cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crossed Nonaphasia in a Dextral With Left Hemispheric Lesions: Handedness Technically Defined

To the Editor: The article by Hund-Georgiadis et al on crossed nonaphasia in a “dextral” with left hemispheric lesion1 deserves attention because of the light it and similar cases throw on the subject of laterality and hemispheric dominance in humans. However, this requires abandoning certain conventionalism, which is the cause of the puzzlement they expressed as to the laterality of the results they obtained, ie, ipsilateral activity of motor cortex on moving the ostensibly dominant hand (as opposed to the neurologically dominant, as I explain below). In this light, their result is a reaffirmation of the findings of high-resolution EEG experiments of Kristeva et al,2,3⇓ Barrett et al,4 and others.5 More recently, similar observation has been made using functional MRI,6,7⇓ positron-emission tomography,8 transcranial magnetic stimulation,9,10⇓ and Doppler11 techniques. These observations require an anatomical substrate, depicted below. One source of confusion of the respectable authors is their complete reliance on an inventory-based methodology in ascertaining a subject’s laterality. The other is lack of appreciation of the anatomical significance of absence of apraxia in the subject’s (ostensibly nondominant) left hand. Cognizance of these 2 critical points as well as intimate familiarity with 2 other laterality indexed clinical syndromes are essential ingredients in grasping the issues involved. The twin entities to which I referred are syndromes of ipsilateral weakness involving the nondominant hand in certain lesions affecting the dominant hemisphere,12,13⇓ and that of weakness involving …
Time-dependent and residual behavior of pultruded GFRP beams subjected to sustained intensities and cold temperature

Abstract This paper presents the time-dependent response and residual behavior of pultruded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) beams. A total of nine beams are tested in four-point bending. One beam is served as control and eight beams are loaded to failure after exposing to three levels of sustained intensities (20%, 40%, and 60% of the static capacity) at room (25 °C) and cold (− 30 °C) temperatures for 2000 h. Time-dependent material parameters are obtained from the test. Analytical approaches are used to predict the behavior of test beams, based on mechanics-based failure criteria and Findley's creep theory. Three-dimensional finite element models are also developed, based on the experimentally obtained material parameters. The GFRP beams demonstrate time-dependent material degradation due to the sustained load. Cold temperature alters the load-carrying capacity and creep response of the beams. Brittleness of the GFRP is accelerated when the beams are exposed to sustained intensities and cold temperature. The contribution of shear deformation to the deflection of the beams increases with sustained load. Although the proposed modeling approaches agree with the experiment, further development is recommended to account for micro-level material deterioration characteristics.
Computation of lower bounds for multiprocessor schedules

A multiprocessing system composed of identical units is considered. This system is executing a set of partially ordered tasks, with known execution times, using a non-preemptive scheduling strategy. Lower bounds on the number of processors required to compute the tasks before a deadline, and on the minimum time to execute the tasks with a fixed number of processors, are of great value for the determination of the corresponding optimal schedules. In this paper, methods for the efficient computation of the lower bounds obtained by Fernindez and Bussell are discussed. Computational improvements for the case of general partial orders are reported, and further reductions of the number of operations are shown to be possible for special graphs (trees, independent chains, independent tasks).
Iterative Usability Testing of a Security Application

This paper reports the results of three iterative usability tests of a security application as it evolved through the application development process and highlights the use of several methodological techniques: 1) reusable color foil prototypes of application panels as an alternative to developing online prototypes during short development cycles, 2) field tests as a complement to laboratory tests, 3) iterative testing of an evolving prototype, and 4) analysis of dollar value of usability work. The techniques used represent an attempt to apply usability engineering to system design (Whiteside, Bennett, and Holtzblatt; 1988) and to provide management with a dollar value estimate of human factors work (Mantei, 1988). Significant improvements in end user performance and satisfaction occurred across the three iterative tests (field prototype test, laboratory prototype test, and laboratory integration test) conducted across 7 months with 27 participants. The product usability objective was met during the third...
Cortical neurogenesis in the absence of centrioles

Neuronal production in the mammalian cortex depends on extensive mitoses of radial glial progenitors (RGPs) residing in the ventricular zone (VZ). We examined the function of centrioles in RGPs during cortical neurogenesis in mice by conditional removal of SAS-4, a protein that is required for centriole biogenesis. SAS-4 deletion led to a progressive loss of centrioles, accompanied by RGP detachment from the VZ. Delocalized RGPs did not become outer subventricular zone RGPs (oRGs). Although they remained proliferative, ectopic RGPs, as well as those in the VZ, with a centrosomal deficit exhibited prolonged mitosis, p53 upregulation and apoptosis, resulting in neuronal loss and microcephaly. Simultaneous removal of p53 fully rescued RGP death and microcephaly, but not RGP delocalization and randomized mitotic spindle orientation. Our findings define the functions of centrioles in anchoring RGPs in the VZ and ensuring their efficient mitoses, and reveal the robust adaptability of RGPs in the developing cortex.
An unusual case of synchronous thyroid and parathyroid adenomas.

