cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combination Chemotherapy of L1210 Leukemia With Platinum Compounds and Cyclophosphamide Plus Other Selected Antineoplastic Agents

Six antitumor platinum compounds were used in combination with cyclophosphamide plut 1 of 7 other antitumor drugs for treatment of L1210 leukemia in B6D2F [C57BL/6 X DMA/2) F] mice. Data obtained from each three-agent regimen were compared with those obtained after administration of each compound alone and each appropriate two-agent combination. No cure (greater than 60-day survival) was obtained with any compound used alone. Combination of cyclophosphamide with a platinum compound (Pt+CY) yielded a collective cure rate of 193/420, and the addition of a third cure rate to 290/420 (P less than 0.001). Certain regimens produced 100% cure rates. The most effective drugs when used in combination with PT+CY were cytosine arabinoside, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and Yoshi-864. Adriamycin, methotrexate, and vincristine were less effective at the doses used. Toxicity, as evidenced by maximum weight loss, was slightly greater with the three-agent combinations than with the Pt+CY regimens.
Sub-type specific distribution of HPV cases with cervical diseases in Suzhou

Objective:To determine the distributional trend of different sub-types of Human Papillomavirus(HPV) among local women with cervical diseases.Methods: Adopt hybridization HPV DNA detection method to detect 21 HPV subtypes of cervix cell in 2005 patients with cervical diseases(including chronic cervicitis,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia1(CNⅠ),cervical intraepithelial neoplasia2/3(CNⅡ/Ⅲ) to cervical cancer(CC)).Results: The rate of HPV infection was 58.2%,multiple infection rate was 21.6%.The prevalence of HPV infection in chronic cervicitis,CNⅠ,CNⅡ,CNⅢ and CC were 19.3%,56.8%,82.2%,90.5% and 100%,respectively.All 21 HPV subtypes of cervix cell were detected,of which HPV16,HPV52,HPV58 and HPV18 were the most common to be detected,which accounted for 26.5%,25.0%,16.4%,12.3% and 11.1%,respectively.Conclusion: The most common high risk HPV subtype in the spectrum of cervical diseases is HPV16 in the region of Suzhou.The step-wise distributional changes of HPV types along with the cervical diseases spectrum reflect their transformational capability at different steps of cervical carcinogenesis and clinical physician should pay attention to high risk HPV type,especially to HPV16.
Managing asthma: a growth and development approach

Asthma is the most common chronic lung disease diagnosed in children. The rising morbidity and mortality rate of asthma is a major concern to pediatric health care providers. Asthma education is essential for parents and children. Physiological, psychological, cognitive, and developmental concerns of each stage of growth have an impact on asthma symptoms, management, and daily life. An anticipatory-guidance framework allows the nurse to target education to age-specific issues, abilities, and needs.
Letter to the Editor: Giant proteins and cancer chemotherapy cardiotoxicity.

with regard to the recent study regarding bevacizumab and sunitinib cardiotoxicity in cancer treatments ([2][1]) in the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology , it is worth noting that there has yet to be an explanation for cardiotoxicity of the traditional mutagenic,
The Crumbs3 Polarity Protein

The Crumbs proteins are evolutionarily conserved apical transmembrane proteins. Drosophila Crumbs was discovered via its crucial role in epithelial polarity during fly embryogenesis. Crumbs proteins have variable extracellular domains but a highly conserved intracellular domain that can bind FERM and PDZ domain proteins. Mammals have three Crumbs genes and this review focuses on Crumbs3, the major Crumbs isoform expressed in mammalian epithelial cells. Although initial work has highlighted the role of Crumbs3 in polarity, more recent studies have found it has an important role in tissue morphogenesis functioning as a linker between the apical membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. In addition, recent publications have linked Crumbs3 to growth control via regulation of the Hippo/Yap pathway.
Intrinsic neural activity differences among psychotic illnesses

Individuals with psychosis have been reported to show either reduced or augmented brain responses under seemingly similar conditions. It is likely that inconsistent baseline-adjustment methods are partly responsible for this discrepancy. Using steady-state stimuli during a pro/antisaccade task, this study addressed the relationship between nonspecific and stimulus-related neural activity, and how these activities are modulated as a function of cognitive demands. In 98 psychosis probands (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis), neural activity was assessed during baseline and during a 5-s period in preparation for the pro/antisaccade task. To maximize the ability to identify meaningful differences between psychosis subtypes, analyses were conducted as a function of subgrouping probands by standard clinical diagnoses and neurobiological features. These psychosis "biotypes" were created using brain-based biomarkers, independent of symptomatology (Clementz et al., ). Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance and diminished baseline oscillatory phase synchrony. Psychosis biotypes differed on both behavioral and brain measures, in ways predicted from Clementz et al. (). Two biotype groups showed similarly deficient behavior and baseline synchrony, despite diametrically opposed neural activity amplitudes. Another biotype subgroup was more similar to healthy individuals on behavioral and brain measures, despite the presence of psychosis. This study provides evidence that (a) consideration of baseline levels of activation and synchrony will be essential for a comprehensive understanding of neural response differences in psychosis, and (b) distinct psychosis subgroups exhibit reduced versus augmented intrinsic neural activity, despite cognitive performance and clinical similarities.
Unified analysis of co-array interpolation for direction-of-arrival estimation

