cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A controlled, longitudinal study of the social functioning of youth with sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the peer relationships of adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and demographically similar comparison peers who did not have a chronic illness 2 years after an initial evaluation. As a result of ongoing medical challenges associated with SCD and the psychological demands of adolescence, we hypothesized that children with SCD would be viewed by peers as more sensitive and isolated, they would have fewer friends, and they would be less well liked than comparison peers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At follow-up, peer (n = 2067) and teacher (n = 120) reports of social functioning were obtained for 60 children with SCD and 66 comparison peers. Social reputation (What is the child like?) and social acceptance (Is the child liked?) were evaluated cross-sectionally and longitudinally at the 2-year follow-up (ages 10–17). RESULTS: Relative to comparison peers, children with SCD were perceived as less aggressive by peers and teachers. No significant differences were found between groups on measures of friendship or social acceptance. Results of longitudinal analyses indicated that teacher-reported levels of sensitive and isolated behavior increased over time for comparison peers but remained stable for children with SCD. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the social functioning of children with SCD remained stable over time and was not suggestive of emergent social dysfunction. Findings are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework, possible protective effect of SCD for youth from high-risk environments, and implications regarding pain management for these youth.
PRAXIS AND AGENCY IN FOUCAULT'S HISTORIOGRAPHY

This paper examines the consequences for agency that Foucault’s historiographical approach constructs. The analysis begins by explaining the difference between ‘legislative history’ and ‘exemplary history,’ drawing parallels to similar theoretical distinctions offered in the works of Max Weber, J.L. Austin, and Zygmunt Bauman. The analysis continues by reading Habermas’s critique of Foucault through the tropological lenses suggested by White [Metahistory. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973]; it argues that Habermas’s critique misrecognizes the tropes of Foucaultian genealogy. The paper draws implications for education by articulating possibilities for praxis and agency in terms of pedagogy specifically related to the distinction between didactics and modeling. The paper concludes by suggesting that genealogy does not ‘play by Hegel’s rules,’ but rather exemplifies agency in ways that are not recognizable from a modernist perspective.
Embrace diversity! Systems genetics-enabled discovery of disease networks

identify robust and strain-, sex-, and strain*sex-dependent responses to the diet. Global analysis of the expression data by ANOVA revealed extensive impact of both strain and sex on dietary responses in liver. The main effect of diet was apparent in the differential expression of almost 57% of genes on the arrays. Among the top co-regulated of these, the authors showed using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses that the expected effects of diet-mediated suppression of cholesterol biosynthesis occurred in all strains and that other specific biological systems functional involvements were also strongly implicated. Valuable data emerge from the ability to identify sets of genes that are reflective of strain-, sex-, and strain*sexdependent effects of diet, attributable in part from the statistical power of the study design in which the underlying genetic variations imparted systematic effects at the level of biological pathways and processes. When strain is taken into account, the majority of significantly enriched GO categories reflected a powerful correlation between effects of diet on immune function, such as antigen processing and presentation. The authors suggest that these changes may be related to diet-induced liver damage, which was indicated by changes expression of damage-related genes and by an increase in circulating levels of glutamate dehydrogenase. However, these changes may also broadly reflect genetic correlation between pathways that mediate immune responses and the development of diet-induced atherogenic plaques, the formation and propagation of which are driven by immune responses. Integrating the expression data with information about the incidence, severity, and phenotypic details of atherosclerotic lesions in this same set of strains should shed additional light on this possibility. Other important follow-on studies may also determine if strainspecific patterns of immune gene expression in liver are paralleled by qualitatively similar effects on lymphocyte populations, atherogenic lesions, and insulin pathway-associated tissues. Importantly, the authors have also provided a publicly accessible database that can be mined in a number of ways. For example, this resource could be used to select strains with divergent responses to diet (e.g., sensitive and resistant to liver damage) or to identify coexpression networks centered around a gene(s) of specific interest. It could also be used to extract supportive evidence for genes implicated in processes related
Triggering Signals for T-Cell Activation in Renal Transplantation

Long-term survival of renal graft recipients and patients with immunologically mediated renal disease depends on the clarification of molecular mechanisms involved in T-cell activation. The lymphocyte membrane serves as a transmitter of external signals that induce cell proliferation and differentiation. The signals that interact with the cell membrane and trigger these events may be either immunologically specific, and induce a monoclonal proliferation, or immunologically nonspecific, and induce a polyclonal proliferation. Most T-cell mitogens, agents that induce polyclonal proliferation of T-cells, interact with cell surface polysaccharide moieties. These mitogens include certain lectins and the oxidizing agents sodium metaperiodate (IO4−) and galactose oxidase (GO). The initial step in the triggering event is mitogen binding to, or alteration of, a cell surface saccharide structure. The nature of this interaction is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for lymphocyte activation, and the subsequent cascade of events that leads either to graft rejection or acceptance.
Sorting Black and Brown Latino service workers in gentrifying New York neighborhoods

