cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Neurosurgery: A Review of the Risks and Benefits of Prophylaxis

Background : In neurosurgery and spine surgery in particular, the unique risks and benefits of utilizing different prophylaxis regimens against deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) must be carefully weighed. Our aim was to comprehensively review the safety and efficacy of different regimens of prophylaxis against DVT and PE in neurosurgical cranial and spinal studies.Methods : Patients undergoing cranial or spinal procedures may receive one or more types of prophylaxis; elastic stockings (ES), intermittent pneumatic compression stockings (IPC), low dose unfractionated subcutaneous heparin (typically 5000 U q12h), and/or low dose low molecular weight heparin alternatives. The incidence of DVT, PE, and hemorrhage, particularly for those receiving low dose fractionated or low molecular weight heparin, were reviewed.Results : IPC stockings appeared to be very effective, particularly in spinal surgical series where the frequency of DVT/PE remained lower than in cranial studies. Although the addition of low dose unfractionated subcutaneous or low dose low molecular weight heparin regimens further decreased the frequency of DVT and PE, it carried a 2%-4% risk of major postoperative hemorrhage.Conclusions : Intermittent compression stocking prophylaxis (IPC) alone provide adequate prophylaxis against DVT and PE in most patients undergoing spinal procedures. The “value added” of low dose unfractionated subcutaneous or low dose low molecular weight heparin regimens regarding further reduction in the incidence of DVT and PE, poses the significant risk of major postoperative hemorrhage.
Does a family history of male breast cancer influence risk perception and use of genetic testing

We sought to determine differences in risk perception and use of genetic testing in these individuals compared with those with a family history of female breast cancer (FHxFBC) in a population-based cohort. Data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey were used to assess risk perception and use of genetic counseling in individuals with a family history of male breast cancer (FHxMBC) versus those with a FHxFBC. Of the 2429 individuals with a first-degree relative with breast cancer surveyed, 21 (0.7%) had a FHxMBC, whereas 2408 (99.3%) had a FHxFBC. Women who had a FHxMBC perceived themselves as being at higher risk for developing breast cancer than those with a FHxFBC (61.5 vs 46.5%, P = 0.011). Fewer individuals with a FHxMBC had heard about genetic testing than those with a FHxFBC (38.4 vs 50.8%, P = 0.322). Of these, none of the individuals with a FHxMBC discussed this with their physician (vs 13% of individuals with a FHxFBC, P = 0.004) and none underwent genetic testing (vs 3% of individuals with a FHxFBC, P = 0.009). Women with a FHxMBC perceive this as being associated with increased cancer risk, but few discuss this with their physicians. Physicians should be proactive in discussing risk with these patients.
The deoxygenation kinetics of hemoglobin Rainier (α2β2145 Tyr→Cys)

Abstract The deoxygenation rates of hemoglobin Rainier were measured at pH 7.1 in the absence and presence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). This hemoglobin demonstrated an extremely slow deoxygenation rate which is interpreted as indicating some abnormality in the conformation of the fully liganded protein as well as greatly diminished subunit interaction. The slow deoxygenation rates and the small effect of 2,3-DPG on those rates are consistent with the oxygen equilibrium studies for this hemoglobin and support the view that the deoxy conformation of the protein is unstable, and therefore cannot bind 2,3-DPG strongly.
The mode of action and nature of a heat stable plasma erythropoietic factor.

Boiled filtrates of "anemic" rabbit plasma have been studied by physicochemical means, and the response to their injection into the rat has been followed utilizing tracer and morphologic technics. It has been demonstrated that the erythropoietic activity of these filtrates is associated with an alpha-2 globulin, most probably a mucoprotein; and that this material produces, in the rat, an increase in the rate of red cell division and maturation, and an acceleration of release of these cells from the bone marrow and accessory organs of hemopoiesis.
The World Map of Integer Programs

Integer programs are very hard to solve. Even the knapsack problem, one of the simplest integer programs, is NP-complete. In order to solve this problem, most people would use the dynamic programming-type algorithm of Gilmore and Gomory. This algorithm is pseudo-polynomial and has time complexity O(nb), where b is the weight-carrying capacity of the knapsack. The knapsack problem can also be solved using Landa’s algorithm, as we saw in Sect. 8.2. Landa’s algorithm is also pseudo-polynomial and has time complexity O(nw1), where w1 is the weight of the best item.
Embracing Integrative Multiomics Approaches.