This paper considers the problem of co-array interpolation for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation with sparse nonuniform arrays. By utilizing the much longer difference co-array associated with these arrays, it is possible to perform DOA estimation of more sources than sensors. Since the co-array may contain holes (or missing lags), interpolation algorithms have been proposed to fully utilize the remaining elements of the co-array beyond that captured in the contiguous ULA segment. However, the quality and stability of interpolation performed by such algorithms (especially in presence of modeling errors) have not been analyzed. This paper provides a unified analysis of co-array interpolation algorithms to bound the interpolation error in terms of modeling errors. The results are universal in the sense that they can be applied to analyze any algorithm that utilizes the positive semidefinite (PSD) structure of the interpolated covariance matrix. The general framework is then applied to analyze specific algorithms and simulations are conducted to study their interpolation errors.
Latent and sensible heat flux predictions from a uniform pine forest using surface renewal and flux variance methods

A surface renewal model that links organized eddy motion to the latent and sensible heat fluxes is tested with eddy correlation measurements carried out in a 13m tall uniform Loblolly pine plantation in Duke Forest, Durham, North Carolina. The surface renewal model is based on the occurance of ramp-like patterns in the scalar concentration measurements. To extract such ramp-like patterns from Eulerian scalar concentration measurements, a newly proposed time-frequency filtering scheme is developed and tested. The time-domain filtering is carried out using compactly-supported orthonormal wavelets in conjunction with the “Universal Wavelet Thresholding” approach of Donoho and Johnstone, while the frequency filtering is carried out by a band-pass sine filter centered around the ramp-occurrence frequency as proposed by other studies. The method was separately tested for heat and water vapour with good agreement between eddy correlation flux measurements and model predictions. The usefulness of the flux-variance method to predict sensible and latent heat fluxes is also considered. Our measurements suggest that the simple flux-variance method reproduces the measured heat and momentum fluxes despite the fact that the variances were measured within the roughness sublayer and not in the surface layer. Central to the predictions of water vapour fluxes using the flux-variance approach is the similarity between heat and water vapour transport by the turbulent air flow. This assumption is also investigated for this uniform forest terrain.
Comparaisons des méthodes diagnostiques pour ostéomyélites post-traumatiques par rapport à la biopsie osseuse ouverte

Introduction Le diagnostic des osteomyelites post-traumatique (OMPT) est difficile et invasif, le gold standard restant la biopsie osseuse ouverte (BOO). Notre but est de comparer la sensibilite et specificite de differentes methodes diagnostiques a la BOO. Materiel et methodes Etude de cohorte retrospective monocentrique entre janvier 2004 et decembre 2013. Les patients inclus ont ete traites pour une OMPT d’un os long (femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna) selon les criteres diagnostiques du Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Les pieds diabetiques, arthrites septiques, spondylodiscites, osteomyelites de la main ou du basin ont ete exclus. Les donnees anatomiques, bacteriologiques, biologiques et epidemiologiques des patients ont ete collectees. Nous avons analyse les examens suivants : VS > 15 mm/h, CRP > 10 mg/L, hyperleucocytose, culture des tissus mous et histologie des tissus mous, en utilisant la BOO comme reference pour determiner leur sensibilite et specificite. Resultats Nous avons inclus 159 patients. L’âge moyen des patients etait 46,0 ± 13,2 ans, 20 (14,4 %) avaient une hepatite virale, 2 (1,3 %) etaient VIH+, 15 (9,4 %) SDF, 15 (9,4 %) diabetiques, 97 (61 %) fumeurs, 86 (54,1 %) avaient une consommation reguliere d’alcool et 47 (29,6 %) un usage de drogue. L’os le plus frequemment touche etait le tibia avec 83 cas (52,2 %), et la fracture initiale etait ouverte chez 58 patients (36,5 %). Les organismes les plus frequent etaient staphylocoque (57 %), streptocoques (11,6 %), et anaerobique (5,8 %), les infections polymicrobiennes representaient 19 %. Compare a la BOO, l’histologie des tissus mous montre une sensibilite de 69,8 % (IC 95 % : 53,7–82,3 %) et specificite de 38,9 % (IC 95 % : 18,3 %–63,9 %). La culture des tissus mous montre une de sensibilite 66,0 % (IC 95 % : 56,1–74,8 %) et specificite de 28,1 % (IC 95 % : 12,9–49,5 %). Parmi les marqueurs biologiques, CRP et VS ont des sensibilite et specificite comparables respectivement 81,7 et 18,1 contre 76,2 et 22,7. L’hyperleucocytose avait une sensibilite de 33,9 et specificite de 71,0. Ces differences etaient significatives pour la comparaison entre la specificite de l’histologie contre la culture des tissus mous et la sensibilite de l’hyperleucocytose contre les autres examens biologiques. Discussion Les marqueurs biologiques (CRP, VS, hyperleucocytose), les cultures et l’histologie des tissus mous montrent des sensibilites et specificites insuffisantes pour palier a la BOO dans le diagnostic des OMPT.
Co-occurring Substance and Mental Health Disorders