Ethnography, qualitative interviews and census data document a new process of spatial and racial exclusion among Brown and Black Latino workers in New York's service sector. Unlike manufacturing, many service workers directly interact with customers, and therefore employers use race, gender and immigrant status to position workers in front or back stage jobs; depending on their interaction with mainstream clientele. The sorting of workers is a largely hidden process outside the reach of labor regulations. Racialization of workers is more evident in minority neighborhoods undergoing rapid gentrification, as owners import their labor force and clientele from outside the neighborhood.
Influence of Sensory Inputs on Standing Balance in Community-Dwelling Elders with a Recent History of Falling

Vision and/or ankle somatosensory inputs often do not correlate with the position of the center of gravity. In this case, visual or somatosensory information may be in conflict with other sensory systems that convey a true sense of body orientation. The purpose of this study was to determine how conflicting visual and ankle somatosensory inputs influenced standing balance in elders with a history of falls. Forty-seven community-dwelling elders (8 male, 39 female), between 65 and 96 years of age (mean = 80.5, SD = 9.0), participated in this project. Subjects with two or more falls in the 6 months prior to study were assigned to a fall group (n = 16), whereas those with no history of falling during the same time interval were assigned to a no-fall group (n = 31). In order to remove any bias in the testing procedure, the tester was not aware of group assignments. Subjects were evaluated using a sensory organization test (SOT) for standing balance and a "Get Up and Go" test (GUGT) for general mobility. Analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the SOT scores (by group, vision, and surface condition) and the GUGT scores. Body sway is known to increase with the normal aging process, and for this reason, age was selected as a covariate. The association between the SOT total score and the GUGT score was evaluated using Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients. The results showed a significant interaction between group and surface conditions, which indicated a decreased stance duration for fallers on a compliant surface compared with the stance duration for nonfallers (adjusted mean faller stance duration = 53 seconds, SD = 42; mean nonfaller stance duration = 67 seconds, SD = 32). Subjects in the fall group also had significantly higher GUGT scores (which indicated poor mobility function) than did subjects in the nonfall group (adjusted mean faller GUGT score = 2.65, SD = 1.48; mean nonfaller GUGT score = 1.47, SD = 0.77). The Spearman correlation between total SOT scores and the GUGT scores was greater for fallers (r = -.67) than for nonfallers (r = -.44). Orientation input from the ankle appears to have greater importance for preventing falls compared with a visual reference. The SOT and GUGT may be useful in the field to establish criteria for screening elders in a fall-prevention program.
Chronic hypoxia alters glucose utilization during GSH-dependent detoxication in rat small intestine.

We showed that hypoxia alters glutathione (GSH)-dependent detoxication and induces mucosal metabolic instability. To determine the impact of these changes and the role of reductant supply in intest...
Healthcare provider estimates of height, weight, and body mass index: implications for research and patient safety

RESULTS: Weight estimates by HCPs were 49% accurate ( 10%) and ranged from 74 lbs under to 100 lbs over measured weight. BMI classification by HCPs was 54% accurate. Estimates were most likely to be correct when BMI was in normal range. Selfreports were 68% accurate, however 28% were unavailable due to language or injury. Patient reports had the lowest margin of error, but resulted in BMI misclassification of 32%.
Abrus and Ricinus Ingestion: Management of Three Cases

Three instances of toxic bean ingestion, all in the course of 1 week in the St. Louis area, have led us to submit this article. One case of jequirty bean (Abrus precatorius L.) and two of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) were treated at Cardial Glennon Memorial Hospital for Children during the third week of August in 1979. These seeds contain phytotoxins which are among the most potent toxic principles known to man.
The Need for a Principled Approach for Examining Indirect Effects of Test Use

In Shepard's (1997) discussion on the importance of test use and consequences in a validity argument for educational assessments, she reflected on Cronbach and Meehl's (1955) perspective on the rol...
Investigation of Capacitorless Double-Gate Single-Transistor DRAM: With and Without Quantum Well

We characterize and optimize double-gate single-transistor DRAM via extensive simulations. We propose a new kind of DRAM, namely, the single-transistor (1T) quantum well (QW) DRAM, which has a ?storage pocket? for holes within the body. This memory employs the QW as a way of energy band engineering to introduce the storage pocket within the body of the device, which also gives the opportunity to engineer spatial hole distribution within the device, which is not possible with the conventional 1T DRAMs. With this ?storage pocket? and spatial hole distribution engineering approach, we demonstrate improvement in the drain current (I d) difference between the reads of two states of the memory and, hence, improvement in sense margin and scalability characteristics. Furthermore, it is found that the use of SiGe instead of pure germanium to form the QW has added advantages in terms of retention, erase scheme, and fabrication.
Effects of two types of response-contingent time-out on compliance and oppositional behavior of children☆

