cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DRIVING FORCE AND KINETIC RELATIONS FOR SCALAR CONSERVATION LAWS

This paper is concerned with the circumstances under which the dissipative character of a one-dimensional scalar conservation law may be described by a formalism strictly analogous to that arising naturally in the dynamics of nonlinearly elastic materials. It is shown that this occurs if and only if the entropy density, entropy flux pair associated with the conservation law takes a particular form. We compare the admissibility condition associated with this special entropy with other admissibility criteria such as those of Lax, Oleinik and regularization theory. Using the special entropy, we consider the Riemann problem for an example in which genuine nonlinearity fails and a kinetic relation is needed to determine a unique solution.
Vision and Resolution in the Central Retina

The relation of the structure of the retina to factors influencing visual acuity is examined in some detail. Dimensions of the foveal cones have been redetermined in a series of measurements on histological materials from several sources. In no case has center to center distance between the most central cones in adult human eyes been found less than 2.0μ nor greater than 2.3μ, these being values for the living eye, due allowance being made for shrinkage of the preparations. Photomicrographs of the central foveal mosaic are shown to illustrate the rapid increase in center to center distance between cones a short distance from the small central fovea. These results are in general agreement with those of Polyak. This cone mosaic is in good accord with the observed effect on resolution acuity of the particular location of the image within the fovea. The central cones are of such size that the optical system of the eye at optimum pupil concentrates approximately three-quarters of the energy of a star image into a circle containing three cones, but some additional optical mechanism must exist in the retina to prevent loss of this image quality by spread of rays after the focus, but within the retinal depth represented by the length of the cones. Optical processes occurring within the cones are considered in detail. It is shown that not only is the Stiles and Crawford effect explained quantitatively by these processes, but also that the spread of rays beyond the focus is prevented, so that the retinal mosaic can behave as though the light receptors were concentrated in the focal plane. This same process also makes possible greatly increased light absorption per unit weight of cone pigment. The structure of the retina is thus consistent, numerically, with resolution acuity at high illumination but does not account for observed changes in acuity as retinal illumination is reduced. Ballistic stimulation of 10 microsecond duration eliminates effect of eye movements and serves to test both the Hecht theory of change of acuity with luminance, and the alternate hypothesis that very few quanta are absorbed per cone at threshold, statistical variation in this number accounting for the acuity change. The result of these experiments indicates that neither theory can be accepted.
The inverse of the confluent Vandermonde matrix

Formulas are derived for the components of the inverse of the general confluent Vandermonde matrix for confluences of arbitrary order.
Spatiotemporal catalytic dynamics within single nanocatalysts revealed by single-molecule microscopy

This review discusses the latest advances in using single-molecule microscopy of fluorogenic reactions to examine and understand the spatiotemporal catalytic behaviors of single metal nanoparticles of various shapes including pseudospheres, nanorods, and nanoplates. Real-time single-turnover kinetics reveal size-, catalysis-, and metal-dependent temporal activity fluctuations of single pseudospherical nanoparticles (<20 nm in diameter). These temporal catalytic dynamics can be related to nanoparticles' dynamic surface restructuring whose timescales and energetics can be quantified. Single-molecule super-resolution catalysis imaging further enables the direct quantification of catalytic activities at different surface sites (i.e., ends vs. sides, or corner, edge vs. facet regions) on single pseudo 1-D and 2-D nanocrystals, and uncovers linear and radial activity gradients within the same surface facets. These spatial activity patterns within single nanocrystals can be attributed to the inhomogeneous distributions of low-coordination surface sites, including corner, edge, and defect sites, among which the distribution of defect sites is correlated with the nanocrystals' morphology and growth mechanisms. A brief discussion is given on the extension of the single-molecule imaging approach to catalysis that does not involve fluorescent molecules.
Optimal Beaconing for 60 GHz Millimeter Wave

This paper addresses optimal beacon fragmentation schemes for high-performance MAC in 60 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) networks. The proposed optimal beacon scheme can be classified into two methods, i.e., differentiated and fragmentized beaconing. Differentiated and fragmentized beaconing schemes are for directional and omni-directional data transmission. By the result of performance evaluation, the novelty of the proposed schemes is verified.
Long-Term Dentoskeletal Changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA Functional Appliances

Abstract Objective: To determine if the long-term dentoskeletal changes in patients treated with tooth-borne functional appliances were comparable to each other and to matched controls. Materials and Methods: The experimental sample consisted of 80 consecutively treated patients who were equally divided into Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) groups. The control group comprised 21 children with untreated skeletal Class II malocclusions. Lateral cephalograms were taken for the treated group at T1 (initial records), T2 (completion of functional therapy), and T3 (completion of fixed appliance therapy). A repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between and within groups. If ANOVA results were significant, Tukey-Kramer tests were used to determine where the significant differences occurred. Results: (1) Temporary restriction of maxillary growth was found in the MARA group (T2–T1). (2) SNB increased more with the Twin Blo...
MILK CONCENTRATION AND POSTNATAL ACCRETION OF MINERALS AND NITROGEN IN TWO PHYLLOSTOMID BATS

