cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The discriminative stimulus effects of morphine in pigeons responding under a progressive ratio schedule of food presentation.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether progressive ratio (PR) schedules might provide additional information, as compared with fixed ratio or fixed interval schedules, on pharmacologic features of discriminative stimuli (e.g. stimulus intensity). Five pigeons discriminated between 5.6 mg/kg morphine and saline under an arithmetic PR5 schedule of food presentation. The final ratio before pigeons either stopped responding for 5 min or switched responding from the selected to the non-selected key was designated as the last completed ratio (LCR). Pigeons responded 6.8% on the drug key following saline and 96.4% on the drug key following 5.6 mg/kg morphine. The average LCR value for saline was not significantly different from the average LCR value for morphine. A larger dose of morphine (10.0 mg/kg) increased the LCR value and significantly decreased rates of responding. Smaller doses of morphine (0.32 and 1.0 mg/kg) occasioned primarily saline-appropriate responding and decreased LCR values. Buprenorphine substituted for morphine and significantly increased LCR values, whereas nalbuphine produced only partial (20-80%) morphine-key responding and significantly decreased LCR. Cocaine did not substitute for morphine or modify LCR compared with saline control. Together, these results suggest that the stimulus effects of micro-opioids vary on a dimension (e.g. intensity) that can be quantified using PR schedules.
An Update on the National Election Studies

1952 and 1976; and to improve measurement of core concepts first created in the earlier Michigan studies, including development of instrumentation and study designs to allow testing of new theories of voting, participation, and public opinion. To carry out this mandate, NES conducts national surveys of the American electorate in presidential and midterm election years and carries out research and development work through pilot studies in odd-numbered years. The mission of NES is to produce high quality data on voting, public opinion, and olitical participation that serve the research needs of a broad commu-
Classification of Coffee-Forest Landscapes Using Landsat TM Imagery and Spectral Mixture Analysis

This research applies linear spectral mixture analysis (LSMA) to a Landsat TM image, and assesses the value of fraction images (green vegetation, shade, soil) and the thermal band (TM-B6) in discriminating shade-grown coffee systems from forests. Four combinations of TM bands and fraction images were compared, and a maximum likelihood algorithm was used to classify five land cover classes: high-density woodlands, low-density woodlands, coffee agroforests, crop / pasturelands, and urban settlements. The classification accuracy of each model combination was assessed using both Kappa analyses and quality and allocation disagreement parameters. Results indicate improvements to classification accuracies following inclusion of TM-B6 and fraction images as inputs to the classification; however, only the use of TM-B6 led to significant improvements at the 95 percent confidence level. The highest classification accuracy achieved was 86 percent (Kstandard = 0.82), with producer’s and user’s accuracy of coffee agroforests reaching 89 percent and 90 percent, respectively, an improvement over previous research aimed at spectrally distinguishing coffee from other woody cover types.
Tritrichomonas foetus Prevention and Control in Cattle.

Bovine trichomoniasis has been recognized as a pathogen of the bovine reproductive tract for nearly 100 years. Although characteristics of the causative organism, Tritrichomonas foetus lend to control and there are examples of disease eradication, cattle producers are still faced with this disease. This article highlights the clinical presentation, magnitude of effect, risk factors, epidemiology, and sample collection and suggests applications in developing herd-level control measures for beef cattle producers including testing strategies for control, testing strategies for surveillance, strategies to eliminate trichomoniasis from infected herds, and strategies for prevention in uninfected herds.
Maternal deaths in California from 1967 to 1971: A demonstration of the need for mortality review

An evaluation of maternal mortality statistics in California from 1967-1971 has been performed. There has been a fall in the maternal mortality rate following the institution of a therapeutic abortion act. However, analysis of the data reveals that there was an increase in the deaths due to hemorrhage and sepsis. At this same time the maternal mortality study committee was discontinued. It is strongly felt that the data demonstrate the need for a continuing review of maternal deaths. A proposal is made to redesign the maternal mortality study committee so that it can fully meet the needs of the medical profession and the patient.
Urea selectively induces DNA synthesis in renal epithelial cells.

