cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Modeling of Tall Buildings: The Importance of Considering Foundation Systems for Lateral Stiffness

Structural analysis and design is often conducted under the assumption of rigid base boundary conditions, particularly if the foundation system extends to bedrock, though the extent to which the actual flexibility of the soil-foundation system affects the predicted periods of vibration depends on the application. While soil-structure interaction has mostly received attention in seismic applications, lateral flexibility below the ground surface may in some cases influence the dynamic properties of tall, flexible structures, generally greater than 50 stories and dominated by wind loads. This study will explore this issue and develop a hybrid framework within which these effects can be captured and eventually be applied to existing finite element models of two tall buildings in the Chicago Full-Scale Monitoring Program. It is hypothesized that the extent to which the rigid base condition assumption applies in these buildings depends on the relative role of cantilever and frame actions in their structural systems. In this hybrid approach, the lateral and axial flexibility of the foundation systems are first determined in isolation and then introduced to the existing finite element models of the buildings as springs, replacing the rigid boundary conditions assumed by designers in the original finite element model development. The evaluation of the periods predicted by this hybrid framework, validated against companion studies and full-scale data, are used to quantify the sensitivity of foundation modeling to the super-structural system primary deformation mechanisms and soil type. Not only will this study demonstrate the viability of this hybrid approach, but also illustrate situations under which foundation flexibility in various degrees of freedom should be considered in the modeling process.
Monozygotic twins concordant for tracheo-esophageal fistula and discordant for the VATER association.

. Monozygotic female twins were concordant for tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF); and one twin also manifested other anomalies of the VATER association, including agenesis of the female reproductive tract. Review of the literature discloses a familial tendency for recurrence of TEF and a high concordance rate in monozygotic twins, indicating a significant genetic influence for the isolated anomaly. In the case of the VATER association, the sporadic occurrence of affected individuals and discordance in twins implicates the effect of non-genetic factors.
Optimized frequency-shaping circuit topologies for LDOs

Typical low drop-out (LDO) regulator architectures suffer from an inherent load regulation performance limitation. This limitation manifests itself through limited DC open-loop gain, and results from stringent closed-loop bandwidth requirements. The frequency response of the system is highly sensitive to the loading conditions, thereby making proper compensation a laborious endeavor. This paper discusses and addresses the limitation on regulating performance imposed by frequency compensation. Several LDO circuit topologies are subsequently developed to this end. They enhance load regulation performance by relaxing the DC open-loop gain restrictions. The circuit structures essentially alter the frequency response of the system via the error amplifier. A low drop-out regulator adopting an embodiment of the proposed technique was fabricated in the MOSIS 2-/spl mu/m process technology. The system, designed for an output capacitor of 4.7 /spl mu/F, was stable with an equivalent series resistance (ESR) ranging from 0 to 12 /spl Omega/, bypass capacitors ranging from 0 to 2.2 /spl mu/F, and a load current ranging from 0 to 50 mA.
Where are the students: modeling and improving basketball attendance

The University of Virginia athletic department has experienced problems with actual student attendance at men's home basketball games differing greatly from what was expected. There are also problems with admitting students into the general admission student section including maintaining the order of the student line prior to the game, and issues with students camping. The purpose of this project was threefold: to provide the athletic department with the tools necessary to more effectively predict student attendance; to suggest improvements for the existing procedures and policies for student fans; and to help with the campout process. We produced a regression-based prediction model, a framework for the future implementation of a student attendance registration system, and a technology-based solution to support the maintenance of the order of students waiting to enter the arena. Student surveys were instrumental in assuring that the student preferences were considered in all phases of the work.
Physical activity and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: Intermediary roles of disability, fatigue, mood, pain, self-efficacy and social support

Physical activity has been associated with a small improvement in quality of life (QOL) among those with multiple sclerosis (MS). This relationship may be indirect and operate through factors such as disability, fatigue, mood, pain, self-efficacy and social support. The present study examined variables that might account for the relationship between physical activity and QOL in a sample (N = 292) of individuals with a definite diagnosis of MS. The participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days and then completed self-report measures of physical activity, QOL, disability, fatigue, mood, pain, self-efficacy and social support. The data were analysed using covariance modelling in Mplus 3.0. The model provided an excellent fit for the data (chi(2) = 51.33, df = 18, p < 0.001, standardised root mean squared residual = 0.03, comparative fit index = 0.98). Those who were more physically active reported lower levels of disability (gamma = -0.50), depression (gamma = -0.31), fatigue (gamma = -0.46) and pain (gamma = -0.19) and higher levels of social support (gamma = 0.20), self-efficacy for managing MS (gamma = 0.41), and self-efficacy for regular physical activity (gamma = 0.49). In turn, those who reported lower levels of depression (beta = -0.37), anxiety (beta = -0.15), fatigue (beta = -0.16) and pain (beta = -0.08) and higher levels of social support (beta = 0.26) and self-efficacy for controlling MS (beta = 0.17) reported higher levels of QOL. The observed pattern of relationships supports the possibility that physical activity is indirectly associated with improved QOL in individuals with MS via depression, fatigue, pain, social support and self-efficacy for managing MS.
Phosphocreatine represents a thermodynamic and functional improvement over other muscle phosphagens

