cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transforming Administration to Support Science in the Schoolhouse for Students with Disabilities

I examine the role that administrators play in facilitating the development, adoption, use, and evaluation of scientifically based interventions within the school culture to support the educational outcomes of students with learning disabilities (LD). Two ways of transforming the administrative role to support science in the schoolhouse are presented; one considers the importance of including language in future legislation that acknowledges the role of administrators in school reform, and the other focuses on establishing a national research agenda addressing issues of leadership and special education. I argue that these 2 venues should serve to identify and to stimulate the use of evidence-based administrative practices that ultimately increase educational outcomes for students with LD, improve teacher instruction, and transform the leadership mission.
Side-by-Side Directed Multilayer Patterning Using Surface Templates

In a recent paper, we reported that the region of preferred deposition on chemically patterned surfaces can be influenced by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions between the charged polymer and the surface, as well as electrostatics. [29] In this study, it was found that certain polyamines consistently adsorb to the EG region of the surface due to non-electrostatic interactions, resulting in some cases in preferential build-up of multilayer films on the EG region. This behavior was specifically observed in the adsorption of weak polyelectrolytes for which the degree of ionization is dependent on pH, and secondary interactions may prevail over a given pH range. The chemical structures of weak polyelectrolytes that were used in this study are shown in Scheme 1a. Polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) is a linear polycation with a hydrocarbon backbone and primary amine groups, whereas linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) has a hydrophilic
Transitioning between Clerkship Directors.

The authors report on succession-planning for mid-level academic positions. The authors describe the process of succession-planning between clerkship directors and the smooth transition resulting in one case. Gradually transitioning allowed a new faculty person to assume the clerkship-director position with minimal disruption of the clerkship. The respectful treatment of the exiting clerkship director encouraged other faculty to discuss future plans with the Chair, facilitating strategic planning. The authors stress the need to study quantitatively the effect of transitions on training.
Demographic characteristics of emergency room admissions of acute drug reactions.

This study investigated a sample of persons treated for acute drug reactions (overdoses) in a hospital emergency room setting to determine the general characteristics of these drug abusers and the incidence of drugs responsible for their admission. Detailed information is provided on the race and sex composition of these drug-abusing patients and comparisons are made with the general population of the area serviced by the hospital. The sample consisted of 506 persons who entered Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Dade County, Florida during January–June 1972. A profile of the typical admission for emergency care of a nonfatal overdose reveals a White female who is 18–24 years old and who has overdosed on a single legally manufactured and distributed substance, usually a sedative.The increasing urban problem of drug abuse is emphasized by this study of 506 acute drug reaction cases admitted to the emergency room of a large county hospital. While we recognize the good that drugs can do within the limits of a...
Computerized Video Time Lapse Study of Cell Cycle Delay and Arrest, Mitotic Catastrophe, Apoptosis and Clonogenic Survival in Irradiated 14-3-3σ and CDKN1A (p21) Knockout Cell Lines

Abstract Chu, K., Teele, N., Dewey, M. W., Albright, N. and Dewey, W. C. Computerized Video Time Lapse Study of Cell Cycle Delay and Arrest, Mitotic Catastrophe, Apoptosis and Clonogenic Survival in Irradiated 14-3-3σ and CDKN1A (p21) Knockout Cell Lines. Radiat. Res. 162, 270–286 (2004). Computerized video time lapse (CVTL) microscopy was used to observe cellular events induced by ionizing radiation (10–12 Gy) in nonclonogenic cells of the wild-type HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cell line and its three isogenic derivative lines in which p21 (CDKN1A), 14-3-3σ or both checkpoint genes (double-knockout) had been knocked out. Cells that fused after mitosis or failed to complete mitosis were classified together as cells that underwent mitotic catastrophe. Seventeen percent of the wild-type cells and 34–47% of the knockout cells underwent mitotic catastrophe to enter generation 1 with a 4N content of DNA, i.e., the same DNA content as irradiated cells arrested in G2 at the end of generation 0. Radiation caused a...
Racial Voting in a Biracial City A Reexamination of Some Hypotheses

In this analysis of three biracial 1982 New Orleans municipal run-off elections—mayor, civil sheriff, and district judge-we examine the relationship of race and class to political mobilization and vote choice, and racial bloc voting. We found the elections characterized by high voter turnout, low voter dropoff in subordinate elections, and bloc voting by both whites and blacks (but especially by blacks). Class was found relevant only in locating white support for black candidates. Furthermore, the data analyzed suggest the need to reexamine the impact of electoral institutions on electoral behavior.
Theory of time-resolved resonance scattering

Abstract A theory is presented that describes the time dependence of scattering off an atomic or molecular “resonance” using tunable dye laser pulses. The main conclusion is that there is no exponentially decaying component which depends upon the frequency difference between the exciting pulse and the resonance. In the limit of extremely narrow-banded excitation, all time resolution is lost, and the usual resonance scattering intensity formulas are obtained. In the opposite limit, where the excitation is broad-banded, formulas describing fluorescence decay emerge. The time evolution for the case of more than single resonance can be obtained numerically, but an analytical expression is possible for the steady state scattering amplitude from two resonances, from which exact resonance Raman formulas can be found.
A simple mechanical method for the efficient release of contact inhibition.

