cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GIT compactifications of M0,n and flips

Abstract We use geometric invariant theory (GIT) to construct a large class of compactifications of the moduli space M 0 , n . These compactifications include many previously known examples, as well as many new ones. As a consequence of our GIT approach, we exhibit explicit flips and divisorial contractions between these spaces.
Holmes’s Critical Experience in War: Trauma and the Brain

We visit Holmes’s the Critical Experience in War, a Civil War, the trauma of which, impacted his brain and his sense of the world.
La 'Declaration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne' d'Olympe de Gouges (1791): Une femme entre semi-fiction et dogme politique

This article deconstructs the legal semi-fiction written by Olympe de Gouges: The Declaration of the Rights of Women (1791). Using the French discourse analysis software TROPES, it examines the uni...
Profiles of readiness: Using a blended framework to explore what it takes for faculty to be ready to change instructional practice

In answer to calls for research about professional change, this study addressed the question: What is involved in college science faculty readiness for change in instructional practice? The setting...
Comments on the effects of leader-member exchange and differential treatment on work unit commitment : Distinguishing between neutralizing and moderating effects

Van Breukelen, Konst, and van der Vlist in 2002 examined how members' perceptions of differential treatment from the leader affect the relationship between Leader-Member exchange and work unit commitment. This paper offers commentary, with specific focus on the judgment call for examining continuous effects across all levels of differential treatment. To justify the role of differential treatment as a neutralizer that weakens the influence of Leader-Member exchange on work unit commitment, the regression coefficients of work unit commitment on Leader-Member Exchange should be examined continuously with discriminable differential treatment. As a caution against using "neutralizer" based on the research results presented, "moderator" is suggested as the more appropriate descriptor of the role that differential treatment played. Also, the nature of the interaction between Leader-Member exchange quality and work unit commitment is explored, suggesting research should focus more on the main effects.
Macrophages induce inflammation by efferocytosis of apoptotic prostate cancer cells via HIF-1α stabilization

Abstract Clearance of apoptotic cancer cells by macrophages, known as efferocytosis, fuels the bone-metastatic growth of prostate cancer cells via pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive processes. However, the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, single-cell transcriptomics of bone marrow macrophages undergoing efferocytosis of apoptotic prostate cancer cells revealed a significant enrichment of a cellular response to hypoxia. Here we show that efferocytic macrophages promote HIF-1α stabilization under normoxic conditions through interaction with phosphorylated STAT3. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis of efferocytic HIF-1α-mutant macrophages revealed a reduced expression of the pro-tumorigenic Mif. Furthermore, stabilization of HIF-1α using the HIF-prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, Roxadustat, enhanced MIF expression in macrophages. Finally, macrophages treated with recombinant MIF protein activated NF-κB (p65) signaling and increased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, these findings suggest that the clearance of apoptotic cancer cells by tumor-associated macrophages triggers p-STAT3/HIF-1α/MIF signaling to enhance tumor-promoting inflammation in bone, suggesting this axis as a target for metastatic prostate cancer.
A FAST WHEEL-RAIL FORCES CALCULATION COMPUTER CODE

In the simulations of rail vehicle dynamic behaviour, the computation of wheel-rail forces is repeated many times. Therefore a short calculation time is very important. A fast algorithm and computer code for the computation of wheel-rail forces under known contact geometry and creep and spin conditions is presented in the paper. The proposed method assumes ellipsoidal contact area and normal stress distribution according to Hertz. Because of the short calculation time it can be used instead of simple formulas to improve the accuracy or as a substitution of Kalker's programme FASTSIM to save the computation time. The method has been tested and used in different simulation tools with very good experience. The computer code and some test results given in the appendix allow to apply this method in the user's own computer simulation programmes. For the covering abstract see ITRD E117109.
Combined gain-enhanced power recycling feedbacks for distributed amplifier-based CRLH-leaky wave antennas

A distributed amplifier based CRLH-leaky wave antenna (LWA) equipped simultaneously with two types of power recycling scheme is proposed. By connecting a closed loop to the LWA on the drain side of the distributed amplifier, we can obtain gain enhancement compared to the one directly terminated without the loop. In addition to this, by using a rat-race coupler connected to the gate line, we can have extra +3dB gain increase theoretically. The operation frequency is designed at the broadside frequency of the CRLH-LWA. The methodology is demonstrated through the measurement and simulation in this paper.
A Hybrid Approach to Processing Big Data Graphs on Memory-Restricted Systems