As “-omics” data technology advances and becomes more readily accessible to address complex biological questions, increasing amount of cross “-omics” dataset is inspiring the use and development of integrative bioinformatics analysis. In the current review, we discuss multiple options for integrating data across “-omes” for a range of study designs. We discuss established methods for such analysis and point the reader to in-depth discussions for the various topics. Additionally, we discuss challenges and new directions in the area.
The Emperor’s New Clothes are Accounting Straitjackets

The year 2015 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. Bold legislation followed President Lyndon Baines Johnson’s (LBJ) well-known 1964 State of the Union Address, where the former schoolteacher declared an “unconditional war on poverty” as part of his Great Society mandates.
53BP1 Is Targeted to Sites of DNA Breaks within the Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus and Promotes Class Switch Recombination.

The maintenance of genomic integrity relies on the cellular response to chromosomal damage from both exogenous (e.g. ionizing radiation) and endogenous (e.g. oxidative stress) sources. Various members of the DNA damage-sensing pathway including ATM, H2AX, 53BP1, and MDC1 are necessary to orchestrate the repair of DNA breaks. B cells undergo several programmed DNA alterations during their development: V(D)J recombination, Somatic Hypermutation (SHM), and Class Switch Recombination (CSR). We have previously shown that 53BP1 is relatively dispensable for V(D)J recombination and SHM. In contrast, class switch recombination is largely blocked to all isotypes indicating that regulated DNA breaks in B cells are regarded differentially by the DNA damage response machinery. 53BP1 is thought to promote the joining of DNA ends during CSR thus preventing translocations that could potentially lead to lymphoma. To better understand the damage response to CSR induced DNA breaks, a chromatin immunoprecipitation strategy and a combined immunofluorescence/FISH method was used to examine the components that assemble at IgH switch (S) regions during CSR. H2AX was found at S regions specifically targeted to undergo CSR after in vitro stimulation of B cells, and to a lesser degree, at adjacent S regions that were not activated for a switch event. H2AX was also found at S regions in switch activated 53BP1-deficient B cells. In contrast, 53BP1 was found primarily at S regions specifically targeted for CSR, and not at the adjacent S regions. Moreover, the localization of 53BP1 to S regions appeared to be in part, independent of DNA breaks, and potentially reliant on specialized DNA structures that are generated during CSR. These findings support a differential role for the various components of the DNA damage response program during CSR and have implications for understanding mechanisms of lymphomagenesis.
Speed and basal resistance level (BRL) in a segmented straight alley as a function of alteration of the stimulus, gentling, and isolation

Sixteen naive, male, hooded, 90 day old rats were divided into 8 groups. Half were caged individually for a week, and half were caged in pairs. Half of each group was gentled for two minutes a day for a week, and half was not. Half were run in a segmented straight alley with ½ in. stripes and half were run in a similar maze with 1½ in. stripes. Training was carried out under 20 hours of water deprivation for water reward. Animals were run in one maze for 8 days at one trial a day. They were then shifted to the other maze for 4 days, and finally returned to the maze of original training for 2 days. As latency decreased as a function of training, BRL showed a general rise. The first shift from the maze of original training to the maze with the different stripes produced a change in BRL without a large shift in running latency. Adventitious disturbances in the laboratory also produced BRL differences that were not reflected in running latencies. Thus, the previously obtained correlation of BRL and latency with training and extinction can be attributed to the effect of stage of learning on the arousal level, while arousal level is not necessarily a determinant of running latency. No significant effects were obtained with respect to the handling of the animals prior to the experiment, the manner of caging, or the stripe pattern in the maze of original training. Except for high latency and low BRL in the first segment, no goal gradient was obtained.
Opioid Prescribing in Rural Family Practices: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACTBackground: Rural Tennessee, especially rural East Tennessee has seen a dramatic increase in rates of controlled drug prescriptions and controlled drug overdose deaths in recent years. However, little is known about the individual decisions to prescribe or continue prescriptions with relation to addiction concerns. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to learn more about what factors lead to physicians’ prescribing control drugs for non-cancer pain through the use of focus groups. Methods: A qualitative study, using focus groups, in five family medicine clinics in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. The investigators used a semi-structured interview guide designed to facilitate group discussions about prescription drug abuse and misuse. Results: There were four main themes identified by the focus groups: (1) prescribers’ changing prescribing patterns over time; (2) factors that influence controlled drug prescribing; (3) use and barriers to using state prescription drug monitoring programs ...
Use of Biologics in Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Prior to Surgery and Perioperative Risks

Medical therapy plays a critical role for induction and maintenance of luminal inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and fistulizing Crohn’s disease. An exaggerated immune response is thought to contribute to disease; thus, agents referred to as “biologic therapy” have been developed to diminish this immune activity (Bafford et al., J Clin Gastroenterol 47:491–5, 2013). Biologic agents attempt at altering the natural course of IBD by aiding in steroid withdrawal while preserving disease remission (Indar et al., World J Surg 33:1049–52, 2009). Unfortunately biologists have not been able to erase the need for bowel resection thus often proceeding need for surgery (Narula et al., AlimentPharmacol Ther 37:1057–64, 2013; Schluender et al., Dis Colon Rectum 50:1747–53, 2007). This chapter aims to review perioperative risks with use of biologic therapy prior to surgery in IBD.
The taxonomy and biology of Phytophthora and Pythium

