cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants in Bangladesh.

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants followed by a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. METHODS. Infants RESULTS. Of the 159 enrolled children, 65% survived, 16% died, and 19% were lost to follow-up. Family income was lowest among those who died, and maternal and paternal literacy was highest among the survivors. At a mean age of 31 months, developmental status of the 85 children followed-up for ≥12 months was normal in 32%; 45% had mild and 23% had serious neurodevelopmental impairments. Cognitive impairment was the most common deficit (60%). Final outcome was significantly better than estimated initially. Most serious (85%) but fewer mild (37%) problems were identified independently by both child health physicians and psychologists. CONCLUSIONS. Parental education and family income had significant influence on postdischarge mortality. Two thirds of infants demonstrated neurodevelopmental impairments. Most mild cognitive impairments would have been missed had either physicians or psychologists alone done the assessments. Preterm infants in this low-resource setting are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, which need to be identified early, preferably by a multidisciplinary team of professionals.
The conformation of the tRNAPhe anticodon loop monitored by fluorescence

The intrinsic fluorescence of the Wye base was used to study the conformational change of the anticodon loop of yeast tRNAPhe brought about by the addition of magnesium. The fluorescence emission and excitation spectra show dramatic changes as magnesium is added to the solution. The rotational relaxation time changes from 6 nsec without added magnesium to 33 nsec with 10 mM magnesium at an ionic strength of 0.1 M. Stern-Volmer quenching by iodide or iodoethanol shows greater access of the base to the quencher with no added magnesium. A plausible interpretation of this data is that the base stack of the anticodon loop is altered by tilting or twisting the Wye base with respect to the adjacent bases and the base becomes parallel to its neighbors upon the addition of magnesium.
Finite element approximation of a nonlinear parabolic problem

Abstract Galerkin-type method is considered for approximating solutions of the nonlinear parabolic problem u t − ▽ · (|▽u| p−2 ▽u)=f Error bounds were derived showing that the rate of convergence with respect to the space variables is optimal and independent of p. This result has been confirmed by the numerical experiments reported in Section 4.
Conjunctival papillomatous lesion

Anotherwisehealthy8-year-oldgirlpresentedwith a relatively rapidly growing reddishmass on the caruncle of the left eye. On external examination,apink, fleshy,pedunculated lesionwith telangiectaticvessels on the surface was seen over the left caruncle (Figure 1). Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 OU. Her ocular motility was intact in both eyes. The results of the examination of the anterior and posterior segments were within normal limits. Quiz at jamaophthalmology.com WHATWOULDYOUDONEXT?
O-Lattice calculation of an F.C.C.–B.C.C. interface

Recent electron microscope observations of f.c.c.–b.c.c. interfaces between α- and β-brass are interpreted quantitatively by means of the O-lattice method. The results agree with the observed features and predict a fine structure which might be revealed by electron diffraction. The directly visible features can also be interpreted by the plane matching approximation. It is shown that this one-dimensional approximation is included within the frame of O-lattice method. Kurzliche elektronenmikroskopische Beobachtungen von k.f.z.–k.r.z.-Phasengrenzen zwischen α- und β-Messing werden quantitativ mit der O-Gitter-Methode interpretiert. Die Resulate stimmen mit den Beobachtungen uberein und liefern daruber hinaus Angaben uber eine Feinstruktur, die durch Elektronendiffraktion beobachtet werden konnte. Die in den Elektronenmikrogrammen direkt sichtbaren Erscheinungen konnen auch mittels Naherung angepaster Ebenen (plane matching) erklart werden. Es wird gezeigt, das letztere Methode sich in den Rahmen der allgemeinen O-Gitter-Methode einfugt.
The life cycle and life span of Namibian fairy circles.

In Namibia of southwestern Africa, the sparse grasslands that develop on deep sandy soils under rainfall between 50 and 100 mm per annum are punctuated by thousands of quasi-circular bare spots, usually surrounded by a ring of taller grass. The causes of these so-called “fairy circles” are unknown, although a number of hypotheses have been proposed. This paper provides a more complete description of the variation in size, density and attributes of fairy circles in a range of soil types and situations. Circles are not permanent; their vegetative and physical attributes allow them to be arranged into a life history sequence in which circles appear (birth), develop (mature) and become revegetated (die). Occasionally, they also enlarge. The appearance and disappearance of circles was confirmed from satellite images taken 4 years apart (2004, 2008). The frequency of births and deaths as a fraction of the total population of circles allowed the calculation of an approximate turnover rate, and from this, an estimate of circle lifespan. Lifespan appeared to vary with circle size, with small circles averaging about 24 years, and larger ones 43–75 years. Overall lifespan averaged about 41 yr. A second, independent estimate of lifespan was made by revisiting circles 2 to 9 years after their clear status had been confirmed. This resulted in a lifespan estimate of about 60 years. Any causal explanation of fairy circles must include their birth, development and death, their mean lifespan and the variation of their features under different conditions.
A comparative neuroanatomic study of retinal projections in two fishes: Astyanax hubbsi (the blind cave fish), and Astyanax mexicanus.

