cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward resource independence - Why state-owned entities become multinationals: An empirical study of India's public R&D laboratories

In this paper, we build on the standard resource dependence theory (RDT) and its departure suggested by Vernon to offer a novel explanation for why state-owned entities (SOEs) might seek a global footprint and global cash flows: to achieve resource independence from other state actors. In the context of SOEs, the power use hypothesis of standard RDT can be used to analyze the dependence of SOEs on other state actors, such as government ministries and government agencies that have ownership and control rights in the SOE. Building on Vernon, we argue that the SOE can break free from this power imbalance and establish resource independence from other state actors by becoming a multinational firm and/or by generating global cash flows. We leverage a natural experiment in India and outline both quantitative and qualitative evidence from 42 Indian state-owned laboratories to support this argument.
Comment on "A Transform for Logic Networks"

The above-mentioned paper by K. S. Menger1 presents a restatement of logic functions in terms of the "macroelements" of Galois field (GF) arithmetic. Against the current background of LSI technology, this high- level hardware is going to be a welcome development.
Radiolabelling Study of the Heat-induced Interactions Between α-Lactalbumin, β-Lactoglubulin and K-Casein in Milk and in Buffer Solutions

Radiolabeled α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein were added to milk prior to heating it at 95°C for up to 20 min. The distribution of these proteins between the micellar and serum phases and between various sized aggregates were determined chromatographically. The results from these and other supplementary experiments were consistent with a model of whey proteins denaturing in milk during heat treatment and using κ-casein as a nucleation site for the formation of heat-induced complexes involving disulfide bonding. These heat-induced complexes, like κ-casein itself, remained associated with the external surface of the casein micelle and continued to enlarge with additional heat treatment.
The Spirit of Public Administration

A lifetime award can be a mixed blessing. As my daughter Ashley has observed, a lifetime award means you must really be getting old. I think she has decided it means entering the mode that my computer calls, “stand-by, energy saver.” Then again, last week at dinner my wife Beverley said, “I don't mean this to sound morbid, but I don't know a lot of what you've done to get this award. Don't you think it would be a good idea to write out your obituary?” As always, I am grateful for Beverley's advice, but I told her the first thing I had to do was write this talk for tonight. And the first thing I must do tonight is to thank all of you for coming to hear it. I know there are many other things you could have chosen to do after a hard day of conferencing. You are here voluntarily. That is a strange thing for me, since I am used to lecturing to people who are there only because the material is going to be on an exam. So I thank you and hope there will not be too many who are thinking after the lecture (as my departed co-author Aaron Wildavsky might have put it), “better he should have written the obituary.”
On the Sublayer Model for Turbulent Deposition of Aerosol Particles in the Presence of Gravity and Electric Fields

The deposition of neutral and charged aerosol particles from turbulent channel flows is considered. The sub-layer model for the turbulent deposition process is extended to cover the effects of gravity and electrostatic forces. The model is based on the detailed analyses of particle trajectories in the turbulence coherent vortical structures near a wall. The Stokes drag, the Saffman lift, and the gravitational and electrostatic forces are included in the equations of particle motion. The Coulomb, the image, the dielectrophoretic, and the dipole-dipole forces acting on a charged particle near a conducting surface are included in the analysis. Limiting trajectories for various conditions are carefully analyzed. Electrostatic precipitation and gravitational sedimentation in turbulent channel flows are studied in details. Deposition velocities for various particle parameters, flow conditions, and electric field strengths are presented and discussed. The effects of the electrostatic force, the particle density ...
Resolution in Doppler and Acceleration with Coherent Pulse Trains

The resolution properties and clutter performance of a simultaneous Doppler and acceleration measurement are investigated in detail with particular emphasis given to coherent pulse trains. The analysis is based on the concept of a matched-filter receiver, although receiver weighting of the type that reduces Doppler sidelobes is also analyzed in detail. Near the main lobe of the acceleration response is a pedestal-ike sidelobe region, the height of which is about 1/N of the main response lobe power where N is the number of pulses in the train. The extent of this pedestal along the acceleration axis is proportional to N. The acceleration measurement in a clutter environment is best performed when both targets and clutter are confined to this pedestal region, since some response sidelobes outside of this region are extremely large.
Semantic network analysis for evidence evaluation: The threat anticipation initiative

Semantic network analysis offers a computational method for discovery, pattern matching, and reasoning with large amounts of unstructured, semi-structured and structured information. The Threat Anticipation Platform replaces more cumbersome and computationally complex forms of semantic inference with metrics on graph representations of labeled, directed semantic networked data to identify the degree of evidence within multiple data sources for specified hypotheses about potential events.
Role of Game Models in Social Networks

