cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chemical and Cultural Control of the Sunflower Moth In Texas

Tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of 14 insecticides for control of Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst). Tests at McGregor, Tex., showed that VCS 506 ( O -(4-bromo-2,5-dichlorophenyl) O -methyl phenylphos. phonothioate), endosulfan, diazinon, GS-13005 ( O, O- dimethyl phosphorodithioate S -ester with 4-(mercapto-methyl)-2-methoxy-∆2-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-5-one), methyl parathion, and naled reduced the larval infestation following 2 and 3 spray applications, Plots treated twice with endosulfan, diazinon. GS-13005, and methyl parathion had significantly increased yields. Following 3 applications, all treated plots yielded significantly more seed per acre than the untreated plots. Test at College Station, Tex., showed that 2 conventional low volume applications of Azodrin® (3-hydroxy- N -methyl- cis- crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), carbaryl, malathion, azinphosmethyl, mevinphos, Dursban ( O, O -diethyl O -3.5,6 trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), toxaphene, and parathion reduced the number of larvae and increased yields. Larval reductions and increased yields were also obtained after 2 ultra low volume applications of methyl parathion, azinphosmethyl. and malathion. Dates of planting studies showed that sunflower moth larvae infestations were lowest in plots planted April 15 or later. Low insect levels did not always result in high seed yields, in most cases because of inadequate moisture Oviposition studies indicated that the greatest sunflower moth oviposition occurred on the 3rd day after sunflower heads opened. Also, approximately 75,0% of sunflower moth oviposition was completed by the end of the 6th day after the heads opened.
Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphisms and diet-gene interactions.

Apolipoprotein A-IV is a 46 kDa glycoprotein that is synthesized by intestinal enterocytes and is incorporated into the surface of nascent chylomicrons. Considerable evidence suggests that apolipoprotein A-IV plays a rolein intestinal lipid absorption and chylomicron assembly. We have proposed that polymorphisms that alter the interfacial behavior of apolipoprotein A-IV may modulate the physical properties and metabolic fate of plasma chylomicrons. Of the reported genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein A-IV, two, Q360H and T347S, are known to occur at high frequencies among the world populations. Biophysical studies have established that the Q360H isoprotein displays higher lipid affinity; conversely the T347S isoprotein is predicted to be less lipid avid. Recent studies have shown that the Q360H polymorphism is associated with increased postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, a reduced low-density lipoprotein response to dietary cholesterol in the setting of a moderate fat intake, an increased high-density lipoprotein response to changes in total dietary fat content, and lower body mass and adiposity; the T347S polymorphism appears to confer the opposite effects. Studies on the diet-gene interactions of other apolipoprotein A-IV alleles are needed, as are studies on the interactions between apolipoprotein A-IV alleles and other apolipoprotein polymorphisms.
Differences in Host Utilization by Populations of North American Grape Phylloxera (Homoptera: Phylloxeridae)

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) collected in New York from Vitis riparia (Michaux) showed lower levels of attachment to ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ in root bioassays than did phylloxera collected in California from Vitis vinifera (L.). Differences found using root bioassays were confirmed by an experiment using potted plants. After rearing phylloxera from New York in the laboratory for several generations on roots of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, no differences in attachment levels between the California and field-collected New York populations were found. However, California and New York populations differed in development and fecundity on ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, even after being reared for several generations on ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Our tests showed differences in attachment levels on ‘AxR#1’ between phylloxera collected from two different grape species in New York ( V. riparia, V. labruscana Bailey ‘Concord’) and phylloxera from V. vinifera in California. We observed an egg-producing phylloxera from V. riparia on ‘5C Teleki’. Comparisons made between phylloxera populations collected from a single Vitis species within a relatively small area in New York showed significant differences in attachment to ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. Our findings suggest the need to evaluate rootstocks against highly variable native populations of phylloxera. Collections made throughout the summer indicated that large seasonal differences did not occur in the propensity of leaf form phylloxera to attach to the root pieces. The sensitivity of bioassays to laboratory conditions requires that comparisons between populations be made using simultaneous bioassays.
Follow the Breadcrumb Trail