The terms “dual diagnosis” and “co-occurring” are used to refer to patients with both psychiatric and substance use disorders, but recent research has broadened the concept to identify patients with the presence of any two or more medical conditions as well as numerous related psychosocial conditions that derive, to varying degrees, from the medical diagnoses. Traditionally, medical care for the dually diagnosed patient has focused treatment on the individual diseases and has had unintended consequences in patients with dual diagnoses, namely, the potential for high treatment burden (e.g., polypharmacy, frequent appointments, multiple procedures) or worsening of one disease by treatment of another. Within the mental health care system, this siloing (i.e., operating in isolation) of healthcare delivery approach has led to fragmented and stymied mental health care delivery. This chapter reviews the evolution of treatment for the dually diagnosed individual and veteran from the sequential approach to parallel and finally integrated approach that affords the most benefits with the least harm.
Epistemological foundations of international entrepreneurship

International entrepreneurship emerged in recent years as a promising research stream focusing on how firms explore and exploit opportunities across borders, creating customer value and anticipating competitors’ moves. This study addresses international entrepreneurship literature challenges by analyzing more than seventy studies from the last twenty-four years that deal with the international new venture’s phenomenon. Particularly this study discusses five literature challenges: the increased amount of international entrepreneurship content among different journals; the different types of research conducted in the international entrepreneurship field; international new ventures and high-tech industry; the controversy in the definition and the different labels given to the firms with international presence right from their birth or shortly after; and, the factors that characterize successful firm internationalization. The study findings offer a comprehensive review, synthesis, and organization in the field.
Protein coding mitochondrial-targeted RNAs rescue mitochondrial disease in vivo

Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies (MEs) result from mutations in mitochondrial genes critical to oxidative phosphorylation. Severe and untreatable ME results from mutations affecting each endogenous mitochondrial encoded gene, including all 13 established protein coding genes. Effective techniques to manipulate mitochondrial genome are limited and targeted mitochondrial protein expression is currently unavailable. Here we report the development of a mitochondrial-targeted RNA expression (mtTRES) vector capable of protein expression within mitochondria (mtTRESPro). We demonstrate that mtTRESPro expressed RNAs are targeted to mitochondria and are capable of being translated using EGFP encoded constructs in vivo. We additionally test mtTRESPro constructs encoding wild type ATP6 for their ability to rescue an established ATP61Drosophila model of ME. Genetic rescue is examined including tests with co-expression of mitochondrial targeted translational inhibitors TLI-NCL::ATP6 RNAs that function to reduce expression of the endogenous mutant protein. The data demonstrate allotopic RNA expression of mitochondrial targeted wild type ATP6 coding RNAs are sufficient to partially rescue a severe and established animal model of ME but only when combined with a method to inhibit mutant protein expression, which likely competes for incorporation into complex V.
Politics, Education, and a Glocal Movement: Gulen-Inspired Educators and Their Views on Education in Politically Turbulent Times

The Hizmet Movement a.k.a. Gulen Movement is a collective initiative of a group of people from Turkey following altruistic ideals. Although it is rooted in Islam and the Sufi tradition, it appeals to all backgrounds via its secular schools and interfaith dialogue outreach. In the U.S., the movement runs educational institutions, interfaith dialogue centers, and charities, and has grown significantly since the start of the new millennium. The academic excellence, college admission rates, and medals won at local and international science and math competitions helped Hizmet Movement schools gain recognition and appreciation in the more than 100 countries where they operate. However, recent political unrest and, as a result, anti-democratic treatment of Hizmet participants in Turkey has taken a toll on this success and has transformed the movement into a diaspora. This paper serves as an introduction to Hizmet Movement’s history, its perceptions in the U.S. and in Turkey, and the educational philosophies of its educators in a post-911 and post-15 July world. The focus on events is between 1960 to present.
The Epidemiology and etiology 30 of adolescent substance use in developmental perspective

