cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of Master’s Education A Concern for Counseling Psychology?

The authors offer an analysis of current challenges and opportunities regarding the long-standing issue about the quality and status of master’s education relevant to training and practice in counseling psychology. Highlighted are historical context, controversies regarding licensure and accreditation (e.g., the 2009 Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs standard that bans counseling psychology faculty as core), and data on counseling master’s programs in departments affiliated with American Psychological Association–accredited doctoral programs in counseling psychology. In an effort to constructively address issues of concern, the authors propose recommendations to differentiate and integrate master’s education with doctoral training by emphasizing the unique contributions of counseling psychology. Their recommendations build on the core values and synergistic potential of counseling psychology foundations both in counseling (e.g., in educational applications and servic...
Parallel protein folding with STAPL

The protein-folding problem is a study of how a protein dynamically folds to its so-called native state—an energetically stable, three-dimensional conformation. Understanding this process is of great practical importance since some devastating diseases such as Alzheimer's and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow) are associated with the misfolding of proteins. We have developed a new computational technique for studying protein folding that is based on probabilistic roadmap methods for motion planning. Our technique yields an approximate map of a protein's potential energy landscape that contains thousands of feasible folding pathways. We have validated our method against known experimental results. Other simulation techniques, such as molecular dynamics or Monte Carlo methods, require many orders of magnitude more time to produce a single, partial trajectory. In this paper we report on our experiences parallelizing our method using STAPL (Standard Template Adaptive Parallel Library) that is being developed in the Parasol Lab at Texas A&M. An efficient parallel version will enable us to study larger proteins with increased accuracy. We demonstrate how STAPL enables portable efficiency across multiple platforms, ranging from small Linux clusters to massively parallel machines such as IBM's BlueGene/L, without user code modification. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Piezoelectric materials for acoustic wave applications

Piezoelectric materials for acoustic wave applications have changed markedly over the past 20 years in terms of both the types of materials available and the quality of individual samples. The total family of acoustic wave materials now includes piezoelectric glass-ceramics having crystallographic and polar orientation and crystals having symmetry classes mm2, 32, 3m, 4mm, 6mm, and 4/spl macr/3m. The symmetry classes 6mm and 4/spl macr/3m also occur frequently in piezoelectric semiconductor materials that are now available in both bulk and thin-film configurations. In this paper, we bring together and extract the various reported values of the material constants mainly of interest for surface acoustic wave (SAW) device applications. We identify for the user community those sets of constants from which SAW design calculations can reliably be made, and discuss the constants and their reliability for langasite, lithium niobate/lithium tantalate, and dilithium tetraborate. The relevant material constants include: mass density /spl rho/, elastic stiffness c/sub ij/, piezoelectric stress e/sub ij/, dielectric permittivity /spl epsiv//sub ii/, and the thermal expansion coefficients /spl alpha//sub ii/. Except for the semiconductor materials, only data published after 1978 are included, since the reference literature (Landolt-Bornstein) amply covers those years prior to 1978. >
Incentive and informational properties of preference questions

Surveys are frequently used by businesses and governments to elicit information about the public’s preferences. They have become the most common way to gather preference information regarding goods, that are not (or are not yet) bought or sold in markets. In this paper we apply the standard neoclassical economic framework to generate predictions about how rational agents would answer such survey questions, which in turn implies how such survey data should be interpreted. In some situations, the standard economic model would be expected to have no predictive power. For situations where it does have predictive power, we compare different survey formats with respect to: (a) the information that the question itself reveals to the respondent, (b) the strategic incentives the respondent faces in answering the question, and (c) the information revealed by the respondent’s answer.
A Unifying Data Structure for Hierarchical Methods

We present a data structure for supporting the access patterns required by most scientific applications that employ hierarchical methods. The data structure, termed the Distribution Independent Adaptive Tree, efficiently supports both grid-based and particle-based methods. We present efficient algorithms for most access patterns encountered in such applications: particle insertion/deletion/splitting, grid cell insertion/deletion, nearest neighbor queries, spherical region queries and computing long-range interactions. Apart from being an efficient data structure for an individual hierarchical method, the data structure is useful in applications that involve simultaneous application of multiple methods.
Does The Market Go To 1

In periods of market turmoil, it can often be heard that the “market goes to 1,” usually implying that all investment choices are moving in the same direction (down). This paper looks to test whether or not this is actually the case. From firsthand experience, anyone who has an interest in the topic will undoubtedly say it feels like that is happening, so this paper looks to put some evidence behind what is thought. After relaxing many characteristics that would be present in a market going to 1, this paper employed two tests. The results of the tests indicate that it is possible, however unlikely, that the market actually goes to 1.
Prostate-Specific Antigen and Prostate Cancer Screening