The genera Phytophthora and Pythium include many economically important species which have been placed in Kingdom Chromista or Kingdom Straminipila distinct from Kingdom Fungi Their taxonomic problems basic biology and economic importance have been reviewed Morphologically both genera are very similar in having coenocytic hyaline and freely branching mycelia oogonia with usually single oospores but the definitive differentiation between them lies in the mode of zoospore differentiation and discharge In Phytophthora the zoospores are differentiated within the sporangium proper and when mature released in an evanescent vesicle at the sporangial apex whereas in Pythium the protoplast of a sporangium is transferred usually through an exit tube to a thin vesicle outside the sporangium where zoospores are differentiated and released upon the rupture of the vesicle Many species of Phytophthora are destructive pathogens of especially dicotyledonous woody trees shrubs and herbaceous plants whereas Pythium species attacked primarily monocotyledonous herbaceous plants whereas some cause diseases in fishes red algae and mammals including humans However several mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic species of Pythium have been utilized respectively to successfully control other plant pathogenic fungi and harmful insects including mosquitoes while the others utilized to produce valuable chemicals for pharmacy and food industry
Dropping the Baton During the Handoff from Emergency Department to Primary Care: Pediatric Asthma Continuity Errors

Article-at-a-Glance Background The handoff of patient care from emergent to primary care physicians (PCPs) has been associated with critical safety problems, especially for children with chronic diseases. Continuity-of-information (COI) errors occur when relevant information is not transmitted effectively. Follow-up errors occur when a recommended visit or telephone contact does not take place when prescribed. A study was undertaken to assess the COI and follow-up between a tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED) and PCPs for pediatric patients seeking acute asthma treatment. Methods Paper charts were reviewed for evidence of continuity of information and continuity of follow-up within the directed five-day period after an asthma exacerbation as recommended in national guidelines. Results Three-hundred fifty pediatric ED visits for asthma by patients attending these community health centers were identified. In 132 (37.7%) of the records, there was no evidence of the patient's ED visit in the record (faxed ED discharge note or handwritten note by provider). In 219 (62.6%), the faxed ED note and/or provider note was present. Illegibility did not contribute to COI errors. There was no recorded contact between patients and PCPs in 218 (62.3%) of the charts, and 11 (3.1%) indicated appointments were scheduled but missed. Follow-up was documented in the remaining 121 (34.6%) charts—109 (31.1%) in clinic and 12 (3.4%) by phone follow-up. Discussion More often than not, PCPs appeared to not know that their patients sought medical care in the ED for asthma exacerbations. The majority of patients did not follow up with their providers. More electronically automated and reliable ways of sharing information may diminish COI and follow-up errors and thereby improve patient safety.
Knuth's generalization of McCarthy's 91 function

Donald E. Knuth of Stanford University asks [63] for a “proof by computer” of a theorem about his generalization, involving real numbers, of John McCarthy’s 91 function. This case study explores a largely successful attempt to use ACL2 to meet Knuth’s challenge. Real numbers are dealt with by mechanically verifying results that are true, not only about the field of all real numbers, but also about every subfield of that field.
The multi-institutional osteosarcoma study: An update

The Multi-institutional Osteosarcoma Study (MIOS) was initiated in June 1982 and was designed to test the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma of the extremity. At the time of initiation of this trial, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of osteosarcoma was controversial, because the outcome of patients treated with only surgery and without adjuvant chemotherapy appeared to be improving over time at certain institutions [1,2]. Preliminary [3] and updated [4] results of this trial have been published and have confirmed the favorable impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on event-free survival for patients with osteosarcoma of the extremity; the outcome for patients treated with immediate adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than for those treated with only surgery.
Planning a Portfolio of Decision Support Systems

The planning of a portfolio of decision support systems takes place within the broader information systems planning process. The process can be viewed as being comprised of five phases with each having multiple activities. The objective of the process is not only to create the portfolio, but also to increase the likelihood of its implementation and to raise the value delivered by its decision support and other systems. Understanding the challenges of the planning process helps to explain the rationale behind the process itself.
A Survey of Integrated Group Decision Support Systems Involving Multiple Criteria