Abstract Many female bats give birth to a single large young that is weaned at about 90–95% adult size and about 70–80% adult postpartum mass. The need for young to become independent fliers as quickly as possible presumably drives this burdensome development. We considered whether minerals or nitrogen in milk could limit reproductive and developmental capacity in bats. Milk samples were collected during the course of lactation from captive Artibeus jamaicensis and Phyllostomus discolor with known-aged young. Milk mineral (calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron) and nitrogen concentrations did not significantly change during the course of lactation, except for sodium, which decreased in A. jamaicensis. When compared with other bats, concentrations of minerals and nitrogen in milk were weakly associated with phylogeny. We calculated daily accretion rates and total amounts of minerals and nitrogen in the body of young bats for each day of development. We also present calculations of the mass of mil...
THE ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN FOR PRICING AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ON RELATIVE FIRM PERFORMANCE

Despite strong evidence of substantial impact on the bottom line, most companies counter-intuitively neglect the pricing function – as do most scholars. Only 2% of all articles published in major marketing journals focus on pricing and scholars have long begged the question of how organizational and behavioral characteristics of firms affect the link between pricing practices and firm performance. To address these practical and theoretical deficits we surveyed 748 professionals involved in pricing at firms from around the world to measure the influence of five organizational factors on pricing orientation and firm performance identified in a prior qualitative phase of our research. The five factors were: 1) Championing behaviors, 2) pricing capabilities, 3) organizational confidence, 4) organizational change capacity, and 5) center-led pricing management. Results demonstrate that all five factors positively and significantly influence relative performance, suggesting that pricing champions able to design ...
Perception of Coastal Hazards in Terms of Physical, Biological, and Human-Induced Cascades: An Example from the Southeast Florida Coastal Zone (SFCZ)

ABSTRACT Finkl, C.W. and Makowski, C., 2013. Perception of Coastal Hazards in Terms of Physical, Biological, and Human-Induced Cascades: An Example from the Southeast Florida Coastal Zone (SFCZ). Discussions of coastal hazard impacts commonly emphasize geomorphological, geodynamic, and meteohydrodynamic physical events. A true census of all coastal hazards must also, however, include not-so-obvious biological and anthropogenic impacts. Biological coastal hazards are now more common because increasing human presence along shores fosters contact with hazardous biological flora and fauna. Human-induced hazards, often viewed as normal daily activities, cryptically lead to unwanted erosion and deposition or to the pollution of coastal marine environments. The South Florida Coastal Zone (SFCZ) is a good example of how all three categories of coastal hazards (physical processes, biological ecodynamics, and anthropogenic machinations) collectively constitute a negative-pressure cascade upon the coast. Accurate id...
Vertical Accelerations in Rolling Isolation Systems: Experiments and Simulations

AbstractRolling isolation systems (RISs) have been used extensively to protect bridges, buildings, and equipment from earthquake-induced ground and floor motions. RISs are attractive in a performance-based design context because horizontal acceleration design requirements may easily be met by adjusting the slope of the rolling surface. However, in the process of reducing horizontal accelerations, the isolator transmits vertical accelerations due to the pendulumlike motion. These vertical accelerations may exceed tolerable limits if left unchecked. In this study, the influence of the rolling surface profile on peak vertical accelerations is assessed through experiments and simulations. RISs with different radii of curvature are fabricated and then tested for a wide range of ground-motion frequencies and amplitudes. The experiments and simulations show that vertical accelerations are not negligible and should not be ignored in the design of RISs.
Women and the Tea Party: Motherhood, Families, and the Role of Government in America

“I’ve had a passion and a determination to change Washington DC but never as much as when I had three children. You look at your kids and then you look at what is going on in Washington and you want so much for them to have the same America that you’ve had. And I think that is why you see so many Moms and so many wives standing up and saying I have to do this for my children.” Jamie Radtke, former Virginia Republican U.S. Senate candidate and former head of the Virginia TEA Party Patriots Federation, in a campaign ad on her Senate website (June 2012)Women have emerged as strong leaders in the Tea Party Movement. The two most outspoken public leaders of the Tea Party movement, arguably, are women: former Alaska Governor Sarah Palin and U.S. Representative Michele Bachmann, who founded the Tea Party Caucus in Congress. Voters in the 2010 midterm elections ushered in a record number of conservative Republican women to Congress, all of whom were endorsed by Tea Party Express, a leading national Tea Party organization, chaired by Amy Kremer.3 Women such as Kremer and Jenny Beth Martin were instrumental in the creation of some of the most hi-profile national Tea Party organizations, founding Tea Party Express and Tea Party Patriots, respectively. Some research also suggests that women dominate the organization (Skocpol and Williamson 2012) and leadership (Lo 2012) of grassroots Tea Party groups.
A review of creative and expressive writing as a pedagogical tool in medical education.

