cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rethinking EU Governance: From ‘Old’ to ‘New’ Approaches to Who Steers Integration*

*I wish to thank the guest editors of this Special Issue, Mark Pollack and Mareike Kleine, for their impressive stewardship of the entire project along with their extremely perceptive and careful editorial suggestions for my own article. I would also like to thank the anonymous referees for their very helpful comments and their close reading of the manuscript. The manuscript has its origins in a working paper for the Istituto Affari Internazionali, and benefited from comments by Lorenzo Vai and Pier Domenico Tortola. Its elaboration was undertaken under the auspices of the EU Commission Horizon 2020 project: ‘European Legitimacy in Governing through Hard Times’ (# 649456—ENLIGHTEN), and further benefited from comments by Ramona Coman, Amandine Crespy and Frederik Ponjaert. Thanks to them for their insightful suggestions as well as to participants in the workshops at Princeton and the EUI, including the two commentators on my article, Gerda Falkner and Lewis G. Miller, and especially, needless to say, Andrew Moravcsik himself.
Preliminary Evaluation of Cooperative Navigation of Underwater Vehicles without a DVL Utilizing a Dynamic Process Model

This paper reports a preliminary study for use of a fully dynamic vehicle process model in combined underwater communication and navigation (cooperative navigation) of underwater vehicles equipped with an acoustic modem, attitude, and depth sensors, but lacking a Doppler velocity log (DVL), and a surface vehicle equipped with an acoustic modem and GPS. We report both simulation and at-sea experimental trials with the JHU Iver3 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The case of underwater vehicle navigation without a DVL is of interest in several use-cases including (a) small and low-cost underwater vehicles for which DVLs may be impractical or infeasible due to their size and cost and (b) for missions in which the vehicle's altitude above the sea floor (or depth beneath overhead ice) exceeds the DVL acoustic bottom-lock range. To the best of our knowledge, all previous studies on cooperative navigation have reported use of a kinematic process model, which works well in the presence of frequent, high-accuracy velocity measurements, as is the case when the vehicle is equipped with a DVL. This preliminary study suggests that the dynamical process model may offer a significant advantage over the purely kinematic model in the absence of frequent, high-accuracy velocity measurements, as is the case when the submerged vehicle is not equipped with a DVL.
CD28 and ICOS expression in human ovarian carcinoma cells

LB-341 Many factors have been suggested to contribute to the rapid autonomous proliferation of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, but current understanding does not explain this observed behavior. We report the unanticipated finding of combined CD28, ICOS and ICOS ligand (ICOSL; B7-H2) expression in the OVCAR-3 ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line. CD28 is a lymphocyte-restricted trans-membrane receptor kinase required for lymphocyte activation. CD28 interacts with antigen-presenting cell B7 protein resulting in initiation of the cell cycle and expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl XL. ICOS (inducible co-stimulator) is a costimulatory receptor homologous to CD28 that is upregulated on activated T-cells after CD28 engagement. ICOS engages ICOSL expressed on antigen presenting cells and leads to both sustained lymphocyte proliferation and secretion of IL-10. Objective: Characterize CD28, ICOS, ICOSL and B7 molecule expression and function in human ovarian carcinoma cell line NIH: OVCAR-3. Methods: RT-PCR was used to amplify CD28, ICOS, ICOSL and B7 (CD80/CD86) cDNA produced from the OVCAR-3 cell line. “No-RT” negative controls were employed. Amplified product was sequenced for identity confirmation of each gene product. Western blot analysis was employed using polyclonal antibodies specific for CD28, ICOS, ICOSL and B7 protein. All experiments were repeated at least twice with fresh cells. Results: CD28, ICOS, ICOSL and CD86 mRNA were confirmed in the OVCAR-3 cell line. Expression of CD80 mRNA was absent. “No RT” controls were negative and sequence results confirmed each. Western analysis confirmed CD28, ICOS and ICOSL protein in OVCAR-3 cell lysate, while CD86 protein was absent. Conclusions: The novel finding that CD28, ICOS and ICOSL are all co-expressed in a non-lymphocyte lineage cancer has important implications both in cancer immuno-biological and cell cycle/apoptosis research. If future studies demonstrate evidence of function in cell proliferation or cytokine secretion similar to that found in lymphocytes, the door may be opened for novel therapeutic tools for treatment of ovarian cancer.
The relation of perspective-taking to gratitude and envy among Guatemalan adolescents.

