cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective venous catheterization for the localization of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is characterized by renal phosphate wasting, hypophosphatemia, and aberrant vitamin D3 metabolism and is caused by fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23)–producing mesenchymal tumors, which are often difficult to locate. We investigated the utility of selective venous sampling in tumor localization. The primary endpoint was identification of the FGF-23 concentration ratio between the venous drainage of the tumor bed and the general circulation that was diagnostic of the location of an FGF-23-secreting tumor. Fourteen subjects underwent 15 sampling procedures after functional and anatomic imaging studies. Subjects fit into three imaging categories: no suspicious site, multiple sites, and single site (positive controls). FGF-23 levels were measured by ELISA. Suspicious tumors were resected for diagnosis, confirmation, and cure. In subjects with a positive venous sampling study and subsequent cure, a minimum ratio of 1.6 was diagnostic. In 7 of 14 subjects there was suggestive imaging, a diagnostic ratio, and an associated TIO tumor (true positive). Four of these required complicated resection procedures. In 4 of 14 subjects with no suspicious site on imaging studies, an FGF-23 diagnostic ratio was not detected (true negative). Biopsy or resection of a single lesion in 2 of 14 subjects with a diagnostic ratio failed to identify a TIO tumor (false positive). A diagnostic FGF-23 ratio was absent in 1 of 14 subjects whose tumor was a single highly suspicious lesion on imaging studies (false negative). These data yield a sensitivity of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47–0.99] and a specificity of 0.71 (95% CI 0.29–0.96). Selective venous sampling for FGF-23 was particularly useful in subjects with multiple suspicious sites or an anatomically challenging planned resection but not in the absence of a suspicious lesion on imaging studies. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Return to the fundamentals: Implementing best practice reduces cardiac bypass surgical site infection rates

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and prolonged hospital stay. Risk for SSIs is associated with breaks from best practice recommendations promulgated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and endorsed by many other surgery-associated organizations. In 2002, routine SSI rates for coronary artery bypass grafts (CABGs) were over the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NNIS) 90th percentile. Rates for donor graft sites (leg) and the sternums were both too high. Cultures obtained from the former site grew largely gram-negative rods or were polymicrobial, and those from the latter site grew gram-positive organisms. METHODS: This 1000-bed tertiary-care hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, does approximately 600 CABGs each year. Best practices, including education of nurses, physician assistants, and surgeons, were implemented over a 2-year period to increase awareness of the data supporting these practices and compliance. Interventions included use of 2% chlorhexidine showers for patients the evening prior to and morning of CABG to reduce their bacterial burden. The pre-surgical skin prep in the operating room was changed to an alcohol/betadine combination for prepping. A water-free surgical hand scrub, as well as additional cleaning of the patient's groin area prior to individual leg skin prep, were instituted as well. Prophylactic antimicrobial choice and the timing were optimized and the use of flash sterilization decreased. RESULTS: The SSI rates for CABG procedures went from a high of 12.16 infections/100 cases in the first quarter of 2003 to a low of 5.15 infections/100 cases in the third quarter of 2004. This represents a 58% decrease in SSI for CABG in a period of approximately 18 months and translates into a minimum cost savings of $153,799. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to prevent SSIs take a long time and a great deal of work and must be endorsed by many people. Implementation of the best practices within the cardiac surgery department resulted in a significant decrease in SSI (p = 0.02) and cost savings of $153,799. Continual reinforcement of best practices is needed to maintain a safe patient environment.
Conservation of intron position indicates separation of major and variant H2As is an early event in the evolution of eukaryotes

Genomic clones of Drosophila and Tetrahymena histone H2A variants were isolated using the corresponding cDNA clones (van Daal et al. 1988; White et al. 1988). The site corresponding to the initiation of transcription was defined by primer extension for both Drosophila and Tetrahymena genomic sequences. The sequences of the genomic clones revealed the presence of introns in each of the genes. The Drosophila gene has three introns: one immediately following the initiation codon, one between amino acids 26 and 27 (gln and phe), and one between amino acids 64 and 65 (glu and val). The Tetrahymena gene has two introns, the positions of which are identical to the first two introns of the Drosophila gene. The chicken H2A.F variant gene has been recently sequenced and it contains four introns (Dalton et al. 1989). The first three of these are in the same positions as the introns in the Drosophila gene. The fourth intron interrupts amino acid 108 (gly). In all cases the sizes and the sequences of the introns are divergent. However, the fact that they are in conserved positions suggests that at least two of the introns were present in the ancestral gene. A phylogenetic tree constructed from the sequences of the variant and major cell cycle-regulated histone H2A proteins from several species indicates that the H2A variant proteins are evolutionarily separate and distinct from the major cell cycle-regulated histone H2A proteins. The ancestral H2A gene must have duplicated and diverged before fungi and ciliates diverged from the rest of the eukaryote lineage. In addition, it appears that the variant histone H2A proteins analyzed here are more conserved than the major histone H2A proteins.
Distribution of Water Vapor in the Stratosphere as Determined from Balloon Measurements of Atmospheric Emission Spectra in the 24-29-microm Region.