Social networks help to bring the special interest groups on a common platform to develop their businesses, share common interest, and bridge the communication. Once you are inside this online community, you can begin to create your own interest group network of friends and eliminate members that do not share common interests or goals. Most popular sites to help in building the social network includes but are not limited to MySpace, FriendWise, FriendFinder, Yahoo! 360, Facebook, Orkut, and Classmates. In this research, we identified the exponential growth of social networks, the importance of social networks and danger involved in social networks. We then modeled the social network using cooperative game and non-zero sum game models. We discussed the competition among the players in a bargaining situation using cooperative game models. We then discussed the role of non-zero sum game model in social networks and designed the social networks as a non-zero sum game.
Effects of axotomy on cultured sensory neurons of Aplysia: Long-term injury-induced changes in excitability and morphology are mediated by different signaling pathways

To facilitate an understanding of injury-induced changes within the nervous system, we used a single-cell, in vitro model of axonal injury. Sensory neurons were individually dissociated from the CN...
Environmental Factors Influencing Auto Burglary: A Case Study

Although large numbers of crimes are committed in parks each year, little is known about the ways in which offenders use park settings to commit these crimes. Such knowledge would allow park managers to evaluate crime risk and opportunity and to formulate response strategies. A case study of auto burglary in Washington, D.C., examined the relationship between park setting and auto burglary. A focus group, extensive on-site interviews with plainclothes police, and analysis of crime sites were used to reveal the scripts and behaviors of auto burglars. The results are consistent with fundamental theories of environmental criminology and suggest that situational features are in fact used by offenders and that offenders adapt their behaviors to the opportunities and risks provided by each setting. In particular, a park’s physical features can reduce effort and risk by offering concealment, which is necessary for identifying targets and for sorting stolen valuables.
Role of Polyelectrolyte Persistence Length in the Binding of Oppositely Charged Micelles, Dendrimers, and Protein to Chitosan and Poly(dimethyldiallyammonium chloride)

The effect of polyelectrolyte chain flexibility on adsorption to oppositely charged colloidal particles and its parametrization by persistence length have been investigated by comparison of PDADMAC and chitosan, polycations of equal linear charge density but of respectively low and high bare persistence lengths, relatively. Their relative affinity to (i) nonionic/anionic mixed micelles, (ii) carboxyl-terminated dendrimers, and (iii) bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by turbidimetric titrations. Potentiometric titrations and dynamic light scattering experiments as well as molecular modeling with SPARTAN were used to characterize and model these systems. The experimental and modeling results lead to the conclusion that while chain stiffness does influence the binding of polyelectrolytes to oppositely charged colloids, the persistence length is not necessarily an appropriate measure of chain flexibility on short length scales.
Two for the price of one: a model for parallel and incremental computation

Parallel or incremental versions of an algorithm can significantly outperform their counterparts, but are often difficult to develop. Programming models that provide appropriate abstractions to decompose data and tasks can simplify parallelization. We show in this work that the same abstractions can enable both parallel and incremental execution. We present a novel algorithm for parallel self-adjusting computation. This algorithm extends a deterministic parallel programming model (concurrent revisions) with support for recording and repeating computations. On record, we construct a dynamic dependence graph of the parallel computation. On repeat, we reexecute only parts whose dependencies have changed.We implement and evaluate our idea by studying five example programs, including a realistic multi-pass CSS layout algorithm. We describe programming techniques that proved particularly useful to improve the performance of self-adjustment in practice. Our final results show significant speedups on all examples (up to 37x on an 8-core machine). These speedups are well beyond what can be achieved by parallelization alone, while requiring a comparable effort by the programmer.
Relief assistance to 1998 flood victims: a comparison of the performance of the government and NGOs

With increasing support from the international community, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have played an important role in Bangladesh since the early 1970s in providing emergency assistance to disaster victims. After observing widespread corruption and misuse of relief aid by the Bangladesh government in 1974 and subsequent years, external sources began to channellize emergency assistance to the victims through NGOs. Realizing that NGOs were usurping its authority over external disaster assistance, the government looked for opportunities to demonstrate its ability to deliver services to victims. An opportunity came in July 1998 when Bangladesh experienced a devastating flood. Using data collected from 348 households in 11 villages, this paper compares support received by the respondents from the Bangladesh government and NGOs during and immediately after the flood. Respondent opinions regarding emergency relief distribution suggest that both sources performed satisfactorily and an overwhelming majority of them thought that the government performed better than it had previously in distributing relief assistance to flood victims. Following an analysis of the survey data, this paper discusses the policy implications for future disaster assistance efforts in Bangladesh and elsewhere.
Rare Diseases, Common Problems: Recognition and Management