Hyperosmotic stress with the functionally impermeant solute NaCl has been shown by us and others to inhibit cell growth and DNA synthesis. Several lines of evidence suggest that urea, the other principal renal medullary solute, may exert a growth-promoting effect on renal epithelial cells. Among these is the finding that urea upregulates expression at the mRNA level of two growth-associated immediate-early genes, Egr-1 and c-fos. In the present study, urea, in concentrations characteristic of the renal medulla, increased [3H]thymidine incorporation approximately threefold in confluent, growth-suppressed Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, whereas another readily membrane-permeant solute, glycerol, did not. Urea also overcame the inhibitory effect of hyperosmotic NaCl on DNA synthesis. The urea-induced increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation was also evident in the renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cell line, but not in renal nonepithelial and epithelial nonrenal cell types examined. In addition, it was associa...
Electrical Stimulation of Excitable Tissue

The response of excitable cells to naturally occurring or artificial stimuli is a subject of great importance in understanding natural function of nerve and muscle and in designing systems for interventional activation. Electric and magnetic field stimulation arises in research investigations and in clinical diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation.
The Message is More than the Medium: A Study of Media Theories and Impacts

The use of virtual teams is prevalent in organizations. Managers and CIOs face questions and issues regarding the organization and effectiveness of virtual teams. It is important for information systems researchers to study and understand virtual team and communication media issues. The objective of this research is to provide clarity to media impacts theories and better understand media impacts and team issues. An experiment involving a novel team task that required large amounts of information sharing and exchange was conducted. Using a combination of ANOVA and HLM, results from a sample of 152 individuals organized into 50 teams showed that the media itself did not significantly affect task performance. Teams communicated poorly or effectively in spite of the media. However, the media did have a significant impact on the time required to complete the task, on individuals’ satisfaction with the communication process, and individuals’ perceptions of their level of participation.
Interdependence between dorsal and ventral hippocampus during spatial navigation.

Introduction The hippocampus is linked to the formation and retrieval of episodic memories and spatial navigation. In rats, it is an elongated structure divided into dorsal (septal) and ventral (temporal) regions paralleling the respective division in the posterior and anterior hippocampus in humans. The dorsal hippocampus has been suggested to be more important for spatial processing and the ventral to processing anxiety-based behaviors. Far less is known regarding the degree to which these different regions interact during information processing. The anatomical connectivity suggests a flow of information between the dorsal and ventral regions; conversely, there are also commissural connections to the contralateral hippocampus. The current study examined the extent to which information from the dorsal hippocampus interacts with processing in the ipsilateral and contralateral ventral hippocampus following the acquisition of a spatial task. Methods Rats were well-trained on a spatial reference version of the water maze, followed by muscimol inactivation of different hippocampal subregions in a within-animal repeated design. Various combinations of bilateral, ipsilateral, and contralateral infusions were used. Results Combined dorsal and ventral inactivation produced a severe impairment in spatial performance. Inactivation of only the dorsal or ventral regions resulted in intermediate impairment with performance levels falling between controls and combined inactivation. Performance was impaired during contralateral inactivation and was almost equivalent to bilateral dorsal and ventral hippocampus inactivation, while ipsilateral inactivation resulted in little impairment. Conclusions Taken together, results indicate that for spatial processing, the hippocampus functions as a single integrated structure along the longitudinal axis.
The Nasal Tip Rotation Flap for Reconstruction of the Lateral Nasal Tip, Anterior Ala, and Soft Triangle: The Authors' Experience With 55 Patients.

BACKGROUNDDefects of the lateral nasal tip, anterior ala, and soft triangle subunits lack reconstructive options that are consistently satisfactory. For such defects, the novel anterior-based nasal tip rotation flap provides functional and aesthetic results in a single operative session.OBJECTIVETo
Single-Color Digital PCR Provides High-Performance Detection of Cancer Mutations from Circulating DNA.

We describe a single-color digital PCR assay that detects and quantifies cancer mutations directly from circulating DNA collected from the plasma of cancer patients. This approach relies on a double-stranded DNA intercalator dye and paired allele-specific DNA primer sets to determine an absolute count of both the mutation and wild-type–bearing DNA molecules present in the sample. The cell-free DNA assay uses an input of 1 ng of nonamplified DNA, approximately 300 genome equivalents, and has a molecular limit of detection of three mutation DNA genome-equivalent molecules per assay reaction. When using more genome equivalents as input, we demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.10% for detecting the BRAF V600E and KRAS G12D mutations. We developed several mutation assays specific to the cancer driver mutations of patients' tumors and detected these same mutations directly from the nonamplified, circulating cell-free DNA. This rapid and high-performance digital PCR assay can be configured to detect specific cancer mutations unique to an individual cancer, making it a potentially valuable method for patient-specific longitudinal monitoring.
Feedback Particle Filter on Riemannian Manifolds and Matrix Lie Groups

