cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TRICHINOSIS IN BEARS OF WESTERN AND NORTHCENTRAL UNITED STATES

Black bears (Ursus americanus) from 10 states were examined for Trichinella spiralis during the 1970-1975 period. Trichinae were found in 14 (3.1%) of 454 bears examined. Infected bears were found from California, seven (13.2%) of 54; Idaho, one (2.3%) of 44; and Wisconsin, six (3.8%) of 163. Trichina counts per gram of tissue obtained by the artificial digestion-Baermann method ranged from 1390 to 0.02. Six California bears and one from Wisconsin contained more than one trichina per gram, a level considered capable of inducing clinical trichinosis in man.
Surface tension and spreading pressure of mobile and registered monolayers

Abstract Equations based on the theory of Eriksson and the Shuttleworth equation are applied to the adsorption of simple gases on plane surfaces where the adsorbed layer is in registry and when it is mobile, and to the transition between these states. The effect of lattice constant on binding energy is considered, as it is altered by density and bulk polarizability. These effects are in turn related to dimensional changes brought about by adsorption.
In Vivo Analysis of Bone Strain about the Sagittal Suture in Macaca mulatta during Masticatory Movements

In vivo strain gauge analysis demonstrated that tensile bone strain is transmitted along the cranial vault to the parasagittal region during isotonic temporalis contraction. This strain is sufficient to cause measurable separation of the sagittal suture, and thus could influence growth at the sutural margins.
Cerebrospinal fluid total protein in patients with affective disorders

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total protein was evaluated in 240 patients with affective disorders and compared with findings in 55 normal comparison subjects. Subtype diagnoses were as follows: bipolar I (n = 108, 47 men, 61 women); bipolar type II (n = 67, 26 men, 41 women); and unipolar (n = 65, 22 men, 43 women). Men had significantly elevated values compared with women. In men with bipolar I disorder, mean CSF protein levels were found to be significantly elevated over those in normal subjects, with 31.9% above the traditional normal range cutoff of 45 mg/dl. Moreover, CSF protein levels in male bipolar I patients were found to be positively correlated with severity of depression at the time of the lumbar puncture and with duration of illness. It thus appears that increased protein levels may be associated with illness severity or progression in male patients with bipolar I disorder. Although elevated CSF protein is a nonspecific marker of cerebral pathology, further search for the potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms related to this finding would now appear to be warranted.
Enhancing the Function of Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Can We Navigate the Road Less Traveled?

This is a very exciting and dynamic period for clinical microbiology: not only are we seeing changes in the way we practice, but we also have a very sophisticated array of tools that are increasingly at our disposal. These tools, and the changes they impart, can substantially improve the quality and
Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neonatal and Adult Cardiomyocytes

Mitochondrial function is central to heart physiology and pathology. The function of mitochondria is dynamically regulated by their fusion and fission in many cell types. However, the study of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiomyocytes (CM) has been difficult. Using photoactivatable (PA) fluorescent proteins we characterized the mitochondrial dynamics in normal neonatal and adult rat CM. CM were transduced by mitochondrial matrix targeted DsRed and PA-GFP encoding adenoviruses and evaluated by confocal miscroscopy 36-48 h post infection. With this approach, we studied an early developmental stage (neonatal) and fully differentiated (adult) CM. We also studied the same cells upon prolonged exposure to ethanol that is known to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy.We show that mitochondria form a highly connected network in neonatal CM, and mostly discrete structures with some connectivity mostly in longitudinal orientation in adult CM. Neonatal CM displayed considerable fusion activity (0.25 events/25 square micrometers/min). Eighty two % of the events resulted in complete merge of the organelles, whereas 18% appeared as fusion followed by separation. By contrast, the fusion events were scarce in the adult CM. Mitochondrial movements were also more frequent and elapsed longer distances in neonatal than in adult CM.Neonatal CM exposed to 50 mM ethanol for 48h showed 40% decrease in the network continuity and 75% decrease in the fusion event rate. In adult CM isolated from ethanol-fed (6 months) rats, mitochondrial continuity decreased to 50% of the control.Thus, mitochondria are highly dynamic in neonatal CM. Some stable intermitochondrial connections allow content exchange in the adult CM but less fusion activity is present, probably due to the spatial restriction presented by the myofilaments. Chronic ethanol exposure suppresses mitochondrial dynamics in CM, which effect might provide a possible mechanism for the impaired contractility.
Ethylene evolution during germination of different sex phenotypes of cucumber

Abstract Ethylene production by germinating seeds of cucumber during the first 4 days after imbibition was determined for different sex phenotypes. Ethylene emanation from germinating seeds of gynoecious plants was much higher than from those of the more male phenotypes of androecious, monoecious and hermaphrodite. Ethylene addition and removal (by hypobaric ventilation) during germination caused no apparent changes in subsequent sex expression of the plants. Ethylene production by single F 2 seeds was not closely associated with subsequent sex expression of the plants derived from a cross between gynoecious and androecious cucumbers. These studies suggested that ethylene production during germination was not always closely related to subsequent sex expression.
Mobile technology in radiology resident education.

