cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Weather Forecasting Models and General Circulation Models

Weather forecasting models and the highest generation of climate models called general circulation models (GCMs) are similar in many ways. Both types of models use the same Seven Basic Equations to simulate atmospheric motion and energy, moisture, and momentum exchanges. The most fundamental differences between GCMs and weather forecasting models involve the difference in temporal scale. Unlike a weather forecasting model, a GCM would not attempt to project the temperature of a specific day, even if prediction of daily conditions could somehow be made accurately to the distant future. In addition, the amount of time into the future at which a prediction is made—the time step—varies markedly between weather forecasting models and GCMs. Similarly, spatial resolution—the data availability over space and density of points over which the calculations are made—in a weather forecasting model is likely to be better than that in a GCM. The importance of accuracy in the initial conditions (initialization) is also somewhat relaxed in GCMs. Another fundamental difference is the importance of representing interactions and feedbacks—or coupling—between the atmosphere and the lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. At meteorological time scales, such influences are often negligible compared to other errors that result from erroneous input data, poor parameterization techniques, and/or poorly understood physical processes, but these interactions and feedbacks can be extremely important over longer time periods. Great and rapid progress is being made in forecasting both weather and climate.
The psychology of moderate prediction. II, Leniency and uncertainty

Abstract In this paper we demonstrate that intuitive numerical predictions can be somewhat regressive. This moderation of predictions is asymmetric: predictions are more regressive at low than at high values of the predictor. This pattern is analyzed in terms of the operation of multiple heuristics. The representativeness heuristic is responsible for predictions in which extremity of the predicted variable is matched to extremity of the predictor. Matching is modified by a variety of intuitions that promote moderation per se; we lump these together under the heading of weak regressiveness . Third is leniency , a heuristic suggesting that the higher the uncertainty, the more positive should be the predictions. The first experiment demonstrates leniency in isolation from the other heuristics: in multivariate prediction, inconsistent predictors yield more positive predictions. Experiment 2 demonstrates asymmetric regression in a situation where all three heuristics are assumed to have effects. The third experiment exhibits leniency in the context of explanation of regression phenomena (rather than in numerical prediction). The final experiment explores the relation between the three heuristics and experience with multiple determination (Ganzach & Krantz, in press). It demonstrates increased moderation of predictions when subjects are required to generate a predicted value of an intermediate variable, for example, when the prediction of GPA from Intelligence is made subsequent to a prediction of Motivation.
What is a “Real” Argument?

Numerous informal logicians and argumentation theorists restrict their theorizing to what they call “real” arguments. But is there a clear distinction to be made between “real” and “non-real” arguments?Here I explore four possible accounts of the alleged distinction and argue that none can serve the theoretical uses to which the distinction is most often put.
Echoes from the Past: Podcasting in the African American Studies Classroom

Podcasting has been used to deliver lectures in traditional face-to-face, hybrid, and distance-learning classrooms. However, an increasing amount of research has explored the educational benefits of student-created podcasts. Jarvis and Dickie (2010) have noted that podcasting can allow access to deeper modes of learning. In addition to digital literacy skills, podcasting has been shown to promote confidence and provide greater motivation for participating in the course (Lee et al, 2008). When implementing technology in the classroom my primary goal as an educator is to use it in service of the core content. As a result, this podcasting project firmly places African American Culture at the center at both phases of the project: learning how to use the podcasting software and creating a podcast to share with the class. This quick hit describes the use of podcasting using Audacity, a free audio-editing software program, as implemented in an African American Culture class made up of 35 students. The ethnography podcast replaced a typical research paper with the aim to achieve this greater motivation and engage deeper modes of learning by asking students to explore their connections to the African American communities around them. Making It Work
Third-Hand Smoke: Old Smoke, New Concerns

While the effects of active smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) are well documented, the concept of third-hand smoke (THS) is a relatively new phenomenon in the environmental and public health field. This notion was coined in 2009 (Winickoff et al. in Pediatrics 123(1):e74-e79, 2009) but was not really brought to light until the New York Times published an article on the topic (Rabin in A new cigarette hazard: 'third-hand smoke'. The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/03/health/research/03smoke.html?_r=0 , 2009). Research on THS is fairly new and currently only limited animal studies have been performed that explore the health impacts associated with an individual THS-specific component. The public at large has a limited understanding of this new concept. As such, attitudes and beliefs surrounding THS exposure are still immature. Future research must be conducted to facilitate hazard identification, exposure and risk assessment to address its health impact on susceptible populations and to differentiate THS versus active smoking and SHS. In addition, policies and laws concerning tobacco smoke will need to be reviewed, possibly revised with the role of THS considered as an indispensable component of a broader tobacco control strategy.
Flame extinction by sodium bicarbonate powder in a cup burner