This paper is concerned with the problem of continuous-time nonlinear filtering of stochastic processes evolving on connected Riemannian manifolds without boundary. The main contribution of this paper is to derive the feedback particle filter (FPF) algorithm for this problem. In its general form, the FPF is shown to provide an intrinsic description of the filter that automatically satisfies the geometric constraints of the manifold. The particle dynamics are encapsulated in a Stratonovich stochastic differential equation that retains the feedback structure of the original (Euclidean) FPF. The implementation of the filter requires a solution of a Poisson equation on the manifold, and a numerical algorithm is described for this purpose. For the special case when the manifold is a matrix Lie group, explicit formulae for the filter are derived, using the matrix coordinates. Filters for two example problems are presented: the attitude estimation problem on $SO(3)$ and the robot localization problem in $SE(3)$ . Comparisons are also provided between the FPF and popular algorithms for attitude estimation, namely the multiplicative extended Kalman filter (EKF), the invariant EKF, the unscented quaternion estimator, the invariant ensemble Kalman filter, and the bootstrap particle filter. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate these comparisons.
Intravesicular taxane-induced dermatotoxicity in a 78-year-old man with urothelial carcinoma and primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma.

Patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for urothelial carcinoma often become refractory and experience recurrent disease, thus necessitating alternative intravesical treatment modalities if the patient is to be spared the morbidities associated with radical cystectomy. Intravesical treatment with taxane-based chemotherapy, such as docetaxel, has gained traction in urologic oncology, proving to be an effective salvage therapy in such patients. Systemic taxane-based chemotherapeutic regimens have long been used in several advanced malignancies, and their systemic side-effects and associated histologic correlates have been extensively documented. In contrast to adverse effects associated with systemic administration, intravesical taxane administration has thus far proven to be well-tolerated, with little to no systemic absorption. To our knowledge, features of taxane-induced systemic effects have not been reported in this setting. Herein, we report a case of a patient with recurrent urothelial carcinoma treated with intravesical docetaxel, along with primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma, who developed characteristic dermatotoxic histologic findings associated with intravenous taxane administration. As such histopathologic findings often represent close mimickers of neoplastic and infectious etiologies, knowledge of the potential for systemic manifestations of taxane therapy in patients treated topically may prevent potentially costly diagnostic pitfalls.
Promoting Greater Diversity and Inclusion in Radiology Research: A Survey of the American Association for Women Radiologists.

Objectives To assess perceived challenges to radiology research and publication by female radiologists, as well as possible strategies for overcoming these challenges. Methods An electronic survey was conducted of female nontrainee members of the American Association for Women Radiologists in September and October, 2017. Respondents were recruited by e-mail. Responses were assessed descriptively. Results The response rate was 31.8% (89/280). 61.4% of respondents were interested in conducting radiology research. 60.2% were expected by their departments to pursue research versus 80.7% expected to pursue educational activities. 56.8% felt that their research success is valued by their department. 47.7% felt that they receive appropriate credit for their research from their departments. 22.7% felt that they receive sufficient time for research. 23.9% felt that their department makes deliberate efforts to support women's research efforts. 41.6% versus 70.8% ever had a female versus a male research mentor, respectively. Among seven provided options, the three items most commonly selected as being most helpful to enhancing research success were dedicated research time (40.4%), personal research mentors (23.6%), and earlier career training in research methodology (21.3%). Additional relevant themes identified by a free-response survey item included: family/child-care issues (n = 5), unconscious bias at the departmental/chair level (n = 5), exclusion of women from research activities by male researchers (n = 2), and concern of being perceived as “aggressive” (n = 2). Conclusion Initiatives targeting the identified challenges to radiology research could help promote greater diversity and inclusion among radiologist researchers, which in turn has implications for improving the quality of such research.
Sympathetic nervous control of intestinal O2 extraction.

All three of the functionally defined series-coupled elements within the intestinal microcirculation respond to sympathetic nerve stimulation: the resistance vessels, the precapillary sphincters which govern the exchange vessels, and the capicitance vessels(1). In our computor model of the intestinal circulation (2,3), oxygen delivery to the intestinal tissues is regulated by arteriolar resistance to blood flow while the precapillary sphincters determine the number of open perfused capillaries; thus they control the diffusion parameters for oxygen (i.e., capillary surface area and mean capillary-to-cell diffusion distance). The model predicts that sympathetic-induced reductions in the density of the perfused capillary bed will depress intestinal oxygen extraction. Therefore, the purpose of this work has been to test that prediction in an animal model. Since oxygen delivery is the product of the arteriovenous oxygen difference (A–V ∆O2) and blood flow, we have studied the effects of norepinephrine infusion and sympathetic stimulation on intestinal oxygen extraction under constant-flow conditions in order to eliminate blood flow as a variable.
Prescribers' perceptions on the impact of hydrocodone rescheduling on geriatric pain management: A qualitative study

