cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress, coping, and well-being among the Yup`ik of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: the role of enculturation and acculturation

OBJECTIVES: To report on the relationships between cultural identity and stress, coping, and psychological well-being in Yup`ik communities. STUDY DESIGN: A quantitative self-administered questionnaire. METHODS: A health and wellness survey was completed by a total of 488 Yup`ik participants (284 women and 204 men) from 6 rural villages in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta region. Respondents were fairly equally distributed across an age range of 14 to 94 (mean +/- SD = 38.50 +/- 17.18). RESULTS: Participants who reported living more of a Kass`aq way of life (greater acculturation) reported experiencing greater psychosocial stress, less happiness, and greater use of drugs and alcohol to cope with stress. Participants who reported identifying more with a traditional Yup`ik way of life reported greater happiness, more frequent use of religion and spirituality to cope with stress, and less frequent use of drugs and alcohol to cope with stress. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with previous research, the data strongly indicates that in general, Yup`ik people in the Y-K Delta tend to associate stress and negative health outcomes with the process of acculturation, and health and healing with the process of enculturation. Research that focuses on documenting the intrinsic strengths of indigenous worldviews may contribute to positive transformations in community health. Keywords: acculturation; Alaska Natives; American Indians; coping; enculturation; stress (Int J Circumpolar Health 2007; 66(1):51-61)
Toward visual analysis of ensemble data sets

The rapid and continuing increase in available high-performance computing resources has driven simulation-based science in two directions. First, the simulations themselves are growing more complex, whether in the fidelity of the models, spatiotemporal resolution or (more frequently) both. Second, multiple instances of a simulation can be run to sample the results of parameters within a given space instead of at a single point. We name the results of such a family of runs an ensemble data set. In this paper we discuss the properties of ensemble data sets, consider their implications for analysis and visualization algorithms, and present a few insights into promising avenues of investigation.
Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobin. 3. Autoimmune T-lymphocyte proliferative response to mouse myoglobin

Abstract Previously, we have reported that antibodies against sperm-whale myoglobin (Mb) raised in several species recognized antigenic sites of sperm-whale Mb that had identical structures to the corresponding regions in the host Mb. Subsequently, autoantibodies were readily generated by immunization with host's autologous Mb. Since the immune responses to spermwhale Mb antigenic sites are under separate genetic control we have examined whether autoantigenic sites are also genetically controlled, and have determined T-cell participation in this autoimmune response. Mouse Mb was isolated from mice of the B10 background and its ability to invoke an autoimmune response in congenic mouse strains, also of the B10 background, was studied. Only the H-2 s haplotype was a high responder. The haplotypes H-2 b , H-2 d , H-2 f , H-2 j , H-2 k , H-2 p , H-2 q , H-2 u and H-2 v were very low or non-responders. Studies with recombinant strains indicated the involvement of two Ir genes in the autoimmune response, one mapping in the I-A (I-B) subregions and the other in the H-2D end.
Notes on discrete potential theory

A concrete example of a null chain for which the limits are not abel- summable is presented. It is the combination of two rooted trees, having 0 and 1 as roots, respectively. (L.N.N.)
Aggressive behavior during the reproductive cycle of female Peromyscus leucopus: effects of encounter site.

Effects of encounter site on changes in aggressiveness through the reproductive cycle of female Peromyscus leucopus were examined. Females in proestrus, on Days 5 or 20 of pregnancy, or on Days 5 or 20 of lactation were observed in encounters with a diestrous conspecific female, either in the experimental animal's home cage or in a neutral arena. Aggressiveness of females observed in their home cage increased from proestrus through pregnancy and lactation, with consistently high levels of aggression observed on Day 20 of pregnancy and on both days of lactation. However, increased aggressiveness was seen only on Day 5 of lactation, when females were observed in a neutral arena. These results could be explained as a manifestation of two different behavioral phenomena, or as the result of conflicts between aggressive and other competing behavioral tendencies. Results of this experiment demonstrate the importance of considering the environmental conditions under which a behavior pattern is observed when interpreting or comparing studies of behavior.
An inequality for rational functions with applications to some statistical estimation problems

The well-known Baum-Eagon inequality (1967) provides an effective iterative scheme for finding a local maximum for homogeneous polynomials with positive coefficients over a domain of probability values. However, in many applications the goal is to maximize a general rational function. In view of this, the Baum-Eagon inequality is extended to rational functions. Some of the applications of this inequality to statistical estimation problems are briefly described. >
The relationship between race, cigarette smoking and carotid intimal medial thickness in systemic lupus erythematosus

