cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature and hydrostatic pressure effects on the exciton spectra of some lead and cadmium halides

The temperature and pressure shifts of the exciton peaks and positions on the optical absorption edges in thin films of ${\mathrm{PbBr}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{PdCl}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{PbF}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CdBr}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{CdI}}_{2}$ in the region from 3.5 to 6.0 eV were measured in the temperature range -150-0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and with hydrostatic pressures to 3500 atm. The electron-phonon contributions of the observed temperature shifts were calculated and found to be larger than the shift due to changing lattice parameters in all cases except ${\mathrm{CdI}}_{2}$. Similarities in the results for ${\mathrm{PbBr}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{PbCl}}_{2}$ suggest an $s$-like valence band, as is the case for ${\mathrm{PbI}}_{2}$. The cadmium-halide results suggest these two compounds have spectra arising from transitions of a closely related nature. The results indicate that the cationic exciton model is appropriate for these halides.
Personality style codetype concordance between the MCMI and MBHI

Personality scale profiles of Millon's Clinical Multiaxial Inventory and Behavioral Health Inventory were analyzed for codetype concordance using a sample of psychiatric patients with medical symptoms (N = 91). Results indicated that at least half of the sample would be diagnosed with a personality disorder by each instrument. Approximately 95% of the sample produced at least one elevated scale. The tests were not significantly different with respect to their classification rates of pathology or number of scales elevated and demonstrated significant and positive correlations between complementary scales. Nonetheless, codetype correspondence was found to be 29.67% for single scales and 20.88% for two-point codetypes. Correlational data, factor analysis, and paired mean score comparisons were used to analyze these findings.
Interaction of Brassicaceous Seed Meal and Apple Rootstock on Recovery of Pythium spp. and Pratylenchus penetrans from Roots Grown in Replant Soils

ABSTRACT Pythium spp. and Pratylenchus penetrans are significant components of the diverse pathogen complex that incites apple replant disease in Washington State. The structure of the Pythium population differs among orchard soils but is composed of multiple pathogenic species. Studies were conducted to determine the effect of brassicaceous seed meals and apple rootstock on the activity and composition of these pathogen populations. Brassicaceous seed meals differed in capacity to suppress Pythium numbers and apple root infection, as well as differentially transformed composition of the population recovered from apple roots. Brassica juncea seed meal (SM) was the sole seed meal examined to suppress Pythium numbers and root infection; however, a persisting population was always detected in which Pythium irregulare existed as the dominant or co-dominant species. In general, the Geneva series rootstocks were less susceptible to root infection by native populations of Pythium, whereas M26, MM106, and MM111 w...
Photophysical characterization of insulin denaturation and aggregation at hydrophobic interfaces

AbstractThe peak III/I ratio of pyrene monomer fluorescence was used to characterize surface-induced insulin denaturation and aggregation. An indicator of the hydrophobicity of pyrene's microenvironment, the IIM ratio can be used to study self-association of amphipathic molecules. In sodium lauryl sulfate (NaLS), the III/I ratio was 0.71 below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and increased to 0.98 when the concentration was above the CMC. When insulin was placed in a polystyrene cuvet for 2 days at 37°C, the IWI ratio decreased from 0.84 to 0.78. The decrease in III/I ratio corresponds to surface-induced denaturation of insulin which exposed pyrene to a more polar environment. Increasing the duration of incubation for up to 12 days increased the III/I ratio to 1.06. Increased hydrophobicity of pyrene's environment correlates with the self-association of insulin. Once the aggregates reached a critical size, they began precipitating as was evident by an increase in the turbidity (absorbance at 600 n...
Dissemination of the Coping Power Program: Importance of Intensity of Counselor Training.

This study examined an important but rarely investigated aspect of the dissemination process: the intensity of training provided to practitioners. Counselors in 57 schools were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: Coping Power-training plus feedback (CP-TF), Coping Power-basic training (CP-BT), or a comparison condition. CP-TF counselors produced reductions in children's externalizing behavior problems and improvements in children's social and academic skills in comparison to results for target children in both the comparison and the CP-BT conditions. Training intensity was critical for successful dissemination, although the implementation mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear, as condition effects were not significant for completion of session objectives but were significant for the quality of counselors' engagement with children.
The distribution of uranium and thorium in granitic rocks of the basin and range province, Western United States

