cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Value of chest computed tomography in genitourinary malignancies

Fifty-one patients with genitourinary malignancies with normal chest x-ray films all had chest computerized tomography in an attempt to detect metastatic disease. One patient with a hypernephroma and another with a bladder carcinoma had metastatic nodules detected. One patient with a testicular tumor had a histologically confirmed benign nodule. Chest computerized tomography should be performed on patients with tumors that have a high likelihood of metastasizing to the lung.
Radiation therapy for chest wall recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy in a favorable subgroup of patients

Abstract Purpose: Long-term outcome after radiation therapy for local–regional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy is generally poor. This study was performed to evaluate the long-term outcome for a potentially favorable subgroup of patients with chest wall recurrence. Methods and Materials: Of 71 patients with an isolated local–regional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy, 18 were identified who met the following favorable selection criteria: 1) a disease-free interval after mastectomy of 2 years or more, 2) an isolated chest wall recurrence, and 3) tumor size Results: With a median follow-up of 8.4 years, nine of 18 patients were alive and free of disease. The 10-year actuarial overall and cause-specific survivals were 72% and 77%, respectively. The 10-year actuarial relapse-free survival and local control were 42% and 86%, respectively. Conclusion: Treatment for a local–regional recurrence of breast cancer after mastectomy in a favorable subgroup of patients results in a high rate of long-term survival as well as excellent local control. Aggressive treatment is warranted in this favorable subgroup of patients. 1998 Elsevier Science Inc.
Amitriptyline and nortriptyline response profiles in unipolar depressed patients

The relationship between steady-state plasma concentration and clinical response was studied in 22 hospitalized unipolar depressed patients. In a double-blind format the patients were randomly assigned to receive amitroptyline or nortriptyline. Dosage was adjusted based on plasma level with the aim of achieving a concentration of 60–180 ng/ml. By week 4 of treatment, 83% of amitriptyline patients and all nortriptyline patients were within the targeted plasma range. Based on final ratings of clinical state, the drug level adjustment improved the outcome for nortriptyline-treated patients, but not amitriptyline-treated patients. Nortriptyline patients with plasma levels of 60–230 mg/ml had lower Hamilton Rating Scale depression scores than patients outside that range. By contrast, amitriptyline plasma levels were not associated with depression ratings. After 1 week, patients treated with nortriptyline had a significantly greater mean reduction in Hamilton depression score, i.e., 55% compared to 25% for amitriptyline patients.
Long latency event-related potentials in rats : effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic depletions

Abstract The effects of serotonergic and dopaminergic depletions on event-related potentials (ERPs) generated by an auditory “oddball” paradigm were evaluated. Eighteen rats received either sham or six-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and were subsequently implanted with electrodes in the frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus (DHPC), and amygdala (AMYG). In these animals, a series of large amplitude potentials in the 10–200 ms latency range could be recorded from all the brain areas tested. In addition, late positivities (in the 300–400 ms range) were identified in DHPC and AMYG. 6-OHDA lesions to the VTA were found to produce a 30–46% reduction in dopamine, but did not significantly alter any of the ERP components. A second series of rats were implanted with electrodes in cortex and DHPC. These rats then received vehicle injections and subsequently injections of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA). PCPA produced a 50% depletion of serotonin concomitant with significant reductions in the negative components in the 50–100 ms range recorded in hippocampus and cortex. These studies support a role for serotonin but not dopamine in the processing of passively presented auditory stimuli and further suggest that the rat may be a good model for the exploration of long latency ERPs.
Wound healing, decay and chemical treatment of cut potato tuber tissue

Potato tuber tissue inoculated at cutting withFusarium spp. orErwinia carotovora and exposed to conditions favorable for infection did not heal rapidly enough to prevent decay. Seven days of wound healing at 20 C and high relative humidity prior to inoculation were necessary to provide protection againstFusarium and two days were required to protect againstErwinia. Histological examination of cut and chemically treated tuber tissue revealed that the wound healing process was only minimally affected by mancozeb, zineb-streptomycin, zineb-fir bark, captan, captan-mertect, captan-fir bark, and sodium hypochlorite. Ethylmercury p-toluene-sulfonanalide and pyrrolidine induced formation of discontinuous wound periderm after 21 days of healing. Streptomycin and captan-rhodamine had very detrimental effects on wound healing and suberin formation. In general, the seed-piece treatment chemicals tested had only minor effects on normal wound healing. It is concluded that wound healing alone may not be sufficient to controlFusarium caused seed piece decay and chemical treatment is recommended to provide protection until wound healing can occur. At least two days of wound healing are required for control of decay caused byErwinia carotovora.
The first hardware-based, anti-collision methodology for frequency doubling transceivers for RFID and wireless sensing applications

