cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Examining care navigation: librarian participation in a teambased approach?

Objective: This study investigated responsibilities, skill sets, degrees, and certifications required of health care navigators in order to identify areas of potential overlap with health sciences librarianship. Method: The authors conducted a content analysis of health care navigator position announcements and developed and assigned forty-eight category terms to represent the sample’s responsibilities and skill sets. Results: Coordination of patient care and a bachelor’s degree were the most common responsibility and degree requirements, respectively. Results also suggest that managing and providing health information resources is an area of overlap between health care navigators and health sciences librarians, and that librarians are well suited to serve on navigation teams. Conclusion: Such overlap may provide an avenue for collaboration between navigators and health sciences librarians.
The Interesting and Puzzle Children Furniture Design

Objective To analyze the application status of children furniture design,put forward a new design concept for a better increase the interesting and puzzle of children furniture design,implement the interesting and puzzle furniture design more suitable for children′s mental and physical development. Methods Starting from children′s toys development situation at home and abroad,according to its different characteristics of design furniture,it put forward the interesting and puzzle furniture design method,elaborated the related design principle and flexible implementation and application,described a few kind of furniture design in detailed,and tested its design effects. Conclusion Full of interesting and puzzle furniture has a positive effect on children′s life,to make the mental development of children have new promotion way,better meet the need of children.
Profiles of Collagen Type III in Cardinal Ligament and Vaginal Walls of Patients with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Objective: To determine the metabolic profiles of type Ⅲ collagen leading to development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in female patients. Methods: Each 13 women who received surgical treatment in this hospital for POP (POP group) and benign uterine disorders (control group) were studied. Bioptic samples of the cardinal ligament and anterior vaginal wall were obtained during operations, subsequently assessed for contents of type Ⅲ collagen using immunohistochemical techniques and that of N-terminal procollagen Ⅲ propeptide (PⅢNP) as a marker of type Ⅲ collagen metabolism using ELISA. Results: The POP group had significantly lower amount of type Ⅲ collagen and higher level of PⅢNP as compared with the controls (both P0.05). Conclusion: The reduced type Ⅲ collagen and higher level of PⅢNP in POP women suggested an increased collagen breakdown, which may negatively affect tissue strength and elasticity of the pelvic floor and may lead to POP.
Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Serum Lipid of Human

Objective To analyze the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) on lipid metabolism.Methods Totally 102 volunteers were randomly assigned into the trial group and the control group according to total cholesterol level in the serum,everyone in the trial group was given one PUFA pill a time and three times a day.After 45 days,blood samples were collected and analyzed.Results The TC level of the trial group decreased 0.65 mmol/L compared with that of the control group,and the TG level decreased 0.31 mmol/L,but the HDL-C level increased 0.24 mmol/L;there were statistically significant differences in the levels of TC,TG,and HDL-C between the two groups(P0.01).Comparison made with the trial group itself before and after the experiment indicated that the levels of TC and TG decreased significantly by 0.80 mmol/L and 0.40 mmol/L,respectively,but the HDL-C level increased significantly by 0.14 mmol/L after trial,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).The effective rates of TC,TG and HDL-C of the trial group were 76.5%,78.4%,and 80.4%,respectively;and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion Polyunsaturated fatty acid has an adjusting effect on blood lipids in human being.
Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy.

Some 30% of patients with cirrhosis die in hepatic coma The clinical pattern is well defined, and the pathophysiology of interactions between liver and brain has been extensively investigated. The challenge now remains to characterize normal brain function. New imaging techniques carry the promise of dramatic breakthroughs.
The Lillehei-Kaster aortic valve prosthesis: Long-term results in 273 patients with 1253 patient-years of follow-up

The Lillehei-Kaster aortic valve prosthesis was inserted in 313 patients between August 1975 and December 1984. Aortic valve replacement alone was done in 193 patients. Additional procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting in 62 patients, mitral valve replacement in 22, mitral valvuloplasty in 8, and miscellaneous procedures in 28. The 273 patients discharged from the hospital are the basis of this report. They have been followed up for 1253 patient-years. The range of follow-up is 1 to 11 years, and the mean is 4.6 years. The 5-year survival rate for all patients was 68%, whereas for aortic valve replacement alone it was 76%. The incidences of embolism, thrombosis, bleeding, periprosthetic leak, valve infection, and reoperation per 100 patient-years were 1.5, 0.2, 2.0, 0.8, 0.7, and 1.3, respectively. The 5-year rates of freedom from embolism, thrombosis, bleeding, periprosthetic leak, valve infection, reoperation, and any valve-related complication were 94%, 99%, 91%, 96%, 97%, 94%, and 76%, respectively. Four of 16 patients who required reoperation had a properly functioning valve whose effective orifice area was too small for the cardiac output. Each of these valves was of the smaller size. There were no instances of mechanical valve failure. The Lillehei-Kaster aortic valve prosthesis is an excellent aortic valve substitute in the larger sizes. It has an extraordinary record for mechanical durability and an excellent resistance to thromboembolism in patients receiving proper anticoagulation. The incidence of perivalvular leak and infection is similar to that of other prosthetic valves. However, it is not to be recommended in the smaller sizes because of an unfavorable ratio of effective orifice area to tissue diameter.
A Mathematical Model for Determining the Pose of a SLDV

A laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) combined with a pair of orthogonal scan mirrors is a scanning LDV (SLDV). A mathematical model based on the scan mirrors configuration for determining the orientation and position of a SLDV in a structure coordinate system (SCS) is presented in this work. Coordinates of a scan point in a scan mirrors coordinate system (SMCS) are derived from the mathematical model and the relation of coordinates of the same scan point in the SMCS and SCS is derived using the rigid transformation theory. A rotation matrix and a translation vector from the SMCS to SCS are obtained by applying the least squares method and singular value decomposition. An experiment to scan a 3D structure was performed with three SLDVs placed at three different locations. Rotation matrices obtained from two different sets of reference points are almost the same at the three locations, which validates that the proposed methodology is reliable. Another experiment to scan a 2D clamped plate was performed and the rotation matrices were calculated from the proposed methodology as a special case, which shows universal applicability of the proposed methodology and extends its application scope from 3D structures to 2D structures.
Legal issues in transfusion medicine. Is blood banking a medical profession

In legislation concerning the transfusion of AIDS, the issue of whether blood banking is a profession has become extremely important. The status of blood banking determines how blood center actions will be judged and what liability rules will be applied. The issue was recently hotly argued in the high courts of Colorado and Florida. The courts' decisions impact not only on the outcome of other lawsuits regarding the transfusion of AIDS against blood banks, but also on the way blood bank practices will be made in the future.
Surgery for Incontinence

Structural urinary incontinence is mainly due to a deficiency of the bladder outlet continence mechanisms. This group comprises bladder exstrophy–epispadias, neurogenic bladder, and others. Patients affected by urinary incontinence should be investigated thoroughly to assess the bladder capacity and contractility and the bladder outlet resistance. Frequently, incontinence is due to a mixture of bladder overactivity and sphincter deficiency. After increasing the bladder outlet resistance, often the detrusor changes its behavior. Medical therapy, including intermittent catheterization, anticholinergics, and botulinum-A toxin, should be tested before bladder outlet surgery is proposed, and it should be reserved only for nonresponders to maximal medical therapy.
Solving dynamic inefficiency with politically sustainable guest worker programs

Abstract An overlapping generations economy that is dynamically inefficient can solve the inefficiency by allowing foreign guest workers every period in order to decrease capital per worker. These policies increase the welfare of all generations and can be politically supported by a young majority under Markov and under trigger strategies that “reward” or “punish” the behavior of previous generations.
Effective slip boundary conditions for sinusoidally corrugated surfaces

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate fluid structure near walls with different types of roughness. Slip depends on both large-scale changes in slope and atomic-scale corrugations that are modulated by local curvature.
Thermal expansion and elastic moduli of electrolyte materials for high and intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell

Abstract The development of thermal stresses in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), and thus their structural stability and reliability, depends directly on the thermal expansion and elastic moduli of the constituent materials. Therefore, it is important to study these properties of SOFC materials. In this study, the thermal expansion and elastic properties of common electrolyte materials, namely yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), scandia and ceria stabilized zirconia (SCSZ) and gadolinia doped ceria (GDC), are reported. High temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was used to show that the cubic structure of YSZ and GDC samples is stable throughout the temperature range of 30–800 °C. However, SCSZ undergoes partial cubic to rhombohedral phase transition at around 300 °C but transferred completely back to cubic phase at around 500 °C upon heating. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of electrolyte materials was measured using thermo-mechanical analyzer (TMA). It was found that the CTE of SCSZ is almost identical to that of YSZ, but lower than that of GDC. Elastic properties (Young's and shear moduli) were determined in the 25–900 °C temperature range using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). Young's and shear moduli of GDC decrease almost linearly with temperature, with an exception of the small anomaly between 100 °C and 300 °C. However, the variation of elastic moduli with temperature was found to be highly non-linear for YSZ and SCSZ with minimum values measured at around 600 °C. The deviation from the linear decrease of elastic moduli with increasing temperature is related to the relaxation of oxygen vacancy complexes and phase transformations.
Poisson point and Poisson processes

This chapter starts with a general description of Poisson point processes. These processes are defined from four natural axioms describing the spatial distribution of so-called Poisson points scattered homogeneously in a random manner across the d-dimensional Euclidean space. They are used for instance as a model for the distribution of stars and galaxies in three dimensions or the distribution of plants and trees in two dimensions. These processes are characterized by a single parameter called the intensity that can be seen as a measure of the density of Poisson points. It is proved that the number of Poisson points in every bounded Borel set is Poisson distributed with parameter proportional to the Lebesgue measure of this set, which explains the name of these processes.
High-Resolution Multi-decadal Simulation of Tropical Cyclones

