cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Signaling Suppresses Protein Kinase Cδ- and p38δ-dependent Signaling and Keratinocyte Differentiation

PKCδ is a key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation that activates p38δ phosphorylation leading to increased differentiation as measured by an increased expression of the structural protein involucrin. Our previous studies suggest that p38δ exists in association with protein partners. A major goal is to identify these partners and understand their role in regulating keratinocyte differentiation. In this study we use affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as part of the p38δ signaling complex. PRMT5 is an arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues on target proteins to alter target protein function. We show that PRMT5 knockdown is associated with increased p38δ phosphorylation, suggesting that PRMT5 impacts the p38δ signaling complex. At a functional level we show that PRMT5 inhibits the PKCδ- or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-dependent increase in human involucrin expression, and PRMT5 dimethylates proteins in the p38δ complex. Moreover, PKCδ expression reduces the PRMT5 level, suggesting that PKCδ activates differentiation in part by reducing PRMT5 level. These studies indicate antagonism between the PKCδ and PRMT5 signaling in control of keratinocyte differentiation.
Perceived information ownership and control: Negotiating communication preferences in potential adoption reunions

In this study, the tension adoptees feel between learning information about their past and protecting themselves from negative or unwanted information about their birth/adoption was explored. Specifically, communication privacy management theory was used to explore adoptee preferences for information during a potential reunion with their birth mother/family. Findings suggest adoptees' preferences for information ownership and control correspond to the following privacy rules: (a) permeably boundary privacy rules, (b) privacy rule calibrations of boundary access, (c) protection privacy rules, and (d) privacy rules restricting boundary access. In addition, adoptees often expressed that they would like their birth mothers to serve as information guardians, revealing desired information and concealing unwanted disclosures. By assuming this guardian role, birth mothers and adoptees might have less stressful reunions, especially if both parties have similar expectations for information preferences.
Capital Structure Decisions in Corporate Finance

A business invests in new plant and equipment to generate additional revenues and income—the basis for its growth. One way to pay for investments is to generate capital from the company's operations. Earnings generated by the company belong to the owners and can either be paid to them—in the form of cash dividends—or plowed back into the company. The owners' investment in the company is referred to as owners' equity or, simply, equity. If earnings are plowed back into the company, the owners expect it to be invested in projects that will enhance the value of the company and, hence, enhance the value of their equity. But earnings may not be sufficient to support all profitable investment opportunities. In that case the firm is faced with a decision: forgo profitable investment opportunities or raise additional capital. A firm can raise new capital either by borrowing or by selling additional ownership interests or both. The mix of financing between debt and equity is called the capital structure decision. The capital structure decision affects the risk and the cost of capital of the firm and, hence affects the value of the firm. Keywords: capital structure decision; debt; equity; financial leverage; operating leverage; financial distress; interest tax shield; business risk; operating risk; sales risk; financial slack; agency relationship; cost of capital; financial flexibility; governance value of debt; agency relationship; pecking order; bankruptcy; bankruptcy costs; agency costs; monitoring costs; bonding costs; optimal capital structure
Multicenter clinical evaluation of a continuous monitoring blood culture system using fluorescent-sensor technology (BACTEC 9240)

The BACTEC 9240 (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Instrument Systems, Sparks, Md.) is a new continuous-monitoring blood culture system that uses internal, fluorescent-CO2 sensors. In a multicenter clinical trial, organism yield and times to detection with the prototype BACTEC 9240 system were compared with those of the BACTEC NR 660 system. Equal volumes of blood were inoculated into the bottles included in the study blood culture sets (aerobic and anaerobic 9240 and NR6A and NR7A bottles). A total of 9,391 aerobic and 8,951 anaerobic bottle pairs were inoculated with 9,801 blood specimens. A total of 587 clinically significant positive blood cultures and 415 cases of sepsis were studied. The standard 9240 aerobic bottle detected significantly more Staphylococcus aureus (P
Practice, Indeterminacy and Private Language: Wittgenstein's Dissolution of Scepticism*

Reconstruction des arguments de Wittgenstein contre le scepticisme exposes dans « Investigations philosophiques » et « Sur la certitude »
The β2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline suppresses experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats

Abstract Treatment of rats with experimental allergic neuritis with the β 2 -adrenergic agonist terbutaline suppresses clinical symptoms, decreases demyelination and Wallerian degeneration in peripheral nerves and improves electrophysiological parameters. Treatment is highly effective when given from the time of immunization through the acute phase of illness, when given for the first 12 days after immunization and also when given after the onset of the disease.
Surface fluid registration of conformal representation: application to detect disease burden and genetic influence on hippocampus.