Objective: To qualitatively assess prescribers’ perceptions regarding the consequences associated with hydrocodone rescheduling among geriatric patients being discharged from inpatient settings . Design: This was a cross-sectional study . Setting: Two focus groups were conducted by a trained facilitator in a metropolitan academic medical center in January 2016 . Participants: Prescribers who manage noncancer pain for geriatric patients were recruited. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed using ATLAS.ti Qualitative Data Analysis software. Codes were derived from six primary research questions and results were summarized into key themes regarding the impact of rescheduling . Main outcome measures: Prescribers’ perceptions regarding hydrocodone rescheduling . Results: Prescribers mentioned that they review the prescription monitoring program (PMP) more often before prescribing opioids after rescheduling. They expressed concern regarding the required special serialized prescription forms needed to issue schedule II prescriptions. This led to substituting hydrocodone with potentially less effective pain medications, the inability to issue refills on hydrocodone prescriptions, and an ethical concern over prescribing hydrocodone to patients not under their direct care. Additionally, rescheduling has affected the coordination of care upon discharge, as patients moving to long-term care or skilled nursing facilities may not have adequate pain management when transferred . Conclusions: The majority of physicians felt rescheduling negatively impacted both practical and ethical aspects of patient care related to pain management after discharge. Rescheduling has changed physicians’ hydrocodone prescribing patterns, leading to more caution when prescribing hydrocodone and greater use of the PMP. Future studies should assess geriatric patients’ satisfaction and quality of life regarding pain management since hydrocodone was rescheduled .
Equity in social work employment: opportunity and challenge for social workers with disabilities in the United States

People with disabilities in the United States have had low levels of employment for decades, and the employment rate of people with disabilities remains virtually unchanged despite efforts to impro...
Cognitive factors and addiction

The present paper provides a brief review of cognitive factors related to addiction. Five representative cognitive constructs were selected from the current literature. These include the distinction between implicit and explicit cognitions; metacognitions; expectancies; motives; and social norms. For each of these a general overview is provided along with specific findings from selected recent studies. The intention is to provide the reader with a succinct but reasonable view of how each construct is currently studied in relation to the use of alcohol and other substances and to become aware of some of the strengths and limitations corresponding to the study of these constructs.
A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors.

The introduction of drugs that inhibit the GP IIb/IIIa receptor represents one of the most important new developments in the field of cardiovascular pharmacotherapeutics of the past decade. Thrombocytopenia associated with a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor can occur in up to 5% of patients and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Monitoring of the platelet count early after administration of these drugs is recommended and further assessment of the platelet count should be performed with long-term oral administration. Confirmation of true thrombocytopenia and an investigation of other potential etiologies are crucial initial diagnostic steps that should be taken when a platelet count of <100,000/cm3 is encountered. In patients receiving concomitant heparin, identification of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti-heparin-PF4 antibodies is preferred. Treatment recommendations depend upon the severity of thrombocytopenia and presence of bleeding. In general, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy should be stopped; conventional critical care instituted; and platelet transfusions considered if the platelet count is <10,000/cm3, if there is severe bleeding, or if an emergency invasive procedure is required. Readministration of GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors may be associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia in selected circumstances, and caution is advised if the patient had previously experienced a significant decline in the platelet count or developed drug-induced antibodies following prior use. Future areas of research should target the mechanism(s) of thrombocytopenia, more accurate diagnostic methods, and the risk of thrombocytopenia when these drugs are combined with other antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents.
Measuring microthreats in middle and high schools: a first step toward making schools safe for all students

This study examined psychometric qualities of a scale assessing middle and high school students’ experiences with negative social interactions that we call “microthreats.” The scale comes from the School Success Profile, a self-report social environmental assessment. Similar to microaggression scales, but with important differences, the scale measures perceptions of incivilities and discrimination that threaten students’ educational success. Because members of marginalized groups (based for example, on race/ethnicity, SES, or sexual orientation) may experience microthreats more than others, assessing and addressing them is an issue of social justice and equal access to education. Unlike existing scales, the SSP microthreat scale is developmentally appropriate, focuses on the school setting, and uses a time frame relevant for assessing change over the school year. Used in conjunction with identity status data, the scale can assess experiences of students with one or more identities that may provoke microthreats. The scale’s within-group performance and invariance were tested with a sample of 2,619 6th through 9th graders from two school districts in a southeastern state. Invariance of the scale was tested in two random samples of African American, Latino, and European American students (n = 1,310 and 1,309 respectively). A one-factor model with partial measurement invariance fit the data well. Microthreats were common in all three groups and were associated with scores on measures of self-esteem, maladjustment, school engagement, and behavior. Measuring students’ negative social interactions at school is an important first step toward addressing school and classroom dynamics that threaten student well-being and educational success.
Calibration of High-Resolution Polarimetric Imaging SAR Accounting For the Impulse Response of the Active Point-Target and The SAR Ambiguity Function