If there were a time in life that was “built” for substance use onset and escalation, it would certainly be adolescence. Individual and social context changes are more pervasive and rapid during adolescence than during any other time of life. Amidst these ubiquitous developmental changes, it is no coincidence that interest in and opportunity for alcohol and other drug use begins for most young people. There are clear and numerous risks associated with alcohol and other drug use during adolescence; however, from the young person’s perspective, substance use experimentation can also serve positive social and identity functions. Our purpose in this chapter is to provide a selective summary and integration of the literature on the epidemiology and etiology of substance use during adolescence from a developmental perspective.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFUSION CONTROLLED COAGULATION USING AN OPTICAL PULSE PARTICLE SIZE ANALYZER

We have determined the detailed form of n-mer distributions resulting from salt induced aggregation of polystyrene microspheres using an optical pulse particle size analyzer. This instrument measures the intensity of light scattered at very low angles by individual n-mers as they pass, single file, through an optical flow cell. In the low angle limit, scattered intensity is proportional to n2 - independent of n-mer shape or orientation. The instrument has enabled us to study the temporal evolution of the detailed n-mer distribution in this system. At short times the aggregation is well described by von Smoluchowski's theory of diffusion controlled kinetics. However, at later times we observe a sharp departure from von Smoluchowski's theory. This departure may be interpreted in terms of the approach to equilibrium and growth of a gel or other macroscopic phase. These experiments provide a direct means of testing theories of aggregation, gelation and colloidal interactions.
Dictyosome Development During Microsporogenesis in Canna generalis

Publisher Summary Golgi apparatus undergoes profound changes in form in the course of microsporogenesis in Canna generalis. In the microsporocytes before the meiotic divisions, the Golgi constitutes several interassociated dictyosomes. In both ontogeny and function, the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are closely associated, and there may be physical links between the two systems. The microsporocytes show an extraordinary frequency of morphological twins in the dictyosome population. In meiotic prophase stages, there is no clear morphological evidence of secretory activity by the dictyosomes; however, with the beginning of the deposition of the last pollen wall layer, the intine, prolific vesiculation begins. It is suggested that the dictyosomes continue to grow by the fusion of ER elements until they attain a certain size, whereupon they fragment into daughter dictyosomes by vertical cleavage.
Machine learning in acoustic applications with wave physics models, a tutorial

Through recent decades of intensive research, machine learning has established its great potential in areas such as social networking, e-commerce, computer vision, natural language processing, and robotics. Recently, it has also started to capture the attention of the acoustic research community where the problems have wave physics basis and the research has focused on related areas such as signal/image processing. This is evident in the significantly increased number of related papers presented at recent ASA meetings. The challenge appears to concerning several aspects: i) What types of acoustic applications can be formulated as ML problems in a way that could provide interesting results and potentially better performance? ii) What would be the relationship between wave physics models and machine learning methods? iii) What is the dataset requirement of machine learning that is potentially different from say, signal processing techniques, and what implications it might have on experimental design, data collection, and annotation? ii) What are the areas that might not have much benefit from taking a machine learning approach? This tutorial will present a number of acoustics/geophysics application examples along with their analogs in canonical machine learning applications, as an attempt to illustrate possibilities and limitations.
Exploring the association between initial serum alcohol concentration and polysubstance use: More than a simple "gateway drug" effect?

Introduction: Polysubstance abuse (PSA) is a significant problem affecting our society. In addition to negatively affecting the health and well-being of substance users, alcohol and/or drug abuse is also associated with heavy injury burden. The goal of this study was to determine if elevated serum alcohol (EtOH) levels on initial trauma evaluation correlate with the simultaneous presence of other substances of abuse (SOAs). We hypothesized that PSA would be more common among patients who present with EtOH levels in excess of the legal blood alcohol content (BAC) (≥0.10%). Methods: An audit of trauma registry records from January 2009 to June 2015 was performed. Abstracted data included patient demographics, BAC measurements, all available formal determinations of urine/serum “drug screening,” Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) assessments, injury mechanism/severity, and 30-day mortality. Stratification of BAC was based on the 0.10% cutoff. Parametric and nonparametric statistical testing was performed, as appropriate, with significance set at α = 0.05. Results: We analyzed 1550 patients (71% males, mean age: 38.7 years) who had both EtOH and SOA screening. Median GCS was 15 (interquartile range [IQR]: 14–15). Median ISS was 9 (IQR: 5–17). Overall 30-day mortality was 4.25%, with no difference between elevated (≥0.10) and normal ( Conclusions: This study confirms that a significant proportion of trauma patients with admission BAC ≥0.10% present with the evidence of additional substance use. Cocaine and opioids were most strongly associated with acute alcohol intoxication. Our findings support the need for further research in this important area of public health concern. In addition, specific efforts should focus on primary identification, remediation of withdrawal symptoms, prevention of drug-drug interactions, and early PSA intervention.
Acknowledging the challenges of pedagogical innovation: the case of integrating research, teaching, and the practice of environmental leadership