A 52-year-old woman was evaluated for an enlarging neck mass. Fine-needle aspirate contained Hurthle cells and thyroidectomy revealed two separate thyroid morphologically similar lesions. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed diagnoses of separate Hurthle cell thyroid and oxyphil parathyroid adenomas. Diagnostic pitfalls and the role of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis are discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis and characterization of rigid +2 and +3 heteroleptic dinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes

Abstract Synthesis and characterization of the dinuclear ruthenium coordination complexes with heteroleptic ligand sets, [Cl(terpy)Ru(tpphz)Ru(terpy)Cl](PF6)2 (7) and [(phen)2Ru(tpphz)Ru(terpy)Cl](PF6)3 (8), are reported. Both structures contain a tetrapyrido[3,2-α:2′,3′-c:3′′,2′′-h:2′′,3′′-j]phenazine (tpphz) (6) ligand bridging the two metal centers. Complex 7 was obtained via ligand exchange between, RuCl2(terpy)DMSO (5) and a tpphz bridge. Complex 8 was obtained via ligand exchange between, [Ru(phen)2tpphz](PF6)2 (4) and RuCl2(terpy)DMSO (5). Metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) absorptions are sensitive to ligand set composition and are significantly red-shifted due to more electron donating ligands. Complexes 7–9 have been characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (IR, NMR, and UV–Vis), and mass spectrometric techniques. The electronic spectral properties of 7, 8, and [(phen)2Ru(tpphz)Ru(phen)2](PF6)4 (9), a previously reported +4 analog, are presented together. The different terminal ligands of 7, 8, and 9 shift the energy of the MLCT and the π–π* transition of the bridging ligand. These shifts in the spectra are discussed in the context of density functional theory (DFT). A model is proposed suggesting that low-lying orbitals of the bridging ligand accept electron density from the metal center which can facilitate electron transfer to nanoparticles like single walled carbon nanotubes and colloidal gold.
Hispanics, Incarceration, and TB/HIV Screening: A Missed Opportunity for Prevention

Disparities in incarceration rates and in prison-based TB/HIV testing may contribute to health disparities in the communities most affected by incarceration. We analyzed Bureau of Justice Statistics surveys of federal and state prison inmates to assess TB and HIV screening rates for US-born Hispanics, foreign-born Hispanics, non-Hispanic blacks, and non-Hispanic whites. Screening rates were high overall but foreign-born Hispanic inmates had significantly lower odds of being tested for TB in both state (AOR 0.55) and federal prisons (AOR 0.31) compared to white inmates. Foreign-born Hispanics also had lower odds of being tested for HIV in state prisons and Hispanics had lower odds of being tested for HIV in federal prisons compared to white inmates. Screening for infectious diseases in state and federal prisons is high but Hispanics have higher odds of going untested; this has important consequences for prevention of further transmission in the communities to which they return.
p62 Serves as a Shuttling Factor for TrkA Interaction with the Proteasome

The scaffold protein p62 is involved in internalization and trafficking of TrkA. The receptor is deubiquitinated by the proteasomes prior to degradation by lysosomes. Here we demonstrate that p62 serves as a shuttling protein for interaction of ubiquitinated TrkA with Rpt1, one of the six ATPases of 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome. In p62(-/-) mouse brain TrkA failed to interact with the Rpt1. The interaction of TrkA with Rpt1 was reduced in proteasomes isolated from p62(-/-) brain, but was restored by addition of p62. The UBA domain of p62 interacts with TrkA and its PB1/UbL domain with AAA-ATPase cassette in the C-terminal region of Rpt1. Last, neurotrophin-dependent turnover of TrkA was impaired by reduction in the level of p62. These findings reveal that p62 serves as a shuttling factor for interaction of ubiquitinated substrates with the proteasome and could promote localized protein turnover in neurons.
Forager polymorphism, size-matching, and load delivery in the leaf-cutting ant, Atta cephalotes

. 1 This study examined the importance of forager polymorphism and division of labour among foragers of different size for the economics of load delivery in a leaf-cutting ant, Atta cephalotes (L.). I collected A.cephalotes foragers coming down trees carrying leaf fragments to evaluate the degree of match between forager mass and the density (mass per unit area) of leaves being cut, and to quantify how this match affects whether the mass of leaf fragments cut by the ants are within the range which maximizes the rate and efficiency of load delivery. 2 Foragers ranged 23-fold in mass (1.4–32.1 mg). On average, larger workers cut at denser leaf sources. Leaf fragment area increased with ant mass, but relative area (fragment area/ant mass) decreased with ant mass. The density of a leaf type had little or no effect on the area cut by ants of a given size. As a result, ants of a given mass cut heavier fragments from the denser leaves. The effect of leaf density, however, was partly counteracted at the colony level by recruitment of larger ants, which cut smaller area fragments relative to their body mass, to cut at denser leaf sources. 3 Despite a fairly high variance in the relationship between ant mass and fragment mass, overall 87% of the laden ants (74–100% for different trees) carried leaf fragments in the 1.5–6 times body mass range. Earlier studies indicate that loads in this range yield the highest biomass transport rate and transport efficiency. Thus, the variance falls within bounds such that it has little effect on load transport efficiency. Having a broad range in optimal load mass may be considered an adaptation to the expected variability in load masses. 4 If there were no correlation between ant mass and leaf density, mismatches between ant mass and load mass would be more common than observed. Thus, size-matching of larger workers to cut denser leaves increases the rate and ergonomic efficiency of load delivery.
Termination at Midpregnancy of the Two Daily Surges of Plasma Prolactin Initiated by Mating in the Rat