The social emotions gratitude and envy are central to the lives of Guatemalan youth and to their society more broadly. Perspective-taking, the social–cognitive process that allows one to assume ano...
Mad Men, Corporate Culture, and Violence against Women

Synthesizing Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic violence and Rosabeth Moss Kanter’s framework of corporate roles to examine Mad Men’s representation of women’s work, Tracy Lucht and Jane Marcellus investigate the show’s construction of the Secretary, Corporate Wife, and Token High-Level Woman in relation to symbolic violence, which looks beyond physical manifestations of violence to consider social relations that deny women’s subjectivity. Viewed through these paired theoretical lenses, the narrative arcs of women on Mad Men illustrate how work, appearance, social position, sexuality, and material property are appropriated and exchanged for male gain. Addressing the connections linking gender, status, capital, power, and social practice, Bourdieu’s notion of symbolic violence and Kanter’s corporate work roles serve to illuminate the oppression embedded in corporate practices on Mad Men.
Twitter as a tool for social movement: an analysis of feminist activism on social media communities

In recent years, social media has been widely used as a tool for feminist social movements, addressing social problems such as sexual assault traumatization. This research aims at understanding how social media users utilized Twitter to describe traumatic sexual assault experiences and reasons victims chose not to disclose their experiences (Study 1), and how users became a part of the digital activism (i.e., social media movement against sexual assault) to increase social actions (Study 2). Tweets using the hashtag #WhyIDidntReport and #MeToo were extracted. Thematic analyses were used to analyze tweets across the two studies. Results from Study 1 revealed that social media victims who self-disclosed their victimization stories often reported having serious psychological impacts, a sense of helplessness, and issues with the police. Study 2 further uncovered that social media users engaged in hashtag activism through discussing views on relevant political and social issues, sharing resources to help sexual assault victims, and promoting social actions (e.g., protests, voting).
Magnetic porous NiLa-Layered double oxides (LDOs) with improved phosphate adsorption and antibacterial activity for treatment of secondary effluent.

Abstract The removal of phosphate (nutrient) and E. coli (pathogen) from secondary effluent is of great importance to control the water quality of the receiving water bodies. In this study, magnetic porous NiLa-layered double oxides (NiLa-LDOs/Fe3O4) were synthesized using a simple co-precipitation method. NiLa-LDOs/Fe3O4 exhibited a high phosphate adsorption capacity of 203.10 mg g−1 in batch adsorption experiments, which can mostly be maintained within the pH range (5.5–8.5) and ionic strength range (5–20 mM) of secondary effluent, and in the presence of commonly co-existing species (anions and organics). NiLa-LDOs/Fe3O4 were further evaluated in real secondary effluent and the homogenous surface diffusion model (HSDM) was used to predict the performance in field applications. Under typical conditions, NiLa-LDOs/Fe3O4 can last for ∼1845–2448 bed volumes (BVs) before the phosphate concentration in the effluent exceeds the monthly average limit of 1 mg L−1 P. Good regeneration capacities were also demonstrated in cyclic adsorption-desorption runs in both synthetic solution and secondary effluent. In addition, the presence of Ni and La species greatly enhanced the antibacterial performance of the NiLa-LDOs/Fe3O4 toward E. coli. Results obtained from this study indicate porous NiLa-LDOs/Fe3O4 can be a promising multifunctional material for the treatment of secondary effluent.
Forced Back into the Closet: A (Queer) Principal’s Attempt to Maintain Queer Erasure:

This case adds to a lack of research that considers the intersection of queer identities and educational leadership. The case narrative demonstrates the complex nuances of two negotiated profession...
Shatter Thresholds and Fragment Size Distributions of Deuterium–Neon Mixture Cryogenic Pellets for Tokamak Thermal Mitigation

Reliable mitigation is necessary to eliminate the detrimental effects of a disruption event in large high-current tokamaks such as ITER. To avoid serious damage to plasma-facing components during t...
Structural Performance Characterization of Mass Plywood Panels

AbstractMass plywood panel (MPP) is a veneer-based engineered wood product that recently was introduced in the mass-timber construction industry. Preliminary studies show that MPPs can be a preferr...
Adaptive Immune Deficiency Impairs Neural Activity After Training and Retrieval

Neuroimmune interactions have been studied for decades. Several neurodevelopmental disorders have been associated with immune dysfunction. However, the effects of immune system on neuronal function remain unknown. Herein, based on c-Fos protein expression, we characterized the brain areas that are activated after contextual fear conditioning (CFC) training or retrieval in severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) and wild-type mice. Further, we analyzed the interregional correlations of c-Fos activity that are affected by deficiency in adaptive immunity. Results showed significantly lower c-Fos density in learning and memory-associated brain regions of SCID mice after memory retrieval, but not during the CFC training. Moreover, SCID mice exhibited remarkably discordant inter-regional neuronal activities of learning neuron circuits after CFC training, which could be the cause of inefficient activation of the memory circuit after retrieval. These results provide a new perspective on how adaptive immunity affects neuronal function. Adaptive immune deficiency impairs the coordination of neural activity after training and retrieval which might be a potential therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental disorders.
A general anomaly detection approach applied to rolling element bearings via reduced-dimensionality transition matrix analysis

