy organisations. Trial registration number NCT01895660; Pre-results.
Neurogenic Stunned Myocardium: A Case Report and Brief Review.

Abstract Background Neurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM) is a condition in a group of stress cardiomyopathies with evolving nomenclature that includes Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. It manifests through electrocardiogram changes, cardiac enzyme elevation, and regional or global kinetic wall motion abnormalities. Case Report We present a 43-year-old female with a subarachnoid hemorrhage who developed persistent hypotension and tachycardia secondary to neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? It is important to consider NSM in any patient with neurologic pathology and undifferentiated shock. Early recognition in the emergency department setting can yield valuable data to guide the treatment and improve clinical outcomes in these patients.
Testing for poolability of the space-time autoregressive moving-average model

We consider the impacts of spatial aggregation on the model parameters and forecasts of the space-time autoregressive moving-average (STARMA) model. In particular, we focus on poolability, the equa...
Individual Learning Vs. Interactive Learning: A Cognitive Diagnostic Analysis of MOOC Students’ Learning Behaviors

Researchers have been interested in classifying massive open online course (MOOC) students based on their learning behaviors. However, less attention has been paid to the cognitive attributes assoc...
Data mining fool’s gold:

The scientific method is based on the rigorous testing of falsifiable conjectures. Data mining, in contrast, puts data before theory by searching for statistical patterns without being constrained ...
MVCNN++: Computer-Aided Design Model Shape Classification and Retrieval Using Multi-View Convolutional Neural Networks

Abstract Deep neural networks have shown promising success towards the classification and retrieval tasks for images and text data. While there have been several implementations of deep networks in the area of computer graphics, these algorithms do not translate easily across different datasets, especially for shapes used in product design and manufacturing domain. Unlike datasets used in the 3D shape classification and retrieval in the computer graphics domain, engineering level description of 3D models do not yield themselves to neat distinct classes. The current study looks at an improved form of the 3D shape deep learning algorithm for classification and retrieval through the use of techniques such as relaxed classification, use of prime angled camera angles for capturing feature detail and transfer learning for reducing the amount of data and processing time needed to train shape recognition algorithms. The proposed algorithm (MVCNN++) builds on top of multi-view convolutional neural network (MVCNN) algorithm, improving its efficacy for manufacturing part classification by enabling use of part metadata, yielding an improvement of almost 6% over the original version. With the explosive growth of 3D product models available in publicly available repositories, search and discovery of relevant models is critical to democratizing access to design models.
Schema Therapy for Chronic Depression Associated with Childhood Trauma: A Case Study:

Chronic depression lasting longer than 2 years is often undertreated. Research suggests that maladaptive cognitive schemas mediate the association between childhood trauma and later depression. Sch...
Semi-empirical mapping method for energy recovery wheel performance simulation

Abstract Energy recovery ventilators are often employed in buildings to decrease the energy consumed by their HVAC systems, and to improve overall indoor air quality. Several studies in the open literature have developed physical or empirical models to simulate the performance of energy recovery wheels. However, these models are often computationally intensive, time-consuming, or require numerous experimental data points to train and execute the performance predictions. These models also tend to lack flexibility for varying all of the available wheel design parameters. Hence, developing a mapping method with better computational efficiency and flexibility is the goal of this research. A finite difference numerical model for simulating the performance of an energy wheel has been developed and validated using experimental test results from independent laboratories. This model was then employed to provide an extensive data set for the development of an energy wheel performance mapping method. After validating this new mapping approach, the method predictions were compared against independent data sets from two different laboratories, and additional sources available in the literature, to identify its universality. The mapping method delivers good agreement between the predictions and validation data, and requires only a small number of data points to train, which is one of its novel contributions. Another unique contribution of the proposed mapping method is that once the model is trained it can predict the performance characteristics for other wheels with different physical design geometries and operating conditions, provided only that the desiccant material is the same.
Trends in Female Authorship in Major Journals of 3 Oncology Disciplines, 2002-2018.

