cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seismic Forces on Engineering Structures

Formula for determining seismic lateral-force factors similar to those used in building codes is developed from seismological data; it is based on theoretical reactions of simple, low-damped oscillators to recorded earthquake motions, assuming that each oscillator simulates motion of particular type of engineering structure; 4 relationships and concepts incorporated in formula are indicated.
Uncertainty treatment in input–output analysis

This work provides an extensive overview of the input-output (IO) literature, both theoretical and empirical, dealing with the inherent IO data uncertainty issues. The survey is carried out on the basis of a specific uncertainty technique used, rather than taking a chronological overview approach, which also allows for easier comparisons and linking of the outcomes of the individual contributions. Thus, we discuss the literature within seven methodological blocks (sections), which include deterministic error analysis, econometric and other (non-Bayesian) statistical approaches, random error analysis and probabilistic approach, full probability density distribution approach, Monte Carlo analysis, Bayesian approach, and other techniques. Within each section, the literature on a certain topic is reviewed in its historical context, which helps to clarify the state of the art. Our main findings from this survey, related discussions, final remarks and observations are given in the concluding section.
Predicting Bank Deposits and Loans

Models for determining optimal levels of advertising expenditures require an equation that relates such expenditures to sales in the context of other marketing efforts and the environment of the fi...
Fluorophlogopite and Taeniolite: Synthesis and Nanocomposite Formation

Sodium fluorophlogopite and lithium taeniolite have been synthesized by new routes for application in lithium batteries. The fluorophlogopite synthesized by a high temperature solid state reaction, was found to be non-water-swellable and unreactive towards several mono- and divalent ions. However, it was found to readily undergo ion-exchange with both copper and iron ions, with concomitant swelling to a bilayer water state. This swelled material reacted readily with long chain amines and other molecules and ions behaving like a regular swellable silicate. A taeniolite precursor was synthesized by mild hydrothermal reactions, and annealed into a well crystalline layer solid, that reacted readily with organics to form ordered composites that have potential use as battery electrolytes and cathodes.
Framework design of meticulous orderly power consumption management

Several existing problems in orderly power consumption management were surveyed. Aiming at these problems,a basic framework for meticulous orderly power consumption management was proposed guided by the core idea of meticulous management. Orderly power consumption management thus was divided into four key links: establishing the comprehensive evaluation system,decomposing the peak shifting and averting quotas scientifically and reasonably,designing the orderly power consumption plan based upon decision making model,carrying out post-implementation assessment. Realization of the framework and its space-time cooperative mechanism were discussed. The proposed framework was a rich synthesis of meticulous management and closed loop feedback ideas. It will hopefully promote management performance and improve system energy efficiency. Preliminary practice of meticulous orderly power consumption management in the construction of Foshan orderly power consumption management platform was finally described.
Galantamine Attenuates Type 1 Diabetes and Inhibits Anti-Insulin Antibodies in Nonobese Diabetic Mice

Type 1 diabetes in mice is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Disease pathogenesis involves invasion of pancreatic islets by immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, and production of antibodies to self-antigens, including insulin. Activation of the inflammatory reflex, the neural circuit that inhibits inflammation, culminates on cholinergic receptor signals on immune cells to attenuate cytokine release and inhibit B-cell antibody production. Here, we show that galantamine, a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an activator of the inflammatory reflex, attenuates murine experimental type 1 diabetes. Administration of galantamine to animals immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) significantly suppressed splenocyte release of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 during KLH challenge ex vivo. Administration of galantamine beginning at 1 month of age in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice significantly delayed the onset of hyperglycemia, attenuated immune cell infiltration in pancreatic islets and decreased anti-insulin antibodies in serum. These observations indicate that galantamine attenuates experimental type 1 diabetes in mice and suggest that activation of the inflammatory reflex should be further studied as a potential therapeutic approach.
A compreensão dos conceitos de fenômeno religioso em Eliade e Durkheim

O presente artigo objetivou apresentar a descricao do fenomeno religioso, nas perspectivas da filosofia da religiao, em conjunto com a descricao realizada pela sociologia. Buscou-se nesse aspecto, reportar-se ao construto teorico de Mircea Eliade e Emile Durkheim, apresentando um panorama introdutorio dos conceitos, servindo de base para aprofundamentos futuros dos estudos de religiao, a partir de uma visao centrada na dimensao de pertinencia da religiao e dos fenomenos religiosos, como subjacente a dimensao humana.
Family Caregivers’ Perspectives on Hospice Nursing Care:

In hospice nursing, dying persons and their families are the unit of care and the focus of nursing interventions which are provided within the context of interdisciplinary care. The key component of hospice nursing is the interaction between the nurse, the terminally ill person, and the family. This naturalistic study was designed to describe the family caregiver's relationships between the hospice patient, the nurse, and themselves. The intent was to determine if family caregivers would develop empathic relationships with the hospice nurses. Nine bereaved family caregivers participated in the study. All were bereaved at least six months prior to being interviewed. The major finding of the study was that family caregivers perceived the hospice nurses as part of the family. The hospice nurses were characterized as respectful, kind, caring, clinical experts whose presence and interventions helped meet the needs of the family experiencing death.
Associations Between Body Appreciation and Comfort Communicating About Sex: A Brief Report

Communicating about sex with potential or current sex partners can lead to many positive outcomes, including fewer unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Although body image is related to many sexual health behaviors, the association between positive body image and comfort communicating about sex is underexplored. The purpose of the current study is to better understand this relationship among a sample of 399 18- to 25-year-old college women. Results suggest that positive body image, measured by body appreciation, is related to greater comfort communicating about sex with a current sex partner, even after accounting for body mass index (BMI).
Islamism, Secularism and the Woman Question in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring: Evidence from the Arab Barometer

The uprisings that led to regime change during the early period of the Arab Spring were initially inclusive and pluralistic in nature, with men and women from every political and religious orientation engaging actively in political activities on the street and in virtual spaces. While there was an opening of political space for women and the inclusion of demands of marginalized groups in the activists’ agenda, the struggle to reimagine national identities that balance Islamic roots and secular yearnings is still ongoing in many countries in the region. This paper seeks to deepen understanding of the extent to which the pluralistic sentiments and openness to accepting the rights women have persisted following the uprising. We aim to examine changes in attitudes towards women’s equality in countries that underwent regime change through popular uprisings during revolutionary upheavals of the Arab Spring and in countries where regimes have remained unchanged. Using available data from consecutive rounds of the Arab Barometer survey, we examine changes in attitudes in nine countries with two rounds of Arab Barometer during and post Arab Spring (Egypt, Yemen, Tunisia, Algeria, Lebanon, Sudan, Jordan, Iraq, Palestine). We find that support for “Muslim feminism” (an interpretation of gender equality grounded in Islam) has increased over the period and particularly in Arab Spring countries, while support for “secular feminism” has declined. In most countries examined, relatively high degrees of support for gender equality co-exist with a preference for Islamic interpretations of personal status codes pertaining to women. We discuss the implications of these findings for academics and activists concerned with women’s rights in the Middle East North Africa (MENA).
Brief Announcement: Hardware Transactional Storage Class Memory

Emerging persistent memory technologies (generically referred to as Storage Class Memory or SCM) hold tremendous promise for accelerating popular data-management applications like in-memory databases. However, programmers now need to deal with ensuring the atomicity of transactions on SCM-resident data and maintaining consistency between the persistent and in-memory execution orders of concurrent transactions. The problem is specially challenging when high-performance isolation mechanisms like Hardware Transaction Memory (HTM) are used for concurrency control. In this work we show how SCM-based HTM transactions can be ordered correctly using existing CPU instructions, without requiring any changes to existing processor cache hardware or HTM protocols. We describe a method that employs HTM for concurrency control and enforces atomic persistence and consistency with a novel software protocol and back-end external memory controller. In contrast, previous approaches require significant hardware changes to existing processor microarchitectures.
A 700-Mb/s/pin CMOS signaling interface using current integrating receivers

A high speed CMOS signaling interface for application in multiprocessor interconnection networks has been developed. The interface utilizes I-V push-pull drivers, a delay line phase-locked loop (PLL), and sampling of the data on both edges of the clock. In order to increase the noise immunity of the reception, a current-integrating input pin sampler is used to receive the incoming data. Chips fabricated in a 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology achieve transfer rates of 740 Mb/s/pin operating from a 3.3 V supply with a bit error rate of less than 10/sup -14/.
Estimating and Comparing Economic Consequences of Multiple Threats: A Reduced-Form Computable General Equilibrium Approach

Abstract Policymakers and analysts in homeland security and emergency management need standardized estimates of economic impacts to allocate resources to reduce losses across multiple threat types including terrorism events, natural disasters, and technological accidents. To date, mainly single-threat analyses have been conducted, using a wide variety of methods. This article proposes a multi-threat analytical framework based on computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling. CGE-generated GDP impacts are calculated using Monte Carlo simulations of key drivers of disaster losses, creating synthetic data for regression analysis of causal factors influencing results. This approach improves the overall accuracy of modeling, facilitates multi-hazard comparison of economic impacts, and allows for decomposition of direct and general equilibrium impacts. The decomposed results across five threat types confirm the importance of behavioral and economic resilience factors, which are rarely modeled, differ substantially across various threat types, and are critical in risk management. Results from this approach allow policymakers to rapidly and easily evaluate the magnitude of numerous threats and efficiently allocate budgets across interdiction, mitigation and resilience options.
Bottom up saliency evaluation via deep features of state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks

The recent trends of saliency modeling suggest that deep learning based saliency models are viable tools as they achieve outstanding results. However, they require large training times and expensive hardware. In this study, we present a bottom up saliency model that exploit deep features from a pre-trained deep convolutional neural network. We evaluate deep features of a variety of activations from seven state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural networks, including 35 implementations of the proposed bottom up saliency model. All implementations are evaluated over a popular dataset using three evaluation metrics. The experimental results suggest that deep features of a network trained for object classification can be used for saliency modeling. While the ranking of the saliency models is varied across scores, majority of the GoogLeNet based implementations outperformed all other implementations.
Timing is everything: intraperitoneal chemotherapy after primary or interval debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer

To evaluate the outcomes of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IP) compared with those of intravenous chemotherapy (IV) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and interval debulking surgery (IDS) or primary debulking surgery (PDS). Patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated with PDS or NACT and IDS from 2006 to 2015 were identified. Comparative statistics were used to evaluate covariates, and survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with log-rank tests. Sixty-six patients received NACT followed by IDS with residual disease of ≤ 1 cm; 42 of these patients (63.6%) received IP therapy; and 24 patients (36.3%) had IV therapy only after IDS. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16.0 months in the IP group and 13.5 months in the IV group (p = 0.13). The estimated median overall survival (OS) was 64.0 months with IP and 50.0 months with IV (p = 0.44). During the same study period, 149 patients underwent optimal PDS after which 93 patients (62.4%) received IP and 56 patients (37.6%) were given IV chemotherapy. Patients after IP demonstrated improved survival outcomes when compared to patients after IV therapy. The median PFS was 28.0 months after IP and 16.5 months after IV (p = 0.0006), and the median OS was not reached for IP and 50.0 months after IV (p < 0.0001). Although IP chemotherapy after PDS is associated with improved survival, IP therapy after NACT and IDS, despite high rates of completion, may not have the same degree of survival advantage over IV therapy.
Beyond the Usual Complaints: The Front-Line Challenges and Opportunities of Small MPA Programs

AbstractThis article uses narratives to consider our experiences administering a small, regionally focused Master of Public Administration (MPA) program accredited by the Network of Schools of Publ...
Some Harmonic Analysis

The space ℒ consists of smooth functions which together with all their derivatives decay rapidly to zero as x → ∞. It is very useful in Fourier analysis, as it forms an easily manipulated family of functions which is mapped isomorphically onto itself by the Fourier transform. From this starting point, the classical theorems of Plancherel and Hausdorf—Young follow by straightforward completion arguments. This convenient formulation was exploited by S. Bochner. It was the inspired idea of L. Schwartz that an extension by duality, rather than continuity, gives a far-reaching generalization of the Fourier transform which has been crucial in modern analysis ever since. It is the goal of this chapter to give a brief description of these ideas. At the same time we review the basic techniques of the Theory of Distributions. It is assumed that the reader has a modest familiarity with the elementary Theory of Distributions. A brief introduction is presented in Appendix A.
Fabrication of Short-Gate GaAs MESFETs by Electron Beam Lithography

We have used an ISI-100B scanning electron microscope to fabricate GaAs MESFETs with gate lengths between 30 and 100 nm. Direct write was achieved with 40 kV electron exposure of 950 000 molecular weight PMMA and a liftoff process. All fabrication levels were performed using EBL with a desktop computer used to control all timing and vector scan settings. Output was via two 12-bit D/As. The gate metal was 40 nm thick gold and fit in 2.3 to 3 micron source-drain spacings. Maximum gm achieved was 85 ms/mm (with calculated intrinsic gm of 110 ms/mm) for a 45 nm gate device. This is consistent with modeling performed by W. CURTICE at RCA in Princeton, New Jersey, for parameters similar to ours. It was found that pinchoff was achieved for gate voltages of −3 volts and drain voltages up to 2.5 volts. It is believed that charge injection into the substrate caused lack of pinchoff after that point.
Governing Equations for Particle Transport in Porous Media

The migration and capture of particles, such as colloidal materials and microorganisms, through porous media occur in fields as diverse as water and wastewater treatment, well drilling, and in various liquid-solid separation processes. In liquid waste disposal projects, suspended solids can cause the injection well to become clogged, and groundwater quality can be endangered by suspended clay and silt particles migrating to the formation adjacent to the wellbore. In addition to reducing the permeability of the soil, mobile particles can carry groundwater contaminants adsorbed onto their surfaces. Furthermore, as in the case of contamination from septic tanks, the particles themselves may be pathogens, i.e., bacteria and viruses.
Origin of sequence heterogeneity of the small subunit of fraction 1 protein from Nicotianatabacum