This paper surveys group decision support systems which use multiple criteria decision making tools in generating alternative solutions and/or resolving conflict among the parties involved in reaching a compromise. Two dimensions are considered in the analysis of the existing systems; the particular multiple criteria decision technique used to generate decision alternatives or to choose from a given set, and the method used to facilitate individual compromise and group consensus. The focus of the survey is on cooperative multiple criteria decision problems. Finally, a recapitulation of the survey is provided to detect the underlying trends in the design of existing integrated systems.
Reimagining ARUBA: Theoretical Optimization of the Treatment of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Abstract Background and Purpose The results of the A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous (ARUBA) study, indicating that conservative medical management of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (UBAVM) is superior to interventional therapy, have generated debates that have hampered their application into clinical practice. Irrespectively of study conclusions, it seems reasonable to explore how much better interventional therapy would have to be to become competitive with conservative medical management. Methods We conducted an exploratory analysis to replicate the original data from ARUBA. The functional form of the replicated ARUBA data, according to their Weibull distribution, allowed estimation of parameters. We carried out Monte Carlo simulations while introducing theoretical reductions of interventional risk, and the results were used to construct theoretical and example Kaplan-Meier curves from simulations. Results The “ARUBA Replication” analysis showed results nearly identical to those published in the study, with an estimated hazard ratio of 0.27 (95% CI: 0.14-0.55). At 50% interventional risk reduction, the simulations showed an estimated event rate of 14.9%, and the protective effect of conservative medical management was no longer statistically significant. Greater risk reductions hastened the time to benefit for interventional therapy, and an 80% risk reduction demonstrated superiority of interventional therapy at just over 2 years Hazard Ratio (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.55-4.92). Conclusions Reduction in risk of interventional therapy by 50%-80% results in more competitive clinical outcomes, equating or surpassing the benefit of conservative medical management of UBAVM. This conjecture should be taken into consideration in the design of future studies of this patient population, particularly because it is supported by recent observational studies.
An avant-garde collection inspired by the global water crisis: recycling waste to aesthetic garments

The purpose of the chapter was to develop an avant garde clothing collection of dresses inspired by the global water crisis the pollution emitted by water containers and a fear of water espoused by natural disasters like tsunamis This chapter was initiated to express the potential value of recyclable water related materials such as polyethylene terephthalate PET high density polyethylene HDPE and plastic drinking straws Avant garde clothing collection was developed from mainly reusable plastic materials such as plastic water bottles drinking straws fishing wire light emitting diode LED and fabric with a solar charging system A theoretical conceptual framework Functional Expressive and Aesthetic FEA Consumer Need Model was adopted as ground theory to assess the garments and ground the chapter in theory The FEA Consumer Need Model was also used to analyze the design collection The avant garde collection developed will contribute to consumers rsquo awareness of issues related to the global water crisis while providing examples of how fashion designers and the fashion industry professionals more generally can express and create beautiful and aesthetic clothing with discarded materials or non apparel materials There is no existing guide on how to use unconventional materials This chapter offers a practical guide to how to manipulate non fabric materials into beautiful wearable investible art Future research could explore other environmental issues through fashion collections using materials such as rubber paper water bottle cap plastic bags and so on
Dust suppression in iron ore processing plants

Handling taconite pellets produces dust. As the pellets are transported, they abrade and produce a fine material that represents a concern for airborne dust. Pellet-breakdown studies revealed that as much as 43% (by weight) of the fine particles were 10 μm in diameter and smaller (material regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). This is a significant amount of material that represents a concern for dust emissions; therefore, a dust suppressant is needed. Water is the most common dust suppressant used to prevent fines from becoming airborne. To effectively suppress dust, the material must wet well and must remain wet. Surfactants, hygroscopic materials and binders are additives that address at least one of these concerns. Evaluating the wetting behavior of the iron ore revealed that the pellets were highly hydrophilic (contact angles less than 30°). The wetting kinetics of fine particles were increased 99% using acetyletic glycol surfactants, which demonstrated that these surfactants greatly improved wettability. However, in dust-suppression studies using a drop tower that simulated dust generation in a plant, surfactants did not reduce airborne dust. This indicated that ease of wetting was not the primary problem in suppressing taconite dust. In contrast, hygroscopic materials (that prevent moisture from evaporating) and tall oil pitch (a nonhygroscopic binder) reduced airborne dust by as much as 58%.
Leadership Style, Organizational Performance, and Change Through the Lens of Emotional Intelligence