With the advent of big-data, processing large graphs quickly has become increasingly important. Most existing approaches either utilize in-memory processing techniques that can only process graphs that fit completely in RAM, or disk-based techniques that sacrifice performance. In this work, we propose a novel RAM-Disk hybrid approach to graph processing that can scale well from a single shared-memory node to large distributed-memory systems. It works by partitioning the graph into sub graphs that fit in RAM and uses a paging-like technique to load sub graphs. We show that without modifying the algorithms, this approach can scale from small memory-constrained systems (such as tablets) to large-scale distributed machines with 16, 000+ cores.
Deletion mutants of bacteriophage lambda: III. Physical structure of attφ

Abstract Deletion mutants and substitution mutants of bacteriophage λ have been used to examine the physical structure of the att φ site in the λ chromosome which is essential for prophage integration. Integration-defective att mutants were analyzed by constructing heteroduplex DNA molecules containing one wild-type and one mutant strand and examining these heteroduplexes by electron microscopy. The results indicate that att φ is less than 2500 base pairs in length and may be as small as 20 to 50 base pairs. Integration cross-overs between att φ and its bacterial analog, att B , occur within a region which is less than 12 base pairs in length. Moreover, there is no detectable base sequence homology between att φ and att B . These results suggest that λ integration is a truly unique system of recombination.
Introduction and Foreword to Focus Issue on Intercalation Compounds for Rechargeable Batteries

This issue is a first for the Journal of The Electrochemical Society; an issue devoted to a single topic, in this case Battery Intercalation Electrodes. Many of these papers were presented at the 222nd meeting of The Electrochemical Society in Honolulu, Hawaii, in October 2012. This issue is very timely, as 2013 represents 40 years of research on intercalation compounds for battery electrodes. Some of the precursor research that generated interest in solid-state electrochemistry, mixed conductors, “insertion” compounds, and rechargeable batteries came out of the research group of Prof. Bob Huggins at Stanford University. We are very pleased that Bob has contributed to this issue. Out of Bob’s lab in 1972 came a very predictive article “Beta Alumina, Prelude to a Revolution in Solid State Electrochemistry,”1 and several future pioneers in the field. Without the resulting breakthroughs leading to today’s lithium-ion batteries, the portable electronics revolution would not have been enabled.2 In 1972, both Exxon and Bell Laboratories mounted major, but fairly quiet, efforts on lithium battery research. These studies resulted in the discovery of the key role of intercalation reactions3 and the first commercial lithium batteries, and recently showed the longevity of such cells. Figure 1 shows a solar-recharged Li/TiS2 cell clock, built in the mid-1970s and still operating today. Ongoing testing of such cells at Rutgers University have shown that they still retain the majority of their capacity,4 demonstrating the remarkable lifetime of lithium cells. Around 1991, a second breakthrough occurred when SONY embarked on the very successful commercialization of the Li-ion battery5 based on a carbon anode and a LiCoO2 cathode.6 This cell configuration led to lithium-ion batteries becoming the dominant power source for portable devices, driving out NiMH. However, the high cost of cobalt, which is driven by its use in batteries, has resulted in that material being partially replaced by a combination of nickel and manganese, leading to the NMC class of materials such as LiNi0.6Mn0.4Co0.2O2. In addition to lower costs, these compounds are also more thermally stable. Another breakthrough occurred in 1997 with the discovery of the electrochemical activity of the olivine LiFePO4. This discovery enabled the construction of safer large batteries, with a minimal risk of oxygen evolution on charging. Such batteries have found application in all-electric drive HEV buses, where an 11 kWh battery system is used, and over 25 million miles have been driven in the United States. Olivine batteries are also in use in 8 – 32 MW size grid systems; one such system is used in West Virginia for smoothing and load leveling (Fig. 2). Spinel LiM2O4 intercalation compounds remain one of the key players in both positive and negative electrodes of lithium ion batteries since LiMn2O4 was found to be electrochemically active in 1983.8 Today, 4V Spinel is used in electric vehicles such as the Nissan Leaf, and major research efforts are being carried out on both the high
Spare processor allocation for fault tolerance in torus-based multicomputers

Some fault-tolerant architectures use the spare nodes or links to replace the faulty components. This paper gives solutions to spare processor placement problem for torus based networks. Optimal 1-hop spare processor placement methods for multi-dimensional tori and t-hop placement methods for 2D tori are described. In the presence of node failures, a system reconfiguration scheme using spare nodes is also given.
Ballot Secrecy Concerns and Voter Mobilization: New Experimental Evidence About Message Source, Context, and the Duration of Mobilization Effects