Rolling element bearings are vital components in most rotating machines. Bearings often operate in harsh environments where manufacturing imperfections, misalignments, and fatigue can result in reduced component lifespan. These failures are often preceded by changes in the normal vibration of the system. Modeling and detecting these vibrational anomalies is common practice in predicting machine failure. This paper develops and implements a novel approach to detecting bearing vibration anomalies in the time–frequency domain. The performance of the new approach is quantified using both simulated and experimental bearing vibration data. In these ground-truth experiments, the proposed time–frequency method successfully detects anomalies (>98% true positive) using short time spans (<0.1 s) with low false alarm rates (<1% false positive). Using experimental data, this time–frequency approach is shown to outperform one-dimensional time series analysis techniques.
Clinical Assessment of the Patient with Neuromuscular Complaints

Proper evaluation of the patient with neuromuscular complaints begins with a carefully obtained family history as well as with a detailed account of the present illness. For the busy physician, listening to a patient’s story often filled with inappropriate details, can be a frustrating and time-comsuming venture. However, it is the history, and to a lesser extent, the physical findings that determine the direction of the diagnostic evaluation. Therefore the time spent in talking with the patient is often a well-rewarded investment.
A neutron transport benchmark in one-dimensional cylindrical geometry: Revisited

AbstractA new benchmark for monoenergetic neutron transport in one-dimensional cylindrical geometry is presented. In the past, several accurate benchmarks (i.e., numerical solutions) in cylindrical geometry, based on the singular eigenfunction expansion of the solution to the corresponding pseudoproblem, have appeared in the literature. In the new formulation, called the direct FN method in cylindrical geometry, we base the FN solution directly on the integro-differential equation satisfied by the pseudoproblem. Through appropriate projections, a straightforward FN formulation results in singular integral equations for both the flux and current. Enhanced by convergence acceleration, the FN approximation accurately reproduces published benchmark solutions for both fixed sources and criticality. Thus, we have developed an entirely pedagogical self-contained and highly accurate benchmark based on an alternative application of FN theory.
Introduction to computer numerical control

1. Introduction to Computer Numerical Control Manufacturing 2. Modern Machine Tool Controls 3. Tooling for Hole and Milling Operations 4. Exploring Features of CNC Manufacturing Centers 5. Review of Basic Blueprint Reading for CNC Programmers 6. Mathematics for CNC Programming 7. An Overview of CNC Shop Activities 8. Word Address Programming 9. Programming Hole Operations 10. Programming Linear Profiles 11. Programming Circular Profiles 12. Programming with Cutter Diameter Compensation 13. Programming with Subprograms 14. Introduction to the CNC Lathe 15. Fundamental Concepts of CNC Lathe Programming 16. Techniques and Fixed Cycles for CNC Lathe Programming 17. Introduction to CNC Wire EDM 18. Modern Computer-Aided Part Programming Appendix A: Important Safety Precautions Appendix B: Summaries of Codes Appendix C: Recommended Speeds and Feeds for Drilling, Milling, and Turning Appendix D: Summary of Important Machining Formulas Appendix E: Tables of Important GDT Symbols Appendix F: Identification System for OD and ID Tools Appendix G: Running the Mill Simulator Appendix H: Writing and Verifying Mill Part Programs via Predator Simulation Software Appendix I: Running the Lathe Simulator Appendix J: Writing and Verifying Turn Part Programs via Predator Simulation Software
Review of hyperspectral imagers and comparison with respect to real-time processing on space and aircraft platforms

Over the last decade, various designs for hyperspectral instruments have been developed and may be categorized roughly by the way in which they acquire hyperspectral data: via filter, dispersion, or Fourier transform. Each category has unique characteristics that led to differing processing needs. Fueled by increasing demands for real time hyperspectral data from space and aircraft platforms, a new generation of data processing capabilities are being developed by an increasingly large community with the objective of accommodating the high data rate produced by these hyperspectral imagers. This paper provides an overview of the three basic categories of HSIs and then contrast each with respect to current and planned processing capabilities.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Incidental splenic injury: Is splenectomy always necessary?

Abstract Three cases of incidental splenic injuries are presented in which hemostasis was accomplished with the application of Gelfoam, thus eliminating the need for splenectomy. The method of Gelfoam application to the spleen and its indications are discussed.
The International Criminal Court and United States opposition A Structural Contradictions Model

