cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The RNA Epitranscriptome of DNA Viruses.

RNA modifications have generated much interest in the virology field, as recent works have shown that many viruses harbor these marks and modify cellular marks. The most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), has been examined extensively at the genome-wide scale in both cellular and viral contexts. This Gem discusses the role of m6A in gene regulation and describes recent advancements in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and simian virus 40 (SV40) research. We provide insights into future research related to m6A in DNA viruses.
Using Randomized Controlled Trials to Estimate Long-Run Impacts in Development Economics

We assess evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on long-run economic productivity and living standards in poor countries. We first document that several studies estimate large positive ...
Physical amplification of chemical colorimetric sensing

Rapid and sensitive detection of hazardous chemicals is essential for worker safety in industrial environments and for soldier safety in the field. In this work, we propose a physical coloration platform to passively amplify existing colorimetric sensing mechanisms. We outline a design process which can be targeted to an arbitrary colorimetric indicator and target and fabricate as a demonstration a sensor which produces noticeable color change on reaction with ammonia in the vapor phase.
Perspective: Global country-by-country response of public interest in the environment to the papal encyclical, Laudato Si′

Abstract Environmental issues are strongly influenced by their human dimensions, so understanding this relationship is important for effective conservation. This study investigates changes in public interest in the environment after the release of Laudato Si'. Comparisons between searches for church-related and environmental topics before and after its release demonstrate significantly raised public interest in both areas, especially in Catholic countries. There were important differences between developed countries and countries with other economic classifications. After decades of declining interest in the environment, Laudato Si' may be catalyzing societal transformation similar to that performed by the 1969 encyclical Humanae Vitae. Regulation of abortion in the U.S.A. went from a non-political issue in 1969 to a primary dividing line between the political parties in 1976. Two years after release of Laudato Si', the Catholic Church had implemented a long-term sustainability plan for what could grow into a major Catholic environmental movement, similar to the anti-abortion movement. The results within suggest public interest in the environment may already be growing as a result. No previous environmental movement has benefitted from this kind of support, and this provides reason for hope that environmental progress is just around the corner.
The redistributive effects of forward guidance

Abstract We examine the redistributive effects of forward guidance under the zero lower bound. We show that the effects of forward guidance depend on savers’ asset positions and the nature of financial frictions. If borrowers are constrained on the issuance of new debt, savers’ wealth is exposed to future inflation and real interest rates. In some cases, a negative wealth effect is strong in that forward guidance cannot mitigate recession.
Effects of arthropod prey turnover on the chemical traits of poison frogs: a landscape ecology approach to assess the phenotypic consequences of biotic interactions

Abstract Biotic interactions can promote phenotypic change, yet we have a limited understanding of how phenotypes respond to concomitant interactions with many species. We introduce a framework to investigate how biotic interactions contribute to spatially structured phenotypes and apply it to the drivers of chemical defense variation among populations of the poison frog Oophaga pumilio (Dendrobatidae). Specifically, we assess how beta-diversity of alkaloid-bearing arthropod prey assemblages (based on projected distributions of toxic ant species) and evolutionary divergence among O. pumilio populations (based on a neutral genetic marker) contribute to poison composition variation over the range of these frogs. Under Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling, ant assemblage turnover predicted alkaloid turnover and geographic regions harboring unique toxin combinations in O. pumilio. Evolutionary relatedness between frog populations had a weak effect on poison composition variation based on a Multiple Matrix Regression approach. By leading to spatially structured phenotypes, biotic interactions promote eco-evolutionary feedbacks and functional diversity in ecological communities. The analytical framework proposed here can be extended to other multi-trophic systems, coevolutionary mosaics, microbial assemblages, and ecosystem services.
Fixpoint reuse for incremental JavaScript analysis

Frequently updated programs cause the cost of static analysis to be multiplied by the number of program versions. When the baseline cost is high (for example, analyzing JavaScript), this multiplicative factor can be prohibitive. As an example, JavaScript-based browser addons are continually updated and there are known instances where malicious code has been injected into such updates; thus the addons must be repeatedly vetted each time an update happens. Incremental analysis reduces this cumulative cost by reusing analysis results of previous versions to reduce the cost of analyzing an updated version. However, existing incremental analyses are not applicable to dynamic programming languages such as JavaScript because they make assumptions that don't hold in this setting. In this paper, we propose the first incremental static analysis for JavaScript. We do not require perfect precision, but we show empirically that there is negligible precision loss in practice. Our technique includes a method for matching code between JavaScript program versions, a non-trivial problem which existing techniques do not solve. For our benchmarks, drawn from real browser addons and node.js programs, our incremental analysis performance is on average within a factor of two of an optimal incremental analysis.
INDIVIDUAL AND DYADIC PREDICTORS OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Technology has the ability to enhance and enrich the lives of older adults by facilitating better relationships, health, and well-being. However, older adults vary in how often—and even whether—they use information and communication technologies (ICTs). Further, interactions and relationships with people in their immediate social networks might have implications for whether or not older adults adopt ICTs. In two studies of individuals (N=595 participants; Mage=67.09; 56% Female; 69.2% White) and couples (N=542 couples; Mage=63.65; 50% Female; 83.9% White), I examined individual and dyadic predictors of technology adoption among older adults. Among a wide array of individual difference constructs, the most reliable predictor of technology adoption in both individuals and their spouses was need for cognition (.08 ≤ r ≤ .23). The results will be discussed in the context of how individual differences modulate adoption and the benefits accrued from ICTs across the lifespan.
A Tppp3 + Pdgfra + tendon stem cell population contributes to regeneration and reveals a shared role for PDGF signalling in regeneration and fibrosis