The stratospheric water vapor mixing ratio altitude profile has been derived from spectral observations of the downward night emission from the pure rotation water vapor lines in the 24–29-μm region of the spectrum. The data were obtained during two balloon flights, made on 22 February 1971 and on 29 June 1971, using a balloon-borne spectral radiometer with ~2 cm−1 resolution. The observed radiances have been fitted to line-by-line, layer-by-layer radiance calculations, from which the water vapor mixing ratio between 10 km and 30 km has been derived. The resulting mixing ratio altitude profiles from both flights show a broad minimum around 15 km and a broad maximum around 25 km with a range of values of 6 × 10−7g/g to 4 × 10−6 g/g.
Economic aspects of food, protein and energy consumption in a region of Southern Tunisia †

As part of a study on the effects of lysine fortification of wheat in Southern Tunisia, the food consumption of the villages in the study area was determined. After a qualitative survey (by questionnaire), four quantitative surveys were made on random samples of about 200–300 families stratified by source and amount of income. Wheat products supplied 85 percent of the dietary piotein. Dietary energy was also supplied mainly by wheat products (66 percent), with oil, sugar, legumes and fresh vegetables supplying 28 percent. The cheapest source of dietary energy was oil, costing 1.10 per MJ, with sugar slightly more expensive at 1.30 per MJ. Wheat products cost 1.50 per MJ, but were the least expensive source of dietary protein. Energy consumption increased with improved socioeconomic status, but 66 percent of the population consumed less energy than recommended by the Food and Agriculture, and World Health Organizations, and 51 percent consumed less protein than recommended. In order to determine if wheat f...
Corporate international trade: teaching international trade in business schools

This article explores the apparent paradox between the importance of the practice of international trade and the relative weakness of the subject as part of the curriculum in business schools. A possible resolution for the inconsistency is reorientation of the focus of trade theory. By concentrating on the process toward an equilibrium, rather than on the equilibrium itself and on the ensuing profit opportunities for corporations, a more business-oriented trade theory can be developed. Such a development will allow us to introduce the pure theory of trade into the business school's curriculum in a relevant and useful way, and thus provide an additional theoretical grounding for the teaching of international business.
Demonstration of growth hormone (GH) receptor-associated tyrosine kinase activity in multiple GH-responsive cell types.

Highly purified GH-receptor preparations from 3T3-F442A fibroblasts, whose differentiation into adipocytes is promoted by GH, have been shown to contain a tyrosine kinase capable of phosphorylating GH receptors. In the current work, characteristics of the tyrosine kinase responsible for the in vitro phosphorylation of GH receptors from cultured 3T3-F442A fibroblasts were examined, and the presence of this GH receptorassociated tyrosine kinase activity was demonstrated in multiple cell types. GH-receptor complexes from GH-treated cells were partially purified by immunoprecipitation using anti-GH antibodies and then incubated as an immune complex with [732P] ATP. Incorporation of 32P into the GH receptor from 3T3- F442A fibroblasts was apparent within 1 min at 30 C after the addition of [γ32P]ATP (5–;10 μM). A divalent cation was requisite for the phosphorylation; Mn2+ was significantly more effective than Mg2+ and Co2+; Ba2+, Ca>2+, or Zn2+ had no effect. Excess unlabeled ATP, but not cytosine triphosphate...
Joint lot-sizing and scheduling for multi-stage multi-product flow shops

Here we consider a multi-product flow shop under capacity constraints and develop an efficient heuristic procedure to determine joint lot sizes, production sequence and production schedule. We treat setup costs as fixed in the short run and thus independent of the number of setups. Loss of production capacity due to setup times is explicitly accounted for and the transfer of portions of a production lot between stages is permitted. The procedure is based on identifying the bottleneck workcentre and synchronizing production schedules at all other workcentres with the bottleneck workcentre such that product throughput requirements are met with minimal inventory costs. A compact procedure for constructing the Gantt charts is also presented. Conversion of the lot si2es and transfer batches into an information control system with kanbans is also presented.
Linear Control Theory for Gene Network Modeling

Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field that aims at understanding complex interactions in cells. Here we demonstrate that linear control theory can provide valuable insight and practical tools for the characterization of complex biological networks. We provide the foundation for such analyses through the study of several case studies including cascade and parallel forms, feedback and feedforward loops. We reproduce experimental results and provide rational analysis of the observed behavior. We demonstrate that methods such as the transfer function (frequency domain) and linear state-space (time domain) can be used to predict reliably the properties and transient behavior of complex network topologies and point to specific design strategies for synthetic networks.
Visceral afferent pathways to the thalamus and olfactory tubercle: behavioral implications