Abstract A method has been devised by means of which a large fraction of cells in a confluent monolayer can be released from contact inhibition of growth and division. This is accomplished without chemical treatment of the cells and in such a way that most cells are provided with free growth area. In essence the procedure involves growing the cells to confluence on surfaces uniformly covered with 200 μ diameter glass beads, which are discarded when confluence has been attained and growth stopped. Removal of the beads dislodges few if any of the cells. After release of inhibition, the cultures double in cell number following the first round of DNA replications, and continue to grow until they are again contact-inhibited. Patterns of incorporation of thymidine, uridine, and amino acids have been examined in inhibited cells and in cells released by this method. The results are in general like those obtained in other systems, but among the few differences are some that indicate a need for re-interpretation of earlier results, obtained with trypsin-treated and serum-stimulated confluent cultures.
Normal values for random urinary calcium to creatinine ratios in infancy

Objective: To determine normal values for the urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (UCa/Cr) in infnats. To assess the impact of short-term supplementation of infant formula with calcium and phosphorus on UCa/Cr in a group of infants. Design: We determined UCa/Cr in randomly collected urine samples from a group of children and adults. Short-term supplementation of infant formula with calcium glycerophosphate was carried out in 21 infants, and UCa/Cr was monitored in a before-and-after trial. Setting: A pediatric clinic at an academic center (infants and adults), and a day-care center (older children). Participants: A total of 103 infants between 5 days and 7 months of age, 40 infants between 8 and 17 months of age, 41 children between 18 months and 6 years, and 31 adults. Results: The 95th percentiles for molar UCa/Cr for the different age groups were as follows: less than 7 months, 2.42 (0.86 mg/mg); 7 to 18 months, 1.69 (0.60 mg/mg); 19 months to 6 years, 1.18 (0.42 mg/mg); and adults, 0.61 (0.22 mg/mg). Regression analysis indicated a statistically significant decline in average UCa/Cr with age ( R 2 =0.115, p p Conclusion: We conclude that normal values for UCa/Cr are much higher in infants than in older children and adults; UCa/Cr is age-related and declines gradually in the first several years of life, and short-term supplementation of infant formula with calcium glycerophosphate has minimal effect on UCa/Cr.
BRT TOD: Leveraging transit oriented development with bus rapid transit investments

Abstract Bus rapid transit (BRT) systems have gained prominence worldwide as a cost-effective alternative to urban rail investments. However, some question the city-shaping potential of BRT, in part due to a belief it delivers fewer regional accessibility benefits than rail, but also to the social stigma some assign to bus-based forms of mass mobility. Notwithstanding the successes of cities like Curitiba and Ottawa at integrating BRT and land development (Cervero, 1998. The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry, Island Press, Washington, D.C.), doubt remains over BRT’s ability to promote less car-dependent, more sustainable patterns of urban growth in rapidly motorizing and suburbanizing cities. This paper probes the opportunities and challenges of leveraging transit-oriented development (TOD) through BRT investments. The policy context of BRT and urban growth is first described. Evidence on the influences of BRT on urban development and land values is then presented followed by discussions on density and ridership performance of BRT cities. Attention next turns to the fundamental tension of mediating between the logistical and place-making functions of BRT stations. Failure to do so has generally resulted in low-cost, high-performance investments at the expense of suppressing TOD opportunities. Case experiences in Bogota Colombia and Ahmedabad India underscore that near-term mobility gains took precedence over shaping urban growth over the long-term. The paper closes with discussions on implementation. Based on a survey of 27 global cities with BRT systems, tools introduced to date to leverage TOD are reviewed. Survey respondents also commented on barriers that stand in the way of BRT TOD in their cities. While BRT is often viewed as being suited to serving lower density, outlying settings, it is believed that under the right conditions, BRT can also be as influential in inducing urban redevelopment and shaping urban growth in more sustainable formats.
Reduction of NO over impregnated Cu/ZSM-5 in the presence of O2

Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by impregnation of Cu acetate are active for NO reduction. In mixtures containing both NO and O2, reductants such as CO or CH4 preferentially react with O2, but propane reacts preferentially with NO. Small amounts of O2 actually increase the reduction of NO by C3H8. The N2 yield reaches a maximum near an O2 /C3H8 ratio=5, i.e. the stoichiometry of total C3H8 oxidation. At much higher than stoichiometric O2 contents for total C3H8 oxidation the N2 yield with C3H8 (54%) is still substantially higher than, for instance, with CO of the same or larger concentration. The hypothesis that an intermediate of C3H8 oxidation is responsible for the enhanced NO reduction is discussed. Temperature-programmed reduction shows that after reaction with NO+C3H8 and sub-stoichiometric amounts of O2 Cu in the catalyst is mainly metallic, but CuO particles appear to be formed in the presence of an excess of O2.
The reduction of naringin content of grapefruit by applications of gibberellic acid

Four different plant growth regulators, gibberellic acid (GA3), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA), were individually mixed in a lanolin paste and applied to immature fruit on grapefruit trees beginning soon after fruit set. The treated fruit was allowed to mature on the tree. Application of 1000 ppm GA3 in this manner generally increased fruit size, decreased the concentration of the total acid in the juice and decreased the concentration of naringin in the juice sacs compared to that of the controls. GA3 increased the total soluble solids (brix) in the juice in some experiments. Treatment of fruit with 1000 ppm ABA and BA significantly decreased the size of the fruit and increased the naringin concentration, but had variable effects on the soluble solids content and the acid content. Treatment with 1000 ppm NAA did not produce any significant changes in size, acid content, brix or naringin concentration.
Ultrasound scanning in patients with clinical suspicion of pancreatic cancer: A retrospective study

A retrospective study was performed on all patients with clinical suspicion of a pancreatic cancer over a seven-month period. Diagnostic scans of the pancreas were obtained in 87% of the patients. Of 112 patients with a successful ultrasound study, 97 had adequate clinical or surgical follow up. The ultrasound examination was abnormal in 16 of 17 pancreatic cancer patients, yielding a positive predictive value of 84%. Most patients had distant spread at this time. The negative predictive value was 99%, sensitivity was 94%, specificity 96%. This study does nt suggest that ultrasound leads to an earlier diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. However, because the symptoms of the disease are common in the elderly, ultrasound allows reliable exclusion of this disease in a noninvasive way.
The use of shaping and reinforcement in the operant acceleration and deceleration of heart rate.

Summary An operant paradigm utilizing commercial television programs as reinforcement with two S s and money with one S was employed to accelerate and decelerate heart rate. A 61-yr-old male psychiatric patient suffering from tachycardia was conditioned to produce a heart rate which averaged 16 beats/min less than his baseline rate. A- 20-yr-old male college student had his heart rate accelerated to a rate which was 17 beats/min higher than his baseline rate. A second 20-yr-old college student demonstrated a heart rate acceleration of 16 beats/min from his baseline rate. All changes in heart rate for S s in this study were maintained over successive sessions (days). The results are discussed in terms of applicability of operant conditioning technique to the clinical control of heart rate.
Comparison of TFD and Xα methods for molecules and solids

The Thomas–Fermi–Dirac (TFD) and multiple-scattering Xα (MS-Xα) methods are compared, for single atoms and for molecules and solids. Both methods are derived from Hamiltonians by variation of the charge density or spin orbitals, respectively, and the Hamiltonians for the two methods differ only in the kinetic energy term. It is pointed out that the main errors in the TFD method arise from the statistical version of the kinetic energy term. The Xα method, which uses the exact kinetic energy term, can be regarded as a modification of the TFD method which removes all the major errors in that method. The Coulomb energy and the exchange-correlation term are identical in both methods. By the example of the TFD method for the carbon atom we illustrate the various features of both methods, and it is pointed out that many features of the calculation of total energy by the Xα method, as described by the overlapping-sphere approach, can be understood better by studying the same problem from the TFD point of view.
The role of electron microscopy in the management of surgical patients

This report records a 12-month experience with 49 neoplasms submitted to the hospital pathologists for electron microscopic (EM) diagnosis as a part of routine clinical surgical practice. Twenty-five specimens were from a private community hospital and 24 from a university hospital. In 40 of 49 cases (82%), EM confirmed a tentative light microscopic (LM) diagnosis. In 11 of these 40 cases, EM provided a more specific histogenetic diagnosis than was possible by LM. In three cases (6%), EM corrected the original LM diagnosis. In two cases EM did resolve a diagnostic dilemma. EM is a beneficial adjunct to the correct diagnosis of selected tumors. Although in general EM does not help differentiate benign from malignant tumors, it is helpful in identifying the cell of origin of poorly differentiated neoplasma. A more precise histogenetic diagnosis was judged to be clinically helpful in 56% of th cases studied in this experience. EM is a relatively inexpensive ($115-250) and prompt (three to five days) adjunct to surgical care. It should be routinely available to the practicing surgeon for help in determining the cell type of confusing tumors. EM is no longer simply a research tool.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS REGULATE ADRENAL OPIATE PEPTIDES