Tendon injuries cause prolonged disability and never recover completely. Current mechanistic understanding of tendon regeneration is limited. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics to identify a tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 3-expressing (Tppp3+) cell population as potential tendon stem cells. Through inducible lineage tracing, we demonstrate that these cells can generate new tenocytes and self-renew upon injury. A fraction of Tppp3+ cells expresses platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdfgra). Ectopic platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) protein induces new tenocyte production while inactivation of Pdgfra in Tppp3+ cells blocks tendon regeneration. These results support Tppp3+Pdgfra+ cells as tendon stem cells. Unexpectedly, Tppp3-Pdgfra+ fibro-adipogenic progenitors coexist in the tendon stem cell niche and give rise to fibrotic cells, revealing a clandestine origin of fibrotic scars in healing tendons. Our results explain why fibrosis occurs in injured tendons and present clinical challenges to enhance tendon regeneration without a concurrent increase in fibrosis by PDGF application.
Maya militia: the defense and government of colonial Ixil, Yucatan

To the westward of Telchac, 9 miles, is a lookout tower, and a rancho of a few huts, named Yxil in a grove of cocoanut [sic] trees.W.W. Gillpatrick, U.S.N., 18851 The road from the town of Ixil is ...
The Phenomenology of Orphan Black as Molecular Politics

Orphan Black stands out as an innovative filming of woman understood in her phenomenological reality, provocatively engaging preconceived ideas of being female. The iterations of the clones beget a pristine intentionality and motility, disengaged from a dominant symbolic order, while building their stories without reporting to an original unity. The clones are multiple but are also one, and they forge an alliance based on and enhanced by difference. The constant switching among each other provides a dynamic economy of exchange where the only form of currency being circulated is literally the self. Each clone supplies a different state of femininity with its own specificities, and together they generate a broader score always open to new contributions, a molecular politics or (re)invention towards a post-oedipal society.
Mass spectrometric investigations of caloric restriction mimetics

Caloric restriction (CR) is an innovative therapy used in tumor tissue and tumor model studies to promote cell death and decrease cell viability. Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) are a class of drugs that induce CR and starvation conditions within a cell. When used simultaneously with other chemotherapy agents, the effects are synergistic and effective at promoting tumor cell death. In this review, we discuss CRMs and their potential as cancer therapeutics. Firstly, we establish an overview of CR and its impacts on healthy and tumor cells. CR and CRM drugs have shown to decrease age-related diseases and can act as an anti-cancer agent. As it can be challenging for an individual to diligently stick to a diet that would induce CR, CRMs are even more desirable. Then, we discuss the drug class by highlighting three CRMs: resveratrol, (-)-hydroxycitric acid, and rapamycin. These CRMs are commonly known for their dietary effects, but the underlying mechanisms that drive cellular metabolic and proteomic changes show promise as a cancer therapeutic. Lastly, we highlight the use of mass spectrometry and proteomic techniques on experiments utilizing CRM drugs to understand the cellular pathways impacted by this drug class, leading to a better understanding of the anti-cancer properties and potentials of CRM.
Nanoparticle-Based Delivery to Treat Spinal Cord Injury—a Mini-review

There is an increasing need to develop improved and non-invasive strategies to treat spinal cord injury (SCI). Nanoparticles (NPs) are an enabling technology to improve drug delivery, modulate inflammatory responses, and restore functional responses following SCI. However, the complex pathophysiology associated with SCI presents several distinct challenges that must be overcome for sufficient NP drug delivery to the spinal cord. The objective of this mini-review is to highlight the physiological challenges and cell types available for modulation and discuss several promising advancements using NPs to improve SCI treatment. We will focus our discussion on recent innovative approaches in NP drug delivery and how the implementation of multifactorial approaches to address the proinflammatory and complex immune dysfunction in SCI offers significant potential to improve outcomes in SCI.
Asset Management Decision Support Model for Water Distribution Systems: Impact of Water Pipe Failure on Road and Water Networks

AbstractFailure of a buried water pipeline can have an adverse effect on neighboring infrastructure, especially road networks. The impact of the failure of water pipelines on road networks and wate...
Transport-driven engineering of liposomes for delivery of α-particle radiotherapy to solid tumors: effect on inhibition of tumor progression and onset delay of spontaneous metastases.