The goal of this study was to support the hypothesis that visceral signals may integrate and influence behavior by way of direct pathways from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) to the olfactory tubercle and the midline/intralaminar thalamus. An anterograde tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was iontophoresed bilaterally into the caudal NTS to optimize terminal labeling. NTS-cortical projections traversed both limbs of the diagonal bands providing heavy innervation, and terminated lightly within layer 3 of the olfactory tubercle. NTS-thalamic projections terminated within anterior and, as previously shown, posterior divisions of nucleus paraventricularis thalami and avoided the adjoining mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. Heretofore unrecognized projections were traced to the parafascicular and reuniens thalamic nuclei, and the peripeduncular nucleus. Control experiments identified the nucleus gracilis as the principal source of ascending projections to ventroposterior lateral, posterior and intralaminar thalamic nuclei. Our data corroborate the supposition that olfactory signals may integrate with visceral stimuli in the striatal compartment of olfactory tubercle. NTS projections encompass thalamic nuclei that project topographically to the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and ventral (limbic) striatum, regions activated by visceral stimulation. Structural data support the idea that compartments of the non-discriminative thalamus may contribute to perception and behavioral responses to visceral stimulation.
Ion beam irradiation of lanthanum and thorium-doped yttrium titanates

Abstract Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 pyrochlores doped with La have been sintered at 1373 K for 12 h with the designed compositions of the (La x Y 1− x ) 2 Ti 2 O 7 system ( x = 0, 0.08, 0.5, and 1), and the phase compositions were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Limited amounts of La were incorporated into yttrium titanate pyrochlore structure for La-doped samples; while, the end member composition of La 2 Ti 2 O 7 formed a layered perovskite structure. Ion beam-induced amorphization occurred for all compositions in the (La x Y 1− x ) 2 Ti 2 O 7 binary under 1 MeV Kr 2+ irradiation at room temperature, and the critical amorphization dose decreased with increasing amounts of La 3+ . The critical amorphization temperatures for Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 , (La 0.162 Y 0.838 ) 2 Ti 2 O 7 and La 2 Ti 2 O 7 were determined to be ∼780, 890 and 920 K, respectively. Th 4+ and Fe 3+ -doped yttrium titanate pyrochlores were synthesized at 1373 K by sintering Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 with (ThO 2 + Fe 2 O 3 ). Pyrochlore structures and the chemical compositions were primarily identified by the X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. The lattice parameter and the critical amorphization dose (1 MeV Kr 2+ at room temperature) increase for yttrium titanate pyrochlores with the addition of Th. The increasing ‘resistance’ to amorphization with less La and greater Th and Fe contents for (Y 1− x La x ) 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Y 2 Ti 2 O 7 –Fe 2 O 3 –ThO 2 systems, respectively, are consistent with the changes in the average ionic radius ratio at the A-sites and B-sites. These results suggest that the addition of lanthanides and actinides (e.g., Th, U, or Pu) will affect the structural stability, as well as the radiation response behavior of the pyrochlore structure-type.
Normal growth and growth predictions in the upper extremity.

The study consisted of 102 children, 50 boys and 52 girls, who were randomly selected. Measurements of their extremities were obtained from orthoroentgenograms with the method described by Anderson and Green. On the basis of this information, growth prediction charts were developed for the individual bones (humerus, ulna, and radius), as well as for the entire upper extremity. These charts can be a valuable tool in the correction of growth inequality, particularly in the treatment of differential bone growth of the distal forearm.
Proposed transfer of Sea Grant Program a controversial issue in NOAA, NSF budget requests

The Bush administration's fiscal year 2003 budgets for two leading U.S. federal science agencies—the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF)—proposes the transfer of the National Sea Grant College Program from NOAA to NSF. Informed sources told Eos the transfer is worrisome, though unlikely to survive Congressional action. Nevertheless, the transfer clouds the budget picture for the NSF Geosciences Directorate and particularly, its Ocean Sciences Division. The proposal also raises questions about how much of the current Sea Grant program could effectively continue under NSR since the two agencies have different modes of operation.
Effect of tungsten crystallographic orientation on He-ion-induced surface morphology changes

Abstract In order to study the early stages of nanofuzz growth in fusion-plasma-facing tungsten, mirror-polished high-purity tungsten was exposed to 80 eV helium at 1130 °C to a fluence of 4 × 10 24 He m −2 . The previously smooth surface shows morphology changes, and grains form one of four qualitatively different morphologies: smooth, wavy, pyramidal or terraced/wide waves. Combining high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations to determine the morphology of each grain with quantitative measurement of the grain’s orientation via electron backscatter diffraction in SEM shows that the normal-direction crystallographic orientation of the underlying grain controls the growth morphology. Specifically, near-〈0 0 1〉 || normal direction (ND) grains formed pyramids, near-〈1 1 4〉 to 〈1 1 2〉 || ND grains formed wavy and stepped structures and near-〈1 0 3〉 || ND grains remained smooth. Comparisons to control specimens indicate no changes to underlying bulk crystallographic texture, and possible explanations of the structure growth, particularly loop-punching, are discussed. Future developments to control tungsten texture via thermomechanical processing, ideally obtaining a sharp near-〈1 0 3〉 || ND processing texture, may delay the formation of nanofuzz.
Importance Of Solution Chemistry In Preparing Sol–Gel PZT Thin Films Directly On Copper Surfaces

