cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurons and glia in purified retinal cultures identified by monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filaments

Two monoclonal antibodies known to bind intermediate filaments were used to identify neurons and glia from embryonic chick neural retina. Neurofilament specific antibody RT-97-F1, bound neuroepithelial cells, migrating neurons, as well as the photoreceptor layer, plexiform layers and optic fiber layer. The other, 3A7, bound intermediate filaments of Muller cells. In purified neuronal cultures, RT-97-F1 bound 75, 83 and 98% of the cells present at 24, 48 and 72 h respectively, while 3A7 bound 26, 15 and 0.3% for the same times in vitro. In purified glial cultures, RT-97-F1 showed a weak perinuclear binding, while 3A7 strongly bound intermediate filaments of nearly 100% of the cells. These antibodies confirmed and quantitated the high purity of our cultures.
The Measurement of Misconduct

The Office of Inspector General at the U.S. National Science Foundation is studying the feasibility of statistical surveys to measure the frequency with which misconduct in science occurs. Such information would be useful in shaping federal government policy. Existing data are known to be inadequate for this purpose. A basic choice must be made between a survey in which respondents would report on their own misconduct and one in which they would report on misconduct they have observed. The methodological difficulties involved in both kinds of survey are discussed Suggestions are sought from the scientific community.
Nature of lectin-induced alteration of potassium transfer in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

The way in which the lectins concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (Ricin) alter the K+ content of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was investigated. Unidirectional and net fluxes were determined in unwashed cells during a time course following lectin addition. Total influx, ouabain sensitive influx, Mg++- and Na+-K+-ATPase activity were all unaffected. Cell ATP content was normal for at least 19 minutes after exposure to Con A. Early after contact with Ricin or Con A efflux was stimulated 2-3-fold, resulting in net K+ loss, but after 20 minutes efflux had returned to normal. Ricin and Con A acted similarly although Ricin was present at only 1/50 the concentration of Con A. When the findings are evaluated together with previous work it is suggested that a particular membrane glycoprotein may be concerned in the efflux alteration observed.
Phonon runaway in carbon nanotube quantum dots

We explore electronic transport in a nanotube quantum dot strongly coupled with vibrations and weakly with leads and the thermal environment. We show that the recent observation of anomalous conductance signatures in single-walled carbon nanotube quantum dots [B. J. LeRoy et al., Nature (London) 395, 371 (2004) and B. J. LeRoy et al., Phys. Rev. B 72, 075413 (2005)] can be understood quantitatively in terms of current driven ``hot phonons'' that are strongly correlated with electrons. Using rate equations in the many-body configuration space for the joint electron-phonon distribution, we argue that the variations are indicative of strong electron-phonon coupling requiring an analysis beyond the traditional uncorrelated phonon-assisted transport (Tien-Gordon) approach.
Analysis and Pspice simulation of family of resonant power factor correction circuits

In this paper, we review the development of power factor correction circuits (PFCC) and present the requirements for PFCCs. A high power factor correction topology proposed with a single stage is analyzed and evaluated. The two outputs of the converter can be controlled independently using different control techniques. Because this power factor circuit handles only partial power delivered to the load and can operate at zero-voltage-switching (ZVS), it has relative high efficiency compared with conventional converters. It is shown that high power factor can be achieved even without active control based on the natural characteristics of resonant converter. The Pspice simulation results verified the theoretical approach.
Hunting Camps and Hunting Magic: Petroglyphs of the Eldorado Divide, West Texas

Seven open bedrock petroglyph sites on the western Edwards Plateau share similarities that suggest that these locations were temporary hunting camps, used during the rainy season by people whose ranges centered around the major rivers that flow north, south, east, and west of the Eldorado Divide. All are remote from permanent water, but all contain natural bedrock cavities capable of holding casual water for at least a month in the cooler seasons. Burned rock features testify to domestic activities or processing of procured resources. Three categories of petroglyphs—meandering lines, discrete geometrics, and representational motifs, including animal tracks—have been abraded into flat expanses of exposed limestone bedrock at these sites. The association between animal tracks and casual water sources suggests that hunting magic was one reason that ritual art was produced at these otherwise obscure locations.
Spline-based semiparametric estimation of partially linear Poisson regression with single-index models

Epidemiological studies have shown that the high levels of air pollution are associated with the increased mortality. To further characterise the health effects of air pollutants, we propose a spline-based partially linear Poisson single-index model to study the relationship of multi-dimensional air pollution exposure to mortality. B-splines are used to approximate the unknown regression function. A modified Fisher scoring method is applied to simultaneously estimate the linear coefficients and the regression function. The estimator of the regression function is consistent with a better than cubic root convergence rate and the estimators of regression parameters are asymptotically normal and efficient. Also a simple and consistent variance estimation approach based on least-squares method is proposed. An extensive Monte Carlo study is conducted to evaluate the finite sample performance of the proposed spline approach. The method is illustrated using data from an epidemiological study of ambient fine parti...
ObjectRank: a system for authority-based search on databases