Highly cytotoxic α-particle radiotherapy delivered by tumor-selective nanocarriers is evaluated on metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). On vascularized tumors, the limited penetration of nanocarriers (<50–80 μm) combined with the short range of α-particles (40–100 μm) may, however, result in only partial tumor irradiation, compromising efficacy. Utilizing the α-particle emitter Actinium-225 (225Ac), we studied how the therapeutic potential of a general delivery strategy using nanometer-sized engineered liposomes was affected by two key transport-driven properties: (1) the release from liposomes, when in the tumor interstitium, of the highly diffusing 225Ac-DOTA that improves the uniformity of tumor irradiation by α-particles and (2) the adhesion of liposomes on the tumors’ ECM that increases liposomes’ time-integrated concentrations within tumors and, therefore, the tumor-delivered radioactivities. On an orthotopic MDA-MB-231 TNBC murine model forming spontaneous metastases, we evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), biodistributions, and control of tumor growth and/or spreading after administration of 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes, with different combinations of the two transport-driven properties. At 83% of MTD, 225Ac-DOTA-encapsulating liposomes with both properties (1) eliminated formation of spontaneous metastases and (2) best inhibited the progression of orthotopic xenografts, compared to liposomes lacking one or both properties. These findings were primarily affected by the extent of uniformity of the intratumoral microdistributions of 225Ac followed by the overall tumor uptake of radioactivity. At the MTD, long-term toxicities were not detected 9.5 months post administration. Our findings demonstrate the potential of a general, transport-driven strategy enabling more uniform and prolonged solid tumor irradiation by α-particles without cell-specific targeting.
Special education faculty decision-making regarding designing and delivering family-professional partnership content and skills in the U.S.

Abstract Despite policy and research supporting meaningful family-professional partnerships (FPPs) in U.S. schools, reported school practices demonstrate that such partnerships often do not come to fruition. One paramount barrier to FPP involves limited teacher preparation in university coursework. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore special education faculty decision-making regarding designing and delivering FPP content and skills in U.S. institutions of higher education. The authors report three key themes: (a) FPP definitions and targeted skills, (b) rationale for prioritizing FPP skills, and (c) strategies for teaching FPP skills.
Selecting A Theoretical Framework to Guide Research on the COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on Nursing Care Delivery and the Critical Care Work System (Using Reed’s Intermodern Approach to Theory Critique)

Abstract Understanding the impact of COVID-19 on nursing care delivery in critical care work systems is urgently needed. Theoretical frameworks guide understanding of phenomena in research. In this paper, we critique four theoretical frameworks (Donabedian's Quality Model, the Quality Health Outcomes Model, the Systems Research Organizing Model, and the Systems Engineering (SEIPS) 2.0 Model) using (blinded) (2018) Intermodern philosophical perspective of nursing science. (blinded) (2018) Intermodern approach to theory critique was selected for its pragmatic perspective and focus on personal and professional health and wellbeing. The SEIPS 2.0 Model was ultimately selected to guide the study of the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on nursing care delivery in the critical care work systems.
Observational learning of a motor skill.

Female subjects (n = 180) observed live model demonstrations that were presented either (a) before practice, (b) prior to and midway through practice, or (c) midway through practice. The effects of the temporal spacing of model presentations on subject’s subsequent performance was examined. Also, subjects performed before the experimenter only, a model audience, or an audience consisting of strangers, with an additional no-audience control condition. The no-audience control group had significantly lower performances than all other groups. Evidence for the effectiveness of temporal spacing of the model presentation was indicated, but no significant differences were found for the audience factor.
An analysis of original research contributions toward FDA-approved drugs

Academic researchers shaped the landscape of drug discovery for nearly two centuries, and their efforts initiated programs for more than half of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved new molecular entities (NMEs). During the first 50 years of the 20th century, contributions from industry-based discovery programs steadily increased, stabilizing near half of all first publications for NMEs. Although academia and industry have made similar contributions to the discovery of FDA-approved NMEs, there remains a substantial difference in the gap-to-approval; on average, industry NMEs are 12 years closer to market at the time of the first publication. As more drug discovery efforts shift from industry to academia, including high-throughput screening resources, academia could have an increasingly crucial role in drug discovery.
Nonlinear Optics of Free Electrons

