cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The intestinal protozoa of the wood-feeding roach Panesthia

1. The Protozoa from the hindgut of the wood-feeding roaches Panesthia javanica and P. spadica are described.2. These Protozoa are to be regarded as commensals.3. They belong to three subphyla of the phylum Protozoa.4. Two are flagellates, Monocercomonoides panesthiae sp.nov. and Hexamita cryptocerci Cleveland.5. Two species of Endamoeba are described, E. philippinensis sp.nov. and E. javanica sp.nov., the former small and a bacteria feeder, the latter large and xylophagous.6. An unidentified amoeba was observed in one roach.7. Nyctotherus uichancoi sp.nov. was found in the majority of Panesthia javanica and infrequently in P. spadica.8. Nine species of heterotrichous ciliates (Clevelandia gen.nov. and Paraclevelandia gen.nov.) make up the family Clevelandiidae fam.nov.9. This family is characterized by the posterior position of the mouth which may occur at the end of a projection, varying in length. It is closely related to the family Plagiotomidae, to which Nyctotherus belongs.10. A well-integrated neuromotor system is described in the family Clevelandiidae, being practically identical in all members.11. The relationships of Panesthia, Cryptocercus, the domestic cockroaches, and the termites are discussed on the basis of their protozoan faunas.
A model-based approach to automotive three-way catalyst on-board monitoring

Abstract A model-based three-way automotive catalyst monitoring and fault detection strategy is presented in this work. The performance of the catalyst is inferred from the error between the post-catalyst exhaust gas oxygen sensor air fuel ratio measurement and the model predicted value. A simplified catalyst oxygen storage and reversible deactivation model is employed to predict the post-catalyst air fuel ratio. The model-based strategy is based on the use of a test statistic that is computed from a window of post-catalyst air fuel ratio prediction error data updated in real-time. A fault is assumed to be present when the value of this statistic exceeds a threshold determined from some specified confidence level. We illustrate several test statistics using engine operating data and conclude with an evaluation of this strategy.
Centrality in affiliation networks

This paper discusses the conceptualization, measurement, and interpretation of centrality in affiliation networks. Although centrality is a well-studied topic in social network analysis, and is one of the most widely used properties for studying affiliation networks, virtually all discussions of centrality and centralization have concerned themselves with one-mode networks. Bonacich's work on simultaneous group and individual centralities is a notable exception (Social Networks, 1991, 13, 155–168). I begin by outlining the distinctive features of affiliation networks and describe four motivations for centrality indices in affiliation networks. I then consider properties of some existing centrality indices for affiliation networks, including the relationship between centralities for actors and events in these networks, and present a new conceptualization of centrality that builds on the formal properties of affiliation networks and captures important theoretical insights about the positions of actors and events in these networks. These centralities are then illustrated on Galaskiewicz's data on club and board memberships of a sample of corporate executive officers (Social Organization of an Urban Grants Economy. New York: Academic Press, 1985). The conclusion to this paper discusses strengths and weaknesses of centrality indices when applied to affiliation networks.
Correspondence theorems for modules and their endomorphism rings

Let RN be a left R-module and let B = End RM be its endomorphism ring. When investigating the relationship between properties of B and properties of M, one very useful and well-known technique makes use of two natural dual Galois connections, Gl and G2, which exist between the lattice, L, of submodules of M and the lattices, L, or L,, of right or left ideals of B. The Galois connection, Gl, is given by the maps rg: L -+ L, and i,: L, --f L, where rB( U) = {h f B: Uh = 0 >, for U G M, and I,(J) = {FIZZ M: mJ= 01, for JC B. Hcrc, the restrictions, YB and fJw, of rB and I, to the Galois objects of GI, E={UEL:U=~J here, the relevant ideals of B are all the finitely generated (f-g.) right ideals, since B is right noetherian if and only if it satisfies the ascending chain condition (a.c.c.) on f.g. right ideals. Now, when M is quasi-injective, every f.g. right ideal of B is a Galois object of G I. Moreover, FB and r, induce orderreversing bijections between the f.g. right ideals of B and the finitely closed submodules of M; hence, we can deduce that B is right noetherian if and only if A4 has the d.c.c. on finitely closed submodules [ 1, Corollary 4.3( 1 )I. 380 0021~8693,‘89 $3.00
Adhesion properties of decagonal quasicrystals in ultrahigh vacuum

The atomic scale adhesion properties of two high-symmetry surfaces of decagonal Al-Ni-Co quasicrystals have been investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) in ultrahigh vacuum. Imaging the surface allowed us to distinguish the plastic regime from the elastic (reversible) regime of tip-sample contact. The work of adhesion of the atomically clean quasicrystal surface in the plastic regime is smaller than that of single crystalline Pt(111) by a factor of 10, reflecting a lower surface energy for the quasicrystal surface. However, the adhesion force must be reduced even further, in order to make measurements outside of the plastic regime possible. We present a strategy for doing this that involves chemical modification of the surface or the tip, together with appropriate choice of mechanical contact parameters.
Changes in surface composition and morphology of UF4 targets during heavy ion irradiation