Although a growing number of inherited metaboic diseases can be treated effectively, diagnosis often comes too late to benefit the patient. There are at least two ways, however, in which diagnosis can be made before irreversible damage occurs. First, physicians whose services are sought when a patient becomes ill could be attuned to the possibility of metabolic conditions. This is difficult when the initial symptoms, for example, vomiting or poor feeding, resemble those of common, self-limited illnesses, or when they suggest, as with respiratory distress, other categories of serious illness. Second, all infants could be screened for indicators of some of these conditions. Then the primary physician has a responsibility to determine the significance of both positive and negative results and to decide whether follow-up is needed. This study had three objectives: (1) to determine whether physicians are aware of the common problems with which inherited metabolic conditions often present; (2) to determine whether their management of common problems facilitates the early diagnosis of such conditions; and (3) to assess their evaluation of screening test results. METHODS Physicians who were participating in three continuing education programs were asked to answer, anonymously, several questions dealing with recognition and in management of geneticmetaboic diseases before they were given any instruction on the subject. The same questionnaire was distributed to the pediatric house staff at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. The tabulated results were discussed with the respondents collectively during hour-long conferences. RESULTS AND COMMENTS Classification of Respondents One hundred fifty-six physicians returned the questionnaire: 67 pediatricians (in practice, 56; full-time faculty, 6: unknown, 5), 30 general or family practitioners, and 59 pediatric house officers.
Litter hovels as havens for riparian spiders in an unregulated river

Riparian spider abundance is influenced by the extent and architecture of litter, which is greatly influenced by flood regime. Flood-deposited clumps of intertwined plant material and inorganic debris (“litter hovels”) attached to trees and elevated above the ground by past high water events present a unique, persistent, and unstudied habitat type for spiders. We investigated spider use of litter hovels along an unregulated reach of West Clear Creek, Arizona, USA dominated by native riparian vegetation. Ninety two percent of litter hovels were occupied by at least one spider, with a mean occupancy of 4.5 spiders per hovel. Spider abundance and diversity at the family level were positively correlated with litter hovel size. Furthermore, spiders were non-randomly distributed among litter hovels in three areas of this riparian system: the vegetated floodplain, creek edges, and islands within the creek channel. Overall spider diversity was two-fold greater on creek islands than in the vegetated floodplain, and spider abundance also varied by predation guild among the three habitat types. Running and web-building spiders were most abundant on creek islands, while stalking and ambushing spiders were two-fold more abundant along creek edges in comparison with other habitats. For this riparian system, we estimate that spider densities could reach 270,000/ha in hovels alone, and therefore alteration of flood regimes through stream management may have important implications for arthropod dynamics. Current efforts to restore natural flood regimes and native vegetation in Southwestern streams are likely to benefit spider populations, their predators, and the regulation of herbivorous arthropods.
Field-Theoretic Origin of the Isovector Central (Lane) and Spin-Orbit Potentials for Quasielastic (P,N) Reactions

As several authors have pointed out,1–8 a relativistic description of nuclear one-body motion improves on the usual Schroedinger theory in several ways: First, the spin-orbit potential arises naturally from the velocity dependence of the forces,1,7,8 as does the “full-Thomas” form of the spin-orbit potential in de-formed nuclei.9 Second, the observed energy dependence of the real part of the nucleon-nucleus optical potential can be understood as mainly a relativistic kinematic effect.1,2,5,10 And third, the relativistic approach is more fundamental, in the sense that it relates the nuclear one-body potentials to the average meson fields present in nuclei.1–4,6 This note is a study of the consequences of the nuclear ρ-meson field for charge-exchange reactions, and particularly (p,n) reactions.
Experimental use of adhesives in the repair of transverse fractures of the rat and rabbit.

In this preliminary study, the feasibility of fixing fractured bones was explored using the ethyl and isobutyl 2-cyano-acrylates, prepolymerized barnacle cement, and fibrin glue. Adequate cohesive strength cannot be obtained when lipids are present on the surface to be joined by alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates. Oxidized regenerated cellulose gauze soaked in a highly concentrated fibrinogen solution was inserted into the partially hollowed fracture ends to arrest the flow of oozing blood from the medullary canal. Anhydrous ether was used to sponge off any residual lipid from the bone surfaces. The displaced fracture ends were aligned and narrow strips of bone were secured around the fracture line resulting in a barrel stave arrangement. Roentgenograms indicated successful reduction of transverse (midshaft) fractures in eight rat (femur) and seven rabbit (tibia) models. In some cases, casts were used as supplementary fixation. Using the ethyl and isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylates, reduced fractures were maintained in a stab...
Creating and transferring patterns—Photolithography

We have learned much about the substrate and ways of adding layers to it. We next turn our attention to creating and transferring patterns onto the substrate and/or these layers. In so doing we lay the foundation of creating actual structures with specific geometries. The primary tool used to accomplish this is photolithography, which is essentially an optical printing process.
Consumers' risk perceptions of prescription and over-the-counter medications