Presented herein is the first ever hardware based methodology for collision avoidance of multiple, frequency doubling transceivers. Frequency doubling transceivers have many advantages over other passive RFID systems, including their simplicity, size, and read range. The drawback of frequency doubling transceivers is the lack of a method for uniquely identifying a single tag when multiple tags are within read range of an interrogator, i.e. collision avoidance. Therefore, a methodology is developed which allows for the switching on and off of individual tags while maintaining a relatively simple and small structure. Measurement demonstrates a switching mechanism which requires -10 dBm of power in a control signal for over 30 dBm of attenuation in the transceivers doubled return power. Different modes of operation are demonstrated which allow for easier signal interrogation. Wireless measurements demonstrate the viability of the transceiver as part of an RFID system. Read range, and number of uniquely identifiable tags are covered in the conclusion.
Growth of Si whiskers on Au/Si(1 1 1) substrate by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)

Abstract The vapor–liquid–solid growth of Si whiskers from disilane has been studied in a gas source MBE system. The wire-like Si crystals are grown on Si(1 1 1) substrates in a temperature range of 600–800°C, a disilane pressure between 1×10 −4 and 1×10 −7 Torr, and using Au as a growth-promoting agent. The morphology of the Si whiskers is investigated. It is found that the growth rate of the vertical wires is independent of the wire diameter (i.e. whiskers with different diameters have the same growth rate). The growth rate of the wires in the vertical direction increases with increasing substrate temperature and disilane pressure, and is about 8–10 times larger than the growth rate of the planar film on the substrate and the width of the whiskers.
Inorganic Chemistry of Particulate Matter from the Nearshore Zone of Lake Michigan

Abstract Particulate matter from a nearshore region of southeastern Lake Michigan serves as a sink for trace metals and a conveyor of trace metals to the sediments. Fe, K, Mg, and Mn are always more concentrated in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion, and Ca, Cr, Cu, Na, Sr, Zn, and total P are generally more concentrated in the hypolimnion than in the epilimnion. Enrichment of these metals in the hypolimnion particulates is attributed to sediment resuspension. Comparison of trace metal concentrations in the particulates with those in phytoplankton and zooplankton indicates that the plankton are not a significant contributor to the trace metal particulate chemistry of this nearshore region. Significant fractions (33% to nearly 100%) of total Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in the water column are associated with particulates. During the warmer months, calcium carbonate precipitates. Particulate chemistry changes little with the CaCO 3 formation, with the exception of an increased amount of calcium. Variations in the concentrations of trace metals are controlled either by both dolomite and hydrated manganese oxides or by an unknown phase believed to be organic in nature.
A verification of Weber's law for visual discrimination of disc sizes in the Bering Sea spotted seal, Phoca largha.

Abstract Weber's Law applies to visual discrimination by spotted seals of discs of 0.96–5.57°. We obtained a value for Weber's fraction of 0026, which compares closely with the value of 0.029 reported for humans making visual line length discriminations. The likelihood of intensity discriminations contributing to these disc discrimination thresholds is low.
Large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions in a simplified coupled model of the midlatitude wintertime circulation

Midlatitude ocean-atmosphere interactions are studied in simulations from a simplified coupled model that includes synoptic-scale atmospheric variability, ocean current advection of SST, and air-sea heat exchange. Although theoretical dynamical ('identical twin') predictions using this model have shown that the SST anomalies in this model indeed influence the atmosphere, it is found here that standard cross correlation and empirical orthogonal function analyses of monthly mean model output yield the standard result, familiar from observational studies, that the atmosphere forces the ocean with little or no feedback. Therefore, these analyses are inconclusive and leave open the question of whether anomalous SST is influencing the atmosphere. In contrast, it is found that compositing strong warm events of model SST is a useful indicator of ocean forcing the atmosphere. Additional evidence is presented for oceanic influence on the atmosphere, namely, that ocean current advection appears to enhance the persistence of model SST anomalies through a feedback effect that is absent when only heat flux is allowed to influence SST anomaly evolution.
(Un)critically queer organizing: Towards a more complex analysis of LGBTQ organizing in Lebanon

In this article, I explore two contending claims in the literature on LGBTQ organizing in the Global South. Whereas some theorists argue that LGBTQ groups in the Global South uncritically apply “We...
Analytical Theory of Turbulent Diffusion

