cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurofilament-lysosomal genetic intersections in the cortical network of stuttering

The neurobiological underpinnings of stuttering, a speech disorder characterized by disrupted speech fluency, remain unclear. While recent developments in the field have afforded researchers the ability to pinpoint several genetic profiles associated with stuttering, how these specific genetic backgrounds impact neuronal circuits and how they generate or facilitate the emergence of stuttered speech remains unknown. In this study, we identified the large-scale cortical network that characterizes stuttering using functional connectivity MRI and graph theory. We performed a spatial similarity analysis that examines whether the topology of the stuttering cortical network intersects with genetic expression levels of previously reported genes for stuttering from the protein-coding transcriptome data of the Allen Human Brain Atlas. We found that GNPTG - a gene involved in the mannose-6-phosphate lysosomal targeting pathways - was significantly co-localized with the stuttering cortical network. An enrichment analysis demonstrated that the genes identified with the stuttering cortical network shared a significantly overrepresented biological functionality of Neurofilament Cytoskeleton Organization (NEFH, NEFL and INA). The relationship between lysosomal pathways, cytoskeleton organization, and stuttering, was investigated by comparing the genetic interactome between GNPTG and the neurofilament genes implicated in the current study. We found that genes of the interactome network, including CDK5, SNCA, and ACTB, act as functional links between lysosomal and neurofilament genes. These findings support the notion that stuttering is due to a lysosomal dysfunction, which has deleterious effects on the neurofilament organization of the speech neuronal circuits. They help to elucidate the intriguing, unsolved link between lysosomal mutations and the presence of stuttering.
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF THE $delta$I = 1/2 RULE, AND THE $delta$S = +$delta$Q RULE IN THREE-BODY DECAYS OF NEUTRAL K MESONS

Results of an experiment using the 3-body decays of K/sup o/ were used to test rules suggested for strange-particle decay. These rules are: DELTA I =1/ 2(NL), for nonleptonic (NL) decays; DELTA I = 1/2(L) for strangeness-changing leptonic (L) decays; and DELTA S = + DELTA Q, correlating the changes in strangeness (S) and charge of the strongly interacting particles in S-changing L decay, Data are incompatible with these rules. (L.N.N.)
Trash, treasure, and everything in between

In Secondhand, Adam Minter—building on his acclaimed first book, Junkyard Planet, which examined the global material recycling market—takes readers around the world to discover the people and companies that make up the global secondhand market. Along the way, he meets consumers who donate and sell their used goods; representatives from the companies that buy, aggregate, sort, refurbish, redistribute, and resell these items; and the customers who eventually buy them.
Advanced heart failure therapies in patients with stable HIV infection.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects nearly 38 million people worldwide. Patients living with HIV (PLHIV) on modern highly active antiretroviral therapy face significant morbidity and mortality related to the progression of chronic diseases, which lead to an increase in the burden of end-stage organ disease and organ failure. PLHIV present a two fold increased risk of heart failure as compared with the general population, with a prevalence of clinical heart failure of 6.5 %. Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is rarely performed in HIV-positive patients despite the fact that HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is a major long-term complication of HIV infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present a case of PLHIV presenting with decompensated heart failure, requiring initial therapy with left ventricular assist device, followed by heart transplantation, accompanied by an update on current concepts, and experience in the field. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION HIV-associated cardiomyopathy is a major long-term complication of HIV infection. LVAD support or OHT should also be encouraged among HIV-positive patients as current data indicates that AHFT is safe in carefully selected HIV-positive patients and outcomes are similar to those of HIV-negative patients.
Grounding Climate Justice

This chapter examines efforts locating the objects and subjects of socio-ecological justice more precisely in social and physical space. In two parts, the chapter analyzes examples centered in the US, considering first the work of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and its Environmental and Climate Justice Program (ECJP), and second, that of the New Cowboy Indian Alliance (New CIA). Work like that of the ECJP and New CIA offers a crucial complement to transnational coalitions by giving equal or greater emphasis to historically, socially, and geographically specific conditions. In differing ways both suggest the political possibilities inherent in myriad other initiatives linking the globally extensive, socio-ecologically complex processes of climate change with the non-climate concerns of established and emerging constituencies.
Outcomes after Open Lower Extremity Revascularization in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia.

