cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The firing characteristics of a triggered vacuum gap below 1 kv

While the triggered vacuum gap is well suited to performing switching functions at high voltage, its high current-carrying ability, low arc drop and relative ease of firing make it useful at low voltage as well. The firing characteristics of this device were therefore studied in the range 100 to 1000 volts. Results showed that the gap could be consistently fired with a trigger current of 10 amperes in a time less than a micro second. Although little or no dependence of firing time on the voltage across the main electrodes was found, at least 250 volts across the main gap was required in order that a stable metal vapor arc could be reliably established. Throughout this study the polarity of the trigger current as well as that of the main gap. voltage were found to have a marked effect on the firing characteristics at low voltage.
Sexual relationships, secondary syringe exchange, and gender differences in HIV risk among drug injectors.

Injection drug use continues to place women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through both risky injecting practices and risky sexual behavior with male injection drug users (IDUs). Although attendance at syringe-exchange programs (SEPs) is protective against HIV, a recent study found that women attending SEPs who exchanged syringes for other people (secondary exchange) were at greater risk for HIV seroconversion, potentially through risky sexual behavior. We examined this question in a sample of 531 IDUs (175 women and 356 men) attending 23 SEPs in California in 2001. Findings indicated that women were more likely than men to engage in secondary exchange and were more likely to have IDU sexual partners. In multivariate analysis among women, secondary exchange was independently associated with distributive syringe sharing, not engaging in receptive sharing, and not exchanging sex for money or drugs. Multivariate analysis among men found that having an IDU sexual partner was associated with secondary exchange. Women’s sexual risk behavior was not associated with secondary exchange, and although women’s secondary exchange was associated with individual protection for injection-related behaviors, it may increase network risk. More information on network members is needed to understand gender differences in secondary exchange.
A Lagrangian relaxation technique for certain inventory models

Abstract This paper examines the n-item deterministic inventory model with one linear capacity constraint. An algorithm to compute the optimal Lagrange multiplier of the capacity constraint is presented. The results of a computational analysis conducted to test the performance of the algorithm are also included.
Revitalizing the computer science undergraduate curriculum inside and outside of the classroom using mobile computing platforms (abstract only)

Computer Science educators are constantly reinventing introductory CS0, CS1 and CS2 courses to retain students and increase their learning and motivation. While the focus on drawing students into Computer Science is vital to maintain enrollment, it is also paramount to sustain student motivation by using new pedagogical approaches, contextualized to how students learn, throughout the curriculum to develop technical and interpersonal skills. Many educators have developed one-off courses employing new technology or a project-driven approach to engage students and transfer ready industry skills. Yet, too few have woven a combination of pedagogical approaches sensitive to how students learn with in-demand technology and skills contiguously throughout the upper-level curriculum and tied it to opportunities outside of the classroom. In this poster, we present the initial results of a project with two aims to: (1) design, pilot, and offer new curriculum materials for three upper-level Computer Science courses using a mobile computing platform paired with pedagogical approaches sensitive to the learning styles of today's student; and, (2) develop out-of-classroom learning opportunities including mobile computing student seminars, externship opportunities and service-learning projects reinforcing in-classroom technical skills. We believe that these two components synergistically, can be leveraged to revitalize the undergraduate Computer Science curriculum, better motivate student learning and provide in-demand technical skills to students without losing the fundamental Computer Science concepts. This project is partially supported by NSF DUE#1140781.
Balancing design and technology to tackle global grand challenges

There are many urgent problems facing the planet: a degrading environment, a healthcare system in crisis, and educational systems that are failing to produce creative, innovative thinkers to solve tomorrow's problems. Technology influences behavior, and I believe when we balance it with revolutionary design, we can reduce a family's energy and water use by 50%, double most people's daily physical activity, and educate any child anywhere in the world to a level of proficiency on par with the planet's best students. My research program tackles these grand challenges by using a new model of interdisciplinary research that takes a long view and encourages risk-taking and creativity. I will illustrate how we are addressing these grand challenges in our research by building systems that balance innovative user interfaces with novel activity inference technology. These systems have helped individuals stay fit, led families to be more sustainable in their everyday lives, and supported learners in acquiring second languages. I will also introduce the World Lab, a cross-cultural institute that embodies my balanced approach to attack the world's biggest problems today, while preparing the technology and design leaders of tomorrow.James Landay is a Professor of Information Science at Cornell Tech, specializing in human-computer interaction. He will become a Professor of Computer Science at Stanford in August, 2014. Previously, James was a Professor of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington. His current research interests include Technology to Support Behavior Change, Demonstrational Interfaces, Mobile & Ubiquitous Computing, and User Interface Design Tools. He is the founder and co-director of the World Lab, a joint research and educational effort with Tsinghua University in Beijing. Landay received his BS in EECS from UC Berkeley in 1990 and MS and PhD in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1993 and 1996, respectively. His PhD dissertation was the first to demonstrate the use of sketching in user interface design tools. He was previously the Laboratory Director of Intel Labs Seattle, a university affiliated research lab that explored the new usage models, applications, and technology for ubiquitous computing. He was also the chief scientist and co-founder of NetRaker, which was acquired by KeyNote Systems in 2004. From 1997 through 2003 he was a tenured professor in EECS at UC Berkeley. He was named to the ACM SIGCHI Academy in 2011. He currently serves on the NSF CISE Advisory Committee.
Experimental Study of the Aerodynamic Interaction Between an Enclosed-Wheel Racing-Car and Its Rear Wing