Abstract The changes in surface composition and morphology have been measured for UF 4 targets subjected to high dose irradiation (5 × 10 18 ions) with ∼195 MeV 37 Cl (∼5.3 AMeV). Using atomic force microscopy and an electron microprobe, we observed significant morphological changes in the targets along with changes in chemical composition.
Optimum step design for centering of pistons moving in an incompressible fluid

Hydrodynamic effects are analyzed for a stepped piston moving within a tight clearance tube filled with an incompressible fluid. Hydrostatic effects are analyzed and a complete solution is obtained and an optimum step design for centering of the piston is suggested. The axial speed resulting from an axial driving force is calculated, and some experimental results for pistons falling in a water-filled tube are presented.
Fluorescence studies on the interaction between two cytochromes extracted from the yeast, Hansenula anomala

Abstract The binding of cytochrome c to the cytochrome b 2 core, both extracted from the yeast, Hansenula anomala , has been studied. Cytochrome b 2 core heme is extracted and replaced by the fluorescent probe, 2- p -toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS). A dissociation constant in the range of 85 μ m is found for the TNS-apoprotein complex with a stoichiometry of 1:1. The interaction between the two proteins is followed by monitoring changes in the TNS fluorescence. We find the interaction between the cytochrome c and the apocytochrome b 2 core to be dependent upon the ionic strength. The dissociation constant of this complex at 20 m m ionic strength is 6 ± 2 μ m with a 1:1 stoichiometry. This dissociation constant is similar to that estimated, by other researchers, for the dimer Zn cytochrome c -cytochrome b 2 core complex.
Expression of β-Catenin in Prostatic Adenocarcinomas: A Comparison with Colorectal Adenocarcinomas

We studied 101 prostatic adenocarcinomas (72 acinar 29 ductal) and 16 cases with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN) immunohistochemically for the expression of beta-catenin and compared the staining patterns with those of nonneoplastic prostatic epithelium and 24 colorectal adenocarcinomas. While nuclear staining for beta-catenin was evident in 20 (83%) colorectal adenocarcinomas, predominantly, membranous staining was observed in 89 prostatic adenocarcinomas (88%); the remaining 12 cases showed no immunoreactivity. In prostatic tumors expressing beta-catenin, staining intensity was comparable, increased, and decreased in 81, 4, and 4 cases, respectively compared with adjacent nonneoplastic prostatic epithelium. No prostatic adenocarcinomas demonstrated nuclear staining. The beta-catenin staining characteristics in HPIN were comparable to those in nonneoplastic prostatic epithelium. Negative staining for cytokeratins (CKs) 7 and 20, high-molecular-weight (HMW) CK, and villin and positive staining for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were seen in 22 prostatic adenocarcinomas examined, in contrast with colorectal adenocarcinomas, which stained positively for CK20 and villin and negatively for CK7, HMWCK, and PSA. These data suggest that the beta-catenin signaling pathway acts differently in prostatic than in colorectal tumorigenesis. The immunophenotypes documented herein also might aid in the distinction between prostatic and colorectal origins when metastasis is encountered.
A block Wiedemann rank algorithm

This paper makes two contributions to block Wiedemann algorithms. We describe how to compute the minimal generating matrix polynomial using Beckermann and Labahn's Fast Power Hermite-Pade Solver, and we develop a block Monte Carlo method to compute rank of a black box matrix over a large field by extending the Kaltofen-Saunders black box matrix rank algorithm.
Working with DICOM craniofacial images

The increasing use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) requires changes in our diagnosis and treatment planning methods as well as additional training. The standard for digital computed tomography images is called digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM). In this article we discuss the following concepts: visualization of CBCT images in orthodontics, measurement in CBCT images, creation of 2-dimensional radiographs from DICOM files, segmentation engines and multimodal images, registration and superimposition of 3-dimensional (3D) images, special applications for quantitative analysis, and 3D surgical prediction. CBCT manufacturers and software companies are continually working to improve their products to help clinicians diagnose and plan treatment using 3D craniofacial images.
Immunotherapy and radiation therapy: considerations for successfully combining radiation into the paradigm of immuno-oncology drug development.