An apparatus was developed for testing the extinction efficiency of a solid powder in a coflowing nonpremixed flame. Extinction measurements were performed by adding agent quasistatically to the oxidizer stream until flame extinction was observed. The concentration of powder agent was monitored by laser transmission. Extinction measurements were performed on flames burning both liquids and gases using sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) powder as the extinguishing agent. For comparison, extinction measurements were also conducted using the gaseous agents, CF 3 Br (halon 1301) and N 2 . Tests were conducted using a number of fuels including heptane, two jet fuels (JP-8 and JP-5), two hydraulic fluids (83282 and 5606), as well as propane. The agent extinction requirements for the two small particle sizes tested here were highly similar. The results showed that on average, NaHCO 3 was three times more effective than CF 3 Br and five times more effective than N 2 on a mass basis in extinguishing flames burning the various fuels. An estimate of agent behavior based on the effectiveness of inert N 2 showed that whereas CF 3 Br acted primarily through chemical kinetic effects, only half of the effectiveness of NaHCO 3 could be attributed to kinetics.
Lymphocytes bearing receptors for both sheep erythrocytes and complement in patients with neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases.

Abstract To identify lymphoid cells bearing receptors for both sheep erythrocytes (sE) and complement (C′), a combined rosette assay was developed using uncoated sE and chicken erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement (cEAC′). Cells with both receptors were present in low percentages in the blood of normal individuals. Tissues and/or blood from 543 patients with various diseases were studied using the combined rosette assay. Large numbers of malignant cells were found to carry receptors for both C′ and sE in four patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies. Two were children with lymphoma who had mediastinal masses. The other two were adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia; their cells also carried surface immunoglobulin and Fc receptors. In these four patients double or multiple receptor lymphocytes may represent a clonal proliferation of subsets of lymphocytes present in small numbers under normal conditions. An increase in double receptor lymphocytes was rare in the non-neoplastic conditions studied and seen only in children. Double receptor lymphocytes may represent an immature or “stem” cell lymphocyte subset.
Dosing of contrast material to prevent contrast nephropathy in patients with renal disease.

Abstract purpose; Contrast-induced renal dysfunction has been reported to occur in 15% to 42% of patients with underlying azotemia, but there is disagreement as to whether its incidence is reduced by limiting the amount of contrast material. To adjust the amount of contrast material to the severity of azotemia, we have utilized the following formula to calculate a contrast material "limit" in patients with renal disease: Contrast material limit=5 mL of contrast/kg body weight (maximum, 300 mL)serum creatinine (mg/dL) patients and methods: Over a 10-year period, 115 patients (53 men, 62 women, aged 61 ± 11 [mean ± SD] years) with renal dysfunction (baseline serum creatinine level greater than or equal to 1.8 mg/dL) underwent cardiac catherization and angiography, after which the level serum creatinine was measured daily for five days. The amount of contrast material that was given adhered to the limit in 86 patients (Group I) and exceeded it in 29 (Group II). results: Contrast-induced renal dysfunction (an increase in serum creatinine greater than or equal to 1.0 mg/dL) occurred in two (2%) patients in Group I and in six (21%) patients in Group II (p conclusions: Thus, contrast-induced renal dysfunction occurs infrequently if the amount of contrast material is limited in accordance with the degree of azotemia. Diabetic patients have a high incidence of contrast nephropathy, particularly when they receive an excessive amount of contrast. In patients with diabetes and renal impairment, it may be preferable to perform angiography as a staged procedure or to utilize alternative (non-contrast) techniques to obtain the desired information rather than to exceed the prescribed contrast limit.
A gene transcription signature associated with hormone independence in a subset of both breast and prostate cancers

The development of resistance to hormone therapy in both breast and prostate cancers is attributed to tens of thousands of patient deaths every year. From analyses of global gene expression profile data, a nonrandom amount of overlap was observed between the set of genes associated with estrogen receptor negative (ER-), hormone independent breast cancer and the set of genes associated with androgen independent (AI) prostate cancer. A set of 81 genes was identified that were differentially expressed between ER- and ER+ clinical breast tumors and breast cancer cell lines and that showed concordant expression in AI versus AS (androgen sensitive) prostate cell lines. This common gene signature of hormone independence was used to identify a subset of clinically localized primary prostate tumors that shared extensive similarities in gene transcription with both ER- breast and AI prostate cell lines and that tended to show concurrent deactivation of the androgen signaling pathway. Both ER- breast and AI prostate cell lines were significantly enriched for transcriptional targets of signaling via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This study indicates that the growth- and survival-promoting functions of hormone receptors can be bypassed in a subset of both breast and prostate cancers by the same growth factor signaling pathways, which holds implications for the use of targeted therapy regimens.
The surgical treatment of peripheral embolism