The pattern of plasma prolactin following uterine cervical stimulation consists of two surges each day, one nocturnal, occurring between 0100−0900 h (lights on 0600−1800 h), and one diurnal, occurring between 1500−2100 h. This pattern of prolactin continued throughout pseudopregnancy; the last surge was observed on the morning of day 11 (day 1 was taken as the first day of diestrus of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy). Prolactin levels remained low thereafter until the spontaneous proestrous surge on the afternoon of day 12, signalling the onset of a new estrous cycle. In contrast, the two daily prolactin surges did not continue throughout pregnancy, and in fact, were terminated sooner in pregnant animals than in pseudopregnant animals. The last diurnal surge was observed on day 8 while the last nocturnal surge was observed on day 10. The early termination of prolactin surges during pregnancy correlated with the increased secretion of rat placental lactogen. However, placental extracts obtained from day 11 of...
Effect of pyridoxine on the depletion of tissue pyridoxal phosphate by carbidopa

Abstract One or two hours after rats received a single dose (100 or 800 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) of carbidopa (MK-486; α-methyl-L-dopa hydrazine), pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) concentrations were significantly depressed in peripheral tissues (serum, liver, and muscle) and in hypothalami, but not in whole brains. Repeated administration of carbidopa (three 100 mg/kg doses per day for 3 days) lowered PLP concentrations in serum, liver, and muscle (by 88%, 51%, and 18%, respectively) among rats killed 2 hr after the final injection. PLP levels in brain and hypothalamus were also reduced significantly (by 22% and 18%, respectively) after this treatment. The activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) in hypothalamic homogenates (assayed in vitro) exhibited a parallel small decline; its activity in brain homogenates, however, was not significantly changed. Administration of pyridoxine·HCl (200 mg/kg/day for 3 days) in addition to carbidopa blocked the fall in hypothalamic AAAD activity. Pyridoxine administration did not affect the inhibition of peripheral AAAD by carbidopa in vivo; it failed to interfere with carbidopa's blockade of decarboxylation of exogenous L-dopa (100 mg/kg, given intraperitoneally 1 hr before sacrifice). These findings suggest that large doses of carbidopa can, by depleting tissues of PLP, cause potentially undesirable nonspecific changes in pyridoxine-dependent enzymes. However, the coadministration of pyridoxine with carbidopa can maintain tissue PLP levels and protect against such enzyme changes.
Secrets of the Earth's core

The Earth's Core. (International Geophysics Series.) By J. A. Jacobs. Pp. viii + 253. (Academic: New York and London, 1976.) £8.50; $22.
In Vitro Interaction of Neuroleptics and Tricylic Antidepressants with Coffee, Tea, and Gallotannic Acid

The in vitro interaction of selected drugs with coffee, tea, gallic acid, and gallotannic acid was examined by mixing solutions of drug with each of these four preparations. Results of these experiments indicate that significant precipitation occurs for a variety of agents, including several phenothiazines, amitriptyline, haloperidol, imipramine, and loxapine. The strong complex which is formed between these drugs and tannins is probably the basis of the interaction of these drugs with coffee and tea. Although precipitates did occur with a number of neuroleptics, two members of this drug class, thiothixene and molindone, failed to interact with the solutions used.
Ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling: 3. A review of the role of wave-particle interactions

Resonant interactions between waves and particles in the magnetosphere can cause a violation of the three adiabatic invariants µ, J, and Φ. Third-invariant violation by fluctuating long-period electric and magnetic fields acts as a major source for the inner radiation zone. Precipitation into the atmosphere induced by pitch angle diffusion associated with a violation of either of the first two invariants provides a major loss mechanism for geomagnetically trapped particles. Our understanding of such processes has advanced considerably over the last 4 years. Detailed models have been proposed to describe the nonadiabatic transfer of particles and energy from the magnetosphere and their effect on the upper atmosphere. This review will be limited to a discussion of recent advances in our understanding of four areas: auroral zone precipitation, relativistic electron precipitation events, the proton ring current and stable auroral red arcs, and middle-latitude electron precipitation.
The transfection of epidermal keratin genes into fibroblasts and simple epithelial cells: Evidence for inducing a type I keratin by a type II gene

