cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of cranberries to Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

ABSTRACT Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), commonly referred to as the spotted wing drosophila, is an exotic species that has proven a troublesome pest of fruit production in the United States. The fly targets small fruit and thus represents a concern for the U.S. cranberry industry. Two studies were conducted to assess whether cranberries may serve as hosts for D. suzukii. In the first study, the suitability of ripe, unripe, and over-ripe cranberries were assayed by examining adult oviposition and larval development in no-choice trials. In the second study, wounded and unwounded fruit were examined as potential hosts in choice and no-choice trials. Our first study showed that ripe, unripe, and over-ripe cranberries were unsuitable hosts (few eggs were laid, with no surviving puparia). In the wounded and unwounded berry study, no larvae survived to adulthood among unwounded berries. Within wounded fruit, D. suzukii readily fed and developed into adults. Together, these results suggest...
Development and application of fully functional epitope-tagged forms of transforming growth factor-β

Administration of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been found to be of therapeutic benefit in various mouse disease models and has potential clinical usefulness. However, the ability to track the distribution of exogenously administered, recombinant forms of these proteins has been restricted by cross-reactivity with endogenous TGF-beta and related TGF-beta isoforms. We describe novel FLAG- and hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged versions of mature TGF-beta1 that retain full biological activity as demonstrated by their ability to inhibit the growth of Mv1Lu epithelial cells, and to induce phosphorylation of the TGF-beta signaling intermediate, smad 2. Intracellular FLAG- and HA-TGF-beta1 can be detected in transfected cells by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. We also describe sandwich ELISAs designed to specifically detect epitope-tagged TGF-beta and demonstrate the utility of these tagged ligands as probes for TGF-beta receptor expression by flow cytometry. The design of these fully functional epitope-tagged TGF-beta proteins should facilitate studies such as the evaluation of in vivo peptide pharmacodynamics and trafficking of TGF-beta ligand-receptor complexes.
Field collapse due to band-tail charge in amorphous silicon solar cells

It is common for the fill factor (FF) to decrease with increasing illumination intensity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells. This is especially critical for thicker solar cells, because the decrease is more severe than in thinner cells. Usually, the fill factor under uniformly absorbed red light charges much more than under strongly absorbed blue light. The cause of this is usually assumed to arise from space charge trapped in deep defect states. The authors model this behavior of solar cells using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) simulation program. The simulation shows that the decrease in fill factor is caused by photogenerated space charge trapped in the band-tail states rather than in defects. This charge screens the applied field, reducing the internal field. Owing to its lower drift mobility, the space charge due to holes exceeds that due to electrons and is the main cause of the field screening. The space charge in midgap states is small compared with that in the tails and can be ignored under normal solar-cell operating conditions. Experimentally, they measured the photocapacitance as a means to probe the collapsed field. They also explored the light intensity dependence of photocapacitance and explain the decrease of FF with the increasing light intensity.
Blunt traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta: A report of an unusual mechanism of injury***

Classic teaching suggests that blunt thoracic aortic rupture (BTAR) results from high-speed deceleration injury mechanisms. Our recent experience with a patient who sustained fatal aortic rupture resulting from a low-speed crushing injury emphasizes the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for BTAR, even in patients with "low-risk" injury mechanisms. Several potential pathophysiologic mechanisms of BTAR are discussed.
Occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in wild ducks along the Rio Grande River valley in southern New Mexico.

Fecal samples were taken from wild ducks on the lower Rio Grande River around Las Cruces, N. Mex., from September 2000 to January 2001. Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts were purified from 69 samples by sucrose enrichment followed by cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient centrifugation and were viewed via fluorescent-antibody (FA) staining. For some samples, recovered cysts and oocysts were further screened via PCR to determine the presence of Giardia lamblia and Crytosporidium parvum. The results of this study indicate that 49% of the ducks were carriers of Cryptosporidium, and the Cryptosporidium oocyst concentrations ranged from 0 to 2,182 oocysts per g of feces (mean ± standard deviation, 47.53 ± 270.3 oocysts per g); also, 28% of the ducks were positive for Giardia, and the Giardia cyst concentrations ranged from 0 to 29,293 cysts per g of feces (mean ± standard deviation, 436 ± 3,525.4 cysts per g). Of the 69 samples, only 14 had (oo)cyst concentrations that were above the PCR detection limit. Samples did test positive for Cryptosporidium sp. However, C. parvum and G. lamblia were not detected in any of the 14 samples tested by PCR. Ducks on their southern migration through southern New Mexico were positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia as determined by FA staining, but C. parvum and G. lamblia were not detected.
NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY PAUROPODIDAE (PAUROPODA) FROM CENTRAL JAPAN