Abstract The present study examined the effects of two time-out (TO) procedures, within-room and out-of-room, on compliance and oppositional behavior. Subjects were 24 nonclinic 5-year old children and their mothers. Mother-child pairs were assigned to one of three groups (within-room time-out, out-of-room time-out, or control) and observed in a laboratory setting under each of three experimental conditions: pretraining, training, and posttraining. The results indicated that, relative to the control group, both out-of-room and within-room TO reduced oppositional behavior and increased compliance. The two time-out procedures were equally effective in changing the two target behaviors; however, the within-room approach required significantly more administrations of time-out than the out-of-room technique.
Solution behavior of ampholytic styrene ionomers

In this article are described the solution properties of ampholytic ionomers obtained by the radical copolymerization of styrene with the ion-pair comonomer 3-methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate. The solution properties were studied in mixed solvents, with a good solvent for the polystyrene backbone and another for the ionic moieties, and in the individual good solvent of benzyl alcohol. The data obtained strongly support extensive intermolecular ionic interactions in solution.
POSITIONING AGED PATIENTS

Identifying a geriatric patient is often a difficult task. Some elderly individuals are healthy and robust to the century mark or beyond. Others become enfeebled before age 65. There are no complications of positioning patients for anesthesia and surgery that occur only in the geriatric population. However, as years are accumulated, certain acquired aspects of longevity increase the likelihood of postoperative problems that can be alleged to have been caused by errors in positioning in the surgical suite. Those factors are considered here. For more generalized information, the reader is referred to articles 3,11 or books 1,12 that cover in greater detail the total subject of patient positioning. A senior citizen who is physiologically unstable and whose physique is relatively inflexible may be unable to assume postures that are acceptable for a more mobile and robust younger person. Preventable injuries are likely unless members of the anesthesia and surgical team are almost compulsively attentive to small details of the positioning maneuvers. However, even that level of diligence on the part of the care team cannot guarantee complete freedom from complications. 9 When unusual problems of positioning mandate extraordinary measures of protection and surveillance for a given patient, the risk of physiologic injury or structural damage for that person is increased, often greatly. Under these circumstances, the precautions taken and the surveillance rendered should be carefully recorded, either on the anesthesia record or an intraoperative note in an appropriate, visible, and permanent section of the patient's chart. This safeguard assumes importance if litigation subsequently claims that a postoperative neuropathy was a preventable injury caused by improper positioning. Inadequate documentation of protective measures is probably the single most significant issue when lawsuits alleging positioning injuries are decided against the involved anesthesiologist. With impeccable logic, lawyers avow that, "the palest ink is stronger than the best memory." 29
Binding Personal and Peripersonal Space: Evidence from Tactile Extinction

Behavioral and neurophysiological studies suggest that the brain constructs different representations of space. Among these representations are personal and peripersonal space. Personal space refers to the space occupied by our bodies. Peripersonal space refers to the space surrounding our bodies, which can be reached by our limbs. How these two representations are bound to give a unified sense of space in which humans act is not clear. We tested 10 patients with tactile extinction to investigate this issue. Tactile extinction is an attentional disorder in which patients are unaware of being touched on their contralesional limb if they are also touched simultaneously on their ipsilesional limb. We hypothesized that mechanisms that bind personal and peripersonal representations would improve these patients' awareness of being touched on their contralesional limbs. Visual-tactile integration and intentional movements were considered candidate mechanisms. Patients were more likely to be aware of contralesional touch when looking towards their contralesional limb than when looking towards their ipsilesional limb, and when actively moving on tactile probes than when receiving tactile stimuli passively. The improved awareness of being touched on the contralesional limb under these conditions suggests that cross-sensory and sensorimotor integration help bind personal and peripersonal space.
Chapter 6: Active Spectroscopy

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the various diagnostic techniques in which active spectroscopy plays a role. The use of an injected neutral beam - either a dedicated diagnostic beam or the main heating beams - to localize and enhance the spectroscopic measurements described in Chap. 5 has been exploited for a number of key physics measurements, in particular detailed profile information on ion parameters, the radial electric field, plasma current density, and turbulent transport. The ability to make these detailed measurements has been a key element in the development of improved plasma performance. The neutral beam techniques have been extended by the use of such beam analogs as laser beams, gas puffs, and pellet injection for specific measurements. In each case we describe the general principle behind the measurement and include several successful examples of their implementation, briefly touching on some of the more important physics results. We conclude with a few remarks about the relevance and re...
Neuroembryology of Motor Behaviour in Birds