The free-electron model is well suited to the study of linear and nonlinear x-ray scattering. Here, the relativistic motion of free electrons in electromagnetic fields is described within the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism and nonlinear scattering of electromagnetic waves is interpreted as the re-radiation from these charges in anharmonic motion.
Sarcomatous tumours of the kidney

Variable patterns of behaviour in relation to ‘Wilms’ tumour’ had been recognized for many years 1. The identification of several new entities then led to gradual attrition of the tumour category. Congenital mesoblastic nephroma was the first such entity to be identified. Others followed, including a small subgroup with a distinct microscopy that had been recognized earlier for its propensity to metastasize to bone. Subsequently, the first National Wilms’ Tumor Study (NWTS) reported three sarcomatous patterns associated with a poor outcome2. These patterns were referred to as rhabdomyosarcomatoid, clear-cell pattern and the hyalinizing pattern. The term ‘rhabdomyosarcomatoid’ was based on the light microscopic features that suggested muscle differentiation; ultrastructural studies, however, subsequently failed to confirm muscle differentiation and the tumours were renamed rhabdoid tumours3. Tumours with a similar microscopic pattern were later described in extrarenal locations4; their precise relationship to the renal tumours has yet to be clarified5.
Toxicity of Anti-dog Lymphocyte Serum to Normal and Leukemic Human Lymphocytes

Rabbit anti-dog lymphocyte serum plus rabbit complement had a rapid cytocidal effect on blood lymphocytes from 11 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The titer of the immune sera varied from 1:42 to 1:530 with a mean titer of 1:100. The sera showed minimal or no toxicity to lymphocytes from normal persons with a titer of > 1:10 in 13 of 18 cases. A similar differential toxicity to normal and leukemic lymphocytes was observed with rat anti-dog lymphocyte serum. However, guinea pig and horse anti-dog lymphocyte sera or globulin were equally toxic to normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. Leukemic lymphocytes incubated with rabbit anti-dog lymphocyte serum and rabbit complement showed early nuclear degenerative changes and paranuclear vacuoles. The cytologic degenerative changes suggested that the nucleus or nuclear membrane may be the first site of action of the immune serum.
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure programs increased lung static compliance in female rat offspring (715.5)

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the risk for postnatal lung disease, in part, through programmed alterations in gene expression patterns. A consequence of altered gene ...
QTL Conditioning Yield and Fruit Quality Traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Abstract Yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var. sativus) is conditioned by interrelated traits that are affected by environment. Characterization of yield components and the effects of environment on their expression are critical to plant improvement. Earliness, and fruit yield and quality components of cucumber were investigated by examining cross-progeny (BC and S3) derived from a wide mating [gynoecious Cucumis sativus var. sativus line GY14 X monoecious C. sativus var. hardwickii (R) Alef. PI 183967]. A molecular marker map constructed from F2 individuals was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for each trait examined, and to assess the consistency of QTL across 1991 and 1992, and two planting densities (29,000 and 58,000 plants ha−1). QTL affecting earliness (days to anthesis and number of barren nodes), fruit yield (fruit number and weight at two harvest times) and shape [length (L), diameter (D), and L:D ratio] were identified. The traits examined were less affected by planting densi...
Embedding Information Visualization within Visual Representation

Despite its often technical nature, visualization is in many ways a form of visual representation. Just how visualization relates to illustration, information graphics, digital art, visual languages, etc., is nonetheless poorly understood. We propose a theory that embeds information visualizationwithin other visual traditions in terms of criteria that are not purely technical: dependence on data, mapping, interactivity, and notationality. In addition to providing the means for a classification, these criteria also foster a different understanding of information visualization. We further adapt our criteria to differentiate within visualization, using mapping, readability and information loss, and notationality as the criteria. Both sets of criteria are demonstrated in a number of case studies.We believe that our novel taxonomies of visualization methods serve as a step towards a more comprehensive theoretical context to understanding the essential purposes, properties, and functions of information visualization.
Destructive Leadership and the Penn State Scandal: A Toxic Triangle Perspective

Alderfer's (2013) piece on the Sandusky/Penn State tragedy reminds us that leader-centric analyses, the norm in leadership studies, often miss the mark. Alderfer joins a growing list of writers who increasingly recognize that leadership consists of three key elements in a triangle: leaders, followers, and environments. The Penn State scandal highlights how a conducive environment, typified by centralized power and an absence of checks and balances, coupled with flawed leaders and the actual assistance or quiet submission of certain followers, can lead to disastrous outcomes. As Alderfer observes, leadership is a social, or group, process. Leadership success or failure depends on group results, and group results involve more than just leaders and their characteristics and actions. Yet, over three-quarters of articles in scholarly journals consistently overlook the role of organizational environments and followers (Porter & McLaughlin, 2006), focusing instead on leader traits and behaviors (Kaiser, Hogan, & Craig, 2008; Thoroughgood, Padilla, Hunter, & Tate, 2012).
FMC high power density electric drive technology