In this paper, calibration of a high-resolution imaging SAR using an active point target is considered. Most of the time, the exact position of the calibration target with respect to the ground pixel cannot be determined ahead of time. As we show in this paper, an offset in the location of the calibration target with respect to the center of the ground pixel can result in a rather large calibration error if not properly accounted for. Furthermore, depending on the pixel size, the impulse response of the active calibration target may span over a long enough time to create aliasing effects over a few adjacent pixels. This paper will investigate both of these effects and introduce a method to accurately calibrate the SAR in the presence of these effects. It is shown that the proposed method also reduces the effect of clutter on the accuracy of calibration.
Cardiovascular Outcomes and Rehospitalization Rates in Homeless Patients Admitted With Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Abstract Objective To study the in-hospital outcomes and 30-day readmission data in homeless patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Adult patients (>18 years of age) who were admitted with AMI between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, were identified in the National Readmission Database. Patients were classified into homeless or non-homeless. Baseline characteristics, rates of invasive assessment and revascularization, mortality, 30-day readmission rates, and reasons for readmission were compared between the 2 cohorts. Results A total of 3938 of 1,100,241 (0.4%) index hospitalizations for AMI involved homeless patients. Compared with non-homeless patients, homeless patients were younger (mean age, 57±10 years vs 68±14 years; P Conclusion Considerable differences in cardiovascular risk profile, in-hospital care, and rehospitalization rates were observed in the homeless compared with non-homeless cohort with AMI. Measures to remove the health care barriers and disparities are needed.
Dysregulation of the Angiopoietin-2/Tie-2 Axis is Associated with Reduced Pulsatility and Increased Arteriovenous Malformation Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding Following Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation

Purpose Recent studies have suggested arteriovenous malformation related gastrointestinal bleeding (AVM-GIB) after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is associated with reduced arterial pulsatility and right heart failure. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is elevated among patients on LVAD support, and in concert with abnormal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), binding of Ang-2 to the Tie-2 receptor contributes to abnormal angiogenesis and post-LVAD GIB. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Ang-2, Tie-2, and VEGF with AVM-GIB and its clinical associates. Methods We evaluated 65 patients who underwent LVAD implantation at Loyola University Medical Center. Blood samples were obtained at a median follow up of 13 (interquartile range 1.7-31.5) months following LVAD implantation. Results A total of 19 (29%) patients developed AVM-GIB. Patients with AVM-GIB were older at the time of LVAD implantation (63±10 vs. 53±15 years; p=0.048), but the groups were otherwise balanced in baseline characteristics. Patients with AVM-GIB had increased levels of Ang-2 (8169±4.471 vs. 6560±397 pg/mL; p=0.02) and Tie-2 (20.0±3.3 vs. 17.3±4.0 ng/mL; p=0.07) without a difference in VEGF (200.5±183.3 vs. 216.6±220 pg/mL; p=0.7). Patients whose aortic valve opened less than 80% of cardiac cycles had significantly higher levels of Ang-2 (7948±4226 vs 5566±3691 pg/mL; p=0.02) and Tie-2 (19.6±4.5 vs. 16.3±3.2 ng/mL; p=0.001). There was no association between the evaluated biomarkers and other demographic or clinical characteristics including invasive and noninvasive hemodynamics. Conclusion Our study suggests that dysregulation of the Ang-2/Tie-2 axis among LVAD patients is associated with AVM-GIB. Further, we find that reduced pulsatility is associated with elevations of Ang-2 and Tie-2, providing a possible mechanism for the link between reduced pulsatility and GIB. Whether hemodynamic optimization with ramp studies could reduce Ang-2 and AVM-GIB is a subject of our ongoing research.
High Level of Food Insecurity among Families with Children Seeking Routine Care at Federally Qualified Health Centers during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