Background:Flawed judgments about medication risks potentially jeopardize efforts to protect the public. It has been shown that positive risk/benefit perceptions by patients and providers lead to better patient outcomes, higher acceptance of drug therapy, and higher adherence rates.Objective:To explore consumers' level of familiarity with 10 best-selling over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription drug products, correlate familiarity with risk perceptions regarding those agents, and ascertain common sources of information regarding the medications studied.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in the major metropolitan tri-county area of south Florida using a facilitator-administered survey instrument. Data collection involved asking consumers about the extent to which they agreed with statements related to risk perceptions, familiarity, and sources of information for 10 best-selling medications. Participants were recruited from a convenience sample of 1,035 south Florida residents.Results:When ranking...
New Tremellales From Panama

as two-layered "with an inner often refractive nongelatinous wall and a thicker outer matrix (or wall?) through which projections in the form of rods, spines or plates extend from the inner wall to the spore surface, the spore surface appearing warty or reticulate if the matrix does not revive completely". Despite the apparent similarity in spore ornamentation between Mycolevis and the Cribbeaceae a proper evaluation of their relationship cannot be made until spores of the Cribbeaceae have been examined by electron microscopy. The preparation of this paper was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant GB-36810X under the Coniferous Forest Biome (contribution no. 225), Ecosystem Analysis Studies, US/IBP, NSF Doctoral Dissertation Research Grant BMS 74-12750 and done
BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLD FOR THE TREATMENT OF LESIONS IN SMALL CORONARY ARTERIES: IVUS INSIGHTS FROM THE ABSORB JAPAN TRIAL

Despite the overall non-inferiority confirmed in randomized trials, poorer outcomes of bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) have been reported in small coronaries compared with control everolimus eluting stents (EES). This study aimed to characterize post-procedural IVUS findings in the ABSORB JAPAN trial,
Plenary lecture 1: motion noise separation in digital video

The majority of the information transferred over networks today is multimedia data. Voice, text, and music represent a small proportion, compared to video and image data. Consecutive video frames are highly correlated and usually there is very small change from one video frame to the next. Yet often times the video noise is perceived as motion, and the motion is perceived as noise. Missclassification of noise as motion results in lower compression ratio, higher bandwidth required for video transmission across networks, and more memory storage required. It also acts as impedance in pattern recognition. In this work we present theories and algorithms which increase the probability of correctly classifying noise and motion. Applying these algorithms prior to motion estimation and motion compensation, we increase the compression ratio, increase the video quality, decrease the required transmission bandwidth, decrease the memory storage needed, and increase the ability for pattern recognition.
Lessons Learned by China's Future Power Grid Construction from Brazilian Blackout

Brazil suffered a massive power failure on November 10.2009,and it was the fourth severe blackout attributed to the power transmission system of the Itaipu Hydropower Station since 1999,and drew extensive attention from foreign media and China's electric power industry.This paper,based on all the related information and data available on major websites both at home and abroad,analyzes the causes,development process and influences of this blackout and explores its essential origin.This blackout is,in essence,originated from the flaws in the structure of the transmission system:large-capacity electricity from Itaipu Hydroelectric Power Station is directly connected with Saint Paul regional power grid a long distance away via the ± 600kV,6×300MW HVDC transmission system and 765kV AC double-circuit transmission system,and the HVDC transmission capacity exceeds the maximum load by 10%.Based on an deep analysis of the Brazilian blackout,the paper discusses the experience and lessons learned from it for China's future power grid construction.The most important lesson:in the planning,construction and operation of power grids in China should avoid long-distance and large-capacity point-to-point power transmission to the regional grids.According to the characteristics of power generation allocations and distribution of power load centers,it is appropriate to plan and build the 1 000kV/750kV synchronous interconnected power grids and to replace the long-distance point-to-point direct power transmission with the interconnected power transmission network to guarantee the safe and economical operation of the national synchronous power grid.
2014 AGU Fall Meeting and Progress of Seismomagnetic Research

We summarized the seismomagnetic research resnlt in the 2014 American Geophysical Union( AGU) Fall M eeting which was held in San Francisco,USA on Dec. 15 ~ 19,2014. The papers of the AGU meeting fully showed the new progresses and the new results of seismomagnetic research,and the development prospect of it in the future. The seismomagnetic research is very important for the earthquake prediction. The research results display that the lithospheric magnetic anomalies variation in local region has the seismomagnetic precursor information,and it is an important basis for predicting the local seismic activity.
The conversion of D-glucose into lignin in Norwegian spruce.