Fourteen new species of the family Pauropodidae are described from central Japan: Allopauropus (Allopauropus) loligoformis. A. (Decapauropus) fortisus, A. (D.) ibarakiensis, A. (D.) infurcatus, A. (D.) ligulosus, A. (D.) pseudokoreanus, A. (D.) tetraramosus, A. (D.) toshiyukii, A. (D.) yamizo, Pauropus tamurai, Stylopauropus (Stylopauropus) canaliculatus, S. (Donzelotauropus) peniculatus, S. (D.) undulatus, and Colinauropus schelleri. Among them, two genera, Stylopauropus and Colinauropus, are recorded for the first time from Japan.
Self-Determination for Individuals with Significant Cognitive Disabilities and Their Families:

We write this article as parents of our 33 year old son, JT, who has significant mental and emotional disabilities, and as professionals in the field of developmental and mental health disabilities. We write about self-determination, a value that we practice in our own lives and a value that we want JT (and our two daughters) to practice in theirs. In short, we want to take control of our lives in an independent fashion. We want JT to do likewise and we applaud the way our daughters have done so. But with JT, unlike ourselves and our daughters, taking control, being self-determined, is a curiously lived value. To continue to honor his obvious choice to live "in my own home," we have just purchased a different house for JT (he had been living in another home of his own for 11 years) that would enable him to live with "primary" and "weekend" housemates who would provide support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. The house has two separate living areas and is over 3,000 square feet. When we asked JT how much the house cost, he said, "$1.00." When we asked him what he thinks about it , he answered, "Nice." When we asked him whether he wanted to move back to our family home, he said, "No." When we asked him what is necessary to maintain his house in good order, he said, "Work." Our probes of his meanings were no more revealing than his original answers. Because they reveal so dramatically aspects of his cognitive disability and the functional limitations that attend it, JT's responses provide a context for discussing the role of families in supporting the self-determination of individuals with significant cognitive disabilities. The issues are manifold: What does self-determination mean for people whose limitations are like JT's? When, how, and how much can and should families recede in quality of life decision making from their children or other members with such disabilities? These and related issues challenge us as parents and as professionals. We write
The Role of Dynamic Mathematical Models

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the use of dynamic mathematical models across the whole spectrum of life sciences and medicine. Initially the emphasis was on the the role of such models as research tools, whereas to an ever greater extent they can now serve as aids to the clinician in a wide range of situations relating to diagnosis and patient management. Of great potential is the use of dynamic mathematical models in predicting the response of the patient to therapy. In this brief chapter, trends in the predictive use of models will be discussed, particularly in relation to matters of safety evaluation.
Autoradiographic Demonstration of DNA Synthesis in Selected Epithelial Tissues in Male Rats

Eleven white male rats received intravenous injections of thymidine -3H at a dose rate of 1 μc/gm body weight. The rats were killed at four-hour intervals over a 24-hour period Epithelial specimens from the hard and soft palate, cheek, skin, and tail were subjected to autoradiography. The results confirm prior data from liquid scintillation studies, which showed a maximal DNA synthesis at 4:30 to 8:45 AM and minimal synthesis at 3:40 to 8:30 PM.
Variable supplemental oxygen during recovery does not reduce retinal neovascular severity in experimental ROP.

Purpose. To test the hypothesis that variable supplemental oxygen (VSO) during recovery is not as effective as constant supplemental oxygen treatment at reducing retinal neovascular severity in the newborn rat model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods. The ROP model consists of raising newborn rats in variable oxygen for 14 days and then allowing them to recover during the next 6 days (until day 20). During this recovery period, two VSO protocols were examined: 1) 24 hr cycled (28% for 24 hr and 21% for 24 hr) as a control, and 2) interrupted (28% for 23.75 hr and 21% for 0.25 hr). On day 20, retinas from both eyes of each animal were dissected, stained with ADPase, and analyzed for neovascular (NV) incidence, severity, and peripheral avascularity. Results. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in NV incidence and severity were found between the 24 hr cycled (control) (95% (38/40), median 5 clockhrs, range 0.5–9, n = 38) and interrupted VSO groups (89% (40/45), 3.5 clockhrs, 0.5–10.5, n = 40)....
Experimental Study of Microlens Fabrication Using Polyvinyl Alcohol Solution

The paper had experimentally studied the fluidic behavior and product of micro -lens fabrication that the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA ) 20% solutions were used. The 5 inch photo mask first patterned the 4 inch glass substrate with variety of circles surrounded by Teflon AF1601S (amorphous fluoropolymer), which circular diameters ranged from 50 μm up to 2.15 mm. Subsequently, the solution was injected onto circular areas by using simple syringes. Consequently, the mic ro-lenses with circular shapes, as patterned by the mask, were successfully self-formed. We found that the geometry of final solid lenses, after water solvent completely evaporated, were characterized with one ring-shaped rib located at near 18% of the dia meter line. It turned out that the maximum and minimum heights of lens happened to the tip of the rib and the center of the lens, respectively. The concave topography of lenses with ring-shaped ribs could quite help on the fundamental design of concave mic ro-lenses in optical MEMS chips for the future.
The Physical and Electrical Characteristics of Ta2 O 5 and Physical Vapor Deposited Ru in Metal-Insulator-Metal Capacitors