As the immunotherapy of cancer comes of age, adding immunotherapeutic agents to radiation therapy has the potential to improve the outcomes for patients with a wide variety of malignancies. Despite the enormous potential of such combination therapy, laboratory data has been lacking and there is little guidance for pursuing novel treatment strategies. Animal models have significant limitation in combining radiation therapy with immunotherapy and some of the limitations of preclinical models are discussed in this article. In addition to the preclinical challenges, radiation therapy and immunotherapy combinations may have overlapping toxicities, and for both types of therapy, early and late manifestations of toxicity are possible. Given these risks, special attention should be given to the design of the specific Phase I clinical trial that is chosen. In this article, we describe several Phase I design possibilities that may be employed, including the 3 + 3 design (also known as the cohort of 3 design), the c...
Diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: a validity study of the fetal alcohol syndrome checklist

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a common cause of developmental disability, birth defects, and mortality. The performance characteristics of current diagnostic tools for FASD are not adequately reported. This study examines the performance characteristics of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic Checklist (FASDC). In a population of 658 subjects from North Dakota, we used the FASDC score to examine the agreement between FASDC score, clinical diagnosis, and the Institute of Medicine criteria for FASD. All subjects were seen for evaluation in the genetic/dysmorphology clinics, which are funded by the state to provide genetic diagnostic services for residents of North Dakota. We compared the clinical diagnosis and the FASDC scores to determine the performance characteristics of the FASDC in the categorical diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum (FAS), other-FASD, and a group with No-FASD. Comparisons were made using univariate and logistic models of outcomes using both the presence and the absence of alcohol exposure or FASDC phenotype data. The FASDC performance characteristics for differentiation of the FAS group from non-FASD were excellent (accuracy 99%, sensitivity 99%, and specificity 99%). Logistic models for subjects with scores in the FASD range were differentiated with an accuracy of 82%, sensitivity 85%, and specificity 80% using the data on phenotype and exposure. We were able to delineate subjects with scores in the No-FASD range with an accuracy of 78%, sensitivity 64%, and specificity 81% without including the exposure and phenotype data by use of the other descriptive data (maternal characteristics, birth records, and demographic data) from the FASDC. All diagnostic tools should have performance characteristics assessed and available before adoption for use in clinical settings. The FASDC scores produce diagnostic groupings that approximate expert clinical judgment. The tool may be useful in other clinical settings for the diagnosis of FASD or as an FASD registry or research database.
An Assessment of the Institutional Vision of Catholic Colleges and Universities.

Institutional vision is a philosophical template”a concept of what, at its best, a college or university is like and the kinds of human beings that institution is attempting to cultivate. A content analysis of the institutional vision of a nation-wide sample of Catholic schools was performed and key linguistic components found to constitute a well conceived, viable, and easily diffused mission and vision were isolated. The prevalence of these components in comparison to other types of religious schools and secular four-year institutions is discussed. Findings suggest that Catholic schools are vision-driven institutions that communicate their priorities and defining characteristics by employing clear, highly optimistic, and inspirational language. They do little to articulate effectively a unification among the community of students, faculty, and staff, or coordinate their vision of the institution with that of the administration. They are less likely than other types of religious and secular schools to address the pragmatic benefits of their education.
Data fusion with international large scale assessments: a case study using the OECD PISA and TALIS surveys

Background: In the context of international large scale assessments, it is often not feasible to implement a complete survey of all relevant populations. For example, the OECD Program for International Student Assessment surveys both students and schools, but does not obtain information from teachers. In contrast the OECD Teaching and Learning International Survey assesses teachers and schools but does not assess students. Clearly, important information is missing from both assessments. One approach to obtaining information from both surveys is through data fusion – a variety of methods that can be used to create a synthetic data set containing information from both surveys. Methods: This paper presents an experimental evaluation of a representative group of data fusion methods using data from Iceland – the only OECD country that implemented both PISA and TALIS to all members of the relevant populations.
The Effects of Self-Monitoring on Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Who Are Receiving Pharmacological Interventions

A multiple baseline design was employed for this study to assess the effects of using a self-monitoring procedure to enhance on-task behavior of students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder who were already receiving pharmacological treatment. Three male subjects in a public school, ages 8 to 11, were selected for the study because of their frequent off-task and inattentive behaviors in the classroom, despite their receiving psychostimulant medication. The subjects were classified as having emotional/behavioral disorders according to criteria established by the state of georgia. Intervention involved training in self-monitoring procedures. A functional relationship was established between independent and dependent variables: all 3 subjects demonstrated an increase in on-task behavior when self-monitoring was utilized. A combination of pharmacological intervention and self-monitoring procedures enhanced the students' on-task behavior.
Dynamo: a model for a distributed multi-media information processing environment