Retinofugal projections in the blind cave fish A. Hubbsi and in the highly visual A. Mexicanus were studied with both reduced silver and autoradiographic methods. Contrary to what has been reported for other teleosts, ipsilateral, as well as the generally accepted contralateral, projections were found in A. Mexicanus. Bilateral retinofugal projections were traced to the dorsolateral thalamic nucleus and area pretectalis. Contralateral projections were traced to the lateral geniculate nucleus, nucleus pretectalis, accessory optic nucleus, nucleus corticalis, nucleus opticus hypothalamicus and the superficial layers of the optic tectum (strata opticum, fibrosum and griseum superficiale, and the cellular zone of griseum centrale). Retinal efferents in the blindfish, A. Hubbsi, are sparse and totally crossed. Areas receiving a retinal projection include nucleus opticus hypothalamicus, lateral geniculate and the superficial layers of the medial third of the optic tectum. Preliminary behavioral studies are described and discussed in relation to the possible visual potential of this teleost.
Prospects for Solid Ammonia as a Cold Moderator

We explore what is known about solid ammonia as a moderator, suggest and demonstrate a method for deriving from measurements on normal ammonia results that apply to the separated isotopic form, and survey the needs for further research.
Connection to mental health care upon community reentry for detained youth: a qualitative study

Although detained youth evidence increased rates of mental illness, relatively few adolescents utilize mental health care upon release from detention. Thus, the goal of this study is to understand the process of mental health care engagement upon community reentry for mentally-ill detained youth. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 19 youth and caregiver dyads (39 participants) recruited from four Midwest counties affiliated with a state-wide mental health screening project. Previously detained youth (ages 11–17), who had elevated scores on a validated mental health screening measure, and a caregiver were interviewed 30 days post release. A critical realist perspective was used to identify themes on the detention and reentry experiences that impacted youth mental health care acquisition. Youth perceived detention as a crisis event and having detention-based mental health care increased their motivation to seek mental health care at reentry. Caregivers described receiving very little information regarding their child during detention and felt “out of the loop,” which resulted in mental health care utilization difficulty. Upon community reentry, long wait periods between detention release and initial contact with court or probation officers were associated with decreased motivation for youth to seek care. However, systemic coordination between the family, court and mental health system facilitated mental health care connection. Utilizing mental health care services can be a daunting process, particularly for youth upon community reentry from detention. The current study illustrates that individual, family-specific and systemic issues interact to facilitate or impair mental health care utilization. As such, in order to aid youth in accessing mental health care at detention release, systemic coordination efforts are necessary. The systematic coordination among caregivers, youth, and individuals within the justice system are needed to reduce barriers given that utilization of mental health care is a complex process.
The relationship between 11 health risks and medical and productivity costs for a large employer.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between modifiable health risks, and health and productivity related expenditures and predict cost savings from improvements in the health risk profile of a large US employer. Methods: Information was collected on 11 modifiable health risks for active employees whocompletedahealthassessmentandenrolledinanoncapitatedhealthplan. These risks were related to employer medical care costs and employee productivity. Multivariate analyses were performed to estimate costs associated with high risk, as well as potential savings from reducing risk prevalence among employees. Results: Health risks with the greatest impact on total medical care costs included obesity, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high triglycerides, and inadequate exercise. Conclusions: Modifiable health risks are associated with higher employer costs. Targeted programs that address these risks are expected to yield substantial savings.
An evaluation of 6 chromosomal mutagens in the AS52/XPRT mutation assay utilizing suspension culture and soft agar cloning

The AS52/XPRT mutation assay was examined for sensitivity in the detection of chromosomal mutagens. 6 compounds identified as chromosomal mutagens in the mouse lymphoma assay (MLA) were tested for mutagenicity in AS52 cells using suspension treatment and soft agar cloning. The 6 compounds were benzo[a]pyrene (BAP), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF), methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), methyl acrylate (MCR), benzoin (BZ), and p-aminophenol (AM). BAP, 2AAF and MMS were mutagenic. The mutagenic responses for BAP, 2AAF and MMS included small colony mutants which have been shown to correlate with chromosomal mutation in the MLA. Colonies ranged from approximately 0.2 to 1.5 mm in size. The mutant frequency (MF) for the AS52 cells treated with BAP and 2AAF exceeded that previously reported for the MLA by 2-fold. In contrast, the MF for AS52 cells treated with MMS was one-third that reported in the MLA. The MF obtained in AS52 cells exceeded that reported for the CHO/HGPRT mutation assay for all 3 compounds. MCR, which produces almost entirely small colonies in the MLA, was negative in AS52 cells as were the MLA chromosomal mutagens AM and BZ. However, AM and BZ have only been reported mutagenic in the MLA. Both are considered nongenotoxic and noncarcinogenic. The results with the latter 3 compounds suggest that the AS52 assay is not as sensitive as the MLA for the detection of compounds identified as chromosomal mutagens.
Computational Assessment of the Cooperativity between RNA Binding Proteins and MicroRNAs in Transcript Decay