Purpose The authors hypothesized that ownership of a mobile electronic device would result in more time spent learning radiology. Current trends in radiology residents' studying habits, their use of electronic and printed radiology learning resources, and how much of the funds allotted to them are being used toward printed vs electronic education tools were assessed in this study. Methods A survey study was conducted among radiology residents across the United States from June 13 to July 5, 2011. Program directors listed in the Association of Program Directors in Radiology e-mail list server received an e-mail asking for residents to participate in an online survey. The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions and assessed the type of institution, the levels of training of the respondents, and book funds allocated to residents. It also assessed the residents' study habits, access to portable devices, and use of printed and electronic radiology resources. Results Radiology residents are adopters of new technologies, with 74% owning smart phones and 37% owning tablet devices. Respondents spend nearly an equal amount of time learning radiology from printed textbooks as they do from electronic resources. Eighty-one percent of respondents believe that they would spend more time learning radiology if provided with tablet devices. Conclusions There is considerable use of online and electronic resources and mobile devices among the current generation of radiology residents. Benefits, such as more study time, may be obtained by radiology programs that incorporate tablet devices into the education of their residents.
A phase II study of Hsp-7 (SGN-00101) in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Abstract Objective. Approximately 2 million women worldwide are infected with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV), resulting in a substantial risk for the development of invasive lower genital malignancies. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of vaccination with a protein encoding a bacterial heat shock protein fused to sequences from the oncogenic E7 protein of HPV-16 in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Endpoints included lesion regression, immune response, and viral clearance. Methods. Twenty-one women were prospectively entered into an IRB-approved Phase II study. All women had biopsy-proven high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and persistent post-biopsy lesions visible by colposcopy. Four injections of HPV-16 Hsp E7 fusion protein at a dose of 500 μg were given 3 weeks apart after which Loop Electrosurgical Excision of the Transformation Zone (LLETZ) was performed. Immune parameters were evaluated pre-vaccine and at the time of LLETZ, and HPV testing was performed at intervals before and after LLETZ. Study subjects were followed for 1 year after LLETZ. Results. Seven of 20 women (35%) evaluable for response had complete regression of their intraepithelial neoplasia at the time of LLETZ, 1 (5%) had regression to CIN I, 11 (55%) had stable disease and 1 (5%) had progression due to enlargement of her lesion. Immune responses were seen in 9 of the 17 women tested; 5 of the 7 complete responders had an immune response. Only 5 of 21 women had HPV-16 or -18. HPV clearance was not associated with lesion regression. Conclusion. Hsp-7 (SGN-00101), at this dose and schedule induced lesion regression in women with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. The fact that regression was correlated with immune response suggests that enhancing the immunogenicity of this vaccine may lead to improvement in the rate of lesion eradication.
SZZ revisited: verifying when changes induce fixes

Automatically identifying commits that induce fixes is an important task, as it enables researchers to quickly and efficiently validate many types of software engineering analyses, such as software metrics or models for predicting faulty components. Previous work on SZZ, an algorithm designed by Sliwerski et al and improved upon by Kim et al, provides a process for automatically identifying the fix-inducing predecessor lines to lines that are changed in a bug-fixing commit. However, as of yet no one has verified that the fix-inducing lines identified by SZZ are in fact responsible for introducing the fixed bug. Also, the SZZ algorithm relies on annotation graphs, which are imprecise in the face of large blocks of modified code, for back-tracking through previous revisions to the fix-inducing change.In this work we outline several improvements to the SZZ algorithm: First, we replace annotation graphs with line-number maps that track unique source lines as they change over the lifetime of the software; and second, we use DiffJ, a Java syntax-aware diff tool, to ignore comments and formatting changes in the source. Finally, we begin verifying how often a fix-inducing change identified by SZZ is the true source of a bug.
Diaphragm pacing in patients with spinal cord injury