A quarter-scale model of an enclosed wheel racing car was tested using the elevated ground plane wind tunnel technique. To increase the aerodynamic down force, two longitudinal underbody channels were built into the vehicle's lower surface, and a rear wing was added. The effect of these underbody channels, and of wing angle of attack and position, on the vehicle's drag and down force was experimentally investigated
Analysis of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Transport Within a Curved Artery

To elucidate the mechanism of the effect of LDL concentration on the thickening of intima in a curved artery, LDL transport in each layer of the curved arterial wall is studied analytically. A comprehensive concentration distribution expression of LDL in each layer of the curved artery wall is presented along with the characterization and estimation of the effect of curvature on the growth of atherosclerosis within the arterial wall. The effect of curvature on species concentration distribution is analyzed and the results are thoroughly benchmarked against prior pertinent works. The concentration at the interface of lumen and endothelium will directly affect the concentration profile inside the arterial wall layers. The results show that the average concentration in the circumferential direction is actually decreasing in the axial direction for a curved artery compared with a straight artery. Small radius ratio and Reynolds number will augment the LDL accumulation at the lumen endothelium interface. The increase in concentration at the lumen/endothelium interface in the axial direction has a minor effect on the concentration profile at the other wall interface layers.
Ultralow-power all-optical processing of high-speed data signals in deposited silicon waveguides

Utilizing a 6-mm-long hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanowaveguide, we demonstrate error-free (BER < 10−9) 160-to-10 Gb/s OTDM demultiplexing using ultralow switching peak powers of 50 mW. This material is deposited at low temperatures enabling a path toward multilayer integration and therefore massive scaling of the number of devices in a single photonic chip.
Genetic analysis of a 9 kDa phycocyanin-associated linker polypeptide

The gene encoding LR9, a 9 kDa phycocyanin-associated linker polypeptide, was cloned from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 (Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6). This gene, termed cpcD, was located immediately 3' to cpcC, a gene which encodes another phycocyanin-associated linker, LR33. Mutation of cpcD by insertion led to the loss of LR9 as the only detectable change in phycobilisome composition. Cells and isolated phycobilisomes from the cpcD- strain did not detectably differ from the wild-type in absorption or steady-state fluorescence emission. Purified phycobilisomes from the wild-type and cpcD- strains were compared by electron microscopy. The number of phycocyanin discs in the rod substructures of the mutant was more variable than in the wild-type. Hence, one function of LR9 may be to minimize the heterogeneity of rod length, possibly by binding to the core-distal face of phycocyanin-LR33 complexes to prevent the tandem joining of such units. A mutant in which cpcD and cpcC-cpcD intergenic sequences are deleted shows a partial loss of LR33. Inverted repeats in this intergenic region may be required for optimal stability of the cpcC transcript.
Stretched-exponential relaxation at a self-similiar surface

The double-layer impedance at a rough electrode can be related to properties of random walks near the surface of that electrode. We apply this method to the calculation of the double-layer impedance at a self-similar electrode in two dimensions. We find that the impedance at a self-similar surface shows stretched-exponential behavior. At high frequencies, this behavior is similar to the experimentally observed constant phase-angle behavior, with an exponent determined by the multifractal properties of the surface.
Modulating the experimental signature of a stochastic gravitational wave background

Detecting a stationary, stochastic gravitational wave signal is complicated by the impossibility of observing the detector noise independently of the signal. One consequence is that we require at least two detectors to observe the signal, which will be apparent in the cross-correlation of the detector outputs. A corollary is that there remains a systematic error, associated with the possible presence of correlated instrumental noise, in any observation aimed at estimating or limiting a stochastic gravitational wave signal. Here we describe a method of identifying this systematic error by varying the orientation of one of the detectors, leading to separate and independent modulations of the signal and noise contribution to the cross-correlation. Our method can be applied to measurements of a stochastic gravitational wave background by the ALLEGRO-LIGO Livingston Observatory detector pair. We explore---in the context of this detector pair---how this new measurement technique is insensitive to a cross-correlated detector noise component that can confound a conventional measurement.
‘She’s White and She’s Hot, So She Can’t Be Guilty’: Female Criminality, Penal Spectatorship, and White Protectionism