Objective: To assess food insecurity during pediatric visits to federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic. Study design: Interviews using the validated American Academy of Pediatrics 2-question food insecurity screen were performed with 200 consecutive families presenting for pediatric care to 2 FQHC in Central Texas from April 14 to May 20, 2020, during the initial phase of the pandemic in Texas. Brief qualitative interviews were conducted to determine whether families found a worsening of food insecurity during the pandemic. Results: Overall, 47% of families had a positive food insecurity screen. More than 90% of these were worrying about food running out and about 60% were positive for the question related to food not lasting. Among families with food insecurity, 94% indicated this had begun or worsened during the pandemic. Of the 115 families volunteering information about employment, 46% reported job loss during this time period. Both ethnicity (P < .001) and Special Supplementation Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) participation (P = .03) were associated with greater levels of food insecurity. Among primarily Spanish-speaking families participating in the WIC program, 64% reported food insecurity. Conclusions: Approximately one-half of families receiving routine pediatric care at a FQHC during the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic reported food insecurity and this was associated with loss of jobs during the pandemic. Participation in the WIC program was not protective against food insecurity. Increased frequency of food insecurity was detected in Hispanic and Spanish-speaking families. Screening of families at an FQHC should be strongly considered as a part of routine pediatric care. Knowledge of community resources is important for providers to share with patients. (J Pediatr: X 2020;4:100044). Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04378595
Do Parents’ ADHD Symptoms Affect Treatment for their Children? The Impact of Parental ADHD on Adherence to Behavioral Parent Training for Childhood ADHD

Nearly half of all youth with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have at least one parent who also meets criteria for the disorder, and intergenerational ADHD is a significant risk factor for poor outcomes following evidence-based behavioral parent training (BPT) programs. Given that BPT is predicated on consistent parental involvement, symptoms of ADHD in parents may be a significant barrier to effective engagement with BPT treatment. In the present investigation, we examine the effect of parental ADHD symptoms on BPT treatment engagement for children with ADHD-predominantly inattentive presentation (N = 148, ages 7–11). We examine the following parent- and clinician-rated treatment engagement domains: between-session skill adherence, in-session participation, perceived skill understanding, treatment-engagement attitudes, and session attendance. Parent- and clinician-rated between-session adherence was the only treatment engagement domain related significantly to parental ADHD symptoms. This finding was robust and remained even after accounting for symptoms of parental anxiety and depression, child ADHD symptom severity, and various sociodemographic factors (parental education level, household income, employment status, and being a single parent). These findings suggest that targeting parental ADHD symptoms in the context of parenting interventions may be a promising approach for improving adherence and treatment outcomes for BPT interventions.
A Deep Filtering Approach for Control of Partially Observed Systems

This letter develops a new approach for a class of stochastic control problems under partial observations. The new approach is a deep filtering based method. Algorithms are proposed, and comparisons to the Kalman filter are provided. Both quadratic and non-quadratic costs are considered. Numerical experiments and production planning case studies are presented to demonstrate that training with a constant-gain linear feedback integrated with the DF state estimator can meet the needs of a broad class of optimal control problems under partially observation of the state.
Modeling a synthetic aptamer-based riboswitch biosensor sensitive to low hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) concentrations

RNA aptamers are relatively short nucleic acid sequences that bind targets with high affinity, and when combined with a riboswitch that initiates translation of a fluorescent reporter protein, can be used as a biosensor for chemical detection in various types of media. These processes span target binding at the molecular scale to fluorescence detection at the macroscale, which involves a number of intermediate rate-limiting physical (e.g., molecular conformation change) and biochemical changes (e.g., reaction velocity), which together complicate assay design. Here we describe a mathematical model developed to aid environmental detection of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) using the DsRed fluorescent reporter protein, but is general enough to potentially predict fluorescence from a broad range of water-soluble chemicals given the values of just a few kinetic rate constants as input. If we expose a riboswitch test population of Escherichia coli bacteria to a chemical dissolved in media, then the model predicts an empirically distinct, power-law relationship between the exposure concentration and the elapsed time of exposure. This relationship can be used to deduce an exposure time that meets or exceeds the optical threshold of a fluorescence detection device and inform new biosensor designs.
How We Selected the Theories

This chapter presents how we developed our initial list of business communication theories, expanded the list, and what outside advice we drew upon to finalize the list. We developed the initial list from our own knowledge and examining theories presented by major business communication journals. We then expanded the list by examining other sources (such as communication texts that included our initial theories) and adding relevant business communication theories that these texts listed. Finally, we canvassed notable business communication experts for their input on any theories we had missed through these other methods.
A Predictive Model of Intrinsic Factors Associated with Long-Stay Nursing Home Care After Hospitalization

We aimed to build a predictive model with intrinsic factors measured upon admission to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) post-acute care (PAC) to identify older adults transferred from SNFs to long...
SKIM : Few-Shot Conversational Semantic Parsers with Formal Dialogue Contexts