Abstract C 14 -labeled d -glucose was fed to Norwegian spruce trees, and, after metabolism, the isotopic activity was detected in the cambium layer of the trees. The lignin of this layer was isolated and found to be radioactive. On degradation of the lignin to vanillin, it was found that glucose labeled in the 1 or 6 positions gave rise to vanillin in which the label was primarily in the 2 and 6 positions. Hence, the trees were able to convert fed d -glucose into lignin. This is of significance in relation to the importance of glucose in photosynthesis and in the formation of cellulose.
Enhanced Bacteriocin Production by Propionibacterium thoenii in Fed-Batch Fermentation ‡.

Synthesis of the bacteriocin propionicin PLG-1 as well as culture growth and organic acid production by Propionibacterium thaenii P127 were followed in fed-batch fermentations conducted for 504 h in a sodium lactate broth. Average concentrations of viable cells were higher in two small-scale fed-batch fermentations than in batch fermentations: 2.2 × 109 cells per ml versus 3.7 × 108 cells per ml. Propionic acid concentration averaged 35.8 g/liter at the end of fed-batch fementation, and maximum bacteriocin titers were 184 and 146 AU/ml in the two fed-batch fermentations. After reaching the maximum value, bacteriocin activity dropped sharply upon continued incubation. Large quantities of propionicin PLG-I could be obtained in large-scale fed-batch fermentation, but the concentration (100 AU/ml) was lower than in the small-scale fermentations. Fed-batch fermentation shows promise as a method to obtain high concentrations of bacteriocin from the propionibacteria.
Poverty Knowledge in South Africa: A Social History of Human Science, 1855–2005

Poverty is South Africa's greatest challenge. But what is 'poverty'? How can it be measured? And how can it be reduced if not eliminated? In South Africa, human science knowledge about the cost of living grew out of colonialism, industrialization, apartheid and civil resistance campaigns, which makes this knowledge far from neutral or apolitical. South Africans have used the Poverty Datum Line (PDL), Gini coefficients and other poverty thresholds to petition the state, to chip away at the pillars of white supremacy, and, more recently, to criticize the postapartheid government's failures to deliver on some of its promises. Rather than promoting one particular policy solution, this book argues that poverty knowledge teaches us about the dynamics of historical change, the power of racism in white settler societies, and the role of grassroots protest movements in shaping state policies and scientific categories. Readers will gain new perspectives on today's debates about social welfare, redistribution and human rights, and will ultimately find reasons to rethink conventional approaches to advocacy.
Quantity Surcharges in Supermarkets and Discount Stores: The 1990s in the United States

This study extended earlier works on the incidence of surcharging in supermarkets to include an examination of the practice in discount stores. The results indicate that the utilization of surcharges in supermarkets has not diminished. Moreover, the analysis disclosed that surcharged prices are just as likely to occur in discount stores as in supermarkets.
Patterns and prognostic relevance of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in colorectal carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway has shown efficacy in several types of cancers including mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal carcinoma. In some tumor types, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression detected by immunohistochemistry has shown utility as a predictive marker for response to anti-PD-1 therapies. This utility, however, remains to be determined in colorectal carcinoma. In addition, although tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have been associated with better prognosis in colorectal carcinoma, the prognostic value of PD-1 expression in these lymphocytes and its interaction with PD-L1 expression still await investigation. To address these questions, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the patterns of PD-L1 and PD-1 immunohistochemical expression on colorectal carcinoma cells and their tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Using tissue microarray, we found that 5p (19s394) of colorectal carcinomas exhibited high tumor PD-L1 expression, and 19p (76s392) had elevated numbers of PD-1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. PD-L1 levels correlated with PD-1 levels (P<0.001), and mismatch-repair-deficient tumors had significantly higher rates of high PD-L1 and PD-1 expression when compared with mismatch-repair-proficient tumors (18p vs 2p and 50p vs 13p, respectively; P<0.001 for both). Staining intensity was also stronger for both markers in mismatch-repair-deficient tumors. Furthermore, we observed that among patients with mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal carcinoma, PD-1sPD-L1 expression stratified recurrence-free survival in an inter-dependent manner: an association between high PD-1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and improved recurrence-free survival (Pe0.041) was maintained only when the tumors had low-level PD-L1 expression (Pe0.006); patients whose tumors had both high PD-1-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high PD-L1 expression had a significantly worse recurrence-free survival (P<0.001). Thus, our results not only provide a foundation for further assessment of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry as a predictive marker for anti-PD-1 therapy in colorectal carcinoma, they also shed light on the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in different subsets of mismatch-repair-deficient colorectal carcinomas.
On the Preservation of Eccentricities of Monge–Ampère Sections