FMC has developed a unique capability in energy-efficient, high-performance AC induction electric drive systems for electric and hybrid vehicles. These drives will not only be important to future military ground combat vehicles, but will also provide significant competitive advantages to industrial and commercial machinery and vehicles. The technology developed for the military into industrial and commercial vehicle applications. The product line under development includes drive motors and associated power converters directed at three power/vehicle weight classes. These drive systems cover a broad spectrum of potential vehicle applications, ranging from light pickup trucks to full-size transit buses. The drive motors and power converters are described. >
Reconstitution of Mice with Modified Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Stem cell transplantation is well established in humans for the treatment of hematopoietic disease, including hematopoietic malignancies. Similar direct transplant procedures can readily be performed in mice; these procedures can be paired with retroviral infection to introduce exogenous genes or to silence endogenous genes in a subset of cells in the murine hematopoietic system. The resulting mice are chimeric for cells bearing a specific alteration. This approach has the advantage of examining tumorigenesis on a largely wild-type background (if only a subset of cells are infected), a situation that more accurately parallels the human situation. Additionally, tumor development occurs within the appropriate native microenvironment. Here, we describe the isolation and retroviral infection of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), as well as the reconstitution and monitoring of tumor formation in lethally irradiated recipient mice. This protocol requires a source of long-term HSCs; these can include either stimulated adult bone marrow or fetal liver—the site of primitive hematopoiesis.
Translating time: chronicle, prognostication, prophecy

The early modern period knew two kinds of writing about time: writing the past, and writing the future. Chronicles, as exemplified by the Nuremburg Chronicle of Hartmann Schedel and his associates printed in 1493, might entail mobilizing the intellectual talents of a city's patrician elite in order to import Italian humanist historiography north of the Alps, and then from Latin into the vernacular. Astrological prognostications, of which thirty or more editions might be published in a given year, represent the meeting of scientific and popular discourse, while prophetic pamphlets belonged firmly to the popular realm. In this article, I demonstrate how, in each of these genres, translation was a creative rather than a derivative activity, one that drove development in the genre and brought forth printed works of new kinds. For the chronicle, translation created a history writing that was aware of its own print media context; for prognostications, translation created the characteristic form of the printed booklet still known as the Practica teusch long after Latin prognostications were all but unknown; and for prophecies in print, translation was a constitutive part of their origin and transmission as texts: to become a prophecy, a text had to be translated from one medium, one era, one context, or one language into another.
Time-domain impulse response characteristics of a wideband, fiber-optic, true time-steered array beamformer

The time-domain impulse response of a wideband, fiber-optic, true time-delay array receiver is measured for the first time. The system demonstrates squint-free ±60° azimuthal steering and is capable of receiving and steering 113 ps pulses without discernible pulse distortion from the optical beamformer.
Simple Closed-Form Approximations for the Error Performance of Digital Modulations in Generalized Fading Channels

This article derives several new and simple closed-form approximations for the average symbol error rate (ASER) and outage probability performance metrics of digital communication systems impaired by additive white Gaussian noise and fading. These approximations utilize the coefficients of the Poincare series expansion for the probability density function (PDF) of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) random variable in conjunction with Mellin transform of the conditional error probability (CEP) and/or its auxiliary functions to generalize some of the known asymptotic ASER/outage probability expressions to a wider range of modulation schemes and different types of propagation environments (including ?-µ, ?-µ, a- µ fading channels). Moreover, a new class of asymptotic approximations for the ASER/outage probability are also presented (based on a normalized asymptotic PDF of SNR) that is considerably better than the conventional high-SNR approximation, although both techniques need only the first non-zero term of the Maclaurin (if exists) or the Poincare series expansion of the channel PDF.
Detection of shift in binaural images: A rating method approach'

Two practiced listeners were run in a lateralization task in which a rating method was employed. The detection of right and left shifts from the center position was determined. The effect of frequency of the signal was also assessed in the lateralization task. In addition, nine naive listeners were run in a similar situation in order to determine the feasibility of the use of the rating method approach with untrained Ss. First-half, second-half comparisons were determined to check reliability of the technique and also to evaluate the effect of number of trials. The experimental results indicate the procedure is a promising one for the study of directional shifts in binaural stimuli with practiced listeners.
The Role of Parental Consent in Adolescent Substance Use Research