Porto Alegre was already a big city when I was born in 1961. Some time before my parents’ wedding, my grandmother Morena (nee Adelina) had her house remodeled into an upstairs–downstairs duplex, and the upper floor was designed for the newlyweds. She also had the entire backyard paved with a mosaic of uneven pieces of tricolored ceramic tiles. According to my mother Isolde, grandma was tired of the “dirt” that was dragged into the house under everybody’s shoes. A few planters were left along the walls to house Sansevieria, Asparagus, and a Rhapis clump. Introduced European house sparrows roosted on a tall Dracaena that was fragrant at night when in bloom. Grandma also had a few large concrete planters cast to resemble tree trunks where Anthurium plants grew. From our house, the distant noise of a sawmill could be heard all day, and there was also the hustle and bustle of a Volkswagen car dealership located across the street. How could a biologist emerge from such an urban place?
Relationship between carotid arterial stenosis degree and cerebral infarction in old aged diabetic patients

objective It is to discuss the character of external carotid artery stenosis in old aged diabetic patients with cerebral infarction.Methods The lumen diameter,intimacy-media thickness(IMT),plaque and artery stenosis severity of external carotid artery in cerebral infarction group and control group were observed with HP-5500 color Doppler ultrasound.Results The frequency of carotid arterial stenosis in cerebral infarction group was obviously higher than that in control group(P0.001).In most cerebral infarction patients,the stenosis was seen at the start part and the intumescence part of carotid artery(P0.01). The occurrence rate of carotid arterial stenosis in infarct side was higher than that in non-infarct side(P0.001).Conclusion Cerebral infarction in old aged diabetic patients is closely associated with carotid arterial stenosis.Its proportion is direct with the carotid artery IMT.There was significant positive correlation between infarction part and the same side of carotid arterial stenosis.In most cerebral infarction patients,the stenosis was seen at the start part and intumescence part of internal carotid artery.
Robust speech recognition using multivariate copula models

In this paper, we continue our investigation into copula models for real-valued multivariate features with the goal of compensating for the mismatch in the training and the testing conditions. Previously, we reported results on UCI classification tasks where our method consistently outperformed other competing classifiers [1]. Here, we extend this work from classification to recognition and elaborate further on the mathematical properties of our models in the form of lemmas. We report results on the Aurora 4 automatic speech recognition (ASR) task which contains utterances with wide range of background noise that are not well represented in the training data. Our results show that the proposed copula-based models improve the accuracy by about 7% (11.6 vs 12.4) over a comparable baseline.
Investigations at the ‘Four-Front’ of Mammalian Development

Understanding how and when cells become different during embryogenesis is a goal that is at the forefront of investigations in mammalian development. Two recent studies from the laboratories of Nicholas Plachta and Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz present evidence that cellular heterogeneities detected in four-cell mouse embryos bias the process of cell fate acquisition thereafter.
Stimulus-Control Procedures

The term stimulus control refers to “any difference in responding in the presence of different stimuli” (Catania, 1992, p. 372). Virtually all of the behavior in our everyday lives involves stimulus control. When a driver approaches a red light, he puts his foot on the brake pedal. When approaching a green light, he keeps his foot on the gas pedal. The driver’s responses are thus under the stimulus control of the light’s color. Analyzing existing stimulus control and analyzing the development and stability of stimulus-control relations are central to the understanding of normal and abnormal human behavior. Moreover, much of experimental psychology involves the study of stimulus control. Issues addressed under the rubrics of learning, concept formation, memory, and sensory processes usually involve differences in responding in the presence of different stimuli, and thus involve issues of stimulus control. In addition, stimulus-control procedures are used to generate behavioral baselines for the study of the effects of drugs or other physiological manipulations. As such, stimulus-control procedures are discussed throughout this volume.
Principles of Continuous Flow Cell Separation in a Circumferential Flow Disposable Channel

Continuous flow centrifugation (CFC) is used to centrifuge large volumes of blood and concentrate cellular or acellular subfractions for extraction. The efficient separation of most blood components requires a system that permits removal of selected elements while returning most of the remaining fractions to the donor/patient. When used in the biological sciences, these systems must be closed and sterile. In 1965, Freireich et al. reported the first use of a closed, sterile, continuous flow centrifuge in man to perform leukocyte extraction. Application growth is based on the fact that these systems allow access to a donor/patient’s entire blood volume for processing and manipulation. A nonexhaustive list of CFC applications is contained in Table 1.
End-organ radiographic manifestations of cranial neuropathies: A concise review.

Abstract Background Cranial neuropathies are a spectrum of disorders associated with dysfunction of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves and the subsequent anatomic structures they innervate. Objective The purpose of this article is to review radiographic imaging findings of end-organ aberrations secondary to cranial neuropathies. Method All articles related to cranial neuropathies were retrieved through the PubMed MEDLINE NCBI database from January 1, 1991 to August 31, 2014. These manuscripts were analyzed for their relation to cranial nerve end-organ disease pathogenesis and radiographic imaging. Results The present review reveals detectable end-organ changes on CT and/or MRI for the following cranial nerves: olfactory nerve, optic nerve, oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, trigeminal nerve, abducens nerve, facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, and hypoglossal nerve. Conclusion Radiographic imaging can assist in the detailed evaluation of end-organ involvement, often revealing a corresponding cranial nerve injury with high sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. A thorough understanding of the distal manifestations of cranial nerve disease can optimize early pathologic detection as well as dictate further clinical management.
Building Structured Databases of Factual Knowledge from Massive Text Corpora