Background For decades, open intervention was the treatment of choice in patients requiring lower extremity revascularization. In the endovascular era, however, open and endovascular revascularization are options. The implications of prior revascularization on the outcomes for subsequent revascularization are not known. In the present study, we evaluated 30-day outcomes after open lower extremity revascularization for critical limb ischemia (CLI) in those who had previous interventions. Methods The 2012–2017 open lower extremity bypass Participant User Data Files from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were used to identify a cohort of patients with CLI. Patients whose operation was considered emergent were excluded from the analysis. Patients were stratified on whether they had a previous open or endovascular intervention or undergoing a primary revascularization. The primary outcome measure was 30-day major adverse limb events (MALEs). Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and wound complications. Results A total of 12,668 patients met study criteria with 59.6% (n = 7,549) undergoing a primary open revascularization, 22.4% (n = 2,839) having a prior endovascular intervention, and 18.0% (n = 2,280) having a prior open revascularization. There were notable differences in the baseline characteristics between the 3 groups. In addition, there were differences in the reason for intervention (rest pain versus tissue loss), type of revascularization, and type of conduit used between the 3 groups. After adjustment, a prior open revascularization was significantly associated with 30-day MALE when compared with a primary revascularization (adjusted odds ratio, 1.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–1.94; P Conclusions A prior endovascular intervention does not seem to accrue any additional short-term risk when compared with primary revascularization, suggesting an endovascular-first approach may be a safe strategy in patients with CLI. However, a prior open intervention is significantly associated with 30-day MALE in patients undergoing redo open revascularization, which may be related to the rapid decline in patients once they have exhausted their best open revascularization option.
New Finds, Sites and Radiocarbon Dates of Skeletal Remains of the Great Auk Pinguinus impennis from the Netherlands

The Great Auk Pinguinus impennis was a large, flightless alcid, endemic to the North Atlantic Ocean. It became extinct around 1844. Skeletal remains are used to document its (pre-)historic range. While these remains were considered rare from the southern North Sea, over the past five years 91 (sub-)fossil specimens have been recovered by citizen scientist fossil collectors from Dutch beaches that were nourished with sediments dredged from the bottom of the North Sea. Some of this material is now stored in museum collections. This paper lists the new remains and documents them through measurements and photographs. The material was recovered from fourteen new localities and one previously known locality in The Netherlands and has yielded four radiocarbon dates (1425–1300 BC till beyond 48,000 cal BP) which significantly increase the Great Auk's temporal range in this area. The sheer volume of remains alters our image of the Great Auk in the southern part of the North Sea from a rare bird to most likely a common or regular wintering bird over the past millennia.
Unique Cholangiocyte-Targeted IgM Autoantibodies Correlate With Poor Outcome in Biliary Atresia.

Background & aims The etiology of biliary atresia (BA) is not known and is likely multifactorial, including a genetic predisposition, a viral or environmental trigger, an aberrant autoimmune response targeting cholangiocytes and unique susceptibilities of the neonatal bile ducts to injury. Damaged cholangiocytes may express neo self-antigens and elicit autoreactive T cell-mediated inflammation and B cell production of autoantibodies. The aim of this study was to discover novel autoantibodies in BA that correlated with outcomes. Approach & results An autoantigen microarray encompassing ~9,500 autoantigens was utilized to screen for serum IgM and IgG autoantibodies in BA patients or other liver disease controls. Validation of candidate autoantibodies by ELISA on a second cohort of subjects (6-12 months post-Kasai portoenterostomy), and correlations of autoantibodies with outcomes were performed (serum bilirubin levels and need for liver transplant in first 2 years of life). Mean anti-chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), anti-delta-like ligand (DLL-4) and anti-surfactant protein D (SFTPD) IgM autoantibodies in BA were significantly higher compared to controls and IgM autoantibody levels positively correlated with worse outcomes. Immunofluorescence revealed cholangiocyte-predominant expression of CHI3L1, DLL-4 and SFTPD. The humoral autoantibody response was associated with C3d complement activation and T cell autoimmunity, based on detection of cholangiocyte-predominant C3d co-staining and peripheral blood autoreactive T cells specific to CHI3L1, DLL-4 and SFTPD, respectively. Conclusions Biliary atresia is associated with cholangiocyte-predominant IgM autoantibodies in the first year after Kasai portoenterostomy. Anti-CHI3L1, anti-DLL-4 and anti-SFTPD IgM autoantibody correlations with worse outcomes and the detection of C3d on cholangioctyes and antigen-specific autoreactive T cells suggests that autoimmunity plays a role in the ongoing bile duct injury and progression of disease.
Resonance Behavior and Partial Averaging in a Three-Body System with Gravitational Radiation Damping

In a previous investigation, a model of three-body motion was developed which included the effects of gravitational radiation reaction. The aim was to describe the motion of a relativistic binary pulsar that is perturbed by a third mass and look for resonances between the binary and third mass orbits. Numerical integration of an equation of relative motion that approximates the binary gives evidence of such resonances. These $(m:n)$ resonances are defined for the present purposes by the resonance condition, $m\omega=2n\Omega$, where $m$ and $n$ are relatively prime integers and $\omega$ and $\Omega$ are the angular frequencies of the binary orbit and third mass orbit, respectively. The resonance condition consequently fixes a value for the semimajor axis $a$ of the binary orbit for the duration of the resonance because of the Kepler relationship $\omega=a^{-3/2}$. This paper outlines a method of averaging developed by Chicone, Mashhoon, and Retzloff which renders a nonlinear system that undergoes resonance capture into a mathematically amenable form. This method is applied to the present system and one arrives at an analytical solution that describes the average motion during resonance. Furthermore, prominent features of the full nonlinear system, such as the frequency of oscillation and antidamping, accord with their analytically derived formulae.
On the Development of Batch Stable Inverse Indirect Adaptive Control of Systems with Unstable Discrete-Time Inverse