While the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been touted as the most fundamental development in international society to date, there has been relatively little criminological research examining the potential influence of the ICC. Additionally, criminologists have neglected the United States' responses to the ICC. Our purpose is to fill that gap by examining the United States' role in the development of, and subsequent reactions to, the ICC. Moreover, we draw upon Chambliss' Structural Contradictions Model to explicate processes within the development of International Law, thereby expanding its utility. We begin with a brief discussion of the most contentious elements of the ICC for the United States, sovereignty and jurisdiction, followed by a review of the theoretical model utilized in our analysis. We then discuss the role of the United States in the development of the ICC followed by the proceeding actions taken against the Court. We suggest how US withdrawal and legislative undermining of the ICC not only reflects the US ambiguous relationship with international law but also reveals some of the inherent limitations placed on the ICC as an international institution of formal social control. We conclude with a criminological analysis of the Court's potential based on the existing Rome Statute and the recent efforts of the U.S. to thwart its efficacy.
A Public Choice Analysis of the Evolution of Tort Law

. In contrast to the article by W. Harris, it is contended that in the area of product liability a rule of strict liability is not necessarily less efficient than a negligence rule and an analogy between product liability cases and lotteries is not appropriate.
Endourological Management of Upper Tract Urothelial Tumors

Abstract Advances in ureteroscopic and percutaneous techniques have made it possible to treat many upper tract malignancies by conservative, parenchyma sparing surgery. Percutaneous techniques generally allow for easier and better access to the renal pelvis and improved tumor resection. However, concerns for tumor spillage and nephrostomy tract seeding make the ureteroscopic approach best for initial management of accessible renal pelvic lesions, particularly when the diagnosis is unclear. Ureteral tumors, especially those arising in the lower third of the ureter, are technically easier to treat endoscopically than are renal pelvic tumors. Fulguration or laser photocoagulation may be used to ablate the tumor following cold-cup biopsy for histological diagnosis. Supplemental therapy using laser treatment of the tumor base, and postoperative instillation of BCG and mitomycin C offer great potential benefit in terms of improved tumor control. Confirmation of such benefit awaits the results of larger trials. Presently, standard nephroureterectomy remains the procedure of choice for most transitional cell carcinomas of the upper urinary tract in patients with a normal contralateral kidney. For those with a solitary kidney, renal insufficiency, bilateral tumors or severe intercurrent disease preventing a major open operation conservative management using endoscopic techniques is a viable alternative. Overall, it appears that grade and stage are far more important determinants of long-term out-come than the type of operation in those with transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. For this reason, some physicians have recommended conservative management of low grade, noninvasive lesions even in the face of a normal opposite kidney. However, the majority of patients with upper tract urothelial tumors are best treated by nephroureterectomy, which leads to a low risk of local recurrence and obviates the need for rigorous postoperative upper tract surveillance.
A Game based Learning Model for Entrepreneurship Education

Abstract Entrepreneurship Education aims to help students acquire skills and knowledge that are crucial for the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. The article describes a blended model based on the use of a serious game within the framework of the EU-funded project “I can…I cannot…I go!” Rev. 2 (PNPV project). The learning model and the serious game was designed in order to build a learning space that fosters learner's entrepreneurial mindset through experiential learning.
Time-Resolved Aerosol Collector for CCSEM/EDX single-particle analysis

An automated Time-Resolved Aerosol Collector (TRAC) has been developed for sequential sampling of field-collected aerosols for laboratory-based Computer Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersed X-ray (CCSEM/EDX) single-particle analysis. The collector is optimized for the use of grid-supported 50 nm carbon films as deposition substrates. The carbon films have low enough X-ray background to permit EDX analysis down to 0.1-0.2 w m particles, including detection of low-Z elements: C, N, and O. The TRAC provides unattended sampling onto a set of 151 individual grids, at sequential time intervals as short as 1 min. After collection, the samples are sealed and refrigerated pending analysis. The utility of the TRAC-CCSEM/EDX approach is exemplified using the aerosol samples collected during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (August 15-September 15, 2000). We are able to follow the time evolution in the relative contribution of nonvolatile particles such as ammonium sulfate, mineral dust, sea salt,...
Sine-Gordon chain as a model for a two-dimensional interface

The sine-Gordon chain (SGC) is used as a model of the solid-on-solid (SOS) model of a two-dimensional interface. In the SGC model the energy scale for creation of edges (solitons) differs from the energy scale for the creation of disorder. The roughness of a surface and the melting of a surface occur at controllably different temperatures. The SOS and SGC models are compared.
The effects of tetrahydroxyquinone on connective tissue

KELLY and PINKUS reported on the oral treatment of keloids with Tetrahydroxyquinonet in 1958 [I]. At that time it was stated that the keloids regressed in size, that the symptoms were ameliorated and that the histological changes in the connective tissue were very definite and interesting. There were changes, following the administration of Tetrahydroxyquinane, in all three divisions of the connective tissue. The cells were increased in number, the metachromasia lessened and there appeared to be some breakdown of collagen bundles. After noting these changes, the next step was to try to create an experimental tool with which we could work, and to attempt to determine by differential staining when and how various components of the connective tissue were affected. The tool chosen was the Ivalon sponge implanted in the flanks of female rats. These animals were given estrogen$ twice weekly [2]. This was done because MULLER [3] reported that estradiol caused enlargement of the collagen bundles in the compact connective tissue in rats. Histology and histochemistry of sponge implants in rats with estrogen and without estrogen were studied in detail [4]. Connective tissue response to sponge implants in estrogen treated rats in some ways resembled a keloid. This report is concerned with: (1) the effect of Tetrahydroxyquinone, clinically on keloids; (2) the histology of normal keloids and the changes that occur after Tetrahydroxyquinone; (3) the effect of Tetrahydroxyquinone upon the sponge implant.
Evolving friend lists in social networks