Abstract Purpose The objective of our study was to assess the effects of requiring parental consent upon study participation and self-reported substance-related problems among 14–18-year-olds. Methods This was a secondary analysis of combined data from two similar studies of adolescent substance use that recruited participants from the same adolescent clinic at Children's Hospital Boston. Study 1 waived parental consent, whereas Study 2 required parental consent. The combined dataset included demographic characteristics and Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble (CRAFFT) study screening test responses. The CRAFFT is an orally administered screen that yields a score from 0–6 and that has been shown to be a valid and reliable measure of risk for substance-related problems. Results The participation refusal rate in Study 1, where consent was waived, was 19.7% (132 of 670 eligible individuals) and in Study 2 (243 of 411 eligible individuals), where consent was required, it was 59.1% ( p U test for differences in mean rank. The mean rank in Study 1 was significantly higher than in Study 2 (mean rank 362 vs. 325, p = .02). After controlling for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, the adjusted proportional odds ratio for a one-point increase in CRAFFT score was 1.47 (CI 1.03, 2.10) for Study 1 compared with Study 2. Conclusions The research requirement of parental consent may result in substantial self-selection bias towards a lower risk sample.
Elemental Abundances in Evolved Supergiants. I. NGC 330, a Young SMC Cluster

We report on the results of our analyses of high-quality spectroscopic observations of seven giants in NGC 330. The mean value of [Fe/H] for the cluster is -0.94 ± 0.02 (σ = 0.04). This is consistent with the results of Spite et al. and slightly less than those of the recent study of V. Hill. We see evidence of the products of CNO cycling. The average ratio of 12C/13C is near 8, which is about half of the value predicted by the models of Schaller et al., but we do not detect the predicted enhancement of 0.3–0.6 dex in the N abundance. We find no excess of O relative to Fe despite the stars' low metallicities. Our analysis of the heavy elements from Zr to Eu indicates that the ratio of r/s processes is greater in NGC 330 than in the Sun.
A Review of: “Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing.”

In the spirit of full disclosure, it should be noted that the publisher of this book, Morgan Kaufmann, has recently been acquired by Taylor & Francis. In addition to publishing this journal, Taylor...
Self-association and stability of the ApoE isoforms at low pH: implications for ApoE-lipid interactions.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) isoforms are known to differentially accumulate in the lysosomes of neuronal cells, and the deleterious effects of the apoE4 isoform in Alzheimer’s disease may relate to its properties at the low lysosomal pH. However, the effect of pH on the molecular properties of full-length apoE is unclear. Here we examine the pH dependence of the monomer–dimer–tetramer reaction, of lipid binding, and of the stability of the three major apoE isoforms. Using FRET measurements, we find that the association–dissociation behavior of apoE proteins changes dramatically with changes in pH. At pH 4.5, approximating the pH of the lysosome, rate constants for association and dissociation are 2–10 times faster than those at pH 7.4. Aggregation beyond the tetrameric form is also more evident at lower pH values. Stability, as measured by urea denaturation at pH 4.5, is found to be considerably greater than that at neutral pH and to be isoform dependent. Lipid binding, as measured by turbidity clearance of u...
Young men's violence and spaces of addiction: opening up the locker room

With this essay, I take to task the relations between young men, addiction and spaces of violence with a particular focus on combat zones. Geographic theories of affect help elaborate the complex relations between young men's emotions, their addictive propensities and how that benefits the governance unities that create war machines. Deleuze's notion of the fold complicates those benefits by suggesting why some young men no longer fit the so-called normalcy of life back home and why they desire, rather, a continuous return to spaces of violence. My arguments are focused by Sebastian Junger's War (2010) and Restrepo (2010), Kathryn Bigelow's The Hurt Locker (2009), which present, in different ways, the potency of combat. The work focuses on difference and identity and, by so doing, suggests ways that affect can have political valence.
Canada Dry wiseguys at Apalachin: politics and the social construction of a crime problem

This essay contrasts what little has become known about the Apalachin meeting with the myth of organized crime in America emerging in its aftermath. Constructing a myth about crime essentially involves the manipulation of information. One of the fundamental techniques utilized in constructing the Mafia myth, drawn in part from events at Apalachin, was the creation of criminal stereotypes. Public officials and especially the media played up the image of the Italian wiseguy. Transforming the opinions of “experts” into incontrovertible facts was another common technique used by both the media and government officials. Most prominent in the Apalachin myth construction was the use of undocumented sources of authority. Among the various bodies investigating Apalachin, the McClellan Committee was especially guilty of masking its own preconceived opinions through the use of supposedly independent police sources. Yet a review of the hearing transcripts clearly demonstrates that Committee witnesses and investigators were called to confirm an already favored viewpoint.
Modelling of directional solidification: from Scheil to detailed numerical simulation