We fabricated a tantalum pentoxide (Ta 2 O 5 ) capacitor with physical vapor deposition (PVD) ruthenium (Ru) as a bottom electrode and PVD TiN as a top electrode. The physical properties of PVD Ru film and thermal stability of the multilayer were evaluated. The electrical property of the capacitor was measured in terms of leakage current density. We found that RuO 2 was formed during the post heat-treatment of Ta 2 O 5 at 800°C in oxygen ambient. The oxygen content in Ru increased as annealing temperature was raised to 750°C even though Ru was not oxidized yet. In nitrogen ambient, however, RuO 2 was not formed after heat-treatment. We confirmed that Ru keeps its pure metallic phase after annealing by X-ray analysis (Cu Kα 1 , λ = 1.5405 A). When the film is annealed Ru grains rotate and (002) faces come off from the film surface less than 20.075°. Those grains are not detected by the low incident angle mode because their incident angle becomes less than 21.075° when the angle between incident beam and film surface is 1°. Consequently, peak intensity rapidly decreases in low incident angle mode. The increase of peak intensity in 2θ/θ mode is due to the enhancement of preferred orientation by rotation of grains and partially due to grain growth. High relative permittivity of 50 was obtained after annealing at 800°C by rapid thermal process. We also obtained low leakage current of 6 X 10 -9 A/cm 2 at ±1 V bias with 13 nm thick Ta 2 O 5 film in as-deposited condition and after annealing at 600°C by furnace annealing. For obtaining a TiN-Ta 2 O 5 -Ru capacitor with high permittivity and low leakage current, we need more research.
200/spl deg/C, 96-nm wavelength range, continuous-wave lasing from unbonded GaAs MOVPE-grown vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers

We report record temperature and wavelength range attained using MOVPE-grown AlGaAs vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). Unbonded continuous-wave lasing is achieved at temperatures up to 200/spl deg/C from these top-emitting VCSEL's and operation over a 96-nm wavelength regime near 850 nm is also achieved from the same nominal design. Temperature and wavelength insensitive operation is also demonstrated; threshold current is controlled to within a factor of 2 (2.5-5 mA) for a wavelength range exceeding 50 nm and to within /spl plusmn/30% (5-10 mA) for a temperature range of 190/spl deg/C at 870 nm. >
Polyamorous Women, Sexual Subjectivity and Power

This article explores polyamorous women’s potential to enlarge the concept of sexual subjectivity through their engagement in nontraditional relationships and their attempts to reject sexual objectification. Polyamorous people openly engage in romantic, sexual, and/or affective relationships with multiple people simultaneously. Polyamory differs from swinging with its emphasis on long-term, emotionally intimate relationships and from adultery with its focus on honesty and (ideally) full disclosure of the network of sexual relationships to all who participate in or are affected by them. Both men and women have access to additional partners in polyamorous relationships, distinguishing them from polygamy. This ethnographic analysis expands sociological understanding of women’s sexuality by investigating this previously unexamined area of sexual subjectivity. Specifically, the author analyzes some of the ways that polyamorous women expand so-called normal social roles, discusses their sexual lives and identit...
Isochronal temperature-pressure superpositioning of the α-relaxation in type-A glass formers

Abstract Dielectric spectra were obtained at ambient and elevated pressures for three ‘type-A’ glass formers, which exhibit excess intensity on the high frequency side of the structural relaxation peak. The response to pressure of the peak maximum and the excess wing suggests categorization of such glass formers into two groups: associated liquids, in which the α-relaxation and the excess wing have a different pressure dependence, and van der Waals liquids, which at fixed value of the α-relaxation time, conform to temperature–pressure superpositioning. This distinction is believed to arise from the change in the number of intermolecular bonds (non-dispersive interactions) with volume.
Understanding the performance of solar PV systems using data-driven analytics

The significant uptake of residential and commercial solar photovoltaic (PV) systems worldwide has sparked a keen interest in monitoring the performance of these systems. In this paper, we develop a data-driven framework to systematically and holistically characterise the performance of a PV installation in the field. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed data-driven framework by applying it to PV generation data obtained from a large commercial building in northern Australia. In the wake of only limited site-specific information available from the building, as is often the case in practice, we show how that information can be combined with other publicly available data sources to obtain deeper insights into the performance of the building's PV system. We believe that our framework serves as a valuable starting point for PV owners to ascertain how their systems are performing once it is deployed in the field.
Website Interactivity & 'Distributional Path Dependence' in the U.S. Congress: An Analysis of Freshmen