A study on the preservation of eccentricities of Monge–Ampere sections under an integral Dini-type condition on the Monge–Ampere measure is presented. The approach is based solely on C2, α-estimates for solutions to the Monge–Ampere equation. The main results are then related to the local quasi-conformal Jacobian problem and to a priori estimates for solutions to the linearized Monge–Ampere equation.
A novel computer algorithm for modeling and treating mandibular fractures: A pilot study

Objectives/Hypothesis To describe a novel computer algorithm that can model mandibular fracture repair. To evaluate the algorithm as a tool to model mandibular fracture reduction and hardware selection. Study Design Retrospective pilot study combined with cross-sectional survey. Methods A computer algorithm utilizing Aquarius Net (TeraRecon, Inc, Foster City, CA) and Adobe Photoshop CS6 (Adobe Systems, Inc, San Jose, CA) was developed to model mandibular fracture repair. Ten different fracture patterns were selected from nine patients who had already undergone mandibular fracture repair. The preoperative computed tomography (CT) images were processed with the computer algorithm to create virtual images that matched the actual postoperative three-dimensional CT images. A survey comparing the true postoperative image with the virtual postoperative images was created and administered to otolaryngology resident and attending physicians. They were asked to rate on a scale from 0 to 10 (0 = completely different; 10 = identical) the similarity between the two images in terms of the fracture reduction and fixation hardware. Results Ten mandible fracture cases were analyzed and processed. There were 15 survey respondents. The mean score for overall similarity between the images was 8.41 ± 0.91; the mean score for similarity of fracture reduction was 8.61 ± 0.98; and the mean score for hardware appearance was 8.27 ± 0.97. There were no significant differences between attending and resident responses. There were no significant differences based on fracture location. Conclusion This computer algorithm can accurately model mandibular fracture repair. Images created by the algorithm are highly similar to true postoperative images. The algorithm can potentially assist a surgeon planning mandibular fracture repair. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:331–336, 2017
Early microlithic technologies and behavioural variability in Southern Africa and South Asia

Lithic miniaturisation, the systematic production of small tools from small cores, is a pervasive trend in Pleistocene lithic technology. Miniaturised stone tools are reported from nearly every con...
Transforming blocking MPI collectives to Non-blocking and persistent operations

This paper describes Petal, a prototype tool that uses compiler-analysis techniques to automate code transformations to hide communication costs behind computation by replacing blocking MPI functions with corresponding nonblocking and persistent collective operations while maintaining legacy applications' correctness. In earlier work, we have already demonstrated Petal's ability to transform point-to-point MPI operations in complement to the results shown here. The contributions of this paper include the approach to collective operation transformations, a description of achieved functionality, examples of transformations, and demonstration of performance improvements obtained thus far on representative sample MPI programs. Depending on system scale and problem size, the transformations yield a speedup of up to a factor of two. This tool can be used to transform useful classes of new and legacy MPI programs to use the newest variants of MPI functions to improve performance without manual intervention for forthcoming HPC systems and updated versions of the MPI standard.
Geographic Response Plans: Preparing for Inland Oil Spills in California Waterways

California emergency regulations governing the development of oil spill contingency plans and financial responsibility for inland facilities, pipelines, refineries and railroads became effective in...
"It has changed my whole life": The systemic implications of chronic low back pain among older adults.

ABSTRACTChronic low back pain (CLBP) is the most common pain complaint among older adults. Despite its prevalence, very little research has qualitatively examined the diverse consequences of living with CLBP in later life. As part of a larger study aiming to understand the experience of CLBP among older adults, the objective of this manuscript is to understand how older adults experience CLBP and its impacts on the functioning of older adults. Guided by van Manen’s phenomenological method, 23 semi-structured interviews with 21 pain clinic patients aged 66–83 were conducted. Through an iterative process assisted by NVivo 11 software, researchers used line-by-line thematic coding to identify main impacts of CLBP. Under the main theme “It has changed my whole life,” results are reflected in six subthemes: (a) Pain damages sense of self; (b) trapped in a body that doesn’t work anymore; (c) me, my partner, and my pain; (d) pain complicates family relationships; (e) painfully employed; and (f) feeling socially ...
Inherent self-interference cancellation at 900 MHz for in-band full-duplex applications

This paper addresses the biggest practical obstacle of in-band full duplex (IBFD) communication systems, which is self-interference (SI) signals. We propose a novel analog self-interference cancellation technique for single antenna IBFD systems. In this technique, we use the secondary SI signal reflected by the antenna to cancel the primary SI signal leaked from the circulator transmitter port at the receiver. We use an adjustable mismatch impedance terminal (IMT) at the antenna port to modify the magnitude and phase of the secondary SI signal. We design and fabricate a prototype of single antenna IBFD in the ISM frequency band at 900 MHz. The measurement results show 40 dB SI cancellation over 35 MHz frequency bandwidth.
FINITE ELEMENT APPLICATIONS IN NDE ENGINEERING