In this paper, we develop a new automated surface registration system based on surface conformal parameterization by holomorphic 1-forms, inverse consistent surface fluid registration, and multivariate tensor-based morphometry (mTBM). First, we conformally map a surface onto a planar rectangle space with holomorphic 1-forms. Second, we compute surface conformal representation by combining its local conformal factor and mean curvature and linearly scale the dynamic range of the conformal representation to form the feature image of the surface. Third, we align the feature image with a chosen template image via the fluid image registration algorithm, which has been extended into the curvilinear coordinates to adjust for the distortion introduced by surface parameterization. The inverse consistent image registration algorithm is also incorporated in the system to jointly estimate the forward and inverse transformations between the study and template images. This alignment induces a corresponding deformation on the surface. We tested the system on Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) baseline dataset to study AD symptoms on hippocampus. In our system, by modeling a hippocampus as a 3D parametric surface, we nonlinearly registered each surface with a selected template surface. Then we used mTBM to analyze the morphometry difference between diagnostic groups. Experimental results show that the new system has better performance than two publicly available subcortical surface registration tools: FIRST and SPHARM. We also analyzed the genetic influence of the Apolipoprotein E∈4 allele (ApoE4), which is considered as the most prevalent risk factor for AD. Our work successfully detected statistically significant difference between ApoE4 carriers and non-carriers in both patients of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy control subjects. The results show evidence that the ApoE genotype may be associated with accelerated brain atrophy so that our work provides a new MRI analysis tool that may help presymptomatic AD research.
Measuring corporate social performance: The problem of values

Abstract Debates over the social performance of corporations have carried with them implicit evaluations of that performance. The apparent subjectivity and bias of these informal evaluations has led to the development of more formalized corporate social performance assessment methodologies — social audits. In this paper it is argued that these social audits are also influenced by subjectivity and bias considerations; and thru the case study of a social audit of a corporate safety program, the underlying value issues at the core of these influences are explored. The value implications of the various social audit methodologies in use are discussed; and several value sensitive stages/elements of social audit research and evaluation research in general are identified. Recommendations set forth for minimizing the negative consequences of value-influenced evaluations are a value-explicit evaluation approach, greater standardization of evaluation procedures, a dialectic evaluation approach, and better informed evaluation consumers.
Distorted black holes.

All exact solutions of Einstein’s equation that represent static, axisymmetric black holes distorted by an external matter distribution are obtained. Their structure—local and global—is examined. The Hawking temperature is derived and laws of thermodynamics given for both the total system of black hole and external matter and the black hole considered as a single system. The evolution, induced by Hawking radiation, of distorted black holes is discussed.
Pediatric follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal monitoring techniques

A controlled prospective study was conducted to evaluate possible effects of the use of three intrapartum fetal monitoring techniques on the offspring of high-risk mothers in labor after at least 34 weeks' gestation. Six hundred and ninety women were randomly assigned to one of the three monitoring groups: auscultation alone, electronic monitoring alone, and electronic monitoring with option to obtain fetal scalp pH. There were no significant differences among the three groups of offspring with respect to neonatal mortality or morbidity, Apgar scores, cord blood gas values, or Brazelton examinations at ages 2 to 3 days. Assessment of the infants at 9 months revealed no significant differences in their growth and development as assessed by physical examination, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and Milani-Comparetti tests. The frequency of delivery by cesarean section was significantly higher in the electronically monitored group than in the auscultated group. This study failed to show beneficial effects of electronic fetal monitoring over auscultated monitoring for high-risk but relatively mature fetuses.
Canine gastric muscarinic receptors up-regulate after vagotomy

Postvagotomy (PV) gastroparesis is an infrequent but troublesome problem. To test the hypothesis that the rarity of the PV syndrome is due to compensatory up-regulation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChR), we measured changes in stomach mAChR and gastric acid secretion in dogs before and three weeks after truncal vagotomy. Maximum acid output dropped significantly one week PV and then partially recovered by three weeks PV. mAChR density changed in parallel and was significantly increased in body mucosa, body muscle, and antrum mucosa. In the body, changes in mAChR in mucosa correlated positively with changes in muscle, suggesting that mAChR binding in pinch biopsies of gastric mucosa might become useful in evaluating patients for postvagotomy syndrome. PV up-regulation of mAChR in the mucosa of the canine gastric body might explain PV recovery of gastric acid secretion.
“A Perilous Venture for Democracy”: Soldiers, Sexual Purity, and American Citizenship in the First World War

This essay examines the influence of the social purity movement on the U.S. government's campaign to protect servicemen from the temptations of drink and illicit sex during World War I. This influence had been forged in the context of U.S. imperialism in the two decades prior to American entry into the war, as purity reformers linked the sexual morality and temperance of soldiers serving in occupied territories overseas to racial purity and national character at home. War Department policymakers who were allied with the purity movement likewise understood male moral restraint and sexual self-control to underpin democratic self-governance. This linkage between civic virtue and moral virtue was especially problematic at the outset of the war, as many native-born Americans (progressive policymakers included) questioned whether all members of the ethnically and racially diverse nation had the capacity for self-government. The goals of social purity and wartime policymakers were thus aligned as the War Department launched its crusade against liquor and sexual vice within the military. Government officials required moral sobriety of servicemen in order to remake the body politic. But even as they demanded virtuous conduct from the man in uniform, they simultaneously infantilized the “soldier lad” in their effort to safeguard him.
Comparative systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine

Abstract Dopamine and dobutamine are sympathomimetic amines with divergent peripheral vascular actions. The renal, mesenteric, and femoral vascular and total systemic hemodynamic effects of these amines were compared in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Both agents increased myocardial contractility. Infusion rates of dopamine greater than 5 μg per kilogram per minute increased mean aortic pressure. Dobutamine increased the systolic pressure but did not alter mean aortic pressure. Dobutamine increased cardiac output more than dopamine. Dopamine infusions up to 10 μg per kilogram per minute increased renal and mesenteric blood flow and decreased vascular resistance. Dobutamine had negligible effects on the renal or mesenteric blood flow but produced dose-related increases in femoral blood flow. Dopamine did not significantly alter femoral hemodynamics. These results more clearly define the systemic and regional vascular hemodynamic effects of these agents.
Growth and properties of sputtered high-T/sub c/ oxide thin films

Superconducting YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ films of thicknesses ranging from 500 AA to 5 mu m have been successfully made by the reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The effects of composition, annealing condition, and thickness of an epitaxial film on its orientation are discussed. films show anisotropic resistivities and critical-current densities that are orientation-dependent. >
Cytokinins: Synthesis of 2-, 8-, and 2,8-substituted 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purines and their relative activities in promoting cell growth

Abstract We have synthesized 2- and 8-monosubstituted and 2,8-disubstituted derivatives of the cytokinin 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine (N6-isopentenyladenine) and have shown the dependence of growth-promoting activity in the tobacco bioassay upon the position, number, and type of substituent. The representative substituent groups were MeS, Me, MeSO2, C6H5CH2S, HS and Cl. The 8-methyl derivative was exceptional in being more active than the unsubstituted parent compound. In general, substitution in the 8-position decreases activity less than substitution in the 2-position, with the exception of the electron-attracting methylsulfonyl. Substitution in both the 2- and 8-positions lowers the activity more than substitution at either single position on the adenine nucleus, with the exception of the 2,8-dimethyl derivative. The chloro and methylthio derivatives show activity in the same range as the methyl derivatives, and the mercapto compounds, which exist mainly as CS tautomers, show somewhat less activity than the corresponding methylthio compounds. Bulky (C6H5CH2S and MeSO2) and strongly electron-attracting (MeSO2) substituents cause relatively great reduction in cytokinin activity.
Cloning of a gene associated with aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus.

A cosmid library was constructed by inserting genomic DNA isolated from a wild-type aflatoxin-producing strain of Aspergillus parasiticus (SU-1) into a cosmid vector containing an homologous nitrate reductase (niaD) gene as a selectable marker. One cosmid was isolated which complemented an aflatoxin-deficient, nitrate-nonutilizing mutant strain, A. parasiticus B62 (nor-1, niaD), to aflatoxin production. Deletion and complementation analyses showed that, a 1.7 kb BglII-SphI DNA fragment isolated form this cosmid was responsible for renewed aflatoxin production. Northern hybridization analyses revealed that the major RNA transcribed from this DNA fragment, was 1.4 kilonucleotides in size. Genetic complementation, proved to be a useful strategy for cloning a gene associated with aflatoxin biosynthesis in A. parasiticus.
Representation and Analysis Challenges in Design for Part-Reuse: An Automotive Case Study

Product Platform and Product Family Design is reshaping the way that many companies develop products. But how well are the CAD and PLM technologies keeping pace with this advancement? This paper presents data from a three month ethnographic study of an expert automotive body engineer. His assignment is to modify the design of an existing body structural member for use in the next-generation vehicle. The modification was necessitated by manufacturability issues. Observations and subsequent interviews revealed that manipulation time, model reuse and representation of part interfaces (such as welds) presented challenges to the body engineer and collaborating analysis engineers. Despite re-use of a physical part, the engineer had to create a new CAD model. The redesign involved breaking the original part into two pieces. The engineer sketched initial design concepts on paper because manipulation time in the CAD system was so lengthy. After determining the design concept, the engineer created a new CAD model, including new weld locations, and passed it along to analysis engineers for stiffness and crashworthiness FEA testing. Hand-offs between design and analysis engineers were challenged by the PLM system. The paper ends by making recommendations for improving CAD and PLM tools.Copyright © 2007 by General Motors Corp.
Computer techniques in correlation and spectral analyses of cerebral slow waves during discriminative behavior