Indirect discrete time adaptive control creates a control law that promises to converge to zero tracking error for any commanded output. A major limitation is that the theory only guarantees convergence if the system inverse is asymptotically stable. Because it is necessarily discrete time, the continuous time governing equation must be converted to the equivalent difference equation, and this conversion normally introduces zeros. For a majority of desired applications, there are zeros introduced outside the unit circle producing instability of the inverse. The basic indirect adaptive control relies on the one-step ahead control law followed by the projection algorithm (or similar algorithm) to update the model based on the data currently available. This paper presents generalized versions of these building blocks that address the unstable inverse issue. The one-step ahead control is replaced by a batch stable inverse control law updating p steps with each batch. A new batch inverse theory for discrete time systems is used. The value of p is chosen to produce stability of the inverse control action produced in the sequence of batch updates. The needed computations to form the projection algorithm in this new formulation are presented. This paper presents an approach to obtaining a stable discrete time adaptive control theory for discrete time systems with unstable inverse; it remains to develop proofs of converges.
Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa Identified on Common Weedy Grasses in Naturally Infected Wheat Fields in Minnesota.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat, caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa, has been a notable disease in Minnesota wheat fields over the past decade. Potential sources of the pathogen in...
Self-Assembly of pH-Labile Polymer Nanoparticles for Paclitaxel Prodrug Delivery: Formulation, Characterization, and Evaluation

The efficacy of paclitaxel (PTX) is limited due to its poor solubility, poor bioavailability, and acquired drug resistance mechanisms. Designing paclitaxel prodrugs can improve its anticancer activity and enable formulation of nanoparticles. Overall, the aim of this work is to improve the potency of paclitaxel with prodrug synthesis, nanoparticle formation, and synergistic formulation with lapatinib. Specifically, we improve potency of paclitaxel by conjugating it to α-tocopherol (vitamin E) to produce a hydrophobic prodrug (Pro); this increase in potency is indicated by the 8-fold decrease in half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) concentration in ovarian cancer cell line, OVCA-432, used as a model system. The efficacy of the paclitaxel prodrug was further enhanced by encapsulation into pH-labile nanoparticles using Flash NanoPrecipitation (FNP), a rapid, polymer directed self-assembly method. There was an 1100-fold decrease in IC50 concentration upon formulating the prodrug into nanoparticles. Notably, the prodrug formulations were 5-fold more potent than paclitaxel nanoparticles. Finally, the cytotoxic effects were further enhanced by co-encapsulating the prodrug with lapatinib (LAP). Formulating the drug combination resulted in synergistic interactions as indicated by the combination index (CI) of 0.51. Overall, these results demonstrate this prodrug combined with nanoparticle formulation and combination therapy is a promising approach for enhancing paclitaxel potency.
Exploring the Relationships Between Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies of English Language Learners in a College Setting

This study investigated the relationships between self-efficacy and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategies of English language learners (ELLs) in a college setting from a social cognitive perspective in order to understand how to better support international. Participants in this study were 117 ELL college students who enrolled in an English language course at a Midwestern university. The results of simple linear regression analysis showed that ELL college students’ self-efficacy significantly predicted their use of SRL strategies. In addition, the results of a one-way ANOVA indicated a statistically significant difference in the use of SRL strategies between ELL college students who had high self-efficacy and those who had low self-efficacy. Based on study results, implications and future research directions are discussed.
A dynamic risk factor assessment for myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest in patients undergoing pancreatectomy

Abstract Background To identify pancreatectomy specific risk factors for myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest (MICA) and to assess whether addition of new information obtained during the hospitalization changes these risk factors. Methods Analysis was performed on elective pancreatectomy data from the ACS-NSQIP database (2014–2019). Risk factors were grouped into pre-operative, intra-operative, and postoperative phases. Factors were selected using a bootstrap resampling procedure to determine MICA association. Independent significance was assessed by logistic regression. Results In the first 30 days post-op, 650 of 39779 patients (1.88%) developed MICA. Some of the surgery specific, intra- and post-operative factors that were identified are: delayed gastric emptying (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 2.12–3.21), total pancreatectomy (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.29–3.42), pancreatic fistula (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.25–1.90), post-operative transfusion (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.03–1.58), and open approach (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.05–1.77). Adding new variables improved statistical model performance and the c-statistic improved from 0.69 to 0.76 in the final analysis. Conclusion Surgery specific, intra-, and post-operative factors were associated with MICA. Addition of new information during the hospital course changed risk factors and the statistical prediction of MICA risk improved.
Economic Derivation of Reservoir Operation Rules