In a social network, users can sort members of their social graph into friend lists to both understand the social structures within the graph and control the flow of incoming and outgoing information. To reduce the user-effort required to create these lists, previous work has developed techniques for generating friend-lists in a static social graph. This paper considers the user effort required to create friend lists in an evolving graph. We have developed several new initial quantitative metrics to capture this effort, and identified an initial technique for modeling graph growth. We have used these metrics and model to compare two techniques for evolving friend lists when the social graph grows: manual evolution - the user evolves friend lists using no external tools -- and full recommendation -- an existing state of the art tool recommends a whole new set of friend lists. In these comparisons, we used the friend lists of 12 individuals, and simulated the growth of their social graphs and friend lists using our graph-growth model. Intuitively, when the graph evolves by a small (large) amount, the manual (automatic) approach should perform better. Our experiments show that full recommendation performs better than manual when the social graph changes by more than 1%, and yields an almost complete reduction in effort in the best cases.
Extension of the streamlined Darwin model to quasineutral plasmas

The finite electron mass streamlined Darwin field (SDF) model is derived for a quasineutral plasma and contrasted to the SDF model for a nonneutral plasma. Because the Darwin model is used, the Courant numerical stability condition c δt/δx < 1 is avoided. In a quasineutral plasma, the ωpeδt < 2 stability condition and the δx/λDe < 1 accuracy condition are avoided by the use of a quasineutral Poisson equation. A fast coupled-elliptic solution technique, found to work extremely well with the nonneutral SDF model, also works well with the quasineutral SDF model. Because of the similarity of the field equations for a nonneutral and a quasineutral plasma, it may be possible to simulate a plasma with both nonneutral and quasineutral regions using a single SDF solver.
Inhibition of Interferon-γ Signaling in Oligodendroglia Delays Coronavirus Clearance without Altering Demyelination

Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by the neurotropic JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) induces an acute encephalomyelitis associated with demyelination. To examine the anti-viral and/or regulatory role of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling in the cell that synthesizes and maintains the myelin sheath, we analyzed JHMV pathogenesis in transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative IFN-γ receptor on oligodendroglia. Defective IFN-γ signaling was associated with enhanced oligodendroglial tropism and delayed virus clearance. However, the CNS inflammatory cell composition and CD8+ T-cell effector functions were similar between transgenic and wild-type mice, supporting unimpaired peripheral and CNS immune responses in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, increased viral load in oligodendroglia did not affect the extent of myelin loss, the frequency of oligodendroglial apoptosis, or CNS recruitment of macrophages. These data demonstrate that IFN-γ receptor signaling is critical for the control of JHMV replication in oligodendroglia. In addition, the absence of a correlation between increased oligodendroglial infection and the extent of demyelination suggests a complex pathobiology of myelin loss in which infection of oligodendroglia is required but not sufficient.
Is it wise to eliminate lymphography from the staging of Hodgkin's disease?

We believe that lymphography and CT are complementary rather than mutually exclusive techniques for the diagnosis and staging of HD. Unfortunately, it seems that many radiologists and clinicians disregard the ability of lymphography to provide qualitative information on lymph node architecture, which is not available by CT. The use of lymphography is declining in several teaching centers throughout the world. This makes it difficult for young radiologists to acquire the skills needed to perform and interpret lymphographies successfully. In turn, radiologists who have little experience with lymphography are less likely to use the technique. Because most of the treatment-related morbidity in HD is dose-related, and because lymphography helps to avoid over- and undertreatment, we believe that high-quality lymphography continues to have a significant role in the staging of selected HD patients. Moreover, lymphography may reduce both the cost of management and the morbidity rate in many HD patients. One soluti...
Nature of light-induced conductance changes in ventral photoreceptors of Limulus.