In selected individuals with ventilator-dependent tetraplegia, phrenic nerve pacing can offer long-term freedom from mechanical ventilation. Developments in receiver and electrode technology have resulted in improved outcomes and greater durability of the implanted materials. There are presently three commercial manufacturers of phrenic nerve pacing devices. These systems differ primarily in electrode design and method of stimulus current application. The technical features of each of these devices are described. The evaluation and selection of potential candidates for this technique, the surgical procedures necessary for implantation, and the expected outcomes are also reviewed. In carefully screened individuals, phrenic nerve pacing may provide several clinical benefits including increased mobility, improved speech, reduced anxiety and embarassment associated with ventilator tubing and noise, reduced nursing requirements, and reduced overall costs.
Theory of Raman scattering in superconductors

The electronic Raman scattering by pairs of quasiparticles is calculated at zero temperature, generalizing previous calculations that were based on the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer model of a superconductor. Analytical and numerical results are presented for the spectrum as a function of wave vector q, and an integration is performed over q/sub z/ to include the effect of a finite optical penetration depth. Allowing for gap anisotropy, we correct the results for vertex and Coulomb polarization effects. The theoretical results for finite q are used to calculate spectra for Nb/sub 3/Sn, V/sub 3/Si, and Nb, neglecting gap anisotropy. Experimental data are presented for V/sub 3/Si and Nb. The data for V/sub 3/Si are fit to a zero-q theory that includes gap anisotropy, with results similar to those presented earlier for Nb/sub 3/Sn. The role of possible excitons on the Raman spectra is examined. These theoretical results are then used to discuss the self-energy of a Raman-active optical phonon in a superconductor.
ASYTOP - A program for detailed analysis of gas phase magnetic resonance spectra of asymmetric top molecules

Presentation du programme pour le calcul de la matrice de l'operateur hamiltonien effectif de la molecule sous forme diagonale, des frequences et intensites des transitions de resonance magnetique dipolaires electriques en fonction du champ magnetique applique
New Developments in the Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Overlap Syndrome

The “overlap syndrome” is the concurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This condition is not particularly well defined, and there is a paucity of data about the effects of any specific treatment on its outcomes. Until now, optimum treatment of the overlap syndrome could probably be best described as optimum treatment of each of its components, and there was no specific reason to think that treating one part of the syndrome would ameliorate the other part. However, recent observational data have demonstrated improved survival and reduced exacerbations in patients with the overlap syndrome who are treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Physicians caring for patients with COPD should screen for OSA and have a low threshold for initiating CPAP treatment in those COPD patients who are found to have OSA.
Effect of Diets Supplemented with Soybean, Flaxseed, or Menhaden Fish Oil on the Growth, Feed Utilization, Immune Status, and Sensory Properties of Channel Catfish in a Recirculating System at 22°C

Channel catfish feed intake and growth decline with temperature, but different dietary lipids might sustain performance during cool weather. Catfish at a suboptimal temperature (22°C) were fed 32% protein commercial floating pellets supplemented with 2% soybean oil (SBO), menhaden oil (MFO), or flaxseed oil (FLX). After 12 weeks, fish were counted and weighed, then health assays and proximate and fatty acid analysis of fillets were conducted. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival were similar among treatments, indicating limited potential of different lipids to improve growth at low temperatures. However, the favorable feed conversion ratios (FCRs; ≤1.6) indicated that feeding at 22°C was worthwhile to maintain good condition of catfish. Across diets, the unsaturated fatty acids in muscle lipids increased. The FLX and MFO both increased the n-3 HUFA in the fillet, but FLX was less effective. Unfortunately, both FLX and MFO reduced sensory properties of the fillet relative to the SBO control.
Monomeric CFTR in plasma membranes in live cells revealed by single-molecule fluorescence imaging

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. There is indirect and conflicting evidence about whether CFTR exists in cell membranes as monomers, dimers, or higher order oligomers. We measured fluorescence intensities and photobleaching dynamics of distinct fluorescent spots in cells expressing functional CFTR-green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras. Intensity analysis of GFP-labeled CFTR in live cells showed single-component distributions with mean intensity equal to that of purified monomeric GFP, indicating monomeric CFTR in cell membranes. Fluorescent spots showed single-step photobleaching, independently verifying that CFTR is monomeric. Results did not depend on whether GFP was added to the CFTR N terminus or fourth extracellular loop or on whether CFTR chloride conductance was stimulated by cAMP agonists. Control measurements with a CFTR chimera containing two GFPs showed two-step photobleaching and a single-component intensity distribution with mean intensity twice that of monomeric GFP. These results provide direct evidence for monomeric CFTR in live cells.
When What Meets Where

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Selection Indices Based on Milk and Fat Yield, Fat Per Cent, and Type Classification