Rules indicating the amount of water which should be kept in a reservoir on a month by month basis throughout the year are needed to achieve maximum benefits in reservoir operation or in system planning. Economic tradeoffs may be used to resolve the conflicting storage requirements of flood control, recreation, and water supply in accordance with time changes in demand. Total potential purpose benefits and economic loss functions are determined to derive operating rules for the case study of Rough River Reservoir, Kentucky. Legal and other practical problems in implementing such a set of rules are described.
Immigration Outside the Law (Article 2008)

In current debates about undocumented or illegal immigration, three themes have emerged as central: the meaning of unlawful presence, the role of states and cities, and the integration of immigrants. This Essay's starting premise is that a reappraisal of these themes is essential to a conceptual roadmap of this difficult area of law and policy.This Essay argues that it is too narrow and too shallow to examine any of the three themes in isolation, as is typically done. Rather, each theme pairs up with another to reveal and elucidate a more fundamental question. The meaning of unlawful presence is connected to the role of states and cities; together they illuminate enforcement authority in immigration law. The role of states and cities combines with the integration of immigrants to show how communities that include immigrants are built. The meaning of unlawful presence and the integration of immigrants jointly shed light on how we think about the dimension of time in immigration law, and especially how we balance lessons from the past, present, and future.The conceptual roadmap generated by this new look at immigration outside the law is important for two reasons. First, it explains why disagreements often run deep, and it reorients debate around more productive questions. Second, it shows why finding common ground will require looking at broader questions of international and domestic economic development as well as domestic educational policy.
A Survey of US Travelers to Asia to Assess Compliance With Recommendations for the Use of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine

Background Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine is recommended for travelers to Asia whose itineraries increase their risk of exposure to JE virus. The numbers of travelers with such itineraries and the proportion of those who receive JE vaccine are unknown. We performed a survey to estimate the proportion of US travelers to Asia who receive JE vaccine according to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations. Methods We surveyed US residents ≥18 years old departing on 38 flights to Asia selected through a stratified random sample of all direct flights to JE-endemic countries from three US airports. We asked participants about planned itineraries and activities, sources of travel health information, JE vaccination status, and potential barriers to vaccination. Participants planning to spend ≥30 days in Asia or at least half of their time in rural areas were defined as “higher JE risk” travelers for whom vaccination should have been considered. Results Of 2,341 eligible travelers contacted, 1,691(72%) completed the survey. Among these 1,691 participants, 415 (25%) described itineraries for which JE vaccination should have been considered. Of these 415 higher JE risk travelers, only 47 (11%) reported receiving ≥1 dose of JE vaccine. Of the 164 unvaccinated higher JE risk travelers who visited a health care provider before their trip, 113 (69%) indicated that they had never heard of JE vaccine or their health care provider had not offered or recommended JE vaccine. Conclusions A quarter of surveyed US travelers to Asia reported planned itineraries for which JE vaccination should have been considered. However, few of these at-risk travelers received JE vaccine.
Minimizing salt in drain water by irrigation management: Design and initial results of Arizona field studies

Abstract Two field experiments were established in the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District of southwestern Arizona to test the feasibility of decreasing the salt load in drainage water by reduced leaching. Results are given for the initial 2 years of the test for Valencia orange trees ( Citrus sinensis L.) and the first year for alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L., cv. Hayden). The water application data, substantiated by salinity sensor readings and measures of soil chloride, indicate that the annual evapotranspiration of Valencia orange is approximately 1375 mm on a total area basis. After 2 years, fruit yield and quality and tree growth are not significantly different from flood-irrigated trees that receive 40% more water. If these results persist, the salt load from citrus in the district could be reduced 40 000 Mg annually by reduced leaching. More importantly, because of the salinity of the groundwater pumped for water table control, the salt load exported from the district could be reduced initially by 130 000 Mg annually. Results indicate that the alfalfa experiment was underirrigated the first year and evapotranspiration is about 1950 mm annually. Comparisons indicate that the level basin flood irrigated check yielded 20% more than the experiment and had about 10% leaching, an efficiency that can probably not be improved.
Nest Association and Reproductive Microhabitat of the Threatened Blackside Dace, Chrosomus cumberlandensis

Abstract Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Blackside Dace) is a federally protected cyprinid fish found in small tributaries of the upper Cumberland River system in southeastern Kentucky and northeastern Tennessee. Relatively little is known about the species’ reproductive ecology and early life history. From a small number of field observations, the species is known to spawn as an associate with other cyprinid nest-building hosts, namely Campostoma anomalum (Central Stoneroller) and Semotilus atromaculatus (Creek Chub). In the present study, we first analyzed Blackside Dace co-occurrence patterns with other cyprinids to predict the relative importance of each species to Blackside Dace nestassociation behavior. We next studied Blackside Dace spawning activities in seven 200-m reaches in five Kentucky streams during May-July 2006 to document nest associations and measure microhabitat conditions at spawning and non-spawning locations. Three of the seven study reaches were impacted by active logging operations. We ...
The factor structure of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals with binge eating disorder.