Through gene transfection studies, we have discovered that the forced expression of a foreign type II epidermal keratin in fibroblasts can trigger the expression of an endogenous type I epidermal keratin. Both the transfected and the induced proteins participate in the formation of filamentous structures. Interestingly, this regulation appears to be unidirectional: the expression of a transfected type I keratin does not induce type II expression. Rather, nonfilamentous aggregates of type I protein accumulate in the cytoplasm. In contrast, simple epithelial cells transfected with either a type I or a type II epidermal keratin gene do not respond by inducing the expression of a host epidermal keratin. In this case, the foreign protein is incorporated into the endogenous keratin network. These results suggest the possibility that type I keratin expression may be dependent on the accumulation of unpolymerized type II keratin.
Knock, Knock; Who’s There?: Making Sense of Organizational Entrance Through Humor

The entry of new members into an organization can be a time of uncertainty and creativity for both newcomers and veterans. This study explored how humor communication was used by members of a human...
British Mercantilism and the Economic Development of the Thirteen Colonies

Mercantilism is defined for this discussion as a policy of government that expressed in the economic sphere the spirit of nationalism that animated the growth of the national state in early modern times. The policy aimed to gain for the nation a high degree of security or self-sufficiency, especially as regards food supply, raw materials needed for essential industries, and the sinews of war. This end was to be achieved in large measure by means of an effective control over the external activities and resources upon which the nation was dependent. In turn, that urge impelled the mercantilists to prefer colonial dependencies to independent foreign countries in seeking sources of supply. If the state could not free itself completely from trade with foreign nations, it sought to control that trade in its own interest as much as possible. To realize such objectives, mercantilism embraced three subordinate and related policies. The Corn Laws fostered the nation's agriculture and aimed to realize the ideal of self-sufficiency as regards food supply. State aids to manufacturing industries, such as the protective tariff, sought to provide essential finished goods, including the sinews of war. The Navigation Acts were intended to assure that foreign trade would be carried on in such a way as to yield the maximum advantage to the state concerned.
A Buprenorphine Stabilization and Rapid‐Taper Protocol for the Detoxification of Opioid‐Dependent Patients

Management of hospitalized opioid-dependent patients can be problematic at times, especially when patients are medically unstable, elderly, or have acute or chronic pain syndromes. The authors report a case series of 65 patients detoxified on 74 separate occasions with the use of the partial μ-agonist buprenorphine. The buprenorphine was administered subcutaneously as an initial stabilization dose, after which patients received a rapid taper over approximately 6 days. Ninety-seven percent (n=72) of the 74 episodes of detoxification were successfully managed with buprenorphine; 62% (n = 40) of the patients bad no symptoms of opioid withdrawal. All patients reported that this detoxification protocol was as comfortable or more comfortable than any previously encountered withdrawal experience. The results of this case series provide strong support for further studies of the role of buprenorphine in the short-term detoxification of hospitalized opioid-dependent patients.
Effects of Processing and Storage on the Water‐Soluble Vitamin Content of Human Milk

Effects of four heat treatments (62.5°C, 30 min; 72°C, 15 sec; 88°C, 5 sec; and 100°C, 5 min) and frozen storage (−20°C, 4 wk) on water-soluble vitamin content of composite samples of mature human milk were determined. No changes in riboflavin, biotin, and total pantothenic acid content were observed after any of the treatments. Heating at 100°C for 5 min decreased thiamin, vitamin B12, and vitamin C contents. Vitamin Bs content was reduced by heating at 88°C and 100°C. Free folate was not affected by heating while total folate concentration was decreased similarly by all heat treatments. During frozen storage at −20°C, niacin and free pantothenic acid concentrations were reduced; riboflavin, vitamin Bs, biotin, total pantothenic acid, vitamin C, and vitamin B12 were unaffected; while measurable thiamin and free folate concentrations increased. Overall, the two lower temperature treatments were less detrimental to the water-soluble vitamins in human milk.
Sindbis viral vector induced apoptosis requires translational inhibition and signaling through Mcl-1 and Bak.