Development in the bird embryo occurs within a small and well-defined environment: the egg. Nevertheless, few recent studies of the ontogeny of motor behaviour in chicks have focused on the role of environmental factors and sensory feedback. This is for good reasons, as a variety of evidence suggests that the embryo lacks sensory input at early stages and is relatively insensitive to such input when it becomes available. For example, Hamburger’s (1963; Hamburger et al. 1965) pioneering work confirmed the earlier suggestion (Preyer 1885) that movement in chick embryos begins prior to the time at which the embryo responds to sensory stimulation. Furthermore, several of the studies discussed below have suggested that removal of sensory input has relatively minor effects on the development of motor behaviour. As recent studies have added to our understanding of both the development of sensory input and the ontogeny of motor patterns in chick embryos, it seems worthwhile to re-examine the role of sensory factors in the embryonic development of motor behaviours.
September 11: Farewell, My Birthday

How shall I henceforth celebrate my birthday? What shall I wish for when I blow out the candles next year and the year after that? As millions of my fellow New Yorkers and Americans mourn annually the tragedy of September 11, how do I annually celebrate my birthday? I'm certain that, more American flags will be unfurled on my birthday than any other day on the American calendar, more than the Fourth of July. But, as my friend Elena observed, the best thing about all these flags everywhere is that a whole lot of Senegalese street vendors in New York City are making a whole lot of money. No, I'm not a flag-waver. I'm not a pin- or ribbon-wearer either. I'm one of those who, as a matter of principle, roots against the U.S. during the Olympics and World Cup. If that makes me a bad American, so be it.
Origins of the European Economy: The end of the ancient world

Daily I grow weaker from the pain, and I sigh longingly for the remedy of death. So much sickness of fevers has assaulted the clergy and people of this city that practically no free man, no slave remains who is good for any work or service. From the neighboring towns, the devastations of the epidemic are announced to us every day; how Africa is wasted by epidemic and fevers, you know more exactly, I suppose, for being closer to it. People arriving from the East describe worse desolations still. By all these things, as the end of the world draws near, you know that the affliction is general … In August 599, Pope Gregory the Great found these comforting words about Rome and the rest of the empire to console a noble couple on their own sufferings in Sicily. Awareness of impending doom pervades his work. Epidemic, enemy invasion, riot, and economic dislocation encroached on his understanding of himself and his civilization. To an Anglo-Saxon king he announced climatic catastrophe: “As the end of the world approaches, many things menace us which never existed before: inversions of the climate, horrors from the heavens and storms contrary to the season, wars, famine, plagues, in some places earthquakes …” Mere protestations of doom and gloom from a popular preacher bent on putting the fear of God into his wayward flock and terrorizing them into reform? Certainly not: Gregory believed it, and acted on his perception that the world was coming to an end.
Mothering a Child with Autism.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by abnormal development in socialization, communication, and behavior (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). The CDC has estimated that between 1 in 68 children have an ASD and ASDs are more likely to occur in boys than in girls (1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls) (CDC, 2014). Mental health issues involving socialization, communication, and behavior present a challenge to those parenting a child with an ASD. Such challenges are lifelong. Due to these challenges, higher rates of mental health disorders have been found in parents of autistic children as compared to those with healthy children (Yirmiya & Shaked, 2005). Parents are the advocates and main resource for these children and mental health providers are called to have an understanding of the challenges these parents face (Silva & Schalock, 2012). Mothers typically take on the responsibility for caring for their vulnerable child which involves a lifelong commitment (Frye, 2015). The qualitative study presented in this column was aimed at gaining an understanding of mothering a child with autism.
Expanding the Ethical Sphere

Public policy and administration (PA) should be realigned to accommodate an expanded ethical sphere. The sphere is the scope of application?the area or range of application?of ethical acts, precepts or ideas. What is included in being a fully ethical PA thinker, I think, is that she should design PA acts with a sphere of application such that all humans are treated with equal consideration for their interests. Emphasizing such an expansion of the sphere of moral equality, PA Ethics (PA Eth-Talk, as afficianados sometimes call it) should give leadership to PA theorizing and practice. It should encourage PA theorists, for instance, to play with possibilities and options involved in developing recommendations about policy making and administration that reflect an expanded sphere of moral equality?as appendices, say, to realpolitik recommendations. PA Eth-Talk should reach beyond the limit of the interests of the bureaucracy, we can readily agree. Also it should continue to expand its ethical sphere beyond limiting equal consideration of interests to particular classes of people, like males or the dominant ethnic group. PA Eth Talk should go beyond the limit of the interests of the customer and the client, beyond the limit of the interests of the good citizen. PA Eth-Talk should not center on traditional intra-bureaucratic topics. The suggestion?not a new, but an important, idea?is that all other humans should be treated with equal consideration of their interests, including humans beyond the limits of national boundaries. PA Eth-Talk that emphasizes expanding the ethical sphere beyond the limits of the nation state should be a no-brainer, and yet it encounters severe difficulties from symbolic systems. This column talks about an expansion of the ethical sphere in a context that proceeds beyond what will be explained as polis-worship, and the snare(s) that symbolisms of belonging, power and glory?associated with the nation state?set against the moral impulse of sympathy-for-the-other. Earlier, I wrote (1999) of an ethical dilemma that envelops us. On the one hand, as a practical matter it is impossible to live a human life?as an "engaged" person, as PA thinkers should be?without some sense of what is
38 – Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Is There a Gender Differential, and if So, What Does It Mean?