Abstract Objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is strongly linked with cardiovascular disease and type-II diabetes, but there has been debate over which metabolic measures constitute MetS. Obese individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) are one of the high risk populations for developing MetS due to their excess weight and maladaptive eating patterns, yet, the clustering patterns of metabolic measures have not been examined in this patient group. Methods 347 adults (71.8% women) were recruited for treatment studies for obese individuals with BED. We used the VARCLUS procedure in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to investigate the clustering pattern of metabolic risk measures. Results The analysis yielded four factors: obesity (body-mass-index [BMI] and waist circumference), lipids (HDL and triglycerides), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), and glucose regulation (fasting serum glucose and Hb1Ac). The four factors accounted for 84% of the total variances, and variances explained by each factor were not substantially different. There was no inter-correlation between the four factors. Subgroup analyses by sex and by race (Caucasian vs. African American) yielded the same four-factor structure. Conclusion The factor structure of MetS in obese individuals with BED is not different from those found in normative population studies. This factor structure may be applicable to the diverse population.
Viscous flow during salt welding

Abstract Salt can be partially removed by viscous flow from between wall rocks to form a salt weld. Welds in autochthonous and allochthonous salt can form significant structures in evaporite basins, where petroleum and mineral discovery can hinge on whether salt welds act as seals or windows for migrating hydrocarbons or brines containing dissolved metals. Despite the importance of welds, little is known about salt evacuation during welding. We investigate viscous flow during welding using analytical and numerical models, based on exact solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations for idealized geometries and boundary conditions. We explore two questions: how does salt thin during evacuation, and what are the limits of viscous flow during salt welding? Hydraulic-gradient and displacement boundary conditions are shown to drive salt evacuation, which is rate-limited by drag along the boundaries of a salt layer. Where salt flow is restricted, for example beneath a broad, prograding sediment wedge, up to ~ 50 m salt can remain in an incomplete weld. Where salt flow is unrestricted, for example beneath a subsiding minibasin, viscous flow can remove all but a vanishingly thin (
The Effects of Census Undercount Adjustment on Congressional Apportionment

Abstract This article shows that undercount adjustment will probably reallocate one to three House seats across the states. The adjustment's impact may depend on the method used and the assumptions underlying undercount estimates. Using regression analysis to reduce sampling error in undercount estimates from dual-systems analysis, however, eliminates sensitivity to all but the most extreme changes in assumptions. Generally, adjustment will more likely affect large states than small ones, and large states with proportionately many urban Black and Hispanic residents will likely gain seats at the expense of large states with few such residents.
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus with Ginseng

The effect of the various ginseng products (Asian, American and Panax ginseng) on blood glucose, data evaluating the effects and use in patients with diabetes mellitus are examined.
Extending SQL-92 for OODB access: design and implementation experience

This paper describes the design and implementation of a query engine that provides extended SQL-based access to the data managed by an object-oriented database system. This query engine allows extended SQL queries to be embedded in C++ programs or issued interactively as from a command line interface. The language supported by the engine is the complete SQL-92 select statement plus object extensions for navigating along paths and embedded structures, querying nested sets, and invoking member functions. In addition, an object-oriented SQL view facility is provided. Using this view facility, one can define object-oriented views; one can also define views that flatten complex OODB schemas, allowing direct access by existing tools designed to provide remote access to relational databases. The view facility also supports the definition of views that include reference and set-valued columns based on other views, thus allowing entire "view schemas" to be created. This paper describes the SQL-92 query and view extensions and discusses a number of issues that arose on the way to the implementation that is currently running on top of the ObjectStore OODB system.
Overexpression of the Polycystin-1 C-Tail Enhances Sensitivity of M-1 Cells to Ouabain

Cells derived from renal cysts of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are abnormally sensitive to ouabain, responding to physiological ouabain concentrations with enhanced proliferation and increased forskolin-induced transepithelial fluid secretion. This requires activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Src kinase and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases MEK and ERK. Here, we have determined if the ADPKD phenotype obtained in mouse cortical collecting duct cells by stable overexpression of the C-terminal domain of polycystin-1 (PC-1 C-tail) also elicits the ADPKD-like response to ouabain in the cells. M-1 C20 cells expressing the PC-1 C-tail and M-1 C17 cells lacking expression of this construct were treated with physiological concentrations of ouabain, and cell proliferation, activation of the EGFR-Src-MEK-ERK pathway, forskolin-induced transepithelial Cl− secretion and the sensitivity of Na,K-ATPase to ouabain were explored. M-1 C20 cells responded to ouabain with increased cell proliferation and ERK phosphorylation. Ouabain also augmented forskolin-induced and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated apical secretion of Cl− in M-1 C20 cells. These effects required activation of EGFR, Src and MEK. In contrast, ouabain had no significant effects on M-1 C17 cells. Interestingly, approximately 20 % of the Na,K-ATPase from M-1 C20 cells presented an abnormally increased sensitivity to ouabain. Overexpression of PC-1 C-tail in M-1 C20 cells is associated with an ouabain-sensitive phenotype and an increased ability of the cells to proliferate and secrete anions upon ouabain stimulation. This phenotype mimics the ouabain sensitivity of ADPKD cells and may help promote their cystogenic potential.
New treatments in cluster headache