Abstract The partial amino acid sequences of the small subunit of Fraction 1 protein from N. sylvestris , N. tomentosiformis and N. tabacum were determined. The sequence of N. sylvestris is NH2. Gln-Val-Trp-Pro-Pro-Ile-Asn-----Tyr·COOH. In the sequence up to the 7th amino acid and C-terminus, differences were only found at the 6th position in the three species, where N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis show Ile and Tyr, respectively. N. tabacum show both Ile and Tyr in almost equal amount at this position. These results confirmed a previous hypothesis that N. tabacum had been evolved through the hybridization of N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis .
Can Lawyers Be Cured?: Nietzsche's Theory of Eternal Recurrence and the Lacanian Death Drive

Perhaps Nietzsche's strangest idea is "eternal recurrence." Indeed, it is so strange that, despite its centrality in his works, some of Nietzsche's modern interpreters - most notably Alexander Nehemas - distance themselves from a literal interpretation of the doctrine. Rather than a cosmology, it becomes a mere thought experiment. This may be necessary if one wants to defend Nietzscheanism as single coherent philosophy. It does, however, fly in the face of much of Nietzsche's language. In this Article, Schroeder offers some thoughts based on Lacanian psychoanalysis on both the concept of eternal recurrence as well as the reactions of modern day Nietzscheans toward it. She suggests, among other things, that eternal recurrence looks forward to Lacan's concept of drive: the abandonment of desire, understood as the pursuit of a teleological goal, in favor of circular, iterative activity. Surprisingly, in psychoanalysis "drive" brings cure - relief from the unbearable pressures of desire. Does this suggest why eternal recurrence held so much fascination for a man locked in a losing battle with psychosis? From this she asks whether the concept of eternal recurrence has any relevance to the practice of law? Can lawyers be cured? This Article first explores accounts of eternal recurrence and the case for treating it as a thought experiment, or theory of human nature, as opposed to a cosmology, or theory of nature. Prof. Schroeder then suggests a few interpretations of eternal recurrence drawn from Lacanian theory. First, one simplistic version of the theory of eternal recurrence is an example of the masculine sexuated position - an attempt to deny the split or negativity that constitutes subjectivity that Nietzsche recognizes elsewhere in his work. Second, the presumption adopted by some Nietzscheans that one can both claim to reject a literal interpretation of eternal recurrence while simultaneously using it "as though it might be true" for certain purposes reflects the psychoanalytic strategy known the "fetishist split". Third, Prof. Schroeder offers a more sophisticated interpretation of eternal recurrence, comparing it to Lacan's concept of "drive." She then turns to an analysis of legal practice based on Lacanian discourse theory. She asks whether an attorney can cure herself from the unhappiness and resentment caused by desire by adopting a theory of eternal recurrence and still successfully engage in the practice of law.
Utilizing celebrity endorsements to teach over-the-counter medication and dietary supplement regulations.

Abstract Background and purpose Celebrity endorsements have a profound impact on consumers’ purchases and lifestyles. Pharmacists and student pharmacists must be aware of celebrity endorsements of over-the-counter (OTC) medications and dietary supplements to properly advise patients regarding safety and effectiveness, or lack thereof, of endorsed products. Educational activity and setting An application-based activity was utilized in a self-care course to apply OTC medication and dietary supplement regulations to celebrity endorsements of these products. Students were asked to identify a celebrity endorsement of a product, providing: (1) the product endorsed, (2) celebrity endorser, (3) location of the endorsement, (4) summary of the endorsement and the endorsement itself, (5) assess if the endorsement violated any regulations, and (6) assess if the endorsement was in disagreement with evidence-based resources. Findings Student pharmacists concluded that 30% of celebrity endorsements violated laws and regulations while 35% concluded the claims made were not supported by evidence-based literature. Interestingly, student pharmacists who selected the same endorsements did not always arrive at the same conclusions. Summary Studied endorsements were frequently found to be in violation of laws and regulations governing OTC medications and dietary supplements and frequently were not supported by evidence-based literature. The activity described provides an innovative active-learning strategy to teach laws and regulations affecting OTC medications and dietary supplements.
Using Algorithmic Complexity to Differentiate Cognitive States in fMRI

Functional magnetic resonance imaging data has been increasingly available in recent years, and will continue to increase in volume for the foreseeable future. The ability to model this data as a complex network, and to analyze the resulting networks for patterns that reveal insight into the structure-function relationship of the brain has been a significant development. Despite the progress made, there remains a number of important open questions where a network science perspective may prove insightful. In this paper we perform an empirical investigation into whether the Kolmogorov complexity of the adjacency matrix of a functional brain network can be used to discern what cognitive task a subject is performing, or whether they are in a resting state. The complexity is approximated using the Block Decomposition Method (BMD), and our analysis also provides comparison to the block entropy and compression length (by gzip). Subject data was acquired from the Human Connectome Project, Release Q3. This initial investigation finds that BDM is capable of discerning resting state from other tasks, and provides hints that further development of the method for brain networks if using larger block sizes may be capable of further distinguishing between tasks.
Delay discounting and its association with food purchasing considerations and food availability in the home in south-east Alabama, USA.