Recent advances in high-performance computing technologies are enabling multiple climate modeling groups to perform global multi-decadal simulations at tropical cyclone-permitting resolutions. This chapter discusses the developing state of the art of such high-resolution modeling. These global atmospheric models, with horizontal resolutions in the 10–50 km range, simulate strong gradients in temperature and moisture far more realistically than contemporary mainstream climate models at coarser resolution. With these models, simulated tropical cyclones exhibit a surprising degree of realism in terms of both the physical characteristics of individual storms and their long-term statistical behavior. Experience with the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 is used as an example to demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of this new class of climate models.
Detection of miRNA in Mammalian Oocytes and Embryos

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the regulation of many post-transcriptional processes in reproductive cells. Regulation of maternal mRNA translation and activation of zygotic mRNA are essential to successful embryonic development. Moreover, the precise development of embryonic cell and/or tissue lineages requires temporal and spatial control of gene expression, mRNA abundance, and translation into proteins, which is in part regulated via miRNA. Here, we describe some key protocols that can be utilized to detect and quantify miRNA in in vitro produced oocytes and embryos.
A Predicitive Model for Programming Time: A Factor Analytic Approach

Abstract The relationship between software complexity metrics and programming effort is explored. As a measure of programming effort, the development time of a program was systematically associated with software complexity metrics in two distinct modeling scenarios. Predictive models were developed with a set of raw complexity metrics and a set of metrics on a reduced complexity space. The metrics were mapped onto the reduced space through the use of factor analysis. This technique was used to reveal the underlying conceptual domains of the complexity space which was then associated with programming time through regression analysis. A significant relationship between programming effort and program complexity was found. In a direct comparison of two alternate modeling techniques, the reduced factor model was found to have better predictive quality than an association with raw complexity metrics.
Use of a passivation layer to improve thermal stability and quality of a phosphorene/AZO heterojunction diode

Herein, we report the effect of passivation layer composition on thermal stability as measured by Raman spectra of a phosphorene/Al-doped ZnO (AZO) heterostructure. Few-layer phosphorene was formed using micromechanical exfoliation on an AZO film/Si substrate. Samples were passivated by Al2O3, Si3N4, or an Al2O3/Si3N4 stack. Both films were deposited by atomic layer deposition. When these samples were annealed at temperatures in the range from 100 to 550 °C, the nitride-only structure was found to have highest thermal sustainability, demonstrating phonon peaks of out-of-plane (Ag1) and in-plane (B2g and Ag2) modes up to the highest temperature tested (550 °C). This was 100 °C higher than that for the samples with the conventionally used Al2O3 coating. An oxide/nitride stack permitted anneals up to 500 °C. For anneals up to 200 °C, the nitride-only passivated phosphorene film was found to have a significant red shift in all the three peaks. This is attributed to the effects of tensile strain. At annealing temperatures higher than 200 °C, the spectra blue shifted, attaining values close to the bulk peak position; this suggested strain relaxation in the film at higher temperatures. This relaxation was also evident from a reduction in the full-width at half maximum of the Raman phonon peaks at higher annealing temperatures. Further study suggests that this shift may be due to a reduction in the stress of the passivation layer. The improvement in thermal stability is believed to be due to silicon nitride acting as a diffusion barrier, blocking phosphorus out-diffusion. To demonstrate the utility of higher temperature annealing, a phosphorene/AZO heterojunction diode was fabricated with a Si3N4 passivation layer. The passivated device shows a significant improvement of the diode ideality factor with an increased annealing temperature. The improvement of the diode ideality factor is due to the significant reduction of defect concentration at high annealing temperatures. These findings will promote the development of high-performance phosphorene-based heterojunction devices.
The Race of It All: Conversations Between a Mother and Her Son

How are we as mothers of black children to help our children to survive and flourish with dignity in a society that denies their very personhood and has made clear how little their lives really matter? This chapter addresses this question through the conversations that a black mother has with her son from the moment he is born into adulthood. These conversations explore the way in which “race” really matters in the everyday lives of black children and families. In so doing, this chapter suggests a way beyond the “fear” and “hopelessness” that imperils the lives of our sons and daughters, engaging an analysis that is at once personal, historical, literary, and theological.
Academic-Practice Partnerships to Reduce the Shortage of Operating Room Nurses

The operating room (OR) is a unique practice environment for nurses; however, many baccalaureate nursing programs no longer include OR nursing in the curriculum. This is unfortunate because many ORs in the United States are experiencing shortages of nurses. This article describes 3 types of academic-practice partnerships by which nursing students can experience the OR environment. Specific learning opportunities in this area lead to more successful transition into practice for new graduates who select the OR as a career choice.
The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Self-concept on Academic Achievement in Second- and Third-Grade Students