Data reducing and computing techniques have been applied to EEG records taken during training from five cats with implanted electrodes and having records typical of seventy-five other implanted animals. Implanted electrodes were placed in dorsal and ventral parts of the hippocampal arch, the adjacent entorhinal cortex, and in subcortical areas, including subthalamus and mesencephalic reticular formation, and in visual and sensorimotor cortex. Animals were trained in T-maze approach and in delayed response tests, both to food rewards. EEG records were manually digitzed for presentation to a digital computer (IBM 709). Inherent rhythmicity of hippocampal records was examined in auto-correlations in “waiting” records prior to approach performance, and during approach. Pre-approach records showed a wide spectrum, with a 3 or 4 cycles/sec dominant frequency. Approach records showed a dominant frequency in a narrow range at 6 cycles/sec. Cross-correlations of approach records from different parts of the hippocampal arch in the fully trained animal showed a highly consistent phase pattern in different correct trials on the same day, and on different days. By contrast, incorrect responses were characterized by a markedly different phase pattern, which was consistent for the incorrect responses on different days. Lability of frequencies in extrahippocampal slow-wave bursts during approach minimized the value of simple cross-correlation analysis. More comprehensive cross-spectral analysis has been initiated and represents an innovation in EEG data analysis. It has confirmed phase pattern shifts between records of correct and incorrect responses. The possible role of wave processes in cerebral systems in integration and transfer of information is discussed.
Nondestructive characterization of defects using a novel hybrid ultrasonic array sensor

The concept of a novel hybrid array transducer is introduced in this article. Based on the principles of dynamic beam steering and ultrasonic shadowing, a transducer consisting of an assembly of a linear phased array and a static array is developed. Using a dynamic pitch-catch configuration, the transducer is capable of determining the location, size and orientation of a planar defect without scanning or relocating the transducer. A theoretical shadow analysis carried out in this work allows for developing a scheme to characterize a single defect. To demonstrate the feasibility of the technique, a rail specimen with real defect has been assessed. This scheme proves to be a viable approach for characterizing transverse defects (TD) with good accuracy.
Recent Advances in Oil Spill Response Technologies

This paper discusses recent advances ExxonMobil has made in oil spill response technologies for large spills in dynamic ice conditions; however, much of the work has application in all environments. We have developed a new dispersant that is effective at much lower dosages than currently available products. For ice conditions, we have developed a concept to utilize the propellar wash of response vessels to supply the necessary energy to more effectively disperse dispersant-treated oil. In situ-burning has undergone extensive evaluation as an oil spill response option including a multi-year joint-industry research project evaluating a concept to enhance in situ burning in ice using chemical herders. Recent research indicates that chemical herders can also enhance in situ burning in open water. In addition, we have initiated research on a novel concept to use oleophilic skimmers in conjunction with mini floating incinerators to allow immediate in situ burning. We are also studying tools to enhance our ability to remotely detect and track oil slicks on the water surface as well as underneath ice. For oil under ice, we have been studying the use of a helicopter-mounted nuclear magnetic resonance sensor to detect, track, and map oil location and relative density. We are also studying methods to detect and determine the thickness of oil slicks using remotely controlled helicopters.
Organic and organometallic compounds in estuarine sediments from the Gulf of Mexico (1993-1994)

Sediment samples from 281 estuarine sites in the Gulf of Mexico were collected in 1993–1994 and analyzed for several classes of organic and organometallic compounds as part of the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the contaminant class found most frequently and in the highest concentrations; the sum of 24 congeners (ΣPAHs) ranged from <5 ng g−1 to 15.500 ng g−1 (dry wt basis). A low percentage of samples (3.9%) exceeded 2000 ng g−1 ΣPAHs, and only six samples (2.1%) exceeded 4000 ng g−1, a level above which adverse biological effects may be expected to occur. Less than 4% of sediments exceeded 20 ng g−1 for the sum of 20 polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs) and only four samples (1.4%) exceeded 20 ng g−1 for the sum of several organochlorine pesticides (ΣOCPs). A sample from Freeport Harbor, Texas, contained 4230 ng g−1 ΣPAHs, 322 ng g−1 ΣPCBs, and 49.6 ng g−1 ΣOCPs. Tributyltin exceeded 100 ng g−1 in only four samples, all of which were from stations in Corpus Christi Bay or Galveston Bay in Texas. The detection of a suite of organophosphate pesticides was very rare and did not exceed 15 ng g−1. Sediments from the tidally influenced section of the Mississippi River in Louisiana contained low to moderate levels of all classes of organic compounds. The most contaminated sites were in urban estuaries (e.g., Corpus Christi, Galveston, and Pensacola (Florida bays), underscoring the need to concentrate future monitoring and assessment efforts at the regional and local level.
Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development: A Study in Social Psychology