Despite mainstream criminology’s burgeoning interest in issues of race, class, and gender, very little scholarship has examined whiteness and its attendant privileges in understanding public discourse on criminal offenders. This paper examines the role of penal spectatorship as a discursive mechanism by which white, female offenders are protected in public spaces by virtue of their racial and gender identity. Using a content analysis of comments posted on the mug shot images of white women on a popular ‘mug shot website,’ we find that these women are viewed as victims of circumstance deserving of empathy and redemption rather than as criminals. We offer ‘white protectionism’ as a means by which whites extend privilege and protection to other whites who transverse the boundaries of whiteness through criminality to guard against ‘deviant’ or ‘criminal’ designations. These findings add to our understandings of penal spectatorship as yet another tool of white supremacy operating in the Post-Civil Rights era o...
Assessment of dysfunctional beliefs in borderline personality disorder

This study had two aims: to test the hypothesis that borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients hold numerous dysfunctional beliefs associated with a variety of Axis II disorders, and to construct a BPD belief scale which captures these beliefs. Beliefs were measured using the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ) which is designed to assess beliefs associated with various personality disorders, although not specifically BPD. Eighty-four BPD patients and 204 patients with other personality disorders (OPD) were randomly split into two study samples. Fourteen PBQ items were found to discriminate BPD from OPD patients in both samples. These items came from the PBQ Dependent, Paranoid, Avoidant, and Histrionic scales and reflect themes of dependency, helplessness, distrust, fears of rejection/abandonment/losing emotional control, and extreme attention-seeking behavior. A BPD beliefs scale constructed from these items showed good internal consistency and diagnostic validity among the 288 study patients. The scale may be used to assist in diagnosis and cognitive therapy of BPD.
Heterophil functional responses to dietary immunomodulators vary in genetically distinct chicken lines.

Abstract The effect of dietary supplementation of immunomodulators on in vitro chicken heterophil function was investigated using three diverse genetic lines of chickens (broiler, Fayoumi, and Leghorn). Dietary supplementation with β-glucan, ascorbic acid, and corticosterone was fed from 8 to 11 weeks of age. Heterophil function was evaluated weekly during supplementation using phagocytosis, bacterial killing, and heterophil extracellular traps (HETs)-DNA release. Fayoumis fed the basal diet had significantly higher HETs-DNA release (P = 0.002) than Leghorns and broilers. Both genetic line and immunomodulator diet supplementation had significant effects on bacterial killing (line and diet effect: P
Determinants of the selection of phosphatidylcholine molecular species for secretion into bile in the rat.

Certain phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species appear to be secreted into bile preferentially, but the mechanism for this selection remains obscure. We used multivariate analysis to examine the relationship between PC structure and the odds of secretion for individual PC species secreted into bile. PC was isolated from Folch extracts of bile and liver from rats, and individual molecular species of PC were quantified with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The odds of secretion for a given PC species were quantified as the ratio of its mole% in bile/mole% in liver. Regression analysis indicated that the odds of secretion were significantly related to length of both the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains (P < .0001 for both) and to relative hydrophobicity as determined by reverse-phase HPLC (P < .0001). In addition, the relationship between odds of secretion and sn-1 chain length was best described by a parabolic function. Considered together, these characteristics accounted for 88% of the observed differences in odds of secretion. This relationship between PC structure and odds of secretion was strikingly similar to the relationship between PC structure and affinity for bovine PC transfer protein. When multivariate models were used to predict both the odds of secretion and the affinity for PC transfer protein for a set of biologically plausible PC species, there was a linear relationship between the two. The likelihood of a given PC species being secreted into bile can be related to the structural characteristics of the acyl chains without having to postulate the existence of a special pool of PC destined for biliary secretion. Second, the structural characteristics that dictate selection of PC species for secretion into bile are similar to those that determine binding affinity for PC transfer protein, suggesting that the likelihood of a PC being secreted into bile is, in fact, closely related to its binding affinity for PC transfer protein (PC-TP).
Cytochemical polarity in lateral geniculate interneurons.

Abstract To determine the cytochemical composition of presynaptic dendrites, we have examined the distribution of synapsin 1, calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-II), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and spectrin in cat lateral geniculate (LGN) class III cells by immuno-EM. Special attention was paid to the dendrites of these interneurons because they are both pre- and postsynaptic. The dendritic proteins MAP-2 and RBC spectrin were not observed in interneuron dendrites but these proteins were localized in relay cell dendrites. The synaptic vesicle-associated protein synapsin 1 was present in all synaptic vesicle containing profiles, including dendritic terminals. CaM-II, the major postsyaptic density protein, was found in all dendrites. Thus, the LGN interneuron dendritic compartment displays both axonal and dendritic cytochemical properties. The results suggest the possibility of unique molecular interactions in interneuron dendritic terminals.
Note on Visual and Figural Aftereffects in the Brain Damaged