Dynamo is an object-oriented information model that underlies the Dynamo system, a general-purpose system for information management in a shared, distributed environment. The aim of the Dynamo system is to serve as a software platform for supporting a broad range of multimedia information processing activities than can be undertaken on a technical workstation. The Dynamo model synthesizes concepts from object-oriented programming languages and databases, hypermedia, CAD, (computer-aided design), and simulation. The core of the model consists of a very simple notion of active objects of which virtual time is an integral element. Objects are defined incrementally using cloning and delegation, and realize hypertextlike nodes and links with more expressive power than the usual passive links of hypertext. Virtual time provides the basis for a uniform approach to synchronization, versioning, and configuration control. >
Expression of soluble adhesion molecules in sera of women with stage III and IV endometriosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of stage III and IV endometriosis on serum concentration of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. METHODS: Sera from women with laparoscopically proven stage III and IV endometriosis were analyzed for the presence of soluble ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Concentrations of these molecules were compared with those of laparoscopically proven disease-free controls. RESULTS: When compared with controls, women with stage III and IV endometriosis had higher serum concentrations of soluble VCAM-1, lower serum concentration of soluble ICAM-1, and no difference in serum concentration of soluble E-selectin. CONCLUSION: Significant aberrations in levels of circulating adhesion molecules were found in women with stage III and IV endometriosis. These findings might shed light on the pathogenesis of endometriosis and be useful in the development of biochemical markers for disease stage.
UV Radiation Inhibits 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Levels in Human Skin: Evidence of Transcriptional Suppression

Elevated levels of prostaglandins (PG) have been detected in the skin following UV radiation (UVR). PGs play an important role in mediating both the acute and the chronic consequences of UVR exposure. UVR-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) contributes to increased PG synthesis. In theory, reduced catabolism might also contribute to increased PG levels. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin deyhdrogenase (15-PGDH), a tumor suppressor gene, plays a major role in PG catabolism. In this study, we investigated whether UVR exposure suppressed 15-PGDH while inducing COX-2 in keratinocytes and in human skin. UVR exposure caused dose-dependent induction of COX-2, suppression of 15-PGDH, and increased prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in HaCaT cells. Exposure to UVR suppressed the transcription of 15-PGDH, resulting in reduced 15-PGDH mRNA, protein, and enzyme activities. UVR exposure induced Slug, a repressive transcription factor that bound to the 15-PGDH promoter. Silencing Slug blocked UVR-mediated downregulation of 15-PGDH. The effects of UVR were also evaluated in the EpiDerm skin model, a three-dimensional model of human epidermis. Here too, COX-2 levels were induced and 15-PGDH levels suppressed following UVR exposure. Next, the effects of UVR were evaluated in human subjects. UVR treatment induced COX-2 while suppressing 15-PGDH mRNA in the skin of 9 of 10 subjects. Collectively, these data suggest that reduced expression of 15-PGDH contributes to the elevated levels of PGs found in the skin following UVR exposure. Possibly, agents that prevent UVR-mediated downregulation of 15-PGDH will affect the acute or the long-term consequences of UVR exposure, including nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Longitudinal Myocardial Velocity Gradient Derived from Pulsed Doppler Tissue Imaging in AL Amyloidosis: A Sensitive Indicator of Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction

Abstract Objective This study was performed to clarify whether the longitudinal myocardial velocity gradient could give new insights into the features of congestive heart failure in patients with primary amyloidosis. Methods A total of 33 consecutive patients with biopsy specimen–proven primary amyloidosis were examined by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging. Results In all, 22 had evidence of heart involvement, of whom 11 had clinical congestive heart failure. Sample volumes were placed on basal and midventricle in the apical 2- and 4-chamber views. Peak systolic, and peak early and late diastolic wall-motion velocities were measured at each site. Longitudinal myocardial velocity gradients were calculated as the difference between basal and midmyocardial velocities. Single-point analysis of pulsed Doppler tissue imaging could not distinguish any difference among groups, whereas the longitudinal myocardial velocity gradients in systole and early diastole were significantly impaired in the patients with congestive heart failure compared with both the patients without cardiac involvement and those with cardiac amyloidosis without congestive heart failure. Conclusion Longitudinal myocardial velocity gradient is a sensitive method for detecting systolic and diastolic dysfunction in cardiac amyloidosis and is superior to single-point analysis Doppler tissue imaging.
Effect of Length of Incubation Period on Gross Nutritive Value of Contents of Fertile Eggs

Abstract BECAUSE there is a scarcity of high-quality protein supplements, it is desirable to have as much information as possible about the feeding value of all protein materials that might be used in feeding poultry or other livestock. Therefore, it seemed desirable to publish the results of an experiment that was conducted at the Beltsville Research Center between November 2, 1937, and January 11, 1938, for the purpose of comparing the gross nutritive value of the dried contents of several lots of fertile eggs that had been incubated for different lengths of time. Publication would serve two purposes: First, it would put on record the results of the experiment; and, second, those results would give some indication of the probable nutritive value of the dried contents of eggs that customarily are removed from incubators because they are infertile or contain dead embryos. The writers have estimated that in 1942 the refuse . . .
Toward a Steiner engine: enhanced serial and parallel implementations of the iterated 1-Steiner MRST algorithm

The minimum rectilinear Steiner tree (MRST) problem is known to be NP-hard, and the best performing MRST heuristic to date is the Iterated 1-Steiner (I1S) method recently proposed by A.B. Kahng and G. Robins (1992). The authors develop a straightforward, efficient implementation of I1S, achieving speedup factors of over 200 compared to previous implementations. They also propose a parallel implementation of I1S that achieves high parallel speedup on K processors. Extensive empirical testing confirms the viability of the approach, which allows the benchmarking of I1S on nets containing several hundred pins. >
Asystole following positive pressure insufflation of right pleural cavity: a case report.