James Mark Baldwin (1861-1934) was one of American psychology's seminal thinkers. His biosocial theory of mind, elaborated in "Mental Development in the Child and the Race" and in "Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development", influenced thinkers as diverse as Piaget, Vygotsky, and Mead. His empirical research, republished with important philosophical papers in "Fragments in Philosophy and Science", helped create a standard for rigorous objective procedure and a functionalist attitude within the newly emerging science. His concept of organic selection, elaborated in papers brought together in "Development and Evolution" and further discussed in "Darwin and the Humanities", intoduced a mechanism into evolution theory whereby the effects of acquired adaptations could be taken into account within violating principles of natural selection. His approach to the development of individual minds in social relationship, summarized in "The Individual and Society", helped not only to found American social psychology but to give its uniquely individualistic cast. Finally, his genetic epistemology, given final form in "Genetic Theory of Reality", outlined a theory of mental operations culminating in aesthetic experience. Importantly, during the 1990s, Baldwin studies have undergone a small renaissance, especially as his relationship to Piaget and Vygotsky has been explored. This has created a market for Baldwin materials that this collection should help to fill. Selected here are the best editions of seven key writings, both landmark works and never reprinted essays.
Meme tags and community mirrors: moving from conferences to collaboration

Meme Tags are part of a body of research on GroupWear: a wearable technology that supports people in the formative stages of cooperative work. Conference participants wear Meme Tags that allow them to electronically share memes—succinct ideas or opinions—with each other. Alongside of the person-toperson transactions, a server system collects information about the memetic exchanges and reflects it back to the conference-goers in Community Mirrors—large, public video displays that present real-time visualizations of the unfolding community dynamics. This paper presents results from a proof-of-concept trial of the Meme Tag technology undertaken at a MIT Media Laboratory conference.
Personal and Civic Education in the Northern Ireland Primary Curriculum: Teachers' Perspectives.

This paper presents the findings from a survey of Primary One and Primary Five teachers' experiences of delivering the new learning area personal development and mutual understanding (PDMU) in its first year of implementation in the Northern Ireland Curriculum, September 2007–June 2008. The study was funded by St Mary's University College, Belfast. The survey was based on a postal questionnaire sent out to a stratified sample of 350 primary schools in October 2008 and explored the following aspects of PDMU: training and resources; teaching methodologies; assessment; and implementation and outcomes. The findings suggest that teachers are on the whole successfully implementing PDMU in accordance with the guidance from the Council for Curriculum Examination and Assessment, and that the impact on the pupils, classroom and school has been beneficial. Constraints are nonetheless identified of time, training and teacher confidence. The conclusion confirms the consensus on the importance of PDMU; however, more re...
Effects of fluid viscosity on band segregation dynamics in bidisperse granular slurries.

Parallel experiments in long, axially rotated cylinders are used to study the influence of interstitial fluid viscosity on particle segregation in bidisperse granular slurries. A uniformly mixed initial state segregates into surface bands, which alternate between regions of large particles and regions composed of a mixture of small and large particles. As the tumbler rotates, the relative area of the mixed particle bands increases and saturates, while the number of bands reaches a peak and then decreases logarithmically in time for all viscosities studied. With increasing interstitial fluid viscosity, the asymptotic mixed band area increases proportionally, the time for bands to appear at the surface decreases, and the peak number of bands goes through a maximum at a viscosity of $\ensuremath{\sim}3\text{ }\text{cP}$. Extrapolation to the low-viscosity limit matches the data for dry granular systems; at the high-end viscosity there is a value beyond which no axial banding occurs. A heuristic mechanism based on the coexistence of pure and mixed particle phases and their dependence on viscosity is presented to rationalize key aspects of the results.
Isolation, characterization, and distribution of two cDNAs encoding for growth hormone receptor in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Growth hormone (GH) plays important roles in a vast array of physiological processes, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction. In this study, cDNAs for two unique growth hormone receptor variants were cloned and sequenced from rainbow trout. The two cDNAs, one consisting of 2920 bp and the other of 2820 bp, share 87.2% identity in nucleotide sequence and 85.5% identity in deduced amino acid sequence and presumably arose through gene duplication. The cDNAs encode for putative 593- and 594-amino acid growth hormone receptors (designated GHR1 and GHR2, respectively), each containing a single transmembrane domain and other motifs characteristic of the receptor family. Both GHR1 and GHR2 mRNAs were present in all tissues examined. Trout GHR mRNAs are differentially expressed, both in terms of abundance among tissues and in terms of abundance within selected tissues. GHR1 was more abundant than GHR2 in the brain, whereas GHR2 was more abundant than GHR1 in pancreas and spleen. These findings expand our understanding of the evolution of the GH receptor family and suggest that independent mechanisms serve to regulate the tissue-specific expression of GHR mRNAs.
Frequency and correlates of co-morbid psychosis and depression in Parkinson's disease