concepts may be applied. He suggests that the arrival in the visual cortex of nerve impulses resulting from a visual stimulus establishes electromotive forces, which set up potentials in the cortical tissue, causing polarization of the cell masses. The resulting stare of "electrotonus" opposes further flow of such current. Where the initial ease of transmission or conductivity is greatest, this process ("satiation") will be most marked. When visual stimulation ends, a process of depolarization occurs, leading to the brief appearance of a negative reverse image. Thus, where conductivity is greatest, satiation will be maximum and the reverse image of the spiral will be seen. Where conductivity is lowest, polarization, electrotonus, and satiation will be minimal; depolariza[ion will be less intense; and the reversal effect of the spiral will be less likely to appear. The notion that brain injury is associated with a change in cortical conductivity has been advanced by Klein and Krech (Z), who discuss particularly the effect of the distortion of a secondarily introduced figure by a preceding percept. They postulate that Ss with low basal conductivity in the central nervous system become satiated more slowly and recover from satiation leu quickly. Thus, if brain damage is associated with low conductivity, distortion of a second percept by residuals of the preceding percept will be more marked. Also, the spontaneous type of aftereffect will be less marked, as our finding indicates.
Optimal Dynamic Hedging in Unbiased Futures Markets

A discrete-time dynamic hedging problem is solved under expected utility maximization and basis risk without imposing a particular parametric form for utility, nor assuming normally distributed cash and futures prices. The solution is valid for any increasing and strictly concave utility function, and for quite general specifications of the joint distribution of cash and futures prices. This generality is achieved by restricting the futures market to be unbiased, and requiring that the size of the cash position be nonstochastic. The dynamic hedging rule can be estimated empirically using similar methods to those used to estimate static hedge ratios.
Terrestrial nickel-iron from the Josephine Peridotite, its geologic occurrence, associations, and origin

Abstract The distribution of placers containing coarse nuggets of the nickel-iron alloy, josephinite, are found to have a close spatial relationship to a narrow zone of intense shearing, serpentinization, and igneous intrusion within the Josephine Peridotite. These field relations, together with the frequent occurrence of magnetite and serpentine with the alloy, indicate that the mineral is the product of hydrothermal metamorphism and serpentinization of the peridotite. This is confirmed by the discovery of the nickel-iron in serpentine veins cutting moderately altered harzburgite. Andradite garnet, a common skarn mineral produced by contact metamorphism around igneous intrusions, is often intergrown with the nickel-iron. This may indicate that the unusually coarse grain size of the josephinite is the result of the special conditions accompanying igneous intrusion in the serpentine belt.
Source-analyser coupling in the quadrupole mass filter

Abstract Transmission/resolution relationships in the quadrupole mass filter are calculated for sources of different emittance characteristics. The previously predicted regions of source limited and analyser limited operation are demonstrated. Some quantitative information is obtained about the resolution at which the transition occurs for a source of a given size of emittance. Contrary to previous qualitative predictions transmission under analyser limited conditions is proportional to 1/R rather than 1/R2. The effects of emittance shape and orientation in the phase plane are considered. Such changes might result from poor choice of focusing conditions between the source and the analyser. A “hollow beam” source is also examined. Some approximate information about peak shapes with various source configurations is obtained for ions passing many cycles in the r.f. field.
Examining the risk reduction strategies of actors in online criminal markets

Research examining offender risk reduction strategies within illicit markets focus primarily on those operating in the real world for drugs and stolen goods. Few have considered the strategies that may be used by individuals in virtual illicit markets that are hidden from public view. This study addresses this gap through a grounded theory analysis of posts from 10 Russian and three English language web forums selling stolen data to engage in identity theft and fraud. The findings indicate that buyers employ multiple strategies to reduce their risk of loss from unreliable vendors, along with resources provided by forum administrators to manage relationships between participants. The implications of this study for law enforcement and offender decision-making research are also discussed.
Effects of sophistication and motivation on the detection of malingered memory performance using a computerized forced-choice task.

The present study employed a computerized forced-choice recognition memory task, the Multi-Digit Memory Test (MDMT), to examine the effects of instructional set (i.e., dissimulation information pro...
Differential cross sections for electron capture from helium by 25- to 100-keV incident protons

Experimentally and theoretically determined differential cross sections are reported for electron capture in collisions of protons with helium atoms for incident proton energies of 25, 30, 50, and 100 keV and for center-of-mass scattering angles of 0.0 to 2.0 mrad. The magnitudes of the experimentally determined differential cross sections decrease from 10/sup -10/ to 10/sup -12/ cm/sup 2//sr within the 0.0--0.8-mrad range of the center-of-mass scattering angle. At approximately 0.8 mrad a distinct change in the slope of the differential cross section is observed. The experimental results which are for capture into all bound states of hydrogen are compared with the theoretical results of a calculation for capture into the ground state using the two-state two-center atomic expansion method in the eikonal approximation. Good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results is obtained with a static potential which accounts for screening of the helium nucleus by a single passive electron.
Living and Imagining the City: The Biartis and the Urbanistas in Beirut