Context The act of writing offers an opportunity to foster self-expression and organisational abilities, along with observation and descriptive skills. These soft skills are relevant to clinical thinking and medical practice. Medical school curricula employ pedagogical approaches suitable for assessing medical and clinical knowledge, but teaching methods for soft skills in critical thinking, listening and verbal expression, which are important in patient communication and engagement, may be less formal. Creative and expressive writing that is incorporated into medical school courses or clerkships offers a vehicle for medical students to develop soft skills. The aim of this review was to explore creative and expressive writing as a pedagogical tool in medical schools in relation to outcomes of medical education. Methods This project employed a scoping review approach to gather, evaluate and synthesise reports on the use of creative and expressive writing in US medical education. Ten databases were searched for scholarly articles reporting on creative or expressive writing during medical school. Limitation of the results to activities associated with US medical schools, produced 91 articles. A thematic analysis of the articles was conducted to identify how writing was incorporated into the curriculum. Results Enthusiasm for writing as a pedagogical tool was identified in 28 editorials and overviews. Quasi-experimental, mixed methods and qualitative studies, primarily writing activities, were aimed at helping students cognitively or emotionally process difficult challenges in medical education, develop a personal identity or reflect on interpersonal skills. The programmes and interventions using creative or expressive writing were largely associated with elective courses or clerkships, and not required courses. Conclusions Writing was identified as a potentially relevant pedagogical tool, but not included as an essential component of medical school curricula.
Recommendations to Enhance Children Web Searches

the initial design and development of KidsQR, a query recommendation system tailored exclusively for children. KidsQR aids children in their quest for online information by considering children vocabulary, child-friendly phrases, and entities children are familiar with. Initial experiments conducted based on the assessment of parents and elementary school teacher appraisers verify the promising performance of KidsQR.
Numerical Study of Noise Shielding by Airframe Structures

This study is motivated by the development of ultra-quiet advent aircraft that use jet noise shielding by the airframe. Current methods to predict shielding from aircraft surfaces rely on formulae developed for diffraction of sound from point sources. However, the jet noise source is distributed, directional, and with finite spatial coherence. Development of reliable predictive tools for jet noise shielding therefore requires a different approach. In this study we use the Boundary Element Method to assess progressively more complex interactions between sources and shields. For validation, we start with the classic problem of a plane wave interacting with a sphere. Shielding of a point source by a rectangular plate is compared with empirical formulae as well as experimental data. Finally, we examine the interaction of a wavepacket – simulating the jet noise source – with a rectangular plate. The wavepacket model appears to capture important elements of jet noise diffraction as measured in experiments.
A New Superfamily of Trombidiform Mites with the Description of a New Family, Genus, and Species (Acarina: Iolinoidea: Iolinidae: Iolina nana)

Mites constitute a large group of animals that is relatively unknown, and it is not unusual to encounter forms that are representatives of previously unknown higher taxonomic categories. The mites on which this new superfamily is based are parasitic on tropical cockroaches. Their morphology indicates that they are somewhat intermediate between the predaceous raphignathoids and the phytophagous tetranychoids.
Determination of boron in food by ICP-OES

Objective:A method to determine boron in food was established by ICP-OES.Methods: The samples were digested by HNO3 in high-pressure closed-vessel,then the solution was analyzed by ICP-OES to determine the content of boron.Results: The calibration curve showed good linearity in the range of 0 mg/L~10 mg/L with linear coefficient of 0.99999,the detection limit was 0.44 mg/kg,relative standard deviation was below 4.0%,the result of analyzing standard material was in the range of certificate value.Conclusion: The method showed wide linear range,good precision and accuracy,it was suitable for determination of boron in food.
553 NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOMES OF PRETERM SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE INFANTS BORN TO MOTHERS WITH AND WITHOUT PREECLAMPSIA.