Importance Gender disparity exists among authors of the oncology literature. Objective To quantify trends in authorship by gender within a comprehensive data set of Medline-indexed oncology articles in medical journals with high impact factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used Medline citations to examine archives of research journals from 3 disciplines in the oncology literature. Authors from all oncology-related articles with Medical Subject Headings terms assigned from 2002 to 2018 from 13 general oncology/medicine, radiation oncology, and surgical journals were included for analysis, encompassing clinical trials, observational studies (excluding case reports), reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and all other published articles. Data were analyzed between April and May 2020. Exposures Authors were assigned genders based on societal naming norms via third-party gender identification service Gender-API.com. This assignment was internally validated based on manually obtained publicly available data on the internet. Main Outcomes and Measures Trend in female authorship over time while considering journal type, authorship position, and article type. Results A total of 420 526 authors from 58 368 articles were found, of which 400 945 were assigned a gender based on their name. In total, 29.5% (95% CI, 29.4%-29.6%) of authors were identified as female, rising from 25.5% (95% CI, 24.7%-26.3%) in 2002 to 31.7% (95% CI, 31.2%-32.3%) in 2018. Each subgroup of primary article type by journal type saw a rise in female authorship over the studied period. For primary articles, last authors were less likely to be women than first authors, regardless of journal type, year, and primary article type (eg, general oncology: odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% CI, 0.52-0.69). For general oncology articles, women were less likely to be authors of clinical trials at each authorship position than authors at that respective position for observational studies (first, second, and last authors: OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49-0.67; other authors: OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79-0.89). This difference was not seen for radiation oncology or surgical oncology journals. Conclusions and Relevance This cross-sectional study found that female authorship in oncology research literature has increased. However, there remains a dearth of female senior authors, and the overall rise in female authorship has not kept up with the rise in female oncology faculty.
Bleomycin sclerotherapy following doxycycline lavage in the treatment of ranulas: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature.

ObjectiveA ranula is a mucus-filled salivary pseudocyst that forms in the floor of the mouth, commonly arising from the sublingual or submandibular salivary glands following obstruction or trauma. ...
Evaluation of student collaboration on canvas LMS using educational data mining techniques

Online discussion forums provide valuable information about students' learning and engagement in course activities. The hidden knowledge in the contents of these discussion posts can be examined by analyzing the social interactions between the participants. This research investigates students' learning and collaborative problem-solving aspects by applying social network analysis (SNA) metrics and sophisticated computational techniques. The data is collected from online course discussion forums on Canvas, a Learning Management System (LMS), in a CS1 course at a medium-sized US University. The research demonstrates that efficient tools are needed to model and evaluate goal-oriented discussion forums constructed from active student collaborations. This research aims to develop a systematic data collection and analysis instrument incorporated into LMSs that enables grading the discussions to improve instructional outcomes, gain insights into and explain educational phenomena. The study also emphasizes important SNA metrics that analyze students' social behavior since a positive correlation was seen between the number of posts made by students and their academic performance in terms of the final grade. The prototype developed (CODA - Canvas Online Discussion Analyzer) helps evaluate students' performance based on the useful knowledge they share while participating in course discussions. The experimental results provided evidence that analysis of structured discussion data offers potential insights about changes in student collaboration patterns over time and students' sense of belongingness for pedagogical benefits. As future work, further analysis will be done by extracting additional students' data, such as their demographic data, majors, and performance in other courses to study cognitive and behavioral aspects from the collaboration networks.
Reimagining Public Education Equity after COVID-19: Will Public Voices from New York's Epicenter Be Heard Over the Siren Song of Billionaires?