Racial differences are known to account for a higher incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as increased disease severity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are any race-specific risk factors that affect measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in SLE patients. Traditional and SLE-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were assessed in 106 female SLE patients. Carotid medial intimal medial thickness (mIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) were measured on all subjects. Differences were evaluated between races for all clinical, serologic, and CVD risk factors and the racial interactions with all covariables. Outcomes included mIMT and CAC. There were no significant differences between races with regard to mIMT or CAC. Significant covariables in the final model for mIMT included age, triglycerides, glucose, and race-age and race-smoking interactions. A prediction model with fixed significant covariables demonstrated that Black subjects with a smoking history had a significantly higher mIMT than Blacks who had never smoked, an effect not seen in Whites. There were no differences between having CAC or with the CAC scores between the races. In the final model for CAC, age and SLE disease duration were significant covariables impacting CAC. When controlling for other significant CVD covariables and interactions, Black women, but not White, with SLE with a history of smoking have higher mIMT measurements than those who have never smoked. This is the first report documenting the race-specific effect of smoking on subclinical measures of CVD in SLE.
Identification of a second Listeria secA gene associated with protein secretion and the rough phenotype

Summary We describe the identification and characterization of a second secA gene in Listeria monocytogenes. This gene, termed secA2, is involved in smooth–rough phenotypic variation and secA2 expression contributes to bacterial virulence. Spontaneous rough (R-) variants of L. monocytogenes grow in chains and form rough colonies on solid media. A subset of R-variants, classified here as type I, also shows reduced secretion of an autolysin, p60. We find that disruptions and in frame deletions in secA2 confer phenotypes identical to those of spontaneous type I R-variants. Additionally, the secA2 genes from two spontaneous type I R-variants encoded truncated SecA2 proteins. Mutations were not found in the secA2 genes from the remaining five independent R-variants, four of which showed a distinct (type II) rough morphology and secreted wild-type levels of p60. Expression of an epitope-tagged SecA2 in the ΔsecA2 strain and a spontaneous R-variant restored normal cell septation and smooth colony morphology. These data suggest that mutations in both secA2 and other genes contribute to smooth–rough phase variation in L. monocytogenes. Expression of the full-length SecA2 also promotes secretion of p60 and a set of additional L. monocytogenes proteins. We hypothesize that SecA2-dependent protein secretion plays a role in the colonization of environmental and host surfaces.
Responses of Litter-Dwelling Arthropods to four Different Thinning Intensities in Douglas-Fir Forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA

We investigated the response of litter-dwelling arthropods to the effects of four forestry thinning intensities (Control, Light Thin, Light Thin with Gap, and Heavy Thin). With the balance between timber demand and maintaining biodiversity in the forest ecosystem in mind, we examined the effects of thinning on the abundance, richness, and diversity of arthropods as an indicator of how ecological processes affect forest litter-dwelling fauna. Study sites were 40- to 60-year-old stands of typical Douglas-fir plantation in the Willamette National Forest, Oregon, USA. To examine the seasonal response of the litter-dwelling arthropods, litter debris and humus samples were collected in October 2000 (wet late-growing season, Late 2000), June 2001 (wet early-growing season, Early 2001), and August 2001 (dry mid-growing season, Mid 2001) and extracted with Tullgren funnels. The abundance and diversity of litter-dwelling arthropods decreased as thinning intensity increased. The decreases in both abundance and diver...
The expansion of information in ecological systems: Emergence as a quantifiable state

Abstract Although the term ‘emergence’ has received wide attention in the literature, most of this attention has been focused on epistemological discussions about the nature of what might be considered emergent behavior in self-organizing systems. For the concept of emergence to have any great utility for biologists, it must (1) be perceptible as a physical, quantitative property rather than just a philosophical one; (2) have a quantitative definition applicable to all levels of biological organization; and (3) be an essential component of biological system performance or evolution. Using an independent, cellular population model (running in the StarLogo system), we have developed a mutual information calculation to measure the information expansion when considering the interactions between a population of herbivores and an environment in comparison to the interactions between the individual herbivores and that environment. In self-organizing biological systems, the collective action of massively parallel units generates a greater potential complexity in the information processing capacity of the ‘whole’ system relative to the ‘individual’ parts, and as such, there is a demonstrable increase in mutual information content. From this perspective, we consider emergence to exist as a simple information expansion that is a default behavior of any system with multiple, component parts governed by a simple, probabilistic rule set. It is not a first principle of self-organizing biological systems, but rather a collective behavior that can be quantitatively described in practical terms for experimental biologists. With a quantitative formulation, the concept of emergence may become a useful information statistic in assessing the structure of biological systems.
Identification of Vanillic Acid as a Gatabolite of Noradrenaline Metabolism in the Human.