Objective Certain factors, such as food quality, label content and grocery characteristics, may be considered when purchasing foods. Food availability in the home has been shown to influence dietary behaviours, also associated with delay discounting (DD). The present study sought to characterize the relationships between DD, food purchasing considerations and healthfulness of foods in the home. Design A cross-sectional, online survey of adults (n 477) was conducted with the following measures: DD, consideration of food quality (nutrition, taste) and grocery characteristics (price, ease of preparation, shelf-life) while shopping, use of food labels and food availability in the home. DD was assessed by the area under the delay discounting curve (AUC) using a binary choice task. Greater AUC reflects lower DD. Structural equation modelling was used to allow AUC to simultaneously predict purchasing considerations and foods in the home. Setting Online survey.ParticipantsAdult employees in south-east Alabama, USA. Results DD was negatively associated with food label use and emphasis on food quality when shopping (Pl0·001). In the final model, DD was associated with availability of healthful foods in the home and emphasis on food quality and grocery characteristics. About 33 % of the variance in shopping behaviours, 5 % in food label use, 7 % in availability of healthful foods and 4 % in availability of unhealthful foods was explained by DD. Conclusions Individuals with lower DD appear to be more thoughtful in making food purchasing decisions and have healthful foods available in the home more frequently than individuals with higher DD.
Constitutive Modeling of Polycrystalline Metals at Large Strains

In polycrystalline metals the major cause of the anisotropic plastic response is crystallographic texture resulting from the reorientation of the crystal lattices of grains during deformation. There have been considerable recent advances in the understanding of anisotropy due to crystallographic texturing, and a reasonably successful, physically-based elasto-viscoplasticity theory for the deformation of face- and bodycentered-cubic polycrystals deforming by crystallographic slip is now at hand. The constitutive equations in the theory are reviewed, and the implementation of these equations in a finite element program is described. The theory is able to predict the macroscopic anisotropic stress-strain response, shape changes and the evolution of crystallographic texture in complex deformation modes. Also, it is beginning to be applied to the analysis of deformation-processing problems. Applications to (i) the prediction of earing defects during quasi-static cup-drawing of an f.c.c. aluminum alloy, and (ii) the ovalization of pre-textured b.c.c. tantalum cylinders during dynamic Taylor cylinder-impact experiments are described.
Oxidative stress-induced formation of covalently linked ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit dimer in tobacco plants

Many abiotic stresses cause the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species known as oxidative stress. While analyzing the effects of oxidative stress on tobacco, we noticed the increased accumulation of a specific protein in extracts from plants treated with the oxidative-stress inducing herbicide paraquat which promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species primarily in chloroplasts. The primary objectives of this study were to identify this protein and to determine if its accumulation is indeed a result of oxidative stress. Here we show that the paraquat-induced protein is a covalently linked dimer of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (LSU). Increased accumulation of this LSU dimer was also observed in tobacco plants exposed to ultra-small anatase titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2), which because of their surface reactivity cause oxidative stress by promoting the generation of superoxide anion. nTiO2 nanoparticle treatments also caused a decline in the chloroplast thylakoid proteins cytochrome f and chlorophyll a/b binding protein, thus confirming that covalent LSU dimer formation coincides with loss of chloroplast function.
High-throughput cell-cycle imaging opens new doors for discovery

During the life of a cell, numerous essential cellular processes must be coordinated both spatially and temporally, from DNA replication and chromosome segregation to gene expression and cytokinesis. In order to analyze these inherently dynamic and cell-cycle-dependent processes, it is essential to observe the dynamic localization of the cellular machinery throughout the entire cell cycle. Although some coarse features of cell-cycle dynamics can be captured in snapshot imaging, where cellular size or morphology can be used as a proxy for cell-cycle phase, the inherently stochastic nature of ultrastructures in the cell makes the direct visualization of subcellular dynamics an essential tool to differentiate between structural differences that are the result of biologically relevant dynamics versus cell-to-cell variation. With these goals in mind, we have developed a unique high-throughput imaging approach, and have recently applied this to characterize the cell-cycle localization of nearly every protein in the bacterial cell (Kuwada in Mol Microbiol, 95(1), 64–79, 2015). This approach combines large-format sample preparation with automated image capture, processing, and analysis to quantitatively characterize proteome localization of tens of thousands of complete cell cycles.
Best Practices for Implementing Federal Environmental Policies: A Principal-Agent Perspective

In the US, federal environmental policies tend to be implemented by subnational agencies through intergovernmental management systems, which results in state governments serving as agents of the En...
Metcalf Lecture Award: Applying niche biology to engineer T-cell regenerative therapies