Objective Previous studies have investigated links between adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Of the many causes of SGA infants, placental insufficiency caused by maternal hypertension or preeclampsia is well described and accounts for a significant portion of the preterm SGA infant population. We evaluated the neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants born SGA dependent on whether the mother was known to have preeclampsia versus other causes of being SGA. Methods Using the UCSF Intensive Care Nursery Follow-Up Program database, we evaluated infants treated at UCSF who were both preterm (24-35 weeks GA) and SGA (growth parameters on two premature infant growth standards Results Our sample included a total of 72 preterm SGA infants. Of these, 54 have been evaluated in follow-up. Of the 54, 28 were born to mothers with known preeclampsia and 25 to mothers without preeclampsia. The difference in the mean birth weight, gestational age, and incidence of symmetric vs asymmetric growth of each group was not significant. The cohort with preeclampsia had no definite diagnosis of neurologic or developmental delay or disability, whereas the cohort without preeclampsia had three abnormal neurologic or developmental diagnoses. Head circumference was below the 10th percentile on follow-up for 17% of infants born to mothers with preeclampsia and 37% of infants born to mothers without preeclampsia, and abnormal head circumference was associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcome, with 18% (2/11) showing abnormality vs 2.5% (1/40) of infants with normal head circumference. Conclusion Preterm SGA infants born to mothers with preeclampsia have improved neurodevelopmental outcomes when compared to their preterm counterparts who are SGA due to other factors, regardless of initial symmetric or asymmetric growth at birth. Further investigation is warranted to further delineate relationship between catch-up head growth and outcomes which would allow the close observation of head circumference as a marker for neurodevelopment.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Ningde City(2004-2007)

[Objective]To study the strategy and measure of measles control in Ningde city.[ Methods] The incidence data of measles from 2004 to 2007 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.[Results] Totally 693 cases were reported.The mean annual incidence was 5.52 per 100 thousands.The incidence re-ascended significantly in 2007.The measles distribution was characterized by sporadic cases.Higher incidences were during April to July.Children aged 0-1 and 7-8 were the predominant group.The incidence of infant showed ascending trend year by year.[Conclusion] It is necessary to take synthetic measures for measles control: To improve the routine immunization rates of measles vaccination;To strengthen the management of migrant children and raising coverage rate of immunization;To establish the surveillance network of respiratory infectious diseases in schools;To control the cross infection of measles in hospitals;To strengthen and improve measles surveillance.
Anti-tumor effects of lupeol on hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective To explore the inhibition effects of lupeol on hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 in vitro.Methods In vitro inhibitions of luepol on proliferation of SMMC7721 cells were analyzed by MTT assay;flow cytometry was used to detect lupeol induced apoptosis and cell cycle inhibition by characteristic morphological changes and biochemical features.Results The proliferation of SMMC7721 cells was dramatically inhibited by lupeol in a concentration-dependent manner,and 48h after exposed to lupeol,the IC50 value was 60 μmol/L.Cell apoptosis and cycle block was induced by lupeol by flow cytometric analysis.Conclusion Lupeol shows significant inhibitory effects on the growth of HCC cells in vitro.
Social role conflict predicts stimulated cytokine production among men, not women

Abstract Objective To assess whether perceived role conflict is associated with stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production and glucocorticoid sensitivity, and whether these associations are moderated by sex. Methods 153 healthy adults (aged 45.8 ± 5.5 years, 78% female) listed their 3 main social roles and indicated the amount of role conflict they perceived between each pair of social roles. Subsequently, participants underwent blood draws and leukocyte response to microbial challenge and glucocorticoid sensitivity were assessed by incubating whole blood with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of hydrocortisone. Stimulated levels of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) were measured. Results Multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographics revealed significant sex × role conflict interactions for LPS-stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα (all interaction ps Conclusions Perceived social role conflict, indicating greater perceived demand across multiple social roles, may take a greater toll on the regulation of inflammatory processes among men compared to women.
Value-Based Hypothesis Testing for Cardiac Device Clinical Trials: A Pathway for Accelerated Reimbursement Decisions

Medical device sponsors seeking to introduce innovative devices in the United States must clear 2 regulatory hurdles. First, they must provide evidence demonstrating reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness for adjudication and marketing approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Second, they must apply for reimbursement coverage through the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). This second step is based on a different metric that requires demonstration that treatment using the device is reasonable and necessary. Typically, decisions for reimbursement coverage lag well behind the FDA approval for marketing and may result in substantial delays to the availability of some novel therapies. In interventional cardiology, recent examples include a 6-month wait for a coverage with evidence decision after an already-belated FDA approval for the first transcatheter aortic valve and the only recently final reimbursement decision for the Watchman (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA) left atrial occlusion device, almost 11 months after FDA-marketing approval. These delays arise in part from the incomplete overlap between safety/effectiveness and reasonable/necessary standards. Pivotal clinical trials are typically designed to support the safety and effectiveness assessment but may lack data necessary to characterize reasonable and necessary. Although reasonable and necessary does not have a strict regulatory definition, it connotes added healthcare value, defined as improved quality of outcome relative to cost.1,2 Harmonizing these goals in clinical trial designs will accelerate the clinical introduction of important new technology. This study will examine the limitations of current cardiac device clinical trials and explore methods for incorporating value-based hypotheses into the design of these studies. Given the frequent requirement for active treatment controls and the difficulty in proving superiority of incremental changes in new devices, noninferiority trial designs have become the mainstay of cardiac device clinical trials. In addition to demonstrating that a new device …
Invariant Fast Diffusion on the Surfaces of Ultrastable and Aged Molecular Glasses.