Abstract Some secondary uranium deposits are thought to have formed from uranium derived by the weathering of silicic igneous rocks such as granites, rhyolites, and tuffs. A regional geochemical survey was made to determine the distribution of uranium and thorium in granitic rocks of the Basin and Range province in order to evaluate the potential for secondary uranium occurrences in the area. The resulting geochemical maps of uranium, thorium, and the Th:U ratio may be useful in locating target areas for uranium exploration. The granites were sampled according to a five-level, nested, analysis-of-variance design, permitting estimates to be made of the variance due to differences between:(1) two-degree cells; (2) one-degree cells; (3) plutons; (4) samples; and (5) analyses. The cells are areas described in units of degrees of latitude and longitude. The results show that individual plutons tend to differ in uranium and thorium concentrations, but that each pluton tends to be relatively homogeneous. Only small amounts of variance occur at the two degree and the between-analyses levels. The three geochemical maps that were prepared are based on one-degree cell means. The reproducibility of the maps is U > Th ⪢ Th:U. These geochemical maps may be used in three methods of locating target areas for uranium exploration. The first method uses the concept that plutons containing the greatest amounts of uranium may supply the greatest amounts of uranium for the formation of secondary uranium occurrences. The second method is to examine areas with high thorium contents, because thorium and uranium are initially highly correlated but much uranium could be lost by weathering. The third method is to locate areas in which the plutons have particularly high Th:U ratios. Because uranium, but not thorium, is leached by chemical weathering, high Th:U ratios suggest a possible loss of uranium and possibly a greater potential for secondary uranium occurrences to be found in the area.
Spinal cord layer I neurons with axon collaterals that generate local arbors

The morphology an location of physiologically characterized neurons in layer I of the spinal cord dorsal horn were revealed by the intracellular deposition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This material showed that the axons of some layer I neurons issue varicosity-bearing collaterals that generate arbors that overlap the neurons' dendritic territories in layer I.
Accretion onto a primordial protostar

Abstract We present a three-dimensional numerical simulation that resolves the formation process of a Population III star down to a scale of ∼100 AU. The simulation is initialized on the scale of a dark matter halo of mass ∼106M⊙ that virializes at z∼20. It then follows the formation of a fully molecular central core, and traces the accretion from the diffuse dust-free cloud onto the protostellar core for as long as ∼104 yr, at which time the core has grown to ∼50M⊙. We find that the accretion rate starts very high, ∼0.1M⊙ yr−1, and declines rapidly thereafter approaching a power-law temporal scaling. Asymptotically, at times t≳103 yr after core formation, the stellar mass grows approximately as M ∗ ≃20M ⊙ (t/10 3 yr)0.4. Earlier on, accretion is faster with M ∗ ∝t 0.75 . By extrapolating this growth over the full lifetime of very massive stars, t≃3×106 yr, we obtain the conservative upper limit M ∗ ≲500M ⊙ . The actual stellar mass is, however, likely to be significantly smaller than this mass limit due to radiative and mechanical feedback from the protostar.
Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage

(2002). Rubbish! The Archaeology of Garbage. Ethics, Place & Environment: Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 288-290.
On the nature of quantum fluctuations and their relation to gravitation and the principle of inertia

A new point of view towards the problem of the relationship between gravitational and quantum phenomena is proposed which is inspired by the fact that the distinction between quantum fluctuations and real statistical fluctuations in the state of a system seems not to be maintained in a variety of phenomena in which quantum and gravitational effects are both important. One solution to this dilemma is that quantum fluctuations are in fact real statistical fluctuations, due to some unknown, but universal, phenomena. At the same time quantum fluctuations have certain special properties which distinguish them from other types of fluctuation phenomena. The two most important of these are that the action of quantum fluctuations is non-dissipative for the special case of systems undergoing inertial motion in the absence of gravitational fields, and that the dispersion constant for quantum fluctuations for a particle is inversely proportional to the inertial mass of the particle. These properties are summarised in a set of principles which, it is proposed, govern the relationship between quantum phenomena, gravitation and inertia.
A solvent replenishment solution for managing evaporation of biochemical reactions in air-matrix digital microfluidics devices

Digital microfluidics (DMF) is a powerful technique for sample preparation and analysis for a broad range of biological and chemical applications. In many cases, it is desirable to carry out DMF on an open surface, such that the matrix surrounding the droplets is ambient air. However, the utility of the air-matrix DMF format has been severely limited by problems with droplet evaporation, especially when the droplet-based biochemical reactions require high temperatures for long periods of time. We present a simple solution for managing evaporation in air-matrix DMF: just-in-time replenishment of the reaction volume using droplets of solvent. We demonstrate that this solution enables DMF-mediated execution of several different biochemical reactions (RNA fragmentation, first-strand cDNA synthesis, and PCR) over a range of temperatures (4–95 °C) and incubation times (up to 1 h or more) without use of oil, humidifying chambers, or off-chip heating modules. Reaction volumes and temperatures were maintained roughly constant over the course of each experiment, such that the reaction kinetics and products generated by the air-matrix DMF device were comparable to those of conventional benchscale reactions. This simple yet effective solution for evaporation management is an important advance in developing air-matrix DMF for a wide variety of new, high-impact applications, particularly in the biomedical sciences.
First derivatives of correlated wave functions by a matrix‐oriented method: Preliminary application to molecular dipole and quadrupole moments

A direct, matrix-oriented procedure in the context of the self-consistent electron pairs (SCEP) method has been implemented for the evaluation of first derivatives of the energy of a variational configuration interaction wavefunction. This has been applied in calculating dipole and quadrupole moments of the correlated charge distributions of several small molecules. As already established, the analytical differentiation being carried out yields properties slightly different than those calculated by integration with the one-electron density. The matrix-oriented analytical differentiation is computationally competitive with construction of the one-electron density.
Modeling the fast gating mechanism in the ClC-0 chloride channel.