Recent research finds that doubts about the integrity of the secret ballot as an institution persist among the American public. We build on this finding by providing novel field experimental evidence about how information about ballot secrecy protections can increase turnout among registered voters who had not previously voted. First, we show that a private group’s mailing designed to address secrecy concerns modestly increased turnout in the highly contested 2012 Wisconsin gubernatorial recall election. Second, we exploit this and an earlier field experiment conducted in Connecticut during the 2010 congressional midterm election season to identify the persistent effects of such messages from both governmental and non-governmental sources. Together, these results provide new evidence about how message source and campaign context affect efforts to mobilize previous non-voters by addressing secrecy concerns, as well as show that attempting to address these beliefs increases long-term participation.
The LAD was a lady and the tasks were III-defined☆

Abstract The theoretical controversies and the factual evidence regarding causal factors and psychological processes in first language development are reconsidered. The informative value of the input is conceived as deriving from relationships between utterances, such as, corrections or closely spaced repetitions of identical syntactic forms. The incremental nature of language acquisition is emphasized and it is concluded that the processing demands faced by the child at each developmental step are much less exorbitant than previously maintained. The tasks of the researcher are redefined in three domains: the conceptualization of cause-effect relationships, the delimitation of the significant input, and the explication of the psychological processes involved in the acquisition of language. Following this theoretical reorientation, the pertinent evidence as to maternal information provision is briefly summarized. The wealth of information encountered in mother-child interactions and the optimal adaptation to the child's developmental levels lead to the conclusion that environmental input is sufficient for filial language acquisition. General learning and cognitive processes can account for this acquisition and no language-specific processes nor innate information needs to be postulated.
An experimental Raman and theoretical DFT study on the self-association of acrylonitrile.

The liquid structure of acrylonitrile (propenenitrile) has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) ab initio calculations with the 6-311++G** basis set. Two different and complementary experimental approaches were undertaken: FT-Raman spectra of 13 acrylonitrile solutions in carbon tetrachloride (concentration range = 0.25-12.0 mol·L -1 ) were studied in detail including principal component analysis (PCA) of the C=N stretching band. Furthermore, dispersive Raman spectra of neat acrylonitrile were obtained at eight different temperatures from 238 up to 343 K. The complex and asymmetric acrylonitrile Raman C≡N stretching band can be decomposed into two components attributed to monomeric and self-associated forms. Ab initio results fully support this assignment and suggest that the self-associated complex is a nonplanar trimer held together by dipole-dipole interactions. At ambient temperature, the composition of acrylonitrile can be expressed as a mixture of 25% monomers and 75% trimers. Close to the boiling point, trimers still represent 65% of the liquid composition. The corresponding enthalpy of association was estimated to be -22 ± 2 kJ·mol -1 .
Pheochromocytoma: A review

Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine producing neuroendocrine tumors that can be adrenal or extra-adrenal in origin. The classic symptoms of pheochromocytoma are headache, palpitation, anxiety and diaphoresis and the tumor can occur at any age with equal gender distribution. In patients with an established mutation or hereditary syndrome the condition may manifest at a younger age than in those with sporadic disease. Pheochromocytoma can be associated with certain genetic syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), neurofibromatosis (NF) and von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. Pheochromocytoma is diagnosed with biochemical confirmation of hormonal excess followed by anatomical localization (CT or MRI). The mainstay of definitive therapy is surgical resection. In this review, we discuss in detail about the symptomatology, diagnosis, genetic aspects and management of pheochromocytoma.
Indigenous knowledge and the near field population response during the 2007 Solomon Islands tsunami

The magnitude 8.1 earthquake and subsequent tsunami killed 52 people when it hit the Solomon Islands on 2 April 2007. That number would have likely been considerably higher were it not for the appropriate reaction of the indigenous coastal populations and a helpful physical geography. Buffering coral reefs reflected some wave energy back to sea, reducing the power of the wave. Hills a short distance behind the coastal villages provided accessible havens. Despite this beneficial physiography, immigrant populations died at disproportionately high rates in comparably damaged areas because they did not recognize the signs of the impeding tsunami. The indigenous population of Tapurai, which lacks a steep barrier reef to reflect the incoming energy, experienced a much more powerful wave, and the population suffered heavy losses. Indigenous knowledge as an integral tool in basin wide tsunami warning systems has the potential to mitigate disasters in the near field. Community-based disaster management plans must be cognizant of educating diverse populations that have different understandings of their environment.
The efficiency of near-field Cassegrainian antennas

The aperture efficiency of a near-field Cassegrainian antenna is approximated with a Fresnel field analysis. Curves are presented which give the efficiency of the system in terms of the amplitude distribution on the feed aperture and the Raleigh distance to the subreflector. It is found that separation between feed aperture and subreflector can be as great as \frac{1}{2}d^{2}/\lambda without excessive loss.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Amygdala Activation in Youths With and Without Bipolar Disorder