This Article discusses how New York City public schools planned to reopen in the fall of 2020, given the COVID-19 crisis, and what educators and elected leaders charged with school governance consider when closing and reopening schools to support public health and address and alleviate the stark inequities the pandemic exposed and exacerbated. This Article also explores who should decide the terms and, moreover, what theories and methods of leadership and governance might best respond to the stark social and educational inequities that the pandemic revealed and worsened.
Recurrent preterm birth risk assessment for two delivery subtypes: A multivariable analysis.

OBJECTIVE The study sought to develop and apply a framework that uses a clinical phenotyping tool to assess risk for recurrent preterm birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS We extended an existing clinical phenotyping tool and applied a 4-step framework for our retrospective cohort study. The study was based on data collected in the Genomic and Proteomic Network for Preterm Birth Research Longitudinal Cohort Study (GPN-PBR LS). A total of 52 sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric history-related risk factors were selected for the analysis. Spontaneous and indicated delivery subtypes were analyzed both individually and in combination. Chi-square analysis and Kaplan-Meier estimate were used for univariate analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS : A total of 428 women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth qualified for our analysis. The predictors of preterm delivery used in multivariable model were maternal age, maternal race, household income, marital status, previous caesarean section, number of previous deliveries, number of previous abortions, previous birth weight, cervical insufficiency, decidual hemorrhage, and placental dysfunction. The models stratified by delivery subtype performed better than the naive model (concordance 0.76 for the spontaneous model, 0.87 for the indicated model, and 0.72 for the naive model). DISCUSSION The proposed 4-step framework is effective to analyze risk factors for recurrent preterm birth in a retrospective cohort and possesses practical features for future analyses with other data sources (eg, electronic health record data). CONCLUSIONS We developed an analytical framework that utilizes a clinical phenotyping tool and performed a survival analysis to analyze risk for recurrent preterm birth.
Effect of Changing Automobile Materials on the Junk Car of the Future

Annual projections of the amounts of metallic and non-metallic materials available for resource recovery form the average junk car in the time period 1974 through 1995 are presented. The amounts and the composition of the ferrous and non-ferrous metals and the non-metallic material derived from the recycling of junk cars will undergo large changes in the future due to the material changes adopted in the manufacture of current and future automobiles. Implications important to the recycling industry due to these changes are identified and related research and development programs which need addressing are discussed.
The Picture Theory

In his “Introduction” to Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico- Philosophicus, Bertrand Russell says that the question Wittgenstein is concerned with is “what relation must one fact (such as a sentence) have to another in order to be capable of being a symbol for that other?” To solve this logical problem, one must determine “the conditions for uniqueness of meaning in symbols or combinations of symbols.” He goes on to say that “perhaps the most fundamental thesis of Mr. Wittgenstein’s theory” is this: “In order that a certain sentence should assert a certain fact there must, however the language may be constructed, be something in common between the structure of the sentence and the structure of the fact.” 1 Explicitly, “We speak of a logical picture of a reality when we wish to imply only so much resemblance as is essential to its being a picture in any sense, that is to say, when we wish to imply no more than identity of logical form.”2 A further specification of this principle, as I point out below, is that in representation we conventionally use only as much likeness between representation and object as is required for the one to represent the other.
Handbook of Computer Vision Algorithms in Image Algebra

From the Publisher: Handbook of Computer Vision Algorithms in Image Algebra provides engineers, scientists, and students with an introduction to image algebra and presents detailed descriptions of over 80 fundamental computer vision techniques. The book also introduces the portable iac++ library, which supports image algebra programming in the C++ language.
Goals for the Workshop

The author presents a list of issues that he considers important for the ECLOUD'04 Workshop to address. This list is necessarily incomplete, and reflects the author's points of view.
Properties of paper made from fibers of hesperaloe funifera (Agavaceae)