In today's computerized and information-based society, people are inundated with vast amounts of text data, ranging from news articles, social media post, scientific publications, to a wide range of textual information from various domains (corporate reports, advertisements, legal acts, medical reports). To turn such massive unstructured text data into structured, actionable knowledge, one of the grand challenges is to gain an understanding of the factual information (e.g., entities, attributes, relations) in the text. In this tutorial, we introduce data-driven methods on mining structured facts (i.e., entities and their relations/attributes for types of interest) from massive text corpora, to construct structured databases of factual knowledge (called StructDBs). State-of-the-art information extraction systems have strong reliance on large amounts of task/corpus-specific labeled data (usually created by domain experts). In practice, the scale and efficiency of such a manual annotation process are rather limited, especially when dealing with text corpora of various kinds (domains, languages, genres). We focus on methods that are minimally-supervised, domain-independent, and language-independent for timely StructDB construction across various application domains (news, social media, biomedical, business), and demonstrate on real datasets how these StructDBs aid in data exploration and knowledge discovery.
Diffusion-weighted imaging of the pericholecystic hepatic parenchyma for distinguishing acute and chronic cholecystitis.

The purpose of this study is to measure the performance of restricted diffusion of the pericholecystic hepatic parenchyma for distinguishing between acute and chronic cholecystitis. The institutional review board approved this HIPAA-compliant retrospective study. Two hundred sixty-six patients presenting with acute right upper quadrant pain between 10/3/2010 and 11/28/2012 undergoing MR within 48 h of equivocal utility of ultrasound (US) were included. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences (b = 0, 600 s/mm2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps) were reviewed and graded in a blinded fashion by two abdominal fellowship-trained radiologists for the presence of restricted diffusion in the pericholecystic hepatic parenchyma and the gallbladder wall. Sensitivity, specificity, and inter-observer agreement for individual imaging signs were calculated using surgical pathology as the reference standard for acute cholecystitis. Of the 266 patients, 113 were treated conservatively and 153 underwent cholecystectomy. Restricted diffusion of the pericholecystic hepatic parenchyma showed low sensitivity (reviewer 1, 40%; reviewer 2, 30%) and moderately high specificity (reviewer 1, 84%; reviewer 2, 75%) for distinguishing acute and chronic cholecystitis. Restricted diffusion in the gallbladder wall showed low sensitivity (reviewer 1, 30%; reviewer 2, 7%) and high specificity (reviewer 1, 93%; reviewer 2, 97%) for distinguishing acute and chronic cholecystitis. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the pericholecystic hepatic parenchyma shows moderately high specificity for distinguishing between acute and chronic cholecystitis.
The sales manager as a unit of analysis: a review and directions for future research

This article analyzes empirical research in which the sales manager is the unit of analysis to determine what knowledge has been generated by sales scholars about sales managers and sales managemen...
Shaftesbury on life as a work of art

This paper explicates Shaftesbury’s idea that we ought to live our lives as though they are works of art. I show that this idea is central to many of Shaftesbury’s most important claims, and that a...
New and Unique Aspects of University Campus Transportation Data to Improve Planning Methods

University campuses have unique characteristics that influence travel demand. They benefit from controlled planning frameworks, can influence almost all aspects of pricing and on-campus transportat...
Stability of power systems and other systems of second order differential equations

The local stability of second order vector differential equations with linear damping is examined by linearization. It is shown that without damping such systems are stable only if the eigenvalues of a certain matrix are real and non-positive. Sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of the damped system are developed. The results are applied to power systems with non-trivial transfer conductances. An important consequence is that unstable equilibrium solutions for the power system swing equations may exist even though the rotor angles are less than 90° out of phase, that is, even though |(L 6^ <Tr/2 for all rotor angle pairs 6^, 6j and all phases + n/2) in the transfer admittance matrix. It is also shown that there can be at most one equilibrium solution (up to a constant phase added to all rotor angles) of the swing equations with 16^ oj < Tr/2 for all 6 J 6 j J Of j •
The Millon Behavioral Health Inventory

Despite impressive advances in medical and surgical treatment, coronary heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States today, exacting a terrible toll in both lives and dollars. Coronary bypass surgery has emerged as a widely employed means not only for alleviating angina, but of prolonging life among those with coronary heart disease. The performance of over 100,000 such surgeries annually attests to its utilization and undoubted efficacy. Surgical intervention, however, is not the whole story for it does not take place independently of the person who is experiencing this life-extending treatment.
Behavioral Intervention for Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP/BPAP) Desensitization