Introduction Adverse hemodynamic effects with severe bradycardia have been previously reported during positive pressure insufflation of the right thoracic cavity in humans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of asystole during thoracoscopic surgery with positive pressure insufflation.
Rapid small‐scale starch isolation using a combination of ultrasonic sonication and sucrose density separation

The proposed rapid small-scale starch isolation technique in the laboratory was a combination of dry grinding of grain, suspension of the resulting flour in extraction buffer, application of ultrasonic sonication, then separation by sucrose density centrifugation. Light microscopy of separated fractions showed intact starch granules in the pellet and proteins and damaged starch in the top layer. The extraction method yielded 61% starch from sorghum and 63% from maize. The isolated starch showed lower starch damage and proteins content than by the conventional method. The gelatinization enthalpy of isolated starch was slightly higher than by wet grinding conventional method. In addition to low amount of starting flour (100 mg) the new starch isolation method was performed in less than 2 h from dry grinded seed to dried starch. Thus, it could be a useful method for cereal chemists and plant genetists.
Education as Social Innovation

Education is an area where public and private sectors increasingly collaborate. The so-called ‘third sector’, which represents non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and Development Agencies (DAs), also plays a part, when collaborations take the form of a multi-stakeholder project. A 2012 research by the Foundation Strategy Group shows that successful and sustainable models contribute to both citizenship and business growth (Porter 2011, 2012). In fact, we may even go as far as saying that the combination of citizenship and business growth is the new definition of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Issues in Education are wide and complex, social and even economic by nature. Businesses can play a positive role to foster innovation in Education and contribute to better learning. In this chapter, we want to analyse possible motives, scenarios and benefits of collaborative projects in education.
Targeting prostate cancer progenitor cells with telomerase interference: A novel therapeutic strategy

e22029 Background: We investigated whether telomerase, which is critical for benign stem cell activation, also plays a role in prostate cancer progenitor cells (PCPCs), which are thought to mediate...
We Can Hear You Now (B): Voice of the Customer Project at Crutchfield Corp

Appropriate for marketing and operations managment courses. Appropriate for marketing and operations management services courses. The director of customer service of a catalog electronics business has asked a Six Sigma Black Belt for assistance in evaluating several ideas to effectively obtain and analyze feedback from users of its customer service department. Students are to evaluate the design and findings from a similar project, focused on sales agent performance, run several years before and then recommend a Six Sigma project design and execution plan to assess the customer feedback from inquires involving delivery dates, order charges, complaints, and product returns.
Noninvasive determination of optical properties of adult brain with frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy

Absolute optical values for the human adult brain are difficult to measure due to the layered structure of head. We used long-range multi-distance frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure absolute optical values of each tissue layer in the human head. We determined baseline optical values for the forehead in 30 adults (age range 21 to 50). We found that tissue oxygenation was relatively narrowly distributed (STD~3%) within the subject group, whereas hemoglobin concentrations and optical parameters had a relatively broader distribution. In addition, the distance dependence of optical and physiological parameters showed the layered structure of the human head. These measurements allowed determination of absolute optical properties in each layer of the adult head.
Abstract 4027: Myc controls mRNA stability through the agency of AU-binding proteins to promote lymphomagenesis

Myc oncoproteins regulate transcription by binding to target genes harboring E-boxes or Initiator elements, yet these responses explain only a fraction of the genes Myc affects. mRNA turnover is controlled via binding of AU-binding proteins (AUBPs) to AU-rich elements (AREs) found within many transcripts. Expression analyses of precancerous and malignant Myc-expressing B cells revealed Myc regulates hundreds of ARE-containing genes and several AUBPs. Notably, Myc directly suppresses transcription of Tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA-destabilizing AUBP, and TTP suppression is a hallmark of Myc-driven lymphoma in mice and man. Furthermore, TTP has profound effects on tumorigenesis, where restoring TTP impairs Myc-induced lymphoma development and abolishes maintenance of the malignant state; thus, TTP functions as a tumor suppressor. Finally, the Myc-to-TTP pathway regulates a very select cast of ARE-containing genes that control cell proliferation and transformation. Thus, Myc utilizes AUBPs to target ARE-containing genes in its efforts to control cell fate and transformation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4027. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4027
Experimental Inoculations of Trichomonads from Man into the Prostate Gland of Rats