Providing opportunities for community engagement and research is part of many environmental sciences and studies programs. Because of the constraints of the typical classroom environment, we need to develop innovative pedagogical tools to allow students to do this kind of work thoughtfully. A partnership between Duke University, a major private research university in Durham, NC, and Paul Quinn College, a small HBCU in Dallas, TX, allowed students to collaborate on community-based participatory research projects and a cross-campus semester-long immersive learning experience. This partnership was grounded in our experience in environmental leadership, social entrepreneurship, and ecological restoration and was led primarily by Duke faculty. We share valuable lessons about engaging in communities outside of our home institution and for working across campuses. Cross-campus collaboration, while logistically challenging, offers ways to connect students in different learning environments but with the same goals and passion for community engagement and research.
Permanent and Transient Effects of High-Temperature Bias Stress on Room- Temperature $V_{T}$ Drift Measurements in SiC Power MOSFETs

Differences in the bias-temperature-stress response of SiC MOSFETs result from the complex interaction of the charge trapping mechanisms responsible for threshold voltage (V T ) instability with and the methods used to actually measure V T . We seek to better understand how accurate assessment of V T drift, caused by both permanent and recoverable components, is influenced by measurement temperature and bias removal. Modern commercial SiC MOSFETs appear to be generally robust and show minimal permanent drift, while their transient responses observed are consistent with fully recoverable, stress-time driven charge trapping. However, some older devices have shown significant transient behaviors, and it is not guaranteed that all future devices will be so well-behaved, necessitating effective methods to screen for these effects.
A Novel TDC Scheme: Combinatorial Gray Code Oscillator Based TDC for Low Power and Low Resource Usage Applications

In common digital electronics design practice, combinatorial loop is less preferable, especially in the multi-bit cases. An exception of multi-bit feedback system that is allowed to be implemented in combinatorial loop is the Gray code sequence generator. The Gray code sequence generator runs by itself without being driven by an external clock. It steps through Gray code sequence significantly faster than the Gray code counter under the same silicon technology. In high energy physics experiments, it is necessary to find a low resource usage and low power TDC (Time-to-Digital-Converter) scheme for high channel count detectors. A Gray code oscillator based TDC is a good candidate for such a scheme. In this paper, we describe our work of design and implementation of a TDC based on combinatorial Gray code oscillator in a Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array). The implementation and test results are presented. The test result shows that the TDC using only 8 logic elements is able to reach a RMS precision of 160 ps for time difference measurements of a single pulse. The single pulse measurement precision can be further improved to 51 ps with the weighted average scheme using data from the same TDC channels captured by 4 consecutive system clock edges.
Regulation of SOX9 Activity During Chondrogenesis

Abstract In vertebrae, most of the skeleton is formed through endochondral ossification. Endochondral bone formation requires multiple steps. Cartilage anlagen is formed through various steps including mesenchymal condensation and chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation, prehypertrophy, and hypertrophy. Then, vascular invasion and endochondral ossification occur at the site of hypertrophic chondrocytes, and bone replaces cartilage. Through the use of genetically modified mice with loss of function and gain of function mutations and biochemical methods, SOX9 (SRY (sex-determining region Y)-related HMG box containing protein 9), a transcription factor, has been shown to contribute to the overt steps of chondrogenesis as a master regulatory factor. SOX9 precisely regulates chondrogenesis and its timing, mostly enhancing and sometimes repressing targets whose genes or regulatory regions are bound by SOX9. The transactivation activity of SOX9 in the cell is regulated by changes in its protein level and/or its potential activity through posttranslational modification or dimerization. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of SOX9 during chondrogenesis.
Modeling Complex Systems: Surrogate Modeling and Design Space Reduction