This chapter presents behavioral methods for helping children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) tolerate positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bi-level positive airway pressure (BPAP) are types of mechanical respiratory assistance prescribed for individuals with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which can be more common in children with medical conditions and NDD. PAP requires a child to wear a facial mask that usually covers the nose and tolerate delivery of enough air pressure into the mask to inflate the airway in order to prevent or mitigate OSA. PAP can be used successfully in infants and children. When use is unsuccessful, the reason is most often poor behavioral tolerance resulting in nonadherence. Behavior therapy can be used to increase child tolerance of PAP therapy, and there is empirical support for the effectiveness of behavior therapy protocols with children with NDD. This chapter also includes a case example illustrating the behavioral components of PAP desensitization.
Outcomes of Patients with Transverse Myelitis Who Developed Venous Thromboembolism While Hospitalized (P02.104)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcomes and complications of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients hospitalized with transverse myelitis (TM). BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication encountered in hospitalized patients. Transverse myelitis routinely requires prolonged hospitalization for diagnostic investigations and treatment. These patients are at risk for developing VTE, however, the outcomes and VTE complications in patients with TM have not been reported. DESIGN/METHODS: We analyzed the data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS 2006-2010) for all patients possessing a diagnosis of TM with and without VTE complications such as DVT and PE. Patients were identified using the ICD 9 CM codes. Baseline characteristics, in hospital complications such as pneumonia and myocardial infarction, hospital charges, and discharge outcomes (mortality, minimal disability, and moderate to severe disability) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Of the 3760 patients admitted with transverse myelitis, 45 had DVT and PE (1.2%). Baseline characteristics analyzed were age, sex, race, and medical co-morbidities such as; hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, chronic lung disease, and tobacco dependence. The percentage of females was higher in the DVT and PE group (88% vs 59%) (p CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study which reports significantly higher mortality rates in patients with TM who develop DVT and PE while hospitalized within the United States. This data supports prompt initiation of VTE prophylaxis in patients hospitalized with TM. Disclosure: Dr. Maiser has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Roohani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adil has nothing to disclose.
Effects of UV-B Radiation on Human and Animal Health

In most effects of sunlight on the human body, UV-B radiation is the predominant component. Increased UV-B irradiance is, therefore, expected to have several consequences for human health. Experimental studies on animals and humans have shown that UV-B radiation may specifically suppress functions of the immune system. Increased UV-B irradiance might, therefore, have consequences on the incidence and severity of certain infectious diseases, for the effectiveness of vaccination programs and for the formation of cancers of the skin.
Framework for Authoring Repeatable Scenarios in Virtual Environments Populated with Stochastic Virtual Agents

Virtual Environments (VEs) are used extensively for training systems because of their ability to provide interactive experiences. Effective use of such environments requires the ability to generate consistent scenarios, which involve one or more realistic yet repeatable interactions between the trainee and the virtual humans in the training environment. This paper presents a framework that facilitates the development of rich interactive scenarios between one or more virtual humans and a trainee. The framework utilizes a scenario authoring system with runtime elements that ensure the trainee encounters realistic and stochastic, yet repeatable, well-orchestrated and precisely choreographed situations to meet specific training goals. Core elements of the framework include the use of probabilistic state machines for controlling the behavior of virtual elements along with triggers which ensure pre-determined outcomes even when utilizing stochastic behavioral models for the virtual humans.
When Interest Doesn’t Turn into Action: Discrimination, Group Identification, and Muslim Political Engagement in the Post-9/11 Era:

This article examines the effect of exposure to post-9/11 stigmatization on various types of Muslim political engagement, using a mixed-methods approach that combines propensity score matching anal...
Mobilizing civilians into high-risk forms of violent collective action:

We consider whether prior political activism increases the likelihood of engaging in higher-risk forms of violent collective action. We test our hypothesis in the context of the 2014 Euromaidan and...
Can abiotic stresses in plants be alleviated by manganese nanoparticles or compounds

Abiotic stress has become one of the most challenging problems for agriculture as the world population keeps increasing dramatically. Crop stress management using manganese (Mn) compounds has been recently employed to reduce the negative effects caused by drought, harsh temperature, and salinity. In response to abiotic stress, an adequate supply of Mn has shown to remediate plant manganese deficiency, induce Mn superoxide dismutase at the transcriptional level to face reactive oxygen species production, and stimulate manganese-dependent proteins to maintain cell integrity. Lately, nanoparticles (NPs) have been explored in agriculture applications. Recent studies have implied that Mn NPs may help plants to overcome abiotic stresses at higher efficiency and lower toxicity, compared to their bulk or ionic counterparts. Although studies have shown that Mn compounds promote crop growth and alleviate abiotic stress, many questions related to Mn-plant networking, their mode of signaling, and the Mn-dependent regulation processes need to be answered.
Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes: A randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled study