The ferroelectric material lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has traditionally been considered incompatible with base metal technology because PbO volatility makes conventional thermodynamic equilibriu...
A multiple cooperating intelligent agents project progress repost

The Multiple Cooperating Agents Project (MCAP) at East Stroudsburg University will be described. MCAP is an ongoing set of experiments in Artificial Intelligence designed around a set of up to four cooperating robots. The tool manipulating robots operate in a world of workbenches, screws, nails, screwdrivers and hammers. Natural language, English, is used as the human interface. Research is underway in natural language recognition and generation, interaction of intelligent agents, modeling, planning and activity execution. System architecture will be discussed as well as the current status of those integrated subsystems making up the kernel. Implementation data and future plans also will be presented.
Skeletal muscle leucine incorporation and testosterone uptake in exercised guinea pigs.

We examined the changes induced by daily treadmill exercise on body weights, plantaris muscle weights, plantaris protein concentrations, andl-leucine-4,5-3H incorporation into plantaris muscles of normal and castrated young male guinea pigs and of castrated animals receiving testosterone replacement therapy, and compared the testosterone-1,2-3H uptake by plantaris muscles of trained normal guinea pigs to that of untrained animals. Trained animals exhibited significantly lower body and muscle weights and greater labeled leucine incorporation into sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins but did not show significant changes in protein concentrations or labeled testosterone uptake. The level of physical activity of the young animals studied appeared to be more important than gonadal endocrine function in altering protein metabolism and muscle and body weights. Because hypertrophy did not occur in the trained plantaris muscles, which had elevated rates of labeled leucine incorporation, it appears that the trained animals had a higher muscle protein turnover rate. It seems unlikely that testosterone plays an important role in these activity-related phenomena.
High-accuracy calculations of sixteen collision integrals for Lennard-Jones (12-6) gases and their interpolation to parameterize neon, argon, and krypton

The inverse problem of parameterizing intermolecular potentials given macroscopic transport and thermodynamic data is addressed. Procedures are developed to create arbitrary-precision algorithms for transport collision integrals, using the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential as an example. Interpolation formulas are produced that compute these collision integrals to four-digit accuracy over the reduced-temperature range [email protected]?T^@[email protected]?400, allowing very fast computation. Lennard-Jones parameters for neon, argon, and krypton are determined by simultaneously fitting the observed temperature dependences of their viscosities and second virial coefficients-one of the first times that a thermodynamic and a dynamic property have been used simultaneously for Lennard-Jones parameterization. In addition to matching viscosities and second virial coefficients within the bounds of experimental error, the determined Lennard-Jones parameters are also found to predict the thermal conductivity and self-diffusion coefficient accurately, supporting the value of the Lennard-Jones (12-6) potential for noble-gas transport-property correlation.
Suppression of Certain Parts in Spark Spectra by Electronic Time Switching

An electronic device is described which renders a phototube sensitive only at prescribed but arbitrary intervals of a spark cycle. Such undesirable light, as air lines and continuous background, can then be suppressed. There is evidence that for spectrochemical analysis purposes the spectrum thus recorded photoelectrically combines the stability and reproducibility of the condensed spark with the sensitivity of the dc arc.
Effects of N2O addition on the ignition of H2–O2 mixtures: Experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study

Abstract Ignition delay times of H2/O2 mixtures highly diluted with Ar and doped with various amounts of N2O (100, 400, 1600, 3200 ppm) were measured in a shock tube behind reflected shock waves over a wide range of temperatures (940–1675 K). The pressure range investigated during this work (around 1.6, 13 and 32 atm) allows studying the effect of N2O on hydrogen ignition at pressure conditions that have never been heretofore investigated. Ignition delay times were decreased when N2O was added to the mixture only for the higher nitrous oxide concentrations, and some changes in the activation energy were also observed at 1.5 and 32 atm. When it occurred, the decrease in the ignition delay time was proportional to the amount of N2O added and depended on pressure and temperature conditions. A detailed chemical kinetics model was developed using kinetic mechanisms from the literature. This model predicts well the experimental data obtained during this study and from the literature. The chemical analysis using this model showed that the decrease in the ignition delay time was mainly due to the reaction N2O + M ⇄ N2 + O + M which provides O atoms to strengthen the channel O + H2 ⇄ OH + H.
An experimental investigation of the convective instability of a jet