SummaryThe 3 species of Trichomonas do not show any significant difference in survival time in the prostate gland if they have had previous animal passage. It is interesting to note that without previous passage T. buccalis and T. vaginalis closely resemble each other in their survival time. This is in accordance with the opinions of several workers who have pointed out the morphological similarities of these two species.Although it obviously cannot be assumed that conditions in the prostate gland of the rat and of man are identical, these experiments do indicate that trichomonads can survive for some time in this type of tissue. Furthermore, by making cultures of the expressed prostatic fluid the incidence of T. vaginalis may prove to be greater than present statistics indicate.
Oviposition Behavior of Hylemya (Delia) sp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae): Suboptimal Host Plant Choice?

Host species preference tests were performed on two groups of the seed predator Hylemya (Della) sp. to determine oviposition choice. One group was captured in the field while ovipositing on Ipomopsis aggregata . The second group came from the confamilial Polemonium foliosissimum . A dimorphism was discovered, with each group preferring the plant species upon which it was originally found. However, egg mortality was greater on I. aggregata , suggesting that P. foliosissimum should always be the preferred host. These results are therefore evolutionarily paradoxical. Selection of a specific individual on which to oviposit is based on similar criteria in both plant species. There is a positive correlation between egg deposition and inflorescence size. There is also a positive association between inflorescence size and pollinator visitation frequency, making it likely that flowers chosen as oviposition sites will set enough seeds to ensure full larval development. Thus, regardless of host species preference, oviposition behavior within a species appears to be adaptive.
Knowledge Author: facilitating user-driven, domain content development to support clinical information extraction

Clinical Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems require a semantic schema comprised of domain-specific concepts, their lexical variants, and associated modifiers to accurately extract information from clinical texts. An NLP system leverages this schema to structure concepts and extract meaning from the free texts. In the clinical domain, creating a semantic schema typically requires input from both a domain expert, such as a clinician, and an NLP expert who will represent clinical concepts created from the clinician’s domain expertise into a computable format usable by an NLP system. The goal of this work is to develop a web-based tool, Knowledge Author, that bridges the gap between the clinical domain expert and the NLP system development by facilitating the development of domain content represented in a semantic schema for extracting information from clinical free-text. Knowledge Author is a web-based, recommendation system that supports users in developing domain content necessary for clinical NLP applications. Knowledge Author’s schematic model leverages a set of semantic types derived from the Secondary Use Clinical Element Models and the Common Type System to allow the user to quickly create and modify domain-related concepts. Features such as collaborative development and providing domain content suggestions through the mapping of concepts to the Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus database further supports the domain content creation process. Two proof of concept studies were performed to evaluate the system’s performance. The first study evaluated Knowledge Author’s flexibility to create a broad range of concepts. A dataset of 115 concepts was created of which 87 (76 %) were able to be created using Knowledge Author. The second study evaluated the effectiveness of Knowledge Author’s output in an NLP system by extracting concepts and associated modifiers representing a clinical element, carotid stenosis, from 34 clinical free-text radiology reports using Knowledge Author and an NLP system, pyConText. Knowledge Author’s domain content produced high recall for concepts (targeted findings: 86 %) and varied recall for modifiers (certainty: 91 % sidedness: 80 %, neurovascular anatomy: 46 %). Knowledge Author can support clinical domain content development for information extraction by supporting semantic schema creation by domain experts.
An Anthropology of Ethics: An ethics of reckoning

What first brought me to the bit of property in the near middle of the Texas prairie known as Mount Carmel was a curiosity bordering on the lurid that had as fuel a long-standing interest in millenarianism, a widely publicized and lethal confrontation, a lecture, an unexpected academic appointment, and the possibility of a day trip in a new home state. In 1980, I graduated with a BA in anthropology and philosophy from Reed College. While at Reed, I joined a long line of anthropology majors before me in coming under the spell of the formidable Gail Kelly, who was herself under the spell of the anthropology of millenarianism. Enough said, except that Professor Kelly was under its spell for what she unabashedly regarded as its primitivism, its exoticism and its irrationalism – the binary opposite, thus, of all that she regarded herself to be (exoticism excepted). I was not thus bewitched. In 1990, I returned to Reed to teach in the anthropology department and in the program in the humanities. On March 2 or 3, 1993, I was slated to offer a lecture in the humanities program on early Christian millenarianism. Some three days prior to that lecture, agents of the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms raided the Branch Davidian compound and engaged those inside in a gun battle that left four of the agents and six inside the compound dead. A standoff ensued.
Mentoring in the Movies