Cluster headache is the most severe headache syndrome known to humans. In most instances, this disorder is readily treatable when the correct medications are utilized at the correct dosages. Cluster treatment involves abortive, transitional, and preventive therapy strategies, all of which are discussed in this article.
Variational Calculation of the Scattering of Electrons of Nearly Zero Energy by Hydrogen Atoms

The cross section for the scattering of electrons by hydrogen atoms at zero energy has been calculated by using a variational principle of the Hulth\'en-Kohn type. For singlet scattering we have used a threeparameter trial function which reduces to an ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ wave function at small electron separations and which has the correct asymptotic form. To calculate triplet scattering we use an antisymmetrized version of the same trial function. The effective range for singlet scattering is determined from the scattering length already calculated and the known value of the electron attachment energy for ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. For triplet scattering we use an energy-dependent trial function to determine the effective range. Using the calculated values of the above parameters, we find the cross section as a function of energy for the range 0-0.02 volt.
THE IMPACT OF NEW PRODUCT ANNOUNCEMENTS ON FIRM VALUE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PRODUCING INDUSTRIES: AN EXAMINATION OF INDUSTRY-LEVEL EVOLUTIONARY ERAS

ABSTRACT We explored the market reaction to new IT product announcements by the hard drive manufacturing industry in relation to that industry's evolutionary cycle of innovation. In the short-term, there was no effect. In the long-term however, announcements made during an era of incremental technical change had more favorable reactions than announcements made during an era of ferment EXCEPT where those announcements represented an attempt to develop the emerging technology rather than further developing the existing dominant design.
Symbolic nomenclature for sinusoids

Frequently new ideas in a field are expressed inadequately in the nomenclature of prior art, whose terms may not be applicable to the new conception in certain respects; when this deficiency is realized a suitable nomenclature must be devised. In this article the author points out an example of this tendency in the present use of the term “vector” to describe the directed lines used in the treatment of sinusoidal functions and suggests that the term “sinor” be more appropriately used.
A 5.12–12.95GHz triple-resonance low phase noise CMOS VCO for software-defined radio applications

This paper presents a wide-tuning range Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for software-defined radio (SDR) applications using a resonator with three potential oscillation modes. The implemented prototype in 0.18μm CMOS technology achieves a continuous tuning range of 86.7% from 5.12GHz to 12.95GHz while drawing 5 to 10mA current from 1-V supply. The measured phase noise at 1MHz offset from carrier frequencies of 5.9, 9.12 and 12.25GHz is -122.9, -117.1 and -110.5dBc/Hz, respectively. The VCO occupies a chip area of 0.33mm2.
Grover's disease treated with isotretinoin: Report of four cases

Grover's disease (transient acantholytic dermatosis; TAD), a disorder of unknown etiology, may resemble Darier's disease and frequently resists conventional therapies. The lesions can be extensive and pruritus can be a prominent feature. Four patients with Grover's disease were treated with isotretinoin. Three patients with relatively acute disease responded with remissions of up to 10 months after treatment. One patient with disease of 8 months' duration obtained partial relief but experienced a relapse when medication was stopped.
The T. Mort. Chaplaincy at Ground Zero: Presence and Privilege on Holy Ground

Drawing on interviews with the chaplains and archival material from Disaster Chaplaincy Services—NY, this article discusses the formation of the chaplaincy at the Temporary Mortuary at Ground Zero after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. It describes the initial chaplaincy response in New York by local clergy and the SAIR team of the American Red Cross. The first 6 weeks of chaplaincy at Ground Zero are explored highlighting the significant contributions of the Archdiocese of New York and Episcopal Diocese of New York out of St. Paul’s Chapel. The mission and impact of the Temporary Mortuary chaplains’ ministry of presence and blessing is discussed with some final reflections for the future of Disaster Chaplaincy.
Laparoscopic Fundoplication Failures: Patterns of Failure and Response to Fundoplication Revision