Abstract 1. 1. The symptoms and differential diagnosis of acute arterial embolism are described. 2. 2. Surgical treatment is preferred to conservative treatment. 3. 3. Surgical technic and after-care are detailed. 4. 4. Experience with twenty-six patients and personal observations on sixteen are described. 5. 5. The case history of a patient on whom embolectomy was performed sixty hours after the lodgment, with recovery, is presented.
House mouse damage to insulation, II

Abstract House mice (Mus musculus) were introduced into 10, 10·2 cm thick insulated panels and provided unlimited food and water for 6 months. Mouse populations increased three- to four-fold inside the insulated panels. Aluminum foil vapor barriers were severely damaged by mice and in all cases, reduced to less than half of their original mass. All of the insulation materials tested (insulation board, fiberglass batt, rockwool, beadboard and vermiculite) sustained significant levels of damage (p
Relationship between Using Conceptual Comprehension of Academic Material and Thinking Abstractly about Global Life Issues

The study explored whether more frequent use of conceptual comprehension of academic material generalized to greater use of abstract thinking about global life issues, such as death, goal in life, marriage, AIDS, etc. Undergraduate and graduate students (28 men and 61 women) voluntarily completed a questionnaire which assessed their conceptualizations using three indices. These were an intelligence scale and two learning style indices, namely, Deep Processing and Elaborative Processing of R. R. Schmeck. Also assessed were their levels of abstract thinking about Death Issues and about Other Real Life Issues, and their Denial of Death and their Denial of Dying. All three indices of conceptualization correlated with thinking more abstractly about Other Real Life Issues, but only Elaborative Processing correlated with thinking more abstractly about Death Issues. None of the three indices correlated with Denial of Death or Denial of Dying. It appears conceptualization skills were selectively generalized.
Successful desensitization to antithymocyte globulin in a child with aplastic anemia

A plastic anemia was first described in 1888, and since then there have been between 500 and 2500 cases of the disease reported each year.[1][1] Characterized by bone marrow aplasia and peripheral blood pancytopenia, aplastic anemia is considered to be an immune-mediated bone marrow disease.[2][2]
Developing a Collaborative Relationship between a Rural Hospital and a University

Abstract The U.S. Department of Education and the Health Resources and Services Administration are encouraging collaborative relationships between nursing education and service. This article explains how a rural hospital and the nursing department of a public university worked together in utilizing SimMan ® to create a collaborative biannual competency event for the registered nurses at the hospital. Three different perspectives are given in this article; one perspective is offered by an assistant professor at the university, another by the division director of nursing of the rural hospital, and a third by an emergency medical technician–paramedic employed by the rural hospital. Given the cost of technologies such as SimMan ® and the need to break out of our educational and service silos, collaborative relationships are imperative in the future of health care.
Metabolic Adaptations in the Absence of Perilipin: INCREASED β-OXIDATION AND DECREASED HEPATIC GLUCOSE PRODUCTION ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPHERAL INSULIN RESISTANCE BUT NORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN PERILIPIN-NULL MICE *

Targeted disruption of the lipid droplet protein, perilipin, in mice leads to constitutional lipolysis associated with marked reduction in white adipose tissue as a result of unbridled lipolysis. To investigate the metabolic adaptations in response to the constitutive lipolysis, we studied perilipin-null (plin–/–) mice in terms of their fatty acid oxidation and glycerol and glucose metabolism homeostasis by using dynamic biochemical testing and clamp and tracer infusion methods. plin–/– mice showed increased β-oxidation in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue resulting from a coordinated regulation of the enzymes and proteins involved in β-oxidation. The increased β-oxidation helped remove the extra free fatty acids created by the constitutive lipolysis. An increase in the expression of the transcripts for uncoupling proteins-2 and -3 also accompanied this increase in fatty acid oxidation. Adult plin–/– mice had normal plasma glucose but a reduced basal hepatic glucose production (46% that of plin+/+). Insulin infusion during low dose hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp further lowered the glucose production in plin–/– mice, but plin–/– mice also showed a 36% decrease (p
Multiloop photolithography control using hierarchical context information for APC models

Automated process control loops running in semiconductor manufacturing facilities must be able to compensate for machine variations as well as identify differences between products. With a number of exposure tools, pattern levels, and active devices manufactured in a typical ASIC fab, for photo APC system must maintain thousands of control loops. Control loop context information in TI's Semiconductor Manufacturing System (SMS) is defined in a hierarchal fashion which allows default values in a manufacturing specification to be overridden for particular products or lots. ProcessWORKS APC software automatically adds new control loops for new devices and pattern levels to a defined model structure. This system scales well and supports hundreds of thousands of control loops from a single database server in TI fabs. Application of product specific control systems for alignment and exposure control has provided increased exposure capacity due to decreased reworks and setup time, a substantial reduction in engineering maintenance and improved process capability. The APC system has evolved into a requirement for leading edge photolithography processes in Texas Instruments.© (2003) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Retirement, Inheritance, and Intergenerational Conflict in Preindustrial Japan