Though both psychosis and depression are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), it is not clear if an association between the two disorders exists. One hundred and thirty PD patients were divided into four groups based on a comprehensive psychiatric assessment: (1) no depression or psychosis (47.7%); (2) psychosis only (16.2%); (3) depression only (26.2%); and (4) psychosis and depression (10.0%). Co-morbid psychosis and depression did not occur more frequently than expected by chance (P=.77). Psychosis was associated with dopamine agonist use (P=.02), depression with mild-cognitive impairment (P=.03), and their co-occurrence with higher daily levodopa dosages (P<.01). These results suggest that psychosis and depression in PD are distinct neurobehavioral disorders.
On natural inflation

We reexamine the model of natural inflation, in which the inflaton potential is flat due to shift symmetries. The original version of the model, where the inflaton is a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson with potential of the form V({phi})={lambda}{sup 4}[1{+-}cos({phi}/f)], is studied in light of recent data. We find that the model is alive and well. Successful inflation as well as data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe require f>0.6m{sub Pl} (where m{sub Pl}=1.22x10{sup 19} GeV) and {lambda}{approx}m{sub GUT} (where m{sub GUT}{approx}10{sup 16} GeV), scales which can be accommodated in particle physics models. The detectability of tensor modes from natural inflation in upcoming microwave background experiments is discussed. We find that natural inflation predicts a tensor/scalar ratio within reach of future observations.
‘Like man and wife’: clerics’ concubines in the diocese of Barcelona

Clerical concubinage was a persistent problem throughout the Middle Ages, but scholars have largely ignored the historical experience of the women involved. Parish visitation records from the early fourteenth-century diocese of Barcelona reveal a wealth of information about these women. Although their lives were in part circumscribed by an inherently gendered legal category, their day-to-day lives and interactions with other members of their communities depended on more than their legal status, and were in fact as diverse as those of women in legitimate marital unions.
Cerebrovascular complications of cardiac catheterization

Abstract Cerebrovascular accidents are rare but known complications from both diagnostic and therapeutic cardiac catheterization. These complications may be temporary or permanent and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We describe the more common of these complications and discuss their physiologic basis.
From a new smell to a new flavour mixing, CP violation and new physics

Abstract Using the preliminary data on B d B d mixing from ARGUS, and the standard model with three families, we infer a lower bound on the top quark mass of 50–70 GeV; also, B s B s mixing has to be close to maximal. We discuss how the prospects for observing CP violation in B 0 decays are enhanced and sketch alternative scenarios for new physics.
Evaluation of in vivo total and regional air content and distribution in primate lungs with high-resolution CT

Rationale and Objectives. The authors sought to determine whether gray-scale quantitative information from high-resolution computed tomography (CT) could reliably yield estimates of lung air content and help determine changes in air content with lung inflation and deflation. Materials and Methods. High-resolution CT images ( n = 40) of lungs of two anesthetized monkeys were obtained after inflation with known air volumes. Percentage air content was calculated for each voxel, and lung volumes and patterns of air distribution were determined. Results. When corrected for pressure and temperature, high-resolution CT-based volumes correlated closely with inflation volumes ( r = 99; standard error = 3.4%). Patterns of regional change in air content demonstrated known patterns of ventilation. Conclusion. Although the high-spatial-frequency algorithm used in high-resolution CT enhances edges of structures and improves visualization of anatomic detail, gray-scale values from the same high-resolution CT data set remain a reliable index of regional lung attenuation.
Using Statistical Regressions to Identify Factors Influencing PM2.5 Concentrations: The Pittsburgh Supersite as a Case Study

Using data from the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study, we find that temperature, relative humidity, their squared terms, and their interactions explain much of the variation in airborne concentrations of PM 2.5 in the city. Factors that do not appreciably influence the concentrations over a full year include wind direction, inverse mixing height, UV radiation, SO 2 , O 3 , and season of the year. Comparison with similar studies of PM 2.5 in other cities suggests that the relative importance of different factors can vary greatly. Temperature and relative humidity are important factors in both Pittsburgh and New York City, and synoptic scale meteorology influencing these two sites can explain much of the pattern in PM 2.5 concentrations which peak in the summer. However, PM 2.5 levels in other cities have different seasonal patterns and are affected by a number of other factors, and thus the results presented here cannot be generalized to other locations without additional study.
Automatic Checkout Systems for Titan III and Apollo Guidance Computer Programs