Transformational leadership style and emotional intelligence are aiding managers’ performance. This study explained the influence that transformational style and emotional intelligence flexibility subscale have on organizational performance during change initiatives. Emotional intelligence and leadership theory represent the theoretical lens and framework in the research study. Emotional intelligence flexibility subscale was assessed with the Emotional Quotient Inventory 2.0 (EQi 2.0), and transformational style was assessed with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X). The study included a population of 180 managers from a nonprofit company in Texas, USA. Data collected were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Pearson correlational model to assess if a relationship existed between managers’ emotional intelligence flexibility subscale and transformational style. The results showed a relationship between the emotional intelligence flexibility subscale and the transformational style. This research study may be beneficial to leaders in all industries undergoing organizational change to apply emotional intelligence flexibility subscale and transformational leadership style during the implementation of change initiatives.
Clinical experience utilizing a novel fluoroscopic technique for wire-guided esophagojejunal tube placement in the dog and cat: Twenty cases (2010–2013)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical use of a novel, minimally invasive technique for fluoroscopic wire‐guided esophagojejunal tube (FEJT) placement in dogs and cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study (February 2010–September 2013). SETTING: University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Eighteen dogs and 2 cats with intolerance of, or contraindications to, gastric feeding that underwent attempted FEJT placement. INTERVENTIONS: All patients underwent attempted FEJT placement using a novel fluoroscopic wire‐guided technique. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Patient data were collected including information about the FEJT placement and utilization of the tube postplacement. The primary diagnosis in dogs undergoing FEJT placement was pancreatitis in 61% of cases. The ability to achieve postpyloric access with the technique was 95% (19/20). Mean duration of the procedure in dogs where FEJT placement was successful was 63.8 minutes (SD, 28.6; min‐max, 30–120 min). Mean fluoroscopy time was 19.4 minutes (SD, 11.5; min‐max, 5.2–42.1‐min). Esophagostomy site infection was a complication of FEJT placement in 2 dogs. The mean duration the FEJT remained in place in dogs was 3.8 days (SD, 2.2; min‐max, 1–7 days), and mean duration of feeding was 3.6 days (SD, 2.2; min‐max, 1–7 days). Vomiting was noted in 89% of patients prior to FEJT placement and was significantly reduced to only 24% of patients postplacement (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: FEJT placement is a viable technique for providing postpyloric nutrition in dogs and cats intolerant of, or with contraindications to, gastric feeding.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Fashion: Are Consumers Ready?:

Given the growing interest in combinations of fashion and digital innovations, it is critical for both researchers and retailers to understand how consumers respond to new technologies, especially ...
Examining the Use and Construct Fidelity of Technology-Enhanced Items Employed by K-12 Testing Programs

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, large-scale testing programs have employed technology-enhanced items (TEI) to improve the fidelity with which an item measures a targeted construct. This paper present...
Optimal Prospective Predictors of Mortality in Austere Environments

Abstract Background Prospective predictors of trauma-related outcomes have been validated to guide management in low-resource settings. The primary objective of this study was to determine the optimal prospective prediction method for mortality within combat and humanitarian trauma. Materials and methods Retrospective review of the Department of Defense Trauma Registry from 2008 to 2016 was performed for adult patients. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were calculated to assess the predictability of shock index (SI), reverse SI × Glasgow Coma Scale (rSIG), SI × Glasgow Coma Scale (SIG), Revised Trauma Score, and Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) on mortality at point of injury, arrival in emergency department (ED), and the difference in vital signs between those time points. Results A total of 22,218 patients were included. Overall, 97.1% were male, median age range 25-29 y, Injury Severity Score 9.4 ± 0.07, with predominantly penetrating injuries (58.1%), and mortality of 3.4%. ED vitals yielded higher predictability of mortality for all tests based on higher AUROCs. TRISS and rSIG demonstrated the highest AUROCs (0.955 and 0.923, respectively). The optimal cutoff value for rSIG was 14.1 (sensitivity 89% and specificity 87%). rSIG values Conclusions Initial ED vital signs represented a better predictor of early mortality compared with point of injury vital signs for all predictive tools assessed. TRISS and rSIG proved to be most predictive of mortality. However, of the prospective tools assessed, rSIG may be optimal scoring tool because of its ease of calculation and its increased ability to predict mortality.
Transport coefficients in large N f gauge theory: testing hard thermal loops

We compute shear viscosity and flavor diffusion coefficients for ultra-relativistic gauge theory with many fermionic species, Nf >> 1, to leading order in 1/Nf. The calculation is performed both at leading order in the effective coupling strength g2Nf, using the Hard Thermal Loop (HTL) approximation, and completely to all orders in g2Nf. This constitutes a nontrivial test of how well the HTL approximation works. We find that in this context, the HTL approximation works well wherever the renormalization point sensitivity of the leading order HTL result is small.
Abstract IA45: Genomics contributors to tumor subtypes in African American prostate and breast cancer patients

African Americans suffer disproportionally in higher cancer incidence and worse overall survival in a number of cancer types. The reasons for the disparities are multifactorial and include differences in access to healthcare and lifestyle exposures, delayed disease diagnosis in socio-economically deprived communities, tumor biological differences, and factors related to genetics. Recent findings from multiple prostate and breast cancer genomics studies have identified subsets of ancestry associated genes that are associated with worse outcomes. Therefore, we will present an overview of these recent findings from our lab and others, specifically focusing on how these driver genes function a subset of tumors. Additionally, we will provide examples of how these ancestry-associated genes are integrated within regulatory networks, and discuss the possibility of ancestry specific subtypes promote aggressive disease in African American breast and prostate cancer patients. Citation Format: Clayton Yates. Genomics contributors to tumor subtypes in African American prostate and breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: Thirteenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2020 Oct 2-4. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA45.
Un estira y afloja: La definición de las reglas para la libre expresión en las plataformas de redes sociales