Although the Food and Drug Administration recommends a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) threshold of 4 ng/dL as abnormal, investigations into the use of lower thresholds have shown substantial positive predictive value. The authors recommend that screening for prostate cancer begin at age 40 years. Initial PSA value should be assessed in respect to the median PSA level for the patient’s age group. If findings on digital rectal examination are suspicious for prostate cancer or the total PSA is greater than 2.5 ng/dL, a 12-core transrectal ultrasonography—guided biopsy should be strongly considered. Both patient and physician should maintain a PSA flow chart that records all PSA values, the date of measurement, and the PSA assay used. Patients with persistent elevated PSA levels may benefit from further evaluation using other PSA parameters to improve prostate cancer detection and assessment of aggressiveness before biopsy. Parameters described in this chapter include percent free PSA, age-specific PSA levels, complexed PSA levels, PSA density, PSA transition zone density, PSA velocity, PSA doubling time, pro-PSA, and human glandular kallikrein.
Definitions of Concepts and Principles

Two of Polynov’s contributions to landscape geochemistry were outlined briefly at the end of Chapter 2. This chapter is concerned with definitions of the seven concepts of the discipline of landscape geochemistry. In Part II, each concept is described in a separate chapter (Chapters 6–12.). At the end of Part II, relationships between the basics of the discipline and the four hierarchies that constitute the philosophy are treated in a series of four chapters (Chapters 13, 14, 15, and 16).
Experiments at the Soudan Mine: Operating and Proposed

We report on the initial operation of a 30 ton dense calorimeter and on the proposed construction of a 1000 ton calorimeter at the Soudan mine in northern Minnesota—both optimized for the detection of proton decay.
The Use of Iodine and of Certain Iodine Compounds in Experimental Tuberculosis

Iodine has been used in a variety of forms in the treatments for a number of diseases. In the present investigation I have attempted to study principally the possibility of injecting elemental iodine into the animal body and, if practical, to use it in the treatment for tuberculosis. Of course, it is known that elemental iodine does not remain as such in the animal body, but is changed for the most part into sodium iodide, while some unites with the proteins and lipoids of the blood. However, the speed with which this transformation takes place is not known, and if enough iodine can be injected, it might be expected that some will reach the tubercles in the free condition and there exert its disinfecting power, which 11 have shown to be great for the tubercle bacillus.
Swirl-Induced Mixing Enhancement in Turbulent Jet Flows

The paper reports the results of numerical investigations of swirling turbulent jet flows by large eddy simulation (LES). Inflow data are provided on the basis of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. In particular, instantaneous inflow data are produced by a forcing that generates correlated noise. In this way, the characteristic length and time scales of inflowing instantaneous turbulent eddies are in consistency with the corresponding RANS profiles imposed at the inlet. The performance of several subgrid-scale stress models is studied. The mechanism of swirl effects is investigated on this basis. It is shown that swirl breaks apart the typical ring structurs of non-swirling turbulent jets into two modes: a helical mode and streamwise braid structures. The interaction of these two modes generates less organized turbulence structures. Correspondingly, swirl may imply a significant increase of the efficiency of the turbulent mixing of scalars.
Dependence of the K x-ray energy upon the mode of excitation

The energy of the Ta $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x rays emitted after electron capture of $^{181}\mathrm{W}$ has been observed to be lower by 0.79\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06 eV compared to the fluorescent Ta $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x rays. Similarly, it was found that the Ta $K\ensuremath{\alpha}$ x rays emitted after internal conversion following $\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of $^{181}\mathrm{Hf}$ were higher by 0.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV in energy compared to the same fluorescent Ta x rays. The observed effects cannot be explained by the known mechanisms of chemical shift, hyperfine effects, isomer shifts, and shake-off effects alone. Similar observations of the $K$-x-ray energy shifts in the electron-capture decays of $^{153}\mathrm{Gd}$ and $^{175}\mathrm{Hf}$ with the corresponding fluorescent x rays in Eu and Lu, respectively, can be accounted for by the hyperfine effects, isotope shifts, and chemical shifts.
Development of spatial and temporal elements of rhythmic ability.

Development of space-time characteristics of children’s motor responses to auditory rhythmic stimuli was studied, Male and female Ss (N=20 each) were randomly selected from each of seven groupings representing ages 5 to 11 yr. Utilizing a rhythmic ability analysis system, Ss performed 16 consecutive motor responses in time with auditory rhythmic stimuli presented at .9-sec. intervals. ANOVA revealed a significant reduction of error in spatial and temporal accuracy with increasing age for boys and girls; no sex differences in performance were evidenced over all age groupings. Results are discussed in relation to underlying developmental mechanisms and implications.
Reopen the pipeline for I. V. therapy.