This study examined the influence of intrinsic motivation and perceived competence on subsequent academic achievement among second- and third-grade students participating in a national study of students in gifted programs. Measures of intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, and academic achievement were administered near the beginning and end of one school year. Factor analyses supported the internal validity of the intrinsic motivation and perceived competence measures in subgroups of second- and third-grade students and in students in gifted versus regular education programs. Structural equation modeling indicated that intrinsic motivation influenced perceived competence and that perceived competence influenced subsequent academic achievement.
Role of Retrograde Intubation

When the view into the upper airway is obscured by tumor, blood, or other visual obstructions of the upper airway, it can be helpful to introduce a guide from below the glottis directed cephalad to the mouth or nose, and use this to direct an endotracheal tube (ETT) into the trachea. Although the ETT is passed through the glottis in an antegrade direction, this technique is referred to as retrograde intubation. Retrograde intubation of the trachea was first described in 1960 by Butler and Cirillo [1]. The technique involves introduction of a wire through the cricothyroid membrane or the membranous space between the cricoid cartilage and the first tracheal ring into the airway. The wire is then directed cephalad and is used to help guide an ETT into the trachea. Although infrequently used, retrograde intubation can be an extremely useful tool in the anesthesiologist’s armamentarium for managing difficult airways, and it has been used successfully in many clinical situations. Common indications for the procedure include failure of other airway techniques, anatomical abnormalities, and the presence of blood or secretions in the proximal airway that obscure the glottic structures. Specialized kits are available that include all the necessary equipment for retrograde intubations (e.g., the Cook Retrograde Intubation Set, Cook Incorporated, Bloomington, IN), but the necessary supplies—consisting of a long guide wire approximately 0.38′′ caliber, a needle or large-bore intravenous catheter able to accommodate the guide wire, a hemostat, and a tube exchange catheter—are usually available without one of these kits.
Chapter 4 – The Truth About Tissues

This chapter addresses issues unique to the isolation of RNA from animal tissue; the isolation of RNA from plants tissue is the focus of Chapter 5, Going Green: RNA and the Molecular Biology of Plants. The isolation of high-quality RNA from cells grown in culture is generally far easier to accomplish than is an attempted RNA isolation from tissue. The primary reason is that the three-dimensional architecture of the tissue must be dismantled and removed, compared to disruption of a cell monolayer. Frequently, aggressive methods of homogenization in the presence of rather harsh formulations of lysis buffers are required. Some tissues are notorious for their legendary levels of RNase and reluctance to give up their RNA. Thus the aggressive methods needed to compensate for the unique character of tissue often results in the isolation of total cellular RNA. Tissues can be snap-frozen, or otherwise stabilized and stored at −80°C immediately after harvesting. RNA isolation may then be performed at a more convenient time. RNA isolation from tissue is nonnegotiable when studying diseased tissue, when attempting to ascertain a tissue-specific response to an experimental challenge or other insult, or when trying to characterize the molecular physiology of normal tissue. In addition, the tissue sample itself may be difficult to acquire especially when the “phenomenon” is rare or when patient consent is required. Investigators working with human samples also know all too well of the inherent dangers of working with dangerous infectious agents. In such cases, the mechanics of RNA isolation from tissue samples is modified compared to RNA isolation from cell culture samples for the safety of everyone.
Association of OPRM1, OPRK1 and COMT genes with opioid response is opioid and pain modality specific (N4.001)

Objective: The objective of this study is to explore the pharmacogenetic association of OPRM1, OPRK1 and COMT gene polymorphisms with the response to morphine and butorphanol in healthy adults using three experimental pain modalities. Background: Previous work has suggested that OPRM1, OPRK1 and COMT alter pain perception and analgesic effects from opioids. However, it is unclear to what extent polymorphisms within these genes alter response to different opioids across different pain modalities. Design/Methods: A randomized, double-blind, mixed design was implemented to assess the effect of polymorphisms within OPRM1 (A118G), OPRK1 (rs1051660, rs702764, rs16918875) and COMT (rs4633, rs6269, rs4848, rs4680) on the response to morphine and butorphanol. 108 healthy subjects underwent thermal, pressure and ischemic pain testing prior to and following intravenous administration of morphine, butorphanol and placebo (saline) in counterbalanced order. Post-drug analgesic change scores were created for each pain modality. Linear regression was used to determine associations between these polymorphisms and change scores for morphine and butorphanol, while correcting for race and placebo response specific to each subject. Results: A118G (OPRM1) was associated with changes in pressure pain threshold on the masseter after morphine (P=0.027, Beta=0.29) but not butorphanol. An OPRK1 SNP (rs1051660) was associated with change in heat pain tolerance from morphine (P=0.047, Beta=−0.44) but not butorphanol. Another OPRK1 SNP (rs702764) was associated with change in heat pain threshold after butorphanol (P=0.041, Beta=0.67) but not morphine. Two COMT SNPs (rs4680 and rs6269) were associated with change in ischemic pain threshold from morphine (P =0.019, Beta=−18.83; P=0.021, Beta=20.33 respectively) but not butorphanol. rs4633, rs6269, rs4818 of COMT were associated with altered pressure pain threshold from butorphanol (P=0.015, Beta=0.36; P=0.017, Beta=−0.37; P=0.026, Beta=−0.34, respectively), but not morphine. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the OPRM1, OPRK1 and COMT gene polymorphisms affect pain relief from opioids, and their effects are opioid and pain modality specific. Disclosure: Dr. Ho has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wallace has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fillingim has nothing to disclose.
Filling Holes in Triangular Meshes of Plant Organs