What process determines the quality of website interactivity on congressional webpages? While long-entrenched incumbents are perhaps unlikely to robustly embrace new technology wholesale, one might expect freshmen members to be able to reflect on technical best practice standards when designing a website from scratch. We test these expectations using two waves of data coded from the official websites of the U.S. House of Representatives, for the years 2006 and 2007. We observe that incumbents show considerable path dependence in their website technology adoptions, while the websites of the freshmen who won election in 2006 are largely independent of the web designs of their corresponding predecessors. This independence does not mean, however, that freshmen are using technical best practice standards as their benchmark. Instead, the web design practices of freshmen appear to be governed by the distribution of existing practices among incumbents, a process we label "distributional path dependence."
Book Review of 'Interpreting Constitutions: A Comparative Study'

Finding a country's constitution is relatively easy these days. Finding out how a nation's courts have interpreted their constitution, however, can be somewhat difficult. The authors of Interpreting Constitutions: A Comparative Study have attempted to help with that, with chapters summarizing the constitutional law of the U.S., Canada, Australia, Germany, India, and South Africa. The book is an informative addition to libraries with users interested in foreign and comparative law, although some of the chapters use legal terminology that may be unclear to readers not already familiar with that nation's legal system.
Effect of Fertilization on Resistance of Captiva St. Augustinegrass to Southern Chinch Bugs (Hemiptera: Blissidae) and Gray Leaf Spot Disease

‘Captiva’ is a recently released variety of St. Augustinegrass which is resistant to the southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber. We tested to determine if fertilization of Captiva influenced its resistance to the insect and/or disease incidence. Tissue nitrogen and phosphorus content increased in plants with increasing fertilization levels. Fertilization did not have a significant effect on Captiva resistance to southern chinch bug as measured by adult survival. However, incidence and severity of gray leaf spot disease, Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc., increased with increasing fertilization.
Abstract 11583: Length of Hospital Stay and All-Cause Mortality Among Adults With Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalized for Bleeding During Treatment With Warfarin, Dabigatran, or Rivaroxaban

Introduction: Little is known about the relative outcomes of bleeding complications during warfarin therapy compared to bleeding complications during treatment with dabigatran or rivaroxaban. Hypothesis: Because warfarin is more easily reversible, bleeding complications during warfarin therapy may be associated with better outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using a US commercial claims database of 38 million members from 11/1/10 to 3/31/14. Participants were adults with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for bleeding after starting warfarin, dabigatran, or rivaroxaban. The outcomes were length of hospital stay, ICU admission, length of ICU stay, and all-cause mortality. The analyses used propensity scores as covariates in a multivariable Poisson regression. Subgroup analyses examined patients with chronic kidney disease, heart failure, more than 7 comorbidities, hemorrhagic stroke, major gastrointestinal bleed, those over 75, those without ICU admission, and those restarting anticoagulation after discharge. Results: Admissions for bleeding included 2446 warfarin, 442 dabigatran, and 256 rivaroxaban users. Warfarin users were older than dabigatran or rivaroxaban users (74 vs 69 vs 68 years) and had more comorbidities. After adjustment, warfarin was associated with a 2.2 mean day increase in hospital stay (CI 2.0 - 2.5) compared to dabigatran and a 3.1 mean day increase (CI 2.8 - 3.4) compared to rivaroxaban. There were no significant differences in the proportions of ICU admissions among the 3 groups. Warfarin was associated with a mean ICU stay increase of 2.3 days (CI 0.94 - 3.6) compared to dabigatran. After 3.4 years follow up, there was a 17% adjusted mortality in the warfarin cohort, 13% in the dabigatran cohort, and 6% in the rivaroxaban cohort. Warfarin was associated with longer hospitalization in every subgroup. Conclusions: Despite warfarin’s reversibility, bleeding complications during warfarin therapy are associated with longer hospitalization and higher adjusted mortality. However, because patients treated with newer oral anticoagulants are younger and healthier, randomized trials are necessary to better understand these unexpected differences in bleeding-related outcomes.
A Preliminary Database for Low Reynolds Number Propeller Performance Validations

Validation is the essential process of evaluating the precision and reliability of analytical or computational solutions. A series of preliminary propeller wind tunnel tests are designed for validating propeller design and analysis techniques. This work focuses primarily on small propellers operating at Reynolds numbers in the range of 90,000 to 120,000, which is particularly helpful for unmanned aerial vehicle applications. Details of the propeller geometry is described here; however, experimental apparatus geometries along with test section spatial dimensionality will be presented in future work. An open-source computeraided design (CAD) method was used to create the propeller blades, nacelle, and spinner surface outlines, aiming for easy geometry specification reproduction. A simple propeller design with constant pitch-to-diameter ratio, chord length, and thickness was tested. The propeller with an incremental variable pitch of five degrees was tested at three different angles. In addition to classical propeller performance plots of thrust and torque coefficients and efficiency against the advance ratio, nacelle surface pressure distribution was measured in terms of coefficients at several advance ratios.
INFLUENZA VACCINE AND ISOIMMUNIZATION.