Objective To determine rates and mechanisms of failure in 857 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease or paraesophageal hernia (1991-1998), and compare this population with 100 consecutive patients undergoing fundoplication revision (laparoscopic and open) at the authors' institution during the same period. Background Data Gastroesophageal fundoplication performed through a laparotomy or thoracotomy has a failure rate of 9% to 30% and requires revision in most of the patients who have recurrent or new foregut symptoms. The frequency and patterns of failure of laparoscopic fundoplication have not been well studied. Methods All patients undergoing fundoplication revision were included in this study. Symptom severity was scored before and after surgery by patients on a 4-point scale. Evaluation of patients included esophagogastroscopy, barium swallow, esophageal motility, 24-hour ambulatory pH, and gastric emptying studies. Statistical analysis was performed with multiple chi-square analyses, Fisher exact test, and analysis of variance. Results Laparoscopic fundoplication was performed in 758 patients for gastroesophageal reflux disease and in 99 for paraesophageal hernia. Median follow-up was 2.5 years. Thirty-one patients (3.5%) have undergone revision for fundoplication failure. The mechanism of failure was transdiaphragmatic herniation of the fundoplication in 26 patients (84%). In 40 patients referred from other institutions, after laparoscopic fundoplication, only 10 (25%) had transdiaphragmatic migration (p < 0.01); a slipped or misplaced fundoplication occurred in 13 patients (32%), and a twisted fundoplication in 12 patients (30%). The failure mechanisms of open fundoplication (29 patients) followed patterns previously described. Fundoplication revision procedures were initiated laparoscopically in 65 patients, with six conversions (8%). The morbidity rate was 4% in laparoscopic procedures and 9% in open ones. There was one death, from aspiration and adult respiratory distress syndrome after open fundoplication. A year or more after revision operation, heartburn, chest pain, and dysphagia were rare or absent in 88%, 78%, and 91%, respectively, after laparoscopic revision, and were rare or absent in 91%, 83%, and 70%, respectively, after open revision, but 11 patients ultimately required additional operations for continued or recurrent symptoms, 3 after open revision (17%), and 8 after laparoscopic fundoplication (11%). Conclusions Laparoscopic fundoplication failure is infrequent in experienced hands; the rate may be further reduced by extensive esophageal mobilization, secure diaphragmatic closure, esophageal lengthening (applied selectively), and avoidance of events leading to increased intraabdominal pressure. When revision is required, laparoscopic access may be used successfully by the laparoscopically experienced esophageal surgeon.
Defining the mammalian CArGome

Serum response factor (SRF) binds a 1216-fold degenerate cis element known as the CArG box. CArG boxes are found primarily in muscle- and growth-factor-associated genes although the full spectrum of functional CArG elements in the genome (the CArGome) has yet to be defined. Here we describe a genome-wide screen to further define the functional mammalian CArGome. A computational approach involving comparative genomic analyses of human and mouse orthologous genes uncovered >100 hypothetical SRF-dependent genes, including 10 previously identified SRF targets, harboring a conserved CArG element within 4000 bp of the annotated transcription start site (TSS). We PCR-cloned 89 hypothetical SRF targets and subjected each of them to at least two of several validations including luciferase reporter, gel shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and mRNA expression following RNAi knockdown of SRF; 60/89 (67%) of the targets were validated. Interestingly, 26 of the validated SRF target genes encode for cytoskeletal/contractile or adhesion proteins. RNAi knockdown of SRF diminishes expression of several SRF-dependent cytoskeletal genes and elicits an attending perturbation in the cytoarchitecture of both human and rodent cells. These data illustrate the power of integrating existing algorithms to interrogate the genome in a relatively unbiased fashion for cis-regulatory element discovery. In this manner, we have further expanded the mammalian CArGome with the discovery of an array of cyto-contractile genes that coordinate normal cytoskeletal homeostasis. We suggest one function of SRF is that of an ancient master regulator of the actin cytoskeleton.
A simple heuristic for reducing the number of scenarios in two-stage stochastic programming

In this work we address the problem of solving multiscenario optimization models that are deterministic equivalents of two-stage stochastic programs. We present a heuristic approximation strategy where we reduce the number of scenarios and obtain an approximation of the original multiscenario optimization problem. In this strategy, a subset of the given set of scenarios is selected based on a proposed criterion, and probabilities are assigned to the occurrence of scenarios in the reduced set. The original stochastic programming model is converted into a deterministic equivalent using the reduced set of scenarios. A mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is proposed for the reduced scenario selection. We apply this practical heuristic strategy to four numerical examples and show that reformulating and solving the stochastic program with the reduced set of scenarios yields an objective value close to the optimum of the original multiscenario problem.
The osteology and paleoecology of the giant otter Enhydritherium terraenovae

ABSTRACT The giant otter Enhydritherium terraenovae, a New World taxon thought to be related to both the Old World otter Enhydriodon and the extant sea otter Enhydra, was originally described on the basis of relatively limited material, mostly dental. However, an incomplete skeleton of E. terraenovae recovered from the early Hemphillian Moss Acres Racetrack site in northern Florida includes a skull, mandible, part of the axial skeleton, and most of both the fore- and hindlimbs, adding greatly to knowledge of this animal. On the basis of this new material, the osteology of this species is described in detail for the first time, with its diagnosis revised accordingly. This new osteological information, along with information about the nature of the Moss Acres Racetrack site, allows such paleoecological and functional aspects of E. terraenovae as habitat preference, mode of swimming, and diet to be inferred or interpreted in a detail previously impossible. E. terraenovae: 1) was a habitat generalist rather t...
Stochastic processes originating in deterministic microscopic dynamics