Overview In this chapter, we introduce efficient mathematical approaches to model the behavior of complex systems in the context of optimizing the system. Specifically, complex systems often involve a large number of design parameters (to be tuned), and the optimization of these systems often demand large scale computational simulations or experiments to quantify the system behavior. The resulting high dimensionality of the design space, the prohibitive computation time (or expense), or the lack of mathematical models present important challenges to the quantitative optimization of these complex systems. This chapter introduces traditional and contemporary approaches, such as design variable linking and surrogate modeling, to address the modeling challenges encountered in solving complex optimization problems. Section 15.2 discusses the generic challenges in complex optimization problems. The impact of problem dimension is addressed in Sec. 15.3, where design variable linking and design of experiments are introduced. Section 15.4 presents surrogate modeling, where the discussion includes: the process, the polynomial response surface methodology, the radial basis function method, the Kriging method, and the artificial neural network method. The chapter concludes with a summary provided in Section. 15.5. Modeling Challenges in Complex Optimization Problems Modeling is one of the primary activities in optimization. Leveraging computational tools and models, as opposed to purely depending on experiments, can be considered the way forward in the area of system optimization. The design of complex systems, such as aircrafts, cars, and smart-grid networks, are increasingly performed using simulation-based design and analysis tools such as Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The incorporation of these tools has dramatically transformed modern engineering design and optimization approaches. These changes, however, are not free of challenges. For example, modern aerospace systems present significantly complex design requirements [1], where design objectives generally involve improving performance, reducing costs, and maximizing safety. Another example is the optimization of a vehicle structure to absorb crash energy, maintain adequate passenger space, and control crash deceleration pulse during collisions [2].
DegreeSketch: Distributed Cardinality Sketches on Massive Graphs with Applications.

We present DegreeSketch, a semi-streaming distributed sketch data structure and demonstrate its utility for estimating local neighborhood sizes and local triangle count heavy hitters on massive graphs. DegreeSketch consists of vertex-centric cardinality sketches distributed across a set of processors that are accumulated in a single pass, and then behaves as a persistent query engine capable of approximately answering graph queries pertaining to the sizes of adjacency set unions and intersections. The $t$th local neighborhood of a vertex is the number of vertices reachable in $G$ from $v$ by traversing at most $t$ edges, whereas the local triangle count is the number of 3-cycles in which it is included. Both metrics are useful in graph analysis applications, but exact computations scale poorly as graph sizes grow. We present efficient algorithms for estimating both local neighborhood sizes and local triangle count heavy hitters using DegreeSketch. In our experiments we implement DegreeSketch using the celebrated hyperloglog cardinality sketch and utilize the distributed communication tool YGM to achieve state-of-the-art performance in distributed memory.
Together We Can Do So Much: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework of Collaboration in Schools

Effective collaboration is associated with positive outcomes for students and is a key component of equitable educational opportunities. There are challenges to effective collaboration, however, as...
When technology goes unnoticed: teacher beliefs and assumptions about technology use in three 9th grade English classrooms

This manuscript explores teacher beliefs about technology in three 9th grade English classrooms. Examining these teachers’ pedagogical uses of technology and their discussion of technology with the...
Integrated Limb Lengthening Is Superior to Classical Limb Lengthening: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Literature.

Integrated limb lengthening combines both internal and external fixation methods. It has been introduced to improve time to union, patient time in frame, risk of regenerate refracture, and patient function. We systematically review studies to assess whether integrated limb lengthening methods are superior to classic limb lengthening. Methods A total of 457 patients had classic limb lengthening, whereas 488 underwent integrated limb lengthening. The primary outcome measures were total length achieved (cm), external fixator index (month/cm) and bone healing index (month/cm). Problems, obstacles, and sequelae were compared using random effects meta-analyses of all available cases. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to compare the time spent in frame. Results Integrated limb lengthening demonstrated a superior external fixator index (P = 0.0001) and bone healing index (P = 0.0146). The mean time spent in frame for integrated lengthening was significantly shorter (P = 0.0015). Significantly fewer problems (P = 0.000) and sequelae (P = 0.001) were observed with integrated lengthening. Deep infections were more common in the integrated cohort. The lengthening over a nail deep infection rate was significantly higher than with the lengthening and then nailing and lengthening and then plating techniques (P = 0.005). Conclusions Integrated methods of limb lengthening are superior to classic methods. We suggest the integration of plates and nails with circular frames to improve outcomes in patients undergoing limb lengthening procedures.
Convex integration for diffusion equations and Lipschitz solutions of polyconvex gradient flows