Este trabajo estudia la regulacion de la libre expresion en las redes sociales para evidenciar que existen dos tendencias encontradas. Una tendencia judicial en la Union Europea (UE) que busca que las leyes locales sobre libertad de expresion se apliquen mas alla de su jurisdiccion original para asi proteger mas efectivamente los derechos de sus gobernados. Otra tendencia, contradictoria, tambien dentro de la UE, consiste en adoptar leyes que delegan la funcion de moderar la libertad de expresion online a las plataformas de redes sociales. Esto revela que las mismas plataformas buscan fomentar esta tendencia adoptando esquemas privados de resolucion de conflictos relativos a la moderacion de contenidos para legitimar sus reglas privadas y probar que son garantia suficiente para los derechos fundamentales, y evitar esfuerzos gubernamentales de adopcion de regulacion mas estricta. Metodologicamente, el trabajo estudia ejemplos extraidos del actuar del Tribunal de Justicia de la Union Europea, de esfuerzos legislativos de la UE, y del Facebook Oversight Board. El objetivo es analizar dichas tendencias para resaltar sus consecuencias negativas. La principal contribucion del trabajo es evidenciar que estas tendencias resultan en un beneficio unicamente para las plataformas de redes sociales, que ven reforzada su posicion para regular la libertad de expresion en internet a traves de sus propias reglas privadas y unilaterales y para beneficio de sus intereses comerciales. Como argumentamos en nuestras conclusiones, esto va en detrimento de la libertad de expresion, que se ve sometido a reglas estandar y a una falsa universalizacion de este derecho.
The (re)activation of idiomatic expressions (La (re)activación de expresiones idiomáticas)

Two experiments examined meaning (re)activation of English idiomatic expressions by Spanish-dominant, English-dominant and balanced bilinguals. Participants listened to idiomatic expressions of the...
Jerusalem’s Lost Etymology: How Augustine Changed Latin Eschatology

This article analyzes the transition from one etymology for Jerusalem (“city of peace”) to another (“vision of peace”) in the late fourth century and the effects of this transition on the Latin eschatological tradition. My thesis is that Augustine’s conscious preference for the etymology of “vision of peace” over that of “city of peace” is motivated by the greater usefulness of “vision of peace” within his already established eschatological system that links vision with beatitude. Augustine’s preference for “vision of peace” influenced the eschatological trajectory of the Latin patristic and medieval tradition.
Septicemia of the newborn.

Experience with septicemia in 106 infants over a 25-year period has been reported. An almost 2:1 predominance of males was observed. In the first 10 years of this study, the Group A, beta hemolytic streptococcus was the predominant infecting organism, while in recent years infections with coliform organisms were the most common, although Group A streptococcal infections continue to occur. Significant numbers of those patients observed in the last 15 years were found to be infected with Ps. aeruginosa and with beta hemolytic streptococci of groups other than A. Fever, abdominal distention, icterus, and hepatomegaly were the most common clinical manifestations suggesting sepsis. However, in most patients the clinical picture was one of general, rather vague, systemic illness. Optimal therapy is based on vigorous search for the infecting organism and rapid initiation of intensive antibacterial therapy.
Lessons Learned in Developing Multiple Distributed Planning Systems for the International Space Station

The planning processes for the International Space Station (ISS) Program are quite complex. Detailed mission planning for ISS on-orbit operations is a distributed function. Pieces of the on-orbit plan are developed by multiple planning organizations, located around the world, based on their respective expertise and responsibilities. The pieces are then integrated to yield the final detailed plan that will be executed onboard the ISS. Previous space programs have not distributed the planning and scheduling functions to this extent. Major ISS planning organizations are currently located in the United States (at both the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)), in Russia, in Europe, and in Japan. Software systems have been developed by each of these planning organizations to support their assigned planning and scheduling functions. Although there is some cooperative development and sharing of key software components, each planning system has been tailored to meet the unique requirements and operational environment of the facility in which it operates. However, all the systems must operate in a coordinated fashion in order to effectively and efficiently produce a single integrated plan of ISS operations, in accordance with the established planning processes. This paper addresses lessons learned during the development of these multiple distributed planning systems, from the perspective of the developer of one of the software systems. The lessons focus on the coordination required to allow the multiple systems to operate together, rather than on the problems associated with the development of any particular system. Included in the paper is a discussion of typical problems faced during the development and coordination process, such as incompatible development schedules, difficulties in defining system interfaces, technical coordination and funding for shared tools, continually evolving planning concepts/requirements, programmatic and budget issues, and external influences. Techniques that mitigated some of these problems will also be addressed, along with recommendations for any future programs involving the development of multiple planning and scheduling systems. Many of these lessons learned are not unique to the area of planning and scheduling systems, so may be applied to other distributed ground systems that must operate in concert to successfully support space mission operations.
Interstitial occlusion of the fallopian tube: a consideration of its surgical treatment.