The timing of inheritance is important in preindustrial peasant societies both because it is part of a mechanism which links fertility to mortality levels and because it provokes intergenerational conflict. Population registers covering a Japanese village from 1671 to 1871 show that the heir's inheritance and his mar riage are not precipitated by the death of the household head, but by his retirement. Retirement occurs not at the behest of the junior generation in response to the heir's maturity or his attainment of the age of marriage, but at the behest of the senior generation, when the household head reaches the age of 60. This age is culturally marked and widely observed. Since both father and son can anticipate this event, conflicts over its timing are minimized. Deviations from the standard tempo result from the early death of the household head, the lack of an heir, or from the heir's immaturity. However, authority rests in the hands of the elder generation, and in a few cases a recalcitrant househ...
Abortive infection of Escherichia coli with the bacteriophage f1: DNA synthesis associated with the membrane

DNA synthesis associated with the membrane of Escherichia coli infected with f1 amber mutant bacteriophage was studied. [Methyl- 3 H] thymidine was used to radioactively label the DNA being synthesized during the period that macromolecular synthesis rapidly declines in these abortively infected bacteria. DNA-membrane complexes were isolated and washed with a low salt buffer to remove loosely associated DNA. The remaining DNA was released with Sarkosyl and analyzed by neutral, high salt, sucrose gradients to determine the nature of this membrane-associated DNA. The synthesized DNA in tight association with the membrane was predominantly phage DNA in the form of f1 RFI DNA molecules. The two strands of the f1 RFI DNA were symmetrically labeled, as if phage DNA synthesis were unable to switch effectively to f1 single stranded DNA formation. These events lead to the accumulation of progeny f1 RFI DNA on the membrane of these abortively infected bacteria.
Inflammatory aneurysms of the ascending aorta: diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Inflammatory aortic aneurysms (IAAs) are rare and located mainly in the infra-renal abdominal aorta. The ascending aorta has been typically spared from this process. We report on two cases of ascending aortic inflammatory aneurysms and describe the available literature on this rare entity. (J Card Surg 2012;27:70-74)
Cognitive shortcuts in causal inference

The paper explores the idea that causality-based probability judgments are determined by two competing drives: one towards veridicality and one towards effort reduction. Participants were taught the causal structure of novel categories and asked to make predictive and diagnostic probability judgments about the features of category exemplars. We found that participants violated the predictions of a normative causal Bayesian network model because they ignored relevant variables (Experiments 1–3) and because they failed to integrate over hidden variables (Experiment 2). When the task was made easier by stating whether alternative causes were present or absent as opposed to uncertain, judgments approximated the normative predictions (Experiment 3). We conclude that augmenting the popular causal Bayes net computational framework with cognitive shortcuts that reduce processing demands can provide a more complete account of causal inference.
Effects of scale and inertia on granular banding segregation

We report that the formation of much reported axial segregation bands in rotating cylinders loaded with different sized particles depends critically on scale and inertia. Specifically, when the ratio, δ, of the diameter of the cylinder to the average diameter of the particles is large, axial bands invariably appear, when δ is small, bands never appear, and between these extremes lies a reversible state where the presence or absence of bands depends on container rotation speed. Our results indicate that banding is associated with a Rayleigh-like instability of a granular core of fine particles, and that this instability is controlled by the inertia of the larger species – and consequently on scale.
Alteration in the Immunological Specificity of Fibrinogen by the Action of Fibrinolysin of the Hemolytic Streptococcus

Summary1. A fairly pure fibrinogen was prepared and used to immunize rabbits. 2. Precipitin tests were carried out with the anti-serum formed; the precipitinogens used were fibrinogen alone and fibrinogen + fibrinolysin. 3. Analyses of the precipitates indicate that the fibrinolysin does have an effect on the fibrinogen which alters its antigenic specificity. 4. The action of the fibrinolysin is very rapid, and the change it produces in the fibrinogen is accomplished in little more than one hour.
Comparison of Particle Image Velocimetry and Phase Contrast MRI in a Patient-Specific Extracardiac Total Cavopulmonary Connection

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) have not been compared in complex biofluid environments. Such analysis is particularly useful to investigate flow structures in the correction of single ventricle congenital heart defects, where fluid dynamic efficiency is essential. A stereolithographic replica of an extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) is studied using PIV and PC-MRI in a steady flow loop. Volumetric two-component PIV is compared to volumetric three-component PC-MRI at various flow conditions. Similar flow structures are observed in both PIV and PC-MRI, where smooth flow dominates the extracardiac TCPC, and superior vena cava flow is preferential to the right pulmonary artery, while inferior vena cava flow is preferential to the left pulmonary artery. Where three-component velocity is available in PC-MRI studies, some helical flow in the extracardiac TCPC is observed. Vessel cross sections provide an effective means of validation for both experiments, and velocity magnitudes are of the same order. The results highlight similarities to validate flow in a complex patient-specific extracardiac TCPC. Additional information obtained by velocity in three components further describes the complexity of the flow in anatomic structures.
Current algebras and generalized Ward-Takahashi identities