In vertebrate tissues, the only phosphagen is phosphocreatine (PC), and the corresponding phosphotransferase is creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Among invertebrates, a variety of phosphotransferase reactions are found in addition to CPK, including arginine phosphokinase (APK), glycocyamine phosphokinase (GPK), taurocyamine phosphokinase (TPK) and lombricine phosphokinase (LPK). Although there is some uncertainty about the exact value, the apparent equilibrium constant for the CPK reaction (K'cpk = [creatine][ATP]/[PC][ADP]), under physiological conditions similar to those of vertebrate muscle, ranges from 100 to 160. The corresponding K' value for the APK reaction is somewhat controversial, and K' values for the GPK. TPK and LPK reactions are not known. In this study, conventional and 31P-NMR methods were used to evaluate the equilibrium constants for the APK, GPK, TPK and LPK reactions relative to that of CPK. The corresponding K' values for the APK, GPK, TPK and LPK reactions, expressed as a percentage of K'cpk, are 13, 29, 29 and 32%, respectively. The exclusively invertebrate phosphagens exist as a cohort of thermodynamically more stable compounds. Thus, PC constitutes a thermodynamic (and functional) improvement, in that the CPK reaction is able to buffer ATP at much higher ATP/ADP ratios than are other phosphagens. However, possession of a phosphagen system with a lower K' value may be advantageous under certain specific physiological conditions such as intracellular acidosis.
Experience Based Surface Discernment by a Quadruped Robot

The task of autonomous surface discernment by an AIBO robotic dog is addressed. Different surface textures (plywood board, thin foam, short carpet, shag carpet) as well as different inclines (0 and 10 degrees) are considered. Using a genetic algorithm, gaits are designed which allow the robot to traverse each of these surfaces in an (approximately) optimal fashion. Frequency domain analysis of actuator readings from individual leg joints is performed for data collected using each gait on each surface type. It is found that the spectral content of these signals is significantly dependent on the characteristics of both the gait in use and the surface being walked upon. Using tap-delay Adaline neural networks to integrate actuator readings from 15 independent joints into a set of models of different gait/surface experiences, an algorithm is designed which uses these experiences to yield high classification rates across surface transitions and with low latency
catena-Poly[[bis­(di-4-pyridylamine-κN)(terephthalato-κ2O,O′)nickel(II)]-μ-di-4-pyridylamine-κ2N:N′]

In the title compound, [Ni(C8H4O4)(C10H9N3)3]n, an NiII atom with octa­hedral coordination is bound by one chelating terephthalate (tp) dianion, two monodentate di-4-pyridylamine (dpa) ligands, and two bridging dpa ligands. These link the Ni atoms into one-dimensional [Ni(tp)(dpa)3]n coordination polymer chains that propagate along the b-axis direction. Inter­weaving pairs of chains stack in three dimensions via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding.
A modeling approach for analysis of coupled multiphase fluid flow, heat transfer, and deformation in fractured porous rock

Abstract This paper presents the methodology in which two computer codes—TOUGH2 and FLAC3D—are linked and jointly executed for coupled thermal–hydrologic–mechanical (THM) analysis of multiphase fluid flow, heat transfer, and deformation in fractured and porous rock. TOUGH2 is a well-established code for geohydrological analysis with multiphase, multicomponent fluid flow and heat transport, while FLAC3D is a widely used commercial code that is designed for rock and soil mechanics with thermomechanical and hydromechanical interactions. In this study, the codes are sequentially executed and linked through external coupling modules: one that dictates changes in effective stress as a function of multi-phase pore pressure and thermal expansion, and one that corrects porosity, permeability, and capillary pressure for changes in stress. The capability of a linked TOUGH-FLAC simulator is demonstrated on two complex coupled problems related to injection and storage of carbon dioxide in aquifers and to disposal of nuclear waste in unsaturated fractured porous media.
Proteomic Analysis of Oxidative Stress-resistant Cells A SPECIFIC ROLE FOR ALDOSE REDUCTASE OVEREXPRESSION IN CYTOPROTECTION