We present ObjectRank demo system that performs authority-based keyword search on bibliographic databases. We also provide Inverse ObjectRank as a keyword-specific specificity metric and other calibration parameters such as Global ObjectRank. Users can specify various combinations of calibration values to control the behavior of the demo. Finally, we propose a methodology that enables us to extend query results using the ontology graph.
Human metapneumovirus: Important but not currently diagnosable

Human metapneumovirus was invisible before 2001, in part because the virus did not infect standard cell lines used to isolate respiratory virus pathogens. Five years later, there is a flurry of res...
Issues revolving round the regulation of reproductively related genes in Drosophila.

Love – love is strangeMany people take it for a game—Smith et al. (1957)Genes involved in behavior of the fruitfly D. melanogaster are coming under increasing scrutiny. Many of the recent studies i...
Proton recoil spectrometer for neutron spectra between 50 and 450 MeV

Abstract A proton recoil spectrometer has been constructed and used to obtain energy spectra of neutrons emitted from targets bombarded by 160- and 450-MeV protons. The instrument employs a polyethylene radiator as the source of the recoil protons and measures the energy of the protons from the pulse height obtained when the proton passes through a thin NaI(Tl) crystal. The paper discusses the details of constructing the spectrometer and the circuitry used during operation. A Monte Carlo program for calculating the efficiency and resolution of the spectrometer is described. The effect of the Landau spread in the energy deposited in the NaI(Tl) energy detector is included in the resolution calculation. Typical energy spectra for secondary neutrons and protons are presented and the unfolding program used to compensate for the skewed energy resolution function of the spectrometer is discussed.
Stent-graft repair of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers in the descending thoracic aorta: mid-term results.

Abstract Background Localized aortic pathoanatomic abnormalities are good targets for endovascular stent-grafting but only short-term results have been reported. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of endovascular stent-graft treatment of patients with descending thoracic atherosclerotic penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers (PAU) and to identify risk factors for treatment failure. Methods Between 1993 and 2000 endovascular repair of PAU with first-generation (custom-fabricated) and second-generation (commercial) stent-grafts was performed in 26 patients (mean age, 70 years), 6 (23%) of whom had rupture. Fourteen patients (54%) were not candidates for open surgical repair. Follow-up was 100% complete (average, 51 months; maximum, 114 months). Outcome variables considered in the multivariable analysis included death and treatment failure (composite end-point comprising early death, endoleak, stent-graft mechanical fault, late aortic event, reintervention, and aortic-related or sudden death). Results Three patients (12% ± 7% [±70% confidence limits]) died within 30 days and 2 had an early type I endoleak. Primary success rate was 92%. Actuarial survival estimates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 85% ± 8%, 76% ± 8% and 70% ± 10% respectively and actuarial freedom from treatment failure was 81% ± 8%, 71% ± 9% and 65% ± 10%. Multivariable analyses identified previous cerebrovascular accident (hazard ratio [HR] 17.1, p = 0.02) and female sex (HR 7.4, p = 0.08) as independent risk factors for death. For treatment failure the predictors were increasing aortic diameter (HR 1.1 [per mm above the mean value], p = 0.01) and female sex (HR 5.5, p = 0.09). Conclusions Endovascular stent-graft repair is effective but not curative treatment for selected, high surgical risk, elderly patients with a descending aortic PAU over the medium term. Assiduous serial follow-up imaging after stent-grafting is mandatory to detect late complications especially in those with a large aorta.
VLBI Observations of the Water Masers near LkHα 234 and BD +40 4124

I present observations made with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's Very Large Array and Very Long Baseline Array of the water masers near the candidate Herbig Ae/Be star V1318 Cygni S (V1318S) in the vicinity of the Herbig Ae/Be star BD +40 4124 and near the Herbig Ae/Be star LkHα 234. The water masers are not found to be associated with either of the Herbig Ae/Be stars dominant in the optical but with other embedded sources. The masers appear to form in the outflows from these sources, some of which have been detected in radio continuum by other authors. The water masers near BD +40 4124 are found to be associated with the star V1318S, itself a candidate Herbig Ae/Be star. The water masers imaged with very long baseline interferometry resolutions near LkHα 234 are found to be associated with the continuum sources LkHα 234–VLA 2 and LkHα 234–VLA 3B. I do not detect maser emission from LkHα 234–VLA1. It is likely that the water maser emission originally thought to be associated with Herbig Ae/Be stars is in fact hosted by embedded young stellar objects, is linked to their outflowing jets, and is not found in their disks.
On the Selective Nature of Bias