vaccine. The report 4 of the finding of an "Alike substance" in the broth as well as in the embryonated chick egg which could act as a stimulus to specific anti-A immuniza­ tion created concern regarding the danger to expectant mothers and prospective blood donors of group 0 and B. The United States Public .Health Service has specifically in­ cluded pregnant women among the "highrisk" groups to be given priority in the mass immunization plan. The fear of any risk, therefore, could seriously interfere with the vaccination program and place these persons at an immunologic disadvantage in the event of the predicted epidemic.
Automating the installation of Apache VCL on OpenStack

Installing a cloud infrastructure is an involved undertaking. Even more so if one desires the Apache VCL, itself a cloud platform, running on top. This paper discusses one approach to automating the installation of both OpenStack and VCL. Particular emphasis is placed on accommodating both small-scale test deployments and full scale production environments. The modular approach taken here first automates the installation of OpenStack, then the installation of the Apache VCL, and finally the integration of the two. The approach taken is applicable to the installation of any large software system composed of complex subsystems.
Seasonal Fluctuations and Age Structure of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) Larval Populations on Bell Peppers

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) larva populations increased slowly in bell pepper Capsicum annuum L., with some change in stability of age distribution as growing seasons progressed. Greatest numbers of leafminer larvae per plant occurred during the reproductive period of plant growth. Damage to plant foliage due to larval feeding fluctuated throughout each season. Total number of mines per plant did not appear to be a good indicator of amount of damage inflicted. Damage appeared to depend on time of season and amount of leaf surface area available.
The Law of Drug Injury Relief in Taiwan and the Reference to Mainland

Objective To discuss the drug injury relief system in mainland on the basis of the law of drug injury relief in Taiwan. Methods Details related to the background and objectives of Taiwan law of drug injury relief and its contents were addressed and analyzed. Result and Conclusion The law can provide useful reference for the reform and development of health care system in mainland.
Detection of Viable Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum Following Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification

A reliable method using nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) with subsequent electrochemiluminescent detection for the specific and sensitive detection of viable oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental samples was developed. The target molecule was a 121-nt sequence from the C. parvum heat shock protein hsp70 mRNA. Oocysts of C. parvum were isolated from environmental water via vortex flow filtration and immunomagnetic separation. A brief heat shock was applied to the oocysts and the nucleic acid purified using an optimized very simple but efficient nucleic acid extraction method. The nucleic acid was amplified in a water bath for 60−90 min with NASBA, an isothermal technique that specifically amplifies RNA molecules. Amplified RNA was hybridized with specific DNA probes and quantified with an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection system. We optimized the nucleic acid extraction and purification, the NASBA reaction, amplification, and detection probes. We were able to amplify an...
Development and psychometric evaluation of the Military Suicide Attitudes Questionnaire (MSAQ)

Abstract Background To date, a culturally-sensitive psychological instrument has not been developed to evaluate military attitudes toward suicide. Understanding these attitudes can inform suicide prevention research, clinical practice, and policy. We aimed to develop such an instrument and to evaluate its psychometric properties using an active-duty military sample. Methods A team of military personnel, suicidologists, and researchers assisted with item development. A cross-sectional design was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Military Suicide Attitudes Questionnaire (MSAQ) via an online survey battery. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results: A total of 317 military service members met eligibility criteria and completed the online surveys. A four-factor model that explained 46.4% of the variance was identified: (1) Individual-Based Rejection versus Acceptance; (2) Psychache versus Pathological; (3) Unit-Based Rejection versus Acceptance; (4) Moral versus Immoral. The MSAQ demonstrated high partial validity and test-retest reliability. Limitations The study used a convenience sample and did not control for social desirability. Conclusions The newly developed MSAQ is a promising measure that fills a notable gap in the assessment of suicide attitudes within the United States military. The MSAQ has the potential for future use in evaluating suicide prevention and stigma reduction programs within the Department of Defense. Additionally, the MSAQ may serve as a useful tool for leadership in the evaluation of command climates. In clinical settings, the MSAQ could be used along with other cognitive and attitudinal measures to track suicidal patients’ attitude towards suicide over the course of treatment.
Reasoning and Explaining

When regimented in a certain natural way, the concepts of explanation and justification manifest a pattern of interrelations connected more or less systematically to their object. Besides its intrinsic interest, this pattern may give us some insight into the nature, source, and limits of the concept of argument.
Non-Markovian Stochastic Reduced Equations