Surface diffusion of molecular glasses is found to be orders of magnitude faster than bulk diffusion, with a stronger dependence on the molecular size and intermolecular interactions. In this study, we investigate the effect of variations in bulk dynamics on the surface diffusion of molecular glasses. Using the tobacco mosaic virus as a probe particle, we measure the surface diffusion on glasses of the same composition but with orders of magnitude of variations in bulk relaxation dynamics, produced by physical vapor deposition, physical aging, and liquid quenching. The bulk fictive temperatures of these glasses span over 35 K, indicating 13 to 20 orders of magnitude changes in bulk relaxation times. However, the surface diffusion coefficients on these glasses are measured to be identical at two temperatures below the bulk glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}$. These results suggest that surface diffusion has no dependence on the bulk relaxation dynamics when measured below ${T}_{g}$.
Survival Rates for Patients with Resected Gastric Adenocarcinoma Finally have Increased in the United States.

In the United States, the overall survival rates for gastric adenocarcinoma have remained low, with surgical resection as the only therapy for many patients. Given the advances in multimodality treatment and the development of guidelines recommending adequate lymph node evaluation, the authors determined whether overall survival rates for patients with gastric adenocarcinoma have increased in the United States. The study used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to examine overall survival for patients with the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma between 1988 and 2013. The study cohort was divided into five periods: 1988–1992, 1993–1997, 1998–2002, 2003–2007, and 2008–2013. Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to determine the effect that year of diagnosis had on overall survival. The diagnosis was determined for 13,470 patients between 1988 and 2013. The use of radiation therapy and the proportion of patients who had at least 15 lymph nodes evaluated significantly increased during the study period. Unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimates demonstrated significantly better survival rates for the patients with a diagnosis of gastric cancer in the later periods (2003–2007 and 2008–2013) than for those in the three earlier periods. In our Cox proportional hazards model, recent period was associated with a significantly lower hazard of 5-year mortality. This analysis demonstrated for the first time that gastric cancer survival rates have significantly improved in the United States during the past 2 decades. This observation likely reflects improved adherence to cancer treatment guidelines, including adequate lymph node evaluation and delivery of adjuvant treatment more consistently.
Phase I/II trial of vorinostat, bevacizumab, and daily temozolomide for recurrent malignant gliomas.

Prognosis of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) is poor with 6-month progression-free survival (PFS6) ranging from 9 to 48% depending on the treatment regimen and use of anti-angiogenic therapies. We sought to study vorinostat (VOR), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab (BEV) and daily metronomic temozolomide (TMZ) in a Phase I/II trial in recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGGs). This was a Phase I/II open-label, single-arm study in recurrent HGG patients. Phase I primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of VOR with BEV and daily TMZ. Phase II primary endpoint was PFS6. Regimen was BEV 10 mg/kg iv every 2 weeks, TMZ 50 mg/m2 po daily, and VOR 200 or 400 mg po alternating 7 days on then 7 days off throughout a 28-day cycle. Phase I portion enrolled nine subjects with three receiving VOR 200 mg and 6 receiving VOR 400 mg. With no dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) at 200 mg and one DLT (thrombocytopenia, Grade 3) at 400 mg, the MTD was 400 mg. Phase II portion enrolled 39 GBM subjects, and PFS6 was 53.8% (95% CI 37.2–67.9%). Of note, 14 subjects had received prior BEV and all had received prior 5-day TMZ. Combination therapy with VOR, BEV, and daily TMZ was well tolerated and safe. While PFS6 was not statistically improved beyond historical controls, it is important to note that this was a heavily pretreated GBM population and further consideration is warranted in a less pretreated group.
The association between premorbid conditions in school-aged children with prolonged concussion recovery

The association between preexisting anxiety, depression, and/or neurodevelopmental disorders and symptom duration among younger children who sustain concussions is not well known. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of 569 patients presenting to a pediatric neurology clinic with the diagnosis of concussion. The authors measured associations between symptom duration and premorbid conditions, as well as gender, age, mechanism of injury, and other factors. Premorbid conditions were common in both age groups. On univariate modeling female gender, age >12 years, and premorbid conditions were associated with longer symptom duration. On multivariable modeling, females and patients ≤12 years old with a history of headaches, migraines, or a history of psychiatric conditions took significantly longer to recover than those without such conditions. Premorbid conditions are associated with a prolonged recovery from concussion among those patients ≤12 years old.
Low prevalence of diabetes distress following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation.