Transcript degradation is a widespread and important mechanism for regulating protein abundance. Two major regulators of transcript degradation are RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). We computationally explored whether RBPs and miRNAs cooperate to promote transcript decay. We defined five RBP motifs based on the evolutionary conservation of their recognition sites in 3′UTRs as the binding motifs for Pumilio (PUM), U1A, Fox-1, Nova, and UAUUUAU. Recognition sites for some of these RBPs tended to localize at the end of long 3′UTRs. A specific group of miRNA recognition sites were enriched within 50 nts from the RBP recognition sites for PUM and UAUUUAU. The presence of both a PUM recognition site and a recognition site for preferentially co-occurring miRNAs was associated with faster decay of the associated transcripts. For PUM and its co-occurring miRNAs, binding of the RBP to its recognition sites was predicted to release nearby miRNA recognition sites from RNA secondary structures. The mammalian miRNAs that preferentially co-occur with PUM binding sites have recognition seeds that are reverse complements to the PUM recognition motif. Their binding sites have the potential to form hairpin secondary structures with proximal PUM binding sites that would normally limit RISC accessibility, but would be more accessible to miRNAs in response to the binding of PUM. In sum, our computational analyses suggest that a specific set of RBPs and miRNAs work together to affect transcript decay, with the rescue of miRNA recognition sites via RBP binding as one possible mechanism of cooperativity.
Multiplexing Asynchronous Signals Using Bit Stuffing and Retiming Techniques

This paper discusses the problem of multiplexing asynchronous signals which are clocked from independent sources. Two solutions are offered to this problem: one provides a continuous transmission over a fixed period of time proportional to the bit rate integrity duration, and the other utilizes a bit stuffing technique. The former approach is used when the asynchronous signals are clocked from highly stable clocks, and also when the bit rate integrity period is on the order of a few hours. The latter approach is employed when the signal clocks are relatively less stable or the bit rate integrity period is very long. The reliability of these techniques is analyzed, and their efficiencies are evaluated and found to be most satisfactory. Synchronization procedures and probabilities of false lock and failure to lock are also described. In addition, a multiplex system illustrating these techniques is presented. The system multiplexes four input channels at a one megabit rate for each.
The pancreatic islets of the white-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii, during its annual cycle and under experimental conditions.

1. The organization of the pancreatic islets of Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii is generally similar to that of other avian species. There are dark islets, mixed islets, light islets, and occasionally isolated islet cells. The density of islet tissue is greatest in the splenic lohe. Dark islets, which include A- and D-cells, are of varying size. Light islets consist of a pericapillary layer of B-cells with a peripheral layer of D- and sometimes A-cells. Mixed islets contain varying amounts of light and dark elements. 2. A study on the behavior of the islet tissue under photoperiodic treatment and during the annual cycle has shown that (a) A-, B- and D-cells show almost always parallel activity, that (b) there are no distinct seasonal changes in the activity of the pancreatic islets in freeliving animals taken in breeding grounds and in wintering area, that (c) islet activity, by cytologic criteria, is generally high, and that (d) activity in birds kept in captivity under artificially long or short days shows no correlation with photoperiod although there was more pronounced individual variation of islet activity than in free living animals. 3. No correlation between islet activity and degree of fat deposition under either natural conditions or artificial photostimulation could be found. 4. Injection of dithizone or ammonium-alcohol resulted in stimulation of the dark islets and sometimes in degeneration of B-cells.
A Template Matching Procedure for Automatic Target Recognition in Synthetic Aperture Sonar Imagery

A method for classifying objects in sonar imagery is proposed. Motivated by the high-resolution achievable by modern imaging sonars, a novel template matching technique is developed that compares a target signature generated from a simple acoustic model with the actual image of an object being classified. The approach uses both the correlation with target echoes as well as projected acoustic shadow, and is tested on data obtained from a synthetic aperture sonar during experiments at sea. It is compared to two commonly used methods that are based on normalized cross-correlation, and results show that the proposed method outperforms the standard methods in terms of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as confusion matrices.
A parallel HAD-textured algorithm for constrained economic dispatch control problems