The general consequences of current algebras for may particle amplitudes are deriveed using generalized Ward-Takahashi identities. Several applications are indicated.
Observer-based hybrid feedback: a local separation principle

Asymptotic stability of a closed-loop feedback system is analyzed, where the plant is a continuous-time system and the feedback controller is a hybrid dynamical system. The feedback controller is derived in two steps: first a hybrid, full-state feedback controller is constructed; then the feedback is implemented by replacing unmeasured states with estimates that come from an observer. The observer is allowed to be a hybrid dynamical system. A local separation principle is obtained for the case where there are no purely discrete-time solutions for the observer nor for the ideal state feedback. In this case, if the hybrid state feedback is asymptotically stabilizing, and the hybrid observer produces accurate state estimates asymptotically, then the output-feedback hybrid controller achieves local asymptotic stability.
Monoclonal antibodies specific for rat relaxin. IX. Evidence that endogenous relaxin promotes growth of the vagina during the second half of pregnancy in rats

It is established that endogenous relaxin promotes the growth and development of the cervix, mammary glands, and nipples in pregnant rats. Additionally, the observation that porcine relaxin promotes growth of the vagina in both nonpregnant and pregnant rats provides indirect evidence that endogenous relaxin may effect growth of the vagina during rat pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether endogenous relaxin promotes growth of the vagina in pregnant rats. To that end, a monoclonal antibody, specific for rat relaxin, designated MCA1, was used to passively neutralize endogenous relaxin throughout the second half of pregnancy in intact rats. Five milligrams of highly purified MCA1 were injected iv to rats daily from days 12-22 of pregnancy. Controls received either a monoclonal antibody for fluorescein or PBS. The vaginal wet weight, dry weight, length, diameter, inner surface area, DNA content, and percent water content were determined. No differences were found between monoclonal antib...
A comparative study of modeling and solution approaches for the coordinated lot-size problem with dynamic demand

In the coordinated lot-size problem, a major setup cost is incurred when at least one member of a product family is produced and a minor setup cost for each different item produced. This research consolidates the various modeling and algorithmic approaches reported in the literature for the coordinated replenishment problem with deterministic dynamic demand. For the two most effective approaches, we conducted extensive computational experiments investigating the quality of the lower bound associated with the model's linear programming relaxation and the computational efficiency of the algorithmic approaches when used to find heuristic and optimal solutions. Our findings indicate the superiority of the plant location type problem formulation over the traditional approach that views the problem as multiple single-item Wagner and Whitin problems that are coupled by major setup costs. Broader implications of the research suggest that other classes of deterministic dynamic demand lot-size problems may also be more effectively modeled and solved by adapting plant location type models and algorithms.
The built environment and depressive symptoms among urban youth: A spatial regression study.

This study evaluated spatial relationships between features of the built environment and youth depressive symptoms. Data used in this study came from the 2008 Boston Youth Survey Geospatial Dataset, which includes Boston high school students with complete residential information (n = 1170). Features of the built environment (such as access to walking destinations and community design features) were created for 400- and 800-m street network buffers of the youths’ residences. We computed standard Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and spatial simultaneous autoregressive models. We found significant positive spatial autocorrelation in all of the built environment features at both spatial scales (all p = 0.001), depressive symptoms (p = 0.034) as well as in the OLS regression residuals (all p < 0.001), and, therefore, fit spatial regression models. Findings from the spatial regression models indicate that the built environment can have depressogenic effects, which can vary by spatial scale, gender and race/ethnicity (though sometimes in unexpected directions, i.e. associations opposite to our expectations). While our results overall suggest that the built environment minimally influences youth depressive symptoms, additional research is needed, including to understand our results in the unexpected direction.
Hydrogen fluoride vapor etching for pre-Epi silicon surface preparation

Hydrogen fluoride vapor etching of silicon dioxide was studied for its applicability to the preparation of silicon surfaces for low temperature epitaxy. The etching behavior of hydrogen fluoride vapor with and without added water vapor was studied qualitatively by observing changes in hydrophobicity, and quantitatively using ellipsometry. Epi films grown on vapor-treated surfaces were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and by fabricating polysilicon-emitter diodes. It was found that complete removal of the silicon dioxide monolayer closest to the wafer surface proceeded much more slowly than etching of a bulk oxide layer. A mechanism for the reaction of HF and SiO2 is proposed, in which the etching of a bulk film takes place in a thin aqueous layer on the oxide surface, while the removal of the final monolayer of oxide takes place as a gas-solid reaction.
Ability of human leukocytic pyrogen to enhance phytohemagglutinin induced murine thymocyte proliferation.