Diabetes distress (DD), or psychological fatigue associated with diabetes management, is common in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with poor glycemic control. DD has never been evaluated in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplant (TPIAT) for chronic pancreatitis. We analyzed DD after TPIAT in 260 patients (average age 34.3 [standard deviation 15], 75.5% F) undergoing TPIAT between 2006 and 2014. Each patient completed one or more diabetes distress scale (DDS) questionnaires from 1 to 7 years post-TPIAT (631 total). We examined changes in DD over 7 years and also patient characteristics associated with DD 1 year post-TPIAT (n=189). One year after TPIAT, 151/189 (80%) reported no or low distress (DD<2). DD increased over time by an average of 0.084 (SE 0.017) points per year, an average 0.59 point increase from years 1 to 7 (p<0.0001). Insulin-dependent patients had significantly greater DD 1 year post-TPIAT compared to insulin independent patients (p<0.0001). Higher DD was associated with poorer glycemic control as indicated by HbA1c (p<0.0001). Prevalence of DD is low but increases over time after TPIAT. Insulin dependence and poorer glycemic control are associated with higher levels of DD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
5-DOF Real-Time Control of Active Electrodynamic MAGLEV

This paper presents the five degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) control of an electrodynamic MAGLEV suspension with active control of the levitation coils. A sled with built-in permanent magnets moves past an array of fixed coils to generate Lorentz forces that provide lift and guidance. When active control of the levitation coil currents is implemented, multi-DOF trajectory control can be achieved, leading to stable electrodynamic levitation that can actively reject disturbances independently of sled speed. This paper shows successful control of the multi-DOF trajectory of a passive sled by active control of the coil currents, using both a sliding mode controller with nonlinear input mapping from coil currents to levitation forces, and a multi-DOF nonlinear observer. The paper also compares the use of look up tables versus analytical models of the magnetic field density used to estimate the magnetic forces and torques acting on the sled. The performance of the proposed approaches is demonstrated experimentally.
A mindful product acceptance model

We posit, develop and test a new mindful product acceptance model that includes the independent variable constructs of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, mindful judgement constructs (tas...
New Treatment Approaches on the Horizon for Spastic Hemiparesis

Abstract This article presents 2 recent articles that propose novel interventions for treating spastic hemiparesis by changing biological infrastructure. In 18 patients with unilateral spastic arm paralysis due to chronic cerebral injury greater than 5 years’ duration, Zheng et al transferred the C7 nerve from the nonparalyzed side to the side of the arm that was paralyzed. Over a follow-up period of 12 months, they found greater improvement in function and a reduction of spasticity compared to rehabilitation alone. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, they also found evidence for physiological connectivity between the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere and the paralyzed hand. In the second article, Raghavan et al examine the concept of stiffness, a common symptom in patients with spastic hemiparesis, as a physical change in the infrastructure of muscle. Raghavan’s non-neural hyaluronan hypothesis postulates that an accumulation of hyaluronan within spastic muscles promotes the development of muscle stiffness in patients with an upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS). In a case series of 20 patients with spastic hemiparesis, Raghavan et al report that upper limb intramuscular injections of hyaluronidase increased passive and active joint movement and reduced muscle stiffness. Interventions that change biological infrastructure in UMNS is a paradigm on the horizon that bears watching.
Underwater Telemetry Using Electromagnetic Communication Through Fresh Water for USACE Infrastructure

The Civil Works mission of the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) includes the maintenance and operation of infrastructure related to navigable inland waterways. This mission has led to the utilization of sensors as part of structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) systems installed at locks and dams. The Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) is developing an underwater telemetry modem that uses electromagnetic communication in the low frequency (LF 30–300 KHz) and medium frequency (MF 300–3000 KHz) range for collection of sensor data wirelessly. Field testing of a preliminary platform has informed the design of an integrated solution. These underwater wireless communication modems will provide a solution for a USACE technology gap that currently hampers data collection and process control in the navigable inland waterways.
Translational and transcriptional responses in human primary hepatocytes under hypoxia.

The novelty of this study lies in applying parallel ribosome- and transcriptome-profiling analyses to human primary hepatocytes in hypoxia. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess globa...
275 THROMBOLYSIS OF FREE-FLOATING THROMBOEMBOLI IN THE RIGHT HEART.