This paper is an experimental study of the convective instability of a jet. It is well known that a jet issuing forth from a nozzle is unstable due to surface tension forces that cause it to break downstream into drops. We apply a disturbance of a given frequency at the nozzle tip. This applied frequency determines the wavelength and the growth rate of the growing disturbances and, thereby, the drop size. We measure the wavelength and the growth rate by fitting the entire digitized image of a jet to the functional form suggested by the linear theory. Thus, it makes use of the entire profile instead of the small number of points used in previous studies. Also, in contrast to previous work, we independently measure the jet velocity and the wave speed. At high non-dimensional jet velocity, the experimental results for the growth rates and the wave numbers agree with the linear stability theory of an infinite jet in the absence of gravity. At very low velocity (low Froude number) gravity is important and the agreement is not good.
A cross-cultural perspective of parental influence on female adolescents' achievement beliefs and behaviors in sport and school domains.

Little is known about parental socialization processes for youth participants from different cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to examine parental influence on self-perceptions, task values, and achievement behaviors among female adolescents from two cultures using Eccles' expectancy-value theory (Eccles et al., 1983) . Twelve Anglo Canadian and nine East Indian female adolescents were interviewed about perceptions of parental influence on expectancy-value constructs for sport and academic domains. Inductive and deductive content analyses were performed to identify lower and higher order themes from interview responses. Similarities and differences in perceived parental influence emerged for girls of both cultural groups and in both domains. Our findings support links among expectancy-value constructs and highlight cultural variations in parental socialization of achievement cognitions and behaviors in multiple domains.
Practical poetry: Thich Nhat Hanh and the cultivation of a problem-oriented officer

This essay argues for a more formal relationship between policing and mindful practice as taught by the Zen monk Thich Nhat Hanh. The paper explores the value of Nhat Hanh’s teachings for improving the daily implementation of police services by individual officers, and the transformation of the suffering witnessed and experienced by those officers. Practical tools for the cultivation of mindfulness for officers are provided.
Evolutionary timescale of rabies virus adaptation to North American bats inferred from the substitution rate of the nucleoprotein gene

Throughout North America, rabies virus (RV) is endemic in bats. Distinct RV variants exist that are closely associated with infection of individual host species, such that there is little or no sustained spillover infection away from the primary host. Using Bayesian methodology, nucleotide substitution rates were estimated from alignments of partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences of nine distinct bat RV variants from North America. Substitution rates ranged from 2·32×10−4 to 1·38×10−3 substitutions per site per year. A maximum-likelihood (ML) molecular clock model was rejected for only two of the nine datasets. In addition, using sequences from bat RV variants across the Americas, the evolutionary rate for the complete N gene was estimated to be 2·32×10−4. This rate was used to scale trees using Bayesian and ML methods, and the time of the most recent common ancestor for current bat RV variant diversity in the Americas was estimated to be 1660 (range 1267–1782) and 1651 (range 1254–1773), respectively. Our reconstructions suggest that RV variants currently associated with infection of bats from Latin America (Desmodus and Tadarida) share the earliest common ancestor with the progenitor RV. In addition, from the ML tree, times were estimated for the emergence of the three major lineages responsible for bat rabies cases in North America. Adaptation to infection of the colonial bat species analysed (Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis spp.) appears to have occurred much quicker than for the solitary species analysed (Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus subflavus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus), suggesting that the process of virus adaptation may be dependent on host biology.
Retrospective Review of 516 Implantations of Option Inferior Vena Cava Filters at a Single Health Care System