We are using a proteomic approach that combines two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry to detect and identify proteins that are differentially expressed in a cell line that is resistant to oxidative stress. The resistant cell line (OC14 cells) was developed previously through chronic exposure of a parent cell line (HA1 cells) to increasing hydrogen peroxide concentrations. Biochemical analyses of this system by other investigators have identified elevated content and activity of several classical antioxidant proteins that have established roles in oxidative stress resistance, but do not provide a complete explanation of this resistance. The proteomics studies described here have identified the enzyme aldose reductase (AR) as 4-fold more abundant in the resistant OC14 cells than in the HA1 controls. Based on this observation, the role of AR in the resistant phenotype was investigated by using a combination of AR induction with ethoxyquin and AR inhibition with Alrestatin to test the cytotoxicity of two oxidation-derived aldehydes: acrolein and glycolaldehyde. The results show that AR induction in HA1 cells provides protection against both acrolein- and glycolaldehyde-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, glutathione depletion sensitizes the cells to the acrolein-induced toxicity, but not the glycolaldehyde-induced toxicity, while AR inhibition sensitizes the cells to both acrolein- and glycolaldehyde-induced. These observations are consistent with a significant role for AR in the oxidative stress-resistant phenotype. These studies also illustrate the productive use of proteomic methods to investigate the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress.
Lateral Position Dependence of MIMO Capacity in a Hallway at 2.4 GHz

We report measurements of the capacity of a 2.4 GHz vertically-polarized 3 times 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in which both ends of the wireless link are located in a hallway. This scenario is of interest due to the increasing mobility of wireless devices, and because hallways have previously been reported to create difficulties for MIMO propagation. In this paper we focus on the variation in capacity as a function of position as one side of the wireless link is moved laterally (i.e., vertically and horizontally) in the hallway. We find not only significant degradation in MIMO capacity due to rank collapse, but also identify considerable variability due to changes in the signal strength. The capacity along a vertical cut is found to be relatively constant about 7.5 plusmn 1 bps/Hz for a reference signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 10 dB at a range of 12 m, which is significantly less than the ideal maximum of 11.5 bps/Hz. The capacity along a horizontal cut is found to be about 6.7 plusmn 3 bps/Hz under the same conditions, dominated by a large-scale signal strength variation which can be attributed to identifiable propagation mechanisms. We also consider the performance relative to simpler rank-1 (diversity/beamforming) schemes, with and without channel state information.
Who Participates and Why: Building a Process Model of Citizen Participation

Initiating and sustaining sufficient levels of participation among residents in low-income and urban neighborhoods have become significant focuses of many initiatives that strive to develop healthy communities. This study examines the factors associated with citizen participation levels in resident leaders and followers in seven low-income neighborhoods in one community. Overall, the findings suggest that different factors facilitate participation in leaders and followers. Leaders are more likely to actively participate in neighborhood and community affairs if they perceive themselves as having the skills needed to organize others and make change happen. Whereas perceived skill levels also matter for followers, these residents are strongly influenced by the norms for activism within their neighborhood. These norms mediate the impact of neighborhood readiness and capacity for change on citizen participation levels. Implications for funders and practitioners interested in promoting healthy communities are discussed.
Zinc levels and infections in hospitalized patients with AIDS

Impaired cellular and humoral immunity and phagocytic function have been attributed to zinc deficiency. This study examined the association between low serum zinc concentration and opportunistic infections in hospitalized patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We examined the records from all 505 inpatient consultations performed by our Nutrition Service from May 1992 through June 1994. The medical records from all 228 patients with AIDS with known serum zinc levels (determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry) were reviewed. The length of HIV seropositivity, most recent CD4 count, presence of diarrhea, and degree of malnutrition were noted. The principal diagnosis accounting for the admission was grouped according to the type of infection: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), viral, fungal, bacterial, and other. Sixty-seven patients (29%) had abnormally low serum zinc levels (LSZ or = 55 and 65 micrograms/dL). There was no significant difference among the groups in CD4 count, length of HIV seropositivity, presence of diarrhea, or severity of malnutrition. Patients with zinc deficiency (LSZ) had a significantly higher incidence of bacterial infection than did patients with normal zinc. Patients with borderline zinc levels had an intermediate incidence of bacterial infection. There were no significant differences among the three groups in the incidence of PCP, viral, or fungal infections. Severe zinc deficiency was noted in 29% and borderline levels in an additional 21% of hospitalized AIDS patients. A low zinc level was not associated with the length of HIV seropositivity, CD4 count, or degree of malnutrition. Hypozincemia was associated with an increased incidence of concomitant systemic bacterial infections.
Regional zinc staining in postmortem hippocampus from schizophrenic patients