Summary The necessary statistics for deriving several selection indices were obtained from the lactation and type records of 2,810 daughters and mates of 756 sires from 414 Jersey herds. The heritability of differences in single records of milk yield, fat yield, fat per cent, and type were 0.25, 0.20, 0.56, and 0.25, respectively. The intra-sire phenotypic correlations were −0.36 between milk yield and fat per cent, 0.88 between milk yield and fat yield, 0.08 between milk yield and type, 0.15 between fat per cent and fat yield, 0.05 between fat per cent and type, and 0.11 between fat yield and type. The corresponding genetic correlations were −0.50, 0.72, 0.07, 0.20, −0.01, and 0.08, respectively. The genic value for milk yield can be estimated 10% more accurately by also taking into consideration the cow's fat yield, while fat yield alone is a good criterion of selection for improving the genie value of fat yield. The expected genetic improvement of milk and fat yield was greatest when milk yield alone was the basis of selection. Selection for type along with milk and fat yield resulted in a 15% decrease in the expected genetic gain of milk and fat yield.
Condylectomy and Costochondral Graft Reconstruction for Treatment of Active Idiopathic Condylar Resorption

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes in patients with active bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption treated by condylectomy and costochondral graft (CCG) reconstruction. Patients and Methods This was a retrospective evaluation of 15 consecutive patients treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1999 to 2004 who had: 1 ) active bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption confirmed by clinical examination, plain radiographs, and technetium-99 bone scan; 2 ) adequate documentation; and 3 ) a minimum of 12 months follow-up. Patients with an identifiable cause of condylar resorption such as rheumatoid or degenerative arthritis, trauma, or steroid use, or who had less than 12 months follow-up were excluded. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, 6-month, 12-month, and latest follow-up clinical examinations, lateral cephalograms, and panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the outcomes. Inferior alveolar and marginal mandibular nerve function, jaw motion, and occlusion were evaluated by history and physical examination. All patients underwent bilateral condylectomy and CCG reconstruction. Results There were 13 female and 2 male patients with a mean age of 24 years. Mean follow-up was 34 months (range, 12 to 84). Preoperatively, all patients had Class II malocclusion: mean overjet 6.2 mm and mean anterior open bite −2.65 mm. At latest postoperative follow-up, all patients showed Class I occlusion with no anterior open bite, a stable and reproducible occlusion, and a normal range of TMJ motion with a mean maximal incisal opening of 39 mm. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that a stable and satisfactory outcome is achievable in patients with active idiopathic condylar resorption treated by condylectomy and CCG reconstruction.
Existence of optimal solutions to mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints

Mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints arise in a variety of settings in socio-economic planning and in engineering design. In this note, the conditions sensuring the existence of a solution to such a program are established. These conditions are then applied to the special case of variational inequality constraints.
Urology in pre-civil war Charleston.

Purpose: With a history spanning more than 3 centuries, Charleston, South Carolina was one of the initial locations of urological teaching in the southern United States. The Medical University of South Carolina was chartered in 1823 and is the oldest medical school in the South. We reviewed the historical archives of the Waring Library of the Medical University of South Carolina, specifically the history of urological practice in the city, including doctoral dissertations from medical school students regarding the teaching and practice of urology in pre-Civil War Charleston, to better understand the early development of the specialty.Materials and Methods: We reviewed graduate medical student dissertations from the historical archives of the Medical University of South Carolina from 1824 to 1860. In addition, we accessed and reviewed the records of the Medical Society of South Carolina, The Charleston Medical Journal and Review, and The American Urological Association Centennial History 1902 to 2002 volum...
Design and synthesis of nonpeptidic, small molecule inhibitors for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein tyrosine phosphatase PtpB

The design and synthesis of new inhibitor analogues for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) phosphatase PtpB is described. Analogues were synthesized by incorporation of two common and effective phosphate mimetics, the isothiazolidinone (IZD) and the difluoromethylphosphonic acid (DFMP). The basic scaffold of the inhibitor was identified from structure–activity relationships established for a previously published isoxazole inhibitor, while the phosphate mimetics were chosen based on their proven cell permeability and activity when incorporated into previously reported inhibitors for the phosphatase PTP1B. The inhibitory activity of each compound was evaluated, and each was found to have low or submicromolar affinity for PtpB.
Justifying the enclosure of monetary incentives in mail survey cover letters

An experiment was conducted in which survey questionnaires were sent to two hundred randomly selected residents of a midwestern city. For half of the respondents, a one dollar bill ($1.00) was enclosed with the questionnaire whereas for the other half, only a quarter ($.25) was enclosed. Furthermore, the enclosure of the monetary incentive was justified in the cover letter as either an appreciative gesture or as a direct attempt to induce feelings of obligation to return the questionnaires. Subsequent response rates were assessed by condition. The overall response rate for the $1.00 condition was significantly higher than the response rate for the $.25 condition. Furthermore, the obligatory cover letter produced a significantly higher response rate than the appreciative cover letter, but only within the $1.00 conditions. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Predator-induced behavioral plasticity of juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus)