Abstract Purpose To retrospectively evaluate the safety, efficacy, and retrievability of Option inferior vena cava (IVC) filters. Materials and Methods All patients (N = 516; 247 women; mean age, 67.1 y ± 15.1; range, 19.5–101.6 y) who received an Option filter between August 2009 and March 2015 at a single health care system were analyzed. Results The study duration was 68 months, with median clinical follow-up of 7.1 months (range, 1 d to 61.8 mo). During follow-up, 73 of 83 patients (88.0%) underwent successful filter retrieval, 153 died (including three after successful retrieval), and 293 remained alive with filters in situ. Seventeen cases of breakthrough pulmonary embolism (PE) occurred (3.4%). Among 323 patients with direct filter imaging, there were two cases of tilt > 15°, one case of filter deformity, 16 cases of intracaval migration > 2 cm, and no cases of filter fracture. There were six cases of caval occlusion, nine cases of thrombus trapped inside the filter, and 57 cases of limb penetration on computed tomography scans or radiographs of the IVC. Retrieval failures were attributed to filter tilt or tip embedment in the caval wall (n = 4), complete IVC thrombosis (n = 3), thrombus inside the filter (n = 2), or inability to disengage filter legs (n = 1). Recurrent deep vein thrombosis occurred in 34 patients, including 32 with filters in situ and two whose filters had been removed. Conclusions Most Option filters were left in situ for permanent indications. Rates of successful retrieval, device-related complications, and breakthrough PE were similar to those associated with other retrievable filters.
Solid state structure and reactivity in solution. The crystal and molecular structures of (OC)4W(t-BuS(CH2)nS-t-Bu) (n = 3, 2)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of the compounds having composition (OC)4W(t-BuS(CH2)nS-t-Bu) (n = 3,2) were determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data collected with a computer controlled diffractometer, using Mo-Kα radiation. The data that follow are given in the order n = 3 first, followed by the relevant data for the derivative with n = 2. Space group, P212121 and cell constants: a 9.388(4), b 9.548(2), c 21.989(11) A; D(calc) 1.74 g cm−3 and Z 4 molecules per unit cell. Space group C2/c and cell constants: a 25.568(9), b 8.958(3), c 16.457(2) A and β 95.810(13)°; D(calc) 1.78g cm−3 and Z 8 molecules per unit cell. Both structures were solved by Patterson methods using data corrected for absorption. Final refinements converged to R(F) factors of 4.6 and 6.3%, respectively, for (n = 3 and 2). The W—S distances when n = 3 are 2.574(5) 3.284(7) A. When n = 2, W—S distances are 2.559(5) and 2.565(4) A, the S—W—S angle is 80.8(1)° and the non-bonded S…S distance is 3.323(6) A. Both molecules contain octahedrally distorted WC4S2 fragments which are quite similar in their geometrical details. The overall WC4S2 fragments are normal and their structural characteristics compare well with established values. Comparisons between the structural data and reactivity via ligand exchange (replacement of the bidentate ligand) suggest that observed small but statistically significant differences in molecular geometries for the two complexes exert an appreciable cumulative effect upon reactivity.
Perceived Locus of Control and Beliefs about Astrology

Summary The present study was an investigation of the relationship of general and specific IE beliefs to an interest in supernatural phenomena: namely, astrological data. Forty-five male and 88 female college student Ss were administered the Rotter and Levenson IE scales, the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale, and a questionnaire assessing belief and knowledge about astrology. External beliefs about chance or fate were positively related to belief and action-taking in astrological activities, while other measures of IE, including the Rotter scale and beliefs about control by Powerful Others, were not related to an interest in astrology. Females were significantly more likely than males to believe in and have knowledge about astrology. Results are interpreted to suggest that externals can be differentiated and identified as to the kinds of efforts they might make to enhance reinforcement.
Stephens' Woodrat, a Dietary Specialist

The feeding biology of Stephens' woodrat ( Neotoma stephensi ) was studied in juniper woodlands in Arizona. Microscopic examinations were made of fecal samples from live-trapped animals, observations were made on foraging behavior, and data on plant communities occupied by this woodrat were gathered. Stephens' woodrat is a dietary specialist, unique in its ability to utilize juniper throughout the year. Some 90% of the diet is juniper: foliage is most important, but male and female cones are also eaten. This woodrat is a highly selective central-place forager, feeding repeatedly on certain individual junipers and avoiding others. Such finely tuned foraging probably facilitates the exploitation of junipers with unusually low levels of defensive, digestibility-reducing chemicals, and may be the key to this animal's success as a juniper specialist. Stephens' woodrat may be considered a relict species, largely restricted to areas supporting vestiges of a xeric juniper woodland that in the early Holocene was widespread in the southwestern United States.
Synthesis and DNA cleavage activity of a bifunctional intercalator-linked copper(II)macrocycle

An intercalator-linked macrocycle3,6-bis(dimethylamino)-10-(6-[1,4,7-triazacyclononane]hexyl) acridinium bromide was synthesized, its copper(II) complex was prepared, and the DNA cleavage activity of this metal complex was compared to that of the intercalator-free (Cu[9]aneN3)2+ complex.
Interactive effects between auditory and vibrotactile stimuli

Sensory effects between auditory and vibrotactile stimuli were investigated by obtaining lingual tactile thresholds under four conditions including no masking, 70, 90, and 110 dB SPL of wide-band noise. Obtained thresholds were highly similar, indicating no shifts in tactile sensitivity from auditory interactions. Findings suggest that dorsal lingual mechanoreceptors may function as independent afferent mechanisms.
Identification and quantification of sulfur gases emitted from soils, leaf litter and live plant parts

Abstract Sulfur gas emission potentials can be quantified by incubating soil, leaf litter or plant parts in polypropylene centrifuge bottles, followed by analysis of accumulated head space gases with a gas chromatograph having a sulfur-specific flame photometric detector. Biological sulfur gas emissions can make a small contribution to atmospheric sulfur and to sulfuric acid rain. Sulfur gas emissions by plants are potentially significant as defenses against root rot fungi, nematodes and insects. Sulfur gas emissions which inhibit nutrification may function to conserve NH 4 in the upper soil profile.
A new tearing algorithm for process flowsheeting