Sindbis viral vectors are able to efficiently target and kill tumor cells in vivo, as shown using pancreatic and ovarian cancer models. Infection results in apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Sindbis vector uptake is mediated by the LAMR, which is upregulated on a number of different tumor types, thus conferring specificity of the vector to a wide range of cancers. In this study we elucidate the mechanism of apoptosis in two tumor cell lines, MOSEC, derived from the ovarian epithelium and Pan02, derived from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of apoptosis would facilitate the design of more effective vectors for cancer therapy. The initial phase of Sindbis vector induced apoptosis in MOSEC and Pan02 models reconfirms that viral infection is sensed by PKR due to double-stranded RNA intermediates associated with genomic replication. PKR activation results in translation inhibition through eIF2α phosphorylation and initiation of the stress response. Our studies indicate that the roles of two proteins, Mcl-1 and JNK, intimately link Sindbis induced translational arrest and cellular stress. Translational arrest inhibits the synthesis of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, Mcl-1. JNK activation triggers the release of Bad from 14-3-3, which ultimately results in apoptosis. These signals from translational arrest and cellular stress are propagated to the mitochondria where Bad and Bik bind to Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 respectively. Formation of these heterodimers displaces Bak, which results in caspase 9 cleavage and signaling through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The host cell response to Sindbis is triggered through PKR activation. Our studies demonstrate that PKR activation and subsequent translational arrest is linked to both cellular stress and apoptosis. We have also found the linkage point between translational arrest and apoptosis to be Mcl-1, a protein whose constant translation is required for inhibition of apoptosis. With this information vectors can be designed, which express or repress proteins implicated in this study, to enhance their therapeutic potential.
A hybrid approach to improving rainfall forecasts

High-resolution rainfall forecasting has important benefits, such as enabling flood prediction, yet little progress has been made toward developing an effective strategy. The hybrid approach presented here combines weather physics, statistics, and artificial neural networks. The strategy is able to draw on all available information, account for and use aspects of the domain physics that are better understood, and exploit the strengths of the available data-dictated tools.
Enhanced Cut Generation Methods for Decomposition-Based Branch and Cut for Two-Stage Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programs

This paper is devoted to a study of computational speed-ups that may be possible in cut generation associated with decomposition-based branch-and-cut methods (e.g., D2-BAC) for stochastic mixed-integer programs (SMIPs). We discuss some bottlenecks in the cut generation process and suggest several enhancements to speed up this process. Our computational results show that significant improvements (approximately 50% reduction in computation times) may be possible by streamlining the computations associated with the cut generation process. This paper establishes new benchmarks for serial processing of two-stage SMIPs.
Multiple-frequency computer analysis of the log-periodic dipole antenna

Matrix methods for analysis of dipole antenna arrays have been applied to general computer programs but often require large amounts of computation time for multiple-frequency analysis of electrically long arrays, since most of the computations must be repeated for each frequency. It is shown how the special geometry of a leg-periodic dipole antenna may be exploited within the general framework of matrix methods to permit multiple-frequency analysis without the need to repeat all computations for each frequency. The computation of antenna currents at one frequency is made use of in solving for currents at a different frequency; the time consuming matrix inversion step is required only once.
Overview and highlights of the Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment - SANE

The Spin Asymmetries of the Nucleon Experiment – SANE took data on inelastic and elastic inclusive and coincidence beam-target asymmetries in the Hall C facility at Jefferson Lab, detecting the scattered electrons with the large non-magnetic Big Electron Telescope Array – BETA and the High Momentum Spectrometer. The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility – CEBAF delivered polarized electrons that were incident on the U. of Virginia polarized proton target. An overview and selected examples of the wealth of collected data, extending from the elastic to the deep inelastic scattering regions, and spanning the four-momentum range from 0.8 to 6 GeV 2 , will be presented.
Anaplerotic treatment of long-chain fat oxidation disorders with triheptanoin: Review of 15 years Experience

Abstract Background The treatment of long-chain mitochondrial β-oxidation disorders (LC-FOD) with a low fat-high carbohydrate diet, a diet rich in medium-even-chain triglycerides (MCT), or a combination of both has been associated with high morbidity and mortality for decades. The pathological tableau appears to be caused by energy deficiency resulting from reduced availability of citric acid cycle (CAC) intermediates required for optimal oxidation of acetyl-CoA. This hypothesis was investigated by diet therapy with carnitine and anaplerotic triheptanoin (TH). Methods Fifty-two documented LC-FOD patients were studied in this investigation (age range: birth to 51 years). Safety monitoring included serial quantitative measurements of routine blood chemistries, blood levels of carnitine and acylcarnitines, and urinary organic acids. Results The average frequency of serious clinical complications were reduced from ~ 60% with conventional diet therapy to 10% with TH and carnitine treatment and mortality decreased from ~ 65% with conventional diet therapy to 3.8%. Carnitine supplementation was uncomplicated. Conclusion The energy deficiency in LC-FOD patients was corrected safely and more effectively with the triheptanoin diet and carnitine supplement than with conventional diet therapy. Safe intervention in neonates and infants will permit earlier intervention following pre-natal diagnosis or diagnosis by expanded newborn screening.
The management and social science literatures: An interdisciplinary cross‐citation analysis

A method is proposed for measuring interdisciplinary relations in scientific literature based on cross citation among core journals empirically selected on the basis of use and importance. The method is used to test hypotheses derived from a bibliometric definition of interdisciplinarity among the management and social science literatures. The results reveal that the management literature is dependent on the social sciences, that it is more dependent on them than vice versa, and that it is more dependent on them than they are on each other.
Reactivity to trichophytin antigen in patients with onychomycosis: effect of terbinafine.