SummaryVA has been identified as a urinary catabolite of noradrenaline in man. In the 24-hour period following infusion of dlnoradrenaline-2-C14 into 4 subjects, the urinary VA accounted for 2.6% of the recovered C14.
HOW THE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES WORK

A review of mechanisms of oral contraceptive action in laymens terms is given. Oral contraceptives may contain a combination of progesterone-like substances with a small amount of estrogen. Chemically they are steroids and are closely related to male hormones (androgens). Oral contraceptives prevent ovulation at the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary or both through pharmacologic action. There is no direct effect on the ovaries. Gonadotropin inhibition is the most important anticonceptive activity produced by oral contraceptives. Side effects are mild to severe and include nausea edema mastalgia moderate bleeding virilization skin pigmentation and amenorrhea. Severe effects include impaired liver functions high blood pressure thrombophlebitis pulmonary embolism and cerebral thrombosis. Ideally a drug would suppress fertility without harmful endrocine results.
Effects of Management Intensity and Season on Arboreal Ant Diversity and Abundance in Coffee Agroecosystems

Agricultural intensification decreases arthropod predator diversity, abundance and population stability, and may affect interactions between top predators and their arthropod prey — ultimately affecting ecosystem services. Coffee management intensification (reduction or removal of shade trees) reduces diversity of arthropod predators (ground-foraging ants). Because ants provide ecosystem services by controlling pests, influences of intensification on arboreal, coffee-foraging ant diversity and abundance are important. We here address how coffee intensification affects: (1) coffee-foraging ant diversity and abundance and (2) seasonal fluctuations in ant abundance. In each of four coffee sites of varying management intensity in Chiapas, Mexico, we sampled vegetation and using two methods, sampled ant diversity and abundance over two years. Sites significantly differed in vegetation and management intensity. Coffee-foraging ant diversity generally decreased with increasing management intensity (16–26% fewer species observed in the most intensively-managed site). Ant abundance was higher in the wet season. Management intensity, however, did not influence ant abundance or seasonal fluctuations in abundance. Our results highlight the importance of diverse agricultural systems in maintaining arthropod predator diversity, and point to one model system in which we may effectively test how diversity per se affects ecosystem services.
A relational database for the monitoring and analysis of watershed hydrologic functions: I. Database design and pertinent queries

The need to monitor water quantity and quality has increased dramatically in recent years due to total maximum daily load requirements that address non-point source pollutants in our nation's water bodies. This has resulted in the need for data management techniques and tools to manage the vast amount of new hydrologic data being collected. Data must be stored, checked for errors, manipulated, retrieved for analysis, and shared within the hydrologic community. The Watershed Monitoring and Analysis Database is a relational database application developed as a data management tool to efficiently and accurately address the needs of individuals and groups responsible for maintaining hydrologic data sets. Stream flow, water quality, and meteorological data can be stored and manipulated within the database. Both remedial and advanced tasks can be simplified with the help of the user interface application, such as quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) calculations, application of correction and conversion factors, retrieval of desired data for advanced analysis, and data comparisons among multiple study sites. Web integration and local area network (LAN) database synchronization can be supported depending upon the database engine used. The objectives of this paper are to: (1) present in detail the database architecture, including table structures and overall database design, and (2) provide useful queries to retrieve data that involve calculations, comparisons, and basic QA/QC protocols. Developed using Microsoft Access, the concepts and strategies covered in this paper may be applied to any commercially available relational database.
Quality indicators for screening and prevention in vulnerable elders.

The literature summaries that support each of the indicators judged to be valid in the expert panel process are described.
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: a Case Report with Unique Clinical and Histopathologic Features

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder composed of rare-to-abundant atypical Epstein Barr virus infected B-cells admixed with numerous reactive T-cells. We report a case of a 42 year-old man presenting with fevers of unknown origin and acute renal failure. CT scan demonstrated lung opacities which progressed to numerous nodules throughout both lungs without any cavitations. Wedge lung biopsy showed nodular polymorphous mononuclear infiltrates containing scattered atypical large Epstein Barr virus positive B-cells consistent with lymphomatoid granulomatosis. The patient responded to chemotherapy, but later underwent relapse and transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The clinical and histological features of lymphomatoid granulomatosis and differential diagnoses as related to this case are discussed.
Tissue Selenium Content and Serum Tocopherols as Influenced by Dietary Type, Selenium and Vitamin E

Abstract A study was conducted using 672 pullets of the Regional Control and DeKalb 131 laying type strains fed either a corn-soy type diet or a semi-purified type diet supplemented with high (10 p.p.m.) or low (0 or 2 p.p.m.) amounts of vitamin E and 0, 0.1 and 1.0 p.p.m. of selenium (Se) fed as sodium selenite. There were no significant differences in rates of egg production due to Se or vitamin E supplements. The DeKalb strain produced larger eggs of higher interior quality (Haugh units). Supplementing the corn-soy diet which contained 0.48 p.p.m. Se with 1 p.p.m. of Se resulted in the production of slightly smaller eggs. Mortality was significantly (P
Web user clustering from access log using belief function

In this work, we present a novel approach to clustering Web site users into different groups and generating common user profiles. These profiles can be used to make recommendations, personalize Web sites, and for other uses such as targeting users for advertising. By using the concept of mass distribution in Dempster-Shafer's theory, the belief function similarity measure in our algorithm adds to the clustering task the ability to capture the uncertainty among Web user's navigation behavior. Our algorithm is relatively simple to use and gives comparable results to other approaches reported in the literature of web mining.
Powers of p –valent functions

If f is areally mean p –valent in the unit disc, if λ>0 and if f λ is defined as a single-valued analytic function on the unit disc with finitely many arcs removed, several results in the recent literature suggest that f λ might be areally mean p λ –valent. The purpose of this note is to determine the valence of f λ when f is areally mean p –valent, and also to characterize those functions for which f λ is p λ –valent for all λ>0. Analogous results are obtained for functions which are either s –dimensionally mean p –valent or logarithmically mean p –valent.
Promotions to increase lower-fat food choices among students in secondary schools: description and outcomes of TACOS (Trying Alternative Cafeteria Options in Schools).