A simplified three-dimensional model ClC-0 chloride channel is constructed to couple the permeation of Cl- ions to the motion of a glutamate side chain that acts as the putative fast gate in the ClC-0 channel. The gate is treated as a single spherical particle attached by a rod to a pivot point. This particle moves in a one-dimensional arc under the influence of a bistable potential, which mimics the isomerization process by which the glutamate side chain moves from an open state (not blocking the channel pore) to a closed state (blocking the channel pore, at a position which also acts as a binding site for Cl- ions moving through the channel). A dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) technique is utilized to perform Brownian dynamics simulations to investigate the dependence of the gate closing rate on both internal and external chloride concentration and the gate charge as well. To accelerate the simulation of gate closing to a time scale that can be accommodated with current methodology and computer power, namely, ...
Ossicular chain reconstruction: Titanium versus plastipore

Objective: To compare the complication rate and hearing results of a new, lightweight, titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis with Plastipore prostheses (Xomed, Jacksonville, FL). Study Design: Retrospective. Methods: Charts were reviewed for type of operation, type of prosthesis used, extrusion rate, prostheses failure rate, and hearing thresholds at multiple frequencies and at multiple follow-up points. The dependant variable for hearing results was the four-frequency average air-bone gap. Results: There were 84 patients undergoing tympanoplasty with the Plastipore prosthesis and 53 with the titanium. There was one extrusion in the titanium group. There was an additional single incidence of prosthesis failure in the titanium group. Overall hearing results were comparable with an air-bone gap average of 19.3 dB in the Plastipore group compared with the titanium group with an air-bone gap of 22.0 dB (P = .08). Sixty percent of patients had a postoperative air-bone gap of 20 dB or less in the Plastipore group. In the titanium group, 45.3% achieved a 20 dB or less postoperative air-bone gap. Plastipore had a lower air-bone gap than the titanium when a canal wall up operation was performed (17.8 vs. 23.9 dB) and tended toward a lower air-bone gap when a total ossicular prosthesis was needed (22 vs. 27 dB) (P < .07). Conclusion: The titanium prosthesis is a new ossicular replacement prosthesis that provides excellent visualization during insertion and provides hearing results that are comparable with Plastipore. The Plastipore prosthesis performed better in canal wall up mastoidectomy situations and tended toward better performance when a total ossicular replacement prosthesis was needed.
Effects of exogenous pyoverdines on Fe availability and their impacts on Mn(II) oxidation by Pseudomonas putida GB-1.

Pseudomonas putida GB-1 is a Mn(II)-oxidizing bacterium that produces pyoverdine-type siderophores (PVDs), which facilitate the uptake of Fe(III) but also influence MnO2 formation. Recently, a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase mutant that does not synthesize PVD was described. Here we identified a gene encoding the PVDGB-1 (PVD produced by strain GB-1) uptake receptor (PputGB1_4082) of strain GB-1 and confirmed its function by in-frame mutagenesis. Growth and other physiological responses of these two mutants and of wild type were compared during cultivation in the presence of three chemically distinct sets of PVDs (siderotypes no1, no2 and no4) derived from various pseudomonads. Under iron-limiting conditions, Fe(III) complexes of various siderotype no1 PVDs (including PVDGB-1) allowed growth of wild type and the synthetase mutant, but not the receptor mutant, confirming that iron uptake with any tested siderotype no1 PVD depended on PputGB1_4082. Fe(III) complexes of a siderotype no2 PVD were not utilized by any strain and strongly induced PVD synthesis. In contrast, Fe(III) complexes of siderotype no4 PVDs promoted the growth of all three strains and did not induce PVD synthesis by the wild type, implying these complexes were utilized for iron uptake independent of PputGB1_4082. These differing properties of the three PVD types provided a way to differentiate between effects on MnO2 formation that resulted from iron limitation and others that required participation of the PVDGB-1 receptor. Specifically, MnO2 production was inhibited by siderotype no1 but not no4 PVDs indicating PVD synthesis or PputGB1_4082 involvement rather than iron-limitation caused the inhibition. In contrast, iron limitation was sufficient to explain the inhibition of Mn(II) oxidation by siderotype no2 PVDs. Collectively, our results provide insight into how competition for iron via siderophores influences growth, iron nutrition and MnO2 formation in more complex environmental systems.
Catheter ablation treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation results in a longer time to treatment failure than anti-arrhythmic drugs and improves quality of life