Glucocorticoids regulate sympathoadrenal catecholamine (CA) biosynthesis. We determined whether co-localized adrenal opiate peptides are also subject to hormonal control. Adrenal cortical destruction (mitotane) decreased baseline leuenkephalin (LEU) levels in vivo by 38% (p<0.05). To examine cellular mechanisms, rat medullae were grown as explants in glucocorticoid deficient medium. LEU levels start low then increase in a dose-dependent fashion following corticosterone replacement (zero to 10−5 M) .Effects of glucocorticoids could be blocked by alkylating (CM-21, DM-21) or non-alkylating (cortexolone) receptor antagonists added to corticosterene containing medium. Moreover, inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor translocation to the nucleus ( cytochalasin B) also blocked the hormone effect. In addition, a 13 out of 17 nucleic acid match for a putative glucocorticoid receptor binding site was identified in intron A of the rat preproenkephalin genome. These observations are consistent with dual hormonal, and transsynaptic regulation (La Gamma, et al PNAS 82:8252, 1985) of opiate biosynthetic processes. Therefore, similar to CA, LEU exhibits significant transmitter plasticity which may serve an adaptive role in modulating complex biochemical and behavioral responses (eg. during stress or development) with exquisite precision. Supported in part by the American Heart Association.
Constructivism: Sound theory for explicating the practice of science and science teaching

Critics praise applications of constructivism in science pedagogy, but they argue that constructivism is severely impaired and hopelessly flawed as a theory. Flawed theory should not be employed to explain innovative practice. My purposes are twofold. First and foremost, I present a case to support my own and others' assertions that constructivism is a sound theory with which to explain the practice of science and science pedagogy. In accomplishing my primary purpose, I also fulfill my secondary purpose, to respond to constructivism's critics. My argument is presented in three parts. In Part 1, I delineate the epistemological ground with a brief synopsis of the purpose, nature, and orientation of radical and social constructivism. I then offer a synthesis of their foundations. In Part 2, I offer a constructivist account of five long-standing epistemological issues, including truth, solipsism, experience, instrumentalism, and relativity. Truth is the center piece of the argument, and I show how constructivism avoids the root paradox by embracing truth as coherence. Next, constructivism is shown to be a rejection of solipsism. Then, an account of experience based in neurophysiological theory, emergent properties, and the brain as a parallel data-processing organ is provided to support constructivism's inside-out view of experience, in which meaning making occurs within individual minds and in communities of individuals. In the final segment of Part 2, I present a constructivist account of relativity which focuses on physicists' acceptance of relativity, its translation to constructivist epistemology, and constructivists' request for silence regarding ontology. Response to critics' objections are also presented at appropriate points throughout Part 2. In the third part, I present constructivism as an epistemological foundation for a cybernetic perspective of knowing. I then summarize the value of constructivism in explaining and interpreting the practice of science and science pedagogy. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 501–520, 1998.
Representational validity of boundary representation models

Validity is an important property of solid modeling representations. It ensures that representations always describe physically realizable solids, instead of nonsense objects. This paper surveys and supplements the mathematical theory of ideal boundary representation (B-rep) of solids. In particular, it presents a complete set of conditions on representational nodes of a typical B-rep data structure and proves their sufficiency for model validity. Such conditions are useful in invalid model rectification procedures.
Public Service Motivation as a Predictor of Attraction to the Public Sector.

Abstract According to public service motivation theory, individuals with a strong public service orientation are attracted to government jobs. This proposition was investigated in three studies by measuring public sector motivation at a pre-entry level as an individual difference variable affecting perceptions of fit and organizational attraction. Results were consistent with a positive relationship between public sector motivation and attraction to both public sector and non-profit organizations. Despite substantial overlap between the constructs of public sector motivation and agreeableness, the present research indicated that public sector motivation has utility in predicting employment interests beyond the general personality factor of agreeableness.
New synthesis routes to 2‐halopyridines. I. 2‐chloropyridine

The use of bromine chloride (equilibrium mixture) in substitution reactions has been extended to heterocyclic substrates. The vapor phase bromination of pyridine (I) with bromine chloride at temperatures as low as 375° (carbon tetrachloride diluent) gave the following product distribution: 2-bromopyridine (IV) (75%) > 2-chloropyridine (VI) (21%) > 3-bromopyridine (II) (2.0%) ≅ 2,6-dibromopyridine (VI) (1.5%). In contrast, when bromine was employed in place of bromine chloride (450°; carbon tetrachloride diluent), product orientation was significantly altered to give nearly equal quantities of 3-bromopyridine (II) (17%) and 2-bromopyridine (IV) (22.7%).
Temporal correlation in recreation demand models with limited data

Abstract Typical single-site recreation demand models assume the decision to take a recreation trip on a particular choice occasion is independent of all past trip decisions. This paper develops a model of recreation behavior that allows for temporal correlation between choice occasions, but can be estimated on standard recreation demand data (i.e. seasonal summaries of behavior). Nested within the temporally correlated model is the Poisson count data model often employed in single-site recreation demand studies.
Electrocardiographic findings in concentric and eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy.