The Automatic Checkout Systems (ACS) were designed and used for the Titan III and Apollo Projects. This article describes the logical design of new approaches to program checkout and the results achieved. These checkout systems are a series of programs written for a large scale commercial computer. When a program for the airborne computer of the inertial guidance system is operated on by the ACS, it performs a symbolic simulation and generates the symbolic equations (A=B+C×D) that are performed by the airborne computer program. The ACS performs many checks for program errors in this process, indicates all areas where program analysis is required, and furnishes the program information required for analysis in optimum form. The equations generated by the ACS are manually checked against the input specification. This check is absolute in nature compared to the conventional method of analyzing the results of numerical simulations. Time consumed on the large scale commercial computer is much less than for numerical simulation.
Technical reports and non-depository publications

Bibliographie des rapports techniques rediges par les agences federales du gouvernement americain, de juin 1986 a juin 1987, et qui sont repertories dans le richier NTIS (National Technical Information Service)
Cortical bone health shows significant linkage to chromosomes 2p, 3p, and 17q in 10-year-old children

Genes play an important role in lifelong skeletal health. Genes that influence bone building during childhood have the potential to affect bone health not only throughout childhood but also into adulthood. Given that peak bone mass is a significant predictor of adult fracture risk, it is imperative that the genetic underpinnings of the normal pediatric skeleton are uncovered. In a sample of 600 10-year-old children from 144 families in the Fels Longitudinal Study, we examined radiographic cortical bone measures of the second metacarpal. Morphometic measurements included bone width, medial and lateral cortical thicknesses, and the calculated cortical index representing the amount of cortex relative to bone width. We then conducted genome-wide linkage analysis on these traits in 440 genotyped individuals using the SOLAR analytic platform. Significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for bone traits on three separate chromosomes. A QTL for medial cortical thickness was localized to chromosome 2p25.2. A QTL for lateral cortical thickness was localized to chromosomal region 3p26.1-3p25.3. Finally, a QTL detected for cortical index was localized to the 17q21.2 chromosomal region. Each region contains plausible candidate genes for pediatric skeletal health, some of which confirm findings from studies of adulthood bone, and for others represent novel candidate genes for skeletal health.
Effect of postmortem ischemia on the function of adult rat islets following pancreatic transplantation

Abstract Pancreata from adult rats were subjected to in situ postmortem ischemia at ambient temperature for between 90 and 360 minutes before syngeneic transplantation into diabetic recipients. Islet function, determined by recipient blood glucose and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, was not significantly different from that observed in nonischemic controls after up to 300 minutes of such an insult. Transplantation led to death of pancreata subjected to 360 minutes of ischemia in four of five recipients. Clinical and experimental implications are discussed.
China's Attempt To Absorbe Christianity

"That there may be conformity with what has been decided; Respect this! Churches of the Catholic religion, the propagation of which has long since been authorized by the Imperial Government, having now been built in all the provinces of China, we desire to see the people anid the Christians live in peace, and, in order to render the protection more easy, it has been agreed that the local authorities shall exchange visits with the missionaries under the conditions indicated below:1.In the different degrees of the ecclesiastical hierarchy, the Bishops being, in rank and dignity, the equals of Viceroys and Governors, it is expedient that they be authorized to demand to see the Viceroy and the Governor.
Partial Hydrogenation of C2H2 on Ag-Doped Pt Nanoparticles

Pt nanoparticles (NPs) with submonolayer Ag coverage were synthesized and catalytically tested to investigate the effects of surface Ag and NP shape on C2H2 hydrogenation activity and selectivity. Various NP shapes (cubes, cuboctahedra, and octahedra) in the 6–8 nm range were synthesized using colloidal methods with PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) as a capping ligand and Ag+ for structure direction. Solid-state 13C NMR of PVP–NP interactions, as well as electrochemical measurements of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, revealed that submonolayer levels of Ag significantly modify both the physical and electronic structure of the Pt NP surface. Octahedral NP catalysts with 0.5 monolayers of Ag were found to be highly selective for C2H2-to-C2H4 hydrogenation (C2H4/C2H6 >8) at reaction rates comparable to total hydrogenation on pure Pt. Traditionally prepared PtAg catalysts synthesized via incipient wetness showed analogously high selectivities but lower site time yields compared to NPs. In contrast, total ...
Finite volume effects in SU(2) lattice gauge theories

Abstract Monte Carlo methods are used to investigate finite volume effects in an SU(2) gauge theory formulated on a hypercubical lattice. As a consequence of the finite volume of the lattice, a deconfining phase transition analogous to the finite temperature phase transition is observed. The critical temperature is consistent with the value obtained by similar studies on asymmetric lattices. The importance of using large lattices in Monte Carlo simulation is emphasized.
Limitation of structural scan delay test

Beyond the traditional stuck-at fault model, there are transition fault model and path delay model, followed by many, many other fault models that have appeared over the years. Transition model essentially define a node that is slow to rise or slow to fall and that this slow transition make its way to a primary output. Meanwhile path delay fault is more precise and define that a slow event be propagated along specific paths to a particular primary output. Due to their name (transition/delay) and nature, these fault models would appear to detect structural delay faults (whether it is process induced or delay defect induced). There is a general belief in the industry that achieving good coverage with these models would guarantee high product quality.
Measurements of inertial limit Alfvén wave dispersion for finite perpendicular wave number.