Learn why a vein or catheter may become occluded, how to head off trouble, and what to do if your patient has problems.
Development and application of GPS in the precision guided weapon system

This paper describes the newest development of GPS, significantly analyzes the applicable form and result of GPS in the precision guided weapon system, and compare the method of GPS guidance with other guidance method, puts forward the existing limitations of GPS guidance technology and developing tendency in the future.
The dementia of Parkinson's disease.

An understanding of the causes, nature, and course of intellectual impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is essential for the correct development of therapy. This article reviews the causes of the dementia of PD, its primary clinical and pathological features, and its course.
Tailoring optical fibers with application-specific physical properties for sensing systems

With a willingness to use less conventional materials, optical fibers with remarkable properties can be realized. These fibers can be tailored for application-specific performance with the potential to greatly enhance the sensing systems using them.
TAL1 Regulates Expression of the Band 3 Gene in Erythroid Progenitors through Both Upstream Regulatory and Proximal Promoter Elements.

The TAL1 (also known as SCL and TCL-5) protein is a class II basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that plays an important role during embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. We previously established that the Protein 4.2 ( P4.2 ) gene is a physiologic target of TAL1 in erythroid cells and showed that tandem E box-GATA elements in its proximal promoter mediated TAL1-directed gene activation. Through database searches, we identified two E box-GATA consensus sequences in the proximal promoter of another erythroid membrane skeleton gene, that encoding the Band 3 protein. Identical to what was observed for P4.2 , overexpression of wild-type TAL1 slightly increased while enforced expression of a DNA binding-defective TAL1 mutant severely reduced endogenous Band 3 gene expression in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells induced to differentiate with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Overexpression of Ldb1 significantly inhibited and a LIM protein interaction-defective Ldb1 mutant virtually ablated Band 3 mRNA accumulation in DMSO-induced MEL cells. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis with Tal1 antibody confirmed that Tal1 was associated with the proximal promoter of the Band 3 gene in MEL cells, while analysis of approximately 28 kb of genomic sequence spanning the Band 3 gene, including 5 kb 5′ and 3′ of the gene, revealed another consensus E box-GATA element in intron 16; however, no significant TAL1 binding was detected in this region by ChIP analysis. To identify potential non-conventional TAL1 binding site(s), scanning ChIP analysis was applied to the entire 28 kb Band 3 genomic region, and a region ~2.5 kb upstream of the major transcriptional start site was found to bind significantly more TAL1 protein than the proximal promoter. Fine mapping of TAL1 binding to this region by ChIP analysis using more highly sheared DNA and smaller sized amplicons narrowed TAL1 binding to a region of ~100 bp, which we designated as the Band 3 upstream regulatory region (B3URE). Luciferase reporter assays in transiently transfected MEL cells with vectors containing genomic sequence revealed the presence of an orientation- and position- independent repressor in this upstream region, with a 107 bp fragment retaining nearly all the repressing activity of a larger, 700 bp fragment. In contrast, coexpression of TAL1, E47, GATA-1, LMO2, and Ldb1 in COS cells led to transactivation of a reporter gene linked to the promoter-proximal E box-GATA element. These data suggest that TAL1 acts as a repressor on the upstream B3URE in undifferentiated cells and then, as differentiation proceeds, as an activator on the E box-GATA elements in the proximal promoter.
The Liability Problem for Autonomous Artificial Agents

This paper describes and frames a central ethical issue–the liability problem–facing the regulation of artificial computational agents, including artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic systems, as they become increasingly autonomous, and supersede current capabilities. While it frames the issue in legal terms of liability and culpability, these terms are deeply imbued and interconnected with their ethical and moral correlate–responsibility. In order for society to benefit from advances in AI technology, it will be necessary to develop regulatory policies which manage the risk and liability of deploying systems with increasingly autonomous capabilities. However, current approaches to liability have difficulties when it comes to dealing with autonomous artificial agents because their behavior may be unpredictable to those who create and deploy them, and they will not be proper legal or moral agents. This problem is the motivation for a research project that will explore the fundamental concepts of autonomy, agency and liability; clarify the different varieties of agency that artificial systems might realize, including causal, legal and moral; and the illuminate the relationships between these. The paper will frame the problem of liability in autonomous agents, sketch out its relation to fundamental concepts in human legal and moral agency–including autonomy, agency, causation, intention, responsibility and culpability–and their applicability or inapplicability to autonomous artificial agents.
Use of Knock-In Mice to Investigate the Molecular Mechanism of Cocaine Action