This Culture and Politics senior thesis examines and compares the imagined and the lived experience of the city, using Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, as a model. In a neo-liberal city such as Beirut, group formations can be engaged in multiple hegemonies that affect and define the ‘urban’ city experience. In this thesis, I will label two major group-formations in Beirut that shape its urban experience: the ‘Urbanistas’ and the ‘Biarts.’ The Urbanistas are an affluent upper-class group that imagines a ‘global’ and worldly Beirut that is in connection to the rest of the world. This group then lives its ‘social imaginaire’ of the city in a tightly confined upper-class conceptual map of the downtown, the Zaytouna Bay Area and Rue du Verdun. The Biartis on the other hand, a lower-income group, represent the lived experience of Beirut, living a city of manifestations, contradictions and concerns. I will argue that both groups exhibit a form of hegemony in their city, albeit a different one, and interact with each other in different ways. To explore the role of these groups in the social production of the city, this thesis analyzes interviews with Urbanistas and Biartis, participant observation of the socio- spatial habits of these groups, media coverage of Beirut and advertisement, pictorials and street art within enclaves of the city. Due to the multiple hegemonies of these groups, the ‘global’ city should no longer be taken to be identical to its image. Groups such as the Urbanistas, wishing to engage in a global and capitalist experience of urban city life, present a singular image of cities that is an imagined reflection of them. While groups such as the Biartis, have an inward looking experience, shaping the notion of the city through their daily lived occurrences.
Retail Value-Based Pricing Strategies: New Times, New Technologies, New Consumers

The global marketplace is continually shaped by changing realities, including the recent economic downturn and ever-increasing adoption of new technologies. The results of these changing realities affect every element of consumers’ shopping behavior, as well as their value perceptions. This article examines how recent changes in the environment and technology have spurred changes in how consumers perceive value, as well as in how retailers communicate their value offers. Furthermore, this introductory article highlights how the 14 contributions in this special issue of the Journal of Retailing on pricing relate to these areas of change.
The structure and function of the dermal pectoral girdle in bony fishes with particular reference to ostariophysines

The structure of the dermal pectoral girdle of teleostean fishes is analyzed in relation to its functions. In bony fishes the vertebral column, with a horizontal axis, and the pectoral girdle, with a basically vertical axis, form the only skeletal links between the head and the body. The individual bones of the dermal girdle are considered as supporting units joined by a series of articulations that permit differential movement between adjacent bones. The movements mediated by this linkage system are: lateral swinging of the head relative to the body, expansion of the distance between the central areas of the two pectoral girdles to permit passage of large food items, and fore-and-aft movements of the anteroventral ends of the cleithra relative to the skull. Among other factors affecting the structure of the dermal pectoral girdle are the provision for the support of the pectoral fin base and the requirement for the effective operation of a sleeve valve between the girdle and the opercular cover. Modifications of the dermal pectoral girdle in ostariophysine fishes are discussed. A brief history of the bony fish girdle in terms of its functional components is postulated.
Ion association and ultrasonic relaxation in hydrogen-bonding solvents: 1:1 Electrolytes in 2-propanol at 25°C

Ultrasonic absorption measurements have been carried out in aqueous solutions of Bu4NCl, Bu4NBr, Bu4NI, Me4NCl, and LiCl in 2-propanol over the frequency range 15–250 MHz. A single relaxation frequency was observed for each system. All the data were found to be consistent with a 2-step association mechanism in which the rate-determining step was the diffusion of the ions to form a solventseparated ion pair, followed by rapid desolvation to form the contact ion pair. Measured association rate constants were very nearly those predicted for a diffusion-controlled process.
TFIIA has activator-dependent and core promoter functions in vivo.

The physiological role of TFIIA was investigated by analyzing transcription in a yeast strain that contains a TATA-binding protein (TBP) mutant (N2–1) defective for interacting with TFIIA. In cells containing N2–1, transcription from a set of artificial his3 promoters dependent on different activators is generally reduced by a similar extent, indicating that TFIIA function is largely nonselective for activators. In addition, TATA element utilization, a core promoter function, is altered athis3 promoters dependent on weak activators. Genomic expression analysis reveals that 3% of the genes are preferentially affected by a factor of 4 or more. Chimeras of affected promoters indicate that the sensitivity to the TFIIA-TBP interaction can map either to the upstream or core promoter region. Unlike wild-type TBP or TFIIA, the N2–1 derivative does not activate transcription when artificially recruited to the promoter via a heterologous DNA binding domain, indicating that TFIIA is important for transcription even in the absence of an activation domain. Taken together, these results suggest that TFIIA plays an important role in both activator-dependent and core promoter functions in vivo. Further, they suggest that TFIIA function may not be strictly related to the recruitment of TBP to promoters but may also involve a step after TBP recruitment.
Mathematics, statistics, and teaching