Commentary on: DJ Wilber, C Pappone, P Neuzil, et al..; ThermoCool AF Trial Investigators. Comparison of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA2010;303:333–40.
Economic dispatch optimization of microgrid in islanded mode

Microgrid combines with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), energy storage, and controllable loads. It is connected to the maingrid through the point of common coupling (PCC). Economic dispatch using reduced gradient method is implemented for the optimization of energy in the microgrid using MATLAB. The optimization is obtained by minimizing the cost function of the system while meeting the load demand. The operation & maintenance cost, and investment costs are considered in the cost functions of the microsources. The minimum total cost of the system is obtained by comparing different scenarios of the microsources in the microgrid.
Horizontal Transfer of phnAc Dioxygenase Genes within One of Two Phenotypically and Genotypically Distinctive Naphthalene-Degrading Guilds from Adjacent Soil Environments

Several distinct naphthalene dioxygenases have been characterized to date, which provides the opportunity to investigate the ecological significance, relative distribution, and transmission modes of the different analogs. In this study, we showed that a group of naphthalene-degrading isolates from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated hillside soil were phenotypically and genotypically distinct from naphthalene-degrading organisms isolated from adjacent, more highly contaminated seep sediments. Mineralization of (14)C-labeled naphthalene by soil slurries suggested that the in situ seep community was more acclimated to PAHs than was the in situ hillside community. phnAc-like genes were present in diverse naphthalene-degrading isolates cultured from the hillside soil, while nahAc-like genes were found only among isolates cultured from the seep sediments. The presence of a highly conserved nahAc allele among gram-negative isolates from the coal tar-contaminated seep area provided evidence for in situ horizontal gene transfer and was reported previously (J. B. Herrick, K. G. Stuart-Keil, W. C. Ghiorse, and E. L. Madsen, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:2330-2337, 1997). Natural horizontal transfer of the phnAc sequence was also suggested by a comparison of the phnAc and 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of the hillside isolates. Analysis of metabolites produced by cell suspensions and patterns of amplicons produced by PCR analysis suggested both genetic and metabolic diversity among the naphthalene-degrading isolates of the contaminated hillside. These results provide new insights into the distribution, diversity, and transfer of phnAc alleles and increase our understanding of the acclimation of microbial communities to pollutants.
Collaborative decision making and intelligent reasoning in judge advisor systems

This paper applies judgment and decision making research to collaborative problem solving. This analysis is done with respect to the Raven and CoRaven decision-making tools for filtering, interpreting, and visualizing large amounts of uncertain data in the domain of intelligence analysis. Raven and CoRaven are multimodal advisory decision aids and their inferential reasoning is based on Bayesian networks. Human decision makers and information sources interact with these decision making systems in many ways during their design, construction, refinement and usage. This paper analyzes the collaborative aspects of the use of Raven and CoRaven using the judge advisor system model.
Simulating multiple inheritance in Java

The CentiJ system automatically generates code that simulates multiple inheritance in Java. The generated code inputs a series of instances and outputs specifications that can be combined using multiple inheritance. The multiple inheritance of implementation is obtained by simple message forwarding. The reflection API of Java is used to reverse engineer the instances, and so the program can generate source code, but does not require source code on its input. Advantages of CentiJ include compile-time type checking, speed of execution, automatic disambiguation (name space collision resolution) and ease of maintenance. Simulation of multiple inheritance was previously available only to Java programmers who performed manual delegation or who made use of dynamic proxies. The technique has been applied at a major aerospace corporation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A layout design heuristic employing the theory of fuzzy sets

This paper discusses various techniques for layout planning and outlines an application of fuzzy set techniques to the block layout design problem. In particular, a fuzzy linguistic heuristic for the location of the departments within a facility is proposed. This heuristic utilizes imprecise descriptors for two distinct design categories: closeness and importance, expressed in the form of fuzzy relations for every pair of departments. A numerical example is given to illustrate the proposed approach and directions for further research are discussed.
High incident fluence and long pulse laser irradiation in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling: an ex-vivo study

We have investigated the utilization of high incident fluence, long pulse laser irradiation in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling (CSC) on ex-vivo human skin. Abdominal skin samples of different types (Fitzpatrick type I-VI) were obtained from patients undergoing the trans-rectus myocutaneous flap procedures. Each skin type was irradiated with a Candela Vbeam/spl trade/ laser (wavelength /spl lambda/=595 nm) at incident dosages of D/sub /spl theta//=6, 10, 15, 20 J/cm/sup 2/, pulse durations of /spl tau//sub laser/=1.5, 10, 40 ms, without and with CSC. Preliminary results indicate that lightly pigmented skins can sustain higher incident fluence levels than those currently used in therapeutic settings. While the incident dosage of the laser pulse remains the same, longer pulse duration can decrease the degree of epidermal thermal injury.
Educating health professionals in the early 21 st century — The basic driving forces and the role of medical simulation

This paper addresses the driving forces that shape contemporary medical and health professions education and suggests major challenges and opportunities that can be addressed through medical simulation.
An update on fluorides and fluorosis.