Several previous studies have demonstrated that aged garlic extract (AGE) inhibits the progression of coronary artery calcification and non-calcified plaque (NCP) in the general population. However, its effects on plaque progression in patients with diabetes have not yet been investigated, at least to the best of our knowledge. This study investigated whether AGE reduces the coronary plaque volume measured by cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). A total of 80 participants with DM with a median age of 57 years were prospectively assigned to consume 2,400 mg AGE/day (after completion, 37 participants) or placebo (after completion, 29 participants) orally. Both groups underwent CCTA at baseline and follow-up 365 days apart. In total, 66 participants completed the study. Coronary plaque volume, including total plaque (TP), dense calcium (DC), fibrous, fibro-fatty and low-attenuation plaque (LAP) volumes were measured based upon pre-defined intensity cut-off values using semi-automated software (QAngio CT). Changes in various plaque types were normalized to the total coronary artery length. The non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to examine the differences in plaque formation between the 2 groups. No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics between the AGE and placebo groups. Compared with the placebo group, the AGE group exhibited a statistically significant regression in normalized LAP [median and standard deviation (SD) -0.2 (18.8) vs. 2.5 (69.3), P=0.0415]. No differences were observed in TP, fibrous, or fibrofatty plaque volumes between the AGE and placebo group. On the whole, this study indicated that the %LAP change in the AGE group was significantly greater than that in the placebo group in patients with diabetes. However, further studies are warranted to evaluate whether AGE has the ability to stabilize vulnerable plaque and decrease adverse cardiovascular events.
The Goldilocks zone of animal development.

A new model suggests that energetic costs of development are minimized within narrow ranges of temperature. Temperatures below an optimum raise costs by extending development times more than metabolic rates are depressed, whereas temperatures above the optimum cause development rates to stall even as metabolic rates rise.
A Challenging Cesarean Delivery and Perioperative Course in a Former Polysubstance Abuser Without the Use of Traditional Opioids

Substance abuse is a major challenge in the United States. According to the Human Resources and Services Administration, we are in an opioid crisis with over 130 people a day dying from opioid-related drug overdoses. As awareness of this epidemic has grown, there has been an increase in patients coming in for surgery requesting a narcotic-free anesthetic. This presents both a challenge and an opportunity for the anesthesiologist who has a duty to respect the patient's autonomy while simultaneously achieving the appropriate perioperative outcome. The considerations are especially important in the vulnerable population of pregnant women.
Diversity and Inclusion in Talent Acquisition

Talent acquisition is a critical business process that utilizes cross-functional teams whose members may be unaware of the broad organizational value of diversity and inclusion. We explore key opportunities within the talent acquisition process and ways to prioritize diversity and inclusion at the point of candidate selection.
Deep Cortical Vessel Segmentation Driven By Data Augmentation With Neural Image Analogy

During a craniotomy, a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to reveal the brain for surgery. The cortical vessels located at the surface of the brain are considered strong features to guide surgeons during the procedure, since they appear in both preoperative and intraoperative images and are an indication of how the brain may have shifted. We propose a method utilizing a deep neural network to perform cortical vessel segmentation in craniotomy images captured through the surgical microscope. Following a U-Net architecture, our solution classifies each pixel of a craniotomy image as vessel, parenchyma, or surrounding tissue and background. We use neural image analogy to build a diverse training set of unique images mirroring cortical anatomy generated from a limited amount of manually labeled data. The synthesized images enhance generalization of our model to various types of cortical surface appearances and geometries. Experiments on real data from human patients show that intraoperative cortical vessel segmentation can be performed accurately.
Part & Whole Extraction: Towards A Deep Understanding of Quantitative Facts for Percentages in Text

We study the problem of quantitative facts extraction for text with percentages. For example, given the sentence "30 percent of Americans like watching football, while 20% prefer to watch NBA.", our goal is to obtain a deep understanding of the percentage numbers ("30 percent" and "20%") by extracting their quantitative facts: part ("like watching football" and "prefer to watch NBA") and whole ("Americans). These quantitative facts can empower new applications like automated infographic generation. We formulate part and whole extraction as a sequence tagging problem. Due to the large gap between part/whole and its corresponding percentage, we introduce skip mechanism in sequence modeling, and achieved improved performance on both our task and the CoNLL-2003 named entity recognition task. Experimental results demonstrate that learning to skip in sequence tagging is promising.
World Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey

Preface Introduction 1. ENGLAND 2. FRANCE 3. JAPAN 4. SOUTH AFRICA 5. RUSSIA 6. CHINA 7. ISLAMIC LAW Bibliography Subject Index Author Index
Self-expression: a deep self theory of moral responsibility