Pulmonary thromboembolic disease is a common and often fatal disorder that can be difficult to diagnose. It has been recognized that patients with massive pulmonary emboli presenting with hypotension, right ventricular dysfunction, and an elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level have an especially high mortality. Rarely, a thromboembolus is visualized en route through the right heart with imaging modalities such as echocardiography. The largest case series of this phenomenon reported to date calculated an in-hospital mortality rate of 45%, half of whom died in the first 24 hours after presentation. We present a case of an 81-year-old man who presented with acute dyspnea and hypotension and was found to have a dilated hypokinetic right ventricle, elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, and a large worm-like free-floating thromboembolus in the right heart. He was treated with an intravenous infusion of alteplase and responded well with resolution of hypotension and hypoxemia. A repeat echocardiogram performed 30 minutes into the infusion failed to demonstrate any residual intracardiac thromboemboli and noted significant improvement in pulmonary arterial pressure. This case demonstrates the efficacy of treating massive pulmonary emboli with free-floating thromboemboli in the right heart with thrombolytic therapy.
Banach Spaces With Banach-Stone Property

This chapter discusses a characterization of two dimensional Banach spaces for which Banach–Stone type of theorem is valid when X , Y are compact Hausdorff spaces. One can find examples of nonhomeomorphic compact metric spaces X , Y such that C(X,R n ∞ ) is isometric with C(Y,R n ∞ ). It is noted that C(X,R n ∞ ) is isometric with C(Y,R n ∞ ), that C(X,R n ∞ ) is not of the Banach–Stone type. Thus, if E is a two dimensional Banach space with U E as a parallelogram, then E is not of the Banach–Stone type.
Abstract LB-A02: AMPK activation by metformin promotes survival of dormant ER+ breast cancer cells

Despite adjuvant anti-estrogen therapy for patients with ER+ breast cancer, clinically dormant residual disease can persist for years and eventually cause tumor recurrence. Mimicking the aromatase inhibitor-induced depletion of estrogen levels used to treat patients, we developed clinically relevant xenograft models of dormancy induced by estrogen withdrawal. Dormant breast cancer cells exhibited upregulated AMPK levels and activity. Metformin is an AMPK-activating drug approved to treat diabetes that is being tested in many ongoing clinical trials for treatment of cancer. We found that metformin promoted survival of dormant ER+ breast cancer cells through increased mitochondrial respiration driven by fatty acid oxidation. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of AMPK or fatty acid oxidation promoted clearance of dormant residual disease, while dietary fat increased tumor cell survival. These findings indicate that AMPK has context-dependent effects in cancer, caution against the widespread use of an AMPK activator across disease settings, and warrant the development of cancer therapeutics targeting fat metabolism. Citation Format: Riley Hampsch, Nicole Traphagen, Jason Wells, Charlotte McCleery, Jennifer Fields, Kevin Shee, Lloye Dillon, Darcy Pooler, Lionel Lewis, Eugene Demidenko, Yina Huang, Jonathan Marotti, William Kinlaw, Todd Wayne Miller. AMPK activation by metformin promotes survival of dormant ER+ breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2019 Oct 26-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2019;18(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-A02. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-19-LB-A02
Chronic infection with a tissue invasive helminth attenuates sublethal anaphylaxis and reduces granularity and number of mast cells

Background Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal condition in which allergy effector cells rapidly discharge pre-formed inflammatory mediators. Treatments that address the immune component of allergic anaphylaxis are inadequate. Helminths have been previously shown to suppress effector cell function; however, their ability to treat pre-existing allergy remains unclear. Objective To evaluate the ability of chronic helminth infection to protect against anaphylaxis in previously sensitized mice. Methods A sublethal model of anaphylaxis was used, in which BALB/c mice were sensitized by three intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of OVA/alum. Temperature drop was then monitored after systemic OVA challenge in uninfected mice and in mice infected chronically with Litomosoides sigmodontis, a tissue-invasive filarial nematode. Results Litomosoides sigmodontis-infected mice exhibited significantly lower serum levels of mMCP-1 and were less hypothermic at 30-minute post-challenge compared to uninfected OVA-challenged controls. Characterization of anaphylaxis revealed that FcԑR1 and mast cells were required for hypothermia and elevated serum mMCP-1. OVA-IgE and OVA-IgG1 serum levels were not significantly altered by L sigmodontis infection, and experiments with IL-10-/- mice demonstrated that IL-10 was not required for protection against anaphylaxis. However, peritoneal mast cell numbers were significantly lower in infected mice, and those that were present exhibited decreased granularity by flow cytometry and marked depletion of intracytoplasmic granules by light microscopy. Mast cells from infected mice had lower expression of the activation markers CD200R and CD63 and contained significantly lower basal stores of histamine. Conclusions Chronic L sigmodontis infection protects against anaphylaxis, likely due to reduction in mast cell numbers and depletion of pre-formed inflammatory mediators in remaining mast cells.
Status and future directions

Abstract Vast networks of ionospheric diagnostics and new simulation capabilities, coupled to newly available “citizen science” projects, offer opportunities in ionospheric physics that approach the “Big Data” issues experienced in other disciplines. Approaches using the protocols of complexity theory are needed to advance our understanding of the ionosphere as the closest cosmic plasma capable of study using remote sensing, in situ observations, and real-time global simulations.
Urine gastrin‐releasing peptide in the first week correlates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and post‐prematurity respiratory disease