We investigate the probability distribution of the scaled trajectory of a test particle moving in an equilibrium fluid according to the laws of classical mechanics, i.e., ifQ(t) is the displacement of the test particle we letQA(t) =Q(At)/√A and consider the distribution of the trajectory QA(t) in the limit A→∞. The randomness of the motion is due entirely to the randomness of the initial state of the fluid, test particle, or both, and the process is generally non-Markovian. Nevertheless, it can be proven in some cases and we expect it to be true in many more that QA (t) looks like Brownian motion in the limit A→∞. Some results for simple model systems are presented.
Orbital Angular Momentum of Light in the Radio Range of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

We study generation and detection of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light in the radio range of the electromagnetic spectrum with potential application to understand OAM light that emitted by radio-active astrophysical objects.
TU‐C‐330A‐02: Patterns of Brain Tumor Recurrence Predicted From DTI Tractography

Purpose: Approximately 170,000 new cases of brain metastases and 17,000 cases of primary braincancer are diagnosed in the United States each year. Stereotactic Radiotherapy (SRT) is fast becoming the method of choice for treatment of non‐superficial brain lesions. SRT treatment plans of malignant and metastatic braintumors typically incorporate a 2 cm margin to account for microscopic tumor spread, however, distant and/or recurrent tumors sometimes occur. Our hypothesis is that paths of elevated water diffusion may provide a preferred route for transport or migration of cancercells through an unknown mechanism. If our hypothesis is correct then future SRT treatment would be modified to provide elongated treatment margins along the paths of elevated water diffusion leading from the primary tumor site; thereby reducing the incidence of recurrence and improving clinical outcomes. Method and Materials: MR diffusiontensorimaging datasets were acquired in patient subjects treated with SRT of malignant and/or metastatic braintumors. DTI was performed using an EPI sequence on a 1.5T clinical GE scanner with 20 serial axial images of voxel dimensions 0.976×0.976×6 mm; TR 10s; TE 89.4 ms; 25 diffusion gradient directions plus 3 reference (b=0) scans. Following SRT, patients were given repeated MRI follow‐ups at regular intervals to identify early tumor recurrence. When recurrent tumors were detected, DTIstudio and FSL software was used to compute paths of preferred water diffusion through the primary tumor site and the site of recurrence. Results: There exists an apparent correlation between patterns of recurrence in the brain and paths of elevated diffusion leading from the primary braintumor.Conclusions: Our preliminary results on a small number of patient datasets suggest that this hypothesis is correct and further investigation is warranted. Future work will employ a more sophisticated fiber analysis on additional patient images and verification with animal models.
A single-arm pilot phase II study of gefitinib and irinotecan in children with newly diagnosed high-risk neuroblastoma

Background Gefitinib potently inhibits neuroblastoma proliferation in vitro, and the gefitinib/irinotecan combination shows greater than additive activity against neuroblastoma xenografts. This Phase II pilot study estimated the rate of response to two courses of intravenous irinotecan plus oral gefitinib in children with untreated high-risk neuroblastoma. Methods Two courses of irinotecan [15 mg/m2/day (daily ×5)×2] were combined with 12 daily doses of gefitinib (112.5 mg/m2/day). Response was assessed after 6 weeks. A response rate >55% was sought. Results Of the 23 children enrolled, 19 were evaluable for response. Median age at diagnosis was 3.1 years (range, 18 days–12.7 years). Most patients were older than 24 months (n = 20; 87%), male (n = 18; 78%), white (n = 16; 70%), had INSS 4 disease (n = 19; 83%), and had adrenal primary tumors (n = 18; 78%); nine patients (39%) had amplified tumor MYCN. The toxicity of gefitinib/irinotecan was mild and reversible (nausea, 5/20; diarrhea, 8/20; vomiting, 7/20). Five patients had partial responses; 9 others had a 23%–60% decrease in primary tumor volume and/or improved MIBG scans or decreased bone or bone marrow tumor burden. Median (range) systemic irinotecan exposure (AUC) was 283 ng/ml*hr (range, 163–890 ng/ml*hr) and 28 ng/ml*hr (3.6–297 ng/ml*hr) for the active metabolite, SN-38. No relation was observed between response and tumor expression of EGFR, MRP2-4, ABCG2, and Pgp. Conclusions Although the gefitinib/irinotecan combination was very tolerable and induced responses, it was not sufficiently active to warrant further investigation. Initial investigational studies of this type can preclude the necessity for larger, longer, and costlier trials.
Osmotic and activity coefficients of the sodium salts of formic, acetic and propionic acids

Osmotic and activity coefficients are reported for the sodium salts of formic, acetic and propionic acids to the limits of their solubilities. Hydration of the “second kind” appears to increase with the length of the hydrocarbon chains. The onset of micelle formation is indicated in the more concentrated sodium propionate solutions.