E lectrocardiographic criteria for the recognition of left ventricular hypertrophy have been derived empirically from electrocardiographic-clinical and electrocardiographic-pathologic correlations. Electrophysiologic bases for the various electrocardiographic abnormalities seen in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy are uncertain, as has been pointed out in the recent comprehensive review of the subject.’ The present study was prompted by the realization that little attention has hitherto been paid to whether the increase in left ventricular muscle mass was associated with a normal residual volume or combined with an increase in residual volume-that is, dilatation-in the left ventricular chamber. Thus, the purpose of this study is to compare the electrocardiographic features of cases of pure left ventricular hypertrophy in which, on clinical and pathologic grounds, the volume of the left ventricular cavity was thought to be normal with those of cases in which an appreciable dilatation of that chamber appeared to have been present.
Cultivar-dependent transcript accumulation in wheat roots colonized by Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 wild type and mutant strains

Abstract In Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), the root-colonizing bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Q8r1-96 produces the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), suppresses damage caused by soilborne root pathogens, and modulates multiple stress or defense pathways in wheat roots. To test the hypothesis that DAPG is an inducer of root defense responses, we compared the impact of wild type and a DAPG null mutant on the abundance of fifteen wheat root defense gene homologues in two wheat cultivars, Buchanan and Tara, using real-time PCR. We also sought to determine whether the type III secretion system (T3SS) of Q8r1-96 is important for root defense gene induction by using a T3SS deletion mutant of Q8r1-96. Transcripts encoding dihydroxyacetone reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, a hypersensitive response-induced protein, pathogenesis-related protein10a (PR-10a) and two glutathione- S -transferases were induced in a strain–dependent manner relative to no-bacterium controls within the 24-h interval of the study. Our findings indicated that neither DAPG nor the T3SS were key single factors in the expression of all the root defense homologues. However, gene expression was induced to a greater degree in cv. Buchanan compared to cv. Tara. Clusters of co-induced transcripts also differed with the host cultivar-bacterial strain combination. Cultivar dependence of molecular root defense responses to biocontrol P. fluorescens has implications for the utility of biocontrol pseudomonads in greenhouse and field crop production systems.
The Development of CJK Bibliographic Databases in North America and East Asia

The successful development of computer technology for automating Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CIK) vernacular scripts and the completion of the RLIN CJK system in 1983 marked the beginning of online operations of East Asian libraries in North America and helped keep them in the mainstream of library automation. The RLIN CIK system and the subsequently developed OCLC CJK system are building CJK bibliographic databases which have made East Asian cooperative cataloging and resources sharing a true reality. The emergence, features, current conditions, and future plans of the two CJK systems are discussed. So are the automated programs of national libraries in East Asia in terms of their building national databases for vernacular materials and designing and producing national MARCs for exchange of bibliographic information among libraries. The outlook of cooperation between the CJK systems and international exchange of CJK bibliographic information is also examined.
Force Measurements on Locusts during Visually-Evoked Collision Avoidance Maneuvers

The collision avoidance behavior of the locust, Schistocerca americana, in response to simulated approaching objects, also called looming stimuli, was investigated in a low speed wind tunnel. The animals were mounted using a sting on a sensitive six-component microbalance custom-designed for the experiments. Forces and moments were measured as a function of time during the simulated approach and interpreted in the context of collision avoidance behaviors. The stimuli presented from the side effectively evoked robust and discernible collision avoidance responses. Locusts attempted to avoid collision by either flying over or under the looming object, or alternatively by steering around it. These efforts appeared in the form of changes in aerodynamic forces and moments as a function of time. It was also observed that the locusts increased the wing flapping frequency in response to the stimulus.
Analysis of slant STEC methodologies

The era of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and burgeoning worldwide receiver networks have increased the fidelity of ionospheric models and capacity of their applications. Precise slant total electron content (STEC) measurements are critical for a plethora of modern applications including precision navigation and geolocation, radio communication, surveillance, and weather modeling. The precision of STEC estimates from dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) data is bounded by carrier phase noise, multipath effects, and systematic errors of estimating satellite and receiver biases (C. Brunini and F. Azpilicueta, Geodesy, 84:293-304). Through a collaborative effort, this presentation investigates precision of STEC estimates by analyzing disparities in STEC derived from International GNSS Service (IGS) GPS data among three independent processing chains: an open source algorithm developed at the Applied Research Laboratories at the University of Texas at Austin (ARL:UT) and algorithms developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Haystack Observatory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A common data set consisting of RINEX files from nearly 150 IGS stations in early March 2012 was processed by all three algorithms. After removing satellite and receiver biases from the STEC estimates, three ΔSTEC comparisons were analyzed over a period of quiescent ionospheric conditions on March 4th, 2012 and a period following a coronal mass ejection on March 7th, 2012. The debiased ΔSTEC values represent the inherent processing noise due to the Kalman filtering technique of obtaining STEC from dual-frequency GPS observations. Results of the ΔSTEC distributions and impact of the processing error will be presented.
The DAWGPAWS pipeline for the annotation of genes and transposable elements in plant genomes.