Objectives (1) To describe promotional activities, particularly student-led, targeting lower-fat a la carte foods that were conducted in secondary schools; and (2) to describe the relationships between the number and duration of total promotional activities for lower-fat a la carte foods and cafeteria sales of such foods over two years. Design Promotional activities were implemented in schools that were randomised to the intervention condition of a larger, two-year, school-based, randomised, controlled nutrition intervention trial. Setting Ten Minnesota secondary schools. Subjects Students and school faculty, school food-service and research staff (measured at the school level). Results Over two years, 181 promotions were implemented (n=49 in Year 1 and n=132 in Year 2). In Year 1, the number of promotions conducted in schools was significantly associated with percentage lower-fat food sales. In Year 2, the duration of promotions was significantly associated with percentage lower-fat food sales. Conclusions Collaborative efforts among students, school food-service staff and research staff can be successful in implementing a large number of nutrition-related, school-wide promotional activities. These efforts can increase the sales of lower-fat foods in a la carte areas of school cafeterias.
Small RNAs from the wheat stripe rust fungus (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a costly global disease that burdens farmers with yield loss and high fungicide expenses. This sophisticated biotrophic parasite infiltrates wheat leaves and develops infection structures inside host cells, appropriating nutrients while suppressing the plant defense response. Development in most eukaryotes is regulated by small RNA molecules, and the success of host-induced gene silencing technology in Puccinia spp. implies the existence of a functional RNAi system. However, some fungi lack this capability, and small RNAs have not yet been reported in rust fungi. The objective of this study was to determine whether P. striiformis carries an endogenous small RNA repertoire. We extracted small RNA from rust-infected wheat flag leaves and performed high-throughput sequencing. Two wheat cultivars were analyzed: one is susceptible; the other displays partial high-temperature adult plant resistance. Fungal-specific reads were identified by mapping to the P. striiformis draft genome and removing reads present in uninfected control libraries. Sequencing and bioinformatics results were verified by RT-PCR. Like other RNAi-equipped fungi, P. striiformis produces large numbers of 20–22 nt sequences with a preference for uracil at the 5′ position. Precise post-transcriptional processing and high accumulation of specific sRNA sequences were observed. Some predicted sRNA precursors possess a microRNA-like stem-loop secondary structure; others originate from much longer inverted repeats containing gene sequences. Finally, sRNA-target prediction algorithms were used to obtain a list of putative gene targets in both organisms. Predicted fungal target genes were enriched for kinases and small secreted proteins, while the list of wheat targets included homologs of known plant resistance genes. This work provides an inventory of small RNAs endogenous to an important plant pathogen, enabling further exploration of gene regulation on both sides of the host/parasite interaction. We conclude that small RNAs are likely to play a role in regulating the complex developmental processes involved in stripe rust pathogenicity.
Processing Solutions for Targeted Textures Using Spectral Methods

The mechanical properties of engineering materials are directly controlled by the underlying microstructure, which in turn is governed by the processing methods. The relevant details of the microstructure that influence strongly the elastic-plastic properties of the material include the lattice orientation distribution (texture), the grain size and shape distribution, and the arrangement and distribution of dislocation networks on the various slip systems in the constituent crystals. Of these, the crystallographic texture is perhaps the most important aspect of microstructure that has a strong influence on the elastic and the initial yield properties of most polycrystalline materials used in the manufacture of engineering components. It should also be noted that crystallographic texture is likely to have the dominant effect on the inherent anisotropy exhibited by these materials.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Data Communications Applications

This chapter contains sections titled: A Full Duplex 1200/300 Bit/s Single-Chip CMOS Modem Line and Receiver Interface Circuit for High-Speed Voice-Band Modems A Single-Chip Frequency-Shift Keyed Modem Implemented Using Digital Signal Processing A CMOS Ethernet Serial Interface Chip A Single Chip NMOS Ethernet Controller A Monolithic Line Interface Circuit for T1 Terminals A 50-Mbit/s CMOS Optical Transmitter Integrated Circuit A 2Gb/s Silicon NMOS Laser Driver A 50Mb/s CMOS Optical Data Link Receiver Integrated Circuit Gigahertz Transresistance Amplifiers in Fine Line NMOS
Psychoanalysis and Social Work