The processes generating cells of adaptive immunity render them less amenable to the single cytokine signals used so effectively to regenerate myeloid cells. T-cell neogenesis begins in the bone marrow, where specific sets of late osteolineage cells govern the specification of hematopoietic cells capable of migrating to the thymus where differentiation is completed. Osteocalcin-expressing bone marrow stromal cells producing Dll4 serve as a progenitor niche enabling this T-competent cell production. Biocompatible alginate-based cryogels containing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2) and the Notch ligand Dll4 were engineered to recapitulate the endogenous niche. These cryogels are highly pliable and can be injected under the skin of animals undergoing bone marrow transplantation. The result in mice is an ectopic niche fostering T-competent progenitor generation that results in improved T-cell numbers and receptor diversity. The recipients can generate neoantigen vaccine responses while having improved tolerance manifest by reduced graft-versus-host disease upon allogeneic transplant. Through emerging details of niches in the bone marrow, therapeutics more complex than those necessary for myeloid reconstitution are possible. Niche biology-guided bioengineered design offers the possibility of regenerative therapies for T lymphoid cells.
Career Construction in volatile settings: seeking congruence in a journalist’s world today

In the section of his book Career Counseling on how to compose a life portrait, Savickas (2011) addresses the issue of setting, or the ‘social niche and preferred environment in which the client wi...
Printing with 3D continuous carbon fiber multifunctional composites via UV-assisted coextrusion deposition

Abstract This study proposes to print multifunctional composite materials with 3D continuous carbon fibers. Coextrusion was implemented to deposit continuous carbon fibers simultaneously with doped functional photopolymer resin, subsequently rapidly cured by an ultraviolet laser. The technique allowed for direct printing of free-standing compliant carbon fiber reinforced composite structures and composites with conductive channeling. In particular, a novel functional, full lithium-ion structural battery was successfully printed in one single step with each coated carbon fiber acting as a micro-battery cell. The characterized mechanical and electrochemical performance well demonstrated the potentials of the proposed method in direct printing multifunctional structural composites.
The History of “Anomalous” Atmospheric Neutrino Events: A First Person Account

The modern picture of the neutrino as a multiple-mass, highly mixed neutral particle has emerged over forty years of study. Best known of the issues leading to this picture was the apparent loss of neutrinos coming from the sun. This article describes another piece of evidence that supports the picture; the substantial reduction of high-energy muon-type neutrinos observed in nature. For much of the forty-year period before the modern picture emerged, this observation was known as the “atmospheric neutrino anomaly,” since these neutrinos originate in the Earth’s atmosphere. This paper describes the discovery of the atmospheric neutrino anomaly. I explore the scientific context and motivations in the late 1970s, from which this work emerged. The gradual awareness that the observations of atmospheric neutrinos were not as expected took place in the 1983–1986 period.
Update on cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.

Purpose of review Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare genetic lipid storage disorder with highly pleomorphic clinical phenotype. Complications of this disease can be devastating and may include severe cognitive impairment and dementia in later stages. Disease progression can be prevented or stabilized by bile acid replacement therapy, although a subset of patients with advanced disease continue to deteriorate despite therapy. Recent findings Delayed diagnosis of CTX continues to impede effective treatment. A clinical diagnostic algorithm for CTX was developed that can decrease the age of diagnosis of CTX. The strategy of screening children with bilateral juvenile cataracts for CTX also improved diagnosis, as this group had a 500-fold higher-rate of CTX than the general population. Improved diagnosis of CTX is critical, as patients treated early in the course of the disease have significantly better outcomes compared with those treated later. More sensitive and specific biochemical testing for CTX has been developed that is potentially more informative than blood cholestanol to assess treatment efficacy and medication compliance in CTX. Summary Because we are recognizing more severe presentations of CTX in infants and children, and delayed diagnosis and treatment worsens the prognosis, CTX is an excellent candidate disorder for newborn screening using recently reported methods for newborn dried bloodspot analysis.
Total and Endogenous Parts of Loanable Funds as a Stand Alone Deficit Modifiers: Comparison of Cptrs. 11, 18, 21 and 24 Test Results

This chapter compares the effectiveness of just endogenous vs. total loanable funds during six different time periods and finds total loanable funds explained more of the variation in the effects of crowd out in consumption and investment models than just endogenous loanable funds alone.
The Restricted Role of Caprice (Whim) in J M Keynes’s Interval Valued Theory of Probability in the A Treatise on Probability, General Theory, and in the Keynes-Townshend Correspondence of 1937–1938