According to Dewey, we are responsible for our conduct because it is “ourselves objectified in action”. This idea lies at the heart of an increasingly influential deep self approach to moral responsibility. Existing formulations of deep self views have two major problems: They are often underspecified (for example, they rely heavily on metaphorical language), and they tend to understand the nature of the deep self in excessively rationalistic terms. Here I propose a new deep self theory of moral responsibility called the Self-Expression account that addresses these issues. The account is composed of two parts. The first part answers the question, What is a deep self? Theorists have tended to favor cognitive views that understand the deep self in terms of rationally formed evaluative judgment. I propose instead a conative view that says one’s deep self consists of a distinctive kind of pro-attitude, cares, and I provide an account of cares in terms of their distinctive psychological functional role. The second part answers the question, When does an action express one’s deep self? I criticize the agentially demanding conditions set out in existing views and propose a more minimalist alternative. I show that the Self-Expression account handles issues that bedeviled traditional deep self views, including how to explain moral responsibility for spontaneous, out of character, and weak-willed actions.
Sexual Maturation and Temporal Variation of Neural Responses in Adult Colorado Potato Beetles to Volatiles Emitted by Potato Plants

Neural responses of the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata to volatiles emitted by potato plants, Solanum tuberosum L were investigated. Amplitudes of electroantennograms to measured amounts of a standard odorant, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, increased from day of emergence through at least six to eight days of adulthood. Among 20 potato volatiles examined, several constitutive compounds, e.g., the green leaf volatiles (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, and systemic volatiles released primarily in response to insect feeding, e.g., (±)-linalool, nonanal, methyl salicylate, and indole, were the most effective stimuli. A statistic called linear age-skew (linear orthogonal polynomial) was used to examine differences in responses to potato volatiles between young and mature CPB. Based on plots of linear age-skew and overall neural responsiveness, 10 volatiles could be identified for which responses increased at a rate similar to or greater than the standard. The results are discussed with regard to the relationship of the CPB to its host plant and developmental studies of insect sensory responses to chemical signals.
Homogenization and the Polynominal Calculus

In standard implementations of the Grobner basis algorithm, the original polynomials are homogenized so that each term in a given polynomial has the same degree. In this paper, we study the effect of homogenization on the proof complexity of refutations of polynomials derived from Boolean formulas in both the Polynomial Calculus (PC) and Nullstellensatz systems. We show that the PC refutations of homogenized formulas give crucial information about the complexity of the original formulas. The minimum PC refutation degree of homogenized formulas is equal to the Nullstellensatz refutation degree of the original formulas, whereas the size of the homogenized PC refutation is equal to the size of the PC refutation for the originals. Using this relationship, we prove nearly linear (Ω(n/logn) vs. O(1)) separations between Nullstellensatz and PC degree, for a family of explicitly constructed contradictory 3CNF formulas. Previously, a Ω(n1/2) separation had been proved for equations that did not correspond to any CNF formulas, and a log n separation for equations derived from kCNF formulas.
Robust motion parameter estimation in multistatic passive radar

In this paper, we develop a new algorithm for motion parameter estimation of moving targets in a multistatic passive radar. Existing methods for motion parameter estimation rely on the estimated Doppler signatures of the observed signals corresponding to each transmitter. These techniques may fail for weak signals where the individual Doppler signature cannot be properly estimated. The focus of this paper is on motion parameter estimation from weak signals observed using multiple illuminators. Utilizing the sparsity of the motion parameters, the proposed technique obtains robust motion parameter estimates through the fusion of the data corresponding to all available illuminators, achieving signal enhancement and multistatic diversity. To reduce the computational cost, the acceleration and velocity parameters are decoupled and sequentially estimated.
Bath Aids and the Subsequent Development of Bathing Disability in Community‐Living Older Persons

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the availability of bath aids may forestall the subsequent development of bathing disability. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Greater New Haven, Connecticut. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred one nondisabled (required no personal assistance in bathing) community-living residents aged 73 and older. MEASUREMENTS: The availability of five bath aids (grab bars, bath seat, nonskid mat or abrasive strips, handheld shower spray, and long-handled brush or sponge) was ascertained during a comprehensive home-based assessment. Subsequently, participants were followed with monthly telephone interviews to determine the onset of persistent (i.e., present for at least 2 consecutive months) disability in bathing and were evaluated for disability in three bathing subtasks (bathing transfers, washing whole body, and drying whole body) during the next home-based assessment, which was completed 18 months after the initial assessment. RESULTS: The presence of a bath seat was associated with a greater likelihood of developing persistent disability in bathing and disability in each of the three bathing subtasks, although these associations were not statistically significant after adjustment for potential confounders. Nonsignificantly greater risk was also observed for grab bars, handheld shower spray, and long-handled brush or sponge. In the adjusted analysis, the presence of nonskid mats or abrasive strips was associated with a 23% lower risk (nonsignificant) of persistent bathing disability and a lower likelihood of developing disability in washing and drying one's whole body, with corresponding odds ratios of 0.28 (P=.003) and 0.38 (P=.030), respectively. CONCLUSION: In this longitudinal study, the presence of bath aids, with the exception of nonskid mats or abrasive strips, did not forestall the subsequent development of bathing disability. Because it may not be possible to fully account for the effects of self-selection, clinical trials may be necessary to demonstrate the potential value of bath aids in community-living older persons.
Racial differences in influenza vaccination among older americans 1996–2000: longitudinal analysis of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) survey