In our earlier papers we developed a parallel textured algorithm to solve the constrained economic dispatch control (CEDC) problems. The exact convergence theorem and its proof were provided to guarantee the convergence of the algorithm to the true solution; and some examples were given to show the impact of exact convergence conditions. In this paper, we incorporate the hierarchical aggregation-disaggregation (HAD) concept and the textured concept to solve the CEDC. The algorithm is then implemented on an nCUBE2 machine and tested on a modified IEEE 14-bus system, a modified IEEE 57-bus system, a 114-bus system, and a 228-bus system. Some test results are given to show the speedup advantage of the proposed algorithm over the one without textured decomposition. Even when the proposed algorithm is executed sequentially, the speedup is still essential. >
Venous Thromboembolic Disease Reduction With a Portable Pneumatic Compression Device

This study compares a miniaturized, portable, sequential, pneumatic compression device (ActiveCare continuous enhanced circulation therapy [CECT] system) (Medical Compression Systems Ltd, Or Aqiva, Israel), with a nonmobile, nonsequential device on the ability to prevent postoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after joint arthroplasty. All patients were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin, application of 1 of the 2 devices perioperatively, and routine duplex screening. The CECT system had better compliance (83% of the time vs 49%), lower rates of DVT (1.3% compared with 3.6%), reduction in clinically important pulmonary embolism (0 compared to 0.66%), and shorter length of hospital stay (4.2 vs. 5.0 days). The portable CECT system proved significantly more effective than the standard intermittent pneumatic compression when used in conjunction with low-molecular-weight heparin for DVT prevention in high-risk orthopedic patients.
Giant congenital melanocytic nevi in a patient with brain structural malformations and multiple lipomatosis.

We present a 9-year-old boy diagnosed from birth with giant congenital melanocytic nevi. He had central structural brain malformations of hemimegalencephaly of the right frontotemporal lobe and left occipitoparietal lobe, choroid plexus hypertrophy, and a Dandy-Walker variant. In addition, he developed multiple lipomatoses. These lesions were cutaneous except for two at the cerebellopontine angles, which were present from birth. This patient represents a rarely documented example of two histopathologies resulting in serious complications. The diagnostic issues and histopathologic process are discussed. (J Child Neurol 2002;17: 289-291).
The role of capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry to proteome analysis and biomarker discovery

Abstract CE offers a low running cost, short separation time, and a high-resolution technique that requires only a small amount of analyte. It has a wide variety of operation modes (CZE, CEC, CIEF, CITP, CAE, CGE and MEKC) that can be interfaced with MS for tissue and body fluid analysis, particularly urine and cerebrospinal fluid, to identify potential proteomic markers for the clinical diagnosis of many diseases (renal, genitourinary, vascular, diabetes mellitus, cancer, arthritis and neurological diseases) and for the monitoring of their therapeutic intervention. It has become evident that no one marker would be sufficient, but a combination of well-selected markers would be needed for that purpose. The potential of CE coupled to MS for studying the pathophysiology of these diseases and the development of biomarkers has been demonstrated. These biomarkers, when validated, will allow greater use of noninvasive methods for diagnosis of diseases, assessment of their progression, and monitoring individuals’ response to therapy.
Opium and the British Indian Empire: The Royal Commission of 1895

The primary aim of this article is to take a fresh look at the massive report of the Royal Commission on Opium of 1895. This document is one of the great Victorian inquiries devoted to the Indian Empire. In it we see displayed the cultural tensions and conflicts negotiated between British colonizers and Indian colonized subjects.The author is indebted to Richard Newman for suggesting that the Royal Commission on Opium deserves reappraisal.Opium, like colonialism, is a sensitive and charged issue. The question of mood-altering drugs—opium, alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine, among others—is always fraught. Each society and culture is convinced that its own drugs of choice are normal and natural; and that those of other societies are depraved and unnatural. Generally each society and culture has drugs of choice that have been assimilated to its cultural practices. The pleasures of these familiar drugs are known; their dangers minimized by taboos and social rituals of consumption, and their damage contained and ignored. Similar adaptations in other cultures are invisible or, if seen, grotesque.
Pulse shaping and compression by second-harmonic generation with quasi-phase-matching gratings in the presence of arbitrary dispersion

A theoretical treatment of group-velocity dispersion and higher-order dispersion effects on the second-harmonic-generation (SHG) process with longitudinally nonuniform quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings is presented. We show how these dispersion terms can be accounted for in the design of a QPM-SHG pulse shaper. Our numerical simulation results show that, if the proper dispersion correction is included in the QPM grating design, one can generate sub-10-fs transform-limited pulses at 400 nm by doubling the output of a Ti:sapphire oscillator.
Organization of American Historians