Abstract Predation and adaptations to avoid predation during early life stages have great potential to structure population dynamics and resultant community structure. Crypsis is the primary predator-avoidance mechanism for recently-settled red king crabs ( Paralithodes camtschaticus ); however, it is unknown if this behavioral adaptation is innate or gained with experience. Hatchery-cultured individuals may be at a disadvantage once released into the wild if they have no experience with predators. We conducted experiments with Pacific halibut ( Hippoglossus stenolepis ) and Pacific cod ( Gadus macrocephalus ) predators to determine if red king crab predator responses could be enhanced with experience. We exposed crabs to predators for 48 h either with limited exposure (chemical and visual cues only) or complete exposure (chemical, visual, and physical cues) and used video recordings to compare (1) crab crypsis, (2) crab survival, and (3) predator behavior (attack rates, capture success) among naive and experienced crabs. Halibut and cod exposure enhanced crab crypsis and survival, but only halibut exposure resulted in a significant effect. Crabs with limited and complete halibut exposure had higher initial crypsis, and both naive and conditioned crabs increased crypsis by the end of the experiment. Complete exposure initiated a stronger response compared to limited exposure. Physical interactions with predators are likely important to initiate enhanced avoidance responses. Halibut and cod attack rates and capture success did not vary when crabs had prior experience, but halibut were generally more successful at capturing prey than cod. Our results show that juvenile red king crabs respond to some predators by increasing their cryptic behavior and that this response may be enhanced with experience. For stock enhancement programs, exposing juveniles to predators in the hatchery prior to release may enhance predator avoidance and allow quick adaptation to the natural environment.
(E)-13-(2-Bromo­phen­yl)micheliolide

The title compound, C21H23BrO3 [systematic name: (3E,3aS,6Z,9R,9aS,9bS)-3-(2-bromo­benzyl­idene)-9-hy­droxy-6,9-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a-octa­hydro­azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one] was prepared by the reaction of 1-bromo-2-iodo­benzene with micheliolide [systematic name: (3aS,R,9aS,9bS,Z)-9-hy­droxy-6,9-dimethyl-3-methyl­ene-3,3a,4,5,7,8,9,9a-octa­hydro­azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one] under Heck reaction conditions. The title compound exhibits intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between the hy­droxy group and the lactone ring O atom, forming a ring of graph-set motif S(6). The 2-bromo­phenyl group is trans to the lactone ring, indicating that this is the E isomer (geometry of the exocyclic C=C bond). The dihedral angle between the benzene ring of the 2-bromo­phenyl moiety and the mean plane of the lactone ring is 51.68 (7)°.
Falls in Older Adults with Cancer

Over half of new cancer diagnoses occur in Medicare-aged patients. Over half of long term cancer survivors are older than 65 years. Thus, cancer and cancer treatment occur at the intersection of aging and increasing fall risk. About 30 % of elderly fall each year, but only 1 – 5 % of falls cause serious injury. Research on falls and interventions to prevent injurious falls in homes and hospitals shows that their causes are multifactorial. Patient factors such as gait and balance, disease factors such as dehydration and neurotoxic drugs, and environmental factors have been examined. In this paper, we summarize what is known about falls in elderly cancer patients and place it in the context of what is known about falls per se. We will report on interventions to improve fall safety for cancer patients and cancer survivors. We will identify rapid screening tools for proactive falls prevention in oncology practice.
A Motivation Perspective on Faculty Mentoring: The Notion of "Non-Intrusive" Mentoring Practices in Science and Engineering.

Scholars have offered numerous approaches and best practices for mentoring faculty, many of which have provided valuable insight into the complex nature of the mentoring process. Yet, little attention has been paid to how faculty mentoring practices can influence a mentee’s intrinsic motivation. Through a series of 15 interviews with faculty members from mathematics, engineering, and life science, coupled with the use of self-determination theory, the author demonstrates how disciplinary backgrounds influence their needs for autonomy, competency, and connectedness, which effects their intrinsic motivation to engage in scholarly work. The author highlights three themes that speak to the notion of “non-intrusive” mentoring practices that can help foster and sustain motivation, and argues that future research is needed to shed more light on how disciplinary cultures influence mentoring.
Shaped nondiffracting beams

We demonstrate that nondiffracting beams can be generated with an arbitrary transverse shape. In particular, we show that the azimuthal complex modulation of the angular spectra of Helmholtz–Gauss wave fields constitutes a degree of freedom sufficient to tailor nondiffracting beams with an intensity pattern of choice.
Par-4 is a synaptic protein that regulates neurite outgrowth by altering calcium homeostasis and transcription factor AP-1 activation.