THE response of invertebrate photoreceptors to light is thought to be composed of small discrete events known as ‘bumps’1–5. The rate of occurrence of these bumps increases and their average size decreases with increasing ambient light intensity (light adaptation)6–10. The mechanisms involved in these processes are unknown. I report here an analysis of the light-induced current fluctuations in the voltage-clamped ventral photoreceptors of Limulus. Results seem to suggest that the conductance change of a bump is due to the opening of discrete channels which have properties similar to those of the discrete channels observed in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction11–14. The data also lead to suggestions of plausible mechanisms for the generation and adaptation of bumps.
Distribution of surface pebbles with changes in wave energy on a sandy estuarine beach

ABSTRACT A 29-day field experiment in Delaware Bay, NJ identified the dispersion of surface pebbles due to cross-shore transport on a mesotidal estuarine beach composed mainly of sand. Wave heights were 0.04-0.56 m. Dissipation of wave energy on the low-tide terrace increases as water levels become lower, creating a spatial gradient in wave energy delivered to the foreshore. Analysis of surface sediment samples taken daily at 4 m intervals across the foreshore and two experiments using dyed pebbles as tracers document increasing quantities of pebbles with distance downslope on the beach, corresponding to the decreasing energy gradient. There is a second locus of high pebble concentration near the upper limit of swash at high water. Numbers of surface pebbles are at a minimum following high-energy events (wind speed > 8.0 m/s, wave height > 0.3 m); the most conspicuous pebble accumulations result from low-energy conditions (wind speed < 3.0 m/s, wave height < 0.2 m). Pebbles move up and down the foreshore within the beach step. They accumulate just above the low-tide terrace on the falling tide when wave energy diminishes at low water under both storm and nonstorm conditions. Finer particles are moved onshore from this location by low-energy post-storm accretional waves and offshore by outflow from the beach water table, leaving pebbles as a surface lag. A fraction of these pebbles is moved up the beach by the swash of low-energy waves or within the beach step in subsequent tidal cycles. There is insu ficient sand in the backwash of low-energy waves to bury pebbles; they project into the flow of the swash and have low pivoting angles, increasing the probability of entrainment and movement over the sand particles to the upper limit of swash.
Sovereignty, tribal government, and the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Amendments of 1987

Contemporary dimensions of a conflict over the political powers of Alaska Natives and their relationship to the larger society were set by the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. This granted land and money to Alaska Natives, established corporations to use these assets, and ensured that the land and the corporations would remain under Native control until at least 1991. Under 1987 amendments to ANCSA, Congress extended these special protections indefinitely. Leaders of the tribal government movement in Alaska tried unsuccessfully to use the amendments to gain increased political power and federal recognition of Native tribes and tribal governments. They were opposed by federal authorities, Alaska's US senators, the State of Alaska, non-Native political interest groups, and Native leaders of the ANCSA corporations. Although stalled in this instance, the drive toward tribal government, or ‘sovereignty’, in Alaska remains a viable political movement. It is part of a continuing evolution of Native politics which in its modern form began with land claims and now includes a much broader concern for political claims of sovereignty, or inherent self-governing powers. In pursuing this course, however, tribal leaders will need to focus more on specific requirements for Native security and welfare than on general claims of sovereignty, and avoid direct confrontations with powerful opponents.
Cardiac Tamponade Following Open-Heart Surgery

A review of 310 consecutive cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass for acquired valvular and congenital heart disease found eight cases of late tamponade, 8 to 30 days after operation, and four cases of early tamponade, within 36 hours after operation. Early tamponade, associated with postoperative bleeding, was easily recognized and treated, but late tamponade was often misdiagnosed as cardiac failure or pulmonary embolism. In the eight late cases, six were associated with anticoagulation and hemorrhage, while two developed a bloody effusion with a pericardiotomy syndrome. Tamponade produced an elevated right atrial pressure, low central or mixed venous oxygen tension, oliguria, hypotension, and tachycardia. A severe metabolic acidosis was a late finding. Treatment in the presence of bleeding was uniformly effective if thoracotomy and drainage were promptly instituted. Pericardiocentesis sufficed only in the patients with a pericardiotomy syndrome. Three deaths occurred in the late group from a d...
Activity of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus M Protein Mutants in Cell Rounding Is Correlated with the Ability to Inhibit Host Gene Expression and Is Not Correlated with Virus Assembly Function