Measurements of the dispersion relation for shear Alfv\'en waves as a function of perpendicular wave number are reported for the inertial regime for which ${V}_{A}g{V}_{Te}$. The parallel phase velocity and damping are determined as ${k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ varies and the measurements are compared to theoretical predictions. The comparison shows that the best agreement between theory and experiment is achieved for a fully complex plasma dispersion relation which includes the effects of electron collisions.
Chemical Transformations of Buddleja davidii Lignin during Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment

Detailed chemical structural elucidation of ethanol organosolv lignin (EOL) of Buddleja davidii was performed to determine the fundamental structure released from an ethanol organosolv pretreatment (EOP). Several nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques were used to analyze the structure of EOL, including quantitative 13C, 31P NMR, and qualitative DEPT-135 13C, 2D 1H−13C correlation NMR. As revealed by NMR, the aryl-O-ether linkage (β-O-4′) of lignin was extensively cleaved via homolysis during pretreatment and led to the formation of stilbene structures. Other linkages, such as resinol (β-β′) and phenylcoumaran (β-5′), were resistant to degradation. The high degree of condensation of EOL indicated that condensation reactions occurred but did not impede the delignification efficiency of EOP. Both guaiacyl and syringyl lignin were found to be reactive toward condensation during pretreatment. The results from gel-permeation chromatography showed that the degree of polymerization (DP) of lignin significan...
The temporal dynamics of new international borders

Borders are perhaps the most significant institutions in international relations. A massive literature demonstrates that border disputes fundamentally affect the character of relations between disp...
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of “Unligated” Copper(I) and Copper(II) Trifluoroacetates

Two extremely unstable copper trifluoroacetates with no exogenous ligands, namely, Cu(O2CCF3) (1) and Cu(O2CCF3)2 (2), are prepared for the first time and obtained in crystalline form by deposition from the vapor phase. Their structures are determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographic parameters are as follows: for 1, monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 9.7937(6) A, b = 15.322(1) A, c = 12.002(1) A, beta = 106.493(9) degrees, and Z = 4; for 2, orthorhombic space group Pcca, with a = 16.911(1) A, b = 10.5063(9) A, c = 9.0357(6) A, and Z = 4. Both structures are unique among other CuI and CuII carboxylates, as well as among metal carboxylates in general. Compound 1 consists of a planar rhombus of four copper atoms with sides of 2.719(1)-2.833(1) A and trifluoroacetate ligands bridging the pairs of adjacent metal atoms alternately above and below the plane. The tetrameric units are further aggregated in a polymeric zigzag ribbon [Cu4(O2CCF3)4]infinity by virtue of intermolecular Cu...O contacts. The structure of 2 is built on cis bis-bridged dimers in which every metal atom is also connected with two copper atoms of the neighboring units. The stacking planes in this extended chain are almost perpendicular to one another. The Cu...Cu distance inside the dimer is 3.086(2) A, indicating a nonbonding interaction.
Filament interaction with micro-water droplets

The interaction of a laser filament with micro-sized water droplets was studied to further understand the energy dissipation of filaments in aerosol media. The analysis of the shockwave formation allows the quantification of the energy balance during the interaction and discuss the survival of filaments in perturbed propagation media.
Congenital atresia of the intestine in a premature infant

C ONGENITAL atresia of the gastrointestinal tract is an extremely rare anomaly occurring, according to most esthnates, about once in twenty thousand births. Arnhehn 1 tabulated the results of infants treated surgically and reported in the literature from 1911 to ]943. These eases were in infants ranging in age from one hour to 8 days. All were treated by primary anastomosis. Miller 2 stated that primary anastomosis is tile surgical procedure of choice and that primary ileostomy offered absolutely no chance for recovery. That this attitude is well established as authoritative is borne out by a cursory review of the literature. Erb and Smith 3 reported two eases, one with multiple atresias treated by primary anastomosis. Miller, Grecngaard, Rayeroft, and McFadden also reported successful treatment of two cases in this manner. Duncan, Wearn, Jackson, and Waldron 5 successfully treated multiple atresias in a premature infant by short-circuiting anastomosis. Fieeara and Degen G reported a patient who died of meeonium ]oeritonitis after operation. James R. Judd ~ reported the first sueees:sful ease cured by ileostomy alone. A full-term Chinese female infant showed signs of intestinal obstruction following the first feeding. Surgery w~s done in four stages. Supportive measures in the form of blood, vitamins, antibiotics, and parentcral fluids were vigorously employed. This case finds a close para]lel in the following report in a premature infant treated successfully by primary ileostomy.