RESEARCHERS who are confronted with nonprobabilistic samples or samples with large proportions of nonresponse often select a few variables they expect to be associated with the variable of main interest (for which population means are known) and compare the sample means with the known population means. If they find no significant differences on the associated variables they then conclude that the sample is representative for the variable of main interest. The following example shows the danger inherent in this practice. A study of the relationship between blood pressure and a few behavioral variables was recently completed at a university campus on the East Coast. Undergraduate students were asked to submit to a blood pressure test on a voluntary basis at the health services center. Upon the completion of the testing an important question which arose was, "Is this voluntary sample representative of the population in terms of blood pressure?" Fortunately, blood pressure data and data on a number of other variables expected to be associated with blood pressure were available for every undergraduate student in the university health records. The associated variables were: (1) family history including health status, age at death, cause of death of parents; (2) medical history for parents for medical conditions such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and high blood pressure; (3) personal medical history; and (4) data from physical examinations. The total population of undergraduate students was divided into two groups. The first group was composed of those students who participated in the study. The second group was composed of those students who did not participate in the study. A systematic sample was then drawn from the health records for each group and t-tests (large sample) were performed on the variables expected to be associated with blood pressure. No significant differences for mean and
A Metal Mesh Foil Bearing and a Bump-Type Foil Bearing: Comparison of Performance for Two Similar Size Gas Bearings

Gas bearings in oil-free microturbomachinery for gas process applications and power generation (< 400 kW) must be reliable and inexpensive, ensuring low drag power and thermal stability. Bump-type foil bearings (B-FBs) and overleaf-type foil bearings are in use in specialized applications, though their development-time (design and prototyping), exotic materials, and excessive manufacturing cost still prevent their widespread usage. Metal mesh foil bearings (MMFBs), on the other hand, are an inexpensive alternative that uses common materials and no restrictions on intellectual property. Laboratory testing shows that prototype MMFBs perform similarly as typical BFBs but offering significantly larger damping to dissipate mechanical energy due to rotor vibrations. This paper details a one-to-one comparison of the static and dynamic forced performance characteristics of a MMFB against a BFB of similar size and showcases the advantages and disadvantages of MMFBs. The bearings for comparison are a Generation I BFB and a MMFB, both with a slenderness ratio L/D = 1.04. Measurements of rotor lift-off speed and drag friction at start-up and airborne conditions were conducted for rotor speeds to 70 krpm and under identical specific loads (W/LD = 0.06 to 0.26 bar). Static load versus bearing elastic deflection tests evidence a typical hardening nonlinearity with mechanical hysteresis; the MMFB showing two to three times more material damping than the BFB. The MMFB exhibits larger drag torques during rotor start-up and shut-down tests though bearing lift-off happens at lower rotor speeds (∼15 krpm). As the rotor becomes airborne, both bearings offer very low drag friction coefficients, ∼0.03 for the MMFB and ∼0.04 for the BFB in the speed range 20–40 krpm. With the bearings floating on a journal spinning at 50 krpm, the MMFB dynamic direct force coefficients show little frequency dependency, while the BFB stiffness and damping increases with frequency (200–400 Hz). The BFB has a much larger stiffness and viscous damping coefficients than the MMFB. However, the MMFB material loss factor is at least twice as large as that in the BFB. The experiments show the MMFB, when compared to the BFB, has a lower drag power and earlier lift-off speed, and with dynamic force coefficients having a lesser dependency on whirl frequency excitation.© 2012 ASME
Sequences within Fibrinogen and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Modulate Signals Required for Mitogenesis

The interaction of fibrinogen (Fg) with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM) on B-lymphoid Raji cells results in mitogenesis (Gardiner, E. E., and D'Souza, S. E. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 15474-15480). Incubation of Raji with Fg resulted in the increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor-associated tyrosine kinase, pp60(Src) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK). The increase in ERK-1 phosphorylation was blocked by a peptide with sequence matching ICAM-1-(8-22) and corresponded to a decrease in ERK-1 enzymatic activity. 100 microM amounts of Fg peptide gamma-(117-133) caused an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK-1. These results are consistent with our previous report wherein ICAM-1-(8-22) blocked Fg-induced mitogenesis and Fg-gamma-(117-133) induced proliferation in Raji. The specific inhibitor of MEK, PD98059 (25 microM), abrogated the increased phosphorylation of ERK-1 and blocked Raji mitogenesis by >50%. Inhibitors of pp60(Src), geldanamycin (62 nM), and herbimycin A (2.5 microM) blocked >50% of Raji proliferation. These results indicate that the proliferation induced by Fg interactions with ICAM-1 is mediated in part by receptor-associated tyrosine kinases and ERK-1, and that the recognition sequences within Fg and ICAM-1 participate in the signaling process.
Public perceptions and preferences concerning Pacific salmon recovery: an Oregon “voluntary and grassroots” perspective