This paper traces the close relationship between psychoanalysis and social work after Freudian theory's dramatic impact on social work practice in the 1920s. It shows how revisions and expansion of...
Changes in Lipid Profile of Obese Patients Following Contemporary Bariatric Surgery: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Background Although metabolic surgery was originally performed to treat hypercholesterolemia, the effects of contemporary bariatric surgery on serum lipids have not been systematically characterized. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies with ≥ 20 obese adults undergoing bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGBP], adjustable gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion [BPD], or sleeve gastrectomy). The primary outcome was change in lipids from baseline to 1 year after surgery. The search yielded 178 studies with 25,189 subjects (preoperative body mass index 45.5 ± 4.8 kg/m 2 ) and 47,779 patient-years of follow-up. Results In patients undergoing any bariatric surgery, compared with baseline, there were significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC; −28.5mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; −22.0 mg/dL), triglycerides (−61.6 mg/dL), and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.9 mg/dL) at 1 year ( P P interaction Conclusions Contemporary bariatric surgical techniques produce significant improvements in serum lipids, but changes vary widely, likely due to anatomic alterations unique to each procedure. These differences may be relevant in deciding the most appropriate technique for a given patient.
Engineering Complex, Layered Metal Oxides: High-Performance Nickelate Oxide Nanostructures for Oxygen Exchange and Reduction

Synthetically tuning the surface properties of many oxide catalysts to optimize their catalytic activity has been appreciably challenging, given their complex crystal structure. Nickelate oxides (e.g., La2NiO4+δ) are among complex, layered oxides with great potential toward efficiently catalyzing chemical/electrochemical reactions involving oxygen (oxygen reduction, ammonia oxidation). Our theoretical calculations show that the surface structure of La2NiO4+δ plays a critical role in its activity, with the (001)-Ni oxide-terminated surface being the most active. This is demonstrated through the effect on the energetics associated with surface oxygen exchange, a key process in reactions involving oxygen on these oxides. Using a reverse microemulsion method, we have synthesized La2NiO4+δ nanorod-structured catalysts highly populated by (001)-Ni oxide-terminated surfaces. We show that these nanostructures exhibit superior catalytic activity toward oxygen exchange/reduction as compared with traditional catalys...
Pink Bollworm: Movement and Distribution of Diapause and Nondiapause Larvae in Soil and Moth Emergence After Pupal Burial

A high percentage of diapause and nondiapause larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), that were buried in soil moved upward to the soil surface or to within 1.3 cm of it. Larvae released on the soil surface usually pupated at a depth of 0–1.3 cm within 48–72 h. Most larvae (ca. 60–98%) buried with 7.6 cm of soil, 24 h or more after entering the soil, pupated at depths of 5–10.2 cm. Burying the pupae under as little as 2.5 cm of soil reduced moth emergence 95% or more.
Foaming Tendencies of Frying Oils. I

1. The object of this study is to find the factors which affect to the change in the foaming properties in deep fat frying and to make clear the quantitative relations, commonly appliable to all frying oils, between the foaming properties and these factors.2.50g or 100g of linseed oil, safflower oil, olive oil, palm oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and castor oil in 300 cc beakers were heated at 200°C or 220°C for about 10 hrs. At every interval of 30 minutes, a piece of potato was dipped in the oil and the state of foaming was recorded. Thus, we prepared the sample of which a half part of the surface was covered by foams when a piece of potato was dipped in, and the sample, in which entire surface was covered by foam, in respect to the each oil. We designated as the half-foaming oils for the former and as the whole-foaming oils for the latter, respectively.The viscosities of these samples were determined at 25°C and 200°C. These foaming oils were fractionated by column chromatographic method into 3 fractions, using silicagel treated with n-hexane containing 5% of i-propyl ether as the absorbent. Foaming oil samples were eluted with 15% i- propyl ether in hexane to yield first fraction (F1); 60% i-propyl ether in hexane to yield the second fraction (F2) and with ethyl ether to yield the third fraction (F3). It was reported in our previous paper that F3 was mainly composed of oxidative-polymerized matter and this was main substances which caused foaming of thermally oxidized soybean oils.3. The rate of increase in viscosity were varied according to the type of oils and the heating conditions. Taking the same kind of oils, the samples having the same viscosity showed the same foaming tendencies, even though they were prepared under different conditions. But the samples which showed the same foaming tendency but originated from different oils did not show the same viscosities. Thus, we failed to find any such relation between the rate of increase in viscosity or the absolute value of viscosity at 200°C and the foaming tendencies in various oils.The half-foaming oils originating from various oils contained 810% of F3 fractions and the whole-foaming oils contained 1214% of F3 farctions. The contents of F3 seemed to influence the foaming properties of frying oils.
A secs-level detector for human meridian impedance