This paper is concerned with nonuniqueness and instability of the initial-boundary value problem for certain general systems of nonlinear diffusion equations. We explore the diffusion problems using the convex integration framework of nonhomogeneous space-time partial differential inclusions. Under a non-degeneracy (openness) condition called Condition (OC), we establish some nonuniqueness and instability results concerning Lipschitz solutions for such diffusion systems. For parabolic systems, this Condition (OC) proves to be compatible with strong polyconvexity. As a result, we prove that the initial-boundary value problem for gradient flows of certain $$2\times 2$$ strongly polyconvex functionals possesses weakly* convergent sequences of exact Lipschitz solutions whose weak* limits are not a weak solution. Such an instability result cannot be obtained from the corresponding elliptic system.
Gabapentin Enacarbil Extended-Release Versus Placebo: A Likely Responder Reanalysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND We reanalyzed a multisite 26-week randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of 600 mg twice-a-day Gabapentin Enacarbil Extended-Release (GE-XR), a gabapentin prodrug, designed to evaluate safety and efficacy for treating alcohol use disorder. In the original analysis (n = 338), published in 2019, GE-XR did not differ from placebo. Our aim is to advance precision medicine by identifying likely responders to GE-XR from the trial data and to determine for likely responders if GE-XR is causally superior to placebo. METHODS The primary outcome measure in the reanalysis is the reduction from baseline of the number of heavy drinking days (ΔHDD). Baseline features including measures of alcohol use, anxiety, depression, mood states, sleep, and impulsivity were used in a random forest (RF) model to predict ΔHDD to treatment with GE-XR based on those assigned to GE-XR. The resulting RF model was used to obtain predicted outcomes for those randomized to GE-XR and counterfactually to those randomized to placebo. Likely responders to GE-XR were defined as those predicted to have a reduction of 14 days or more. Tests of causal superiority of GE-XR to placebo were obtained for likely responders and for the whole sample. RESULTS For likely responders, GE-XR was causally superior to placebo (p < 0.0033), while for the whole sample, there was no difference. Likely responders exhibited improved outcomes for the related outcomes of percent HDD and drinks per week. Compared with unlikely responders, at baseline likely responders had higher HDDs; lower levels of anxiety, depression, and general mood disturbances; and higher levels of cognitive and motor impulsivity. CONCLUSIONS There are substantial causal benefits of treatment with GE-XR for a subset of patients predicted to be likely responders. The likely responder statistical paradigm is a promising approach for analyzing randomized clinical trials to advance personalized treatment.
Bohmian mechanics at space–time singularities: II. Spacelike singularities

We develop an extension of Bohmian mechanics by defining Bohm-like trajectories for quantum particles in a curved background space–time containing a spacelike singularity. As an example of such a metric we use the Schwarzschild metric, which contains two spacelike singularities, one in the past and one in the future. Since the particle world lines are everywhere timelike or lightlike, particles can be annihilated but not created at a future spacelike singularity, and created but not annihilated at a past spacelike singularity. It is argued that in the presence of future (past) spacelike singularities, there is a unique natural Bohm-like evolution law directed to the future (past). This law differs from the one in non-singular space–times mainly in two ways: it involves Fock space since the particle number is not conserved, and the wave function is replaced by a density matrix. In particular, we determine the evolution equation for the density matrix, a pure-to-mixed evolution equation of a quasi-Lindblad form. We have to leave open whether a curvature cut-off needs to be introduced for this equation to be well defined.
Agency mission statements provide insight into the purpose and practice of conservation

Debates among scholars reveal rifts in the conservation community concerning the purposes of conservation that might be explained by shifting public values. We examined mission statements of 50-sta...
Lingering relevance: the discourse-driven emergence of the perfect or anterior construction in Kalapalo, Southern Cariban (Brazil)

The perfect or anterior in Kalapalo (Southern Cariban) plays important discourse driven roles in several narrative and ceremonial speech genres. It appears to be a relatively recent feature compared with descriptions of morphosemantic cognates in Northern Cariban languages. The basic perfect morpheme atehe, PER is a syntactically and semantically multifunctional hybrid or mixed element, having both adverbial and verbal features. A phonologically separate postposition, atehe references a) the consequences of prior events involving participants focused in a narrative; b) later situations and experiential consequences of those situations; and c) stance-creating situations appearing in quoted conversations.
Honing in on the effectors of oxidative stress in the asthmatic lung: oxidised phosphatidylcholines

Pascoe et al. examine BAL samples from asthmatic patients challenged with diluent or allergen, and from patients with/without AHR, to establish the specific oxidised PCs that associate with AHR and are induced by allergic lung challenge.https://bit.ly/2TeSzH6
Assessment of Extractability and Accuracy of Electronic Health Record Data for Joint Implant Registries