Rationale Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is associated with post-prematurity respiratory disease (PRD) in survivors of extreme preterm birth. Identifying early biomarkers that correlate with later development of BPD and PRD may provide insights for intervention. In a preterm baboon model, elevated gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is associated with BPD, and GRP inhibition mitigates BPD occurrence. Objective We performed a prospective cohort study to investigate whether urine GRP levels obtained in the first postnatal week were associated with BPD, PRD, and other urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress. Methods Extremely low gestational age infants (23-28 completed weeks) were enrolled in a US multicenter observational study, The Prematurity and Respiratory Outcomes Program (http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01435187). We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between urine GRP in the first postnatal week and multiple respiratory outcomes: BPD, defined as supplemental oxygen use at 36 + 0 weeks postmenstrual age, and post-PRD, defined by positive quarterly surveys for increased medical utilization over the first year (PRD score). Results A total of 109 of 257 (42%) infants had BPD, and 120 of 217 (55%) had PRD. On adjusted analysis, GRP level more than 80 was associated with BPD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-3.25) and positive PRD score (aOR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.35-4.48). Urine GRP levels correlated with duration of NICU ventilatory and oxygen support and with biomarkers of oxidative stress: allantoin and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Conclusions Urine GRP in the first postnatal week was associated with concurrent urine biomarkers of oxidative stress and with later diagnoses of BPD and PRD.
Voices from below: The role of anonymous women’s opinion in the birth of Israel’s monarchy

This article argues that the opinion of anonymous women in the books of Samuel exerts a powerful influence over the reputation and political fortune of Israel’s first kings. The descriptions of the...
Influence of static inflation and Intermittent ventilation on lung function during cardiopulmonary bypass in infants

Objective To investigate the impact of static inflation and intermittent ventilation on lung function peri-cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in infants.Methods Sixty infants of less than 1-year-old,with ventricular septal defect were selected to assigned to two groups:the treatment group(n=30),given static inflation and intermittent ventilation once every 10 minutes during CPB;the control group(n = 30),no ventilation during CPB.Indicators of pulmonary function including OI,PaO2/PAO2,A-aDO2 and RI were recorded before CPB and 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h after CPB.Results At 2 h,6 h,12 h after CPB,OI and PaO2/PAO2 of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).A-aDO2 of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group at 2 h,6 h,12 h,48 h after CPB(P＜0.05).RI of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group at 6 h,12 h after CPB(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Static inflation and intermittent ventilation during CPB can improve early oxygenation of lung,and have good lung protection in infants. Key words: Lung ventilation; Lung funetion; Cardiopulmonary bypass; Infant
A qualitative study of providers’ decision-making for cases involving neurobehavioral issues

Across the continuum of care, providers representing multiple professions (i.e., rehabilitation, medical, mental health) influence post-acute care planning for persons with brain injury, yet insuff...
Coaching Faculty to Teach Online: A Single Qualitative Case Study at an Online University

Faculty in the School of Education at Northcentral University, a fully online institution, receive ongoing coaching as part of a faculty development plan to enhance their teaching practice and thereby strengthen student engagement. Promoting engagement among students and faculty is an important part of the University’s long-term success and strategic plan, and faculty are encouraged to strive for teaching excellence by engaging with their students in multiple ways. The coaching approach is built upon a theoretical framework that encompasses adult learning and adult development in order to respond to strengths and learning needs of faculty as adult learners. The values that form the basis of this coaching approach are culture of learning and collaboration, growth academic mindset, and reflective practice. Coaches work toward developing an organizational culture that supports and guides learning for continuous growth and performance improvement. The goal of coaching is to develop faculty as reflective practitioners who see the value of engaging deeply with learners and who are also invested in their own development as teachers so that their students can be maximally successful. The process is collaborative, and coaches welcome faculty input as to how they can more fully support their teaching practice. This article discusses the faculty coaching model of one online university and how this model serves to provide faculty with development opportunities in an effective and meaningful way. A qualitative case study was conducted with a sample of 18 adjunct faculty members teaching in the School of Education graduate program. The researcher was both a faculty coach and teaching professor in this program. Structured interviews as a data collection method provided rich data to better understand faculty’s’ experience and insights regarding coaching, and the perceived impact of coaching on their practice. Findings of this study, derived by way of thematic qualitative analysis are presented and discussed. The study’s findings shed light on faculty perceptions and insights regarding the value and benefits of the coaching they received. Findings illustrate how faculty coaching contributes to establishing and maintaining ongoing pathways to enhance practice for purposes of continuous growth and performance improvement regarding online teaching practice. This research has practical implications as we continue to offer increasing numbers of effective online courses and programs and provide support to faculty who work in the online learning environment. The lessons learned from this study may be transferable and applicable to other similar online higher education contexts in their quest to ensure faculty success and strong student support.