Many earlier studies were consistent with the dopamine hypothesis that cocaine-induced elevation of dopamine mediates the rewarding effects of cocaine. However, in addition to inhibiting the dopamine transporter (DAT), cocaine also inhibits the serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter and thus elevates all three monoamine neurotransmitters in extracellular space. Knockout mice were used to test the roles of each transporter in mediating cocaine effects. Surprisingly, mice with each of the three transporters individually knocked out still exhibit the rewarding effects of cocaine. However, complete knockout of each transporter causes profound adaptive changes in related neural pathways. To minimize adaptive changes, we generated a knock-in mouse line carrying a functional DAT mutant that is cocaine-insensitive (DAT-CI mice). Cocaine no longer produces stimulating or rewarding effects in DAT-CI mice, indicating that cocaine inhibition of DAT is required for the rewarding effects of cocaine in “normal” mice. Cocaine actually produces aversion and locomotor suppression in DAT-CI mice. The lost cocaine reward and stimulation can be restored by reexpressing the wild-type DAT using viral vectors injected in specific brain regions of fully developed DAT-CI mice.
Emerging biomarkers of chronic kidney disease in children

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a significant public health concern, as it is associated with substantial morbidity. Prior research has evaluated multiple novel CKD biomarkers to supplement serum creatinine and proteinuria. The ultimate goal of this research is to find biomarkers that can be used to accurately predict CKD progression and to better time outpatient follow-up, and referral for transplant. Also, an optimal panel of biomarkers can augment the predictive value of proteinuria and serum creatinine by enriching patient enrollment in clinical trials. In this review, we discuss salient findings on 12 candidate plasma and urine biomarkers and their reported association with CKD. We explore the common pathways of CKD progression and the pathophysiologic processes of tubulointerstitial injury, inflammation, repair, and fibrosis that are potentially classified by specific biomarkers. We describe both pediatric and adult findings and highlight the paucity of pediatric research in CKD progression. It will be important for cohorts with longitudinal follow-up to evaluate these CKD biomarkers for potential use in pediatric clinical trials and routine CKD management.
Tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy use among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States: Considerations for primary care

Pharmacotherapies for tobacco cessation are efficacious and recommended during quit attempts. Racial/ethnic minorities in the United States are less likely to use medication-based aids for tobacco cessation, despite greater difficulty achieving long-term abstinence. The reasons for this include, among others, provider- and patient-level considerations. Primary care clinicians play an important role in encouraging racial/ethnic minority tobacco users to use cessation pharmacotherapy. To better understand pharmacotherapy use, we conducted a narrative review of patient-level factors that may determine uptake and adherence. This review indicates that social and cultural factors impact pharmacotherapy use, including health care experiences, beliefs, perceptions, and norms. The proportion of individuals using pharmacotherapy during quit attempts and adhering to the full course of treatment may be enhanced with greater attention to the ethnocultural concerns of these groups. Culturally appropriate assessment and brief advice delivered by primary care providers could yield significant benefits in population health. Recommendations for treating racial/ethnic tobacco users with pharmacotherapy for cessation are offered.
“Risky” Leisure Research on Sex and Violence: Innovation, Impact, and Impediments

Controversial topics of sex and violence and their impacts on health and wellbeing have been virtually ignored in leisure scholarship. Leisure provides both risk and protective factors. Some leisur...
Identifying the Needs of American Indian Women Who Sought Shelter: A Practitioner-Researcher Partnership

American Indian women across all ages are significantly more likely than women of other ethnic groups to be victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. Despite their increased risk of interpersonal violence, there are few published studies or reports that explicitly examine the needs of victimized American Indian women. Therefore, both researchers and service providers know very little about the multifaceted needs of victimized American Indian women and whether current community services are meeting the needs of victimized native women. Identifying such needs is a logical next step so that victim service agencies can develop and effectively provide services tailored to victimized American Indian women. This commentary addresses these gaps by (1) identifying the needs of American Indian women in a domestic violence shelter in Arizona, and (2) highlighting the researcher-practitioner partnership that made it possible to gain access to these victims. Drawing on survey responses from 37 American Indian female clients and interviews with 10 staff members, the findings reveal that the domestic violence agency service provider is meeting many of their needs. Findings also indicate that clients have a wide variety of specific personal needs (e.g., safety, housing, transportation), needs relating to their children (e.g., safety, education, socialization), community needs (e.g., relating to their tribe), as well as legal needs (e.g., help obtaining a restraining order or divorce). These multifaceted needs are discussed and specific recommendations are provided for successful researcher-practitioner partnerships.
Outsourcing in Place: Should a Retailer Sell its Store-Brand Factory?