Data missing was always when scanning plant organs by using 3D laser scanner, and this could lead to holes appearing in the mesh surface generated from the scanned point cloud. Basing on the analyzing to the geometrical features of different types of plant organs, a hole-filling algorithm was proposed which based on the normal vector of the mesh to make the repair area as close as possible to the original model of the organs mesh. The algorithm firstly extracts the hole boundary in the surface mesh, and compute the positions of new points based on the normal vector and normal curvature of the mesh boundary, then connects the new points and boundary points to generate a new triangular mesh. Experiments on different plant organs of geometric shapes were taken and new triangular mesh qualities were evaluated. Results show that the algorithm can fill holes in several kinds of scanned plant organs mesh quickly and efficiently.
«Travailler plus pour gagner plus». Análisis cultural de un lema de la campaña presidencial francesa de 2007

«Travailler plus pour gagner plus» («Trabajar mas para ganar mas») fue un lema del candidato de derecha Nicolas Sarkozy durante la campana presidencial francesa de 2007; consistia en exonerar de impuestos las horas de trabajo que el empleado realizara adicionales al tiempo permitido legalmente. En este articulo, se desarrolla un analisis cultural de este lema politico. Su interes linguistico descansa sobre sus dimensiones poeticas y teatrales. Se situa en un contexto cultural rico al remitir a una doxa del discurso de derecha, segun el cual el «modelo social» tiene que ser sustituido por un modelo liberal que a la vez rescate el «valor trabajo». Respondia a preocupaciones economicas y sociales del electorado, respaldadas por los medios de comunicacion. Armandose de tales lemas contundentes, Nicolas Sarkozy afirmaba encarnar una «ruptura» con el presidente saliente Jacques Chirac, pese a representar al mismo partido. Por ultimo, «travailler plus pour gagner plus» ha tenido gran posteridad tanto en la cultura politica como popular.
Assessing the Feasibility and Effectiveness of Two Prenatal Breastfeeding Intervention Apps in Promoting Postpartum In-Hospital Exclusive Breastfeeding.

Purpose: To test the feasibility and possible effects of two iPad®-based breastfeeding interventions for expectant minority women and evaluate (1) the intervention effect on exclusive breastfeeding...
Decreased Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Prescribing Using a Multimodal Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative.

Background Fluoroquinolones are antibiotics prescribed in the outpatient setting, though they have serious side effects. This study evaluates the impact of stewardship interventions on total and inappropriate prescribing of fluoroquinolones in outpatient settings in a large county hospital and health system. Methods In an effort to decrease inappropriate outpatient fluoroquinolone usage, a multimodal antimicrobial stewardship initiative was implemented in November 2016. Education regarding the risks, benefits, and appropriate uses of fluoroquinolones was provided to providers in different outpatient settings, Food and Drug Administration warnings were added to all oral fluoroquinolone orders, an outpatient order set for cystitis treatment was created, and fluoroquinolone susceptibilities were suppressed when appropriate. Charts from October 2016, 2017, and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed if the patient encounter occurred in primary care clinics, emergency departments, or urgent care centers within Parkland Health & Hospital System and a fluoroquinolone was prescribed. Inappropriate use was defined as a fluoroquinolone prescription for cystitis, bronchitis, or sinusitis in a patient without a history of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or multidrug-resistant organisms and without drug allergies that precluded use of other oral antibiotics. Results Total fluoroquinolone prescriptions per 1000 patient visits decreased significantly by 39% (P < .01), and inappropriate fluoroquinolone use decreased from 53% to 34% (P < .01). More than 90% of inappropriate fluoroquinolone prescriptions were given for cystitis, while bronchitis and sinusitis accounted for only 4.4% and 1.6% of inappropriate indications, respectively. Conclusion A multimodal stewardship initiative appears to effectively reduce both total and inappropriate outpatient fluoroquinolone prescriptions.
The D614G mutation in SARS-CoV-2 Spike increases transduction of multiple human cell types

