cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Propensity of Uranium-Peroxide Systems to Preserve Nanosized Assemblies

Understanding the stability fields and decomposition products of various metal- and actinide-oxide nanoclusters is essential for their development into useful materials for industrial processes. Herein, we explore the spontaneous transformation of the sulfate-centered, phosphate functionalized uranyl peroxide nanocluster {U20P6} to {U24} under aqueous ambient conditions using time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, Raman, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. We show that the unusual μ-η1:η2 bridging mode of peroxide between uranyl ions observed in {U20P6} may lead to its rapid breakdown in solution as evidenced by liberation of phosphate groups that were originally present as an integral part of its cage structure. Remarkably, the uranyl peroxide moieties present after degradation of {U20P6} undergo cation-mediated reassembly into the {U24} cluster, demonstrating the propensity of the uranyl peroxide systems to preserve well-defined macro-anions.
The Panta Rhei: Modernizing the Marquee

Many multimedia visualizations abstract the underlying content into aggregate displays, requiring user interaction in order to expose the original text, images or video. The drawback of this approach is that unlike traditional, numerical data, multimedia data is readily interpretable. Users can catch an image or phrase out of the corner of their eye an immediately understand the content. However, this passive discovery cannot take place when content is only exposed through direct interaction. In this paper, we present the Panta Rhei, a peripheral display designed to avoid this pitfall by surfacing original content when the user is not actively engaged with the application. We provide the full implementation details, including the many ways in which the underlying parameters can be tuned to suit various objectives. Since the display can easily support text, images or videos, our goal is to enable more widespread discussion and experimentation involving this technique for multimedia visualization.
Childhood interpersonal violence and adult alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco use disorders: variation by race/ethnicity?

BackgroundExposure to child maltreatment has been shown to increase lifetime risk for substance use disorders (SUD). However, this has not been systematically examined among race/ethnic groups, for whom rates of exposure to assaultive violence and SUD differ. This study examined variation by race/ethnicity and gender in associations of alcohol (AUD), cannabis (CUD), and tobacco (TUD) use disorders with three types of childhood interpersonal violence (cIPV): physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing parental violence.MethodData from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol-Related Conditions-III (N: 36 309), a US nationally representative sample, was utilized to examine associations of DSM-5 AUD, CUD and TUD with cIPV among men and women of five racial/ethnic groups. Models were adjusted for additional risk factors (e.g. parental substance use problems, participant's co-occurring SUD).ResultsIndependent contributions of childhood physical and sexual abuse to AUD, CUD, and TUD, and of witnessing parental violence to AUD and TUD were observed. Associations of cIPV and SUD were relatively similar across race/ethnicity and gender [Odds Ratios (ORs) ranged from 1.1 to 1.9], although associations of physical abuse with AUD and TUD were greater among males, associations of parental violence and AUD were greater among females, and associations of parental violence with AUD were greater among Hispanic women and American Indian men.ConclusionsGiven the paucity of research in this area, and the potential identification of modifiable risk factors to reduce the impact of childhood interpersonal violence on SUDs, further research and consideration of tailoring prevention and intervention efforts to different populations are warranted.
Aislamiento de Aspergillus tritici desde ambiente interno (Chile): alcances ecológicos y clínicos

Resumen Los ambientes internos son un habitat protector importante, donde el hombre reside o trabaja la mayor parte de su tiempo. Muchos de estos ambientes carecen de buena ventilacion, lo que influye en la composicion de sus comunidades microbianas y, en especial, de la fungica. El objetivo de este estudio es comunicar la presencia de Aspergillus de la seccion Candidi en ambientes internos de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Valparaiso, Chile, y destacar su rol ecologico y su importancia en micologia medica. Se efectuo la clasificacion morfofisiologica y molecular de dichos aislamientos. Se realizo un muestreo no volumetrico ambiental en agar papa glucosado (PDA) mediante la exposicion de 2 placas en 10 diferentes ambientes internos para seleccionar las especies de Aspergillus. Se efectuaron subcultivos en agar Czapek con extracto de levadura (CYA), agar extracto de malta (MEA) y agar creatina sacarosa (CREA) solo para las especies de esporas blancas, para su identificacion morfofisiologica y posteriormente molecular. De 20 muestras analizadas, en solo una se aislo un miembro de Aspergillus perteneciente a la seccion Candidi. Sobre la base de sus caracteristicas morfologicas y moleculares, se clasifico a este aislamiento como Aspergillus tritici Mehrotra & Basu. Se describe su ecologia y se discute su importancia medica.
Paying for Clinical Education: Fact or Fiction?.