Finally, "B?rgertum, Borgare, Bourgeoisie: the Concept of the Middle Class in Europe and America" considered several distinct representations of the middle class. Madeleine Hurd (Harvard University) compared the German and Swedish middle classes, calling for a much more complex understanding of the lack of liberal success in nineteenth-century Germany. Fred McKitrick (Columbia University) concluded that the integration of German artisans into a modern industrial economy and into the broad middle class after 1945 was not brought about by a free marketplace. Rather, it was accomplished under the direction of corporate forms of organization which are generally assumed to be economically inflexible and politi cally illiberal. The effort succeeded because a strong sense of artisanal identity and tradition had been preserved within a corporate context that was high pragmatic. Although the conference was not organized around a central theme, several conclusions emerged which are relevant to the work of social and labor historians. Many agreed on the need for more East-West comparisons in European studies, and the need for greater emphasis on Europe's relations with other regions of the world. Continuing attention should be paid to the contributions of poststructuralist social and cultural theory in understanding the lives of working-class men and women and the history of labor movements.
Oxidative addition across Zr/Co multiple bonds in early/late heterobimetallic complexes

The reactivity of heterobimetallic Zr/Co complexes linked by phosphinoamide ligands towards the oxidative addition of I2 and alkyl halides is reported. These reactions are accompanied by dissociation of one phosphine ligand from Co and η2-coordination to Zr. Addition of H2 leads to both oxidative addition across the M–M bond and P–N bond cleavage.
Mechanisms of Virus Membrane Fusion Proteins

Enveloped viruses infect host cells by a membrane fusion reaction that takes place at the cell surface or in intracellular compartments following virus uptake. Fusion is mediated by the membrane interactions and conformational changes of specialized virus envelope proteins termed membrane fusion proteins. This article discusses the structures and refolding reactions of specific fusion proteins and the methods for their study and highlights outstanding questions in the field.
Measurement of Quality of Care and Quality of Life at the End of Life

Purpose Consumers and providers demand better indicators for quality of care and quality of life at the end of life. This article presents recommendations for advancing the science of measurement at end of life. Design and methods The authors reviewed the extant literature and applied the Institute of Medicine's conceptual framework for national health care quality to end-of-life care and research. Results Ten recommendations were developed, charting a course for research that will improve the quality of care delivered and, consequently, the quality of life experienced at life's end. Implications Measurement bridges the conceptual and operational levels of scientific research, clinical care, and quality improvement. Although a large amount of psychometric groundwork has been laid in the field of end-of-life research, the next wave of studies will ideally take measurement at end of life to a higher level of rigor and precision.
Human EEG responses to controlled alterations of the Earth's magnetic field

Abstract Objectives : Examine the effects of controlled changes in the Earth's magnetic field on electroencephalogram (EEG) and subjective report. Methods : Fifty volunteers were exposed double-blind to changes in field magnitude, angle of inclination, and angle of deviation. Volunteers were also exposed to magnetic field conditions found near the North and South Pole. EEG recorded over temporal and occipital sites was compared across 4 s baseline, field exposure, and no-change control trials. Results : No EEG spectral differences as a function of gender or recording site were found. Geomagnetic field alterations had no effect on total energy (0.5–42 Hz), energy within traditional EEG analysis bands, or on the 95% spectral edge. Most volunteers reported no sensations; others reported non-specific symptoms unrelated to type of field change. Discussion : Three hypothesized field detection mechanisms were not supported: (1) mechanical reception through torque exerted on the ferromagnetic material magnetite; (2) movement-induced induction of an electric field in the body; and (3) enhanced sensitivity due to alterations in the rates of chemical reactions involving electron spin states. Conclusions : Humans have little ability to detect brief alterations in the geomagnetic field, even if these alteration are of a large magnitude.
Hierarchical affinity hybrid tree: A multidimensional index structure to organize videos and support content-based retrievals

Multimedia data, especially videos, have gained enormous popularity in the recent years. Data management techniques for traditional text-based data are inadequate to handle multimedia data efficiently due to their atypical characteristics. Thus, to have a robust data management framework for complex multimedia data like videos, comparable in efficiency and capability to the traditional data management approaches, components like multimedia data storage, index, and query engines need to be developed with dedicated abilities to handle the characteristics of multimedia data like multidimensional representation and semantic gap. In this paper, we investigate the design of the second component, i.e., a multimedia index, and propose a novel tree-based multidimensional hierarchical index structure called Hierarchical Affinity Hybrid-Tree (HAH-Tree) which addresses the critical issues of multidimensionality and semantic gap. The index structure accommodates different levels of video relationships during Content-Based Video Retrieval (CBVR) by utilizing a probabilistic approach called the Hierarchical Markov Model Mediator (HMMM), which is also responsible for managing the high-level semantic content of the video components. In addition, a computationally efficient k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) algorithm is proposed, which supports CBVR for different video units with a high precision level.
Family Ties and Health Cross-Nationally: The Contextualizing Role of Familistic Culture and Public Pension Spending in Europe