Musculoskeletal disorders occur in relation to ergonomic exposures both in men and in women. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) comprise a heterogeneous group of diagnoses that are often referred to collectively as cumulative trauma disorder, repetitive strain injury, occupational cervicobrachial disorder, or overuse syndrome. Specific clinical syndromes that have been associated with occupational exposure include nerve compression disorders, tendon inflammations and related conditions, disk disorders, and degenerative joint disease. Despite the widespread belief that MSDs disproportionately affect women, the outcomes of these conditions have been examined primarily among men. Analysis of gender as a risk factor for MSDs, or adjusting for gender differences, does not elucidate these issues. Future epidemiologic studies of MSDs should include subjects of both genders to avoid unnecessary constraints on the available exposure contrasts. The associations of musculoskeletal disorders with gender and occupational ergonomic exposures should be assessed separately in order to determine whether women are at increased risk when exposed to the same ergonomic stressors as men. Gender-stratified presentation of data is valuable because it permits examination, rather than smoothing over, of differences in the exposure-response relationships.
Effect of oral contraceptives on rhythmic urinary metal excretion

Thirteen women, six of whom were using oral contraceptive agents, between the ages of 23 and 3 4 years, free from illness, and without a previous clinical history of menstrual abnormality, were studied with chronobiological methods for circadian (about 24 hour) patterns of metal and creatinine excretion. Circadian rhythms were detected for the excretion of lithium, potassium, iron, sodium, copper, and creatinine. Statistically significant by lower 24 hour excretion (mesors) of lithium, potassium, and iron was detected for the subjects using oral contraceptive agents. Although all women adhered to nearly identical activity-rest (synchronization) schedules, the peak times (acrophases) of the metal excretory rhythms for oral contraceptive users were phase delayed by about two hours.
Scrutinizing Immutability: Research on Sexual Orientation and U.S. Legal Advocacy for Sexual Minorities

We review scientific research and legal authorities to argue that the immutability of sexual orientation should no longer be invoked as a foundation for the rights of individuals with same-sex attr...
On the meaning of σστομος in Euripides

The epithet σστομος has generally been accepted as deriving from δι and στ⋯μα (σστομος) and meaning ‘double-mouthed’, ‘with two entrances’, ‘with two exits’ or ‘with two branchings’. In these senses it certainly suits caves, harbours, rivers, and roads.
Personality and Generalized Expectancies for Interpersonal Trust

College undergraduates were given Rotter's Interpersonal Trust Scale and Cattell's 16 PF. Intercorrelations between the total score of the Interpersonal Trust Scale and the 16 PF indicated converge...
Regulation of Adenylate Cyclase-Coupled Beta Adrenergic Receptor Binding Sites by Beta Adrenergic Catecholamines in Vitro

Tolerance to catecholamines was studied using a frog erythrocyte model system in vitro. Incubation of cells with (-)-isoproterenol resulted in up to a 58% decline ( p epinephrine > norepinephrine. The beta antagonist propranolol, while having no effect of its own, blocked the desensitization caused by isoproterenol. In contrast, the alpha adrenergic antagonist phentolamine did not interfere with the phenomenon. The desensitized state was shown to be reversible. If isoproterenol was removed from desensitized cells by washing, and cells were further incubated with propranolol, receptor binding and enzyme activity returned to nearly normal levels. Incubation of cells with PGE1 produced desensitization to subsequent prostaglandin stimulation but had no effect on catecholamine sensitivity or beta receptor binding. Dibutyryl cAMP did not cause a decrease in binding or enzyme activity. It appears that catecholamines, through beta adrenergic receptor interactions, play a role in regulation of the number of functioning receptors at the cell surface. This may be a major mechanism for the induction of catecholamine tolerance.
Relationship Between Pre-S1 Antigen and Hepatitis B Virus Serum Markers

Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV)serum pre-S1 antigen(Pre-S1Ag)and HBV serologic makers,and evaluate the value of pre-S1Ag in hepatitis B diagnosis.Methods In 512 HBsAg positive serum samples,pre-S1Ag and HBV markers were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results In the 512 HBsAg positive serum,the positive rate of pre-S1Ag was 64.06%.There was a good relation between pre-S1Ag and HBeAg,the coincidence rate was 86.63%.Conclusion Pre-S1Ag is more sensitive than HBeAg in detecting the infection and replication of HBV.
Exploiting Hierarchical Locality in Deep Parallel Architectures

Parallel computers are becoming deeply hierarchical. Locality-aware programming models allow programmers to control locality at one level through establishing affinity between data and executing activities. This, however, does not enable locality exploitation at other levels. Therefore, we must conceive an efficient abstraction of hierarchical locality and develop techniques to exploit it. Techniques applied directly by programmers, beyond the first level, burden the programmer and hinder productivity. In this article, we propose the Parallel Hierarchical Locality Abstraction Model for Execution (PHLAME). PHLAME is an execution model to abstract and exploit machine hierarchical properties through locality-aware programming and a runtime that takes into account machine characteristics, as well as a data sharing and communication profile of the underlying application. This article presents and experiments with concepts and techniques that can drive such runtime system in support of PHLAME. Our experiments show that our techniques scale up and achieve performance gains of up to 88p.
CD155 on HIV-Infected Cells Is Not Modulated by HIV-1 Vpu and Nef but Synergizes with NKG2D Ligands to Trigger NK Cell Lysis of Autologous Primary HIV-Infected Cells

Activation of primary CD4+ T cells induces the CD155, but not the CD112 ligands for the natural killer (NK) cell activation receptor (aNKR) CD226 [DNAX accessory molecule-1 (DNAM-1)]. We hypothesize that HIV productively infects activated CD4+ T cells and makes itself vulnerable to NK cell-mediated lysis when CD155 on infected T cells engages DNAM-1. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether CD155 alone or together with NKG2D ligands triggers autologous NK cell lysis of HIV-infected T cells and whether HIV modulates CD155. To determine whether HIV modulates this activation ligand, we infected "activated" CD4+ T cells with HIV in the absence or presence of Nef and/or Vpu and determined by flow cytometry whether they modulated CD155. To determine if CD155 alone, or together with NKG2D ligands, triggered NK cell lysis of autologous HIV-infected T cells, we treated purified NK cells with DNAM-1 and/or NKG2D blocking antibodies before the addition of purified autologous HIV-infected cells in cytolytic assays. Finally, we determined whether DNAM-1 works together with NKG2D as an NK cell coactivation receptor (caNKR) or whether they work independently as aNKRs to induce an NK cell lytic response. We demonstrate that HIV and specifically Nef and/or Vpu do not modulate CD155 on infected primary T cells; and both CD155 and NKG2D ligands synergize as aNKRs to trigger NK cell lysis of the infected cell.
The PCA total knee prosthesis

The Porous Coated Anatomic “Total Knee replacement, implanted with the use of the Universal Total Knee Instruments” was designed to reproduce physiologic, anatomic alignment of the lower extremity and to resurface the femoral, tibial, and patellar aspects of the knee permitting normal kinematic motion patterns. This relatively unconstrained prosthesis models the normal medial and lateral asymmetries of the knee to allow physiologic rolling and sliding during flexion, near normal passive axial rotation, and further active axial rotation of a normal degree.
Going beyond Competing Company and Product Names

Most trademark cases involve claims of infringement of product names, such as the ones discussed in the previous chapters of this book. But litigation also can be brought for the alleged infringement of expressions, including slogans, that are closely associated with product names, such as the General Mills expression “Breakfast of Champions,” which accompanies the name of its breakfast cereal, Wheaties. It is also the case that the names of procedures and devices used by different companies as part of their products or services can also achieve trademark protection, as long as such a designation is promoted, used, and advertised in such a way that buyers link it only with only one seller.
Privately insured medical patients are more likely to have a head CT

Previous studies suggest overuse disparity of head computed tomography (CT) in white pediatric trauma patients with minor head injuries. Our study is meant to determine if race or insurance status impacts the probability of obtaining head CT in patients with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) = 15. Using the 2008-2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey for Emergency Departments (NHAMCS) database, the following variables were analyzed: race, emergency medical services (EMS) arrival, triage category, admission status, gender, age, and insurance status. Patients with injuries were excluded. All patients included had GCS = 15. In univariate analysis, head CT is more likely to be obtained for patients in the following categories: Medicare insured, private insurance, Medicaid insured, and self-pay, EMS arrival, triage category immediate, and age >75 years. In logistic regression, race (white vs. black) was no longer significant, but there was disparity based on insurance status with privately insured patients more likely to receive a head CT (OR = 1.683, 95 % CI = 1.255-2.259). After controlling for the above inclusion variables and focusing on patients less likely to need CT (non-traumatic with GCS = 15), privately insured patients were more likely to receive a head CT compared with uninsured. Race alone was not associated with an increased probability of receiving a head CT.
Abstract P628: Angiotensin 1-7 Mas Receptor and Dopamine D1 receptor Interaction as a Novel Natriuretic Mechanism in Rat Kidneys