Objective Functional magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used to characterize brain activity underlying a variety of psychiatric disorders. A previous functional magnetic resonance imaging study found that amygdala activation during a face-processing task differed between pediatric patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls. We undertook a genome-wide association study to explore the genetic architecture of this neuroimaging phenotype. Method Thirty-nine patients with BD and 29 healthy controls who had previously undergone functional magnetic resonance imaging when viewing a neutral face were genotyped using a genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. After quality control, 104,043 SNPs were tested against normalized amygdala activation scores obtained from the right and left hemispheres. Genetic association was tested with covariates to control for race and ethnicity. Patients and controls were grouped together in the primary analyses. Results Right amygdala activation under the hostility contrast was most strongly associated with an SNP in the gene DOK5 (rs2023454, p = 4.88 × 10 −7 , false discovery rate=0.05). DOK5 encodes a substrate of tropomyosin-related kinase B/C receptors involved in neurotrophin signaling. This SNP accounted for about 33% of the variance in youths with BD and 12% of the variance in healthy youths. Other results (false discovery rate Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide association study of amygdala activation in adolescents with BD. Although preliminary, these data suggest that DOK5 and perhaps several other genes influence the magnitude of amygdala activation during face processing, particularly in those with BD. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and characterize the mechanisms involved.
Organizing a Space of their Own? Global/Local Processes in a Nicaraguan Women’s Organization

This article analyzes the internal, organizational processes within a Nicaraguan women worker’s organization, the Working and Unemployed Women’s Movement, “Maria Elena Cuadra” (MEC) to explore the ways in which place-centered, locally constituted political identities articulate with transnational flows of ideas and discourses to shape actors’ collective practices. MEC’s changing organizational practices reflect the influence of strategies and practices employed in the mass organizations of the FSLN and transnational flows of discourses and ideas about issues such as feminism, personal and political autonomy, and the relationship between individuals and a collective. I explore the impact of members’ experiences within the Sandinista mass organizations on MEC’s organizational practices and analyze MEC’s uneasy relationship with feminist organizations and Northern-based NGOs. While transnational linkages have opened new opportunities for groups like MEC, certain relations of inequality, such as those based o...
Analysis of Alongwind Tall Building Response to Transient Nonstationary Winds

Transient nonstationary extreme winds such as thunderstorm downbursts are responsible for significant structural damage and failures. This study deals with the frequency domain analysis of alongwind tall building response to transient nonstationary winds based on nonstationary random vibration theory. The transient wind fluctuations and associated wind loads are modeled as the sum of deterministic time varying mean and evolutionary random fluctuating components. The alongwind loads on buildings are determined through the approaching winds by using strip theory and taking into account the unsteady force characteristics in terms of aerodynamic admittance and joint acceptance functions. An analysis framework is developed to quantify the time varying mean, evolutionary spectrum, and time varying root-mean-square values of building response. The traditional analysis framework concerning stationary boundary layer winds serves as a special case of this novel framework. Applications of this general framework are addressed to the cases where the mean wind speed is characterized by a time-invariant vertical profile and a single time varying function that also serves as the modulation function for the wind fluctuations. The influence of time varying mean wind speed, mean wind speed vertical profile, and spatial correlation of wind fluctuations on building response is discussed using tall building examples.
Genetic and environmental effects upon reproductive performance of Holstein crossbreds in the Sudan.

Abstract Data from a herd near Khartoum for 1955 to 1977 were evaluated. Climate was semidesert with most rainfall (151 of 165mm) in July through September. Mean maximum daily temperatures ranged from 30.7 (January) to 41.1°C (May); mean minima were 14.6°C (January) and 26.9°C (June). Original base population (1907) was Butana with additions of Butana, Dairy Shorthorn, Ayrshire, Guernsey, and Holstein. Breed groups and % Holstein were 1, 0 to 25%; 2, 26 to 49%; 3, 50%; 4, 51 to 71%. Numbers and mean performance were gestation length, 2474, 279 d; services per conception, 2403, 2.07; calving interval, 4004, 441 d; days open, 3204, 165 d. Calving intervals (1689) were shorter for Group 3 −25 to −31 d as were postpartum days open (−27 to −31 d), and number of services per conception was lower (.21 to .37). These animals were Holstein by Butana crossbreds, so their superior performance could reflect effects of heterosis. Gestation lengths were affected by month of parturition (January > June, 5.6 d), which also affected services per conception (March > August, .75 services). Over time, not gestation length but services per conception, calving interval, and days open increased. Repeatabilities and heritabilities for these measures were .14 and .07; .07 and 0; .10 and 0; .07 and 0. Phenotypic correlation between days open and calving interval was .99 and with gestation length was −.12. Other phenotypic correlations ranged from −.01 to −.04. Heritability of age at first parturition (888) was .31. Estimates were similar to those from temperature dairy areas.
Investigation of basic imaging properties in digital radiography. 5. Characteristic curves of II–TV digital systems