Although Par-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4) is involved in initiation of neurodegenerative cascades associated with certain neurodegenerative disorders, normal physiological roles of Par-4 in neurons have remained elusive. It was recently reported that Par-4 protein levels could be regulated at translational level in synaptic terminals following apoptotic insults, suggesting that Par-4 might play a role in synaptic function. We report that Par-4 is a synaptic protein preferably localized in postsynaptic density (PSD). The expression of Par-4 in synaptosome preparations and PSDs are developmentally and regionally regulated. Synaptic Par-4 is enriched in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, but not in the cerebellum. In vitro as well as in vivo experiments demonstrate that the levels of synaptic Par-4 increase as the neurons mature. Overexpression of Par-4 in transfected PC12 cells inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced cellular differentiation and neurite outgrowth by a mechanism involving aberrant elevation of intracellular calcium levels and suppression of activation of the transcription factor AP-1. The actions of Par-4 were consistently blocked by co-expression of the dominant negative regulator of Par-4 activity (the leucine zipper domain of Par-4). Since the leucine zipper domain of Par-4 (Leu.zip) may mediate protein--protein interactions, the results indicate that the actions of Par-4 require its interaction with other protein(s) or dimerization with itself. These results suggest that Par-4 may play an important role in postsynaptic signal transduction and regulation of cellular pathways associated with cellular differentiation and neurite outgrowth. Identification of Par-4 as a novel synaptic protein may have significant implications in understanding the mechanisms of synaptic functions in physiological and pathological settings.
Trade-Offs in Public Finance: Comparing the Well-Being of Big Spenders and Lean Spenders

Drawing on research analyzing similarities and differences among 19 rich democracies, this article compares the economic performance of big spenders and lean spenders at a similar economic level from 1950 to the late 1990s. Going beyond aggregate public spending, it shows the contrasting effects of particular types of spending and taxing and particular social policies. I highlight the extraordinary continuity of the contrasting institutions and policy directions of these countries. I find that there is not one road to good economic performance, but several. I specify five types of political economy, each with its own costs and gains in people's well-being, both economic and noneconomic. A final summary compares extremes: the confrontational "low road" pursued by the USA and the "high road" pursued by the strongest consensual democracies of Continental Europe, where social partners have negotiated real reforms in expensive social policies while preserving social cohesion.
Measurement of resistive transition to superconductivity in thin aluminum films

Abstract Excess conductivity δσ due to superconducting fluctuations has been measured in thin aluminum films above the superconducting transition temperature T c . Although the theoretical temperature dependence (T−T c ) −1 of δσ is obeyed вy our data, the transition widths are observed to be larger than the Aslamazon-Larkin theory predictions. The ratio between measured and theoretical widths becomes smaller with the increase in resistance per square of the films.
Toxicity of mercury from dental environment and from amalgam restorations.

(1992). Toxicity of Mercury from Dental Environment and from Amalgam Restorations. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 49-61.
LSAT® Scores of Economics Majors: The 2012–13 Class Update

Using 1994–95 and 2002–3 data, the author (1998, 2006) has found that economics majors scored well on the LSAT®. These results are frequently posted on university Web sites by economics (and other) departments. The author, who updates the previous studies by using current 2007–8 law school applicants for the 2008–9 class of students entering law school, finds that economics majors still perform at or near the top of all majors applying for law school. Economics majors (LSAT® score of 157.4; LSAC 2009) are tied for first (with philosophy) of the 12 largest disciplines (those with more than 1,900 students entering law school). Economics is tied for second (with philosophy/religion [157.4]) behind physics/math (160.0) in a set of 29 discipline groupings that the author created to yield groups of at least 450 students with similar majors.
Defective thyroliberin-induced prolactin synthesis and release in a hybrid GH strain