Abstract This research examines mobilization conceptions of how international interdependence affects political conflict in developing societies. Two views are investigated. The factoral approach treats conflict as a product of the abundance or scarcity of specific factors of production, while the sectoral approach regards the competitiveness and export performance of a nation’s industries as the key to conflict. A sector’s size and strength are also viewed as important variables. A cross-national design is used to determine how a nation’s levels of manufacturing imports and direct foreign investments interact with factoral and sectoral variables to affect political conflict. The results suggest a consistent positive association between protest and the interaction between labor abundance and interdependence. Capital abundance was unrelated to conflict, and competitiveness, export performance, sectoral size, and sectoral strength all were positively related to protest.
Using real-world cases to illustrate the power of analytical procedures

Abstract Accounting instructors often introduce analytical procedures (APs) to students as a series of techniques that help to reduce audit time and cost. However, they do not generally provide students with sufficient real-world cases that encourage students to use data from multiple sources, exercise judgment, and evaluate risks. This paper uses MiniScribe Corporation to illustrate how a real-world case might be incorporated into an auditing class to achieve some of the recommendations of the Accounting Education Change Commission and, at the same time, highlight the efficiency and effectiveness of APs. The case also reinforces the joint importance of qualitative and quantitative factors in detecting management fraud
PROCTOR: An on-line student evaluation and monitoring system for use with PSI format courses

PROCTOR, an on-line interactive system for student evaluation and monitoring in courses employing the PSI format, is described. This system involves a tester module that assumes many of the routine managerial duties traditionally assigned to the student proctor, such as quiz administration and scoring, performance feedback, and complete record keeping. Also, PROCTOR includes a multipurpose editor that allows an instructor to enter, examine, or modify any information in the disk files accessed by the tester. Factors related to the implementation and use of this system are considered, and its advantages for management, quality control, and staffing in PSI courses are discussed.
Metachronous bilateral wilms tumor Report of longest-known survivor and guidelines for conservative management

Abstract In a one-year-old black male patient a classic Wilms tumor of the left kidney was treated with left nephrectomy, chemotherapy, and irradiation to the entire abdomen. Two years later a mature Wilms tumor, consisting predominantly of rhabdomyomatous elements, was discovered in the right kidney. Although a second course of chemotherapy was given and 2,000 rad were delivered to the right flank, the mass continued to enlarge with progressive deterioration of renal function. A nephron-sparing procedure was performed, in which a 3,400-g tumor measuring 19 cm × 16 cm × 9 cm was enucleated from the right kidney without compromise to the remaining normal tissue. Pathologic examination of the surgical specimen revealed a mature Wilms tumor with a malignant anaplastic sarcoma arising in the central portion. Currently, he is disease free with normal renal function more than twenty years after diagnosis of the metachronous bilateral Wilms tumor. We believe he is the longest known surviving metachronous Wilms tumor patient and emphasizes the importance of conservative, meticulous surgery in the management of both unilateral and bilateral Wilms tumors. The role of multimodal therapy (chemotherapy, irradiation, and surgery) as well as the current guidelines for the management of bilateral Wilms tumors as proposed by the National Wilms Tumor Study are reviewed.
The Crystallization of Monosodium Urate

Gout is a common crystal-induced arthritis, in which monosodium urate (MSU) crystals precipitate within joints and soft tissues and elicit an inflammatory response. The causes of elevated serum urate and the inflammatory pathways activated by MSU crystals have been well studied, but less is known about the processes leading to crystal formation and growth. Uric acid, the final product of purine metabolism, is a weak acid that circulates as the deprotonated urate anion under physiologic conditions, and combines with sodium ions to form MSU. MSU crystals are known to have a triclinic structure, in which stacked sheets of purine rings form the needle-shaped crystals that are observed microscopically. Exposed, charged crystal surfaces are thought to allow for interaction with phospholipid membranes and serum factors, playing a role in the crystal-mediated inflammatory response. While hyperuricemia is a clear risk factor for gout, local factors have been hypothesized to play a role in crystal formation, such as temperature, pH, mechanical stress, cartilage components, and other synovial and serum factors. Interestingly, several studies suggest that MSU crystals may drive the generation of crystal-specific antibodies that facilitate future MSU crystallization. Here, we review MSU crystal biology, including a discussion of crystal structure, effector function, and factors thought to play a role in crystal formation. We also briefly compare MSU biology to that of uric acid stones causing nephrolithasis, and consider the potential treatment implications of MSU crystal biology.
Atrial fibrillation after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting: A retrospective, matched study