Changes in the health care system, brought on by cost control measures, are expected to have an impact on clinical education opportunities in allied health. There has been speculation that clinical facilities, upon which academic programs depend for clinical education, will begin charging fees for allowing students to rotate through their facilities. A survey was conducted of 43 schools and colleges of allied health, comprising 274 programs in 46 different disciplines to ascertain the extent to which programs were paying for clinical education. Two basic research questions were addressed: (1) to what extent are academic institutions supporting direct costs for clinical education of students and (2) to what extent are academic institutions exchanging resources with clinical facilities in which their students are receiving clinical education? Data were collected on cash payments made to clinical facilities, payment of preceptors, academic faculty in direct supervision of students in the clinics, tuition credit bank for clinical supervisors, university provision of inservice training for the clinical faculty, and university provision of equipment for use by students in the clinical facility. Results indicate that very few programs are making cash payments--2.2% in academic health centers and 10.6% in non-academic health centers (four-year colleges). In lieu of cash payments, a number of resource exchanges take place between educational institutions and clinical facilities.
Health care, information needs, and outreach: Reaching Ohio's rural citizens

As a rural state, Ohio has a vital interest in addressing rural health and information needs. NetWellness is a Web-based consumer health information service that focuses on the needs of the residents of Ohio. Health sciences faculty from the state's three Carnegie Research I universities—University of Cincinnati, Case Western Reserve University, and The Ohio State University—create and evaluate content and provide Ask an Expert service to all visitors. Through partnerships at the state and local levels, involving public, private, commercial, and noncommercial organizations, NetWellness has grown from a regional demonstration project in 1995 to a key statewide service. Collaboration with public libraries, complemented by alliances with kindergarten through twelfth grade agencies, makes NetWellness Ohio's essential health information resource.
Service Orientation and Ancillary Service Perceptions

A fairly recent retail phenomena is a widening of discretionary services offered as part of some major chain’s product assortment. However, a failure to offer services consistent with characteristics of target markets is likely to lead to a widening of a service quality gap. This paper analyzes the relationships between an important segmentation variable, retail service orientation, and amounts of benefits perceived from selected financial discretionary services. The results indicate that further pursuit of a "personal interaction" variable may help in understanding and closing an important service quality gap, and provide some insight into types of service offerings consistent with certain types of retail chains.
"Son asimilados": Mayra Montero vis-à-vis Tomás Blanco y el discurso racial en Puerto Rico

El proposito en este trabajo es analizar “El entierro de Chianita: un complot chino” de Mayra Montero vis-a-vis el ensayo El prejuicio racial en Puerto Rico de Tomas Blanco con el fin de subrayar como el discurso racial de la Generacion del 30 en Puerto Rico pervive en la actualidad y, entre otros asuntos, escamotea proyectos antirracistas. La primera parte de este trabajo analizara los ejemplos de la opera y del teatro bufo que Montero incluye en su ensayo para justificar la presencia en el Puerto Rico del siglo XXI de personajes negros interpretados por artistas blancos que se oscurecen el rostro de negro (i.e. “blackface”). Dicho analisis usara premisas de teorias post coloniales como punto de partida. La segunda parte estudiara las conexiones entre el ensayo de Blanco y el de Montero y mencionara posibles estrategias que ayuden a combatir el racismo institucionalizado.
Spare to share? How does interindividual variation in metabolic rate influence food sharing in the honeybee?

Abstract A central benefit of group living is the cooperative acquisition and sharing of resources but the costs associated with these processes can set up a potential conflict between individual and group level fitness. Within a honeybee colony, the task of resource acquisition is relegated to the foragers and any interindividual differences in their metabolic rate and the consequent carbohydrate demand may pose a constraint on the amount of resources they can contribute to the colony. We investigated whether the carbohydrate demand of a forager is a function of her metabolic rate and if this impacts the amount of food she shares with the nestmates. Our results show that the sucrose consumption rates of foragers with high metabolic rates did not meet their carbohydrate demand, placing them at an energy deficit while those with lower metabolic rates had an energy surplus. Our food sharing experiments showed a trend but did not detect a significant difference among individuals with different consumption rates in terms of the amount of food they shared with their nestmates. These results suggest that honeybee foragers with different metabolic rates are likely to differ in terms of whether they have an energy surplus or deficit, but more long-term datasets may be required to detect how this may influence food sharing.
Higher C6 enzyme immunoassay index values correlate with a diagnosis of noncutaneous Lyme disease

Abstract The correlation between the Food and Drug Administration–cleared C6 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) C6 index values and a diagnosis of Lyme disease has not been examined. We used pooled patient-level data from 5 studies of adults and children with Lyme disease and control subjects who were tested with the C6 EIA. We constructed a receiver operating characteristic curve using regression clustered by study and measured the area under the curve (AUC) to examine the accuracy of the C6 index values in differentiating between patients with noncutaneous Lyme disease and control subjects. In the 4821 included patients, the C6 index value had excellent ability to distinguish between patients with noncutaneous Lyme disease and control subjects [AUC 0.99; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99–1.00]. An index value cut point of ≥3.0 had a sensitivity of 90.9% (95% CI, 87.8–93.3) and specificity of 99.0% (95% CI, 98.6–99.2%) for Lyme disease.
On spatio-temporal dynamics of sine-Gordon soliton in nonlinear non-homogeneous media using fully implicit spectral element scheme

One- and two-dimensional sine-Gordon equation in non-homogeneous media is considered. Sine-Gordon equation exhibits soliton-like solution whose existence and behaviour in non-homogeneous media is s...
Apparent and true amino acid digestibility of a crystalline amino acid mixture and of casein: comparison of values obtained with ileal-cannulated pigs and cecectomized cockerels.