Abstract In addition to its role in virus assembly, the matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is involved in virus-induced cell rounding and inhibition of host-directed gene expression. Previous experiments have shown that two M protein mutants genetically dissociate the ability of M protein to inhibit host-directed gene expression from its function in virus assembly: M protein from tsO82 virus is fully functional in virus assembly but defective in the inhibition of host-directed gene expression, while the MN1 deletion mutant, which lacks amino acids 4–21, inhibits host-directed gene expression but cannot function in virus assembly. Experiments presented here compared cell rounding induced by these two mutant M proteins to that of wt M protein. BHK cells were transfected with M protein mRNA transcribedin vitro,and the extent of cell rounding was evaluated at 24 hr posttransfection. The MN1 protein was nearly as effective as wt M protein in the induction of cell rounding, while tsO82 M protein expressed from transfected RNA was not able to induce cell rounding above that observed in negative controls without M protein, although it did cause BHK cells to have a less elongated shape. These results indicate that the ability of MN1 and tsO82 M proteins to induce cell rounding is not correlated with their virus assembly function. Instead the cell rounding activity of these mutants is correlated with their ability to inhibit host-directed gene expression. Previous data suggesting that these two cytopathic activities could be dissociated can be readily accounted for by quantitative differences in M protein expression required. Infection of either BHK cells or L cells with tsO82 virus induced cell rounding, although cell rounding was delayed relative to that following infection with wt VSV, suggesting that tsO82 M protein retains some cytopathic activity. The distribution of actin, vimentin, and tubulin in transfected cells was determined by fluorescence microscopy. In cells transfected with tsO82 M mRNA, these cytoskeletal elements were indistinguishable from those of negative control transfected cells. In cells rounded as a result of transfection with wt M or MN1 mRNA, actin-containing filaments were reorganized into a thick perinuclear ring but were not depolymerized. In contrast, tubulin and vimentin appeared to be diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm of rounded cells. These results support the idea that cell rounding induced by M protein results from the depolymerization of microtubules and/or intermediate filaments.
Review of flow rate estimates of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Abstract The unprecedented nature of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill required the application of research methods to estimate the rate at which oil was escaping from the well in the deep sea, its disposition after it entered the ocean, and total reservoir depletion. Here, we review what advances were made in scientific understanding of quantification of flow rates during deep sea oil well blowouts. We assess the degree to which a consensus was reached on the flow rate of the well by comparing in situ observations of the leaking well with a time-dependent flow rate model derived from pressure readings taken after the Macondo well was shut in for the well integrity test. Model simulations also proved valuable for predicting the effect of partial deployment of the blowout preventer rams on flow rate. Taken together, the scientific analyses support flow rates in the range of ∼50,000–70,000 barrels/d, perhaps modestly decreasing over the duration of the oil spill, for a total release of ∼5.0 million barrels of oil, not accounting for BP's collection effort. By quantifying the amount of oil at different locations (wellhead, ocean surface, and atmosphere), we conclude that just over 2 million barrels of oil (after accounting for containment) and all of the released methane remained in the deep sea. By better understanding the fate of the hydrocarbons, the total discharge can be partitioned into separate components that pose threats to deep sea vs. coastal ecosystems, allowing responders in future events to scale their actions accordingly.
Lorentz noninvariance of the complex-ghost relativistic field theory

It is proved that the complex-ghost relativistic field theory with real space momenta, which was proposed by Lee and Wick and by Lee, is not invariant under real Lorentz transformations in the second-order self-energy part involving a complex-ghost-pair intermediate state.
Comorbidity and autism: Trends, topics and future directions

Abstract Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are common, life-long disorders. Symptoms of ASD often co-occur with other difficulties that also tend to be chronic and debilitating. Common co-occurring difficulties include intellectual disabilities, physical conditions, comorbid psychopathologies and challenging behaviors. However, the idea of comorbidities among individuals with ASD is still a relatively new notion. Thus, a new field of research is developing examining comorbidities with ASD. This field is developing rapidly but is still lacking. This paper highlights the most common forms of comorbid disorders, and the future direction of research on comorbidities among individuals with ASD is discussed.
Combined Laparoscopic Gastric Banding and Stomach Reduction (GBSR): Initial Experience After 1 Year

We combined laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) and laparoscopic partial gastrectomy into a single procedure (GBSR). The 6- and 12-month percent excess weight loss (EWL) was compared to results expected from the literature for LAGB and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) using t test. The time to band adjustment was compared with the 6-week period experienced in our setting for LAGB using a sign test. Eighteen patients were considered. One patient had gastric leak and had the band removed in postoperative day 1. Seventeen patients were followed-up. The patients, 4 men and 13 women, had a mean age of 38.8 years, an initial mean BMI of 52.4 kg/m2, and a mean of 8.3 comorbidities. All required outpatient band adjustment, eight at 4 months, eight at 5 months, and one at 6 months; the median 5 months was greater than the 6 weeks expected for LAGB (P < 0.001). The mean 6-month EWL, 28.6%, was similar to that expected for LAGB (P = 0.24) and less than that expected for LYRGB (P < 0.001). The mean 12-month EWL, 57.4%, was greater than that expected for LAGB (P < 0.001) and less than that expected for LYRGB (P < 0.001). Although GBSR’s EWL at 6 and 12 months is less than that of LRYGB, GBSR should be further studied and applied in specific situations only.
Apparent Radio Radiation at 11-m. Wave-Length from Venus

IN 1956 several preliminary communications reported the apparent reception of 11-m. radiation from the planet Venus1. In particular, one communication reported coherent or quasi-coherent radiation, designated Class II, which was also thought to originate from Venus. From further observations and subsequent analyses it now appears definite that these signals were not from Venus but were in all cases almost certainly interference of terrestrial origin.
The bilateral movement condition facilitates maximal but not submaximal paretic-limb grip force in people with post-stroke hemiparesis.