Schizophrenia-associated deficits in learning and memory have been associated with a decrease in the volume of the hippocampus, but the specific nature of the neuronal deficit remains unknown. Many critical afferent pathways in the hippocampus contain ionic zinc. Alterations of these pathways could be manifest as a decrease in ionic zinc levels within hippocampal afferent pathways. This possibility was examined in postmortem hippocampal tissue taken from schizophrenic patients, patients with other psychiatric disorders and matched, non-mentally ill subjects using a modified Timm's silver staining method. The three groups exhibited similar patterns of zinc staining within the hippocampal formation as well as similar levels of zinc within the mossy fiber projection system. A greater prevalence of zinc staining within the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was observed in female as compared to male donors and in older as compared to younger donors. The results of the present study demonstrate that loss of ionic zinc within the hippocampus does not appear to be part of the pathology of schizophrenia.
SRA5 encodes the low-Km cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

sra5 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were previously shown to suppress the inefficient growth of ras2 strains on nonfermentable carbon sources and to result in deficient low-Km cyclic AMP (cAMP) phosphodiesterase activity. We have cloned SRA5 by complementation. It maps to the right arm of chromosome XV, tightly linked to PRT1, and its sequence matches the sequence of PDE2, encoding the low-Km cAMP phosphodiesterase. Disruptions of SRA5 allowed ras1 ras2 strains to grow either on rich media supplemented with cAMP or on minimal media without exogenous cAMP. sra5 strains failed to survive prolonged nitrogen starvation in the presence of exogenous cAMP.
Calibrating a sedimentary record of overwash from Southeastern New England using modeled historic hurricane surges

We present a 2000-year record of overwash deposits preserved in a backbarrier salt marsh from southeastern New England. The timing of recent deposits matches well with large hurricane-induced storm surge events documented by local tide gauges in 1991, 1960, 1954, and 1938. Storm surge modeling is used to evaluate the flooding history at the site as well as to assess the pre-instrumental historical record. Storms in 1815, 1727, and 1635 likely caused significant surge that overtopped the barrier, with the timing of coarse-grained overwash deposition correlating well with these events. We infer that twenty-three prehistoric layers mapped across the site were likely also deposited by landfalling hurricanes. Additional records from the area will help to evaluate whether or not temporal trends at the site are a robust representation of hurricane activity for the region. The frequency of overwash at Mattapoisett Marsh, on average 1.5 events per century, is significantly higher than many other overwash-based reconstructions from the western North Atlantic. Further, the Mattapoisett Marsh record does not contain significant multi-centennial gaps in overwash layers. This initial comparison of the data from Mattapoisett marsh with other reconstructions from the western North Atlantic may point toward relatively constant tropical cyclone frequency over the last 2000 years with significant variation in the number of intense tropical cyclones.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Status Modulates Subcellular Localization of and Interaction with Estrogen Receptor α in Breast Cancer Cells

Purpose: Approximately two-thirds of breast cancer patients respond to endocrine therapy, and this population of patients is estrogen receptor (ER) positive. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to hormone therapy. ER hormone responsiveness is widely believed to be influenced by enhanced cross-talk of ER with overexpressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and a subgroup of ER-positive tumors coexpress high HER2. Experimental Design: Breast cancer cells with or without HER2 overexpression were analyzed for ER status, subcellular localization, and interactions with HER2 signaling components by biochemical and immunological methods. Experiments explored the regulatory interactions between the HER2 and ER pathways and the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Results: Stable or transient or natural HER2 overexpression in ER-positive breast cancer cells promoted the nucleus-to-cytoplasm relocalization of ER, enhanced interactions of ER with HER2, inhibited ER transactivation function, and induced resistance to tamoxifen-mediated growth inhibition of breast cancer cells. In addition, HER2 up-regulation resulted in ER interaction with Sos, a component of Ras signaling, and hyperstimulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Conversely, down-regulation of HER2 by the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody Herceptin led to suppression of ERK1/2 stimulation, restoration of ER to the nucleus, and potentiation of the growth-inhibitory action of tamoxifen. Conclusion: The results presented here show for the first time that ER redistribution to the cytoplasm and its interaction with HER2 are important downstream effects of HER2 overexpression, that ERK1/2 is important for ER cytoplasmic localization, and that subcellular localization of ER may play a mechanistic role in determining the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen.
Application of genetic programming to control of vehicle systems

The development of sophisticated and complex 'intelligent' systems often requires effective means to process information and control complicated systems. An 'intelligent' system gathers information and interacts with its environment under the control of microprocessors programmed to process information and to execute control actions or responses to sensory inputs. The authors review briefly the basic principles of genetic algorithms and examine some potential applications of genetic programming for intelligent vehicle systems. They demonstrate the potential of this method by examining a particular problem in detail; the discovery of a control algorithm for an active suspension system. >
Dysregulation of the Microvasculature in Nonlesional Non-Sun-exposed Skin of Patients with Lupus Nephritis