Six ileal-cannulated pigs that averaged 100 kg BW and 16 adult cecectomized cockerels that averaged 2.35 kg BW were used to determine apparent and true digestibilities of amino acids (AA) in a complete crystalline AA mixture and in casein. A protein-free (PF) diet was included as a treatment to estimate endogenous AA losses. Fasted cockerels were compared to cockerels fed PF diets for calculation of true digestibility of AA in cockerels. For the AA diet, true digestibility of indispensable AA in the pig ranged from a low of 97.2% for leucine to a high of 100.5% for arginine (Arg). True digestibility of indispensable AA in casein ranged from a low of 93.5% for isoleucine (Ile) to a high of 99.9% for Arg. Correcting for endogenous losses increased digestibilities of lysine (Lys) and threonine (Thr) in pigs fed the AA diet by 2.4 and 7.1%, respectively, and increased Lys and Thr digestibility in pigs fed the casein diet by 1.8 and 6.1%, respectively. Feeding a PF diet to chickens to correct for endogenous losses resulted in higher true digestibility values for all AA with the exception of tryptophan, methionine, and Arg than those obtained using fasted animals. True digestibilities of Thr were 88.3 and 86.6% for AA and casein diets, respectively, using fasted controls but were 97.5 and 94.5% when the PF control was used. Proline digestibility was increased (P < .05) substantially in both pigs and cockerels when the PF control was used to correct for endogenous AA losses. Regardless of species, Ile in casein had a lower true digestibility value than any other indispensable AA. The results of this study indicated that true digestibilities of AA in a mixture of crystalline AA and in casein are essentially 100% in both pigs and cockerels.
Fairy Tales and Hard Truths in Tacitus's Histories 4.6–10

In a new reading of Tacitus9s account of the quarrel between Helvidius Priscus and Eprius Marcellus at Hist . 4.6.3–4.10.1, I show that the historian stages a confrontation between panegyrical and Realpolitik rhetoric about the Principate. Helvidius uses the consensus-rhetoric of panegyric to propose that the senate claim the freedom they theoretically possess in the regime of a civilis princeps . Eprius describes the autocratic “reality” of the Principate in terms of contingency, necessity, and power. Helvidius9s panegyrical fantasy runs up against practical limits, but Eprius9s hardheaded truisms prove equally problematic for senatorial oratory. The failures of both speeches comment on the necessity of a consciously fictive “public transcript” such as Pliny9s Panegyric while pointing to historiography as the proper place for Realpolitik truths. The debate sheds new light on Tacitus9s praise of Trajan and Nerva at the beginning of the Histories as a locus for collective senatorial self-fashioning.
Ethnically Diverse Adolescents Recount Third-Party Actions That Amplify Their Anger and Calm Their Emotions After Perceived Victimization:

Third-party adolescents (those aware of peer conflict as neither aggressors nor victims) can help shape their peers’ emotional responses to perceived victimization. Emotion regulation promotes resi...
Successful Return to Active Duty after First Rib Resection for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

Abstract Introduction The optimal surgical approach and treatment algorithm for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) remain controversial. We sought to examine the outcomes of patients treated at a military medical treatment facility (MTF) for TOS. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all patients who had a first rib resection (FRR) for TOS over a 9-year period at a single MTF. Patient demographics, perioperative details, and patient outcomes were examined. Active duty (AD) status and return to AD were reviewed. Results From 2008-2016, 33 FRRs were performed in 32 patients. Of these, 30 patients were AD with a mean age of 27 years (range, 19-44). The 29 male and 4 female patients were treated for symptoms of venous (23), neurogenic (6), or arterial (4) TOS. The mean time from onset of symptoms was 11 months (range 1 to 120). The FRR was performed via a transaxillary (13), supraclavicular (12), or paraclavicular (8) approach. Of 21 AD patients with venous TOS, 16 (76%) underwent preoperative thrombolysis. A post-operative venogram or ultrasound was performed in 20 patients, documenting vein patency in 18 (90%). Nine patients underwent subsequent venoplasty or stent placement. The majority of patients (15) were placed on anticoagulation for 1-6 months. Two AD patients had perioperative complications including a lymph leak and brachial plexus palsy. Twenty-four (89%) patients returned to AD status. One recruit never returned to AD following successful FRR and two other patients did not return for medical reasons unrelated to the FRR. Conclusion Despite a variety of surgical approaches and often delayed presentation, we identified a high percentage of post-operative vein patency and return to AD status in our population. The debate over surgical approach remains; however, a multimodal approach individualized to the patient’s presentation and meticulous surgical technique led to successful outcomes in our healthy military population.
Investigation of solvent effects in the hydrodeoxygenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over Ru catalysts