Abstract Background: Many patients with chronic dermatophytosis and onychomycosis have depressed cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to trichophytin. Objective: The fungicidal properties of oral terbinafine provide a unique opportunity to explore whether elimination of antigen could restore CMI response in these patients. Methods: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of terbinafine (250 mg/d for 12 weeks) on skin immunoreactivity to intradermal trichophytin antigen (TRIPA), mycologic status of the nail, and nail growth in patients with toenail onychomycosis. Results: Skin reactivity, in an optimized, dose response challenge series to TRIPA was inversely related to disease chronicity. Mycologic/clinical response rates were 72%/84% for terbinafine and 0%/7% for placebo. Terbinafine increased the number of TRIPA reactors 2-fold and the mean TRIPA reaction area 4-fold; responses in placebo-treated patients were relatively unchanged. Of the 7 (of 25) patients receiving terbinafine who still had positive mycology 6 months after treatment, all were anergic to TRIPA at baseline and all but one remained so after treatment. Conclusion: Terbinafine treatment enhances and restores CMI to TRIPA in patients with Trichophyton rubrum onychomycosis and may thereby reduce susceptibility to reinfection. Terbinafine reversal of immunologic anergy may be an important model of microbial tolerance in chronic dermatophyte infections. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:371-5.)
Leadership and Complexity: Implications for Practice within the Advisement Leadership Bodies at Colleges and Universities

As academic advising has become more central to the work of universities and colleges, especially in relation to retention and graduation, efforts are being made to improve collaboration among different advising groups within these institutions. These efforts, at a number of campuses, include the emergence of training programs and institution level leadership bodies that oversee advising processes. Many of these efforts, however, are based on older paradigms of leadership and strategy. This article proposes a new model for guiding the work of these bodies based on more recent thinking that has emerged from the fields of leadership studies and chaos and complexity science as they relate to human behavior.
Genomewide survey of panic disorder.

We completed a genome scan of 23 multiplex families of panic disorder. Ninety family members had DSM-III-R panic disorder, and another 23 had recurrent, spontaneous panic attacks that did not satisfy these criteria. We typed 469 markers from the CHLC map (ver 8c7) with an average intermarker distance of 10.3 cM. Two-point lod scores were calculated with both a dominant and a recessive model, and maps of lod scores < -2.00, assuming genetic homogeneity, were constructed by using DSM-III-R panic disorder as the affected phenotype. Lod scores were < -2.00 over 94-95% of the genome. The greatest lod score was 2.23 (Θ = 0.15) at the D7S2846 locus, located at 57.8 cM on chromosome 7 according to the Marshfield Clinic map. Flanking markers analyzed in a nonparametric, multipoint analysis using GENEHUNTER resulted in an NPL score of 2.97 at 63 cM on the Marshfield map. This region lies within 15 cM from the D7S435 locus, where Knowles et al. [1998] obtained a lod score of 1.71 (Θ = 0.10) for panic disorder (now 2.45 with the addition of new families; James Knowles, personal communication). Thus, the maximum evidence of linkage from two genome scans of panic disorder lies within a small region of chromosome 7p.
Optic Disk Size and Glaucoma

Assessment of optic disk size is an important, but often overlooked, component of the diagnostic evaluation for glaucoma. Measured values of optic disk size vary with the measurement technique utilized. Available methods for disk size measurement and their respective strengths and limitations will be discussed. Further, actual disk size varies with race and possibly other demographic characteristics. Disk size is also associated with variation of specific anatomical structures of the optic nerve head and the retinal nerve fiber layer. These disk size-dependent variations may influence the susceptibility to glaucoma or the likelihood of glaucoma diagnosis. This manuscript reviews the published evidence relating to disk size and glaucoma.
Correlates of genetic monogamy in socially monogamous mammals: insights from Azara's owl monkeys

Understanding the evolution of mating systems, a central topic in evolutionary biology for more than 50 years, requires examining the genetic consequences of mating and the relationships between social systems and mating systems. Among pair-living mammals, where genetic monogamy is extremely rare, the extent of extra-group paternity rates has been associated with male participation in infant care, strength of the pair bond and length of the breeding season. This study evaluated the relationship between two of those factors and the genetic mating system of socially monogamous mammals, testing predictions that male care and strength of pair bond would be negatively correlated with rates of extra-pair paternity (EPP). Autosomal microsatellite analyses provide evidence for genetic monogamy in a pair-living primate with bi-parental care, the Azara's owl monkey (Aotus azarae). A phylogenetically corrected generalized least square analysis was used to relate male care and strength of the pair bond to their genetic mating system (i.e. proportions of EPP) in 15 socially monogamous mammalian species. The intensity of male care was correlated with EPP rates in mammals, while strength of pair bond failed to reach statistical significance. Our analyses show that, once social monogamy has evolved, paternal care, and potentially also close bonds, may facilitate the evolution of genetic monogamy.
Analysis of the Proteins Involved in the in Vivo Repair of Base–Base Mismatches and Four-Base Loops Formed During Meiotic Recombination in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