High quality annotation of the genes and transposable elements in complex genomes requires a human-curated integration of multiple sources of computational evidence. These evidences include results from a diversity of ab initio prediction programs as well as homology-based searches. Most of these programs operate on a single contiguous sequence at a time, and the results are generated in a diverse array of readable formats that must be translated to a standardized file format. These translated results must then be concatenated into a single source, and then presented in an integrated form for human curation. We have designed, implemented, and assessed a Perl-based workflow named DAWGPAWS for the generation of computational results for human curation of the genes and transposable elements in plant genomes. The use of DAWGPAWS was found to accelerate annotation of 80–200 kb wheat DNA inserts in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) vectors by approximately twenty-fold and to also significantly improve the quality of the annotation in terms of completeness and accuracy. The DAWGPAWS genome annotation pipeline fills an important need in the annotation of plant genomes by generating computational evidences in a high throughput manner, translating these results to a common file format, and facilitating the human curation of these computational results. We have verified the value of DAWGPAWS by using this pipeline to annotate the genes and transposable elements in 220 BAC insertions from the hexaploid wheat genome (Triticum aestivum L.). DAWGPAWS can be applied to annotation efforts in other plant genomes with minor modifications of program-specific configuration files, and the modular design of the workflow facilitates integration into existing pipelines.
Performance evaluation of high voltage super junction MOSFETs for zero-voltage soft-switching inverter applications

This paper evaluates three different 600V-level super junction (SJ) MOSFETs employed in zero-voltage soft-switching inverter applications. Inverter efficiency was measured and compared with the same inverter test setup by only changing different MOSFETs. Besides high efficiency requirement, better switching performance is also highly appreciated in various inverter applications. Comparison test was done on each super junction MOSFET to investigate its body diode reverse recovery and associated problems. Based on performance of both efficiency and reverse recovery related issues, a high voltage super junction MOSFET selection for softswitching inverter was suggested.
The effects of bacterial plaque extracts on organ cultures of fetal rat masticatory mucosa. I. Histochemistry.

. Cytotoxicity of pooled extracts from bacterial plaque was demonstrated by inoculating organ cultures of fetal rat masticatory mucosa. Advanced cytotoxic reactions were characterized by pyknosis, karyorrehexis, hyperkeratosis and possible acantholysis. Histochemical microscopy indicated possible alteration in Krebs cycle function and an increased anaerobic metabolism. Quantitative histochemistry demonstrated a statistically significant increase in total lactic dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphalc dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in test explants when compared to controls. Test explants also exhibited a significant decrease in malic and isocitric dehydrogenase activities.
Eukaryotic Mechanosensitive Channels

Mechanosensitive ion channels are gated directly by physical stimuli and transduce these stimuli into electrical signals. Several criteria must apply for a channel to be considered mechanically gated. Mechanosensitive channels from bacterial systems have met these criteria, but few eukaryotic channels have been confirmed by the same standards. Recent work has suggested or confirmed that diverse types of channels, including TRP channels, K2P channels, MscS-like proteins, and DEG/ENaC channels, are mechanically gated. Several studies point to the importance of the plasma membrane for channel gating, but intracellular and/or extracellular structures may also be required.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Outcomes of Patients With Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Who Received Mechanical Circulatory Support: Data From the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support”

In patients with end-stage heart failure who are supported by mechanical circulatory support devices, myocardial recovery leading to explantation of the device would be an ideal outcome. Isolated initial reports suggested that maximization of heart failure medications could lead to an increased recovery rate in these patients.1,2 Unfortunately, prospective studies designed to evaluate recovery of myocardial …
The Effect Of Neutron Irradiation On The High Temperature Operation Of Injection Laser Diodes

Certain optoelectronic applications for which it would be desirable to use an injection laser diode (ILD) require that the light source be exposed to a combined hostile environment of both radiation and high temperature. Because of the complexity of ILD's it is very possi-ble that these two hostile components will have detrimental synergistic effects on the laser. We have studied the effects of fast neutron irradiation on the high temperature (T<100°C) operation of ILD's. In general, it was found that the ILD's were more sensitive to irradia-tion at higher temperatures, and that the lasers with the least temperature variation in threshold current were the least sensitive to irradiation.
Web-derived resources for web information retrieval: from conceptual hierarchies to attribute hierarchies