A simple method was devised to determine the characteristic curve of image intensifier (II)-TV digital imaging systems, which relates the output pixel value to the input relative x-ray intensity. To provide a wide range of x-ray intensities incident on the II, we used an aluminum stepwedge consisting of nine steps with thickness increments of 6.3 mm, together with an 0.81-mm-thick copper plate. The x-ray field was narrowly collimated to the area occupied by the stepwedge in order to reduce the effect of veiling glare. The relative x-ray intensities transmitted through each step of the stepwedge were determined by using screen-film systems. The gradient curve of the system was derived from the slope of the characteristic curve. Results obtained with a Siemens Digitron 2 system showed that its characteristic and gradient curves depended upon the matrix size used, but did not change with the II field size. The validity of the characteristic curve was demonstrated by measurement of iodine attenuation curves obtained with the II-TV digital system at different exposure levels.
The Value of Periodical Trap-nesting

Abstract SINCE it has become an established fact that egg production is to a considerable extent inherited, it is necessary, if one is to carry out a progressive breeding program, to know something of the inherent production qualities of each bird. In order to secure this information, some poultrymen have resorted to the use of the trap-nest. However, other poultrymen have found that daily trap-nesting is not practical on their farms, due to the time and expense involved. The author is of the opinion that if some short-cut yet reliable method of trap-nesting were to be adopted more generally, a systematic constructive breeding program would be considerably advanced. In the present paper one more method is suggested in the light of an analysis of records obtained at the National Agricultural Research Center. Many scientific investigators have realized the need of such a simplified method of trap-nesting. One group of investigators have . . .
How do health shocks influence retirement decisions

The financial viability of the nation’s Medicare and Social Security programs has come into question as older adult workers, in particular members of the baby-boomer generation, begin to voluntarily retire. Obviously, any deterioration in the health of older adults will inevitably increase pressure on the Medicare system. However, if older adults respond to changes in their health by reducing their labor supply, than this will also increase demand for the Social Security system. Using data on married and employed couples from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this paper determines how the labor supply of each member of a married couple is influenced by changes in the health, assets and medical expenditures of the other member of the couple. Therefore, adding to the extant literature as we determine how the labor supply of an individual responds to health shocks visited on their spouse. We find that the labor supply of both males and females is influenced by their own health shocks and health shocks suffered by their spouses.
Low temperature MBE of GaAs: a theoretical investigation of RHEED oscillations

Surface dynamics dominate the temporal variation of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity in the low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of (100) gallium arsenide (GaAs). A rate equation model is proposed which includes the presence and dynamics of a physisorbed arsenic (PA) layer riding the growth surface. Using the results of the temporal evolution of the surface, the RHEED intensity is computed based on kinematical theory of electron diffraction with an As-As interplanar distance of 2.48 A for the physisorbed As layer and a (100) Ga-As crystalline interplanar distance of 1.41 A. The model results show ROs at low and high temperatures but not in the intermediate range of 300–450°C which is in good agreement with experiments. At low temperatures, the surface is covered by the PA layer whose vertical distribution across the layers depends upon that of the underlying crystalline surface. Thus a temporal variation of the step density of the crystalline GaAs surface results in step density variation of the PA layer which, in turn, yields ROs. Since the height of the PA layer is uniformly 2.48A in this case, the RHEED beam sees a step height equal to the GaAs interplanar distance of 1.41A, and the specular intensity of the RHEED beam will respond to the temporal variations in the underlying GaAs surface, yielding ROs if the growth is layer-by-layer. At high temperatures the crystalline GaAs is exposed to the RHEED beam due to evaporation of PA layer and the ROs appear due to periodic step density oscillations with a step height of 1.41A which is the Ga-As crystalline interplanar distance. At intermediate temperatures, the partial coverage of the surface by the PA layer and crystalline GaAs, coupled with very different interplanar distances in these layers, results in a complete destructive interference of the RHEED intensity. The RO dependence on the As BEP is also presented and discussed.
The role of psychographic characteristics as determinants of complaint behavior by elderly consumers of physician health care services.

Abstract The authors investigate the influence of various psy-chographic characteristics in distinguishing between those elderly patients who complain about dissatisfying experiences with health care providers and those who do not. Discriminant analysis results suggest that patients who are low in trust in their physicians and who are younger in terms of cognitive age are more likely to complain than are patients who are high in trust and older in terms of cognitive age. In light of these findings, the authors propose a number of managerially-relevant courses of action for health care providers.
Medical intellectuals: resisting medical orientalism.