With the aim to analysis effectively the volatility of the human meridian impedance,as for the diagnosis of meridian diseases and the traditional Chinese medical intervention,a secs-level detector of human meridian impedance is developed.The minimum test interval of the detector is 0.01 second and it can track and test meridian impedances at 24-points in a period of 0.24 second.The developed detector is non-invasive and with high efficiency,it is also easy to use and good in a real time test.Experimental data shows that the relative error of repeatability of the detector is lower than 0.067% and the relative error of accuracy lies between 0.22% and 0.75%,while for the existing similar detectors in use,the corresponding values are respectively lower than 0.1% and 1%;hence the developed detector can meet the practical requirements very well.
Cancer of the Breast in Pregnancy

The prognosis for patients with carcinoma of the breast in pregnancy is identical to that for the nonpregnant patient. The reason for the apparent poor prognosis in pregnancy is late-stage diagnosis. Treatment during the first two trimesters should be mastectomy. Abortion has no place in the management of carcinoma of the breast during pregnancy. Subsequent pregnancy is acceptable.
Cytoplasmic domains of GpIbα and GpIbβ regulate 14-3-3ζ binding to GpIb/IX/V

Shear stress causes the platelet glycoprotein (Gp) Ib/IX/V to bind to von Willebrand factor, resulting in platelet adhesion. GpIb/IX/V also functions to stimulate transmembranous signaling, leading to platelet activation and the expression of a ligand-receptive GpIIb-IIIa complex. The highly conserved cytoplasmic domain of GpIbalpha binds directly to a dimeric 14-3-3 adapter protein zeta isoform. To explore structural determinants of GpIb/IX/V binding to 14-3-3zeta, the authors examined 14-3-3zeta interactions with GpIbalpha and GpIbbeta in heterologous cells and platelets. Truncations of GpIbalpha at amino acid 542 or 594, or deletions of residues 542 through 590, inhibited binding of 14-3-3zeta. Deletion of GpIbalpha from Trp(570) to Ser(590) eliminated 14-3-3zeta binding, and deletion of the sequence from Arg(542)-Trp(570) enhanced binding of 14-3-3zeta to GpIbalpha. All GpIbalpha mutations that eliminated GpIbalpha binding to the GST-14-3-3zeta fusion protein also eliminated GpIbbeta binding to the fusion protein. Forskolin treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing wild-type GpIbalpha/beta/IX resulted in the phosphorylation of GpIbbeta associated with enhanced binding of GpIbbeta to GST-14-3-3zeta fusion protein and increased 14-3-3zeta coimmunoprecipitated with GpIbalpha. When intact human platelets aggregated in response to 90 dynes/cm(2) shear stress, 14-3-3zeta disassociated from GpIbalpha. Prostacyclin treatment of platelets inhibited shear stress-induced aggregation and the release of 14-3-3zeta from GpIbalpha. These data demonstrate that amino acid residues in the cytoskeletal interaction domains of GpIbalpha regulate 14-3-3zeta binding to GpIbalpha/beta/IX, and suggest that protein kinase A-dependent phosphorylation of GpIbbeta enhances 14-3-3zeta binding to the GpIb/IX/V complex in human platelets. (Blood. 2000;95:551-557)
The Standard Library

Although the facilities provided by the functions that comprise the library in one C programming environment do not necessarily match those available from the functions in another library, there is general agreement regarding a basic set of routines that may be expected to be available in almost any “self-respecting” C system. We will cover many of these functions here. They are sufficiently universal that their names are normally considered as reserved words. That is, they are not employed to identify objects other than those in the standard library.
Har1, an Incomplete Dominant Mutation in Lotus japonicus, Confers Aberrant Root Development and an Unusual Hypernodulation Response (HNR)

Nodule ontogeny appears to be predominantly controlled by a plant morphogenic program. Despite its highly specific and localized nature, classical genetic analyses have revealed complex regulatory circuits involved in nodulation and suggested that links between nodule organogenesis and other plant developmental processes exist. It has been shown, for example, that shoot- and root-derived factors control the outcome of symbiotic interactions, and that the shoot control of nodule initiation is epistatically suppressed by a non-nodulation, root-expressed mutation (Delves et al., 1986, Sheng, Harper, 1997). Several symbiotic mutants in pea, soybean, and other legumes, have been shown to display inherent morphological and developmental differences, in addition to their abnormal nodulation phenotype (for example see Duc, Messager, 1989). The latter observation suggests the involvement of at least some of the mutagenized genes in both symbiotic and non-symbiotic processes.
A Patient Centered Cloud Platform for Mobile-Health Enabled Clinical Research

Mobile collection and curation of health data is becoming increasingly common, offering great potential for health insights and digital interventions. There is increasing interest among clinical researchers to utilize these data streams for health science research, but the need for high levels of technical expertise and high costs of creating systems for aggregating and analyzing this data precludes such studies. Here we describe a patient-centered platform that enables rapid research-study design, real-time data collection and monitoring, and cloud storage of mobile data streams using simple user interfaces, built on an inexpensive and scalable cloud hosted system architecture.
The Ecology of a Robust Population of Actinemys marmorata in the San Joaquin Desert of California