Objective. Membrane endothelial protein C receptor (mEPCR) is highly expressed in peritubular capillaries of kidneys from patients with active and poorly responsive lupus nephritis (LN). We investigated the hypothesis that changes in the microvasculature are widespread with extension to the dermal vasculature. Methods. Skin biopsies from uninvolved skin (buttocks) were performed in 27 patients with LN and 5 healthy controls. Sections were stained with specific antibodies reactive with mEPCR, adiponectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and CD31; then assessed by enumeration of stained blood vessels (percentage positive blood vessels) blinded to knowledge of clinical information. Results. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of blood vessels that stained for mEPCR and ICAM-1 in patients compared to controls [94% vs 59% (p = 0.045) and 81% vs 67% (p = 0.037), respectively]. Adiponectin staining and CD31 staining were similar between the groups (45% vs 43% and 98% vs 92%). Dermal staining for mEPCR was greater in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis than in those with membranous disease (96% vs 60%; p = 0.029). A composite of poor prognostic renal markers and death was significantly associated with greater expression of mEPCR staining. Conclusion. These data are consistent with the notion that in patients with LN, activation of the microvasculature extends beyond the clinically targeted organ. The insidious expression of this widespread vasculopathy may be a contributor to longterm comorbidities.
Invited Commentary: Two Studies of Genetic Control of Birth Weight Where Large Data Sets Were Available

Physical size at birth (primarily birth weight) is a key predictor of infant mortality and morbidity and may serve as a predictor of risk to chronic disease in adulthood. By use of birth records, it is sometimes possible to accumulate large, even massive, data sets that can permit analyses to separate genetic and environmental factors controlling variation in the complex phenotype, birth weight. Two studies of birth records, one from Norway and one from Lebanon, demonstrate how hospital- or registry-based data sets can be used to address fundamental questions about genetic control. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway has birth certificate data dating back to 1967 and allowed nuclear families to be reconstructed by linking children and their parents. Path models were used to estimate heritability of head circumference, along with birth weight and length for over 100,000 reconstructed families. A hospital-based study of birth records in Beirut, Lebanon, collected information on over 10,000 births, including sufficient numbers of marriages between first and second cousins to estimate inbreeding effects. Both of these studies confirm that birth weight is not simply due to the direct effects of the baby's genes but is a complex phenotype reflecting the effects of maternal genes and environments.
Hypothesis Testing When a Linear Regression is Estimated by Biased Estimators

For a broad class of linear biased estimators, we establish conditions under which the F statistic based on biased estimators is identical to the F statistic based on least-squares estimator. Several biased estimators in the literature are shown to satisfy these conditions.
Cross-modal communication: sound frequency influences consumer responses to color lightness

AbstractThis research demonstrates that the synesthetic cross-modal correspondence between sound frequency and color lightness can guide visual attention: high-frequency (low-frequency) sounds guide visual attention toward light-colored (dark-colored) objects. Three eye-tracking studies indicate that this influence is automatic; it arises without goals or conscious awareness, it seems to take precedence over the influence from a simultaneously occurring semantic correspondence, and it even operates despite explicit instructions to the contrary. Two additional studies highlight the potential role for this influence in marketing contexts. In Study 4, the audio frequency in a soundtrack guides visual attention in a commercial, as evidenced by recall of marketing messages. In Study 5, customers in a supermarket exposed to high-frequency (vs. low-frequency) music are more likely to purchase products from a shelf with light (vs. dark) decor.
eLab City: A Platform for Academic Research on Virtual Worlds

Normal.dotm 0 0 1 119 681 University of Texas at Austin 5 1 836 12.0 0 false 18 pt 18 pt 0 0 false false false /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} The eLab City project in Second Life is a laboratory environment for the study of user behavior in virtual worlds. This paper describes the origin and development of the eLab City project, which includes virtual infrastructure constructed in Second Life, a panel of Second Life users who have agreed to participate in research studies, tools for observational data collection, and procedures for fielding research projects. The eLab City panel is described in detail, with discussion of the panel signup process, recruitment, and panelist demographics. A series of research studies have been fielded with eLab City panelists, and cooperation rates for these studies are presented, together with comparison to Web-based studies. We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned and next steps for this research project.
Type 1 diabetes cadaveric human pancreata exhibit a unique exocrine tissue proteomic profile.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder resulting from a self-destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells. The complete proteome of the human pancreas, where both the dysfunctional beta cells and their proximal environment co-exist, remains unknown. Here, we used TMT10-based isobaric labeling and multidimensional LC-MS/MS to quantitatively profile the differences between pancreatic head region tissues from T1D (N = 5) and healthy subjects (N = 5). Among the 5357 (1% false discovery rate) confidently identified proteins, 145 showed statistically significant dysregulation between T1D and healthy subjects. The differentially expressed pancreatic proteome supports the growing notion of a potential role for exocrine pancreas involvement in T1D. This study also demonstrates the utility for this approach to analyze dysregulated proteins as a means to investigate islet biology, pancreatic pathology and T1D pathogenesis.
Public Reporting of Mortality After PCI in Cardiac Arrest and Cardiogenic Shock: An Opinion From the Interventional Council and the Board of Governors of the American College of Cardiology