N. Meyers (Producer and Director). The Intern [Motion Picture]. USA: Warner Brothers 2015. 121 min.J. J. Abrams (Producer and Director). Star Wars: The Force Awakens [Motion Picture]. USA: Walt Dis...
Approximate computing: Challenges and opportunities

Approximate computing is gaining traction as a computing paradigm for data analytics and cognitive applications that aim to extract deep insight from vast quantities of data. In this paper, we demonstrate that multiple approximation techniques can be applied to applications in these domains and can be further combined together to compound their benefits. In assessing the potential of approximation in these applications, we took the liberty of changing multiple layers of the system stack: architecture, programming model, and algorithms. Across a set of applications spanning the domains of DSP, robotics, and machine learning, we show that hot loops in the applications can be perforated by an average of 50% with proportional reduction in execution time, while still producing acceptable quality of results. In addition, the width of the data used in the computation can be reduced to 10–16 bits from the currently common 32/64 bits with potential for significant performance and energy benefits. For parallel applications we reduced execution time by 50% using relaxed synchronization mechanisms. Finally, our results also demonstrate that benefits compounded when these techniques are applied concurrently. Our results across different applications demonstrate that approximate computing is a widely applicable paradigm with potential for compounded benefits from applying multiple techniques across the system stack. In order to exploit these benefits it is essential to re-think multiple layers of the system stack to embrace approximations ground-up and to design tightly integrated approximate accelerators. Doing so will enable moving the applications into a world in which the architecture, programming model, and even the algorithms used to implement the application are all fundamentally designed for approximate computing.
Friction consolidation of gas-atomized FeSi powders for soft magnetic applications

Abstract Soft magnetic materials are often limited in scalability due to conventional processes that do not retain beneficial microstructures, and their associated physical properties, during densification. In this work, friction consolidation (FC) has been studied to fabricate Fe Si soft magnetic materials from gas-atomized powder precursors. Fe Si powder is consolidated using variable pressure and tool rotation speed in an effort to evaluate this unique densification approach for potential improvements in magnetic properties. FC, due to the high shear deformation involved, is shown to result in uniform gradual grain structure refinement across the consolidated workpiece from the center nearest the tool to the edge. Magnetic properties along different orientations indicate little, if any, textural orientation in the refined grain structure. The effect of annealing on the magnetic properties is evaluated and shown to decrease coercivity. FC processing was able to retain the magnetization of the original gas-atomized powders but further process optimization is needed to reach the optimal coercivity for the soft magnetic materials applications.
Prostate brachytherapy, either alone or in combination with external beam radiation, is associated with longer overall survival in men with favorable pathologic Group 4 (Gleason score 8) prostate cancer.

Abstract Purpose Conventional prostate cancer risk stratification results in considerable heterogeneity within each prognostic group. Men with pathologic grade Group 4 (Gleason score 8) but otherwise low-risk features have been identified as a favorable subset of high-risk prostate cancer. Given recent randomized data supporting improved cancer outcome with brachytherapy in intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer, we sought to evaluate brachytherapy utilization and overall survival (OS) for these patients. Methods and Materials We queried the National Cancer Database for clinical T1c–T2a N0 M0 prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen Results Four thousand four hundred ninety-six patients were identified with a median followup of 62.5 months (range, 2.3–119.8). Median age was 72 years (range, 41–90+). Utilization of brachytherapy decreased from 2004 to 2009. The odds ratio for brachytherapy by year (continuous variable) was 0.86 ( p p = 0.005) or brachytherapy + EBRT (hazard ratio, 0.70; p = 0.001) remained associated with longer OS. Propensity score matching confirmed longer OS associated with either brachytherapy regimen. Conclusions Of those men with World Health Organization pathologic grade Group 4 (Gleason score 8) prostate cancer and otherwise favorable prognostic features treated with androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy, longer OS was achieved when prostate brachytherapy was included, whether used alone or in combination with supplemental EBRT. In spite of these excellent outcomes, prostate brachytherapy utilization is declining in the United States.
Revolt: Collaborative Crowdsourcing for Labeling Machine Learning Datasets

Crowdsourcing provides a scalable and efficient way to construct labeled datasets for training machine learning systems. However, creating comprehensive label guidelines for crowdworkers is often prohibitive even for seemingly simple concepts. Incomplete or ambiguous label guidelines can then result in differing interpretations of concepts and inconsistent labels. Existing approaches for improving label quality, such as worker screening or detection of poor work, are ineffective for this problem and can lead to rejection of honest work and a missed opportunity to capture rich interpretations about data. We introduce Revolt, a collaborative approach that brings ideas from expert annotation workflows to crowd-based labeling. Revolt eliminates the burden of creating detailed label guidelines by harnessing crowd disagreements to identify ambiguous concepts and create rich structures (groups of semantically related items) for post-hoc label decisions. Experiments comparing Revolt to traditional crowdsourced labeling show that Revolt produces high quality labels without requiring label guidelines in turn for an increase in monetary cost. This up front cost, however, is mitigated by Revolt's ability to produce reusable structures that can accommodate a variety of label boundaries without requiring new data to be collected. Further comparisons of Revolt's collaborative and non-collaborative variants show that collaboration reaches higher label accuracy with lower monetary cost.
Yoga for Chronic Depressive Symptoms in Pregnancy: A Commentary and Call to Action