Several major grocery chains in the US own factories that produce some of their store-brand products. Historically, these store-brand products have been the low-price, lower-quality alternatives to higher-priced national brands, but the quality and consumer acceptance of store brands have increased markedly in recent years. While demand for store-brand products is higher, managing the associated factories can be costly for retailers, leading some to consider selling the factories to third parties.We study the impact of selling a retailer's existing capacity-limited factory to a third party when a store-brand product competes with a similar national-brand product. We examine the equilibrium dynamics between two external suppliers and show how the outcome changes with respect to prices, capacity limitations, the distribution of profits, and the sequencing of pricing decisions. Among other things, we show that, surprisingly, the national brand's equilibrium wholesale price may fall when the factory is sold. We also show that the retailer may be strictly better off if he sells the factory, with these benefits being above and beyond any savings in fixed ownership and operating costs. Taken together, these results imply that when the store-brand factory has tight capacity, the adverse effects due to double marginalization on the store-brand product from selling the factory to a third party may be partially or fully offset by a reduction in the national brand's wholesale price.
Spectators’ emotional responses in tweets during the Super Bowl 50 game

Abstract The author explored spectators’ emotional reactions manifested on social media. By using Twitter search application programming interface, 328,000 real-time tweets posted by fans of the Panthers and the Broncos during the Super Bowl 50 game were collected. The lexicon-based text mining approach (a big data analysis in social media analytics) was employed to classify tweets into five different emotions. The findings indicated that spectators expressed positive emotions when their team scored; conversely, they expressed negative emotions when the opposite team scored. Interestingly, spectators became habituated with each subsequent score from either of their preferred teams, which resulted in fewer expressions of emotions. However, when a team scored soon after the opposite team scored, fans expressed a surge of positive or negative emotions, accordingly. The results supported both the theories of affective disposition and opponent-process. Spectators’ simultaneous experience of positive and negative emotions may contribute to fans’ satisfaction, continued patronage, and mental health.
Observation of Demonstration Classes as a Method of Teaching Teachers

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the observation of demonstration classes as a method of teaching teachers. The principal feature of the new system was a demonstration class to be taught by one of the professors and to be attended by all the new teaching assistants added to the staff. A demonstration class needs a regular conference time between the master teacher and his observers to take stock and to establish guidelines for the future. The participants in the program were cooperative and seemed appreciative that the guidance was made practical and explicit. Demonstration classes are not new, but this particular system has the advantage that each observer may apply immediately in his own class what he has just seen demonstrated. The observation class arrangement serves to provide a technique for those who need to improve techniques for those who need improvement, and to standardize procedures for all. It is well adapted to the needs of a large university.
Designing Group Annotations and Process Visualizations for Role-Based Collaboration

Team collaboration in situations like emergency management often involves sharing and management of knowledge among distributed domain experts. This study extends our previous research on improving common ground building among collaborators with role-based multiple views, and proposes prototypes of annotation and process visualization tools to further enhance common ground building. We illustrate specific needs through two problem scenarios and propose the designed prototypes through storyboarding.
From Transitions to Executions

Interleaving theories have traditionally failed to integrate a satisfactory treatment of the so-called “finite delay property”. This is generally attributed to the expansion law of such theories, but in truth, the problem is rooted in the concept of labelled transition system. We introduce a new type of system, in which, instead of labelled transitions, we have, essentially, sequences of labelled transitions. We call systems of this type labelled execution systems. We use a coalgebraic representation to obtain, in a canonical way, a suitable concept of bisimilarity among such systems, study the conditions under which that concept agrees with the intuitive understanding of equivalence of branching structure that one has for these systems, and examine their relationship with labelled transition systems, precisely characterizing the difference in expressive power and branching complexity between the two kinds of systems.
Beyond country image favorability: How brand positioning via country personality stereotypes enhances brand evaluations

Across four lab experiments and a field study, we find that brands are evaluated more favorably when the brand is positioned in a manner that is congruent with the brand’s home country personality stereotype than when brand positioning is incongruent. Results demonstrate that cultural authenticity mediates this effect. We also uncover a moderating effect whereby brands are viewed more favorably when brand positioning and country personality stereotypes are incongruent, rather than congruent, under conditions of consumer animosity toward the firm’s home country. This study is the first to demonstrate how international firms can leverage country-of-origin personality stereotypes as a brand-building advantage.
Virtual reality presence as a preamble of tourism experience: The role of mental imagery

Abstract While the dominant research stream on tourism technologies has investigated the adoption of self-service, mobile, and web-based technologies, the potential of destination marketing through virtual technologies is yet to be fully investigated. Because of limited empirical knowledge about the application of virtual reality (VR) in tourism, this research investigates how VR can be used to deliver integrated tourist experiences prior to their stay at the hotel. Through a lab-coordinated experiment, the current study contrasts three hotel previews that differ in their level of interactivity (images vs. 360° tour vs. VR). The findings demonstrate that a VR preview induces higher elaboration of mental imagery about the experience and a stronger sense of presence compared to both the 360° preview and images preview, thereby translating into enhanced brand experience. Such findings suggest that VR is substantial in prompting tourists to “daydream” about lodging offers prior to experiencing them at the destination's premises.
Human Factors Concerns: Drivers’ Perception on Electronic Sideview System in 21st Century Cars