Abstract Human leukocytic pyrogen, a monokine produced by stimulated human mononuclear phagocytes, will enhance the murine thymocyte proliferation response to phytohemagglutinin (lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) activity). During all steps of purification of human LP, pyrogenicity and LAF activity are coincidental suggesting a single identity for the two monokines. The LAF assay for human LP is highly sensitive and can detect human LP at a concentration of 10 −12 M . Further experiments suggests that human LP and LAF activities could be destroyed by heating to 70 °C. Furthermore, while in vivo pyrogenicity of human LP can be blocked by ibuprofen, the in vitro LAF activity of the same molecule is unaffected by ibuprofen. Immune rabbit serum directed against human LP could also block in vitro LAF activity either by preincubation with LP or by blocking during culture.
AFTER THE BALL IS OVER

In 2000, the Research Center for Arts and Culture at Columbia University’s Teachers College was approached by a board of persons knowledgeable about dance and the International Organization for the Transition of Professional Dancers (IOTPD) to provide data about the challenges and realities of dancers’ career transition. This first study of its kind became a coordinated inquiry into the career transition of professional dancers in eleven different countries, culminating in a report written by William Baumol, Joan Jeffri, and David Throsby. The major areas of concern are: information that confirms what the field has always known about career transition, but did not have the numbers to support; and data that surprised the researchers. Our findings show that, in many instances, expectations of current dancers and realities of former dancers sometimes differ widely, providing important information for policy makers, funders and supporters interested in furthering continued employment of artists.
Identification of cancer stem cells in gallbladder carcinoma: a platform for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.

Commentary to: CD44+CD133+ population exhibits cancer stem cell-like characteristics in human gallbladder carcinoma Chengjian Shi, Rui Tian, Min Wang, Xin Wang, Jianxin Jiang, Zhifa Zhang, Xu Li, Zheng He, Weiqiang Gong and Renyi Qin
A method for simultaneous isolation and cryopreservation of bovine lymphocytes

A technique for the simultaneous isolation and cryopreservation of bovine lymphocytes was presented. Whole blood was slowly diluted 1:2 with RPMI-Hepes containing 15% Me2SO to yield final concentrations of 50% whole blood and 7.5% Me2SO. Aliquots were cooled to at least −80 °C at a rate of 2.5 °C/min and subsequently immersed in liquid nitrogen for storage. Samples were thawed rapidly by agitation in a 37 °C water bath and diluted rapidly with warm RPMI-Hepes. After centrifugation, the lymphocyte pellet was washed and suspended in medium for cell identification and lymphocyte stimulation assays. Few red blood cells, granulocytes, and monocytes survived this freezing and thawing procedure. Recovery of lymphocytes was 69–75%, as compared to a recovery of 58–68% using isolation on density gradients. Only small differences in the numbers of lymphocytes that (i) form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells and (ii) bind anti-IgG were found between the two isolation procedures. Cell proliferation in response to PPD-B or PHA and the enhancement of amino acid transport in response to PPD-B were the same for lymphocytes isolated by both methods.
Quantitative study of the Zawadowski-Ruvalds-Solana model of the dynamics of liquid helium

We study the Zawadowski-Ruvalds-Solana (ZRS) model of quasiparticle interactions in liquid helium both quantitatively and theoretically. We find that the model cannot account quantitatively for the multiphonon peak in the neutron-scattering spectrum even if we vary the quasiparticle spectrum phenomenologically. We find that the model can account for the experimental light-scattering spectrum if the effective roton-roton coupling ${g}_{4}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}},{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ is sharply peaked at the roton minimum ($k\ensuremath{\cong}{k}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\cong}{k}_{0}$). We suggest that the neutron-scattering results would be improved without changing the light-scattering prediction if the density operator contained nonlinear terms in the quasiparticle operator. We criticize the implicit assumption in the ZRS model that the zero-order ground state is nondegenerate. The relationship of this model to one devised by Jackson is discussed.
Critical Regions for Tests of Interval Hypotheses about the Variance

Abstract The critical regions for the uniformly most powerful unbiased tests of and where σ2 is the variance of a normal distribution with unknown mean, can be expressed in terms of equations which require numerical methods for solution. Graphs are included from which these critical regions may be read for significance levels α = .05, .10. The graphs may also be used to obtain critical regions for the corresponding hypotheses concerning the parameters of two other distributions. Calculation of power is discussed.
RECONCILING MONETARY MANAGEMENT AND DEBT MANAGEMENT POLICIES