Current reporting standards imply that death after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a patient with cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock is a PCI complication for the hospital and the interventionist [(1)][1]. However, in many cases, PCI is a bystander event, and most of the mortality in
The Effect of a Small Patch of Realistic Surface Roughness on the Boundary Layer of an Accelerating Flow Over a Flat Plate Model With Elevated Freestream Turbulence

Results are presented of extensive boundary layer measurements taken over a flat, smooth plate model representing the features of the front one-third of a turbine blade and over the model with a small embedded strip of realistic rough surface. The model included elevated freestream turbulence and an accelerating freestream in order to simulate conditions on the suction side of a rotor blade in the first stage of a high-pressure turbine; however, the study was limited by the relatively small size of the patch of realistic surface roughness. The realistic rough surface was developed by scaling actual turbine blade surface data provided by U. S. Air Force Research Laboratory. The results indicate that bypass transition occurred very early in the flow over the model and that the boundary layer remained unstable (transitional) throughout the entire length of the test plate. Results from the rough patch study indicate the boundary layer thickness and momentum thickness Reynolds numbers increased over the rough patch and the shape factor increased over the rough patch but then decreased downstream of the patch. It was also found that flow downstream of the patch experienced a gradual re-transition to laminar-like behavior but in less time and distance than in the smooth plate case. Additionally, the rough patch caused a significant increase in streamwise turbulence intensity and normal turbulence intensity over the rough patch and downstream of the patch. The skin friction coefficient over the rough patch increased by nearly 2.5 times the smooth plate value. Finally, the rough patch caused the Reynolds shear stresses to increase in the region close the plate surface.© 2005 ASME
Extension, inflation and circumferential shearing of an annular cylinder for a class of compressible elastic bodies:

This paper studies the classical problem of extension, inflation, and circumferential shearing of an annular cylinder for a new class of compressible elastic bodies wherein the left Cauchy–Green deformation tensor is given as a function of the Cauchy stress tensor. We use a semi-inverse method to study the problem by assuming forms for both the deformation field and the stress field. Focusing our attention on to three specific constitutive relations and two geometries corresponding to thick and thin annular cylinders, we study the qualitative features of the governing differential equations. The models are chosen so that they exhibit qualitatively different response features, one of them displaying a limiting stretch. The classical assumption that the hoop and axial stresses are nearly constant through the thickness of the thin annular cylinder subjected to inflation holds for this class of elastic bodies too. However, for thick-walled annular cylinders subjected to inflation at constant length and for a ...
Family stress and schizophrenia. Theory and practice.

The association between clearly defined stress factors and a relapsing course of schizophrenia has gained support from recent research. The role of families in moderating this stress and thereby reducing the morbidity of schizophrenia is detailed in this article
Nonprescription drug use among the elderly.

We investigated the extent of the use of nonprescription drugs among an elderly population and the health and social characteristics most related to their use (nonprescription drugs referring to “medicines that don’t require a prescription for slight illnesses”). The study data derive from an interview survey of a random sample of adult members of a large health maintenance organization (HMO). While most of the members we interviewed used nonprescription drugs, only one in eight were categorized as using them “very often,” the category of most frequent use. Nonprescription drug use was more often associated with reports of common, largely self-limiting conditions than with less common symptoms that could be indicative of serious underlying disease. Such drugs appeared to be used in conjunction with, rather than instead of, physician services. The most frequent users also more frequently asked pharmacists for advice, had unfilled prescriptions, and did not follow physicians’ instructions. Emotional and mental health were the most important factors accounting for nonprescription drug use among the elderly, particularly among the most frequent users. The profile of the “most frequent” elderly user is one of having emotional health problems; engaging in self-care, but also receiving professional physician services; and engaging in some questionable health behaviors, but not skeptical of medicine in general. Our findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the emotional needs of the elderly.
A two-dimensional low pass filter model for die-level topography variation resulting from chemical mechanical polishing of ILD films