Technology evolution has changed the way people reason, interact and how machinery is designed. Technology has grown beyond human comprehension, especially in the automotive industry. As technology evolves, things have become more crucial in a human’s life. As a result, invention of new cars and other means of transportation have become a huge success. Use of automatic cars is expanding day-by-day. Modern cars now come with some benefits such as adaptive cruise control system, lane change information, electronic sideview system, blind spot information, warning indicator of distance between cars and backup camera, etc. Yet, the possible stress caused by using some of these technologies and its impact on drivers have not be fully investigated. This study investigated driver’s cognitive stress from using electronic sideview system versus regular sideview mirror for lane changing. Due to limited availability of cars equipped with electronic sideview system, only twenty drivers participated in the study. Sampled drivers included 7 females and 13 males. Seventy percent of the participants fell into age category of 18–28, 10% fell into age category of 29–39 and 20% in age category of 40–50, while none falls into the category above 50 years old. The study was conducted in the Midwest, United States (US) and the University Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol. Results reveal that 60% of the drivers responded to be more stressed using the electronic sideview system compared with the manual sideview mirror. About 50% affirmed that the electronic sideview system has a better image compared with the regular sideview mirror, but 70% of this 50% complained of cognitive overload. Two-drivers who affirmed that the electronic systems work perfectly also acknowledged that the confusion associated while deciding on which of the two systems to use. Further, 70% of the drivers reported to having difficulty using the electronic sideview system when driving in the same direction with sunlight ray. Twelve percent of the drivers responded to like the electronic system, but requested for car manufacturer improvement. The findings from this study could add to the existing knowledge on the impacts of modern cars inbuilt with electronic sideview system on drivers.
Recent Development of Drag Coefficient, Foam, and Surface Roughness for High Wind EM Emission and Scattering Computation

Ocean surface roughness and whitecaps are driven by the ocean surface wind stress, thus their values calculated from the wind speed input depend on the applied drag coefficient formula. Roughness and whitecaps are two critical elements of the ocean surface response in microwave remote sensing. Recent analysis of the microwave radiometer measurements in tropical cyclones have yielded the result that when expressed as a wind speed power function, the exponent in high winds (greater than about 35 m/s) is about -1 for the drag coefficient, 0.5 for the wind friction velocity, and 1.25 for the whitecap coverage. The updated information on the drag coefficient, whitecap coverage, and surface roughness is incorporated in the microwave emission and scattering models. The calculated brightness temperature and the co- and cross-polarized scattering radar cross sections in tropical cyclone wind conditions for a range of microwave frequencies and incidence angles are reported.
Strategic behavior and dynamic externalities in commercial fisheries

Abstract This paper uses game theory to analyze commercial fishers’ willingness to practice conservation to recover a depleted fishery. We compare a game in which players choose their conservation effort simultaneously to a game in which there is a leader and a follower. We show that because the players ignore the effect of their conservation effort on the other player's expected benefits, their collective effort is suboptimal. When the players choose their effort sequentially, the leader puts less effort in conservation, reducing the likelihood of recovery and collective welfare.
Is resident assistance equivalent to fellows during hepatectomy

Hepatectomy is a complex operative procedure frequently performed at academic institutions with trainee participation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of assistant’s training level on outcomes following hepatectomy. A retrospective review of a prospective, single-institution ACS-NSQIP database was performed for patients that underwent hepatectomy (2013–2016). Patients were divided by trainee assistant level: hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) fellow versus general surgery resident (PGY 4–5). Demographic, perioperative, and 30-day outcome variables were compared using Chi-Square/Fisher’s exact, Mann–Whitney U test, and multivariable regression. Cases involving a senior-level general surgery resident or HPB fellow as first assistant were included (n = 352). Those with a second attending, junior-level resident, or no documented assistant were excluded (n = 39). Patients undergoing hepatectomy with an HPB fellow as primary assistant had more frequent preoperative biliary stenting, longer operative time, and more concomitant procedures including biliary reconstruction, resulting in a higher rate of post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) (15% vs. 8%, P = 0.044). However, trainee level did not impact PHLF on multivariable analysis (OR 0.60, 95% CI [0.29–1.25], P = 0.173). Fellows assisted with proportionally more major hepatectomies (45% vs. 31%; P = 0.010) and resections for hepatobiliary cancers (31% vs. 19%, P = 0.014). On stratified analysis of major and minor hepatectomies, outcomes were similar between trainee groups. Fellows performed higher complexity cases with longer operative time. Despite these differences, outcomes were similar regardless of assistant training level. Resident and HPB fellow participation in operations requiring liver resection provide comparable quality of care.
The duality of electron localization and covalency in lanthanide and actinide metallocenes.