The traditional dialogue state tracking (DST) task tracks the dialogue state given the past history of user and agent utterances. This paper proposes to replace the utterances before the current turn with a formal representation, which is used as the context in a semantic parser mapping the current user utterance to its formal meaning. In addition, we propose TOC (Task-Oriented Context), a formal dialogue state representation. This approach eliminates the need to parse a long history of natural language utterances; however, it adds complexity to the dialogue annotations. We propose Skim, a contextual semantic parser, trained with a sample-efficient training strategy: (1) a novel abstract dialogue state machine to synthesize training sets with TOC annotations; (2) data augmentation with automatic paraphrasing, (3) few-shot training, and (4) self-training. This paper also presents MultiWOZ 2.4, which consists of the full test set and a partial validation set of MultiWOZ 2.1, reannotated with the TOC representation. Skim achieves 78% turn-by-turn exact match accuracy and 85% slot accuracy, while our annotation effort amounts to only 2% of the training data used in MultiWOZ 2.1. The MultiWOZ 2.4 dataset will be released upon publication.
Systemic Determinants in Surgery: Nonclinical Factors Affecting Time to Operation for Incarcerated Ventral Hernias.

IntroductionWe explore nonclinical factors affecting the amount of time from admission to the operating room for patients requiring nonelective repair of ventral hernias.MethodsUsing the 2005-2012 ...
Nonsecreted cytoplasmic alpha-fetoprotein: a newly discovered role in intracellular signaling and regulation. An update and commentary.

The concept of a non-secreted cytoplasmic-bound form of alpha-fetoprotein is not a new notion in AFP biological activities. Cytoplasmic AFP (CyAFP) is a long known but forgotten protein in search of a function other than a histochemical biomarker. In this report, CyAFP is presented as an “old” protein with a newly described intracellular function. In 1976, CyAFP was shown to be a product of hepatoma cells utilizing 14Cleucine incorporation and demonstrated by autoradiographic procedures. The synthesis of CyAFP without secretion was demonstrated to occur in both malignant and non-malignant cells encompassing hepatomas, ascite fluid cells, immature rodent uterus, MCF-7 breast cancers, and cytosols from human breast cancer patients. Using computer protein matching and alignments in AFP versus members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, a consecutive series of leucine zipper (heptad) repeats in AFP was previously reported, suggesting the possibility for protein-to-protein interactions. The potential for heptad heterodimerization between protein-binding partners provided the rationale for proposing that CyAFP might have the capability to form molecular hetero-complexes with cytoplasmic based transcription factors. More recent investigations have now provided experimental evidence that CyAFP is capable of colocalizing and interacting with transcription-associated factors. Such proteins can modulate intracellular signaling leading to regulation of transcription factors and initiation of growth in human cancer cells. Although circulating serum AFP is known as a growth-enhancing factor during development, cytoplasmic AFP has a lethal role in the oncogenesis, growth, and metastasis of adult liver cancer.
Work Schedule Flexibility: A Contributor to Employee Happiness?

This article contributes to knowledge regarding determinants of happiness by examining the independent role played by having discretion over one’s working time, using data pooled from two years of a nationally representative US survey. Controlling for a worker’s income bracket and work hours duration, having work schedule flexibility in the form of an ability to take time off during the work day and, to a somewhat lesser extent, to vary starting and quitting times daily, are both associated with greater happiness, whereas an ability to refuse overtime work is weak at best. The associations are generally stronger among workers paid by the hour than by salary. Worker utility functions thus may be enhanced by including the timing and flexibility of working time. Policies and practices that promote more employee-centered flexible working time may not only help workers alleviate work-life time conflicts, but also promote worker well-being generally, especially among hourly-paid workers.
Fabrication of highly expanded thermoplastic polyurethane foams using microcellular injection molding and gas-laden pellets

Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is one of the most widely used and versatile thermoplastic materials. TPU foams have been extensively applied in various industries including the furniture, automotive, sportswear, and packaging industries. In this study, two methods of producing highly expanded TPU injection molded foam were investigated: (1) microcellular injection molding (MIM) with N2 as a blowing agent, and (2) a novel gas-laden pellet/MIM combined process with N2 and CO2 as co-blowing agents. Two designs of experiments (DOEs) were performed to learn the influences of key processing parameters and to optimize foam quality. By using N2 and CO2 as co-blowing agents, a bulk density as low as 0.20 g/cm3 was successfully achieved with a hysteresis compression loss of 24.4%. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2643–2652, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Planning for Satellite Airports