DNA mismatches are generated when heteroduplexes formed during recombination involve DNA strands that are not completely complementary. We used tetrad analysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to examine the meiotic repair of a base–base mismatch and a four-base loop in a wild-type strain and in strains with mutations in genes implicated in DNA mismatch repair. Efficient repair of the base–base mismatch required Msh2p, Msh6p, Mlh1p, and Pms1p, but not Msh3p, Msh4p, Msh5p, Mlh2p, Mlh3p, Exo1p, Rad1p, Rad27p, or the DNA proofreading exonuclease of DNA polymerase δ. Efficient repair of the four-base loop required Msh2p, Msh3p, Mlh1p, and Pms1p, but not Msh4p, Msh5p, Msh6p, Mlh2p, Mlh3p, Exo1p, Rad1p, Rad27p, or the proofreading exonuclease of DNA polymerase δ. We find evidence that a novel Mlh1p-independent complex competes with an Mlhp-dependent complex for the repair of a four-base loop; repair of the four-base loop was affected by loss of the Mlh3p, and the repair defect of the mlh1 and pms1 strains was significantly smaller than that observed in the msh2 strain. We also found that the frequency and position of local double-strand DNA breaks affect the ratio of mismatch repair events that lead to gene conversion vs. restoration of Mendelian segregation.
Alkali-Silica Reaction—Possible Cause of Map Cracking in Gunite

In this case study, a number of gunite swimming pools exhibited extensive map or alligator cracking that caused rough and uneven surfaces. The nature of the cracking pointed to alkali-silica reaction (ASR) as the cause of the cracking. Four test methods, the uranyl acetate method, petrographic examination, chemical analysis by electron microprobe, and X-ray diffraction, were used to investigate the presence of ASR within the gunite. Results showed (1) some evidence of ASR gel within the gunite using uranyl acetate; (2) the potential existence of alkali silica gel throughout the cement and within the fractures of the sand grains based on petrographic examination; (3) elevated levels of total alkali, indicating a potential for ASR to occur based on chemical analysis; and (4) tiny inclusions of thermonatrite (commonly found in ASR gel) based on X-ray diffraction. Results from each of the four test methods suggest, albeit inconclusively, the existence of ASR in the gunite. Additionally, the results of all of the four test methods did not contradict each other. Accordingly, it can be stated with some certainty that the distress in the gunite was due to ASR.
Plasma Treatment for Leakage Reduction in AlGaN/GaN and GaN Schottky Contacts

It has been found that the reverse leakage current of AlGaN/GaN Schottky contacts can be significantly reduced by a CF4 plasma treatment prior to the Schottky metal evaporation. The data of electrical characterization suggest that the leakage reduction is related to the modification of the semiconductor surface by plasma treatment. The leakage reduction effect was also observed in GaN Schottky contacts. Capacitance-voltage characterization of the GaN Schottky contacts indicates that the Schottky barrier height was slightly increased by the plasma treatment. A two-step surface treatment procedure, consisting of a BCI3 plasma treatment followed by a brief CF4 plasma treatment, has been developed as an efficient approach to reduce the reverse leakage of the Schottky contacts, while avoiding side effects related to the CF4 plasma.
Measurement of Mangrove Biophysical Characteristics in the Bocozelle Ecosystem in Haiti Using ASTER Multispectral Data

Abstract Coastal mangrove vegetation in Haiti continues to be threatened and diminished consistently due to uncontrolled logging. Research on Haitian mangroves is required to monitor their state and ensure their sustainable management. Indeed, planners and resource managers have a critical need for accurate inventories of mangrove communities and their biophysical characteristics. This study was performed to assess the usefulness of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data for predicting mangrove biophysical variables. In situ data, such as tree height, diameter at breast height, leaf‐area index (LAI), and percent canopy closure were collected in 32 plots (10 × 10 m) along nine (9) transects located perpendicular to the shoreline in July, 2005. The data were correlated and regressed with remote sensing‐derived vegetation indices determined from an ASTER image acquired on July 18, 2005. All the vegetation parameters were found to have strong correlation with the indices. ...
Interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with immune complexes trapped in joint collagenous tissues

The present experiments were designed to investigate in vitro interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and rabbit joint collagenous tissues containing trapped immune complexes. Articular cartilages and menisci from antigen-injected and control joints were incubated with normal PMN isolated from rabbit peritoneal exudates or blood. After incubation of cartilage and menisci from antigen-injected joints with PMN, large numbers of PMN became attached to the articular surface. In areas of superficial erosion, the PMN invaded the tissue several cell diameters below the articular surface. Through immunoelectron microscopy, degranulated PMN were observed in scattered areas to phagocytose amorphous material containing rabbit Ig. Following addition of PMN to control tissues, only a few PMN became attached to the articular surface. When tissues from monosodium urate-injected joints were incubated with PMN, these cells were found attached to the surface in moderate numbers, but invasion into the tissues was not seen. These studies indicate that immune complexes trapped in joint collagenous tissues may lead to enhanced release of lysosomal hydrolases.
Population-Wide Model-Free Quantification of Blood-Brain-Barrier Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis

The processes by which new white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) develop are only partially understood. Recently developed lesions tend to enhance on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans following the intravenous administration of a contrast agent. In this paper, we develop a model-free framework for the analysis of these data that provides biologically meaningful quantification of this blood-brain barrier opening.
Using Last Planner and a Risk Assessment Matrix to Reduce Variation in Mechanical Related Construction Tasks

AbstractVariation, defined for this research as the time difference between what was planned and what actually happened, is important as it can affect the productivity performance of construction tasks. The construction process is complex and consists of a large number of interdependent tasks. When the starting time and/or duration of one task varies, it can affect other downstream tasks and result in disruptions to the schedule and/or decreased productivity. This research examined the effect of using a risk assessment matrix in conjunction with the Last Planner System (LPS) method to reduce and/or eliminate task duration variation. A case study was conducted involving a mechanical contractor who specializes in plumbing, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. The company compared the performance of two separate, but similar projects. The LPS method was used with one of the projects and the company’s traditional planning system was used with the other (i.e., not using the LPS system). A total of 16 we...
Learning Scale Free Networks by Reweighted L1 regularization

Methods for ‘1-type regularization have been widely used in Gaussian graphical model selection tasks to encourage sparse structures. However, often we would like to include more structural information than mere sparsity. In this work, we focus on learning so-called \scale-free" models, a common feature that appears in many real-work networks. We replace the ‘1 regularization with a power law regularization and optimize the objective function by a sequence of iteratively reweighted ‘1 regularization problems, where the regularization coecients of nodes with high degree are reduced, encouraging the appearance of hubs with high degree. Our method can be easily adapted to improve any existing ‘1-based methods, such as graphical lasso, neighborhood selection, and JSRM when the underlying networks are believed to be scale free or have dominating hubs. We demonstrate in simulation that our method signicantly outperforms the a baseline ‘1 method at learning scale-free networks and hub networks, and also illustrate its behavior on gene expression data.
Catalyst design for enhanced sustainability through fundamental surface chemistry

Decreasing energy consumption in the production of platform chemicals is necessary to improve the sustainability of the chemical industry, which is the largest consumer of delivered energy. The majority of industrial chemical transformations rely on catalysts, and therefore designing new materials that catalyse the production of important chemicals via more selective and energy-efficient processes is a promising pathway to reducing energy use by the chemical industry. Efficiently designing new catalysts benefits from an integrated approach involving fundamental experimental studies and theoretical modelling in addition to evaluation of materials under working catalytic conditions. In this review, we outline this approach in the context of a particular catalyst-nanoporous gold (npAu)-which is an unsupported, dilute AgAu alloy catalyst that is highly active for the selective oxidative transformation of alcohols. Fundamental surface science studies on Au single crystals and AgAu thin-film alloys in combination with theoretical modelling were used to identify the principles which define the reactivity of npAu and subsequently enabled prediction of new reactive pathways on this material. Specifically, weak van der Waals interactions are key to the selectivity of Au materials, including npAu. We also briefly describe other systems in which this integrated approach was applied.
Measuring Destination Marketing Comparing Four Models of Advertising Conversion

Conversion studies are a standard technique by which marketers evaluate advertisement effectiveness. A review of the tourism literature finds that advertising conversion studies use a number of metrics that have evolved to include most aspects of visitor decisions; however, this literature also indicates that there are few comparative studies focusing on the variability of response. The overall goal of this study is to identify and compare estimates of impact on visitor expenditures using four different approaches ranging from traditional advertising models (i.e., gross conversion rate and net conversion rate) to a more comprehensive facets-based destination advertisement response (DAR) model. The various models result in a huge range of impact estimates and it is concluded that the DAR model offers, both theoretically and practically, a powerful framework for evaluating advertising response in that it incorporates the possibility that destination advertising affects decisions related to a range of trip-r...
Outcomes of an illness self-management group using wellness recovery action planning.

Objective The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the impact of participation in an illness self-management recovery program (Wellness Recovery Action Planning-WRAP) on the ability of individuals with severe mental illnesses to achieve key recovery related outcomes. Methods A total of 30 participants from three mental health centers were followed immediately before and after engaging in a 12-week WRAP program. Results Three paired sample t-tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of WRAP on hope, recovery orientation, and level of symptoms. A significant positive time effect was found for hope and recovery orientation. Participants showed improvement in symptoms, but the change was slightly below statistical significance. Conclusions These preliminary results offer promising evidence that the use of WRAP has a positive effect on self-reported hope and recovery-related attitudes, thereby providing an effective complement to current mental health treatment.