Objectives. Although previous research theorizes that cross-national variation in the relationship between family ties and health is due to nation-level differences in culture and policy/economics, no study has examined this theorization empirically. Method. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), this study uses multilevel modeling to analyze individual-, nation-, and cross-level effects for 30,291 older adults in 14 nations. Results. Family ties to spouses/partners and parents are associated with better health, but ties to coresident children are associated with poorer health in certain contexts. Familistic culture and public pension spending have a weak but statistically significant moderating effect on the relationship between intergenerational family ties and health. Discussion. This article underscores the complexity of family and highlights the need for continued theorization and measurement at the nation level to promote older adults’ health in diverse contexts.
Time to consider a STEMI sleepover?: Measuring the “value” of an in-house STEMI team

This study demonstrates that the presence of an in-hospital STEMI team significantly reduces D2B times. PCI centers should consider the "value" (outcomes relative to cost) of an in-house STEMI team. Larger studies are required to assess the cost effectiveness and clinical effectiveness attributable to an in-house STEMI team.
On the basis of Pleistocene correlation in east Africa

The scheme currently used in East Africa for Pleistocene stratigraphic correlation is bases on climate. This basis is thought to be undesirable because it consists of second-order concepts rather than of primary, objective units and because its unconventional character inhibits correlation between East Africa and other regions. Furthermore the conceptual sequence of pluvial and interpluvial Pleistocene climates is not fully supported by the field evidence described thus far. Local support exists for the Gamblian and post-Gamblian and post-Gamblian wet climates, and at one locality a wet phase of pre-Gamblian age is admissible. The other units of the current scheme require factual support before they can be accepted. It is suggested that a more conventional basis of Pleistocene correlation in East Africa is desirable.
Striatal Preproenkephalin Gene Expression Is Upregulated in Acute but Not Chronic Parkinsonian Monkeys: Implications for the Contribution of the Indirect Striatopallidal Circuit to Parkinsonian Symptomatology

This study examined the extent of striatal dopamine (DA) denervation and coincident expression of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA in monkeys made parkinsonian by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration. Some animals ( n = 4) became moderately parkinsonian after receiving large doses of MPTP over short periods of time and were symptomatic for only a short period of time (1–3 months; acute parkinsonian group). Other animals became moderately parkinsonian after receiving either escalating doses of MPTP over long periods (4–6 months; n = 5) or a high dose of MPTP over a short period ( 8 months; chronic parkinsonian group). Despite similar symptomatology and similar degrees of striatal DA denervation at the time of their deaths, only acute parkinsonian animals had significantly increased PPE expression in sensorimotor striatal regions. PPE expression in chronic parkinsonian animals was either not changed or significantly decreased in most striatal regions. These findings suggest that the duration and not the extent of striatal DA denervation is a critical factor in modulating changes in striatal PPE expression. Furthermore, these results question the role of increased activity in the enkephalin-containing indirect striatopallidal pathway in the expression of parkinsonian symptoms.
Chicken B cells undergo discrete developmental changes in surface carbohydrate structure that appear to play a role in directing lymphocyte migration during embryogenesis

The migration of progenitor cells to specific microenvironments is essential for the development of complex organisms. Avian species possess a unique primary lymphoid organ, the bursa of Fabricius, that plays a central role in the development of B cells. B cell progenitors, however, arise outside the bursa of Fabricius and, during embryonic development, must migrate through the vasculature to the bursa of Fabricius. In this report, we demonstrate that these progenitor B cells express the sialyl Lewis × carbohydrate structure previously shown to be a ligand for the selectin family of vascular adhesion receptors. Soon after migration to the bursa of Fabricius, B cell progenitors are induced to undergo a developmental switch and terminate the expression of sialyl Lewis × in a temporal pattern that correlates with the developmental decline in the ability of these cells to home to the bursa of Fabricius upon transplantation. The induction of the developmental switch in the glycosylation pattern of developing B cells requires the bursal environment. In addition, sialyl Lewis × carbohydrate determinants or structurally similar determinants on the surface of immortalized bursal lymphoid stem cells participate in the adherence of these cells to the vascular regions of the bursal microenvironment. These data demonstrate that the carbohydrate structure sialyl Lewis × is developmentally regulated during chicken B cell development and may facilitate the migration of B cell progenitors to the bursal microenvironment by serving as a ligand for a lectin-like adhesion receptor.
Prostatic Growrh Factors (PrGFs)——From the Identification of Probasin to the Role of PrGFs