Previous magnetic, spectroscopic, and theoretical studies of cerocene, Ce(C8H8)2, have provided evidence for non-negligible 4f-electron density on Ce and implied that charge transfer from the ligands occurs as a result of covalent bonding. Strong correlations of the localized 4f-electrons to the delocalized ligand π-system result in emergence of Kondo-like behavior and other quantum chemical phenomena that are rarely observed in molecular systems. In this study, Ce(C8H8)2 is analyzed experimentally using carbon K-edge and cerium M5,4-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopies (XAS), and computationally using configuration interaction (CI) calculations and density functional theory (DFT) as well as time-dependent DFT (TDDFT). Both spectroscopic approaches provide strong evidence for ligand → metal electron transfer as a result of Ce 4f and 5d mixing with the occupied C 2p orbitals of the C8H82− ligands. Specifically, the Ce M5,4-edge XAS and CI calculations show that the contribution of the 4f1, or Ce3+, configuration to the ground state of Ce(C8H8)2 is similar to strongly correlated materials such as CeRh3 and significantly larger than observed for other formally Ce4+ compounds including CeO2 and CeCl62−. Pre-edge features in the experimental and TDDFT-simulated C K-edge XAS provide unequivocal evidence for C 2p and Ce 4f covalent orbital mixing in the δ-antibonding orbitals of e2u symmetry, which are the unoccupied counterparts to the occupied, ligand-based δ-bonding e2u orbitals. The C K-edge peak intensities, which can be compared directly to the C 2p and Ce 4f orbital mixing coefficients determined by DFT, show that covalency in Ce(C8H8)2 is comparable in magnitude to values reported previously for U(C8H8)2. An intuitive model is presented to show how similar covalent contributions to the ground state can have different impacts on the overall stability of f-element metallocenes.
A Systems Model for the Supervision of School Psychological Services

Systems analysis and synthesis are applied to the process of supervision of school psychological services. A brief review of the key concepts of systems theory is followed by an explanation of one ...
New Records of Beetles (Coleoptera) from the Tennessee Valley of Southeastern USA

Fifty-three beetle species within 13 families are reported as new state records for Tennessee or Georgia, USA. Most specimens were collected at two localities, the Tennessee River Gorge Land Trust (Marion Co., Tennessee) or the Lula Lake Land Trust (Walker Co., Georgia). Specimens were collected during May 2015–2016 using various techniques, including Malaise, flight intercept, pitfall, and Lindgren funnel traps, as well as sifting leaf litter. All specimens and records come from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Insect collection (UTCI).
The Social Psychology of Racially Biased Policing: Evidence-Based Policy Responses:

Police killings of unarmed African Americans, such as George Floyd in 2020, continue to cause nationwide protests and calls for change. Psychological science knows much about biased policing and ca...
Immediate Postoperative Electroencephalography Monitoring in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease and Syndrome.

Abstract Background Moyamoya disease and syndrome are progressive steno-occlusive cerebrovascular diseases that manifest clinically with ischemic episodes. There is evidence for the use of electroencephalography (EEG) in preoperative and long-term postoperative evaluation of these patients, as well as in the intraoperative period to monitor for changes correlated with perioperative ischemic events. However, the utility of EEG in the immediate postprocedure time period has not previously been described. Methods We review six patients who underwent pial synangiosis from 2017 to 2019. EEGs from the preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate postoperative period were evaluated, as well as clinical examination changes and subsequent interventions. Results Six patients with postoperative EEG monitoring following pial synangiosis were included. EEG data was collected preoperatively, intraoperatively, and continuously postoperatively. Preoperatively, five of six patients had normal background activity on EEG, whereas one of six had hemispheric asymmetry. Three patients had new or worsening hemispheric intracerebral asymmetry on EEG during the immediate postsurgical period. Two of these had no clinical manifestations of ischemia, and one had transient left facial weakness. All three underwent blood pressure augmentation with improvement in the asymmetry on EEG and clinical improvement in the symptomatic patient. Conclusions Although widely accepted as a useful tool during the preoperative and intraoperative periods of evaluation and management of moyamoya disease and syndrome, we propose that the use of continuous EEG in the immediate postoperative period may have potential as a useful adjunct by both detecting early clinical and subclinical intracranial ischemia.
Post-traumatic stress disorder can be predicted in hospitalized blunt trauma patients using a simple screening tool.