Women with depressive symptoms during pregnancy are in great need of safe, inexpensive, non-pharmacologic, accessible, and effective adjunctive therapies to enhance well-being, reduce the burden of symptoms both during their pregnancy and into the postpartum period, and prevent chronic sequelae. Because maternal depressive symptoms are associated with a variety of poor maternal-child outcomes (e.g., poor maternal health behaviors, suicide, poor maternal-fetal/child attachment, intrauterine growth restriction, adult-onset chronic illnesses in offspring, among others), a focus on adequate symptom management during pregnancy is an urgent clinical and research priority. Prenatal yoga is a promising modality which involves gentle physical activity, breathing practices, and relaxation practices that may empower women to self-manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and reduce symptom burden during pregnancy and into the postpartum period. Continued high-quality research is warranted which uses established theoretical frameworks and which builds on my team’s and others’ preliminary research studies which have demonstrated that pregnant women prefer to play an active role in symptom management and that they view prenatal yoga as an accessible, preferred form of mindful physical activity. Yoga for depression in pregnancy 3.
Dynamic foraging of a top predator in a seasonal polar marine environment

The seasonal movement of animals at broad spatial scales provides insight into life-history, ecology and conservation. By combining high-resolution satellite-tagged data with hierarchical Bayesian movement models, we can associate spatial patterns of movement with marine animal behavior. We used a multi-state mixture model to describe humpback whale traveling and area-restricted search states as they forage along the West Antarctic Peninsula. We estimated the change in the geography, composition and characteristics of these behavioral states through time. We show that whales later in the austral fall spent more time in movements associated with foraging, traveled at lower speeds between foraging areas, and shifted their distribution northward and inshore. Seasonal changes in movement are likely due to a combination of sea ice advance and regional shifts in the primary prey source. Our study is a step towards dynamic movement models in the marine environment at broad scales.
Phenotype Analysis of Lymphocyte Subsets in Normal Human Bone Marrow

T-lymphocyte subsets in marrow aspirates taken from normal donors were analyzed with the use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Peripheral blood specimens from the same donors were analyzed concurrently and served as controls. Eighty-six percent of CD8-positive cells from marrow expressed the pan-T-cell markers CD2 and CD3, compared with 91% and 81%, respectively, of CD8-positive cells from peripheral blood. Virtually all CD8-positive marrow lymphocytes, however, were negative for CD11b as opposed to peripheral blood, where 18% exhibited positivity for this marker. Further, a higher percentage of marrow CD8-positive T-lymphocytes expressed HLA-DR (15.4%) than did those from peripheral blood (4%). Marrow CD4-positive subsets did not differ substantially from those of peripheral blood. These results support the concept of a selective homing of CD8-positive T-cells to the marrow and indicate that CD8-positive T-cells in the marrow are effector T-cells.
Prediction of Maximal Aerobic Power and Dynamic Muscular Strength Using RPE

Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength are important components of health-related physical fitness. The criterion measures for cardiorespiratory fitness and dynamic muscular strength are maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and one-repetition maximum (1RM), respectively. VO2max testing requires expensive laboratory equipment and expert personnel. Such maximal intensity testing may require physician clearance or supervision for older, sedentary and/or unfit individuals. 1RM testing requires the performance of multiple resistance exercise sets at near-maximal and maximal intensities and may not be safe for many individuals who are unfamiliar with resistance exercise or who have medical contraindications to high intensity exercise. Therefore, administration of maximal fitness test protocols may not be possible, pragmatic or even desirable in health-fitness and clinical settings. As such, submaximal tests have been developed to predict both VO2max and 1RM. It is proposed that the use of submaximal test protocols is both safe and cost-effective. Statistical models to predict VO2max have been based on the positive relation between HR and VO2 during load-incremented exercise. Models to predict 1RM have been based on the inverse relation between weight lifted and repetitions performed to the point of muscular fatigue. However, both VO2max and 1RM can be predicted from submaximal RPE. The use of RPE as a predictor variable in such tests is valid, technically simple, and easily understood by most individuals. In addition, submaximal fitness tests including the measurement of RPE can be used as an assessment of training-induced fitness changes. The primary purpose of this laboratory experiment is to predict VO2max/peak and 1RM from submaximal RPE measured during an estimation protocol exercise test.