Abstract 1. 1. Partial resection and transplantation were performed on 21 patients with interstitial occlusion, including one patient who was operated upon for ruptured tubal pregnancy. 2. 2. Sixty-six per cent of these patients had at least one patent tube after operation. 3. 3. Simplified surgical technique, preoperative and postoperative use of antibiotics, and postponement of tubal insufflation until healing is complete are considered to be important factors in attaining success.
The formation of inter-organizational information sharing networks in public safety: Cartographic insights on rational choice and institutional explanations

In this article we offer visual depictions and analysis of contextual factors relative to the presence of public safety networks (PSNs) in the United States (US). A PSN combines shared technological infrastructures for supporting information sharing, computing interoperability and interagency interactions involving policing, criminal justice, and emergency response. The broad research objective is to explain the formation of PSNs based upon factors derived from rational choice and institutional theories. To do so we develop maps to represent our data analysis. This analysis suggests that our approach is promising for generating insights about PSNs and, by extension, about other types of inter-organizational collaborations focusing on using information and communication technologies to enable information-sharing.
Frailty in Older Men: Prevalence, Progression, and Relationship with Mortality

OBJECTIVES: To describe the association between frailty and health status, the progression of frailty, and the relationship between frailty and mortality in older men. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. SETTING: Six U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Five thousand nine hundred ninety-three community-dwelling men aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Frailty was defined as three or more of the following: sarcopenia (low appendicular skeletal mass adjusted for height and body fat), weakness (grip strength), self-reported exhaustion, low activity level, and slow walking speed. Prefrail men met one or two criteria; robust men had none. Follow-up averaged 4.7 years. RESULTS: At baseline, 240 subjects (4.0%) were frail, 2,395 (40.0%) were prefrail, and 3,358 were robust (56.0%). Frail men were less healthy in most measures of self-reported health than prefrail or robust men. Frailty was somewhat more common in African Americans (6.6%) and Asians (5.8%) than Caucasians (3.8%). At the second visit, men who were frail at baseline tended to remain frail (24.2%) or die (37.1%) or were unable to complete the follow-up visit (26.2%); robust men tended to remain robust (54.4%). Frail men were approximately twice as likely to die as robust men (multivariate hazard ratio (MHR)=2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.55–2.72). Mortality risk for frail men was greater in all weight categories than for nonfrail men but was highest for normal-weight frail men (MHR=2.39, 95% CI=1.51–3.79, P for interaction=.01). The relationship between frailty and mortality was somewhat stronger in younger men than older men (P for interaction=.01). CONCLUSION: Frailty in older men is associated with poorer health and a greater risk of mortality.
New Quality Metrics for Evaluating Process Models

In the context of business process intelligence, along with the need to extract a process model from a log, there is also the need to measure the quality of the extracted process model. Hence, process model quality notions and metrics are required. We present a systematic approach for developing quality metrics for block structured process models, which offer less expressive power than Petri-nets but have easier semantics. The metrics are based on tagging an initial block structured process model with self-loop and optional markings in order to explain all the instances in the given log. Then we transform the marked model to an equivalent maximal model by rewriting the self-loop and optional markings for consistency, and determine a badness score for it, which determines quality. Our approach is compared with related work, and a plan for testing and validation on noise-free and noisy data is discussed.
Loss balancing SVPWM for active NPC converters

This paper presents a novel loss balancing modulation method for more evenly distributing semiconductor losses in multilevel active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converters. The presented method is achieved by optimally utilizing the redundant switching states of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) in ANPC converters. A comparison of the effect of losses distribution between the proposed loss balancing SVPWM (LB-SVPWM) method and the conventional phase-shifted PWM (PS-PWM) methods is carried out in simulation. The effectiveness of the presented LB-SVPWM method is also verified in ANPC converters based on all-SiC MOSFETs. The results show that the proposed method can distribute the device losses more evenly, especially for all-SiC based ANPC converters, which can in turn improve the output power capacity and switching frequency. In addition, with utilization of the introduced loss balancing SVPWM method in ANPC converters, 15% higher output voltage and lower harmonic distortion can be achieved compared to PS-PWM modulated ANPC converters.
Scaling social life feelings by factor analysis of binary variables