Abstract Background: Atrial fibrillation after cardiac operations is a source of morbidity and resource consumption. Various factors common to cardiac operations have been cited as causal. Comparison of the incidences of atrial fibrillation after conventional cardiac operations and minimally invasive cardiac operations may provide some insight into the mechanisms of this complication. Methods: All patients undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting from January 26, 1996, through September 17, 1997, were evaluated for the occurrence of in-hospital postoperative atrial fibrillation. Data from these 55 patients were compared with data from a control cohort of patients undergoing conventional, solitary coronary artery bypass grafting. Each patient undergoing minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting was matched by age (± 3 years) and date of operation (± 7 days) with a patient undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: During the period since the advent of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution, the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation has been slightly lower among the patients undergoing this form of coronary artery bypass grafting (26%) than among the total population of patients undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting (34%). Comparison of the age-matched groups, however, showed the incidence to be slightly but not significantly greater in the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting cohort (13/55, 24%) than in the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting cohort (11/55, 20%; P = .6). The minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting group was less likely to be discharged with antiarrhythmic therapy than was the conventional coronary artery bypass grafting group (6 versus 10; P = .006). Conclusions: According to these data, mechanisms traditionally implicated in atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, such as the use of cardiopulmonary bypass, mechanical manipulation of the atrium, and atrial ischemia, are not causal but may be related to the duration of the arrhythmic complication. Strategies directed toward management and reduction of the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation should be focused accordingly. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;117:298-301)
An analytic study of impact ejecta trajectories in the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and earth

Calculations have been made to determine the effects of atmospheric drag and gravity on impact ejecta trajectories on Venus, Mars, and earth. The equations of motion were numerically integrated for a broad range of body sizes, initial velocities, and initial elevation angles. A dimensionless parameter was found from approximate analytic solutions which correlated the ejecta range, final impact angle, and final impact velocity for all three planets.
Ending a Nightmare, Beginning a Dream: Reflections on the Outcomes of the Election

This short piece provides a biographical insight into both the author’s high expectations for (now President) Barack Obama and the fears, if not disappointments early into his Administration. The author explains why he was biographically attracted to Obama’s persona and wonders how his deceased parents and grandmother would have voted.
Thermoregulatory control after upper extremity replantation.

Four patients with complete forearm amputations between the wrist and elbow were analyzed prospectively to determine the interrelationships of thermoregulation to pain, cold intolerance, arterial integrity, venous competence, motor nerve recovery, sensory nerve recovery, and time. Patients were examined at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after replantation. Vasomotor regulatory capacity was assessed by isolated cold-stress testing. Pain had diminished in all patients by 6 months to 1 year, regardless of other factors. Cold tolerance and normal thermoregulatory response, as indicated by cold-stress test performances, were temporally related to attainment of two-point sensory discrimination ( p p
Surface corrugation effects: molecular ethane adsorption dynamics on rigid adsorbate-covered surfaces of Pt(111)

Abstract Angular distributions of ethane molecules scattered from sulfur- and ethylidyne-covered Pt(111), and clean Pt(111) were measured at surface temperatures of 135 and 210 K. Direct-inelastic scattering from the adsorbate-covered surfaces displays dramatic, broad back-scattering of ethane, while the clean surface produces maximum scattering intensity near the specular angle. Stochastic trajectory simulations for ethane on Pt(111)S employing a potential developed from the trapping of ethane on Pt(111) gives a quantitative account of the broad angular distributions and the measured initial trapping probabilities at all energies and polar angles of incidence studied. The simulations clearly suggest facile interconversion of the incident parallel and perpendicular momenta of ethane upon the first collision with Pt(111)S, which enhances trapping relative to clean Pt(111) at normal incidence, but increases scattering at more glancing angles. The simulations indicate the trapping probabilities for ethane on Pt(111)S are determined to within 20% by the fate of the first bounce. Analysis of a large number of trajectories illustrates that at all angles of incidence, ethane is steered by the corrugation of the surface toward the bare platinum regions, producing both the broad angular distributions of the scattered species and the weak dependence of the trapping probability on the angle of incidence.
Phytochrome-mediated Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Its Influence by Plant Hormones

Lycopenc biosynthesis of parenchyma chromoplasts was studied in detached tomato fruits, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill, cv. Waltham Forcing, and found to be phytochrome mediated. A few minutes of red light during the day enhanced lycopene formation. Far-red irradiation did not enhance lyco-pene biosynthesis. Far-red following red nullified the promotive effect of red light. Lycopene content increased two-fold in the presence of abscisic acid. Ripening of tomatoes was inhibited when gibberellin, kinetin and ascorbic acid were applied to green tomatoes. Gibberellin (A3) was more inhibitory to lycopene synthesis than kinetin.
Contingent claims on assets with conversion costs