Rat prostates contain a unique androgen-regulated protein of 19-21 kilodaltons, “probasin” (prostatic basic protein), that is statistically related to members of alpha-2-microglubulin ligand carrier family. Probasin has low but distinct growth factor activity as determined by DNA synthesis stimulation with BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts. With this as turning point, we have studied identification and significance of prostatic growth factors. Rat dorsolateral prostate contains heparin-binding growth factors(HBGFs or FGFs) and prostatic EGF-related mitogen (PEM); PEM is a member of the non-HBGF family that is the major growth factor in normal prostate but hardly detectable in prostate tumor tissues. In human pathologic prostates, HBGFs are major growth factors both in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissues and in prostate cancer. The HBGF content in BPH tissues is higher than in prostate cancer, whereas osteoblast growth factor (OGF) as assayed by DNA synthesis stimulation using MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts is higher in prostate cancer. A metastatic cell line, AT-3, established from the Dunning rat prostatic carcinoma produces OGF, insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-,B). PEM and OGF, both of which have low affinity for heparin, are different from each other in stability to heat and acid treatments. Partially purified OGF contains IGF-II and TGF-s in addtion to an acid labile polypeptide growth factor with a molecular weight of about 19 kilodaltons. Cell lines with high potency for metastasis (AT-3, MAT-LyLu and MAT-Lu), established from the Dunning rat prostatic carcinoma, can produce higher amount of IGF-II. TGF-s at a concentration as low as 0.05 ngjml either stimulatesd attachment or detachment of AT-3 cells, depending on the kind of culture media. Detached AT-3 cells are able to grow in suspension. TGF-s stimulates cell growth of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.
Improved oil recovery by reducing surfactant adsorption with polyelectrolyte in high saline brine

Abstract Surfactant adsorption on reservoir rock is one of the biggest challenges of chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) techniques. This problem can become severe in high saline brine environments. In this work, the efficacy of a polyelectrolyte, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), as a sacrificial agent for lowering surfactant adsorption from reservoir brine that has totally dissolved solids (TDS) of over 300,000 mg/l is investigated. Four different molecular weight PSSs are evaluated through equilibrium and dynamic adsorption studies carried out on Berea sandstone and Ottawa sand. Results show significant reduction in surfactant adsorption after PSSs addition. The effects of surfactant/PSS addition techniques, sequential and simultaneous, on surfactant and/or PSS adsorptions are also studied. Sand pack studies are conducted to evaluate the effect of PSS-minimized surfactant adsorption on oil mobilization/recovery. Results show substantial improvement in oil recovery in the presence of PSS, suggesting a potential as a sacrificial agent in cEOR.
Controlling catalytic selectivity on metal nanoparticles by direct photoexcitation of adsorbate-metal bonds.

Engineering heterogeneous metal catalysts for high selectivity in thermal driven reactions typically involves the synthesis of nanostructures with well-controlled geometries and compositions. However, inherent relationships between the energetics of elementary steps limit the control of catalytic selectivity through these approaches. Photon excitation of metal catalysts can induce chemical reactivity channels that cannot be accessed using thermal energy, although the potential for targeted activation of adsorbate–metal bonds is limited because the processes of photon absorption and adsorbate–metal bond photoexcitation are typically separated spatially. Here, we show that the use of sub-5-nanometer metal particles as photocatalysts enables direct photoexcitation of hybridized adsorbate–metal states as the dominant mechanism driving photochemistry. Activation of targeted adsorbate–metal bonds through direct photoexcitation of hybridized electronic states enabled selectivity control in preferential CO oxidat...
Fuzzy Counter Ant Algorithm for Maze Problem

This effort explores the effectiveness of adding a layer of fuzzy logic to a group of swarming multi agent robots for exploration and exploitation of an unknown obstacle rich environment represented by a 2D maze problem. The generalized maze problem has been considered as an interesting test bed by various researchers in AI and neural networks. Using a cooperative multi agent robot system reduces the convergence time considerably as compared to a single agent. For the multi agent case, a robust and effective decision making technique is required that prevents a robot from moving to a region already explored by some other robot. In this paper, we present a counter ant algorithm (modified ant colony optimization algorithm) based on a fuzzy inference system which enables multiple agents in path planning along the unexplored regions of a maze in order to find a solution rapidly. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach.
PERSUADED UNDER PRESSURE: EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE

We exploit a natural experiment within each National Football League game, finding the first evidence in professional sports that referees succumb to the pressures of satisfying team personnel in the vicinity of possible violations. Using generalized additive models for binomial outcomes, we show that these sideline-based differences in penalty rates, which are observed on common but influential penalties including pass interference and holding, peak near the centralized location of players and coaches on the sideline. With sizable interests in referee decisions, coaches and players often try to manipulate referee behavior with verbal and nonverbal communications; such actions appear to be persuasive. (JEL ZO, H3)
absolute alcohol and lidocaine on lymphangioma in children