Evidence to date suggests that a positive interaction between natriuretic factors promotes sodium excretion to maintain sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Although the involvement of renal dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) in promoting sodium excretion is well established; the role of Angiotensin (Ang) 1-7 Mas receptor (MasR) is not clear. Here we provide evidence for a functional interaction between these two renal G protein-coupled receptors which suggests that natriuretic response to Ang 1-7 via MasR is dependent on D1R activation. Male Sprague Dawley rats of comparable weight and age were infused with Ang 1-7, MasR antagonist DPro, D1R agonist SKF38393 and D1R antagonist SCH23390. Blood pressure was monitored throughout the experimental procedure and none of the infused drugs affected the pressure. Animals infused with saline alone served as controls. Infusion of Ang1-7 caused significant natriuresis and robust diuresis compared to saline. SKF38393 infusion also induced significant natriuresis and diuresis when compared to saline infusion. Both natriuretic and diuretic response to Ang 1-7 was blocked by Dpro and SCH23390. However, Dpro failed to block SKF38393 response. Concomitant infusion of SKF38393 and Ang 1-7 did not show a cumulative natriuretic or diuretic effect when compared to SKF38393 or Ang 1-7 infusion alone. FENa (%), control (saline): 0.30 ± 0.09; Ang 1-7: 1.03 ± 0.21; Ang 1-7 plus Dpro: 0.49 ± 0.11; Ang 1-7 plus SCH23390: 0.36 ± 0.10; SKF38393: 0.83 ± 0.16; SKF38393 plus SCH23390: 0.41 ± 0.09; SKF38393 plus Dpro: 0.82 ± 0.17; Ang 1-7 plus SKF38393: 1.06 ± 0.21. These data suggest that Ang 1-7 via MasR causes natriuresis which is dependent on D1R activation. On the other hand, renal D1R-mediated sodium excretion is independent of MasR. This study is a paradigm shift as these data identify a novel functional unidirectional interaction between renal MasR and D1R which deviates from commonly known receptor-receptor interaction.
I've Got My Mind Made up: How Judicial Teleology in Cases involving Biologically based Evidence Violates Therapeutic Jurisprudence

Courts are, and have always been, teleological in cases involving litigants with mental disabilities. By “teleological,” I refer to outcome-determinative reasoning; social science that enables judges to satisfy predetermined positions is privileged, while data that would require judges to question such ends are rejected. In this context, judges treat biologically-based evidence in criminal cases involving questions of mental disability law so as to conform to their pre-existing positions. This applies to cases involving questions of the death penalty, the insanity defense, civil competency, incompetency to stand trial, questions related to malingering, and criminal sentencing, and more. In this paper, I will consider what the implications of this behavior are for future criminal procedure developments, and will show how this behavior violates the basic precepts of therapeutic jurisprudence. First, I will consider a range of teleological judicial behaviors. Then, I will consider how biologically-based evidence (including, but not limited to neuroscience evidence, is especially susceptible to these sorts of misjudgments, with a specific focus on how this damages the application of constitutional criminal procedure doctrines. Finally, I will consider how this behavior flies in the face of the basic tenets of therapeutic jurisprudence.
Communicating/organizing for reliability, resilience, and safety: special issue introduction

Purpose NA Design/methodology/approach NA Findings NA Research limitations/implications NA Practical implications NA Originality/value NA
Framework for Conducting and Writing a Synthetic Literature Review

The framework presented in this article supports researchers in translating the copious information gleaned from the research literature into a coherent synthesis and critical analysis of the state of knowledge on the topic, identification of gaps and inconsistencies in the body of research, and recognition of the next logical steps in the line of research inquiry. The framework sequence guides the researcher in a step-by-step fashion from selecting the research literature to be reviewed to analyzing the studies, identifying the patterns and trends in the literature, writing the literature review narrative, and drawing conclusions and implications. The framework approach ensures that the literature review will reflect the quality indicators expected of this kind of research whether the end product is the rationale for an empirical study or a freestanding synthetic literature review.
An observation of parental infanticide in Dickcissels (Spiza americana): video evidence and potential mechanisms