This paper draws on D. J. Bartholomew's recent work on the factor analysis of categoric data, especially as it pertains to the scaling of social life feelings such as self-determination, trust, satisfaction. The logit-probit model and the probitprobit model were fitted to five items on trust in order to display their characteristics and to consider their utility. The Rasch model was fitted to the same data set in order to show its relation to the aforesaid Bartholomew factor models. Although recent work has put scaling by means of categoric responses on a surer statistical basis, it still leaves a variety of questions unanswered. Foremost among these is the question of whether latent variables are fact or fiction.
Mechanisms of thermal equilibration in doped amorphous silicon

Experimental and theoretical investigations of the mechanisms of thermal equilibration in n-type amorphous silicon are presented. The time, temperature, and doping dependence of the band-tail electron density is obtained from sweep-out experiments, and the dangling-bond and donor densities from photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), bias annealing, and C-V characteristic measurements. An important new result is that donors participate in the equilibration, and that the doping efficiency can be greatly enhanced by a depletion bias. Numerical modeling of the transport allows us to deduce the changes in the density of states and in the position of the Fermi energy, both in equilibrium and in the frozen-in state. The equilibrium state is derived by minimizing the free energy of the doped a-Si:H using a simple density-of-states model. With this approach, the electronic properties (doping efficiency, conductivity, Fermi energy, etc.) can be computed and are shown to be in fairly good agreement with all the experimental results, although the observed lack of temperature dependence of the dangling-bond density remains a puzzle. Further evidence is presented that hydrogen motion is the underlying mechanism of equilibration, and we develop a qualitative model to describe the bonding and movement of hydrogen, based on a distribution of weak Si-Si bonds.
Spectral Studies of Actinide Elements by Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) was applied to a spectral study of Th, U, Np, Am, and Cm in the wavelength region of 580-607 nm. One or more analytically useful RIMS peaks were observed for all these actinides except Cm. From the data presented, spectral interference among these elements can be assessed. Several new high-lying energy levels for these elements have been cataloged.
Permanent slides of freshly collected algae: a review of techniques

SUMMARY A number of techniques are given for preparing permanent slides of freshly collected algae. The methods reviewed are suitable for phytoplankton, delicate species, filamentous algae and marine samples. Included are traditional techniques using corn syrup or glycerin and also a new technique with a commercial histological product.
Endothelin-mediated constriction of prenodal lymphatic vessels in the canine forelimb

Abstract Endothelin is a 21 amino acid peptide which is produced by the vascular endothelium and is believed to be the mediator of endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction. In the current study we assessed the ability of synthetic human endothelin-1 to affect prenodal lymphatic vessel contractility in the canine forelimb. Intralymphatic infusion of endothelin at 1.09 · 10−9, 1.09 · 10−8 and 1.09 · 10−7 M significantly constricted lymphatic vessels as evidenced by dose-dependent increases in lymphatic perfusion pressure. The increase in lymphatic perfusion pressure seen during intralymphatic infusion of endothelin at 1.09 · 10−8 M during the intra-arterial infusion of phentolamine was not significantly different from that seen prior to phentolamine, indicating that endothelin-mediated lymphatic constriction is not α-receptor mediated. Intra-arterial infusion of endothelin at three infusion rates significantly increased forelimb arterial, systemic and lymphatic perfusion pressures. The constriction seen when endothelin (1.09 · 10−8 M) was infused intralymphatically in the intact lymphatic system was not significantly different from that observed when only the prenodal lymph vessel was perfused. This indicated that the lymph nodes and efferent lymph vessels do not contribute significantly to the lymphatic constriction produced by endothelin. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that endothelin may modulate lymphatic function under either normal or pathophysiological conditions.
On the measurement of the momentum of 19 GeV/ c electrons in a heavy liquid bubble chamber

Abstract The Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber was exposed to an electron beam of 19 GeV/c momentum. The chamber was filled with a heavy neon-hydrogen mixture (64% atomic Ne, 36% atomic H) and operated with a magnetic field of 3 T. The momentum of the electrons was determined from the bubble chamber pictures using two methods: (a) the measurement of the curvature of the electrons and their shower products, and (b) the measurement of the total track length of the electron and its shower. The momentum, as determined from curvature measurement of the primary electron and the e+e− pairs from the radiated gammas was 19.1±7.6 GeV/c.
Minimally Invasive Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Vaginal Prolapse

Stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse are prevalent conditions that can have detrimental effects on a woman's quality of life. Surgically, this has often been approached by means of a transvaginal route. With recent advances in laparoscopic and robotic instrumentation and operating systems, there is increasing interest in minimally invasive techniques for correction of pelvic organ prolapse. In this article, the authors briefly describe the laparoscopic and robotic approaches in terms of surgical techniques, operative anatomy, and results published in the literature.