This paper presents a new two-dimensional (2-D) low pass filter model for the prediction of post-chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) die level wafer topography variation caused by the interconnect metal density of a circuit layout. It is demonstrated that the local smoothing and planarization effects of an ILD polishing process can be characterized accurately (in the frequency domain) by a polynomial equation with a small number of fitted parameters. In this method, the design specific metal density patterns with millions of shapes are first captured in the frequency domain using a 2-D Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). A fitted low pass filter CMP model is then applied to filter/remove short range pattern variation. (Die level topography variations are not removed by CMP effectively). Finally, the post-CMP smoothed topography in the spatial domain is computed from inverse FFT. Model predictions and experimental data are compared in three examples (a) a test structure, (b) a die with shallow trench isolation (c) cumulative topography of a die after ILD1, 1LD2 and ILD3 polishing.
Derivation and validation of the stray light correction algorithm for the thermal infrared sensor onboard Landsat 8

Abstract It has been known and documented that the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) on-board Landsat 8 suffers from a significant stray light problem (Reuter et al., 2015; Montanaro et al., 2014a). The issue appears both as a non-uniform banding artifact across Earth scenes and as a varying absolute radiometric calibration error. A correction algorithm proposed by Montanaro et al. (2015) demonstrated great potential towards removing most of the stray light effects from TIRS image data. It has since been refined and will be implemented operationally into the Landsat Product Generation System in early 2017. The algorithm is trained using near-coincident thermal data (i.e., Terra/MODIS) to develop per-detector functional relationships between incident out-of-field radiance and additional (stray light) signal on the TIRS detectors. Once trained, the functional relationships are used to estimate and remove the stray light signal on a per-detector basis from a scene of interest. The details of the operational stray light correction algorithm are presented here along with validation studies that demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm in removing the stray light artifacts over a stressing range of Landsat/TIRS scene conditions. Results show that the magnitude of the banding artifact is reduced by half on average over the current (uncorrected) product and that the absolute radiometric error is reduced to approximately 0.5% in both spectral bands on average (well below the 2% requirement). All studies presented here indicate that the implementation of the stray light algorithm will lead to greatly improved performance of the TIRS instrument, for both spectral bands.
Missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP among children in the United States.

Abstract Background Simultaneous administration of all age-appropriate doses of vaccines is an effective strategy for raising vaccination coverage. Vaccination coverage for ≥4 dose of DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and acellular pertussis vaccine) among children 19–35 months in the United States has not reached the Healthy People 2020 target of 90%. Risk factors for missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP have not been investigated. Methods A missed opportunity for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP is defined as the failure to administer an age-eligible fourth dose of DTaP, and during the same age-eligible period for the fourth dose of DTaP other recommended and age-appropriate doses of vaccines are given to children. This study used 2001–2014 National Immunization Survey data to describe the trend in missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP from 2001 through 2014, assess the prevalence of children who missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP by selected factors, and recognize significant risk factors for missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP. Results From 2001 to 2014, the prevalence of missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP among children 19–35 months in the United States ranged from 5.7% to 9.0%; across 13 factors considered, the prevalence of missed opportunities varied from 3.3% to 22.9%. Children who were late in receiving the first to third dose of DTaP had significantly higher prevalence of missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP than children who received these doses on-time, with adjusted prevalence ratios for late vs. on-time of 1.7, 1.6, and 3.2, and all P-value Conclusions Improving on-time vaccination of the third dose of DTaP could substantially reduce missed opportunities for simultaneous administration of the fourth dose of DTaP.
FROM SUZHOU TO SHANGHAI: A TALE OF TWO SYSTEMS

Scholars have long assumed that the opening of Shanghai as a treaty port in 1843, followed by the disruption caused by the Taiping Rebellion, led to an abrupt restructuring of China's internal organization and a fundamental change in its relation to the outside world. Looking at developments at Suzhou and Shanghai over the long nineteenth century in parallel, this study argues that this was in fact a far later and much more gradual process than we have heretofore appreciated, the decisive breaks occurring at least a half-century later than usually assumed.
Labor Force Participation and Educational Attainment in the United States

The objectives of this paper are twofold. Aggregate labor force participation rates in the United States are described focusing on educational attainment. A model is developed for decomposing aggregate labor force participation rates for men and women from 1994 to 2014 from a unique perspective by focusing on changes in educational attainment and on changes in the labor force behavior. The findings presented here indicate that men’s aggregate labor force participation rates declined during the 20-year period at all levels of educational attainment, due primarily to changes in population shares. A different picture emerges regarding women. For women with high school or some college or associate degree, it was changes in labor force behavior that dominated changing aggregate labor force participation rates. For women with the lowest and highest levels of educational attainment, less than high school or at least a baccalaureate degree, it was changes in their population shares that drove changes in aggregate labor force participation rates.
A Profile of Mathematics Education Doctoral Graduates’ Background and Preparation in the United States

ABSTRACTThis landmark study of doctoral graduates in mathematics education provides benchmark data that we hope will be useful to the mathematics education community. Five hundred three doctoral gr...
Comparing the Antiseizure and Neuroprotective Efficacy of LY293558, Diazepam, Caramiphen, and LY293558-Caramiphen Combination against Soman in a Rat Model Relevant to the Pediatric Population