Keynes recognized that there were a few cases where his rational analysis of decision making under conditions of uncertainty and risk using: (a) interval valued probability in Parts II and III of the A Treatise on Probability, (b) decision weights in Part IV of the A Treatise on Probability ,or (c) safety first, based on the use of Chebyshev’s Inequality, in Part V of the A Treatise on Probability, would result in a stalemate. Although Keynes introduced his concept of caprice to deal with this problem in Part I in chapter III on p.30 of the A Treatise on Probability, a complete understanding requires a mastery of his mathematical analysis in Chapter XV, where Keynes presented part of his mathematical analysis of his Boolean based theory of imprecise, indeterminate interval valued probability. Once the link between page 30 of Chapter III and Pages 160-163 of Chapter XV is understood, then Keynes’s use of caprice in the General Theory and the Keynes-Townshend correspondence can be seen to be an important, but small, part of his general decision theory of the A Treatise on Probability which he applied as a specific decision theory in economics in the General Theory and after.
Leveraging discrete modulation and liquid metal antennas for interference reduction

Recent progress in the understanding of the behavior of the interference channel has led to valuable insights: first, discrete signaling has been discovered to have tangible benefits in the presence of interference, especially when one does not wish to decode the interfering signal, i.e., the interference is treated as noise, and second, the capacity of the interference channel as a function of the interference link gains is now understood to be highly irregular, i.e., non-monotonic and discontinuous. This work addresses these two issues in an integrated and interdisciplinary manner: it utilizes discrete signaling to approach the capacity of the interference channel by developing lower bounds on the mutual information under discrete modulation and treating interference as noise, subject to an outage set, and addresses the issue of sensitivity to link gains with a liquid metal reconfigurable antenna to avoid the aforementioned outage sets. Simulations illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Mediation of the APOE associations with Alzheimer’s and coronary heart diseases through body mass index and lipids

The APOE e2/e3/e4 polymorphism is associated with multiple non-Mendelian traits, including high- (HDL-C) and low- (LDL-C) density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Lipids and BMI are risk factors for AD and CHD. Causal connections between the e2 and e4 alleles and these traits remain, however, poorly understood. We leverage comprehensive analyses of longitudinal data from four studies to examine potentially causal heterogeneous connections between these alleles, lipids, BMI, and diseases. We emphasize mutual mediation roles of lipids and BMI in their associations with the e2 and e4 alleles and their mediation roles in the associations of these alleles with AD and CHD. We confirmed previously reported significant univariate associations of these alleles with each trait, except CHD. We found, however, that most of the univariate- and mediation-analysis associations were affected by antagonistic heterogeneity/mediation. The mutual mediation analysis identified the associations of the APOE alleles with LDL-C as the least heterogeneous. The e2 and e4 alleles were associated with CHD through lipids, led by beneficial (βIE = − 0.071, pIE = 2.28 × 10−10) and adverse (βIE = 0.019, pIE = 7.37 × 10−6) associations, respectively, through LDL-C. Both these alleles were adversely associated with CHD through triglycerides. For AD, only BMI partially mediated the adverse association of the e4 allele with AD (βIE = 0.016, pIE = 2.09 × 10−2). Our results suggest different roles of BMI and lipids in the AD and CHD pathogeneses. More comprehensive studies of causal connections between genetic variants and non-Mendelian traits are required as they can be critically affected by heterogeneous antagonistic relationships.
Does Overwork Attenuate the Motherhood Earnings Penalty among Full-Time Workers?:

This study examines whether working long hours alters the motherhood earnings penalty in the context of the United States. The author uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1979–...
Is There a Specific Protein Binding to Mouse Thymocytes in Serum from Schizophrenics

Immunologic peculiarities in psychoses have been the subject of hundreds of investigations for more than 80 years (Bergsma and Goldstein, 1978). The literature is replete with unconfirmed or refuted observations, but the concept of autoimmune disorder, such as proposed by Heath and Krupp (1967) and revived by Abramsky and Litvin (1978) and by Pandy et al. (1981), is ever-recurrent. Knight (1982) proposed that dopamine-receptor-stimulating antibody production might be a “cause” of schizophrenia (Sc). Consistent with such hypotheses are observations as the following.
Computer code for gas-liquid two-phase vortex motions: GLVM

A computer program aimed at the phase separation between gas and liquid at zero gravity, induced by vortex motion, is developed. It utilizes an explicit solution method for a set of equations describing rotating gas-liquid flows. The vortex motion is established by a tangential fluid injection. A Lax-Wendroff two-step (McCormack's) numerical scheme is used. The program can be used to study the fluid dynamical behavior of the rotational two-phase fluids in a cylindrical tank. It provides a quick/easy sensitivity test on various parameters and thus provides the guidance for the design and use of actual physical systems for handling two-phase fluids.
On The Ethogenic Approach: Etiquette And Revolution

Publisher Summary The ethogenic approach should be seriously studied and considered by social psychologists. The stress on structural interpretation is a needed ballast to counter the emphasis that has been placed on parametric interpretation. The dramaturgical analogy, the study of the syntactical nature of interaction rituals, accounting, and other microsociological ideas have greatly enriched the social sciences. A key to the ethogenic vision of a new social psychology is the role played by plans and rules, particularly the latter. These critical concepts appear to accomplish two objectives—that is, they allow a shift in focus from parametric to structural interpretations and provide answers for perplexing questions about motivation. This chapter focuses on the aspects of the ethogenic approach that appear most faulty, including the nature of rules and rule following, parametric versus structural interpretations, the universality issue, and experimentation versus ethnomethodology.
A hematopoietic cell L-selectin ligand that is distinct from PSGL-1 and displays N-glycan-dependent binding activity.