The long, thin fiber cells of Hesperaloe funifera have been identified as having potential value in paper-making, although no studies to date have reported data on their technical strength properties in test papers. This study summarizes evaluations done by the Herty Foundation on Hesperaloe fiber. Tensile strength, burst strength, and tear strength of paper made from Hesperaloe are significantly greater than those of softwood kraft, the industry standard. Tensile and burst strength of Hesperaloe pulps are also higher than those of abaca or sisal, two high-value specialty fibers; tear strength is somewhat lower in Hesperaloe. The fibers of Hesperaloe were processed in two ways-using a decorticator or using a roller mill. Pulp obtained from the decorticated leaf fibers had higher strength properties.
Mathematical and Statistical Approaches to Aids Epidemiology

Statistical and Mathematical Approaches in HIV/AIDS Modeling: A Review.- I. Statistical Methodology and Forecasting.- Epidemic Models, Empirical Studies, and Uncertainty.- Predicting AIDS Incidence by Extrapolating from Recent Trends.- II. Infectivity and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).- Measuring HIV Infectivity.- The Stages of HIV Infection: Waiting Times and Infection Transmission Probabilities.- Modeling Heterogeneity in Susceptibility and Infectivity for HIV Infection.- On the Role of Variable Infectivity in the Dynamics of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic.- III. Heterogeneity and HIV Transmission Dynamics.- Assessment of the Risk of HIV Spread Via Non-steady Heterosexual Partners in the U. S. Population.- On the Role of Long Incubation Periods in the Dynamics of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Part 2: Multiple Group Models.- Nonrandom Mixing Models of HIV Transmission.- IV. Social Dynamics and AIDS.- The Structure and Context of Social Interactions and the Spread of HIV.- Pair Formation in Sexually-Transmitted Diseases.- Mixing Framework for Social/Sexual Behavior.- Interaction, Pair Formation and Force of Infection Terms in Sexually Transmitted Diseases.- Structured Mixing: Heterogeneous Mixing by the Definition of Activity Groups.- Selective Contact within Structured Mixing with an Application to HIV Transmission Risk from Oral and Anal Sex.- V. The Immune System and the HIV.- Modeling the Interaction of the Immune System with HIV.- Modeling the Interaction of HIV with Cells of the Immune System.- When HIV meets the Immune System: Network Theory, Alloimmunity, Autoimmunity, and AIDS.
Behavior of λ Bacteriophage in a Recombination Deficient Strain of Escherichia coli

The behavior of lambda phage in the Rec(-) strain JC-1569 is compared with that in the Rec(+) strain JC-1557. No difference deemed significant was noted in the adsorption rate, latent period, burst size, frequency of lysogenization, and frequency of vegetative phage recombination. The location of the prophage and its mode of insertion in the Rec(-) lysogen of wild-type lambda (lambda(+)) were inferred to be normal from the results of conjugational crosses. Spontaneous and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induction of lambda(+) were markedly reduced in the Rec(-) lysogen. On the other hand, thermal induction of a mutant lambda (lambdacI857) lysogen of the Rec(-) strain was not reduced and was only slightly affected by UV irradiation. Phage subject to inhibition by lambda immunity failed to multiply in UV-irradiated cells of the Rec(-) lambda(+) lysogen, whereas those not inhibited by this immunity did multiply. It was concluded that the failure of UV to induce lambda(+) in the Rec(-) lysogen was not due to damage to the prophage, but rather to the inability of the irradiated cells to respond by lifting immunity. Preliminary evidence indicates that a single mutation confers recombination deficiency and the inability to lift immunity after UV irradiation. Possible relationships between recombination and the lifting of immunity are enumerated.
Carrier lifetimes and gain in 1.3-/spl mu/m strained lnAsP/lnGaAsP multiple-quantum-well lasers

We report on measurements of differential carrier lifetime and gain as a function of carrier density, as well as total carrier lifetime at threshold in InAsP separate confinement multiple quantum well buried heterostructure (SCH-MQW-BH) lasers.
Motivational Consumption Model: Exploring the Psychological Structure of News Use

An informed citizenry is important to the functioning of democratic political systems. Despite the proliferation of news outlets over the past decade, news consumption among the general American pu...