The Western Pond Turtle (Actinemys marmorata), the only native freshwater turtle in California, occurs in a variety of habitats from sea level to about 2040 m elevation, from mesic forests to deserts. The San Joaquin Desert in California once supported large populations of this species in lakes, sloughs, and marshes fed by water from the mountains of the Sierra Nevada. Because of damming in the mountains and agriculture on the desert floor, much of the aquatic habitat is gone. Although some biologists proffered that only non-viable populations of Western Pond Turtles occurred in the San Joaquin Valley south of the delta, I found a surprisingly robust population of this species at Goose Lake, an ephemeral freshwater lake on the desert floor in northwestern Kern County. From 1995 to 2006, I marked 737 individuals. Growth rates and reproduction were fairly high compared to other populations of Western Pond Turtles in ponded waters. The average yearly population estimate was 597.4 turtles with annual survivor...
Upgrades to improve the usability, reliability, and spectral range of the MST Thomson scattering diagnostic

The Thomson scattering diagnostic on MST records both equilibrium and fluctuating electron temperature with a range capability of 10 eV–5 keV. Standard operation with two modified commercial Nd:YAG lasers allows measurements at rates of 1 kHz–25 kHz. Several subsystems of the diagnostic are being improved. The power supplies for the avalanche photodiode detectors (APDs) that record the scattered light are being replaced to improve usability, reliability, and maintainability. Each of the 144 APDs will have an individual rack mounted switching supply, with bias voltage adjustable to match the APD. Long-wavelength filters (1140 nm center, 80 nm bandwidth) have been added to the polychromators to improve capability to resolve non-Maxwellian distributions and to enable directed electron flow measurements. A supercontinuum (SC) pulsed white light source has replaced the tungsten halogen lamp previously used for spectral calibration of the polychromators. The SC source combines substantial brightness produced in nanosecond pulses with a spectrum that covers the entire range of the polychromators.
Muscle Cells in Fibrin Matrix Actively Collapse the Network Leading to Rapid Allignment and Formation of Muscle Bundles.

The goal of in vitro organogenesis has been hampered by cell culture techniques that promote two dimensional cell proliferation. Since cell growth stops once confluence is achieved, three-dimensional organization does not occur. Possibly due to a lack of normal spatial orientation and cell-to-cell interactions, cells grown in such systems often assume morphologies significantly different from those assumed in normal biological tissues. We have recently developed a simple technique for growing cells in fibrin gels. This is accomplished by suspending cells in fibrinogen solutions and subsequently mixing the fibrinogen-cell suspension with buffered thrombin. The fibrinogen solution can be prepared from purified protein or from plasma diluted with growth media. The mixture rapidly forms a fibrin gel to which the cells are attached. When muscle cells are cultured in fibrin matrices, they initially form a latticework of proliferating cells. Over the next forty-eight hours, the cells begin to collapse the edge of the structure in a process similar to platelet induced clot retraction. As the fibrin network collapses, muscle cells are brought into linear alignment to form structures closely resembling muscle bundles. This process is relatively rapid. Within forty-eight to seventy-two hours, three-dimensional structures morphologically similar to muscle tissue are formed. By manipulating the gel structure through the imposition of outside forces, the alignment of muscle cells can be caused to occur even more rapidly. This system is simple to use and rapidly results in a muscle culture structure that resembles muscle tissue. This technique holds promise to significantly advance the goal of true in vitro “tissue” formation.
Diversity Within the Psychotic Continuum

There has been great interest in the hallucination-like events experienced by the general nonclinical population. Many psychiatric scientists have come to identify these as part of a "psychotic continuum" and have begun to ask what we might learn from these experiences that will enable us to better understand and treat psychosis. While sympathetic to this goal, this paper argues that many of these events in the nonclinical population may be associated with the attention to inner imagery characteristic of much religious practice like unscripted prayer. Many of these hallucination-like events are phenomenologically distinct, culturally salient, and are predicted both by a measure of absorption, which probes for an interest in inner imagery, and by inner sense cultivation practice. These observations suggest that rare, brief, and positive sensory events may not be associated with psychotic vulnerability. They also suggest there may be an absorption-dissociation pathway, with or without trauma, for more frequent hallucinations.
Incidence of occult pN2 disease following resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection in clinical stage I lung cancer patients