Objectives Although healthy individuals have less force production capacity during bilateral muscle contractions compared to unilateral efforts, emerging evidence suggests that certain aspects of paretic upper limb task performance after stroke may be enhanced by moving bilaterally instead of unilaterally. We investigated whether the bilateral movement condition affects grip force differently on the paretic side of people with post-stroke hemiparesis, compared to their non-paretic side and both sides of healthy young adults.
Autonomic Modulation of Cellular Repolarization and of the Electrocardiographic QT Interval

Autonomic Modulation of Repolarization. The modulation of repolarization on ECG, the currents contributing to it in cardiac myocytes, and the effects of autonomic stimulation on repoiarization are all complex areas that not only influence the normal rhythm of the heart, but have important implications with respect to arrhythmias. The following is a brief review that stresses the role of autonomic modulation of repolarization, summarizing the extent of our information with respect to the normal heart and the dysrhythmic heart. Particular emphasis is placed on the long QT syndrome and its relationship to lethal arrhythmias. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 3, pp. 487–499. October 1992)
Computer modeling of diffusion in Ni-rich Ni3Al and composition dependence of diffusion in γ′ Ni3Al

Atomistic simulations of diffusion in off-stoichiometric Ni-rich Ni3Al (Ni77Al23) at temperatures ranging from 1300 to 1550 K and comprehensive analysis of the composition dependence of Ni and Al diffusion in γ' Ni3Al of three compositions, 73, 75 and 77 at.% Ni, are presented. The interatomic forces are described by Finnis–Sinclair type N-body potentials. The simulations reveal that Ni diffusion is dominated by Ni vacancy mechanisms; Al diffusion is via both the intrasublattice and antistructure bridge (ASB) mechanism in Ni77Al23 at the temperatures investigated. The presence of an extra 2% of antisite defects enhances diffusion of both Ni and Al at off-stoichiometric Ni-enriched Ni3Al via the vacancy–antisite interaction. The single vacancy diffusivity of Ni and Al in Ni3Al of three compositions, 73, 75 and 77 at.% Ni, at the above temperatures are corrected with thermal equilibrium concentration of point defects. The corrected Ni and Al diffusion data are in good agreement with available experimental data. The Ni diffusivity decreases with the Ni concentration, while Al diffusivity has a minimum at the stoichiometric composition in the simulated temperature range.
The influence of a mean fluid velocity gradient on the particle-fluid velocity covariance

Abstract The effect of a mean fluid velocity gradient on the particle-fluid velocity covariance and fluctuating relative velocity for a small solid particle suspended in a turbulent gas is examined using Fourier transform techniques. The presence of such a gradient is shown to elevate the covariance above the level predicted without it. The variance of the fluctuating relative velocity is not directly affected by the presence of a mean velocity gradient. The possible impact on turbulence modulation by particles is discussed.
Self-Employment as a Social and Economic Development Intervention for Recipients of AFDC

Summary This paper reports findings from program evaluations of two demonstrations designed to (1) test self-employment as a social and economic development strategy for recipients of AFDC, and (2) identify policy barriers to improving the economic well-being of this population. The authors collected data through interviews with program participants and program operators and used secondary data contained in operators' management information systems and state Department of Human Services electronic files. Program results showed that self-employment is a viable social and economic development strategy for self-selected welfare recipients who receive business training and assistance in locating operating capital. The paper discusses implications for social work practice, education, and research.
Clinical translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe

A first-in-human clinical trial of ultrasmall inorganic hybrid nanoparticles, “C dots” (Cornell dots), in patients with metastatic melanoma is described for the imaging of cancer. These renally excreted silica particles were labeled with 124I for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and modified with cRGDY peptides for molecular targeting. 124I-cRGDY–PEG–C dot particles are inherently fluorescent, containing the dye, Cy5, so they may be used as hybrid PET-optical imaging agents for lesion detection, cancer staging, and treatment management in humans. However, the clinical translation of nanoparticle probes, including quantum dots, has not kept pace with the accelerated growth in minimally invasive surgical tools that rely on optical imaging agents. The safety, pharmacokinetics, clearance properties, and radiation dosimetry of 124I-cRGDY–PEG–C dots were assessed by serial PET and computerized tomography after intravenous administration in patients. Metabolic profiles and laboratory tests of blood and urine specimens, obtained before and after particle injection, were monitored over a 2-week interval. Findings are consistent with a well-tolerated inorganic particle tracer exhibiting in vivo stability and distinct, reproducible pharmacokinetic signatures defined by renal excretion. No toxic or adverse events attributable to the particles were observed. Coupled with preferential uptake and localization of the probe at sites of disease, these first-in-human results suggest safe use of these particles in human cancer diagnostics.