[Objective]To discuss the clinical outcome of treatment of lymphangioma in children with absolute alcohol and lidocaine directly administered into the tumor.[Methods]238 outpatients were randomly assigned to 2 groups:the treatment group(absolute alcohol and lidocaine)and the control group(glucocorticoid).Both groups underwent direct injection on the site of lymphangioma with different dosages and medications according to the different subtypes.The efficiency ratio and curability ratio were measured by comparision between the 2 groups by statistic analysis.[Results]In the treatment group of 139 patients,the total effective ratio was 100% with the total curability ratio of 92.8%.Among the control group of 99 patients,the curability ratio was 65.7% with the effective ratio of 93.9%.The data from 2 groups were analysed byχ~2 test.The result showed an obvious difference(P＜0.01).Lymphatic cavity disappeared or resumed after treated with absolute alcohol,B-ultrasound found no liquid dark area in both groups,and there were non-homogenized echoes.[Conclusions]Treatment of lymphangioma with absolute alcohol and lidocaine in children has a marked effectiveness within the safe dosage range and it has high curability rate with no obvious adverse effect.
Airway responses to histamine, acetylcholine, and antigen in sensitized guinea pigs.

Abstract Airway responses to antigen, histamine, or acetylcholine aerosols were evaluated in 24 actively sensitized and 20 passively sensitized guinea pigs. Dynamic lung compliance and tidal volume were the most sensitive parameters for invasive and noninvasive techniques, respectively. Antigen responses occurred later and lasted longer than responses to histamine or acetylcholine. The time required to evoke responses was inversely related to the dose of agonist; a similar but less significant relationship was found between the time required to produce peak response and the dose of agonist. The larger the dose of agonist, the longer the recovery from bronchospasm; a linear relationship was found between the peak responses to various doses of agonist and the logarithm of the recovery time. Threshold doses or ED 50 values of antigen, histamine, and acetylcholine varied from animal to animal but correlated significantly with each other. Dose-response curves were obtained with histamine, acetylcholine, and antigen in actively sensitized animals. Ten out of 20 passively sensitized animals were rapidly desensitized by administering increasing doses of antigen; those responding were hyposensitized after this initial response and no dose-response curves to antigen could be obtained. The remaining 10 animals had no responses to antigen. The significant correlations between histamine, acetylcholine, and antigen responses point to the importance of smooth muscle sensitivity in determining responses to anaphylaxis.
Clinical Presentation and Therapy of Tricuspid Atresia and Univentricular Heart

Although the terms “single ventricle” and “univentricular heart” frequently are used to describe a variety of complex congenital heart defects, in fact, all hearts have two ventricles although one of the two may be too small to be functional. A better term for these hearts would be “functional single ventricle.” Within the spectrum of “functional single ventricle,” one could include tricuspid atresia, double inlet left ventricle, common ventricle, mitral atresia with ventricular septal defect, double outlet right ventricle with straddling atrioventricular valve, and hypoplastic left ventricle among others. The principles outlined for the management of tricuspid atresia can be applied to the management of other forms of functional single ventricle.
The Real and Psychopathology

Up to now, I have largely been concerned with articulating the complex, theoretical relationship between Lacan’s concept of the Real and the wider concerns of his metapsychology. In approaching these questions, I have tended to downplay or bracket what is perhaps the most familiar aspect of psychoanalysis as a praxis, namely its approach to psychopathology and the exploration of mental illness. Even when, in Chapter 2, the question of psychosis was central to my wider exploration of the valences of the material signifier, the specifically psychopathological implications of psychosis as a categorization of mental suffering were left to one side. In this chapter, by contrast, I will move the question of psychopathology to centre stage. Through an investigation of the ways in which Lacan conceives the relationship between hysteria, obsessional neurosis and perversion, I will highlight the centrality in each of a particular relation to the Real and to the signifier, conceived as split between its state of being in-relation and of being in-isolation.
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of the GAMMA/sub 8/ ground state of Np/sup 4 +/ diluted in Cs/sub 2/ZrCl/sub 6/

The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of ${\mathrm{Np}}^{4+}$ diluted in ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$Zr${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ is analyzed in terms of the theory formulated by Berlorizky et al. It is shown that if ${g}_{J}$, the Land\'e $g$ factor, is allowed to vary freely, a satisfactory fit may be obtained which is consistent with optical and EPR data obtained earlier on other tetrapositive actinide ions in the same host crystal. It is suggested that a better fit between the experimental data and the calculated spectrum may be obtained if the Zeeman mixing between the ground ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{8}$ state and the excited ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}$ state is considered.
Complete mitochondrial genomes of the North American collared lemmings Dicrostonyx groenlandicus Traill, 1823 and Dicrostonyx hudsonius Pallas, 1778 (Rodentia: arvicolinae)

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial genomes of two species of the North American collared lemmings were obtained by using PCR amplification and capillary sequencing (GenBank accession nos. KX712239 and KX683880). The collared lemming mitochondrial genomes are 16,341 and 16,338 bp long and show the gene order, contents and gene strand asymmetry typical for mammals. The mitogenome sequences provide an important genomic resource for the collared lemmings, which are model study species in Arctic genetic diversity and biogeographic history.