How does statistical thinking differ from mathematical thinking? What is the role of mathematics in statistics? If you purge statistics of its mathematical content, what intellectual substance rema...
LINGERING IDENTITIES IN RETIREMENT

Older workers were followed through their first two years of retirement in order to explore the lingering effects of preretirement identities on their retirement adjustment and self-esteem. Several interesting findings emerged. Preretirement identities and social background characteristics influenced initial retirement adjustment and later changes in retirement adjustment. In addition, lingering preretirement worker identity and emerging retirement adjustment influenced self-esteem two years into retirement. Further, while there were no overall gender differences, some individual identities and social background characteristics influenced retirement adjustment and self-esteem in a different manner for men and women.
Ion implantation and diamond-like coatings of aluminum alloys

In an attempt to increase the wear resistance of some key automotive components, General Motors Research and Development Center initiated a study to determine the potential of surface modification as a means of improving the tribological properties of automotive parts, and to investigate the feasibility of mass producing such parts. This paper describes the plasma immersion ion implantation system that was designed for the study of various options for surface treatment, and it discusses bench testing procedures used for evaluating the surface-treated samples. In particular, both tribological and microstructural analyses are discussed for nitrogen implants and diamond-like hydrocarbon coatings of some aluminum alloys.
The human checkpoint protein hRad17 interacts with the PCNA-like proteins hRad1, hHus1, and hRad9.

DNA damage activates cell cycle checkpoints that prevent progression through the cell cycle. In yeast, the DNA damage checkpoint response is regulated by a series of genes that have mammalian homologs, including rad1, rad9, hus1, andrad17. On the basis of sequence homology, yeast and human Rad1, Rad9, and Hus1 protein homologs are predicted to structurally resemble the sliding clamp PCNA. Likewise, Rad17 homologs have extensive homology with replication factor C (RFC) subunits (p36, p37, p38, p40, and p140), which form a clamp loader for PCNA. These observations predict that Rad1, Hus1, and Rad9 might interact with Rad17 as a clamp-clamp loader pair during the DNA damage response. In this report, we demonstrate that endogenous human Rad17 (hRad17) interacts with the PCNA-related checkpoint proteins hRad1, hRad9, and hHus1. Mutational analysis of hRad1 and hRad17 demonstrates that this interaction has properties similar to the interaction between RFC and PCNA, a well characterized clamp-clamp loader pair. Moreover, we show that DNA damage affects the association of hRad17 with the clamp-like checkpoint proteins. Collectively, these data provide the first experimental evidence that hRad17 interacts with the PCNA-like proteins hRad1, hHus1, and hRad9 in manner similar to the interaction between RFC and PCNA.
Identification of GPCMV infected cells in vitro and in vivo with a monoclonal antibody

Abstract A monoclonal antibody was made which identifies a 160–180 kDa structural protein in guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) infected cells by Western blot using non-reducing conditions. This protein was shown to be a virion structural protein by purification of GPCMV on a density viscosity gradient and Western blot analysis. Phosphoanacetic acid (PAA) experiments suggest that the protein is a late GPCMV protein. In vitro the monoclonal antibody labels a cytoplasmic protein in infected guinea pig embryo fibroblasts by 12 h postinfection. The monoclonal antibody also identifies GPCMV infected cells in vivo in paraffin embedded formalin fixed tissue.
Space and time savings through large data base compression and dynamic restructuring

The conventional general-purpose data management system tends to make inefficient use of storage space. By reducing the physical size of the data, substantial savings are available in the area of storage cost. Reduction ratios of 4:1 and more are realizable. This also reduces the amount of I/O time required to physically transfer data between secondary and primary memories. Since I/O time tends to be the pacing factor when processing large data bases, this could produce a 4:1 or greater reduction in response time. Data compression experience with four large data bases is described. In some applications, only a small fraction of the data transferred in an individual I/O operation is relevant to the query being processed. If usage patterns are measured and data records and fields are rearranged so that those which are commonly referenced together are also physically stored together, then additional savings are available. Once the data base has been partitioned into clusters of commonly accessed data, further efficiencies can be obtained by choosing data structures, compression strategies, and storage devices that are optimal for the recent usage pattern observed on that cluster.
Synthesis of aromatic polyethers by cation-radical polymerization