Background Influenza is a common and serious public health problem among the elderly. The influenza vaccine is safe and effective.
Vaccinia virus-encoded ribonucleotide reductase: sequence conservation of the gene for the small subunit and its amplification in hydroxyurea-resistant mutants.

Abstract The vaccinia virus gene that encodes the small subunit of ribonucleotide reductase was localized to the HindIII F fragment by using degenerate oligonucleotide probes. DNA sequencing revealed a leftward-reading open reading frame that predicted a protein of 37 kilodaltons whose amino acid sequence was much more homologous to the mouse and clam M2 sequences (approximately 80%) than to the corresponding herpesvirus (approximately 27%) or procaryotic (approximately 19%) gene products. Vaccinia virus mutants selected for the ability to grow in high concentrations of a specific inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, hydroxyurea, amplified the M2 gene and harbored tandem arrays (2 to 15 copies) of the gene within the HindIII F region. RNA isolated at early times after infection with wild-type virus and probed with an internal fragment of the M2 gene indicated one major (1.2 kilobases) and two minor (4.0 and 2.1 kilobases) transcripts. S1 nuclease analysis and primer extension experiments identified an RNA start site 12 nucleotides upstream of the putative initiation ATG codon.
The Abduction of the Chibok Girls

Boko Haram’s kidnap of over 200 girls from a school in Northern Nigeria drew the world’s attention to the disruption and violence that the extremist group has wrought over the region since the early 2000s. As Nigeria and its neighbouring countries continue to work towards containing the group militarily, this essay highlights the importance of ensuring that longer lasting solutions are not forgotten particularly those that could remedy economic problems which tend to create environments in which extremism can take root and grow.
Timely measles vaccination in Tianjin, China: a cross-sectional study of immunization records and mothers

Background: Measles is a highly infectious disease, and timely administration of two doses of vaccine can ensure adequate protection against measles for all ages in a population. This study aims to estimate the proportion of children aged 8 months to 6 years vaccinated on time with measles-containing vaccines (MCV) and vaccinated during the 2008 and 2010 measles supplementary immunization activities. This study also characterizes differences in mean age at vaccination and vaccination timeliness by demographic characteristics, and describes maternal knowledge of measles vaccination. Methods: Immunization records were selected from a convenience sample of immunization clinics in Tianjin, China. From the records, overall vaccination coverage and timely vaccination coverage were calculated for different demographic groups. Mothers were also interviewed at these clinics to ascertain their knowledge of measles vaccination. Results: Within the 329 immunization clinic records, child’s birth year and district of residence were found to be significant predictors of different measures of vaccine timeliness. Children born in 2009 had a lower age at MCV dose 2 administration (17.96 months) than children born in 2005 (22.00 months). Children living in Hebei, a district in the urban center of Tianjin were less likely to be vaccinated late than children living in districts further from the urban core of Tianjin. From the 31 interviews with mothers, most women believed that timely vaccination was very important and more than one dose was very necessary; most did not know whether their child needed another dose. Conclusions: When reviewing MCV coverage in China, most studies do not consider timeliness. However, this study shows that overall vaccination coverage can greatly overestimate vaccination coverage within certain segments of the population, such as young infants.
Plasma membrane lipid packing and leukocyte function-associated antigen-1-dependent aggregation of lymphocytes

A simple model system for study of adhesion mediated by leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is aggregation of lymphocytes stimulated in vitro. Although aggregation is blocked by monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1, not all lymphocytes expressing LFA-1 aggregate, indicating that LFA-1 is necessary but not sufficient for aggregation. To investigate whether the lipid bilayer plays a role in the functional activation of LFA-1, human peripheral blood lymphocytes and murine splenic lymphocytes were stimulated in culture, and measurements made of aggregation vs. packing of plasma membrane lipids. Progression of cells into aggregates was paralleled by a decrease in lipid packing of the population as a whole, as monitored by increased staining with the fluorescent probe merocyanine 540. Cells from aggregates stained more intensely than nonaggregated cells from the same population, indicating that aggregates are preferentially formed from cells in the population with the loosest packed membrane. In contrast, aggregated cells were found to express equivalent or even lower amounts of LFA-1 than nonaggregated cells. Looser lipid packing is therefore associated with the development of LFA-1-dependent aggregation, and might be involved in the functional activation of this cell adhesion molecule. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A study of a coasting easterly wave