Domain methods of modeling ultrasonic wave propagation give a full displacement field solution which can be useful in studying physical phenomena associated with the nondestructive inspection of materials. A number of applications have been studied which make use of this attribute including the analysis of oblique echoes in thick composites, the simulation of SAFT reconstructions, the validation of a Gauss-Hermite beam model and the sensitivity of diffraction tomography algorithms to transducer aperture variations and anisotropy.
Paradoxical activation of Leptomonas NAD-linked α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase by ethidium and antrycide

Abstract Antrycide and ethidium bromide — 2 cationic trypanocides — inhibited NAD-linked α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from Leptomonas sp. The kinetics of enzyme inhibition was determined by Lineweaver-Burk, Dixon, or direct linear plots. Inhibition by Antrycide was noncompetitive for dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the presence of saturating Mg2+ or spermidine. With dihydroxyacetone phosphate at saturation, Antrycide inhibition was also noncompetitive with respect to Mg2+ (Ki = 115 μM) and spermidine (Ki = 85 μM). Inhibition by ethidium in the presence of saturating dihydroxyacetone phosphate, was noncompetitive for Mg2+ (Ki = 400 μM) but mixed for spermidine (Ki = 495 μM); inhibition was noncompetitive for dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the presence of saturating Mg2+ or spermidine. Rabbit-muscle α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited at all concentrations of Antrycide and ethidium tested, but the Leptomonas enzyme was stimulated up to 3.5-fold by low concentrations of inhibitors in the absence of polyamine. New chemotherapeutic possibilities may thus be opened and an evolutionary distinction between trypanosomatid and mammalian enzyme.
Das politisch korrekte Periodensystem der Elemente

Dieser Artikel erschien 1993. Um die Gesundheit und das Wohlergehen der Allgemeinheit zu schutzen, mussen wir alle Quellen von toxischen Stoffen, Umweltschadstoffen und Radioaktivitat beseitigen. Isotope und kunstliche Elemente sollten nicht geduldet werden, ebensowenig Treibhausgase oder Ursachen von Bluthochdruck. Sexistische Nomenklatur hat in der modernen Gesellschaft keinen Platz.
New Ways to use Old Ideas for High Quality Acoustic Images

How to obtain images with sound hats been the subject of much effort for many years. The modern research started with the work of the French in underwater search during World I. Shortly thereafter many valid ideas were advanced by workers in many nations on how to produce various kinds of acoustic images. The several generic approaches to acoustic imaging can be categorized into one or the other of three key modalities: pulse-echo imaging, intensity mapping, and phase-amplitude techniques. Each of these categories can be combined with the others to produce hybrid instruments, some of which are among the most powerful in the acoustic imaging domain.
Human dimensions of forest management: an empirical study of stakeholder perspectives

Although much has been written on the human dimensions of forest management, there has been little empirical investigation of how forest stakeholders themselves conceptualize this domain. We used a conceptual content cognitive mapping (3CM) task along with a short survey to explore the perspectives of 23 forest stakeholders in the Pacific Northwest on the human factors relevant to appropriate forest management. Study participants were chosen from three groups: employees of the U.S. Forest Service at the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie Forest, employees of a large timber company, and area environmentalists. Three distinct human dimensions emerged: Traditional intangible benefits (aesthetic concerns, recreation and cultural resources), Values and expectations (considering multiple values, maintaining public expectations, considering social acceptability and maintaining public confidence in forestry), and Process issues indecision making (public involvement, communication across boundaries, collaboration and taking an interdisciplinary approach). In this article, we discuss these three dimensions, the differences found among the stakeholder groups in the importance they placed on each of these dimensions, and the benefits of the 3CM method in this context.
Cell Contact Phenomena and Their Implication in Cell Communication

Before junctions can be formed, parts of apposing cell surfaces must make contact with each other; interactions occurring before, during, and after contact also appear to play an important role in junction formation. In this presentation, we will consider various aspects of cell contact from a predominandy biophysical viewpoint. Our approach is iterative in the sense that we move back and forth between physical theory and observations on living cells.
Mechanical systems performance of the HET wide-field upgrade