Abstract Contingent claim contracts on certain natural resources may involve underlying assets which exist in either developed (S) or undeveloped (S−c) states. While the positive prices of the developed asset may be modelled by the standard geometric Brownian motion over the specified term of the contract, the lower priced undeveloped asset may become negative due to a conversion cost (c) given in the contracts. In particular pricing such contracts involves natural arbitrage opportunities on undeveloped assets in the event that developed prices drop below c and then rise before expiry T. Thus we consider the effect on contract price of requiring contract settlement (with possible rebates) at time τ c = inf {t⩽T : S(t)=c} . In particular, we obtain the final-value pricing equation (with knock-out boundary) ∂π ∂t +rs ∂π ∂s + 1 2 σ 2 s 2 ∂ 2 π ∂s 2 −rπ=rc ∂π ∂s , where r is the risk-free interest rate, σ the volatility in developed asset. Mathematically, the success of this approach is based on martingale localization of the classic theory of Harrision–Pliska (Stochastic Process Appl. 11 (1981) 215) to provide a simple and precise meaning of (localized) arbitrage-free pricing in this context.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM INJECTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE UPON THE GUINEA-PIG ENDOMETRIUM

It has been reported by several investigators that the administration of male sex hormone prevents the occurrence of normal menstrual bleeding in both monkeys (1, 2) and women (3). It has also been observed that in monkeys this treatment inhibits the bleeding which regularly follows castration or estrin withdrawal in the castrate (2). Moreover, testosterone propionate has been used with some success in the treatment of functional uterine bleeding (4, 5, 6). The mechanism concerned in the production of these results is not clear. In the hope of obtaining some clue which might lead to an understanding of the factors involved, an investigation of endometrial changes which result from the administration of testosterone was undertaken. The first step in this investigation was a study of the effect of long-term injections of testosterone upon the guinea-pig endometrium as compared with the effect of similar treatment with a low dosage of estrin.
Flow cytometry in the post fluorescence era.

While flow cytometry once enabled researchers to examine 10–-15 cell surface parameters, new mass flow cytometry technology enables interrogation of up to 45 parameters on a single cell. This new technology has increased understanding of cell expression and how cells differentiate during hematopoiesis. Using this information, knowledge of leukemia cell biology has also increased. Other new technologies, such as SPADE analysis and single cell network profiling (SCNP), are enabling researchers to put different cancers into more biologically similar categories and have the potential to enable more personalized medicine.
An energy ‘sources’ and ‘fractions’ approach to the mechanical energy expenditure problem—V. The mechanical energy expenditure reduction during motion of the multi-link system

Abstract Mechanical energy economy during motion of the multi-link system is analyzed on the basis of the theory developed in the previous publications (parts I–IV of this series, J. Biomechanics 19, 287–309). The compensation coefficients for the F- and M-sources and also the absolute compensation coefficient reflecting the mechanical energy economy due to four possible reasources are introduced. These resources are the antiphase fluctuations of 1. (I) each link's total energy fractions involving energy transformations between 1.1. (1) rotational and translational fractions by F-sources, 1.2. (2) kinetic and potential fractions by mg-source; 2. (II) the link's total energies involving energy transfers between 2.1. (3) links by F-sources, 2.2. (4) links by M-sources. The conditions of mechanical energy economy, particularly due to M-sources, are analyzed.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide-camptothecin conjugates inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells

Abstract The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide–camptothecin (VIP–CPT) conjugates were investigated on breast cancer cells and cells transfected with VIP receptors (R). (Ala2,8,9,19,24.25.27, Nle17, Lys28)VIP, (A-NL-K)VIP, was synthesized and Lys28 was coupled to a linker, N-methyl-amino-ethyl-glycine, L2, which formed a carbamate bond with CPT. The resulting (A-NL-K)VIP-L2-CPT was cytotoxic for MCF7 breast cancer cells, which have VPAC1-R, with IC50 values of 380 and 90 nM using the MTT and clonogenic assays, respectively. (A-NL-K)VIP, (A-NL-K)VIP-L2 and (A-NL-K)VIP-L2-CPT inhibited specific binding of 125I-VIP to 3T3 cells transfected with VPAC1-R with IC50 values of 1.9, 56 and 126 nM, respectively. In contrast, (A-NL-K)VIP, (A-NL-K)VIP-L2 and (A-NL-K)VIP-L2-CPT inhibited specific binding of 125I-Ro25-1553 to 3T3 cells transfected with VPAC2-R with IC50 values of 3.9, 3162 and 2690 nM, respectively. (A-NL-K)VIP, (A-NL-K)VIP-L2 and (A-NL-K)VIP-L2-CPT caused increased cAMP after addition to MCF7 cells. 125I-(A-NL-K)VIP-L2-CPT was internalized by MCF7 cells at 37 °C but not 4 °C. These results indicate that (A-NL-K)VIP-L2-CPT is a VPAC1-R agonist which is cytotoxic for breast cancer cells.
Building Community and Reconstructing Citizenship in the Youth and Culture Houses of Post-War France