In this chapter, an efficient stochastic reduction procedure is presented based on stochastic parameterizing manifolds introduced in Sects. 4.3 and 4.4. The goal here is to derive efficient reduced models to describe the main dynamical features of the amplitudes of the low modes. The reduction procedure developed here can be seen as an alternative to the nonlinear Galerkin method where the approximate inertial manifolds (AIMs) used therein are replaced here by the parameterizing manifolds. The resulting PM-based reduced equations are low-dimensional stochastic differential equations arising typically with random coefficients which convey noise-induced extrinsic memory effects expressed in terms of decay of correlations (see Lemma 5.1), making the stochastic reduced equations genuinely non-Markovian; see Eq. (5.19) below. These random coefficients involve the past of the noise path and exponentially decaying terms depending, in the self-adjoint case, on the gap between some linear combinations of the eigenvalues associated with the low modes and the eigenvalues associated with high modes. These gaps correspond exactly to those arising in the cross non-resonance conditions encountered in previous chapters; see (5.12) and Remark 5.3 below.
Toxic Effects of Nutritional Support in the Severely Head Injured Patient

The toxic effects of caloric loading in the face of cerebral ischemia have become well recognized over the last decade as has the association of an ischemic component of the pathological response to severe brain injury. Concurrently, interest in meeting the so called “nutritional needs” of the brain injured has increased. Yet little attention has been paid to the possibility of toxic effects of such nutritional support in traumatically brain injured patients.
Operation principle and loss of blanking pulse of the navigation system on Space Shuttle

The basic operation principle of the TACAN navigation system on the Space Shuttle is described. An issue of interest to NASA engineers is the effect of the loss of the blanking pulse in the system. A simplified operation model of the shuttle TACAN receiver is presented. The effect is analyzed from the interference point of view in case of blanking pulse loss. >
DIFFUSION-ACCELERATED SOLUTION OF THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL X-Y SN EQUATIONS WITH LINEAR-BILINEAR NODAL DIFFERENCING

Recently, a new diffusion synthetic acceleration scheme was developed for solving the two-dimensional S[sub n] equations in x-y geometry with bilinear-discontinuous finite element spatial discretization, by using a bilinear-discontinuous diffusion differencing scheme for the diffusion acceleration equations. This method differed from previous methods in that it is unconditionally efficient for problems with isotropic or nearly isotropic scattering. Here, the same bilinear-discontinuous diffusion differencing scheme, and associated multilevel solution technique, is used to accelerate the x-y geometry S[sub n] equations with linear-bilinear nodal spatial differencing. It is found that for problems with isotropic or nearly isotropic scattering, this leads to an unconditionally efficient solution method. Computational results are given that demonstrate this property.
Three-dimensionality of the bulk electronic structure in WTe2

We use temperature- and field-dependent resistivity measurements (Shubnikov--de Haas quantum oscillations) and ultrahigh-resolution, tunable, vacuum ultraviolet laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the three-dimensionality (3D) of the bulk electronic structure in $\mathrm{WTe}{}_{2}$, a type II Weyl semimetal. The bulk Fermi surface (FS) consists of two pairs of electron pockets and two pairs of hole pockets along the $X\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}X$ direction as detected by using an incident photon energy of 6.7 eV, which is consistent with the previously reported data. However, if using an incident photon energy of 6.36 eV, another pair of tiny electron pockets is detected on both sides of the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ point, which is in agreement with the small quantum oscillation frequency peak observed in the magnetoresistance. Therefore, the bulk, 3D FS consists of three pairs of electron pockets and two pairs of hole pockets in total. With the ability of fine tuning the incident photon energy, we demonstrate the strong three-dimensionality of the bulk electronic structure in $\mathrm{WTe}{}_{2}$. The combination of resistivity and ARPES measurements reveals the complete, and consistent, picture of the bulk electronic structure of this material.
Characteristics of drinking events associated with heavy episodic drinking among adolescents in the United States.

Abstract Purpose To examine associations between characteristics of drinking events and the quantity of alcohol consumed by adolescents in the United States. Methods Analyses relied on 2011–2015 data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The study sample included 8110 adolescents, ages 12–17 years old, who drank alcohol in the past 30 days. A logistic regression model, weighted for national estimation, was constructed to examine factors associated with heavy episodic drinking (HED; 5+ drinks for males, 4+ drinks for females) during the underage drinker’s most recent drinking event. These models were adjusted for study year and individual characteristics, including past year drinking frequency, age of drinking onset, and demographic variables. Results Buying alcohol off-premise or from another person and being given alcohol from non-parent social sources were associated with greater odds of HED compared to being given alcohol by one of their parents. Drinking alcohol at someone else’s house or multiple locations were associated with heavier alcohol consumption compared to drinking at one’s own home. Being older and an earlier age of alcohol onset were associated with greater odds of HED. Conclusions This study identifies contextual factors associated with HED by adolescents. Compared to global association studies, the findings from these event-specific analyses provide strong evidence of the environmental conditions that contribute to HED in American adolescents. Although no level of alcohol consumption is safe for adolescents, knowledge of event-level risk factors can inform targeted interventions.
Comprehensive Molecular Profiling Identifies FOXM1 as a Key Transcription Factor for Meningioma Proliferation

Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor, but the molecular drivers of aggressive meningioma are incompletely understood. Using 280 human meningioma samples and RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, whole-exome sequencing, DNA methylation arrays, and targeted gene expression profiling, we comprehensively define the molecular profile of aggressive meningioma. Transcriptomic analyses identify FOXM1 as a key transcription factor for meningioma proliferation and a marker of poor clinical outcomes. Consistently, we discover genomic and epigenomic factors associated with FOXM1 activation in aggressive meningiomas. Finally, we define a FOXM1/Wnt signaling axis in meningioma that is associated with a mitotic gene expression program, poor clinical outcomes, and proliferation of primary meningioma cells. In summary, we find that multiple molecular mechanisms converge on a FOXM1/Wnt signaling axis in aggressive meningioma.
Sum-of-squares meets Nash: lower bounds for finding any equilibrium

Computing Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player game is a central question in algorithmic game theory. The main motivation of this work is to understand the power of sum-of-squares method in computing equilibria, both exact and approximate. Previous works in this context have focused on hardness of approximating “best” equilibria with respect to some natural quality measure on equilibria such as social welfare. Such results, however, do not directly relate to the complexity of the problem of finding any equilibrium. In this work, we propose a framework of roundings for the sum-of-squares algorithm (and convex relaxations in general) applicable to finding approximate/exact equilbria in two player bimatrix games. Specifically, we define the notion of oblivious roundings with verification oracle (OV). These are algorithms that can access a solution to the degree d SoS relaxation to construct a list of candidate (partial) solutions and invoke a verification oracle to check if a candidate in the list gives an (exact or approximate) equilibrium. This framework captures most known approximation algorithms in combinatorial optimization including the celebrated semi-definite programming based algorithms for Max-Cut, Constraint-Satisfaction Problems, and the recent works on SoS relaxations for Unique Games/Small-Set Expansion, Best Separable State, and many problems in unsupervised machine learning. Our main results are strong unconditional lower bounds in this framework. Specifically, we show that for є = Θ(1/poly(n)), there’s no algorithm that uses a o(n)-degree SoS relaxation to construct a 2o(n)-size list of candidates and obtain an є-approximate NE. For some constant є, we show a similar result for degree o(log(n)) SoS relaxation and list size no(log(n)). Our results can be seen as an unconditional confirmation, in our restricted algorithmic framework, of the recent Exponential Time Hypothesis for PPAD. Our proof strategy involves constructing a family of games that all share a common sum-of-squares solution but every (approximate) equilibrium of any game is far from every equilibrium of any other game in the family (in either player’s strategy). Along the way, we strengthen the classical unconditional lower bound against enumerative algorithms for finding approximate equilibria due to Daskalakis-Papadimitriou and the classical hardness of computing equilibria due to Gilbow-Zemel.
Preliminary Understanding of Complexities in Swimming Performance of Common Minnow (Cyprinidae) Taxa

Understanding swimming performance of native freshwater fishes has implications for ecology, conservation, and management. In particular, this type of information has practical importance for improving the understanding of fish dispersal, occurrence, migration, and invasive potential. The objective of this study was to characterize swimming performance of 2 taxa from the comparatively understudied minnow family (Cyprinidae) and test for potential drivers as a function of total length, sex, habitat, morphology, or some combination. The study assessed Spotfin Shiner ( Cyprinella spiloptera; n = 66) and Bluntnose Minnow ( Pimephales notatus; n = 24) populations from an ontogenic range of male and female individuals from lentic and lotic habitats in Indiana and Ohio. Akaike information criterion (AIC) model selection identified the most parsimonious linear regression model to predict swimming performance of Spotfin Shiner and Bluntnose Minnow independently. Overall, larger Spotfin Shiners were superior swimmers compared with smaller individuals. In both species, individuals having more streamlined heads and elongated caudal regions were better swimmers. Additionally, Spotfin Shiners that were collected from lotic environments were generally better swimmers than individuals from lentic environments. Models did not recover sex-specific effects in either species—or meaningful total length, or habitat effects, in Bluntnose Minnows. Overall, this study provides evidence of a complex series of swimming performance covariates when assessing or understanding performance. This has implications for aquatic population, assemblage, and community ecology as well as management and conservation efforts.
On the Local Dirichlet-to-Neumann Map

We survey some recent progress on the problem of determining a conductivity or a potential by measuring the elliptic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the associated conductivity equation or the Schrodinger equation. We make emphasis on the new results obtained on open problem 2 stated in [21] which concerns with the case that the measurements are made on a strict subset of the boundary.
Field Boundary Location by Pattern Recognition Methods