This paper discusses the synthesis of aromatic polyethers including poly(ether sulfone)s, poly(ether ether ketone)s, fully aromatic polyethers and polyarylenes by the cation-radical polymerization (Scholl reaction) of bisaryl monomers. The polymerizability of various monomers is discussed with respect to the effects of the monomer structure on the reactivity of both the monomers and of the cation-radical growing species. Examples are provided for the synthesis of polymers of unique structure by the cation-radical polymerization reactions. The cation-radical polymerization reactions have been studied under a variety of experimental conditions. The oxidants used as initiators include various Lewis acids and their combinations such as FeCl3, AlCl3/CuCl2, AlCl3/CuCl/O2, AlCl3/FeCl3, FeCl3:tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl)amine complex, and organic electron-acceptor compounds such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ). This polymerization proceeds in electrophilic solvents such as nitrobenzene, methylene chloride, etc. The cation-radical polymerization initiated by a catalytic amount of oxidant is demonstrated by using vanadyl acetylacetonate as oxidant. An example in which the polymerization proceeds by both a cation-radical reaction and an electrophilic transalkylation reaction is provided by the polymerization of 2,2-bis[4-(1-naphthoxy)phenyl]propane initiated with FeCl3.
The attention training technique, self-focused attention, and anxiety: A laboratory-based component study

Self-focused attention is an important target of intervention within Wells's (2009) metacognitive therapy and the attention training technique (ATT) is one component of metacognitive therapy that purportedly alters focus of attention. However, we do not yet fully understand whether ATT causes changes in focus of attention, the effectiveness of ATT compared to other techniques in reducing self-focused attention, and how ATT leads to its therapeutic gains. A laboratory-based component study was completed to address these gaps in the literature. Nonclinical participants were randomly assigned to one session of ATT (n = 38) or a mindfulness-based task (n = 38). ATT and the mindfulness-based task differentially changed focus of attention, with ATT causing greater external focus of attention and the mindfulness-based task causing greater self-focused attention from pre-to-post manipulation. ATT and the mindfulness-based task both led to reductions in anxiety. Reductions in self-focused attention were related to less anxiety following ATT, whereas increases in self-focused attention were related to less anxiety following the mindfulness-based task. Conceptual and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Conserved DegP Protease in Gram-Positive Bacteria Is Essential for Thermal and Oxidative Tolerance and Full Virulence in Streptococcus pyogenes

The DegP protease, a multifunctional chaperone and protease, has been shown to be essential for virulence in gram-negative pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Brucella abortus, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The function of DegP in pathogenesis appears to be the degradation of damaged proteins that accumulate as a result of the initial host response to infection, which includes the release of reactive oxygen intermediates. Additionally, the DegP protease plays a major role in monitoring and maintaining the Escherichia coli periplasm and influences E. coli pilus biogenesis. We report here the identification of highly homologous enzymes in Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Moreover, the phenotype of an insertionally inactivated degP allele in S. pyogenes is similar to that reported for E. coli, with temperature sensitivity for growth and enhanced sensitivity to reactive oxygen intermediates. Virulence studies in a mouse model of streptococcal infection indicate that a functional DegP protease is required for full virulence. These results suggest DegP as an attractive broad-spectrum target for future anti-infective drug development.
Syntaxin 1A regulates dopamine transporter activity, phosphorylation and surface expression

We investigated the functional relationship between the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment receptor (SNARE) protein syntaxin 1A (syn 1A) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) by treating rat striatal tissue with Botulinum Neurotoxin C (BoNT/C) and co-transfecting syn 1A with DAT in non-neuronal cells, followed by analysis of DAT activity, phosphorylation, and regulation. Treatment of striatal slices with BoNT/C resulted in elevated dopamine (DA) transport Vmax and reduced DAT phosphorylation, while heterologous co-expression of syn 1A led to reduction in DAT surface expression and transport Vmax. Syn 1A was present in DAT immunoprecipitation complexes, supporting a direct or indirect interaction between the proteins. Phorbol ester regulation of DA transport activity was retained in BoNT/C-treated synaptosomes and syn 1A transfected cells, demonstrating that protein kinase C (PKC) and syn 1A effects occur through independent processes. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of DAT activity and phosphorylation, and suggest the potential for syn 1A to impact DA neurotransmission through effects on reuptake.
Multiple-quantum NMR coherence growth in polycrystalline salts containing 19F

Abstract Multiple-quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance has been extended to study fluorinated solids. Up to 22 multiple-quantum coherence orders have been observed in CaF 2 , characteristic of roughly 180 correlated spins. In polycrystalline salts, with only one chemically distinct 19 F site, a simple scaling of the spin correlation size as a function of excitation time between materials was observed. For salts having fluoride anions (CaF 2 , NaF, and CsF) and those with isotropically rotating hexafluoroarsenate anions [NaAsF 6 and (C 6 H 5 ) 3 SAsF 6 ], the local dipole field strength, determined by the square root of the second moment of the homonuclear dipole couplings, determined the rate of MQ coherence growth. Experimentally, heteronuclear couplings, specifically 1 H- 19 F dipole interactions, did not influence MQ dynamics, in agreement with the zeroth-order average Hamiltonian calculation. This last result allows for the relatively easy application of MQ-NMR experiments to dipolar solids containing heteronuclear dipole couplings.
Lack of Coincidence between Neural and Behavioral Manifestations of Cortical Spreading Depression