Abstract Solute segregation in crystals grown by variations on the directional solidification method has long been correlated by the simple idea of a well mixed melt and a uniform stagnant film adjacent to the interface. All the details of convection in the melt are hidden in the single parameter, the diffusion layer thickness δ. Although extremely useful as a qualitative measure of convection, this description potentially oversimplifies the complex interactions of the furnace geometry, heat transfer and buoyancy driven convection in setting the flow pattern and solute segregation. Today, detailed numerical simulations of directional solidification are feasible that include all of the complexity introduced by the presence of the melt/crystal interface, convection in the melt and heat transfer throughout the system. This paper reports results of simulations of directional solidification of dilute alloys in a prototypical vertical Bridgman system. The predictions of these calculations are compared directly with the stagnant film model of segregation. It is demonstrated that although the diffusion layer thickness can be used to correlate the transition between intense convection in the melt and diffusion-controlled growth, it does not necessarily correspond to a physical picture of the solute transport in the bulk and does not predict the dependence of the radial uniformity of the composition on the flow. Direct comparison between the calculations and growth experiments for gallium-doped germanium demonstrate the accuracy of the numerical simulations for predicting the behavior of real systems.
Effects on Balance Disturbance of Manipulating Depth of an Independent Visual Background in a Stereographic Display

Simulator sickness (SS) is a major impediment to use of virtual environments (VEs). Procedures to alleviate SS have been of limited value. The ‘independent visual background’ (IVB) may reduce SS when people use a VE. Optimum characteristics of IVBs remain to be determined. In this study, balance was disturbed by roll oscillation of a black and white radial pattern. Disturbance was reduced by simultaneous presentation of an IVB. Effects of locating the IVB in the foreground or background relative to the moving radial pattern using a stereographic display were determined. Nine subjects were tested at two IVB luminance levels and three different IVB conditions using a within-subjects design. An expected statistically significant difference between the IVB and no-IVB conditions was observed. No effect of IVB location was obtained. Effects of foreground / background manipulations on spatial orientation are addressed.
Resolution of complex mixtures of nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on polyethyleneimine–cellulose☆

Abstract A method is given for resolving a complex mixture of nucleic acid bases, nucleosides, and nucleotides on polyethyleneimine–cellulos MN-300 chromatofilms. The nucleotides are prevented from migrating when the individual nucleic acid bases and nucleosides are separated from each other. Also, in the course of the development that resolves the nucleotides, the nucleic acid bases and nucleosides disappear. Thus, the procedure simplifies the isolation and detection of individual components of a complex mixture of nucleic acid derivatives. The method was applied satisfactorily to the analysis of alkai hydrolysates of the transfer ribonucleic acids of E . coli B and of yeast.
Inheritance and Expression of Transgenes in Barley

Empirical assessments of transgene inheritance and phenotypic expression will assist in the development of efficient breeding strategies for transgenic germplasm, and guide research into the improvement of transformation techniques. The inheritance of a barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) coat protein gene and bar, and the expression of bar as measured by resistance to glufosinate-ammonium damage, was studied in the T 1 and T 3 generations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) populations derived from seven independent transformation events. Most populations deviated from Mendelian inheritance patterns, and several showed evidence of transgene silencing. To further study transgene behavior, several transgenic lines were crossed to a diverse set of nontransgenic cultivars and breeding lines to produce single cross- and backcross-derived populations. In these populations, the inheritance of glufosinate-ammonium resistance generally fit Mendelian expectations for single, dominant loci. Quantitative measurements of glufosinate-ammonium resistance showed heritable variability for glufosinate-ammonium resistance both among and within individual transformation events, but no variability could be attributed to the different genetic backgrounds of the nontransgenic parents. It is concluded that, although transgenic parents such as these can be used in a breeding program, transformation systems that result in greater stability of transgene behavior are desirable.
From knowledge transfer to learning: The acquisition and assimilation of human capital in the United Arab Emirates and the other Gulf States

Abstract This paper examines efforts by the United Arab Emirates and the other Arab Gulf States to use their oil wealth to “import” the human capital necessary to diversify their economies beyond oil. It explores how new forms of development capacity, necessary to create and sustain new industries in the Gulf, are acquired in the context of a global labor market. By studying the circulation and absorption of global human capital in the Gulf, this paper seeks to move beyond the focus on how institutions render flows of knowledge transferable or not. Instead, it emphasizes the ways in which institutions shape the ability of a place to assimilate and integrate foreign knowledge locally. This is accomplished by presenting results from surveys conducted with 300 foreign and local firms from throughout the Gulf region and key-informant interviews undertaken with 30 representatives of firms in Abu Dhabi and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The results indicate that Gulf strategies to attract international investment, trade and migration have succeeded. These efforts, however, have not been accompanied by social integration mechanisms for the assimilation of external knowledge. Expatriate workers and foreign firms adapt their knowledge transactions for application to the region’s unique business and regulatory environments. Once in its localized form, this knowledge circulates within bounded, expatriate social spaces. These results, however, vary across key industries and locations. The key exception is found in the region’s financial sector, where local employment quotas have mandated high levels of learning via foreign–local interaction, and where locally embedded, personal relationships are the most valued asset a knowledge-worker can possess.
Impaired Agency in Schizophrenia: Family Therapy with a Young Adult Patient