Classical domain identification for Distributed Parameter Systems requires that the governing PDE be known, otherwise the problem is ill-posed. For many field problems such as those arising in Engineering the system parameters as well as the complete system structure is unknown. Hence, strong assumptions are made on the structure of the PDE as well as the parameters to facilitate domain identification. This often leads to unsatisfactory models. In this paper a methodology utilizing pattern recognition techniques is suggested as an alternative to classical domain identification. The patterns are cartesian products of the domain and boundary conditions. Features are extracted from the field observations allowing a classification of the boundary location.
A Collocative Variation of the Sinc-Galerkin Method for Second Order Boundary Value Problems

Feedback and control systems have been studied by engineers for several years but their more rigorous study mathematically is of more recent vintage. Numerical tests of the systems have tended to use time stepping and, for the discretization of spatial derivatives, the less sophisticated but more readily implemented finite difference and low order finite element schemes. Spectral methods in space, the third major technique, are rarely used despite their high accuracy. In part this can be attributed to the considerable implementation costs of spectral methods. Perhaps more telling is that while there have been short monographs published [2] until just recently a comprehensive text covering the subject was lacking. Canuto, et.al., [1] have finally rectified this omission.
Platform-Independent Classification System to Predict Molecular Subtypes of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma.

PURPOSEMolecular cancer subtyping is an important tool in predicting prognosis and developing novel precision medicine approaches. We developed a novel platform-independent gene expression–based cl...
Home care aides' experiences of verbal abuse: a survey of characteristics and risk factors.

Objective Violence from care recipients and family members, including both verbal and physical abuse, is a serious occupational hazard for healthcare and social assistance workers. Most workplace violence studies in this sector focus on hospitals and other institutional settings. This study examined verbal abuse in a large home care (HC) aide population and evaluated risk factors. Methods We used questionnaire survey data collected as part of a larger mixed methods study of a range of working conditions among HC aides. This paper focuses on survey responses of HC aides (n=954) who reported on verbal abuse from non-family clients and their family members. Risk factors were identified in univariate and multivariable analyses. Results Twenty-two per cent (n=206) of aides reported at least one incident of verbal abuse in the 12 months before the survey. Three factors were found to be important in multivariable models: clients with dementia (relative risk (RR) 1.38, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.78), homes with too little space for the aide to work (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.97) and predictable work hours (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.94); two additional factors were associated with verbal abuse, although not as strongly: having clients with limited mobility (RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.93) and an unclear plan for care delivery (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.69). Aides reporting verbal abuse were 11 times as likely to also report physical abuse (RR 11.53; 95% CI 6.84 to 19.45). Conclusions Verbal abuse is common among HC aides. These findings suggest specific changes in work organisation and training that may help reduce verbal abuse.
Geometry of Surfaces

In this chapter we will study properties of a surface that depend only on the first fundamental form. Take, for example, the cylindrical surface.
Chapter 11 – Oligodendroglial Lineage

Publisher Summary The oligodendrocyte lineage is derived from cells of the neural tube. Presumably, early in development, all neural tube cells have the capacity to generate oligodendrocytes, although during the course of normal embryogenesis, only some cells manifest that potential. Oligodendrocyte precursors undergo a number of structural and biochemical changes as they mature. Structurally, the cells begin to develop a more complex morphology and frequently develop multiple processes, although they retain a relatively large cell body. Biochemically, maturing oligodendrocyte precursors begin to express antigens on their surface that bind the monoclonal antibody O4. In conclusion, the adult CNS contains a substantial population of slowly dividing cells with the phenotype of oligodendroglial progenitors. Their number and location in the resting CNS is suggestive of a number of additional roles that are yet to be explored.
Effects of elbow immobilization on upper extremity activity.

Abstract Background It has been dogma that handedness greatly impacts daily activities. Interruptions in the ability to utilize the dominant arm due to neuromusculoskeletal injuries could negatively impact performance of activities of daily living. Daily activity can be measured using activity monitors. This study aimed to examine how arm dominance impacts function by immobilizing the arms of healthy individuals. Methods Ten individuals wore four upper extremity activity monitors for three days—one day without immobilization, one day with their dominant arm immobilized, and one day with their non-dominant arm immobilized. Triaxial acceleration data was used to calculate average daily activity and an asymmetry index. Between-condition differences were examined. Findings During dominant arm immobilization, the dominant forearm had significantly less average daily activity when compared to the no immobilization day (p = .0001) and the non-dominant immobilized day (p Interpretation When an upper extremity was casted, immobilized forearm and upper arm average daily activity was comparable. Dominance did not have an effect on asymmetry index. Immobilization affected asymmetry index compared to no immobilization. This study has demonstrated that regardless of arm immobilized, there will be a reliance on the contralateral limb about twice as much as the immobilized limb. This could prove problematic if the contralateral limb is restricted or injured, limiting independent.