The currently Food and Drug Administration-approved anticonvulsant for the treatment of status epilepticus (SE) induced by nerve agents is the benzodiazepine diazepam; however, diazepam does not appear to offer neuroprotective benefits. This is of particular concern with respect to the protection of children because, in the developing brain, synaptic transmission mediated via GABAA receptors, the target of diazepam, is weak. In the present study, we exposed 21-day-old male rats to 1.2 × LD50 soman and compared the antiseizure, antilethality, and neuroprotective efficacy of diazepam (10 mg/kg), LY293558 (an AMPA/GluK1 receptor antagonist; 15 mg/kg), caramiphen (CRM, an antimuscarinic with NMDA receptor-antagonistic properties; 50 mg/kg), and LY293558 (15 mg/kg) + CRM (50 mg/kg), administered 1 hour after exposure. Diazepam, LY293558, and LY293558 + CRM, but not CRM alone, terminated SE; LY293558 + CRM treatment acted significantly faster and produced a survival rate greater than 85%. Thirty days after soman exposure, neurodegeneration in limbic regions was most severe in the CRM-treated group, minimal to severe-depending on the region-in the diazepam group, absent to moderate in the LY293558-treated group, and totally absent in the LY293558 + CRM group. Amygdala and hippocampal atrophy, a severe reduction in spontaneous inhibitory activity in the basolateral amygdala, and increased anxiety-like behavior in the open-field and acoustic startle response tests were present in the diazepam and CRM groups, whereas the LY293558 and LY293558 + CRM groups did not differ from controls. The combined administration of LY293558 and CRM, by blocking mainly AMPA, GluK1, and NMDA receptors, is a very effective anticonvulsant and neuroprotective therapy against soman in young rats.
Race in Contemporary Life

As a social construction, race is part of family genealogy and it creates intergenerational groups and identities for individuals. Racial differences matter in concrete areas of life, such as marriage rates, social class, employment, wealth, and health. Marriage rates vary by race and ethnicity: African Americans marry less than whites, due to external economic constraint; Mexican immigrant women marry younger but for economic rather than cultural reasons. Social class now includes cultural capital in tastes and consumption, which may make it difficult for minorities to fully thrive within white-dominated institutions. Race affects health in environmental ways based on nonhereditary factors. Race-targeted medicine therefore needs to be distinguished from race-based medicine.
Process, Voltage, and Temperature-stable Adaptive Duty Cycle based PUF

A duty cycle controlled pulse width modulator (PWM) is designed and tailored to provide PVT (process, voltage and temperature) stable, duty cycle comparison based PUF primitive for security applications. The proposed circuit uses a current starved ring oscillator whose duty cycle can be controlled over a wide range of 20%–90%. This proposed PVT compensated circuit provides a stable and uniform duty cycle with a worst case error between 1%–2% over an operating temperature range of 0°C-100°C, supply voltage range of 0.95 V-1.05 V, and fast fast (FF) and slow slow (SS) manufacturing process conditions. This proposed reliable and controlled PUF primitive is configurable to accept controlled random digital inputs to provide random and configurable duty cycle output values over a wide range.
Online Computability and Differentiation in the Cantor Space

This paper investigates a notion of differentiation for functions on the Cantor space. We study the existence and complexity of this derivative, particularly for online and computable online functions. It is shown that a random online function has no derivative at any computable point. It is shown that if a computable online function F has derivate \(m>0\) at a weakly 1-random point, then F has derivative m on a set of positive measure. We also explore the family of online functions on the Cantor space which represent real-valued functions.
The ESOP Performance Puzzle in Public Companies

While some authors propose that the existence of an ESOP will add to firm value by aligning the incentives of employees with those of the shareholders, others argue that ESOP participants will use their ownership voice to push for increasing wages and benefits, to the detriment of the shareholders. Previous empirical tests of ESOP performance effects have yielded mixed results. In this paper, we attempt to reconcile the differences by comparing publicly traded ESOP firms to size- and industry-matched peer firms using a matched-pair methodology consistent with that of Spiess and Affleck-Graves (1995) and Barber and Lyon (1997).Specifically, we investigate whether the existence of an ESOP does, in fact, affect public-firm performance and condition in a positive way. By comparing our sample of publicly-traded ESOP firms with their non-ESOP peers, we discover significant differences in operating performance generally favoring the ESOP firms. Most notable are the findings that ESOP firms generally have lower risk, manage growth more conservatively, and have higher return on assets than do non-ESOP publicly-traded companies, all of which support the arguments in favor of incentive alignment and the value of the "ownership culture".