Abstract In developing an object-oriented process simulator, we found that tearing algorithms that do not use a cycle matrix might give inconsistent results depending on how ties are resolved. Two recently published flowsheet tearing algorithms (Gundersen and Li) have been studied in detail and a new tearing algorithm has been proposed. These algorithms define an optimal tear set as one that has the minimum tear set weight. Our studies show that Gundersen's “close-to-optimal” tearing algorithm may produce tear sets far from optimum depending on how a tie is resolved in the tearing process. We observe that Li's algorithm fails to produce optimum tear sets for a number of classical flowsheets. We modified Li's algorithm to significantly improve its performance. Based on this modified algorithm we propose a new tearing algorithm that gives an optimum tear set for all the 13 flowsheets studied.
Antagonistic action by FSH on ovarian stimulation produced by rat pituitary gonadotrophin.

CERTAIN anterior pituitary preparations have been shown to reduce the response of the ovaries of immature rats to exogenous gonadotrophins. This antagonistic action was first associated with preparations rich in growth hormone (1) but was later demonstrated to be more closely associated with the LH (2, 3, 4) or with the FSH (4, 5). However, these experiments have been contradictory and the mechanism of antagonism is not understood. With the widespread use of gonadotrophins for therapeutic as well as experimental purposes a better understanding of this phenomenon would appear to be of value. The present study was designed to obtain additional knowledge of factors influencing the antagonistic action of FSH against ovarian stimulation produced by a homogenate of rat anterior pituitary glands (RPH). method and materials Animals. The albino rats used in this study were pen-bred in our laboratory from Wistar stock. Littermates, 21 to 23 days old, weighing 35 to 45 gm., were distributed equally among the control...
Flux flow in nearly pure low-κ superconductors

A theory of flux flow useful for low-$\ensuremath{\kappa}$ superconductors is given where the electrodynamics is nonlocal. Fields and chemical potential gradients are induced by a transport current which causes the vortex to move with velocity ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}}_{L}$. These are determined self-consistently by the requirement that they generate a supercurrent to correspond to the displacement of a static vortex and compensate for scattering of thermally excited quasiparticles. Making use of an approximate analytic solution for a static vortex by Kramer and Pesch, it is shown that for the case of pure ($l\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{0}$) superconductors at low temperatures ($T\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5{T}_{c}$) there is no backflow. The component of ${\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{v}}}_{L}$ in the direction of the transport current is the transport velocity, a result of the Hall effect on the bound states in the vortex core.
Intracellular signaling and cytokine induction upon interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimbriae with pattern-recognition receptors.

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern‐recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system form functional receptor complexes that recognize and respond to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important pathogen in human periodontitis and has also been implicated in atherosclerosis. A major virulence factor of this pathogen is the fimbriae, which function as a surface adhesin. Here we present evidence that fimbriae also constitute a predominant P. gingivalis proinflammatory molecule which activates the TLR signaling pathway resulting in induction of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) and chemokines (IL‐8) in monocytic cells. Although TLR2 and TLR4 mediate cellular activation in response to fimbriae, other PRRs, namely CD14 and CD11b/CD18, are involved in the recognition of fimbriae. We thus propose that fimbriae function as a PAMP which interacts with a PRR multi‐receptor complex, where CD14 and CD11b/CD18 function as recruiting receptor...
ED-22CONCURRENCE OF GLIOMAS IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW

The concurrence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and gliomas is rare. Even though new symptoms in MS patients are likely due to disease progression, here we report a case demonstrating the importance of thorough clinical and radiologic evaluation and maintaining an open differential when investigating these new complaints. CASE REPORT: 79 year old man with MS diagnosed in 1980 managed on interferon-beta prior to 2009 complained of rapidly progressive cognitive decline in 12/2013 that began 3 months prior. Neurologic examination in 04/2014 revealed significant deterioration in memory and attention, worsened generalized weakness and ataxia, and the presence of aphasia, acalculia, and a left homonymous hemianopsia. A subsequent MRI brain with contrast showed a new extensive, infiltrative mass extending from the right parietoccipital region across a markedly expanded corpus callosum. CSF analysis demonstrated elevated protein, normal cell count, and negative EBV/ JC virus PCR and cytology. Pathology from a stereotactic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of anaplastic glioma. The family declined further intervention and the patient died five days later in hospice. DISCUSSION: While MS complaints are broad and progressive, attributing all new, especially rapidly progressive, symptoms to MS should be cautioned. This case demonstrates the rare concurrence of MS and glioma. Limited data and epidemiology studies suggest that MS patients are not predisposed to primary brain tumors and coexistence of these entities does not influence the evolution of either disease. Data of long-term effects of immunomodulators used in the management of MS suggests no increased cancer risk. The most common brain tumors reported in MS patients include; oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, glioblastoma, and gliomatosis cerebri. It is postulated that chronic inflammation in MS plaques induces neoplastic transformation of glial cells. However, contiguity between tumor and potentially neoplastic astrocytes within plaques is not always present. Additional research may determine the presence of any causal relationships.
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE ELASTIC MODULI OF DIAMOND : A BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING STUDY