This study examines the potential role of satellite airports and attempts to define the factors determining the distribution of service and demand among airports serving the same metropolitan area. The analysis indicates that as a natural result of the competition for market share, airlines are impelled to concentrate their operations, to the extent permitted by the prevailing regulatory process, at an individual airport while serving a given market. These results are derived by analyzing the implications of observed patterns of traveler behavior on the strategy of an individual airline within a given airport, and then extending this argument to the general competitive game involving several airports and several airlines. The results imply that any strategy seeking to develop satellite airports will inherently be frustrated unless the competitive behavior of the airlines is deliberately altered.
Petri-net based line extractor for binary images

A line extractor network for binary images is presented utilizing the basic principles of the Petri-net architecture as the framework. A brief introduction to the Petri-net formalism describes the terminology, structure, and execution control required for general network definition. The authors discuss the line extractor network in terms of basic Petri-net notation and identify the required extensions to the formalism contained within the proposed network. Simulation results for several input line patterns provide an indication of the network performance to identify lines of various lengths, widths, and orientations contained within a binary image. Remarks include a comparison with other line detection methods and hardware requirements for networks implementation. >
Remarks on the Pole Dominance Version of the Hypothesis of Partially Conserved Axial-Vector Current

We review and discuss the dispersion-theory version of the PCAC hypothesis in the case of nucleon leptonic weak decays. The discussion is extended to the case of meson weak decays, and the feasibility of a direct test of the Goldberger-Treiman relation for the meson case is considered.
British science: a toast to teatime.

In 1831 a French aristocrat named Alexis de Tocqueville spent several months touring the United States, ostensibly to study the prison system. The young nobleman's true intent, however, was to observe the new experiment in government, with the hope of exporting some of its strengths to his native
Molecular mechanism of a COOH‐terminal gating determinant in the ROMK channel revealed by a Bartter's disease mutation

The ROMK subtypes of inward-rectifier K+ channels mediate potassium secretion and regulate NaCl reabsorption in the kidney. Loss-of-function mutations in this pH-sensitive K+ channel cause Bartter's disease, a familial salt wasting nephropathy. One disease-causing mutation truncates the extreme COOH-terminus and induces a closed gating conformation. Here we identify a region within the deleted domain that plays an important role in pH-dependent gating. The domain contains a structural element that functionally interacts with the pH sensor in the cytoplasmic NH2-terminus to set a physiological range of pH sensitivity. Removal of the domain shifts the pKa towards alkaline pH values, causing channel inactivation under physiological conditions. Suppressor mutations within the pH sensor rescued channel gating and trans addition of the cognate peptide restored pH sensitivity. A specific interdomain interaction was revealed in an in vitro protein-protein binding assay between the NH2- and COOH-terminal cytoplasmic domains expressed as bacterial fusion proteins. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Kir channel regulation and channel gating defects that are associated with Bartter's disease.
An anatomic and functional assessment of the discrete defect rectocele repair

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the anatomic and functional results of the discrete fascial defect rectocele repair. Study Design: Sixty-nine women underwent rectocele repair at Duke University Medical Center during a 3-year period beginning January 1, 1994. Repair was limited to reapproximation of discrete defects in the rectovaginal fascia, without levator plication or perineorrhaphy. Outcome measures included Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation measurements, prolapse stage, and a symptom questionnaire. Univariate and nonparametric tests were used as appropriate. Results: Before the operation 46% patients (32/69) reported constipation, 39% (27/69) reported splinting, 32% (22/69) reported tenesmus, and 13% (9/69) reported fecal incontinence. The median preoperative posterior Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation stage was 2 (1-4). Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitation stage had improved for all but 2 women at 6 weeks. Eighteen percent (8/43) had recurrent rectoceles at 12 months. Mean values for the points describing the posterior vaginal wall improved >2 cm ( P P Conclusions: The discrete defect rectocele repair provides anatomic correction of rectoceles with alleviation of associated symptoms for most women. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1451-7.)
Comparison of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kologoromov kinetics with a phase-field model for microstructural evolution driven by substructure energy

The nucleation and growth of recrystallized grains or pearlite colonies can be viewed as a structural phase transition and modeled with a set of phase-field equations. Such a micromechanical formulation is consistent with the viewpoint taken in deriving the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kologoromov (JMAK) equation and delivers essentially the same volume fraction kinetics. The differences can be explained in terms of the idealizations made in formulating the JMAK equation. The micromechanical model is based on fewer idealizations than the JMAK equation, provides detailed information about microstructure, and extends naturally to include nonisothermal conditions, anisotropy, and mechanical effects. This allows it to be used as either a stand alone micromechanical model or as a tool in developing more advanced volume fraction kinetics theories.