A weakly-supervised extraction method identifies concepts within conceptual hierarchies, at the appropriate level of specificity (e.g., Bank vs. Institution), to which attributes (e.g., routing number) extracted from unstructured text best apply. The extraction exploits labeled classes of instances acquired from a combination of Web documents and query logs, and inserted into existing conceptual hierarchies. The correct concept is identified within the top three positions on average over gold-standard attributes, which corresponds to higher accuracy than in alternative experiments.
The N-Linked Outer Chain Mannans and the Dfg5p and Dcw1p Endo-α-1,6-Mannanases Are Needed for Incorporation of Candida albicans Glycoproteins into the Cell Wall

A biochemical pathway for the incorporation of cell wall protein into the cell wall of Neurospora crassa was recently proposed. In this pathway, the DFG-5 and DCW-1 endo-α-1,6-mannanases function to covalently cross-link cell wall protein-associated N-linked galactomannans, which are structurally related to the yeast outer chain mannans, into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix. In this report, we demonstrate that the mannosyltransferase enzyme Och1p, which is needed for the synthesis of the N-linked outer chain mannan, is essential for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the Candida albicans cell wall. Using endoglycosidases, we show that C. albicans cell wall proteins are cross-linked into the cell wall via their N-linked outer chain mannans. We further demonstrate that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases are needed for the incorporation of cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall. Our results support the hypothesis that the Dfg5p and Dcw1p α-1,6-mannanases incorporate cell wall glycoproteins into the C. albicans cell wall by cross-linking outer chain mannans into the cell wall glucan-chitin matrix.
Structure Determination of Natural Products by Mass Spectrometry

I review laboratory research on the development of mass spectrometric methodology for the determination of the structure of natural products of biological and medical interest, which I conducted from 1958 to the end of the twentieth century. The methodology was developed by converting small peptides to their corresponding polyamino alcohols to make them amenable to mass spectrometry, thereby making it applicable to whole proteins. The structures of alkaloids were determined by analyzing the fragmentation of a known alkaloid and then using the results to deduce the structures of related compounds. Heparin-like structures were investigated by determining their molecular weights from the mass of protonated molecular ions of complexes with highly basic, synthetic peptides. Mass spectrometry was also employed in the analysis of lunar material returned by the Apollo missions. A miniaturized gas chromatograph mass spectrometer was sent to Mars on board of the two Viking 1976 spacecrafts.
Measurement of changes in optical path length and reflectivity with phase-shifting laser feedback interferometry

The operating characteristics of a novel phase-shifting interferometer are presented. Interference arises by reflecting the light from a sample back into the cavity of a cw He–Ne laser. Changes in phase and fringe visibility are calculated from an overdetermined set of phase-shifted intensity measurements with the phase shifts being introduced with an electro-optic modulator. The interferometer is sensitive enough to measure displacements below 1 Hz with a rms error of approximately 1 nm from a sample that reflects only 3% of the 28 µW that is incident on its surface. The interferometer is applied to the determination of cantilever bending of a piezoelectric bimorph.
Accurate tuning curves in a cochlear model

Most practical models of cochlear mechanics are based on approximations to the wave equation in the cochlea. These approximations engender compromises in the accuracy with which the cochlear motion can be reproduced. Tuning curves are compared here for two cochlear models, one based on a cascade of low-pass filter sections and the other based on a cascade of filter sections derived from a one-dimensional transmission line. The filters in the two simulations are designed to give comparable latency in the neural response to inputs at different frequencies, and the simulations include an active gain-control mechanism to adjust the characteristics of each section with changes in the input signal level. The resultant simulated tuning curves and neural outputs indicate that the modified transmission-line approximation yields a more accurate cochlear model. >
Is it sometimes better to receive than to give? Preferences for receiver roles over proposer roles in consumer behavior ultimatums

In the context of purchasing ultimatums, consumers may dislike the freedom of choice that comes with proposing offers due to their awareness that the other party may have better information than they do and the fact that the attractiveness of outside alternatives is uncertain. Indeed, across three studies, we find that people prefer to receive rather than propose offers. In Study 1, proposers reached fewer agreements and experienced less favorable attitudes (e.g., satisfaction, fairness, recommendation intentions), particularly when their offers were rejected. In Study 2, proposers experienced more uncertainty and cognitive depletion as compared to receivers, again particularly if the proposed offer was rejected. In Study 3, role preferences were explained by the existence of higher regret in the proposer role, particularly if the proposed offer was rejected. We conclude with a consideration of the theoretical and practical implications of our research for scholars, customers, and service providers.
Cold Atmospheric Plasma: methods of production and application in dentistry and oncology

Cold Atmospheric Plasma is an ionized gas that has recently been extensively studied by researchers as a possible therapy in dentistry and oncology. Several different gases can be used to produce Cold Atmospheric Plasma such as Helium, Argon, Nitrogen, Heliox, and air. There are many methods of production by which cold atmospheric plasma is created. Each unique method can be used in different biomedical areas. In dentistry, researchers have mostly investigated the antimicrobial effects produced by plasma as a means to remove dental biofilms and eradicate oral pathogens. It has been shown that reactive oxidative species, charged particles, and UV photons play the main role. Cold Atmospheric Plasma has also found a minor, but important role in tooth whitening and composite restoration. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that Cold Atmospheric Plasma induces apoptosis, necrosis, cell detachment, and senescence by disrupting the S phase of cell replication in tumor cells. This unique finding opens up its potential therapy in oncology.
Periodontal regeneration - furcation defects: a systematic review from the AAP Regeneration Workshop.