Abstract Liquid phase, reductive deoxygenation of biomass derived platform chemicals over transition metal surfaces constitutes an efficient scheme for upgrading lignocellulosic biomass. The solvation effects on the reaction kinetics of the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of levulinic acid (LA) towards the formation of γ-valerolactone (GVL) over Ru(0 0 0 1) has been studied in three condensed phase media, i.e., liquid water, methanol, and 1,4-dioxane. Detailed microkinetic models have been developed incorporating various catalytic pathways including formation of 4-hydroxypentanoic acid (HPA) and α-angelicalactone (AGL) to simulate the catalytic activity of Ru(0 0 0 1) under various reaction conditions of solvent, temperature, and partial pressures. Our microkinetic models suggest that direct catalytic conversion with alkoxy formation is the preferred reaction mechanism in all reaction environments. Furthermore, we find that water facilitates the reaction kinetics significantly and that the solvent effect is strongest at lower temperatures (T
Identifying recreational ecosystem service areas of concern in Grand Canyon National Park: A participatory mapping approach

Abstract Increased visitor use and overuse are well-documented in popular national parks in the Western United States. Previous research has documented how this high level of visitor use negatively impacts park resources and inhibits the provisioning of recreational ecosystem services to park visitors. This research informs the management of recreational ecosystem services in wildland protected areas by identifying important provisioning areas, degraded provisioning areas, and at-risk provisioning areas through a participatory mapping exercise conducted with park managers and other key residential stakeholders (e.g., tourism operators, NGOs, and local community leaders) in Grand Canyon National Park. Following a mixed methods design, responses were analyzed via overlap, hotspot, and qualitative metadata analyses. Findings indicate that unique bundles of recreational ecosystem services are provisioned in specific areas across the study area. However, many of these service provisioning areas were also found to be either degraded or at-risk of degradation due to visitor use trends. Based on perceived service provisioning and degradation, areas of concern for recreational ecosystem service management were subsequently classified. Finally, sources and impacts of degradation for areas of concern were identified through a paired qualitative analysis of the spatial participatory mapping data. As a result, this manuscript outlines a new method of prioritizing areas for recreational ecosystem service management through an areas of concern analysis that examines the overlap of service provisioning areas and ecological and experiential degradation.
Postoperative Mortality in Patients With Cirrhosis: Reconsidering Expectations.

BackgroundA diagnosis of cirrhosis increases a patient’s risk of postoperative mortality. Surgeons are reticent to operate when cirrhosis is known unless no option is available. This study aimed to...
Unabsorbed light beamlets for diagnosing coronal density profiles and absorption nonuniformity in direct-drive implosions on OMEGA

Laser light scattered from a target is the most-direct measurement for diagnosing laser absorption in a direct-drive implosion. The 3ω gated optical imager beamlets diagnostic images unabsorbed light from all 60 OMEGA beams as distinct “beamlet” spots for each beam. The implosion can be diagnosed using the position and intensity of these beamlets. The position of each beamlet in the image is determined by refraction and can be used to fit the coronal plasma density profile of the implosion. The inferred plasma density profiles are comparable to the profiles predicted by the 1D hydrodynamics code LILAC but suggest that the predictions underestimate the density farther out in the corona. The intensity of light in each spot depends on the cumulative effects of absorption and cross-beam energy transfer along the beamlet’s path through the corona. The measured variation in intensity and polarization between similar spots indicates that absorption during OMEGA implosions is less uniform than previously known.
Oxidation in Reused Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Ti-6Al-4V Feedstock: A Brief Review

Unmelted titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) feedstock powder oxidizes during powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. This review focuses on the potential effect variations of the powder reuse method may have on the oxidation rate over multiple builds in both electron beam and laser powder bed fusion processes. No correlation of the oxidation rate based on the powder reuse method has been observed, but significant variation in the oxidation rate has been observed between reuse methods. The authors feel that these results highlight a need for better reporting of the details of the powder reuse method (e.g., mixing) to appropriately assess the potential for the reuse method to affect the oxidation rate. Recommendations for powder reuse and details for a higher level of reporting are provided. Multiple instances of variable oxidation rate within a given experiment have been observed. The implications of this heterogeneity on mechanical property variability might be significant.
Assessment of Interventions to Prevent Drug-Induced Hearing Loss