Recently, a novel isolate of the SARS-CoV-2 virus carrying a point mutation in the Spike protein (D614G) has emerged and rapidly surpassed others in prevalence, including the original SARS-CoV-2 isolate from Wuhan, China. This Spike variant is a defining feature of the most prevalent clade (A2a) of SARS-CoV-2 genomes worldwide. Using phylogenomic data, several groups have proposed that the D614G variant may confer increased transmissibility leading to positive selection, while others have claimed that currently available evidence does not support positive selection. Furthermore, in the A2a clade, this mutation is in linkage disequilibrium with a ORF1b protein variant (P314L), making it difficult to discern the functional significance of the Spike D614G mutation from population genetics alone. Here, we perform site-directed mutagenesis on a human codon-optimized spike protein to introduce the D614G variant and produce SARS-CoV-2-pseudotyped lentiviral particles (S-Virus) with this variant and with D614 Spike. We show that in multiple cell lines, including human lung epithelial cells, that S-Virus carrying the D614G mutation is up to 8-fold more effective at transducing cells than wild-type S-Virus. This provides functional evidence that the D614G mutation in the Spike protein increases transduction of human cells. Further we show that the G614 variant is more resistant to cleavage in vitro and in human cells, which may suggest a possible mechanism for the increased transduction. Given that several vaccines in development and in clinical trials are based on the initial (D614) Spike sequence, this result has important implications for the efficacy of these vaccines in protecting against this recent and highly-prevalent SARS-CoV-2 isolate.
Model Compression on Faulty Array-based Neural Network Accelerator

Due to an increase in the size of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), special purpose hardware has gained prominence to accelerate the forward pass of the network like Google’s Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) and Eyeriss. The heart of these accelerators is a Matrix Multiplication unit, which is based on systolic array architecture. This array processor has a grid-like structure, made of individual Processing Elements (PEs) that can be extended along row and column. A lot of work has been done on the computing array implementation and its reliability concerns in the past. However, their fault tolerance perspective with respect to DNNs is not yet fully understood with a fault model. We, in this paper, first present a fault model i.e., different sequences in which faults can occur on the array. We classify the fault modes into random, row, and column, and study their impact on the accuracy of DNNs followed by overheads of the mitigation strategies.Pruning is a process of removing redundant parameters in the model to decrease the network size for efficient performance. Although several pruning techniques have been developed to reduce the inference time on general-purpose and special-purpose systems, model compression (pruning) under faulty scenario has not yet been explored. In the second part of our work, we co-design a Fault based and Array size based Pruning (FPAP) algorithm with an intent of bypassing the faults and removing the internal redundancy at the same time for efficient inference. We compare our method with recent pruning methods under different fault scenarios and array sizes. We achieve a mean speedup of 4.2x where the baselines achieved 1.6x on ConvNet, NiN, AlexNet, VGG16 over Eyeriss in the case of random faults.
Diabetes and Couple Relationships: A Ray of Light

Given my family history, contributions to diabetes such as the current volume excite me and give me hope. It is a ray of light. It is an honor and privilege to offer a few concluding remarks. I do so from the position of an academic with expertise in close relationships and a personal—rather than a long-standing scholarly—interest in diabetes. I will start with the reasons why I like the book. Next, I will: (a) recap the major findings of the book, (b) mention two other aspects of a dyadic approach that I feel complement the authors’ contributions, (c) consider help for diabetic patients and their partners, and (d) suggest future directions for research on couple relationships and diabetes. I will argue that despite the value of a dyadic approach, problems such as diabetes are best tackled using a multilevel approach.
Fundamental Concepts of General Topology

This chapter marks a shift from a study of algebraic structures, and toward topological concepts that serve as the foundation for the geometric structures that feature prominently in the modern-day practice of mathematical physics. The goal of this chapter is to introduce the essential elements of general topology and the properties of topological spaces in a manner appropriate for a reader with no previous background in the subject. Chapters 7 and 8 build on these themes.
UNIT 9.9 Overview of Affinity Tags for Protein Purification

Addition of an affinity tag is a useful method for differentiating recombinant proteins expressed in bacterial and eukaryotic expression systems from the background of total cellular proteins, as well as for detecting protein-protein interactions. This overview describes the historical basis for the development of affinity tags, affinity tags that are commonly used today, how to choose an appropriate affinity tag for a particular purpose, and several recently developed affinity tag technologies that may prove useful in the near future. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 73:9.9.1-9.9.23. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: protein purification; protein detection; affinity chromatography; affinity tag; epitope tag
Reaching the Male Consumer by Way of Daytime TV Soap Operas

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide clear insights into the function and meaning television soap operas in everyday life, particularly for male viewers. Results suggest that male soap opera viewers watch daytime television because viewing makes them feel good, provides an escape, and helps to aid in social conversations, namely with the opposite sex.
Field study on the treatment of the feline ear canker caused by Otodectes cynotis with selamectin (Stronghold