A MAJOR POSTWAR economic issue has been the difficulty of reconciling monetary management and debt management policies. After five years of disagreements and public dispute, a subcommittee of the Joint Congressional Committee on the Economic Report sought to examine the issues exhaustively and to resolve them.' During the course of its hearings it sought advice from all sources-economists, business men, bankers, public officials. The purpose of this paper is to examine the findings and recommendations of the Committee in its effort to provide Congress with guidance in legislating sound economic policy.
Phase shifts and intensity dependence in frequency-modulation spectroscopy

We discuss experimental observations of an induced phase shift of the rf signal produced in frequency-modulated saturated-absorption measurements under the conditions of large probe-beam intensities. This phase shift can be understood in terms of the phase difference between the phase modulation of the optical driving field and the steady-state macroscopic polarization of the medium. We also present theoretically calculated spectra that are based on the optical Bloch equations and that are in excellent agreement with the experimental results.
A function for a specific zinc metalloprotease of African trypanosomes.

The Trypanosoma brucei genome encodes three groups of zinc metalloproteases, each of which contains ∼30% amino acid identity with the major surface protease (MSP, also called GP63) of Leishmania. One of these proteases, TbMSP-B, is encoded by four nearly identical, tandem genes transcribed in both bloodstream and procyclic trypanosomes. Earlier work showed that RNA interference against TbMSP-B prevents release of a recombinant variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) from procyclic trypanosomes. Here, we used gene deletions to show that TbMSP-B and a phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) act in concert to remove native VSG during differentiation of bloodstream trypanosomes to procyclic form. When the four tandem TbMSP-B genes were deleted from both chromosomal alleles, bloodstream B −/− trypanosomes could still differentiate to procyclic form, but VSG was removed more slowly and in a non-truncated form compared to differentiation of wild-type organisms. Similarly, when both alleles of the single-copy GPI-PLC gene were deleted, bloodstream PLC −/− cells could still differentiate. However, when all the genes for both TbMSP-B and GPI-PLC were deleted from the diploid genome, the bloodstream B −/− PLC −/− trypanosomes did not proliferate in the differentiation medium, and 60% of the VSG remained on the cell surface. Inhibitors of cysteine proteases did not affect this result. These findings demonstrate that removal of 60% of the VSG during differentiation from bloodstream to procyclic form is due to the synergistic activities of GPI-PLC and TbMSP-B.
Decay of Zn Impurity Excitations in Simple Metals

By tuning the $4p$ level of excited ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{*}$ $3{d}^{9}4{s}^{2}4p$ impurities through the conduction-band bottom of alkali metals, we show that the rate at which the excited-impurity configuration decays into conduction-band excitations is insensitive to the extent of $4p$ admixture into the host conduction band. However, the optical matrix elements change markedly with the degree of valence mixing.
Femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) for imaging flow structure in unseeded air

We present a non-intrusive laser based technique for tagging flows. The femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) is based on writing patterns in air and following the nitrogen pink afterglow.
Safety and efficacy of the Perclose suture-mediated closure device after diagnostic and interventional catheterizations in a large consecutive population.

Arterial puncture sites after cardiac catheterization are a troublesome cause of complications. Closure devices have been developed to improve on patient comfort and safety. We evaluated a suture-mediated closure device, the Prostar-Plus device, in a consecutive population of over 10,001 diagnostic and interventional catheterizations. A significantly higher complication rate was noted for both major and minor complications in the diagnostic catheterization patients treated with the Prostar-Plus device compared to diagnostic catheterization patients treated with manual compression (2.6% major and 4.6% minor complication rate for the Prostar-Plus treatment group vs. 0.2% major and 1.8% minor complication rate for the manual compression treatment group). For the interventional patients, there were no statistical differences noted for both major and minor complications between patients treated with the Prostar-Plus device vs. manual compression. Subgroup analysis showed that older, thinner women were more likely to have complications related to the Prostar-Plus device.
Flow Through Nanoporous Electrodes in a Microfluidic Fuel Cell

In this paper we present how advection in the electric double layer (EDL) affects the kinetic performance of electrochemical cells. To accomplish this we use a laminar flow fuel cell model based on the Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Frumkin-Butler-Volmer equations. The model contains nonlinear physics with very disparate length scales due to the complex 3-dimensional nature of the nano-porous device. To account for these difficulties, the full mathematical model is solved numerically using a novel numerical algorithm developed based on domain decomposition method. Numerical results show that the presence of an advection flux through nano-pores on the order of the EDL width yields some novel physics that affect the structure of electrode-electrolyte interface. We also show that electrolyte advection within the EDL can be used to enhance the kinetic performance of electrodes in electrochemical cells. In the device presented the peak power density can be increased significantly with flow velocity.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
An examination of heme action in gene expression: heme and heme deficiency affect the expression of diverse genes in erythroid k562 and neuronal PC12 cells.