Drug-induced hearing loss can occur secondary to a variety of clinical therapeutics, including certain classes of antineoplastics, antimicrobials, diuretics, analgesics, and antimalarials. Unfortunately, not all patients receiving even highly ototoxic medications are routinely monitored for potential hearing loss. For patients receiving medications with a lower incidence of ototoxicity, the hearing loss, when it occurs may be attributed to other factors such as stress or malaise. New pharmacologic otoprotective agents are approaching or are already in clinical trials to prevent ototoxicity while retaining the primary drug’s therapeutic efficacy. This chapter reviews some of the common ototoxic drugs in clinical use, the potential otoprotective agents in clinical trials, methods for audiologic monitoring for ototoxicity and otoprotection, and the ototoxicity grading scales for use in clinical practice and in clinical trials.
Plasma Lipoproteins: Fluorescence as a Probe of Structure and Dynamics

The plasma lipoproteins are water-soluble complexes of lipids and proteins that are the primary vehicles for the transport of lipids in blood. Many of their physical and physiologic properties have been reviewed previously.(1–4) This chapter will review human plasma lipoproteins, but animal models will occasionally be incorporated into the discussion. All lipoproteins contain, in varying amounts, free and esterified cholesterol, phospholipids (mainly phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin), various acyl glycerides (mainly triglycerides), and proteins (designated as apoproteins). The lipoproteins are operationally defined according to their density as the high-, low-, and very-low-density lipoproteins, HDL, LDL, and VLDL, respectively. Each contains several specialized proteins which are powerful surface-active agents. A given apoprotein may occur in more than one lipoprotein; the compositions of the human plasma lipoproteins are given in Table 1 and some of their physical properties are enumerated in Table 2.
Psicodiagnòstic clínic d'un cas de transsexualisme femení

Se exponen en este trabajo los resultados de un largo periodo de observacion de un caso de transexualismo femenino. Se realiza el psicodiagnostico, mediante estrategias clinicas, para determinar si se trata realmente de transexualismo y no de intersexualidad flsica o anomalia genetica. Ademas, se establece el diagnostico diferencial con el travestismo y el lesbianismo, y se examina finalmente el equilibrio psiquico del sujeto. Se concluye con una propuesta terapeutica, iniciada ya durante la fase observacional.
"The Extreme Male Brain?" Incrementum and the Rhetorical Gendering of Autism

The rhetorical figure of the incrementum , or scale , can help to account for how autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been gendered as male, especially in Simon Baron-Cohen’s "Extreme Male Brain" theory. The incrementum occurs when female, male, and autistic brains are placed along a scale according to systemizing and empathizing abilities. This double hierarchy reinforces popular beliefs about sex and gender, drawing on the cultural resources of hi-tech culture, the service economy, and geekiness. In so doing, these theories overlook other important aspects of ASD, including alternative theories, the presence of autistic women and girls, and the needs and interests of autistic people themselves.
RECEST: a reverse channel emitter switched thyristor

A 550 V, reverse channel emitter switched thyristor (RECEST) is demonstrated. It offers ease of thyristor turn-on, a low on-state drop, excellent parasitic thyristor latch-up immunity and a high maximum controllable current density. It is shown to have characteristics superior to both the conventional emitter switched thyristor and the dual lateral channel emitter switched thyristor, and shows promise for use in high-voltage applications.
Young Children's Use of an Information Source in Self Instruction.

Young Children's Use of an Information Source in Self-instruction Evan R. Keislar and Jean Phinney University of California, Los Angeles A total of 24 four-year-old children were posed with the pairedassociate task of learning where 9 different animals lived, using apparatus designed for self-instruction through picture-matching. In Experiment I, children, who were taught to prompt themselves as needed by referring to a picture book, attained almost perfect scores, significantly more than a group who learned through trial-and-error without the information source. To reduce errors of overand under-prompting, an incentive was introduced in Experiment II. One group was differentially reinforced for correct responses only when made on the first attempt without prompting. A second group was reinforced for each correct response regardless of amount of self-prompting or previous errors. The unexpected finding that the indiscriminately reinforced group performed significantly better on the posttest, coupled with the significantly greater variability ;11 book use by the differentially reinforced group, was interpreted as reflecting the heightened anxiety which this risk-taking situation involved for many
Elevated intrinsic cancer stem cell population in human papillomavirus‐associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) is a major risk factor for the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), particularly the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to conventional therapies, and it is postulated that they are responsible for disease recurrence and/or progression. Because the prognoses of patients with HPV16-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC are distinct, the authors sought to determine whether differences in the number of CSCs could account for this clinical observation. METHODS CSC populations in HPV16-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC were assessed using a proprietary assay based on expression of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), an in vitro tumorsphere formation assay, and an in vivo limiting cell dilution in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. A high-density tissue microarray was stained with ALDH1, a CSC marker, to determine the association between CSCs and HPV16-positive/HPV-negative OPSCC. RESULTS HPV16-positive HNSCC had a greater intrinsic CSC pool than HPV-negative HNSCC. Inactivation of p53 has been identified as a major mechanism for the elevated CSC population in HPV16-positive HNSCC. In vivo limiting cell dilution experiments using tumors from patients with HPV16-positive and HPV-negative OPSCC indicated that the CSC frequency was 62.5-fold greater in an HPV16-positive OPSCC tumor than in an HPV-negative OPSCC tumor. Primary tumors from patients with HPV16-positive OPSCC were associated with elevated tumor ALDH1 staining, further extending the association between HPV16 and CSCs. CONCLUSIONS The current data and the clinical observation that patients with HPV16-positive HNSCC respond more favorably to current treatment paradigms than patients with HPV-negative HNSCC support the suggestion that CSC phenotype is not homogeneous. Therefore, the reliance on the CSC number may be insufficient to accurately assess the potential of a particular tumor for disease recurrence and/or progression. Cancer 2014;120:992–1001. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
SULFOBROMOPHTHALEIN SODIUM EXCRETION TEST AS A MEASURE OF LIVER FUNCTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS

In normal adults, following a single intravenous injection of BSP, the logarithmic decline of plasma BSP levels is rectilinear. In patients with hepatic disease, the plotted values are curvilinear with flattening of the curve, or "saturation," occurring at high plasma BSP concentration. The use of the excretion curve provides a dynamic representation of the hepatic uptake of dye throughout the test, avoids the theoretic objections to the 45 minute test, and obviates the necessity for plasma volume determinations. Thirty-five healthy prematures of varying age and weight were the subjects of a study of liver function by the bromsulphalein excretion test. As measured by the BSP excretion test, there is progressive maturation of liver function with age in prematures which does not necessarily correlate with weight. The excretion curves obtained in prematures 18 to 28 hours of age resemble those of older patients with severely impaired hepatic function. Clearance of dye in these subjects is slow throughout the test. With increasing age there is a gradual change in the pattern of the curves characterized by the appearance of the initial sharp slopes coincident with rapid dye removal. "Saturation," or flattening of the curves, persists until a later age and takes place at progressively lower plasma levels. This biphasic pattern is apparent in the prematures over 4 days of age. The normal adult pattern is not attained until about 6 to 8 weeks although the 45 minute retention values become normal at three weeks. The gradual development of normal excretion curves in premature infants may be explained by the progressive maturation of the anatomic and physiologic factors involved in the mechanism of BSP clearance. The increasing size of the capillary network in the liver that occurs with advancing age in effect increases hepatic blood flow and exposes a greater volume of blood in the sinusoids to the activity of the liver. The appearance of the initial sharp slopes, representing rapid dye removal, probably results from this increasing vascularity and possibly from maturation of the hepatic uptake mechanism. The continuance of the biphasic character of the curves probably results from inability to excrete the dye efficiently into bile.
Identification of bovine and porcine rotavirus G types by PCR.

A new seminested PCR typing assay has been extended to identify the important veterinary rotavirus serotypes G5, G6, G10, and G11, as well as the rare human serotype G8. The specificity of the method was evaluated with 30 standard laboratory strains of the G1 to G6 and G8 to G11 types. Rotavirus strain types G6 and G8, not previously recognized in pigs, were identified in field specimens of porcine origin. Images
Community of scholars: An exploratory study of management laureates

Social network analysis is an important research tradition in structural sociology and has contributed much to our understanding of inter and intra organizational relations. Of particular significance is the contribution of social network analysis to the definition of community. Communities, whether traditional or scientific, can be effectively thought of as a series of positions and roles. This paper proposes four hypotheses about a select group of management scholars (laureates) and the network ties that connect them. Laureates were asked to identify individuals who had influenced their intellectual development and work in the management discipline. An invisible college in the traditional sense did not exist but rather a complex series of intellectual neighborhoods were identified. These neighborhoods, as contrasted to true communities or colleges were small, uncoordinated, and fragmented.
Four decades of images in gay male-targeted magazines

This study content-analyzed 1,578 male images from the highest-circulation magazines targeted to gay men, The Advocate and Out, from 1967 to 2008. Social comparison theory served as a theoretical f...
Polyoma Virus Infection of Retinoic Acid-Induced Differentiated Teratocarcinoma Cells

The mouse teratocarcinoma stem cell line, F9, becomes permissive for productive polyoma infection upon treatment with retinoic acid. Through the use of M13-polyoma recombinant single-stranded DNA probes, spliced and unspliced early viral RNA were detected after polyoma infection of retinoic acid-treated and untreated F9 cultures.
Climbing Back Up the Mountain: Reflections From an Exploration of End-of-Life Needs of Persons Living With HIV/AIDS in Appalachian Tennessee