Die Ohrraude, verursacht durch Otodectes cynotis (HERING, 1858), ist eine sehr haufige Erkrankung des auseren Gehorganges bei Katzen. Otodectes cynotis kann als die verbreitetste Raudemilbe bei Fleischfressern angesehen werden. Fur die Behandlung konnen verschiedene Antiparasitika verwendet werden. Ziel der vorliegenden Wirksamkeitsstudie war die Evaluierung von Selamectin (Stronghold® Spot-on) bei der Tilgung von Ohrraudemilben bei Katzen unter Feldbedingungen. Es wurden 16 Katzen mit Ohrmilbenbefall (Otodectes cynotis), die in der regularen tierarztlichen Kleintiersprechstunde vorgestellt wurden, einmalig mit jeweils 6–17,3 mg/kg KM Selamectin (Stronghold® Spot-on) therapiert. Bei den Kontrollen am Tag 14 und Tag 28 post applicationem konnten bei keiner der Katzen mehr Ohrmilben oder deren Entwicklungsstadien nachgewiesen werden. Auch die klinischen Symptome waren bei zehn Tieren weitgehend abgeklungen. Das applizierte Selamectin (Stronghold® Spot-on) erzielte eine 100%ige Beseitigung der Otodectes-cynotis-Milben bei den therapierten Katzen. Die Spot-on-Applikation erwies sich als praktikable Anwendung zur Therapie der felinen Ohrraude. Der Wirkstoff wurde von allen Patienten sehr gut vertragen, ohne dass lokale Hautirritationen an der Applikationsstelle auftraten.
What the Savant Syndrome Can Tell Us About the Nature and Nurture of Talent

Recent research has begun to illuminate the composition and development of exceptional skills in those with intellectual disability. I argue that this research is relevant to more general discussions of talent. First, it provides a special opportunity to deconstruct talent in different domains. Because savants typically lack the general intellectual skills usually present in those with more domain-restricted achievement, this analysis helps to delineate both the core components of talent in those domains and how more general skills affect the expression and development of that talent. Second, savants often have disabilities that can modify the direction of development in unusual ways. Examining these conditions suggests new ways of thinking about how talent may be nurtured.
Computing with Connections

Much of the progress in the fields constituting cognitive science has been based upon the use of explicit information processing models, almost exclusively patterned after conventional serial computers. An extension of these ideas to massively parallel, connectionist models appears to offer a number of advantages. After a preliminary discussion, this paper introduces a general connectionist model and considers how it might be used in cognitive science. Among the issues addressed are: stability and noise-sensitivity, distributed decision-making, time and sequence problems, and the representation of complex concepts.
WHAT KIND OF PERSON COULD BE A TORTURER

What kind of persons could engage in political torture? Not only the morally impaired who lack empathy or compassion, or even the merely obedient, but also the righteous who struggle with conscience, and the realists who set morality aside.
THE DISCOVERY OF EPITHERMAL Au-Cu-Mo PROTEROZOIC DEPOSITS IN THE TAPAJOS PROVINCE, BRAZIL

Following a simple principle that a world class deposit should have a world class signature, in 1997 the author and a group of Rio Tinto exploration geologists selected five outstanding gold bearing structural/geological anomalies in the Tapajos Province, Amazon region, northern Brazil. This simple procedure triggered the discovery of several Au-Cu-Mo-Ag mineralized Proterozoic epithermal deposits. The first discovery was a large, low-grade epithermal gold deposit called V3.
A Blind Maximum Likelihood Carrier Frequency Offset Correction Approach for OFDM Systems over Multipath Fading Channels

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, carrier frequency offset (CFO) destroys the orthogonality between subcarriers and hence introduces intercarrier interference. In this paper, a maximum likelihood CFO correction (ML-CFOC) approach is proposed to compensate for the deleterious effects of CFO. The ML-CFOC method exploits the independence between the desired signals and is based on a novel simplified independent component analysis algorithm. The proposed ML-CFOC approach is successfully implemented for OFDM systems over multipath fading channels without requiring training sequences. Computer simulations are given to illustrate the optimal performance of the ML-CFOC.
Abstract 5058: MTHFR and health behaviors: A meta-analysis of epigenetic risks for breast cancer prevention