The presence of cortical spreading depression is typically inferred from the presence of hypesthesia. The electrocorticogram and slow-potential change were recorded during cortical spreading depression and it was found that hypesthesia remained long after the cortex recovered from neural depression. Hypesthesia, therefore, is an unreliable indicant of cortical spreading depression; if cortical spreading depression is used as a research tool, neural activity must be monitored. These data offer a special problem for memory transfer studies.
A balance of form and function: Planar polarity and development of the vestibular maculae

The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear have emerged as one of the primary models for studying the development of planar polarity in vertebrates. Planar polarity is the polarized organization of cells or cellular structures in the plane of an epithelium. For hair cells, planar polarity is manifest at the subcellular level in the polarized organization of the stereociliary bundle and at the cellular level in the coordinated orientation of stereociliary bundles between adjacent cells. This latter organization is commonly called Planar Cell Polarity and has been described in the greatest detail for auditory hair cells of the cochlea. A third level of planar polarity, referred to as tissue polarity, occurs in the utricular and saccular maculae; two inner ear sensory organs that use hair cells to detect linear acceleration and gravity. In the utricle and saccule hair cells are divided between two groups that have opposite stereociliary bundle polarities and, as a result, are able to detect movements in opposite directions. Thus vestibular hair cells are a unique model system for studying planar polarity because polarization develops at three different anatomical scales in the same sensory organ. Moreover the system has the potential to be used to dissect functional interactions between molecules regulating planar polarity at each of the three levels. Here the significance of planar polarity on vestibular system function will be discussed, and the molecular mechanisms associated with development of planar polarity at each anatomical level will be reviewed. Additional aspects of planar polarity that are unique to the vestibular maculae will also be introduced.
Mesonic Corrections to the Quadrupole Moment of the Deuteron

Mesonic corrections to the quadrupole moment of the deuteron are calculated by means of the method of Tamm and Dancoff. Only the two-nucleon and two-nucleon\char22{}one-meson amplitudes are included. The first is associated with a phenomenological wave function for the deuteron, the second yielding a correction to the quadrupole moment. A correction exists even in neutral scalar theory, and for pseudoscalar (pseudoscalar) symmetric theory the result in adiabatic approximation to second order is $\ensuremath{\Delta}Q=3.1$ percent or $\ensuremath{\Delta}Q=\ensuremath{-}0.7$ percent, depending on choice of wave functions (assuming $\frac{{g}^{2}}{4\ensuremath{\pi}}=10$). Contributions from multiple meson amplitudes are examined, and for a hard-core deuteron function they are shown to contribute only slightly.
Structure of developing frog neuromuscular junctions.

Developing neuromuscular junctions in the cutaneous pectoris muscle from tadpoles and postmetamorphic frogs were studied in the light microscope. Presynaptic nerve terminals and postsynaptic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were simultaneously demonstrated at these developing junctions using the NBT-AChE method. The earliest nerve contacts studied were small enlargements at the ends of unmyelinated axons. As development progressed, single nerve contacts, often with growth cones, grew in length, generally parallel to the long axis of the myotube. Further endplate maturation was characterized by individual terminal processes developing secondary and tertiary branches, ultimately leading to highly complex terminal arborizations. The initial synaptic contact at developing neuromuscular junctions was made by a single axon, but with further development these same synaptic sites became multiply innervated. The occurrence of multiple innervation was a transient phenomena; the multiple synaptic inputs were eliminated during further maturation. The time course of synapse elimination was protracted, with some multiple innervation even persisting in relatively large adult frogs. The first nerve contacts were generally devoid of observable endplate AChE activity. Early appearance of AChE activity was sometimes graded and in some cases portions of the nerve terminal processes were associated with AChE while other regions of the same terminal arborization were not.
The Santa Barbara earthquake of 13 august, 1978

Although the Santa Barbara earthquake was only a moderate seismic event, it was the most destructive earthquake in the United States in 1978 causing more than $7 million damage and at least 65 injuries. Reported Richter magnitudes ranged from 5–1 to 5–7, but estimates based on strong motion records yielded about 5–8. Due to the geologic features of the earthquake, the intensity of strong shaking was geographically asymmetrical, being much larger in the Goleta area north and west of the epicentre. Peak ground accelerations of 0–40 g were recorded near Goleta, while 0–23 g was recorded closer to the epicentre in Santa Barbara. The duration of strongest shaking was only about 2–3 s. The earthquake caused light cracking of shear walls in multi-storey reinforced concrete structures, as well as damage to highway overcrossings, many mobile homes and to rooftop mechanical equipment. Presented in this paper are the results of preliminary investigations of the engineering features of this earthquake.