Little is known about the health access and end-of-life (EOL) concerns of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Appalachia, where religious and cultural values are largely traditional. A qualitative, descriptive study with 9 participants was undertaken to assess EOL care needs among those from South Central Appalachian PLWHA. The focus of the study was to examine subjective data regarding EOL needs assessment related to advanced care planning. Five men and 4 women self-acknowledged a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS and completed a 2-hour face-to-face interview with the nurse researcher. Data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive content analysis methods, including data coding for emergent themes and metaphors. A common metaphor tied content to both struggle and triumph as well as the beauty and ruggedness of the Appalachian region: "Climbing Back up the Mountain." Rich descriptions of the significance of the metaphor match with stigma as the greatest hurdle to overcome in planning and interacting with others, including health care providers and significant others, about EOL care needs and advanced planning preferences. Further, the metaphor was derived directly from quotes offered by participants. Sources of stigma were often intersecting: the disease itself, associations with "promiscuity," sexual minority status, illicit drug use, and so on. Strong spiritual images were contrasted with a common avoidance and disdain of organized religion. Findings were used in refining plans for a larger study of EOL care needs and concerns on the population of PLWHA in 2 Southern Appalachian states. Comparison with other research and insights for providers is included.
A novel view of suprathreshold stochastic resonance and its applications to financial markets

We introduce an original application of Suprathreshold Stochastic Resonance (SSR). Given a noise-corrupted signal, we induce SSR in effort to filter the effect of the corrupting noise. This will yield a clearer version of the signal we desire to detect. We propose a financial application that can potentially reveal big positions in a market. We assume there exist return signals that correspond to big orders, which are hidden by noise from small scale traders. We induce SSR in an attempt to reveal these big positions.
Morphological stability analysis of directional solidification in thin samples with lateral heat transfer

Abstract Recent experimental evidence indicates that the onset of instability of a planar interface during the directional solidification of a binary system depends on the thickness of the sample. We have investigated the effect that finite lateral heat transfer between a thin sample and the containing cell can have on the morphological stability problem. We have found that such an effect contributes significantly to the stability of the planar interface when D T ≈√ d / h '. D T is the thermal diffusivity, υ the pulling speed and d the thickness of the sample. h ' is a heat transfer coefficient in a phenomenological law according to which the heat flux between the sample and the cell is given by the product of h ' with the temperature difference between the sample and the cell. Since it appears that D T / υ ≫√ d / h ' in the above mentioned experiment, there are probably no appreciable effects arising from a finite lateral heat transfer in the experimentally relevant range of velocities and thicknesses, given a reasonable estimate of the heat transfer coefficient h '. However, h ' might be smaller than we have estimated and it would be interesting to determine it experimentally in order to conclusively rule out finite lateral heat transfer alone as the origin for the thickness dependence of the critical velocity observed in the experiments.
Camping in a Different Tree: Results of Molecular Systematic Studies of Bats Using DNA–DNA Hybridization

We examined taxa from 13 of the 17 chiropteran families, using single-copy DNA hybridization. Five taxa that either represented points of controversy in systematics or were members of problematic families were included in the experiment. The resulting data were used to build phylogenetic trees of 14 and 19 taxa, and by combining this study's data with those from two previous studies, a supertree of 36 taxa was constructed. The trees based on the three different matrices are compared and contrasted, and a phylogenetic hypothesis supporting the association of the rhinolophoid and the pteropodid groups of bats is presented. On the basis of this study, we conclude that the phylogenetically correct placement of the family Nycteridae is in a clade that does not include their putative relatives, the Rhinolophoidea. Our results suggest that the Emballonuridae, while a monophyletic group, are well embedded within the Yangochiroptera, and do not comprise the sister taxon to all other microbats. This study supports earlier DNA-hybridization results with respect to the placement of Mystacinidae within the Noctilionoidea, replicating those earlier findings. Finally, we determine that Miniopterus may well warrant recognition as a family distinct from the Vespertilionidae in which it is usually placed.
Convection in the Cavity Formed Between Two Cylindrical Rollers

This paper describes the flow and temperature distribution in the hourglass-shaped cavity formed between two rollers and two parallel runner surfaces. The cavity fluid is heated uniformly over the roller surfaces, and cooled along the two runners, which are modeled as isothermal. The focus is on the characteristics of the flow (the Reynolds number effect) and the temperature distribution in the fluid, especially at the roller surface. These features are determined numerically. The results document the extent to which the Reynolds number, Prandtl number, geometric aspect ratio, and viscous dissipation number influence the steady-state temperature of the roller surface. It is shown that at Reynolds numbers greater than 100, the cooling effect that the cavity fluid provides to the roller approaches the behavior anticipated based on laminar forced-convection boundary layer theory.
The city of Paris and the rise of clinical medicine.