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Purpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is one of the most studied low penetrant genes that are critical for methylation pathways for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair and normal cellular development. Methylation pathways are affected by health behaviors such as folate intake, alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking. While there were several meta-analyses on the associations of MTHFR gene variations and BC, by far, no meta-analysis has been noted on the associations of health behaviors and MTHFR gene variations, with breast cancer. Procedure: PubMed databases were searched by using a combination of key words including “breast cancer”, “MTHFR”, “folate”, “alcohol”, “smoking”, and “health determinants”. Initial search resulted 135 articles from 1999 to 2013. Studies were reviewed for case-control studies, and scored for quality using the standard rating indicators from Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Repeated data from same authors and those with poor quality scores were excluded. Inter-rater reliabilities on data coding and quality scores were established for the selection of studies. Findings: Preliminary results included 55 studies for a total of 22,077 breast cancer cases and 25,419 controls including 27 studies with Whites, 21 studies with Asians, and 7 studies with mixed Euramericans. Twelve studies included MTHFR gene counts with folate intake levels for 8,032 cases and 10,482 controls; 5 studies with alcohol consumption for 3,068 cases and 5,157 controls; and 5 studies with tobacco smoking status for 909 cases and 1233 controls. Preliminary analysis indicated that MTHFR 677CT was associated with increased risk of BC (P < 0.005). The results also suggested that low folate intake, heavy alcohol consumption, and tobacco smoking contributed to increased risks for BC. Conclusion: Investigating the epigenetic risks including healthy life style factors in relation to gene variations has the potential to explain the influence of health behaviors on carcinogenesis. Translating the results from the meta-analysis of health behaviors in relation to epigenetics can provide meaningful insights on the prevention of breast cancer. The findings from the meta-analysis per various race-ethnicity groups can be useful for future development of culturally sensitive and personalized interventions to prevent and reverse breast cancer by promoting the healthy methylation pathways for cancer prevention. Citation Format: Mildred Crisostomo Gonzales, S. Pamela Shiao, Amanda Lie. MTHFR and health behaviors: A meta-analysis of epigenetic risks for breast cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5058. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5058
Studies of bronchoalveolar lavage cells and fluids in pulmonary sarcoidosis. I. Enhanced capacity of bronchoalveolar lavage cells from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis to induce angiogenesis in vivo.

The ability to increase the motility of endothelial cells in vitro is a property common to most if not all angiogenesis-inducing factors. Because bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis have an enhanced capacity to induce neovascularization, the BAL fluids from these patients were assessed for their effect on human and murine endothelial cells and fibroblasts obtained from a variety of tissue sources. A recently developed computer-assisted image analysis system was used to determine the extent and pattern of cell migration in a microwell screening assay. Data were obtained for BAL fluids from 10 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and from five normal volunteers. BAL supernatants from patients with active sarcoidosis showed an enhanced (2- to 8-fold) capacity to induce chemokinesis of both endothelial cells and fibroblasts, as measured by increased area of migration and polarized cell movement. There was a marked heterogeneity in the motility of cells from different organ origins, but enhanced cell movement was observed with both endothelial cells and fibroblasts. In contrast, BAL fluids from normal and sarcoid patients were similar in their effect on muscle cells and urothelial cells, whereas pericytes, which responded to BAL fluids from normal subjects or patients with nongranulomatous pulmonary disease, were inhibited by BAL fluids from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. The induction of endothelial cell movement in vitro induced by individual supernatants generally correlated with the capacity of BAL cells from these patients to induce angiogenesis in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrating planning with management

Abstract Various authors have addressed different aspects of formal planning systems, often by looking at only a few of the component parts when prescribing a sequence of action steps to be taken. This paper addresses the subject by examining how the elements of a formal planning system can be linked by focusing on organization processes. The author contends that only such an approach will lead to a coherent, consistent, and comprehensive planning system.
Differentiation-dependent expression of obese (ob) gene by preadipocytes and adipocytes in primary cultures of porcine stromal-vascular cells

Abstract The relationship between obese (ob) gene expression and preadipocyte differentiation was examined in primary cultures of porcine stromal-vascular (S-V) cells by Northern-blot analysis using a pig ob cDNA probe. Isolated adipocytes expressed high levels of ob gene, but S-V cells did not express the ob gene. Cultures were seeded with fetal bovine serum (FBS) plus dexamethasone (Dex) for 3 days followed by ITS (insulin 5 μg/ml, transferrin 5 μg/ml, and selenium 5 ng/ml) treatment for 6 days. Detectable levels of ob mRNA first appeared at day 1 with very low activity of glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH). Levels of ob mRNA increased in parallel with preadipocyte number or GPDH activity at the later times in cultures. The depletion of preadipocytes by complement-mediated cytotoxicity at day 3 of culture resulted in markedly decreased ob mRNA expression. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that ob protein was localized in the cytosol of preadipocytes and adipocytes. These data indicated that the ob gene is expressed by preadipocytes and ob gene expression may be correlated with preadipocyte recruitment as well as fat cell size.
The body‐in‐writing: Miniatures in Mary Norton's borrowers

This essay offers a reading of the miniature in Mary Norton's Borrowers series as a representation of the child's and the woman's body. The miniaturized bodies found in children's fiction and fantasy are symbolic gestures which attempt to subvert the gender categories prescribed by the dominant culture. Miniaturization may be compared to anorexia as a body‐in‐writing that problematizes strategies of power and control which define and monitor women's and children's sexuality.