This article explores the historical significance of Youth and Culture Houses in the cultural reconstruction of post-war France in the wake of war and occupation. Integrating the young into the cultural life of the nation was a project designed to unify the French polity after the divisive years of the late Third Republic and Vichy. The Youth and Culture Houses, a private initiative with government support, emphasized the cultural development of the young within an inclusive, pluralist, secular, and democratic environment premised on the notion that by fashioning the young culturally, the youth of France would participate more fully and more effectively in the national community as adult citizens. However, another element of the Youth and Culture Houses, and the popular education movement more generally, was to homogenize the national community, to produce a standard of cultural normality that would create a common bond of Frenchness.
Sex differences in seizure types and symptoms

Background Despite the increasing interest in sex differences in disease manifestations and responses to treatment, very few data are available on sex differences in seizure types and semiology. The Epilepsy Phenome/Genome Project (EPGP) is a large-scale, multi-institutional, collaborative study that aims to create a comprehensive repository of detailed clinical information and DNA samples from a large cohort of people with epilepsy. We used this well-characterized cohort to explore differences in seizure types as well as focal seizure symptoms between males and females.
A reassessment of the phytotoxin, rhynchosporoside: Attachment of the aglycon

Abstract The aglycon of rhynchosporoside has been established as 1,2-propanediol, and its site of attachment has been reassigned from O-2 to O-1 of the aglycon. Syntheses of the corresponding cellobiosides, previously suggested to be the phytotoxic compounds, are reported.
Modeling probability of additional cases of natalizumab-associated JCV sero-negative progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

JCV serologic status is used to determine PML risk in natalizumab-treated patients. Given two cases of natalizumab-associated PML in JCV sero-negative patients and two publications that question the false negative rate of the JCV serologic test, clinicians may question whether our understanding of PML risk is adequate. Given that there is no gold standard for diagnosing previous JCV exposure, the test characteristics of the JCV serologic test are unknowable. We propose a model of PML risk in JCV sero-negative natalizumab patients. Using the numbers of JCV sero-positive and -negative patients from a study of PML risk by JCV serologic status (sero-positive: 13,950 and sero-negative: 11,414), we apply a range of sensitivities and specificities in order calculate the number of JCV-exposed but JCV sero-negative patients (false negatives). We then apply a range of rates of developing PML in sero-negative patients to calculate the expected number of PML cases. By using the binomial function, we calculate the pro...
Training the forgetting of negative words: The role of direct suppression and the relation to stress reactivity

Recent research has demonstrated that people can be trained to forget negative material. This experiment assessed the possible benefit of direct suppression in addition to the benefit of thought substitutes (indirect suppression) on subsequent attempts to recall words. We also investigated the association between recall following suppression training and subsequent responses to an acute laboratory stressor. After learning cue-target word pairs, participants completed a training phase in which they practiced suppressing targets and recalling substitutes or simply recalling substitutes with no instruction to suppress. Our results show similar effects of suppression condition on forgetting. Importantly, however, the absence of direct suppression predicted mood change in response to a subsequently presented laboratory stressor. These results suggest that direct suppression is not necessary for forgetting to occur, but it seems to protect against negative emotional consequences of interference-induced forgetting. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship Between Competition and Business Segment Reporting Decisions Under the Management Approach of IAS 14 Revised

Abstract This research addresses the relationship between industry competition and managers’ choice regarding whether to separately disclose a business segment following the adoption of International Accounting Standard 14 Revised (IAS 14R) and the management approach to segment determination. Logistic regression reveals a significant negative relationship between disclosure and company returns in excess of the industry average. Prior research indicated a significant relationship between disclosure and abnormal returns under the industry approach to segmentation. Our results provide evidence that this flexibility persists as managers maintain their ability to aggregate segments to protect excess returns under IAS 14R and the management approach. Our findings are timely as the IASB plans to modify its segment reporting requirements as part of the Board's convergence agenda and as thousands of companies worldwide, effective from 2005 onward, are now preparing financial statements using IFRS.
Foodborne Listeriosis Acquired in Hospitals

Listeriosis is characterized by bacteremia or meningitis. We searched for listeriosis case series and outbreak investigations published in English by 2013, and assessed the strength of evidence for foodborne acquisition among patients who ate hospital food. We identified 30 reports from 13 countries. Among the case series, the median proportion of cases considered to be hospital-acquired was 25% (range, 9%-67%). The median number of outbreak-related illnesses considered to be hospital-acquired was 4.0 (range, 2-16). All patients were immunosuppressed in 18 of 24 (75%) reports with available data. Eight outbreak reports with strong evidence for foodborne acquisition in a hospital implicated sandwiches (3 reports), butter, precut celery, Camembert cheese, sausage, and tuna salad (1 report each). Foodborne acquisition of listeriosis among hospitalized patients is well documented internationally. The number of listeriosis cases could be reduced substantially by establishing hospital policies for safe food preparation for immunocompromised patients and by not serving them higher-risk foods.
Aluminum-Metal Reactive Composites