ABSTRACT This article illustrates the value of utilizing brief psychodynamically oriented interventions to examine how problematic family dynamics exacerbate underlying internal deficits in a young adult with schizophrenia. The propensity for enactments to occur in psychodynamic family therapy is also emphasized. A clinical example illustrates the family therapist's capacity to detect and understand the potential for an enactment, to remain differentiated from the family, and to make conscious the family's unconscious defensive behaviors, which allows family members to begin to recognize the ways in which they are caught in loyalty binds that may inhibit the development of a personal sense of agency by the young adult.
Free convective heat transfer from slender cylinders subject to uniform wall heat flux

Abstract For laminar flows over slender cylinders, the boundary-layer equations do not admit similarity solutions as do the laminar layers over cylinders with large radius. Consequently, the prediction of heat transfer from such surfaces requires the solution of a system of partial differential equations for different boundary conditions and Prandtl number. In the present paper we study the free-convective heat transfer from slender cylinders subject to uniform wall heat flux. This is done by solving the boundary-layer equations by an efficient numerical method described in reference (1).
The effects of four mercury compounds on the generation time and cell division in Tetrahymena pyriformis, WH14.

The effects of four mercuric compounds (HgCl/sub 2/, phenyl mercuric acetate, ethyl mercuric chloride, and methyl mercuric chloride) on the generation time of Tetrahymena pyriformis have been investigated. HgCl/sub 2/ is the least toxic of the four compounds. It causes an increase (5-150%) in the generation time between concentrations of 1.5-5.29 mg/l. Similar observations for phenylmercuric acetate, ethylmercuric and methylmercuric chloride were made at concentrations of 0.022-0.54 ml/liter, 0.04-0.3 mg/liter and 0.04-0.140 mg/liter, respectively. Preliminary observations from experiments that used 2-mercaptoethanol to ameliorate the toxicity of organomercurials suggest that thiol groups are the target sites. The concentrations of each of the four mercurials that cause a 100% increase in the generation time are 1.6 x 10/sup -5/ M, 1.3 x 10/sup -6/ M, 7.4 x 10/sup -7/ M, and 5.6 x 10/sup -7/ M, respectively. The interaction of organomercurials with microtubule proteins is discussed as a possible mechanism for inhibition of cell division. 13 references, 4 figures, 3 tables.
New catheter design for cannulation of the anomalous right coronary artery arising from the left sinus of valsalva.

Cannulation of an anomalous right coronary artery during coronary angiography and percutaneous intervention poses significant technical difficulties using currently available catheter shapes. We describe a new catheter design and the cannulation technique for application of this catheter. The initial experience with this catheter in cases is reported.
Steganalysis Embedding Percentage Determination with Learning Vector Quantization

Steganography (stego) is used primarily when the very existence of a communication signal is to be kept covert. Detecting the presence of stego is a very difficult problem which is made even more difficult when the embedding technique is not known. This article presents an investigation of the process and necessary considerations inherent in the development of a new method applied for the detection of hidden data within digital images. We demonstrate the effectiveness of Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) as a clustering technique which assists in discerning clean or non-stego images from anomalous or stego images. This comparison is conducted using 7 features [1] over a small set of 200 observations with varying levels of embedded information from 1% to 10% in increments of 1%. The results demonstrate that LVQ not only more accurately identify when an image contains LSB hidden information when compared to k-means or using just the raw feature sets, but also provides a simple method for determining the percentage of embedding given low information embedding percentages.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of guanylhydrazone coactivator binding inhibitors for the estrogen receptor.

Most patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer eventually develop resistance to traditional antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, and this has become a major obstacle in their treatment. We prepared and characterized the activity of a series of 16 guanylhydrazone small molecules that are designed to block estrogen receptor (ER) activity through a non-traditional mechanism, by directly interfering with coactivator binding to agonist-liganded ER. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was determined in cell-based transcription assays using ER-responsive reporter gene and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Several of the compounds gave IC 50 values in the low micromolar range. Two secondary assays were used to confirm that these compounds were acting through the proposed non-traditional mode of estrogen inhibitory action and not as conventional antagonists at the ligand binding site.