ABSTRACT Brood reduction by parents via infanticide is considered rare in passerine birds; however, this behavior may be underreported because of the difficulties observing behaviors at the nest and because researchers tend to attribute partial nestling loss to other causes. Here, we report a confirmed incidence of parental infanticide by Dickcissels (Spiza americana). While video-recording parental behavior, we documented a 4-day-old nestling being removed by a female Dickcissel. This bird was also observed brooding and feeding, so this event was likely a parental infanticide. We subsequently examined monitoring data from 162 hatched Dickcissel nests across 2 breeding seasons to identify instances of unexplained partial nestling loss, which could potentially be attributable to infanticide. Our data indicate that 9.1–12.7% of hatched nests experienced these events. Infanticide by genetic parents could (1) benefit survival of remaining brood mates by reducing food requirements, disease, or predation risk; ...
Two new species of the subgenus Sabethinus of Sabethes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Costa Rica, first confirmation of members of the subgenus in Central America

Two new species of Sabethes subgenus Sabethinus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Costa Rica are formally named Sa. andreae and Sa. theresae. Descriptions consisting of differential and diagnostic morphological characters are provided for adults, male genitalia and fourth-instar larvae. The male genitalia and the fourth-instar larva and pupa of both species are illustrated. The species are compared with the four previously described species known to occur only in South America, i.e. Sa. idiogenes, Sa. intermedius, Sa. melanonymphe and Sa. xhyphydes. A new country record for Colombia is reported for Sa. xhyphydes and keys are provided to distinguish the adults and larvae of the six species.
Philippe de Mézières’ Sense of Patria

Though Philippe de Mezieres was a Frenchman,1 his most cherished title was that of Chancellor of Cyprus,2 although this was a post he occupied for some ten years only, a brief period in the life of an octogenarian.3 Before 1380, when he withdrew to the Convent of the Celestines in Paris on the death of his patron at the time, Charles V of France, he had travelled widely as both soldier and statesman.4 His travels led him frequently to Italy, which he knew well.5 He particularly loved Venice, of which he was made a citizen in 1365 by the doge Lorenzo Celsi.6 And it was to the confraternity of St. John the Evangelist in Venice that he donated the fragment of the True Cross he had inherited from the papal legate Pierre Thomas.7 Venice was indeed the city where he thought to spend the rest of his life on hearing of King Peter’s assassination (which was to put an end to his career in Cyprus), as we learn from his will drawn up at this time.8 This will shows his attitude towards what we would later call nationality. Here this widely travelled Frenchman, thinking to live out his life in Venice, after service at the Lusignan court of Cyprus, reveals his view of his place in the world. He projects a sense of a European community. Fluent in Latin, the common language of at least the clerical and chancery literatures, he is a Christian at home in a Christian Europe, unfettered by parochial notions that a place of origin or residence impinges in any significant way on his sense of identity, as I have shown elsewhere.9
Phase-Sensitive Light Amplifiers in Stellar Interferometry

The signal-to-noise ratio problems in stellar interferometry are serious in a manner somewhat similar to the case of gravitational wave detection. For instance, Hanbury Brown determined the diameters of 32 stars by his intensity interferometer [1]. Without some new technology development such as the squeezed state technique, there is not much chance for further improvement. As soon as the laser amplifier became available, I was interested in its possible applications to improve the sensitivity of the intensity interferometer. To my great disappointment I learned from Professor Charles Townes [2] that the (phase-insensitive) laser amplifier cannot improve the S/N but worsens the situation due to the excessive spontaneous emissions.
Neuroleptics and alternative treatments. Management of behavioral symptoms and psychosis in Alzheimer's disease and related conditions.

A majority of demented patients experience agitation, psychotic symptoms, or other specific behavioral problems at some time in the course of illness. Neuroleptics are the most widely prescribed management although their efficacy for these problems is far from unequivocally established. This article reviews the prevalence of behavioral and psychotic symptoms in dementia and the use of neuroleptics and adjunctive or alternative treatments. Guidelines for enhancing clinical management are proposed.
Incorporation of Large Cycloalkene Rings into Alternating Copolymers Allows Control of Glass Transition and Hydrophobicity

We previously reported that cyclohexene and bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1(8)-ene-8-carboxamides undergo efficient ruthenium-catalyzed alternating ring-opening metathesis polymerization (AROMP). Here, we demonstrate that cyclodecene and cyclododecene also function as cycloalkene monomers in the bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1(8)-ene-8-carboxamide AROMP system, thus enabling the synthesis of linear alternating copolymers with spacers of different lengths, as demonstrated by means of NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The glass transition temperature and hydrophilicity of the alternating copolymers decrease as the length of the spacers increases, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry and water contact angle measurements.