In this paper, we propose analogies between medical discourse and Edward Said's “Orientalism.” Medical discourse, like Orientalism, tends to favor institutional interests and can be similarly dehumanizing in its reductionism, textual representations, and construction of its subjects. To resist Orientalism, Said recommends that critics—“intellectuals”—adopt the perspective of exile. We apply Said's paradigm of intellectual-as-exile to better understand the work of key physician-authors who cross personal and professional boundaries, who engage with patients in mutually therapeutic relationships, and who take on the public responsibility of representation and advocacy. We call these physician-authors “medical intellectuals” and encourage others to follow in their path.
Analysis of the transient behavior of kidney models

Non -steady-state equations for kidney models are stated. General conservation relations for these equations are derived. Transient equations for the central core model of the renal medulla are developed. Solution of the equations by Laplace transform methods for time invariant volume flows is discussed. The general theory of solving models with time dependent flows by finite difference methods is developed.
Commercially Sterilized Mussel Meats (Mytilus chilensis): A Study on Process Yield

The processing steps most responsible for yield loss in the manufacture of canned mussel meats are the thermal treatments of precooking to remove meats from shells, and thermal processing (retorting) to render the final canned product commercially sterile for long-term shelf stability. The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of different combinations of process variables on the ultimate drained weight in the final mussel product (Mytilu chilensis), while verifying that any differences found were statistically and economically significant. The process variables selected for this study were precooking time, brine salt concentration, and retort temperature. Results indicated 2 combinations of process variables producing the widest difference in final drained weight, designated best combination and worst combination with 35% and 29% yield, respectively. Significance of this difference was determined by employing a Bootstrap methodology, which assumes an empirical distribution of statistical error. A difference of nearly 6 percentage points in total yield was found. This represents a 20% increase in annual sales from the same quantity of raw material, in addition to increase in yield, the conditions for the best process included a retort process time 65% shorter than that for the worst process, this difference in yield could have significant economic impact, important to the mussel canning industry.
Dynamics of ultra-relativistic collisions and signals of deconfinement

Abstract Dynamical descriptions of the matter formation and evolution in nuclear collisions at ultra-relativistic energies are reviewed. After a few introductory remarks, we discuss first the particle production mechanisms in some elementary processes and its possible consequences in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In the second part of this paper, we examine the J / ψ suppression proposed as a signal of quark-gluon plasma formation in light of nuclear collision dynamics.
The intestinal absorption of methionine in chickens provided with permanent Thiry-Vella fistulas.

Die Darmresorption von Methionin und seine Analoge bei Huhnern wurde in vivo untersucht. Das Verhaltnis der mittleren Resorption vonl- undd-Methionin stimmt befriedigend uberein mit aus In-vitro-Versuchen erhaltenen Aussagen uber Kinetik und Konstanten. Es wurden verhaltnismassig niedrige Transportgeschwindigkeiten gemessen fur die N-azetylierten und Hydroxyanalogen von Methionin.
An electron microscope study of the conformational change in bovine serum albumin at low pH.

Electron micrographs have been obtained of bovine serum albumin in solutions of low ionic strength at pH values in the range 1·9 to 6·9. The predominant form of the molecule at neutral pH is found to be a globular particle approximately 60 A in diameter and 45 A high. Below pH 4, the molecule extends to a threadlike form which measures approximately 250 A long and 21 A in diameter at pH 1·9. While the details of the substructure of the acid form of serum albumin are below the resolution limit of the shadowing technique, micrographs indicate that extension must have occurred at several regions within the molecule. Compact doublet monomers are believed to be intermediates in the acid denaturation; similar structures also appear to be formed from native molecules as artifacts of specimen preparation. The proportions of native and denatured particle types found in micrographs of serum albumin are found to change with pH in the same manner as do hydrodynamic properties of the molecule. The configurational change is found to be reversible, and to be complete within 24 seconds after acidification of the albumin solution.
Computers and urban planning

Abstract The use of computers in urban decision-making is examined in relation to the over-all structure of the planning process. A separation is made between activities which are well suited to scientific analysis and computer methods and those which are better suited to processes involving active human intervention. The major emphasis is on long-term planning problems rather than on short-term measures and adaptive controls.
DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN LEARNING TO TEACH ELEMENTARY SCIENCE