Elastic moduli and refractive index of diamond, in the temperature range 300{endash}1600 K, are determined using Brillouin scattering. The elastic moduli decrease by only {approx}8{percent} up to 1600 K, indicating that diamond retains its reputed hardness even at high temperatures. We review the most commonly employed scattering geometries in Brillouin scattering (viz. backscattering, 90{degree} scattering, and platelet geometries), and discuss in detail the experimental errors which must be considered in each case. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
2009 Special Issue: Coordinated machine learning and decision support for situation awareness

Domains such as force protection require an effective decision maker to maintain a high level of situation awareness. A system that combines humans with neural networks is a desirable approach. Furthermore, it is advantageous for the calculation engine to operate in three learning modes: supervised for initial training and known updating, reinforcement for online operational improvement, and unsupervised in the absence of all external signaling. An Adaptive Resonance Theory based architecture capable of seamlessly switching among the three types of learning is discussed that can be used to help optimize the decision making of a human operator in such a scenario. This is followed by a situation assessment module.
Performance of a 40 GHz RF photonic balanced link using a polarization modulator

Fiber optic links are commonly employed for high bandwidth applications. Analog RF photonic link applications often have critical sensitivity and linearity requirements, as such the noise figure (NF) and spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) are key performance parameters for these links. There has been considerable research dedicated to developing improved components and link designs to yield improvement in NF and SFDR. A single output intensity modulator based on an AlGaAs polarization modulation (PolM) design with half wave voltage Vπ≅3 V at 1 GHz, 3 dB roll off at 40 GHz, and optical insertion loss ≅3 dB has been reported and is commercially available. [1,2] If the linear polarizer at the output of this device is replaced with a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), dual complementary outputs similar to a dual output Mach Zehnder modulator (MZM) are provided. This allows for an intensity modulated direct detection balanced link (IMDD-BL) design to be implemented which provides multi-octave operation and common mode suppression (CMS) of laser relative intensity noise (RIN) to improve the link NF.[3] Such a IMDD-BL using a PolM, a single fiber from transmitter to receiver, and the PBS preceded by a polarization controller located at the receiver has been demonstrated at 2 GHz showing common mode suppression of RIN similar to a link using a standard lithium niobate (LN) MZM.[4]
Contingent Negative Variation as an Indicator of Sexual Object Preference

The contingent negative variation (CNV) was recorded in the interval between paired visual exposures of male nudes, female nudes, and sexually "neutral" silhouettes. Groups of 12 male and 12 female subjects viewing 50 randomized presentations from each stinmulus category responded with averaged CNV amplitudes proportional to the predicted degree of sexual interest in the stimulus classes.
Fertility in true hermaphroditism

Abstract Fertility is documented in a patient with true hermaphroditism who presented at birth with ambiguous genitalia. Gender assignment was initially as a male, then appropriately changed to female. Appropriate reconstruction of the external genitalia and removal of the right ovatestes was done in infancy. The uterus, ovary on the left, and left fallopian tube were left intact. Puberty and menstruation occurred normally. Further genital and vaginal surgery was done during late teenage years. Conception and pregnancy were uneventful.
Being in Love with God : A Source of Analogies for Theological Understanding

The article seeks a psychological analogy for the divine processions that is found within the order of grace itself. Hints from Lonergan's later writings are developed to yield an analogy that begins with the dynamic state of being in love with God. The analogy is compared with earlier variants of the psychological analogy, and suggestions are made as to how it can be developed. St Ignatius's times of election are appealed to in order to show how the earlier analogies are compatible with the one being suggested here.
Idolatry as an Ontological Question: Native Consciousness and Juridical Proof in Colonial Mexico

Is it possible to regard idolatry as an epistemically objective notion in colonial Spanish America? In order to address this question, this essay will adopt two separate strategies: a traditional narrative historiography, and a conceptual stance inspired by contemporary Anglo-American analytical philosophy. In historiographical terms, this essay will present two case studies: the successful prosecution of Zapotec ritual specialist Diego Luis by an ecclesiastical judge in 1654, and the unsuccessful prosecution of several Zapotec idolatry suspects by a civil judge in 1666. These two case studies illustrate two antipodal native responses to idolatry extirpation: a full confession of idolatry, and the systematic denial of allegations of idolatry. It will be argued here that native consciousness of certain practices as idolatry was the one cognitive phenomenon that enabled the emergence of a collective intentionality that rendered idolatry into an epistemically objective fact. In other words, colonial idolatry emerged as a coherent category only when both native and ecclesiastical minds willed it into existence.