Decisions concerning use of fluoride in its many forms for caries prevention are more complicated now than in the past because of the need to balance these benefits with the risks of dental fluorosis. This article reviews pertinent literature concerning dental fluorosis (definition, appearance, prevalence), pre- and post-eruptive use of fluoride, esthetic perceptions of dental fluorosis, fluoride levels of beverages and foods, the Iowa Fluoride Study, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control Dental Caries in the United States." Water fluoridation and use of fluoride dentifrice are the most efficient and cost-effective ways to prevent dental caries; other modalities should be targeted toward high-risk individuals.
An evaluation study of leach protocol under different scenarios

This paper proposes a methodology for performance evaluation of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) routing protocols. The methodology is simulation based and it considers the life time of the network (both the number of rounds before the death of the first node and the number of rounds before the death of the last node), the residual energy and the energy of the energy dissipation. The methodology was tested using LEACH protocol
Exploring code cache eviction granularities in dynamic optimization systems

Dynamic optimization systems store optimized or translated code in a software-managed code cache in order to maximize reuse of transformed code. Code caches store superblocks that are not fixed in size, contain links to other superblocks, and carry a high replacement overhead. These additional constraints reduce the effectiveness of conventional hardware-based cache management policies. In this paper, we explore code cache management policies that evict large blocks of code from the code cache, thus avoiding the bookkeeping overhead of managing single cache blocks. Through a combined simulation and analytical study of cache management overheads, we show that employing a medium-grained FIFO eviction policy results in an effective balance of cache management complexity and cache miss rates. Under high cache pressure the choice of medium granularity translates into a significant reduction in overall execution time versus both coarse and fine granularities.
Characteristic Property of Low Bitterness in Protein Hydrolysates by a Novel Soybean Protease D3

ABSTRACT: Enzymatic hydrolysis is 1 means of improving the functional properties of food protein; however, in most cases, bitter peptides are generated by such treatment, and the resulting product is therefore not acceptable as a food ingredient. We have already reported a novel cysteine protease, D3, purified from germinating soybean cotyledons. Because of its substrate specificities, most hydrophobic amino acid residues in the hydrolysate are presumed not to be located at the peptide termini. It was therefore expected that protein hydrolysate by protease D3 would taste less bitter than other enzymatic hydrolysates. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the low bitterness of protein hydrolysates by protease D3. For that purpose, soy protein and casein hydrolysates were prepared with treatment of protease D3, subtilisin, pepsin, trypsin, and thermolysin, respectively. The bitterness of these hydrolysates was evaluated by measuring points of subjective equality (PSE). The PSE value demonstrated that the protein hydrolysates by protease D3 were significantly less bitter than the other enzymatic hydrolysates, indicating that the products had a taste mild enough to be acceptable as a less-bitter peptide food ingredient. These results suggested that a prominent feature of protease D3 was its capacity to produce less-bitter peptides. Therefore, it is thought that protease D3 could be applied to produce protein hydrolysates for use as ingredients in a variety of food products.
An integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa: a case study using the case formulation method.

Objective: The current study provides an illustration of an integration of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN), based on the case formulation strategy. Method: A 25-year-old Hispanic female referred herself for the treatment of eating difficulties and depressed mood. Diagnostic criteria were met for BN, major depressive episode, and alcohol abuse. Components of both CBT and IPT were utilized throughout the course of treatment. CBT techniques appeared to be most effective in eliminating binge eating and binge drinking behavior, whereas IPT techniques seemed to be most effective in reducing purging behavior. Results revealed that the client was no longer experiencing clinically significant symptoms of BN, depression, or alcohol abuse at end of treatment and follow-up (18 months after treatment onset). Discussion: Findings support the integration of CBT and IPT for the treatment of BN and, potentially, other eating disorders. a 2005 by Wiley Periodicals,
Nasal Vaccination with β-Amyloid Peptide for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease for which there is currently no effective prevention or treatment. The prediction that the number of U.S. patients with AD will triple...
Urban Development and the Politics of a Creative Class: Evidence from a Study of Artists:

In this paper I critique the notion of ‘the creative class' and the fuzzy causal logic about its relationship to urban growth. I argue that in the creative class, occupations that exhibit distinctive spatial and political proclivities are bunched together, purely on the basis of educational attainment, and with little demonstrable relationship to creativity. I use a case study of artists, one element of the purported creative class, to probe this phenomenon, demonstrating that the formation, location, urban impact, and politics of this occupation are much more complex and distinctive than has been suggested previously. The spatial distribution of artists is a function of semiautonomous personal migration decisions, local nurturing of artists in dedicated spaces and organizations, and the locus of artist-employing firms. Artists have very high rates of self-employment, boosting regional growth by providing import-substituting consumption activities for residents and through direct export of their work. The...
Adaptive recovery of a chirped sinusoid in noise. II. Performance of the LMS algorithm

The authors study the ability of the exponentially weighted recursive least square (RLS) algorithm to track a complex chirped exponential signal buried in additive white Gaussian noise (power P/sub n/). The signal is a sinusoid whose frequency is drifting at a constant rate Psi . lt is recovered using an M-tap adaptive predictor. Five principal aspects of the study are presented: the methodology of the analysis; proof of the quasi-deterministic nature of the data-covariance estimate R(k); a new analysis of RLS for an inverse system modeling problem; a new analysis of RLS for a deterministic time-varying model for the optimum filter; and an evaluation of the residual output mean-square error (MSE) resulting from the nonoptimality of the adaptive predictor (the misadjustment) in terms of the forgetting rate ( beta ) of the RLS algorithm. It is shown that the misadjustment is dominated by a lag term of order beta /sup -2/ and a noise term of order beta . Thus, a value beta /sub opt/ exists which yields a minimum misadjustment. It is proved that beta /sub opt/=((M+1) rho Psi /sup 2/)/sup 1/3/, and the minimum misadjustment is equal to (3/4)P/sub n/(M+1) beta /sub opt/, where rho is the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). >
Identification of redundant delay faults

Various defects during fabrication have been shown in the literature to introduce delay faults in logic circuits. This paper analyzes the effects of these defects on the normal operation of logic circuits with the goal of developing an appropriate model for these faults. Single and multiple delay faults in this model are analyzed to determine if they are redundant with respect to the normal operation of the logic circuit. The relationships between delay redundancies and stuck-at redundancies are discussed. The redundancy identification techniques are applied to various benchmarks circuits and experimental data are presented. >
Minimizing Spectral Leakage of Nonideal LINC Transmitters by Analysis of Component Impairments

LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) is a distortion-free transmitter architecture under ideal conditions. However, in a realistic transmitter, imbalances such as dc offset, differential gain, and differential phase shift present in the quadrature modulators result in generation of out-of-band spectral components, even assuming that both amplifiers have identical characteristics. The level of distortion not only increases with the magnitude of the imbalances but also depends, to a large extent, on their relative phase arguments. The contribution of this paper is to provide a simplified characterization of the spectral leakage in the LINC transmitter in terms of quadrature modulator imbalances, with identical or mismatched amplifiers. This characterization allows identification of the transmitter with minimum spectral leakage under the constraint that the quadrature modulators perform equally well when used individually, i.e., in a transmitter composed of just the quadrature modulator followed by an amplifier. With reasonably small imbalances in the quadrature modulators and realistic amplifier mismatch, the spectral leakage at the output of a LINC transmitter driven by typical modulation schemes can be reduced by up to 10 dB, simply by a wise pairing of modulators
Social Support and Exchange Patterns in an Online Smoking Cessation Intervention Program

Smoking and tobacco use are acquired behaviors and the most preventable cause of death in United States. Many studies show that a large amount of diseases, deaths, years of potential life lost and productivity loses are associated with smoking and tobacco use. In the smoking cessation intervention programs, social support plays an important role in helping people establish positive attitudes and confidence to achieve better intervention outcomes. However, smoking quitters can only receive limited social support from traditional face-to-face intervention programs. With the development of Internet and social media, many online communities are developed for smoking cessation, where people can communicate with each other and social support is exchanged widely through their interactions without time and geographical limitations. To explore the exchange patterns of social support, this paper uses qualitative method to analyze the content of posts and comments in an online forum of smoking cessation called QuitNet. Different types of informational support and nurturant support offered are identified in the online forum. We define two exchange patterns of social support, which are "initiated support" that is offered voluntarily and "invited support" that is offered in response to the requests. It is found that more informational support is exchanged through social interactions from different users, although there are more expressions about nurturant support in the messages. Invited support is the prevalent exchange pattern. This study brings insights into social support offered in online communities of smoking cessation, which is helpful to understand the user behavior of online smoking cessation intervention programs.
The Nutrition Transition in Low-Income Countries: An Emerging Crisis