The aim of this study was to identify key genes whose expression is altered by heme and heme deficiency in the human erythroleukemia K562 cells and in the NGF-induced rat pheochromocytoma neuronal PC12 cells, respectively. By quantitative RT-PCR, Northern blotting, and Western blotting analyses, we found that the expression of the CDK inhibitors p18 and p21 was upregulated at the early and late stages of heme-induced erythroid differentiation of K562 cells, respectively, while the expression of cyclin D1 was downregulated. Data from succinyl acetone and desferrioxamine treatments suggest that these effects of heme in K562 cells were specific. Further, by microarray expression analysis, we found that inhibition of heme synthesis by succinyl acetone in NGF-induced PC12 cells drastically altered the expression of several groups of important neuronal genes, including the structural genes encoding neurofilament proteins and synaptic vesicle proteins, regulatory genes encoding signaling components β-arrestin an...
Perceived Investor Support: Effect of Investor Value-added Activities Versus Investment Over Time

While significant research has focused on the activities venture capitalists engage in that may add value to their portfolio companies, this work has not examined how these activities affect the en...
Nonlinear dynamics of a modulated bidirectional solid-state ring laser

We investigate the dynamical behavior of a class-B, bidirectional, solid-state ring laser with a square-wave modulated pump. Our treatment includes the coupling of oppositely directed traveling wave modes via backscattering in addition to their coupling via the gain medium. We find that depending on the pump ratio and the depth and frequency of modulation, the intensity waveforms of the two oppositely directed modes may exhibit periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behavior. We also find that although the periodic waveforms of mode intensities are antisynchronized, chaotic waveforms may be synchronized or unsynchronized. A detailed map of different operating regimes as functions of frequency and depth of modulation is presented. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.
High Speed Non-Linear Micro-Milling Dynamics

The efficiency of the milling process is limited due to excessive vibrations that negatively impact the tool and work-piece quality. This becomes even more of a concern in micro-milling where sudden tool breakage occurs before the operator can adjust cutting parameters. Due to different chip formation mechanisms in micro-milling, an increased tool-radius to feed-rate ratio, and higher spindle speeds, micro-milling is a highly non-linear process which can produce multiple and broadband frequencies which increase the probability of tool failure. This paper investigates micro-milling through the development and analysis of a 3-D nonlinear micro-milling dynamic model. A lumped mass, spring, damper system is assumed for modeling the dynamic properties of the tool. The force mechanism utilized is a slip-line field model that provides the advantages of being highly dynamic by accounting for the constantly changing effective rake angle and slip-line variables. Accurate prediction of the chip thickness is important in correctly predicting the dynamics of the system since the force mechanism and its variables are a function of the chip thickness. A novel approach for calculating the instantaneous chip thickness which accounts for the tool jumping out of the cut and elastic recovery of the work-piece is presented. The derivation for the effective rake angle is given and the helical angle is accounted for resulting in a 3-D micro-milling model. The results of simulating the model demonstrate its capability of producing the high frequency force components that are seen in experimental data available in literature. The advantages of using this approach over the constant empirical force coefficient approach when studying micro-milling dynamics is discussed and the instability of the system is investigated utilizing instantaneous frequency.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Antigenic, molecular and functional heterogeneity of Clara cell secretory proteins in the rat.

Abstract In an earlier publication we had reported the preparation of a rabbit antiserum specific for rat Clara cell secretory proteins. This rabbit anti-rat Clara cell serum was found to react with two proteins in rat lung lavage by crossed-immmunoelectrophoresis. Immunoblotting of rat lung lavage proteins, after sodiium dodecylsulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, disclosed three bands of reactivity with anti-Clara cell serum. The relative molecular masses of these three proteins were about 200 (protein A) 55 (protein B) and about 12 kDa (protein C). Anti-Clara cell antibodies eluted from Sepharose-4B-linked protein C (as well as the antiserum raised by immunizing rabbits with protein C) reacted with proteins A and C. Anti-Clara cell antiserum unbound to proteins A and C (as well as antiserum raised by immunizing rabbits with protein B) reacted with protein B only. In non-SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, protein B migrated as a single band, slightly cathodic to albumin; protein C resolved into three bands, all anodic to albumin. Immunoblots of isoelectric focusing gels showed three bands (p I 5.2–5.7) that reacted with antibody to protein C, and four bands corresponding to protein B were seen in the p I range 4.6–5.0. As determined by immunoperoxidase staining of paraformaldehyde fixed methacrylate embedded 1 μm thick sections of rat lung, protein(s) A (and protein C) and protein B were present in the same cells and in the same granules. Protein B was resistant to trypsin digestion, whereas proteins A and C were readily degraded by trypsin. Rat Clara cell secretory proteins consist of at least two antigenic types that appear to be functionally distinct, and each antigenic type displays charge microheterogeneity.