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has debilitating psychiatric and medical consequences. The purpose of this study was to identify whether PTSD diagnosis and PTSD symptom scale score (PTSD severity) could be predicted by assessing peritraumatic experiences using a single question or screening tools at different time points in patients hospitalized after admission to the hospital after significant physical trauma, but with stable vitals (level II trauma). Methods Patients completed the ‘initial question’ and the National Stressful Events Survey Acute Stress Disorder Scale (NSESSS) at 3 days to 5 days after trauma (NSESSS-1). The same scale was administered 2 weeks to 4 weeks after trauma (NSESSS-2). The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Scale Interview for DSM-5 (PSSI-5) was administered 2 months after trauma. PTSD diagnosis and PTSD severity were extracted from the PSSI-5. Linear multivariate regression analyses were used to establish whether scores for NSESSS-1 or NSESSS-2 predicted PTSD diagnosis/PTSD severity. Non-linear multivariate regression analyses were performed to better understand the relationship between NSESSS-1/NSESSS-2 and PTSD diagnosis/PTSD severity. Results A single question assessing the experience of fear, helplessness, or horror was not an effective tool for determining the diagnosis of PTSD (p=0.114) but can be a predictor of PTSD severity (p=0.039). We demonstrate that administering the NSESSS after either 3 days to 5 days (p=0.008, p Discussion Our initial question was not an effective predictor of PTSD diagnosis. However, using the NSESSS at both 3 days to 5 days and 2 weeks to 4 weeks after trauma is an effective method for predicting PTSD diagnosis and PTSD severity. Additionally, we show that patients who score higher than 14 on the NSESSS for acute stress symptoms may need closer follow-up. Level of evidence Level III, prognostic.
Two Cases of Post-Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Encephalopathy Associated With Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections can cause many complications, including central nervous system (CNS) complications. One of the most common COVID-19 CNS complications is COVID-19 encephalopathy, a disorder characterized by cognitive impairment, altered consciousness, and even seizures. The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine is a recently approved mRNA-based vaccine aimed at preventing COVID-19 infections and their complications. Here, we describe two patients with no known neurological or psychiatric history who presented with encephalopathy and seizures that began after part one of their Moderna COVID-19 vaccine series. To our knowledge, there are no other reports of post-Moderna COVID-19 vaccine encephalopathy in the literature. We suggest a mechanism for this complication and thoroughly discuss why the Moderna vaccine is possibly responsible, by addressing confounders in our patients.
Produce prescription programs, bodily norms, and federal nutrition policy

Food Justice – as a movement and scholarly literature – has necessarily argued for examinations of power and discrimination within food systems. However, much food justice literature has not fully ...
In their own words? A terminological analysis of e-mail to a cancer information service.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To better understand the terms used by consumers to describe their health information needs and determine if this "consumer terminology"differs from those used by health care professionals. METHODS: Features and findings identified in 139 e-mail messages to the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute's Cancer Information and Referral Service were coded and matched against the 2001 Unified Medical Language System Metathesaurus. RESULTS:504 unique terms were identified. 185 (36%) were exact matches to concepts in the 2001 UMLS Metathesaurus (MTH). 179 (35%) were partial string matches; 119 (24%) were known synonyms for MTH concepts; and 2 (<1%) were lexical variants. Only 19,or 4% of the total terms, were not found to be present in the 2001 MT1H. CONCLUSION: 96% of the clinical findings and features mentioned in e-mail by correspondents who did not self-identify as healthcare professionals were described using terms from controlled healthcare terminologies. The notion of a paradigmatic "consumer" who uses a particular vocabulary specific to her "consumer" status may be ill-founded.
Will China Surpass the United States

Extrapolations of China’s growth suggest that China will soon surpass in size and prosperity the leading developed economies, even the United States. China has several advantages that suggest such convergence possibilities, including its land mass, large population, and rapid transformation over nearly three decades. However, there are serious disadvantages that will lessen the pace of convergence in future. This chapter provides several scenarios for the relative size of China’s GDP and for convergence of her income per capita. Under plausible assumptions, China will not reach the US standard of living until late in this century, at the earliest. Nonetheless, due to the size of its economy and markets, it will have a relatively large share of production and consumption of most goods and services in a few decades. Experience elsewhere, especially among China’s richest neighbors, indicates that convergence is unlikely even by then. China faces four trends that make even this possibility unlikely: urbanization, the transition from state ownership to private sector control of capital, slowing population growth, and rising political risks. The first two forces have been important to China’s success but are transitory and will work to reduce growth in the future. The financial sector’s development could extend the period of rapid productivity growth in China and could even allow the country to become the financial center of Asia. This would not alter the basic conclusions for the relative size of the economy or its convergence, however.
Investigating the Role of Antioxidants in Protecting Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Oxidative Damage

The free radical theory of aging suggests that cellular aging is due to the buildup of oxygen-derived free radicals which damage biological molecules. These free radicals, known as reactive oxygen ...