Three binary Al-based reactive composite powders are prepared by mechanical milling. The particles have an aluminum matrix and inclusions of Fe, Ni, or Zn comprising 10 at % of the bulk composition. For additives of Ni and Zn, only short milling times can be used to prepare composites; intermetallic phases form at longer milling. Short milling times yield relatively coarse particles with flake-like shapes. Prepared powders are characterized using electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Oxidation and ignition of the materials are studied using thermal analysis and heated-filament ignition, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis shows selective oxidation of Zn and Ni at low temperatures, prior to a characteristic first step of Al oxidation. At higher temperatures, the powders oxidize following, qualitatively, the stepwise process reported earlier for the pure Al powders. The magnitude and kinetics of the low-temperature aluminum oxidation steps are substantially affected by the presence of the metal in...
Current approaches in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

The management of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a long-standing challenge and area of interest. Advances in knowledge of the pathogenesis of disease and an increase in disease burden have prompted investigation into innovative therapeutics over the last two decades. This article reviews the various treatments of AD including those targeted towards cholinergic deficiency, oxidative stress, the amyloid cascade, inflammation, and excitotoxicity. Second generation cholinesterase inhibitors remain the preferred therapy for early and intermediate AD while the glutamate antagonist, memantine, is also approved for advanced stages of disease. Antioxidants may delay disease progression, while data on other experimental therapies remain equivocal at best. Gene therapy directed at neurotropins is currently under investigation with some intriguing preliminary results; however, the number of patients examined is too few to be conclusive. Drugs directly targeting amyloid-β, particularly the amyloid-β vaccine, continue to be investigated and their forthcoming results are eagerly anticipated.
Reference refreshing cyclic analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters

A method of cyclic analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion using switched-capacitor techniques is described. By periodically modifying the reference voltage to compensate for the nonideal signal-transfer-loop gain, it is possible in principle to build A/D and D/A converters whose linearity is independent of component ratios and that occupy only a small die area. These converters require two moderate-gain MOS operational amplifiers, one comparator, and a few capacitors. A test chip for A/D conversion was built and evaluated. The test data show that the A/D performs as a monotonic 13-bit converter with maximum 1-LSB differential and 2-LSB integral nonlinearity.
Migrants' Social Ties in the U.S. and Investment in Mexico

Using a sample of 1,112 heads of household from the Mexican Migration Project (MMP), I develop a multinomial logit regression to test the hypothesis that migrants with social ties to other migrants in their place of settlement will have a greater risk of investing their remittances and savings on a productive activity or a home than of spending them on consumption. I find that migrants who live with family members or townspeople during their last migration trip have a higher risk of investing their savings on a productive activity or a home relative to spending them on consumption. Migrants who belong to a social club with other migrants have a higher risk of investing their remittances on production or housing than of using them for consumption.
Effect of Storage on Peeling Quality and Flavor of Hard-Cooked Shell Eggs

Abstract Freshly laid eggs were stored at 1.1°C. for 48 hours and then hard cooked. The eggs were evaluated for peeling quality and flavor at 0, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days of storage at 1.1°C. Peeling quality was evaluated on a one to five scale, and flavor on a one to ten hedonic scale. Although a slight improvement in peeling scores was observed in the stored, cooked eggs, none would be considered easy to peel. Flavor was found to deteriorate rapidly in the stored cooked eggs. Taste panel scores were considerably lower after seven days storage, and serious off-flavors were noted by all panel members after 21 days storage.
The Therapeutic Potential of Hydrogen Sulfide: Separating Hype from Hope

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has become the hot new signaling molecule that seemingly affects all organ systems and biological processes in which it has been investigated. It has also been shown to have ...
Effect of Nuclear Actin on Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression

Background— Previously, we showed that the 27nt repeat polymorphism in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) intron 4 was associated with altered eNOS mRNA and protein levels, nitric oxide (NO) production and vascular disease risk; the 27-nt repeats had a cis -acting role in eNOS promoter function. In the present study, we investigated nuclear protein that binds the 27nt repeat and mediates eNOS expression. Methods and Results— Using 5′-biotin-labeled 27nt DNA duplex and streptavidin–agarose beads pull-down assay and mass spectrometry, we identified that nuclear β-actin was one of the major 27nt binding proteins. Using the pGL3 reporter vectors containing the 5×27nt repeats as an enhancer in an in vitro transcription assay, we found that exogenous β-actin significantly increased reporter gene transcription efficiency. The β-actin’s upregulating effect was compromised when exogenous 27nt RNA duplex was added. Furthermore, the eNOS expression was reduced when β-actin gene was silenced by specific siRNA, and actin overexpression upregulated eNOS expression >3-fold. Conclusion— Our data demonstrate that β-actin as a transcription factor stimulates eNOS expression; and the transcriptional effect appears to be 27nt-dependent. Our findings represent a novel molecular mechanism regulating eNOS expression, which could potentially lead to discoveries of eNOS specific pharmaceutical agents, eg, active peptides, with clinical applications.