Objectives Early clinical stage (T1 and T2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is commonly treated with anatomic lung resection and lymph node sampling or dissection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence and the distribution of occult N2 disease according to tumour location and the short- and long-term outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with clinical stage I NSCLC who underwent anatomic lung resection and lymphadenectomy. Mediastinal lymphadenectomy (ML) was defined as resection of at least 2 mediastinal stations, always including station 7 lymph nodes. Patients who had a lobe-specific lymphadenectomy were excluded. Results One thousand six hundred and sixty-seven consecutive patients met inclusion criteria and were included. Overall, 9% (146/1667) of the patients had occult pN2 disease. At multivariable analysis, adenocarcinoma histology and vascular invasion were independently associated with greater risk of occult pN2 disease. In left and right upper lobe tumours, station 7 nodes were involved in 5 and 13% of pN2 positive cases, respectively. Station 5 and station 2/4 nodes were involved in 29 and 18% of left and right lower lobe pN2 tumours, respectively. There was no postoperative mortality, and postoperative morbidity was 28%. The median overall survival was 77.4 months. N0 patients had a median overall survival of 83.7 months vs 48.0 months and 37.9 months in N1 and N2 populations, respectively ( P < 0.001). Conclusions Sixteen percent of pN2 patients had mediastinal lymph node metastasis beyond the lobe-specific lymphatic drainage. We recommend a complete lymphadenectomy be performed, even in clinical stage I NSCLC.
An ultra-wide program, 122pJ/bit flash memory using charge recycling

Embedded flash for low power sensing systems require very low write energy and peak power. This work proposes a 130nm, 1024×260 SONOS flash with an ultra-wide 1Kb program cycle, using efficient FN tunneling based programing and a dedicated, multi-output transition pump with charge sharing and charge recycling. Combined with energy efficient charge pumps, the proposed flash program energy is 122pJ/bit with a 1Mbps throughput.
Correction to: Neuroimmune Response in Ischemic Preconditioning

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a robust neuroprotective phenomenon in which a brief period of cerebral ischemia confers transient tolerance to subsequent ischemic challenge. Research on IPC has implicated cellular, molecular, and systemic elements of the immune response in this phenomenon. Potent molecular mediators of IPC include innate immune signaling pathways such as Toll-like receptors and type 1 interferons. Brain ischemia results in release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that orchestrate the neuroinflammatory response, resolution of inflammation, and transition to neurological recovery and regeneration. Cellular mediators of IPC include microglia, the resident central nervous system immune cells, astrocytes, and neurons. All of these cell types engage in cross-talk with each other using a multitude of signaling pathways that modulate activation/suppression of each of the other cell types in response to ischemia. As the postischemic neuroimmune response evolves over time there is a shift in function toward provision of trophic support and neuroprotection. Peripheral immune cells infiltrate the central nervous system en masse after stroke and are largely detrimental, with a few subtypes having beneficial, protective effects, though the role of these immune cells in IPC is largely unknown. The role of neural progenitor cells in IPC-mediated neuroprotection is another active area of investigation as is the role of microglial proliferation in this setting. A mechanistic understanding of these molecular and cellular mediators of IPC may not only facilitate more effective direct application of IPC to specific clinical scenarios, but also, more broadly, reveal novel targets for therapeutic intervention in stroke.
HIV Care Providers' Intentions to Prescribe and Actual Prescription of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to At-Risk Adolescents and Adults

Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is indicated for use in US adults, and little is known about clinician intentions to prescribe and actual prescription of PrEP to adolescents younger than 18. Fifty-six clinicians who care for HIV-infected and at-risk youth completed an anonymous online survey in 2014. Primary outcomes were (1) intentions to prescribe PrEP to adolescents and adults in four risk categories [men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, heterosexuals with multiple partners of unknown HIV status, heterosexuals with HIV-infected partners]; and (2) actual prescription of PrEP to adolescents and adults in these risk groups. Independent variables included clinician characteristics, experience prescribing nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis, familiarity with and knowledge of PrEP and PrEP guidance, attitudes toward PrEP, and facilitating factors for prescribing PrEP and incorporation of PrEP guidance into practice. Variables associated with intention to prescribe (“very likely t...
Highly parallel, interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy for monitoring cerebral blood flow dynamics

Light-scattering methods are widely used in soft matter physics and biomedical optics to probe dynamics in turbid media, such as diffusion in colloids or blood flow in biological tissue. These methods typically rely on fluctuations of coherent light intensity, and therefore cannot accommodate more than a few modes per detector. This limitation has hindered efforts to measure deep tissue blood flow with high speed, since weak diffuse light fluxes, together with low single-mode fiber throughput, result in low photon count rates. To solve this, we introduce multimode fiber (MMF) interferometry to the field of diffuse optics. In doing so, we transform a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera into a sensitive detector array for weak light fluxes that probe deep in biological tissue. Specifically, we build a novel CMOS-based, multimode interferometric diffusing wave spectroscopy (iDWS) system and show that it can measure ∼20 speckles simultaneously near the shot noise limit, acting essentially as ∼20 independent photon-counting channels. We develop a matrix formalism, based on MMF mode field solutions and detector geometry, to predict both coherence and speckle number in iDWS. After validation in liquid phantoms, we demonstrate iDWS pulsatile blood flow measurements at 2.5 cm source-detector separation in the adult human brain in vivo. By achieving highly sensitive and parallel measurements of coherent light fluctuations with a CMOS camera, this work promises to enhance performance and reduce cost of diffuse optical instruments.