Scientists have long recognized the importance of the demographics and epidemiologic transitions in higher income countries. Only recently has it become understood that similar sets of broadly based changes are occurring in lower income countries. What has not been recognized is that concurrent changes in nutrition are also occurring, with equally important implications for resource allocation in many low-income countries. Several major changes seem to be emerging, leading to a marked shift in the structure of diet and the distribution of body composition in many regions of the world: a rapid reduction in fertility and aging of the population, rapid urbanization, the epidemiologic transition, and economic changes affecting populations in different and uneven ways. These changes vary significantly over time. In general, we find that problems of under- and overnutrition often coexist, reflecting the trend in which an increasing proportion of people consume the types of diets associated with a number of chronic diseases. This is occurring more rapidly than previously seen in higher income countries, or even in Japan and Korea. Examples from Thailand, China, and Brazil provide evidence of the changes and trends in dietary intake, physical activity, and body composition patterns.
Assessment of mutually beneficial technology: East‐West perspective

Many firms in the transitionary economies of Central and Eastern Europe are searching for Western partners to assist them with technological development. They are particularly interested in joint ventures, strategic alliances, and management contracts. They feel that rapid infusion of new technology is the fastest way to economic recovery. The problem is that they do not understand how their level of technology compares to the technology level in Western economies. A significant technology gap exists. This problem is further complicated because managers from transitionary economies do not have appropriate technology assessment processes to assess internal as well as external technologies. This paper reviews this problem and offers some insights on it.
FORECASTING THE TREASURY BILL RATE: A TIME‐VARYING COEFFICIENT APPROACH

In this paper a time-varying coefficient model is developed using a Kalman filter methodology to test the term structure of interest rates. Since the model is characterized by continuing revision of the estimates when new information arrives, it is capable of capturing the dynamic interest rate behavior, thereby increasing the forecasting accuracy of the future spot rates. With the constant expectations hypothesis rejected, the forecasting accuracy is substantially increased.
Innovative studies in women by use of stabilized isotopes in pregnancy.

Pharmacokinetic studies are conducted in order to determine drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. This knowledge serves to help determine the appropriate and timely use of medications and is also an important step in providing individualized therapeutics according to patient characteristics, such as disease state and genotypes of drug metabolizing enzymes. An innovative way of conducting pharmacokinetic research in pregnancy is presented, with the drug levothyroxine (LT4). The stable, non-radioactive Carbon-13 isotope was used to prepare a derivative of LT4, which was then used to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drug in 9 pregnant women serving as their own controls. Of 9 study subjects, 6 returned to participate in the post partum (non-pregnant) portion of the study. The median time to peak blood level was determined to be at 8 hours post dose. The AUC0–∞ results were significantly higher during pregnancy than in the same woman approximately 6 months post partum. The increase in LT4 AUC during pregnancy could be attributed to a decrease in LT4 clearance. Additionally, a large variability in the pharmacokinetics of LT4 was found in pregnant women, and a relatively narrower range of variability in non-pregnant women. In order to solidify these findings, a larger group of patients is required. In addition, the mechanisms responsible for the gestational differences in pharmacokinetics need to be investigated.
O wojnach markomańskich Marka Olędzkiego

Recenzja ksiązki: Marek Oledzki, Wojny markomanskie 162–185 n.e., Bellona, Warszawa 2011, 196 s., 25 ilustracji, dwie mapy
AN ACCURATE, FLEXIBLE, PARALLEL POISSON SOLVER WITH DIRECT SUB-STRUCTURING FOR COMPLEX GEOMETRIES

An effective, efficiently parallelized Poisson solver suitable for complex geometries has been developed and assessed for three-dimensional problems in both Cartesian and cylindrical coordinate systems with at least one homogeneous direction. It uses spectral and/or high-order ftite difference collocation discretizations along with direct sub-structuring. and possesses spectral accuracy. The accuracy and performance behavior of the solver are investigated varying domain complexity, grid size and number of processors for different test functions and boundary conditions. The objective is to incorporate it in a 3-D code with a splitting time-scheme for turbulent incompressible flow simulations.
Hemagglutination and complement fixation with type I and II Albany strains of Coxsackie virus.

SummaryTwo Albany strains of Coxsackie virus, Type I (T.T.) and Type II (Fleetwood) were found to be negative for hemagglutination when human O, sheep, chick, and guinea pig erythrocytes were used. On the other hand, the viruses showed distinct positive specific complement fixation without any cross reaction between them. Antigens prepared from infected brain tissue were inactive; those from infected limb tissue were highly active. Tests with human sera and limb-tissue antigens are left for further study.
The Induction of Emergence in the Leaf-Cutter Bee Megachile rotundata, an Important Pollinator of Alfalfa

Laboratory tests on the time-temperature relationships for the development of diapausing prepupae of the leafcutter bee Megachile rotundata (F.), showed the favorable range to extend from 19° to approximately 38°C. Below 19° development does not occur and above 38° mortality is complete. Peak temperature for development was 32°. Development is temperature-dependent and the position of the cell in the series has no effect on the maturation rate. Alternating temperatures caused a consistent delay in the onset of emergence, as well as in the time of peak emergence, even though the lower of the temperatures was within the favorable range. Recommendations are made for commercial management of overwintering prepupae.
One-Dimensional Nanostructures of π-Conjugated Molecular Systems: Assembly, Properties, and Applications from Photovoltaics, Sensors, and Nanophotonics to Nanoelectronics†