Importance Implant registries provide valuable information on the performance of implants in a real-world setting, yet they have traditionally been expensive to establish and maintain. Electronic health records (EHRs) are widely used and may include the information needed to generate clinically meaningful reports similar to a formal implant registry. Objectives To quantify the extractability and accuracy of registry-relevant data from the EHR and to assess the ability of these data to track trends in implant use and the durability of implants (hereafter referred to as implant survivorship), using data stored since 2000 in the EHR of the largest integrated health care system in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of a large EHR of veterans who had 45 351 total hip arthroplasty procedures in Veterans Health Administration hospitals from 2000 to 2017. Data analysis was performed from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017. Exposures Total hip arthroplasty. Main Outcomes and Measures Number of total hip arthroplasty procedures extracted from the EHR, trends in implant use, and relative survivorship of implants. Results A total of 45 351 total hip arthroplasty procedures were identified from 2000 to 2017 with 192 805 implant parts. Data completeness improved over the time. After 2014, 85% of prosthetic heads, 91% of shells, 81% of stems, and 85% of liners used in the Veterans Health Administration health care system were identified by part number. Revision burden and trends in metal vs ceramic prosthetic femoral head use were found to reflect data from the American Joint Replacement Registry. Recalled implants were obvious negative outliers in implant survivorship using Kaplan-Meier curves. Conclusions and Relevance Although loss to follow-up remains a challenge that requires additional attention to improve the quantitative nature of calculated implant survivorship, we conclude that data collected during routine clinical care and stored in the EHR of a large health system over 18 years were sufficient to provide clinically meaningful data on trends in implant use and to identify poor implants that were subsequently recalled. This automated approach was low cost and had no reporting burden. This low-cost, low-overhead method to assess implant use and performance within a large health care setting may be useful to internal quality assurance programs and, on a larger scale, to postmarket surveillance of implant performance.
Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele.

Objective To determine the influence of normograde (NG) versus retrograde (RG) catheterization of the cystic duct and common bile duct (CBD) in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) treated with open cholecystectomy. Study design Retrospective study. Animals Dogs (n = 117) with GBM. Methods Medical records were reviewed for signalment, history, clinical laboratory and diagnostic imaging findings, details of surgery including catheterization method, complications, and outcome. Long-term follow-up data were obtained by telephone or electronic communication. Relationships between catheterization method and clinical variables and outcome were evaluated. Results Dogs catheterized RG were more likely to experience any postoperative complication (p = .0004) including persistence of gastrointestinal signs (p = .0003). Survival to discharge and long-term survival did not differ by group (p = .23 and p = .49). Total bilirubin (TB) decreased by 70.3% after NG catheterization compared to 39.1% after RG catheterization (p = .03) and increased in 14.9% dogs catheterized NG and 38.0% dogs catheterized RG (p = .004). The presence of a diplomate surgeon at surgery resulted in decreased incidences of any perioperative or postoperative complication (p = .003 and p = .05). Conclusion Retrograde catheterization was associated with more postoperative concerns than NG catheterization, but similar survival times. Surgery should be performed by diplomates experienced in biliary surgery to minimize complications. Clinical significance Although both NG and RG techniques to catheterize the cystic duct and CBD are options for treatment of GBM with low mortality, results of this study provide some evidence to recommend NG over RG catheterization.
Intensifying chemical looping dry reforming: Process modeling and systems analysis

Abstract Dry reforming of methane (DRM) to synthesis gas is one of the most well-developed CO2 utilization approaches, but it suffers from low efficiency. This paper explores the use of “chemical looping dry reforming” (CLDR) to intensify DRM by improving its carbon balance and energy efficiency and producing inherently separated syngas (CO and H2) streams. Performance models are presented for a comparative evaluation of four different process configurations, based on different schemes for supplying the heat needed for the endothermal reforming reaction: Combustion of auxiliary methane feed, combustion of some of the produced CO, or internal combustion of a fraction of the carbon formed in the cracking step, either with air or with pure oxygen. Our results show that the CLDR processes can significantly exceed the efficiency of conventional dry reforming in terms of syngas yield and CO2 utilization. The configurations with internal carbon combustion showed the highest efficiency, confirming the importance of heat transfer limitations for dry reforming and highlighting the ability to overcome these limitations via innovative process designs that are enabled by the flexibility offered by the separated reaction steps in chemical looping schemes. Furthermore, all CLDR processes produce inherently separated syngas streams, which makes them a flexible option for a range of downstream technologies without the need for additional process steps to adjust the H2/CO ratio required in conventional dry reforming of methane. Overall, the results confirm that CLDR is a technically viable and strongly intensified process alternative to conventional DRM as a CH4-conversion and CO2-utilization technology.
A narrative review of methods used to examine digital gaming impacts on learning and cognition during middle childhood

Abstract Middle childhood remains a privileged albeit understudied developmental period in studies examining child-computer interactions, particularly as it pertains to digital game play. Middle childhood also is marked by increasing digital game play, arguably the most common form of child-computer interactions during this developmental period. For example, children between the ages of 6 and 8 play digital games 60-90 min per day and 47% of 3rd to 8th grade teachers reported using digital games in their classrooms several times a week (Vega & Robb, 2019). Surprisingly, how content learning and cognition may be facilitated through digital gaming remains sparsely investigated among children during this period. In the studies that do examine the linkages between game play and content learning or cognition, research methodologies vary markedly. The goal of this narrative review is to help bring greater cohesion to the research literature, which often spans many disciplines. This review emphasizes the games, measurement of outcomes, and research designs that have been used to examine content learning and cognitive skills among children ages 6 to 12 in the context of digital games.