The hybrid GH cell strain, 928-9b, isolated from PRL+ (prolactin [PRL] producing) GH4Cl and PRL (PRL non-producing) FIBGH12CI cells, has specific TRH (thyroliberin) receptors, yet does not respond to this peptide hormone. Unlike the parent strain, GH4Cl, TRH does not stimulate synthesis or release of PRL in the hybrid strain. In contrast, treatment of 928-9b cells with another peptide, EGF (epidermal growth factor), stimulates both release and synthesis of PRL. The number of EGF receptors in the hybrid strain (2.5 × 103/cell) and the affinity of these receptors for ligand (2.2 nM) are comparable to that of the parent strain, GH4C1. The EGF dose response curve is also essentially the same for parent and hybrid cells for the enhancement of PRL production. A 3-8-fold enhancement of PRL production is observed and 1/2 maximal enhancement occurs at approximately 5 × 1011 M EGF for both strains. TRH does not have any potentiating effect on EGF-induced stimulation of PRL release or PRL synthesis in the hybrid strain. Although EGF and TRH have similar biological effects in responsive GH cells, binding of one hormone to its receptors does not modulate the binding of the heterologous hormone. These findings demonstrate that more than one effect of TRH is defective in 928-9b cells even though EGF responses are intact. This suggests that 1) TRH-stimulated PRL release and TRH-stimulated PRL production have a common intermediate step, and 2) TRH and EGF have a different mechanism of action in GH cells.
Measurements of (12)CH4 nu4 band halfwidths using a tunable diode laser system and a Fourier transform spectrometer.

Air-broadened and N2-broadened halfwidths at room temperature for twenty-five transitions in the nu-4 fundamental band of (C-12)H4 have been determined from IR absorption spectra recorded with a tunable diode laser spectrometer. Two tunable diode lasers operating in the 1250-1380-kayser region were used to obtain these data. Air-broadened halfwidths for twenty of these lines were also determined from additional spectra recorded at 0.01-kayser resolution with the Fourier transform spectrometer in the McMath solar telescope complex on Kitt Peak. The air-broadened halfwidths obtained from these two techniques are very consistent with agreement better than 3 percent in most cases.
Predictors of pressure ulcer development in patients with vascular disease.

Background Although pressure ulcer (PU) risk factors are well known in the general population, little research is available in hospitalized surgical patients admitted with vascular diseases. Methods Using a retrospective medical records review, characteristics of hospitalized surgical patients with vascular diseases were assessed. Variables were based on literature review of PUs and availability of medical records and administrative data. Trained registered nurses collected data. Analyses included descriptive and comparative statistics, and multivariable modeling was used to determine predictors of PU. Results In 849 adult admissions, 18.9% had a PU; 11.8% were hospital-acquired PU (HAPU). Patients were more likely to be elderly, male (n = 575; 67.7%), and Caucasian (n = 704; 83.3%). Common diagnoses were aneurysms/embolisms (43.2%) and atherosclerosis (31.2%). Patients with HAPU were more likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing or other facility compared with home ( P Conclusion The rate of HAPU in hospitalized surgical patients with vascular diseases was greater than expected. Assessment of important HAPU factors and implementation of interventions are needed to decrease risk and improve clinical outcomes.
Differentiating Self-Neglect as a Type of Elder Mistreatment: How Do These Cases Compare to Traditional Types of Elder Mistreatment?

Official estimates suggest that self-neglect is the most common type of elder mistreatment. Interestingly, very few researchers have empirically assessed self-neglect as a type of elder mistreatment. In the current study, attention is given to how self-neglect cases handled by adult protective services agencies compare to other types of elder mistreatment. Comparisons are made between the needs of self-neglect clients and other protective services clients as well as the role of stress in the different types of abuse. Findings suggest that self-neglect clients are less likely to need help with certain functional activities. In addition, those who are married and those who have completed fewer years of education are less likely to be labeled as experiencing self-neglect. City differences in rates of self-neglect were also found. Not surprisingly, self-neglect clients were more likely than other protective services clients to refuse services. Implications are provided.
Reducing heegaard splittings

Abstract If a Heegaard splitting of a nonsufficiently large 3-manifold has the property that there exist essential disks, one in each of the two Heegaard handlebodies, whose boundaries are disjoint, then the splitting is reducible.
WHEN THE BUBBLE BURSTS: NARCISSISTIC VULNERABILITY IN MID-LIFE

Mid-life poses many stresses that are taxing even for those with relatively cohesive selves and good compensatory structures as well as those who show more severe pathology. This article will discuss mid-life issues, a self psychological perspective on mid-life, and will describe three individuals whose presenting problems were triggered by mid-life events that stimulated their underlying narcissistic vulnerability. The article will discuss and illustrate special emphases in the treatment of such patients drawing on self psychological theory generally.
Projective techniques in crisis.