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures (nanowires, nanoribbons, nanotubes, nanobelts, and nanofibers) of π-conjugated small molecules, oligomers, and polymers. The diverse methods used in assembling the molecular building blocks into 1D functional nanostructures and nanodevices are discussed, including hard and soft template-assisted synthesis, electrospinning, nanolithography, self-assembly in solution and at interfaces, physical vapor transport, and other strategies. Optical, charge transport, electronic, and photoconductive properties of nanowires and nanotubes of selected classes of π-conjugated molecular systems are discussed next, highlighting unique features of the 1D nanostructures compared to 2D thin films. Overview of applications of these 1D organic nanostructures ranging from nanoscale light-emitting diodes, field-emission devices, organic photovoltaics, sensors/biosensors, spin-electronics, and nanophotonics to nanoelectronics is th...
Comparisons of Traps and Visual Searches of Foliage for Monitoring Aphid (Heteroptera: Aphididae) Population Density in Broccoli

Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Hyadaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), and Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) were the most numerous aphid species collected in water and sticky traps and observed on the foliage of broccoli in two successive plantings during 1980 and 1981 in Santa Ana, Calif. Cylindrical sticky traps were more effective than water traps for collecting aphids. Correlation coefficients were low or not significant for comparisons of alatae from water or sticky traps and whole-plant aphid surveys in both plantings. Catches from water and sticky traps were not consistently correlated. Aphid collections from traps in untreated plots and traps in plots sprayed with pesticides were not significantly different, supporting the hypothesis that airborne aphid populations are relatively uniform.
The Comparison between PCR and ELISA in HBV Detection

Objective Compare PCR with ELISA Hbs Ag in HBV detection through the endoscopy in order to select and determine the better method.Method Compare with the positive detectable rate and consistency indices(kappa)between the two methods among 207 samples.Results The positive rate of PCR HBV-DNA is 27.54 %, but ELISA Hbs Ag is only 2.42 %. There is significant difference between the two methods(x2=4.63,P=0.031 and kappa=0.089,P=0.008).Conclusions The efficiency of PCR method are superior to those of ELISA Hbs Ag in HBV detection through the endoscope
The Plant Salvia divinorum (Lamiaceae)—Chemistry and Pharmacology

Abstract The plant Salvia divinorum (Epling & Jativa-M.) is a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae) endemic to the Sierra Mazateca region of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca of southern Mexico. It has a history of known ethnobotanical use by the Mazatec Indians extending several centuries both in medicinal and spiritual practices. Reports of the perceptiotropic effects that accompanied use of this material led to phytochemical investigations which yielded a novel neoclerodane diterpenoid, salvinorin A. This compound was found to possess extremely high affinity and selectivity for the kappa opioid receptors and was determined to bind in a unique manner different from classic opioids. While S. divinorum and salvinorin A both produce pronounced perceptotropic effects (i.e., mixed hallucinogenic and dissociative effects) they have also been shown to attenuate drug-seeking behavior. Furthermore, salvinorin A has been repeatedly shown to possess an extremely low potential for physiological toxicity. Salvia divinorum represents a novel source of bioactive molecules some of which have been shown to have utility as antiaddiction therapeutics.
Accelerated transmural gradients of energy compound metabolism resulting from left ventricular hypertrophy.

Eighteen dogs underwent transmural left ventricular biopsies for adenosine triphosphate and suturing of the noncoronary cusp, creating valvular aortic stenosis. Three months after aortic stenosis and the subsequent development of left ventricular hypertrophy, animals underwent repeat transmural left ventricular biopsies followed by total myocardial ischemia at 37° C. Left ventricular tissue samples for adenosine triphosphate and lactate levels were determined at 15-minute intervals and compared with 15 control animals. No significant difference between subendocardial and subepicardial adenosine triphosphate levels was found between left ventricular samples taken before left ventricular hypertrophy and 3 months after left ventricular hypertrophy. Significant differences in adenosine triphosphate utilization occurred between subendocardial and subepicardial layers in control and left ventricular hypertrophy myocardium, however. The gradient between the subendocardium and the subepicardium was significantly increased by left ventricular hypertrophy (p
New feature to help physicians implement AHRQ effective health care reviews

To more effectively disseminate the results of comparative effectiveness research into practice, AHRQ's Effective Health Care Program produces concise summaries of its reviews for patients, policy makers, and physicians. AFP has partnered with AHRQ to introduce a new journal feature, “Implementing AHRQ Effective Health Care Reviews.”