The purpose of this research was to understand how preservice elementary teacher experi- ences within the context of reflective science teacher education influence the development of profession- al knowledge. We conducted a case analysis to investigate one preservice teacher's beliefs about science teaching and learning, identify the tensions with which she grappled in learning to teach elementary sci- ence, understand the frames from which she identified problems of practice, and discern how her experi- ences played a role in framing and reframing problems of practice. The teacher, Barbara, encountered ten- sions in thinking about science teaching and learning as a result of inconsistencies between her vision of science teaching and her practice. Confronting these tensions between ideals and realities prompted Bar- bara to rethink the connections between her classroom actions and students' learning and create new per- spectives for viewing her practice. Through reframing, she was able to consider and begin implementing alternative practices more resonant with her beliefs. Barbara's case illustrates the value of understanding prospective teachers' beliefs, their experiences, and the relationship between beliefs and classroom actions. Furthermore, the findings underscore the significance of offering reflective experience as professionals early in the careers of prospective teachers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 121-139, 1999 The heart of knowing how to teach cannot be learned from coursework alone. The con- struction of professional knowledge requires experience: "(The teacher) has to see on his own behalf and in his own way the relation between means and methods employed and results achieved. Nobody else can do that for him" (Dewey, in Schon, 1983, p. 17). Experience plays a significant role in developing professional knowledge. It shapes how teachers see their prac- tice and what they hear from their practice. These interpretive viewpoints, how one sees and lis- tens to practice, are what Schon (1987) referred to as frames. In his work on the nature and growth of professional knowledge, Schon emphasized the significance of frames in interpreting practice and underscored the importance of developing new frames (reframing) in learning from experience. Experience influences the frames that teachers employ in identifying problems of
The Place of Modern Foreign Language in Liberal Education Today

A FEW months ago the situation not merely of foreign languages but indeed of all liberal arts education seemed dark indeed. Inspired no doubt by sincere if misguided enthusiasm for winning the war, such well known figures as Roger Babson and Harry Hopkins pronounced the death sentence on our colleges for the duration. However, it was not long before powerful influences leaped to the defense: Mr. Raymond Gram Swing on the radio, Vice-Chancellor Alex Guerry in an article for the Chattanooga Times, and Mr. Willkie in his magnificent speech at Duke University in defense of liberal training and the open mind. Secretary Stimson who at first seemed to have intended the utilization only of the technical equipment and laboratories of the colleges for military training, has now broadened his whole plan, and the present curriculum for aviation trainees, such as we are now receiving at the University of Chattanooga, is in many respects admirable in its diversity since it includes not merely physics and mathematics, but also geography, history and English. The navy program soon to be announced will be similar, though even broader in its scope. Yet while expressing my appreciation for the recognition of our colleges by the armed services, I wish to emphasize one point which I think has been too often overlooked, namely the vital importance of modern foreign languages in the educational pattern, not only for the prosecution of the war but also for the kind of world we shall live in after the peace. I should be quite willing to rest the claim of modern and indeed of classical languages on their purely cultural values, were it not that our present age of conflict and national crisis requires us to reexamine all our resources and determine which must be temporarily laid aside and which are on a priority list. It would not be difficult, I think, to prove that the possession of one modern language, French, German or Spanish is almost indispensable to the cultivated man or woman, not only to appreciate the literature and culture of foreign civilization, but indeed to understand fully the richness and grammatical structure of one's own mother tongue. In any plan of education, it is language which gives the key that unlocks many doors, and in one sense literature, the product of language, is the record of all the progress which mankind has made in knowledge, as well as in the creation of permanent beauty. Yet the skeptic may say, "All this is very fine, but the study of foreign
Generalized likelihood ratio method for gross error identification

Une nouvelle methode statistique est utilisee pour detecter, identifier et estimer les grosses erreurs (erreurs systematiques et fuites) qui peuvent se presenter dans les procedes chimiques en regime permanent. Developpement d'un modele mathematique pour decrire les fuites et les erreurs systematiques. Une nouvelle strategie de detection de grosses erreurs multiples basee sur la compensation serielle des grosses erreurs est aussi proposee
Mechanisms of adverse effects during hemapheresis

For over 20 years blood components have been collected from normal donors by automated hemapheresis. Cell separators have become increasingly sophisticated, and relatively pure component "concentrates" can be obtained quite safely. Cytapheresis donors are monitored carefully, and serious reactions are very rare. In contrast, therapeutic apheresis procedures may be technically demanding and frequently are performed on very sick patients. Large volumes of blood are rapidly removed from the patient, anticoagulated, and separated into components by the automated cell separator. The blood component containing the pathogenetic factor (e.g., plasma containing an antibody) is retained outside of the body, and the remaining components (e.g., red cells, white cells, and platelets) plus the replacement fluid are reinfused. Complications can occur in normal cytapheresis donors because of the technical challenges of the procedure (e.g., extracorporeal circuit to be filled, use of citrate anticoagulant, need for large bore intravascular access, and rapid blood flow rates). All of these factors apply also to therapeutic patients plus the additional requirement for replacement fluids, and the clinical features of the underlying illness for which each patient is being treated. Fortunately, even with therapeutic patients, most complications are of modest severity and are easily managed with only temporary slowing or interruption of the hemapheresis procedure.
Participatory responses in text understanding