Background: The aim of this review is to present the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of different regenerative approaches for the treatment of furcation defects in specific clinical scenarios compared with conventional surgical therapy to provide clinical guidelines for the therapeutic management of furcation defects and to identify priorities for future research that may advance the understanding of periodontal regenerative medicine.Methods: A comprehensive search based on predetermined eligibility criteria was conducted to identify human original studies and systematic reviews on the topic of periodontal regeneration of furcation defects. Two reviewers independently screened the title and abstract of the entries yielded from the initial search. Subsequently, both reviewers read the full-text version of potentially eligible studies, made a final article selection, and extracted the data of the selected studies considering specific clinical scenarios. The clinical scenarios contemplated in ...
Space Interferometer Mission Testbed III (STB-3)

The Space Interferometer Mission Testbed III (STB-3) is part of the Space Interferometer Mission (SIM) project that is being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). SIM has various testbeds that will be used to demonstrate the feasibility of various technologies that should be demonstrated to mitigate risk to the SIM project and future Space Interferometer projects. Two major challenges are making precision measurements to picometer levels for the metrology system and controlling optical elements to nanometer levels. The STB-3 will be used to validate some of the nanometer technology that will be used by the SIM project. Specifically, STB-3 is designed to demonstrate pathlength feed-forward (PFF), white Light fringe acquisition and tracking under nanometer level pathlength control on a flexible structure. STB-3 will demonstrate pathlength feed-forward with a three-baseline interferometer on a flexible structure using a SIM like architecture. Pathlength feed-forward uses fringe position information from the two guide interferometers to properly adjust the delay line position of the science interferometer delay line. In addition, STB-3 will demonstrate disturbance rejection and attenuation, at the levels required by SIM. STB-3 will evolve into the SIM instrument testbed in four phases. Phase 1 will demonstrate PFF on optical tables, phase 2 will demonstrate PFF on a flexible structure, phase 3 will demonstrate "full interferometer" functionality on a flexible structure, and in phase 4 it will be upgraded to meet the flight interferometer integration and test, and operations needs. This paper focuses on phase one of STB-3, phase 1 goals, phase 1 description, the facility, and the phase 1 and 2 development strategy.
Line-of-vision surgical guide to implant placement in the anterior mandible

Optimal placement of dental implants is best accomplished by thorough treatment planning and collaboration between the restorative dentist and the surgeon.’ The restorative dentist establishes the desired prosthesis design, appearance, and intraoral positioning and often fabricates a surgical template to guide the placement of implants for compatibility with prosthesis requirements.2-5 Precise location and axial orientation are essential for optimal esthetics and phonetics in the anterior maxilla because of the high visibility of the prosthesis-mucosal junction. In the anterior mandible, as long as severe lingual orientation, associated tongue irritation, and severe labial orientation and associated facial screw-access holes are avoided, there is more variability in acceptable implant location and axial orientation.
Benign liver and biliary tract masses in infants and toddlers.

Abstract There is a remarkable diversity of conditions encompassed by benign liver masses in infants and toddlers. The most common benign hepatic tumor in this age group is infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma. Other commonly seen benign tumors are mesenchymal hamartoma and focal nodular hyperplasia. Hepatic adenoma is almost exclusively a disease of older children; primary, hepatic teratoma is exceedingly rare. There are several distinguishing characteristics of these benign tumors on radiographic evaluation; however, imaging techniques such as ultrasound scan, computed tomography, and angiography are not always reliable in differentiating benign from malignant tumors. The differential diagnosis of benign hepatic tumors includes nonneoplastic cystic masses including biliary and simple hepatic cysts, hematoma, parasitic cysts, and pyogenic and amebic liver abscess. Choledochal cyst presents with a classic triad of abdominal pain, cholestatic jaundice, and a palpable abdominal mass. They are classified anatomically into 5 subtypes with the most popular types being type I and type IV. Treatment is with complete cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction.
Gardening Activities, Education, and Self-Esteem: Learning Outside the Classroom

Numerous articles have been written about the impact of community-based work and self-esteem, self-efficacy, and gardening in an educational environment. Empirical data suggest that when students h...