We have completed a major Wide Field Upgrade (WFU) of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and reentered scheduled queue science operations in mid-2016. This paper assesses the performance of the various mechanical systems which were upgraded, or added to HET, including the Telescope Structure, the star Tracker (aka, WFU Tracker), Prime Focus Instrument Package (PFIP), and VIRUS Support Structure (VSS). The upgrades were required to increase the field of view of HET, from 4 arc-minutes, to 22 arc-minutes, increasing the observed area of sky by 30 times the original FoV. In the process, the total weight of the system increased from 100 tons, to 153 tons, requiring a complete overhaul of most of the mechanical, servo, and control systems. The new 13-axis Tracker and control system was tested extensively prior to shipping and installation, and followed up with laser tracker measurements, which brought the tracking system to within 1 arc-minute RMS pointing, and followed up with on-sky derived mount-models, which has improved the pointing and guiding to within 12 arc-seconds RMS, and 0.1 arc-seconds, respectively. A completely new structural support system was implemented to house and connect a total of 156 VIRUS spectrographs, plus 4 new Low-Resolution Spectrographs (LRS2). The VIRUS units are arrayed in two large enclosures mounted to either side of the telescope. Each enclosure is approximately 1.3m deep x 6.7m wide x 6.2m tall and weighs 38 tons fully loaded. This structure is attached to HET in a way that allows it to be positioned by, but stand independent of, the HET during observation. As commissioning has transitioned to phased-science/engineering operations, and subsequently, to science operation, the tracking software and mechanical performance of the Tracker and VSS have been improved to meet specification. Performance data and lessons learned are provided.
An International Study of the Relationship Between Learning to Teach Students from Diverse Backgrounds and Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching in Future Secondary Mathematics Teachers

This study examines the role teacher education plays in developing highly knowledgeable secondary mathematics teachers prepared to work with students from diverse backgrounds. Hierarchical linear modeling is used to investigate the relationship between opportunities to learn to teach students from diverse backgrounds during teacher preparation and teachers’ mathematical knowledge for teaching using the TEDS-M international dataset. In some countries, a negative relationship within teacher preparation programs was found: Teachers with more opportunities to address the learning needs of students from diverse backgrounds have lower levels of mathematical knowledge for teaching. These results suggest that teachers with tools for addressing the learning needs of students from diverse backgrounds may lack adequate mathematical preparation.
EBB among the Nightingales: Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Felicia Hemans, and Generative Rivalry in the Poetess Tradition

Shortly before Elizabeth Barrett Browning turned 15, she declared, “I am not content till I excel”. Competition with the poetess tradition proved to be an especially generative form of collaboratio...
An abnormal meta-stable nanoscale eutectic reaction revealed by in-situ observations

Abstract Phase selection and growth of materials far from equilibrium provides fertile ground for novel phases and morphologies since a multitude of different pathways may be energetically accessible. In this study, a complex metastable devitrification of Al60Sm11 (e-phase) from its amorphous precursor is discovered using a combination of in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD), providing insight into the average bulk behavior, and in-situ aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, revealing the atomic scale mechanisms of growth and their dynamics. We have found that non-equilibrium chemical partitioning disrupts the nominal planer growth by formation of nanoscale Al enriched regions inhomogeneously segregated at the e/glass interface, to locally balance the compositionally dependent driving force and the associated diffusional burden imposed on its grain growth. These Al-rich regions form fcc-Al-rich nanocrystallites epitaxially with the e-phase, modifying e/glass interface mobility and creating a crenulated growth front. This new mechanism offers a pathway for fabricating alloy structures with nanoprecipitate dispersions through a meta-stable phase transition.
A3-A3 Anastomosis in the Management of Complex Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: Experience With in Situ Bypass and Lessons Learned From Pseudoaneurysm Cases.

Background A3-A3 side-to-side bypass is an intracranial-to-intracranial (IC-IC) revascularization option when aneurysm treatment involves occlusion of one anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Objective To describe applications of A3-A3 side-to-side bypass in the management of ACA true and pseudoaneurysms along with a review of pertinent literature. Methods Six consecutive patients undergoing an A3-A3 bypass as part of their aneurysm management, representing a single-surgeon experience in a 2-yr period, were included in this retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Results Three male and three female patients with a median (range) age of 41.5 (11-69) years representing four ruptured and two unruptured aneurysms were included. Two of the aneurysms were communicating while four were postcommunicating from which three were pseudoaneurysms. Complete aneurysm obliteration was achieved in 5/6 cases. Bypass patency was evaluated in all cases intra- and postoperatively. Good outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2) at follow-up were observed in 4/6 patients. An improvement in mRS scores at the most recent follow-up as compared to preoperative status was achieved in three while scores remained the same in two patients. Ischemic complications related to aneurysm treatment were observed in two patients, both of which achieved good functional recovery upon follow-up. One patient deceased postoperatively due to progression of vasospasm-related infarcts. Conclusion A3-A3 bypass in the management of true as well as pseudoaneurysms of the ACA can achieve good postoperative outcomes in selected patients. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive surgical treatment needs to be pursued if a vessel injury with pseudoaneurysm formation is suspected.
Criterion Validity of the Early Communication Indicator for Infants and Toddlers.

The Early Communication Indicator (ECI) is a progress monitoring measure designed to support intervention decisions of the home visitors and early educators who serve infants and toddlers. The pres...