Abstract In the course of understanding a narrative, readers generate participatory responses (or p-responses ) that arise as a consequence of involvement in the text. For example, a reader might express a mental preference that one of a pair of combatants win a battle. In three experiments we showed that readers' p-responses, in the form of preferences about how stories will turn out, can interfere with verification of previously known information about the actual outcomes of those stories. Experiment 1 demonstrated that when readers were made to prefer a negative outcome, verification was impaired following a brief delay. In Experiment 2, impaired verification was also found when subjects confirmed the outcomes immediately after each story. In Experiment 3, preferences for negative outcomes failed to produce longer verification latencies for information that was not related to the stories' outcomes.
Muonium-antimuonium oscillations in an extended minimal supersymmetric standard model with right-handed neutrinos

The electron and muon number violating muonium-antimuonium oscillation process in an extended minimal supersymmetric standard model is investigated. The minimal supersymmetric standard model is modified by the inclusion of three right-handed neutrino superfields. While the model allows the neutrino mass terms to mix among the different generations, the sneutrino and slepton mass terms have only intragenerational lepton number violation and not intergenerational lepton number mixing. Thus, the muonium-antimuonium conversion can then be used to constrain those model parameters, which avoid further constraints from the $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decay bounds. For a wide range of parameter values, the contributions to the muonium-antimuonium oscillation time scale are at least 2 orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of current experiments. However, if the ratio of the two Higgs field vacuum expectation values, $\mathrm{tan}﻿\ensuremath{\beta}$, is very small, there is a limited possibility that the contributions are large enough for the present experimental limit to provide an inequality relating $\mathrm{tan}﻿\ensuremath{\beta}$ to the light neutrino mass scale ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, which is generated by the seesaw mechanism. The resultant lower bound on $\mathrm{tan}﻿\ensuremath{\beta}$ as a function of ${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ is more stringent than the analogous bounds arising from the muon and electron anomalous magnetic moments as computed using this model.
Erasable optical disks for data storage: principles and applications

Discussion d'un schema multi-couches ayant des caracteristiques thermiques superieures et un rapport signal-bruit ameliore. La recherche potentielle et les issues de developpement sont aussi indiquees
An Elemenatry Proof of the Prime Number Theorem with a Remainder Term.

An elementary proof of the prime number theorem in the form $$\psi (x) - x = O(x exp\{ - (\log x)^{\tfrac{1}{7}} (log log x)^{ - 2} \} )$$ is given. The proof uses a generalization of Selberg's formula and a tauberian argument.
Possible causes of apoptotic volume decrease: an attempt at quantitative review.

Cell shrinkage and dehydration are essential characteristics of apoptosis, and loss of as much as half of the initial cell volume is not uncommon. This phenomenon is usually explained by efflux of ...
Unflinching Empathy: Counselors and Tortured Refugees.

In the article “Refugee Survivors of Torture: Trauma and Treatment,” W. Gorman (2001) consolidates liberation theory, multiculturalism, and traumatology into a treatment framework that draws from P. Freire (1973); A. J. Marsella, M. J. Friedman, E. T. Gerrity, and R. Scurfield (1996); and J. L. Herman (1992). This article focuses on several questions addressed by Gorman: What is the impact of torture on refugees; what multicultural principles are relevant to treatment; and what can sequenced models of trauma treatment offer to the torture survivor? It concludes with suggestions for counselors to consider regarding acculturation, resilience, and the role of mind and body in the treatment of tortured refugees.
Mediated crafts: digital practices around creative handwork

In this submission, I discuss my design research and fieldwork investigating mediated crafts' - digital practices around creative handwork. Specifically, I study how creating and sharing digital information around knitting or crochet activity affects the social and material relationships enacted through craft. Here I review my qualitative research on the role of digital resources in creative handwork and the iterative design of Spyn, mobile phone software that associates digital records of the creative process' - captured through audio/visual media, text, and geographic data' - with physical locations on handmade fabric.
On the use of MANOVA in the analysis of multiple-response simulation experiments

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to simulation analysis. The paper discusses an illustrative simulation experiment of an M/M/s queueing system, in which three system configurations are crossed with two queue disciplines to produce a 3 x 2 factorial design. Since there are several output variables of interest, namely average number of waiting demands, average time in system, and the proportion of demands forced to wait more than a specified amount of time, a multivariate statistical technique must be used. The necessity and advantage of using this multivariate tool, rather than treating the simulation experiment as several univariate-response experiments, is discussed.