An application of a multi-level primitive equation model is presented here. The model physics include air-sea interaction, shallow and deep moist convection and long-wave radiative effects. An example of a prediction for a nondeveloping easterly wave is presented in this paper. It is shown that it is possible to obtain a reasonable prediction of the motion and intensity of the wave up to periods of around 72 hours. The calculations are extended to examine a number of important relevant topics such as: (i) the maintenance and energetics of the cold core disturbance, (ii) the restoring mechanism on the large-scale conditional instability of the tropical atmosphere during and after disturbance passage, (iii) the effects of differential long-wave radiation on the prediction, (iv) statistical equilibrium of the area of parameterized cumulus scale motions as a function of the larger scale motions, and (v) the importance of a simple parameterization procedure for short range prediction. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1973.tb00641.x
The Self-Diffusion Coefficient of Uranium Hexafluoride

A method is reported for measuring the self-diffusion coefficient of a vapor by observing with a mass spectrometer the rate at which material enriched in one isotope diffuses into normal material in an apparatus of known geometry. A value of $\ensuremath{\rho}D$ (where $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is the density and $D$ the diffusion constant) was obtained for uranium hexafluoride at 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Knowledge of the viscosity together with the constants reported here allow calculation of the molecular force law.
Silicates in some Iron Meteorites

BERWERTH1 reported monoclinic pyroxene (diopside), orthopyroxene, glass, and a sodium–iron–aluminium silicate, weinbergerite, in the octahedrite iron, Kodaikanal. So far, however, all his observations have not been verified. In fact, diopside (or pigeonite) is considered to occur only in some achondrites, chondrites, and mesosiderites2. Glass of intermediate plagioclase composition (maskelynite) is found in several chondrites2; however, Marvin3 reported a relatively high-index glass (n= 1.60) in the iron, Carbo.
Visible light induced photodesorption of NO from the α-Cr2O3(0001) surface

Nitric oxide chemistry and photochemistry on the Cr-terminated surface of α-Cr2O3(0001) was examined using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), sticking coefficient measurements and photodesorption. NO adsorbed at 100 K binds at surface Cr cation sites forming a strongly bound surface species that thermally desorbs at 320-340 K, depending on coverage. No thermal decomposition was detected in TPD in agreement with previous results in the literature. Sticking probability measurements of NO at 100 K indicated near unity sticking for NO coverages up to ~1.3 ML, with additional adsorption with higher exposures at decreased sticking probability. These results suggest that each surface Cr cation site on the α-Cr2O3(0001) surface was capable of binding more than one NO molecule, although it is unclear whether this was as separate NO molecules or as dimers. Photodesorption of adsorbed NO was examined for surface coverages below the 1 ML point. Both visible and UV light were shown to photodesorb NO without detectable NO photodecomposition. Visible light photodesorption of NO occurred with a cross section of ~2x10-19 cm2, which was estimated to greater than that obtained with UV light. The visible light photodesorption event was not associated with bandgap excitation in α-Cr2O3(0001), but instead was linked to excitationmore » of a surface Cr3+-NO- charge transfer complex. These results illustrate that localized photoabsorption events at surface sites with unique optical properties (relative to the bulk) can result in unexpected surface photochemistry. This work was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.« less
Utilizing tenets of inoculation theory to develop and evaluate a preventive alcohol education intervention.

With the advent of the Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, a renewed interest in and concern for the health-risky practices of the school aged has emerged. Moreover, because the mortality rates for the 15 to 24 year age group continues to increase while the mortality rates for every other age group continues to decline, a school health education imperative has become prevention-based interventions. The experimental, prevention-based alcohol education program reported here describes one such intervention directed at 9th grade students. The program was grounded on the principles of Inoculation Theory and evaluated using a Solomon Four-Group Design. Results indicate that the formulation of preventive alcohol education programs utilizing Inoculation Theory in a school setting is both feasible and productive in achieving designated objectives. Longitudinal assessment of the subjects with regard to their alcohol-related behavior is continuing throughout their high school careers. Language: en
Sexuality, Public Policy, and the 104th Congress

Abstract In this commentary I discuss two federal legislative initiatives that exemplify the importance of sexuality in debates about public policy. I first describe an attempt by former Congressman Robert Dornan to force HIV-infected personnel from the armed service. Then, 1 discuss the so-called “Defense of Marriage” Act. Based on my experience as a Senior Congressional Fellow working in the U. S. Senate, I also discuss the importance of research findings in the development of sound public policy and how sexologists can become “players” in this process.