The projective methods which but a few years ago were greeted with hopeful acceptance, today are so embroiled in controversy that it may be said that they are in crisis. Clinical psychologists and certainly the users of projective methods, have concentrated on intrapsychic dynamics to the exclusion of social and cultural variables. Some psychologists feel that environmental and cultural factors have a differential effect on the responses themselves. The position people take on the relative contribution of personality and environment to the projective responses of individuals with divers social and cultural backgrounds, definitely influences our interpretations and our research with projective data. Most users of projective techniques insist that understanding is basic to all our other goals. As a corollary the projective methods which are often involved in the clinical studies, are termed invalid as tools of prediction. The stimulus attributes of projective material have received much experimental attention.
Photoreactions of biacetyl and tetramethylethylene. Solvent and temperature effects

Abstract The photoreaction of biacetyl and tetramethylethylene yields four products (1–4). A substantial variation in product yield and quenching kinetics with temperature and isotopic substitution is found for this photoreaction.
Physiology of Hemostasis: With Relevance to Current and Future Laboratory Testing

This article briefly details the physiologic and interdependent mechanisms of vascular hemostasis, with an eye toward how the laboratory can assist in diagnosing and maintaining the balance of procoagulant and anticoagulant functions. These functions include determining characteristics of the blood vessel wall, platelet components and receptor-ligand interactions critical for hemostasis, the regulation of thrombin generation and its effects, and the complex fibrinolytic pathways that complete the coagulation cascade.
Parametric variability in cross-country growth regressions: An application of quantile-regression methodology

Abstract Quantile-regression estimates of Solow-type growth models indicate β-convergence rate in the bottom quartile to be much smaller than that for the top quartile. Some other coefficients also show sizable differences. The methodology appears useful for studying the important aspect of parametric differences across high-growth and low-growth countries.
Initial-value stability analysis of a liquid jet

The hydrodynamic stability of a liquid jet has traditionally been studied using a normal-mode type of analysis. This leads to criteria for stability and instability, and in the latter case to a prediction of droplet size, an important quantity in many important applications utilizing this capillary-driven breakdown of a liquid jet. In this paper the stability of such a jet is reconsidered and analyzed as an initial-value problem. The results are compared with those from the normal-mode approach.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis relapses are reduced in heterozygous golli MBP knockout mice

Abstract Increased golli MBP (golli) expression has been observed in the peripheral immune system of mice in the relapsing phase of EAE, raising the possibility that golli MBP expression in the periphery may contribute to relapses. Here we describe the generation of golli MBP-deficient mice and a comparison of the clinical course of EAE between heterozygous (golli+/−) and wild-type (golli+/+) mice. There was no difference between the two groups in incidence of disease, severity of the first episode of disease, or remission after the first episode. However, there was a significant reduction in relapses in golli+/− mice vs. controls, suggesting a role for golli proteins in the relapses in EAE.
Complement levels and activity in the normal and LPS-injured lung

Complement, a complex protein system, plays an essential role in host defense through bacterial lysis, stimulation of phagocytosis, recruitment of immune cells to infected tissue, and promotion of the inflammatory response. Although complement is most well-characterized in serum, complement activity is also present in the lung. Here we further characterize the complement system in the normal and inflamed lung. By Western blot, C5, C6, and factor I were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) at lower levels than in serum, whereas C2 was detected at similar levels in BAL and serum. C4 binding protein (C4BP) was not detectable in BAL. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elevated levels of C1q, factor B, C2, C4, C5, C6, and C3 in human BAL and C3, C5, and factor B in mouse and rat BAL. Message for C1q-B, C1r, C1s, C2, C4, C3, C5, C6, factor B, and factor H, but not C9 or C4BP, was readily detectable by RT-PCR in normal mouse lung. Exposure to LPS enhanced factor B expression, decreased C5 expression, and did not affect C1q-B expression in mouse and rat lung. BAL from rats exposed to LPS had a greater ability to deposit C3b onto bacteria through complement activation than did BAL from control rats. In summary, these data demonstrate that complement levels, expression, and function are altered in acute lung injury and suggest that complement within the lung is regulated to promote opsonization of pathogens and limit potentially harmful inflammation.
An ATM-based intelligent optical backplane using CMOS-SEED smart pixel arrays and free-space optical interconnect modules

The architecture, smart pixel array chip design, and optical design of an intelligent free-space digital optical backplane for ATM switching are presented. The smart pixel chip uses reflective SEED (self-electrooptic effect device) optical modulators and detectors flip-chip bonded to CMOS circuitry. This chip is one of the most complex designs ever reported in this technology, and it operates at a simulated backplane clock rate of 125 MHz. The low-loss optical system employs f/4 diffractive minilenses and microlenses to interconnect clusters of smart pixels, and it is shown to allow 2060 connections per chip if 1-cm2-sized smart pixel chips are used. This gives a predicted bisection bandwidth of around 1 Tb/s across a 10-in circuit board edge for a full-sized system.