Human hematopoietic progenitor cells express L-selectin and also express PSGL-1, a ligand for all selectins. Using a shear-based adhesion assay, a hematopoietic cell L-selectin ligand (HCLL) that is expressed on the hematopoietic cell line KG1a and on normal human hematopoietic progenitors was previously identified. To characterize the structural biology of HCLL and to define its relationship to PSGL-1, the effects of chemical and enzymatic treatments on HCLL activity of KG1a cells and membrane preparations were analyzed. Protease digestions and chemical treatments of KG1a cells and membranes indicated that HCLL is an integral membrane glycoprotein. Glycosidase digestions of membrane protein preparations and metabolic treatments of KG1a cells with glycosylation processing modifiers revealed that L-selectin binding determinants on HCLL are sialofucosylated structures presented on complex-type N-glycans. Adhesion assays and biochemical studies showed that this glycoprotein is also expressed on circulating blasts in native acute leukemias. HCLL is distinguishable from PSGL-1: (1) KG1a cells sorted for PSGL-1 expression had equivalent HCLL activity; (2) anti–PSGL-1 blocking antibodies and proteases known to eliminate L-selectin binding to PSGL-1 had no effect on HCLL binding activity of KG1a cells; (3) blasts from native leukemias with low expression of PSGL-1 and CD34 display high HCLL activity; and (4) despite high level expression of PSGL-1, HCLL activity was absent on HL60 cells. These data provide first evidence of a naturally expressed membrane L-selectin ligand expressing binding determinant(s) on an N-linked glycoconjugate. This novel ligand may help mediate L-selectin–dependent cell-cell adhesive interactions within the cytoarchitecture of the bone marrow microenvironment.
Broad programming by IL-2 receptor signaling for extended growth to multiple cytokines and functional maturation of antigen-activated T cells.

Coincident production of IL-2 and induction of high-affinity IL-2R upon TCR engagement has precluded a clear distinction for the biological outcome of signaling through TCR/costimulatory molecules vs the IL-2R. Using a novel transgenic mouse on the IL-2Rβ −/− genetic background, this study has separated the relative outcome of signaling through the TCR and IL-2R. We show that stimulation through the TCR and CD28 or CD40 ligand directly leads to T cell activation and several rounds of proliferation in an IL-2-independent fashion. However, this stimulation is insufficient for extended T cell growth to multiple cytokines or differentiation into CTL or IFN-γ-secreting effector T cells. IL-2 is required for these functions in part by regulation of cyclin D3 and granzyme B. Somewhat less efficiently, IL-4 stimulation of these transgenic T cells redundantly rescued many of these activities. These data demonstrate a fundamental requirement for IL-2 and perhaps other common γ-chain-dependent cytokines to promote selective gene expression by Ag-activated T cells for their subsequent growth and differentiation into effector T lymphocytes.
Determinants of resident competence in mastoidectomy: Role of interest and deliberate practice

Objectives/Hypothesis This study explores the influence of selected factors on achievement of competency in mastoid surgery. Study Design A prospective study of surgical performance and a retrospective survey of learner and training factors. Methods The longitudinal performance of 15 residents was evaluated using the mastoidectomy task-based checklist (TBC). The influence of surgical experience, resident interest, and training factors (course attendance, voluntary use of simulation laboratory) was also examined and compared for the acquisition of distinct levels of technical skill difficulty (cortical mastoidectomy vs. facial recess). Results Ninety-six observations made during the first otology rotation were analyzed. Cortical mastoidectomy tasks showed positive associations with cumulated case numbers (OR 1.13, CI 1.04–1.23, P = .003) and interest in otology (OR 3.86, CI 1.21–12.27, P = .022). Facial recess tasks showed a larger positive association with interest in otology (OR 10.38, CI 2.25–47.94, P = .003), and negative association with extra time spent in laboratory practice (OR .05, CI 0.011–0.23, P = .000). Conclusions Learning trajectory for cortical mastoidectomy and facial recess may be influenced by different factors. Interest in otology, in particular, may have a moderating effect on the acquisition of more complex skills in mastoid surgery. A negative association between self-directed laboratory simulation and performance may reflect the impact of assessment-guided feedback in promoting deliberate practice. Further investigations are suggested to explore the interactions between individual trainee differences, educational models, and learning outcomes. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 123:3162–3167, 2013