This article argues that the city of Paris played a unique role in shaping clinical medicine at the Paris hospital at the turn of the nineteenth century. Under outstanding clinicians such as Corvisart, Pinel, Bichat, Desault, Alibert, Bayle, and Laennec, who headed the "Paris School," teaching and research became hospital-based. New methods such as percussion, mediate auscultation, and psychological evaluation were introduced, and autopsies became routine. Chaptal, a physician and minister of internal affairs under the Consulate, played a key role by creating the Paris Hospital and Health Councils, the Central Pharmacy, and central triage for hospital admissions. These municipal councils supervised the practice and teaching of anatomo-clinical medicine and the concomitant social changes involved in the delivery of health care to a city of six hundred thousand inhabitants. These changes included the orderly provision of bodies for dissection, the subordination of nurses to physicians, the teaching of precl...
Stipends and spouses : the finances of American arts and science graduate students

(1962). Stipends and Spouses: The Finances of American Arts and Science Graduate Students. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 33, No. 8, pp. 462-463.
A Study of an Income Expenditure Model

I. Introduction, 434. — II. The description of the model, 435. — III. Determination of the short-run equilibrium, 439. — IV. Conclusion, 452.
The programme for premature infants in Gothenburg, Sweden; the principles of treatment and the results obtained.

Summary Since the commencement of the year 1948, distinctly improved results have been achieved in the care of the premature infants in Gothenburg. An account is given of some new principles of ‘treatment. The value of oxygen administration, particularly gastrointestinal administration, and the theoretical (Table 1) and practical advantages of human colostrum as a nourishing medium for the premature infants are stressed. In order to judge the results of care, the mortality in three other series of premature infants is compared with the author's own series (Table 2). An analysis of the mortality in the different weight groups shows that a very favourable figure was reached in the Gothenburg series in the weight group 1510–2000 g. For the weight groups 1010–1500 and 2010–2500 g, the mortality was lowest in the series from Denver. From the distribution of the deaths with a considerable peak immediately after birth (Fig. 1) and from the nature of the causes of death it appears that disturbances of nutrition and infections were seldom the cause of death. A more substantial reduction of the mortality for premature infants in Gothenburg is only possible by reducing the mortality in the first 48 hours. An intensified cooperation between pediatricians and obstetricians is necessary.
Prediction of the angular vibration of aircraft structures

Abstract With the Bernoulli-Euler beam used as a theoretical model, qualitative relationships have been developed to predict the angular vibration from a prescribed linear vibration response. Based on laboratory and flight test data, the overall accuracy of predictions is within ±20% of the angular vibration measurement. Such a prediction capability may be considered very significant in that the prediction schemes are intended only for qualitative purposes. In addition, due to the difficulties in obtaining accurate angular measurements, the present vibration data are limited to a gross confirmation of predictions.
Microfabricated magnetic sifter for high-throughput and high-gradient magnetic separation

Abstract A microfabricated magnetic sifter has been designed and fabricated for applications in biological sample preparation. The device enables high-throughput, high-gradient magnetic separation of magnetic nanoparticles by utilizing columnar fluid flow through a dense array (∼5000/mm2) of micropatterned slots in a magnetically soft membrane. The potential of the sifter for separation of magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with capture antibodies is demonstrated through quantitative separation experiments with CD138-labeled MACS nanoparticles. Capture efficiencies ranging from 28% to 37% and elution efficiencies greater than 73% were measured for a single pass through the sifter.
Lapatinib, a Dual-Targeted small Molecule Inhibitor of egfr and Her2, in Her2-Amplified Breast Cancer: From Bench to Bedside

The HER-2/neu gene product is a 185 kDa Type I receptor tyrosine kinase which consists of an extracellular domain, transmembrane domain, kinase domain, and cytoplasmic tail. The initial discovery that amplification and subsequent overexpression of the HER-2/neu oncogene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of 20%–25% of breast cancers has since led to significant clinical advances in the management of this subtype of breast cancer. The first approved HER2-targeted therapy, trastuzumab, is a humanized monoclonal antibody against the extracellular domain of HER2 and has demonstrated survival benefits in both the metastatic and adjuvant settings. Lapatinib, a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of both the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 is now also approved for advanced HER2-amplified breast cancer and is currently being evaluated in the adjuvant setting. Importantly, lapatinib has been shown to have activity in women with HER2-amplified breast cancer that is refractory to trastuzumab. In addition, it has been shown to extend survival in the front-line setting in combination with letrozole for estrogen receptor (ER) positive, HER2-positive breast cancer. Here we will review the biologic rationale and pre-clinical data that drove its initial clinical development as well as current clinical data and ongoing studies.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis in Critical Perspective

Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) appears to offer a systematic means for case-oriented analysis. The method not only offers to provide a standardized procedure for qualitative research but al...
Relation between Absorption and Emission Probabilities in Luminescent Centers in Ionic Solids

It is pointed out that the Einstein relationship between spontaneous emission probability and induced absorption probability for radiative transitions is not generally valid for impurity centers in condensed media. An alternative approach to the problem is available by which estimates of the possible discrepancies can be made. Several mechanisms are discussed, particularly the Jahn-Teller effect, which depend on the existence of the phonon field and the lattice relaxation following absorption of a photon. In some simple cases, such as the $F$ center in KCl and LiF, the decay time predicted from the integrated absorption cross section may differ by an order of magnitude from that observed. In other simple and cubic systems, where the atomic symmetries are appropriate, the discrepancy may be even larger. In noncubic crystals similar discrepancies may be expected.