Recently Kraichnan (1959) has propounded a theory of homogeneous turbulence, based on a novel perturbation method, that leads to closed equations for the velocity covariance. In the present paper, this method is applied to the theory of turbulent diffusion and closed equations are derived for the probability distributions of the positions of marked fluid elements released in a turbulent flow.Two topics are discussed in detail. The first is the probability distribution, at time t, of the displacement of an element from its initial position. In homogeneous flows, this distribution is found to resemble that for classical diffusion but with a variable coefficient of diffusion which is proportional to is very sensitive to the spectrum.
Teen‐Age pregnancy in the Texas Borderlands

Nowhere in our nation are teenage pregnancy problems more acute than in the borderlands region of Texas with its chronically high ratio of school-age mothers. Fragmentary data show the enormity of the region's problems but no comprehensive state strategies nor funding priorities are forthcoming to deal with this crisis. This essay presents a descriptive overview of teen pregnancy in Texas and its borderlands. Then, by reconceptualizing teen pregnancy as a dynamic process rather than an event, preventive, interdictive and ameliorative solutions are examined within an overall strategy designed to help borderlands teens. To illustrate the combined effectiveness of a comprehensive approach, two current border programs (one preventive, the other ameliorative) will be examined showing how both make a positive impact on teen pregnancy problems in one border city, El Paso, Texas.
SUBCUTANEOUS MELODRAMA The Work of Eija-Liisa Ahtila

�� innish filmmaker and visual artist Eija-Liisa Ahtila is one of the most prominent practitioners of the vibrant Nordic art scene to emerge in the 1990s. Trained in art and film in her native Helsinki, as well as in London and Los Angeles, and currently completing her doctorate in fine arts at the Academy of Fine Arts in Helsinki, Ahtila makes work that is smart in theory and practice. Smart, emotionally arresting, engaging, affective. A self-described “teller of human dramas,” she approaches narrative equipped with a rigorous arsenal of postmodern strategies ranging in scope from critiques of the global communications network and post-structuralist investigations of volatile subjectivity to feminist and postfeminist concerns with subject construction. One of her most potent tools, however, is a two-centuries-old dramatic genre of proven emotional reach and punch, melodrama. Historically disdained as “low” art and more recently, and exhaustively, interrogated by film theorists as a site and vehicle of feminine erasure, in terms of both representation and spectatorship, melodrama is a provocative and savvy narrative device for a contemporary (female) artist telling stories in the language of the cinema. Evolving as a byproduct of the French Revolution, melodrama is a hybrid genre combining speech with the traditional mute boulevard entertainments of mime, music, and spectacle. Banned from popular stages by a ruling aristocracy deservedly wary of the insurgent potential of an uncensored people’s theatre, spoken texts became the exclusive privilege of officially sanctioned, upper-class theatres, and conformed in style to the neo-classicism favored by the well-educated elite. With the new democracy, common people found political voice, and reclaimed it for the theatre as well. Melodrama’s first audiences included active players and firsthand witnesses of the Revolution’s real life-and-death dramas, its bloody warfare and grisly public executions. They were unlikely to find neo-classicism’s highly refined, static, literary artifice satisfying. A new dramatic form for spoken theatre was required, one exhilarating enough to captivate a highly charged, post-revolutionary society in dire need of direction in its newly democratized life. Emotionally vivid, visually stunning, easily accessible, morally mindful—these fundamental attributes of melodrama, forged in the revolution marking the advent of the modern age, prevail
A Scaling Parameter for the Thrust Generation of Flapping Flexible Wings

Thrust generation and scaling parameters for flapping flexible wings are investigated using an integrated framework of computational fluid dynamics and structural dynamics solvers. To explore the influences of the density ratio and the effective stiffness on the thrust generation, surrogate models have been generated for a flapping thin isotropic flat Zimmerman wing in still air at = 1.5×10 3 . Time averaged thrust, bending angle, and twist show qualitatively similar behavior and increased with higher ratio between the density ratio and effective stiffness. Flexibility-induced twisting in the wing promotes the thrust generation. To further investigate the flexibility-induced thrust enhancement, plunging chordwise flexible airfoils in forward flight at = 9.0×10 3 in water are considered. Time averaged thrust increases with larger airfoil thickness, however the thinnest airfoil responded with degradation in performance when motion frequency becomes high. Finally, unified scaling parameters are proposed based on properly normalized governing equations and give a priori order of magnitude estimation of the time averaged thrust and the degree of fluid-structure coupling. The results show that these scaling parameters, given as combinations of the wing geometry, structural properties, and the motion amplitude and frequency, can be applied for both cases with different motion type, Reynolds number, and the fluid medium.
REACTION OF WATER WITH GLASS: INFLUENCE OF A TRANSFORMED SURFACE LAYER

Profiles of hydrogen and glass constituents were measured by nuclear reaction techniques in a number of silicate glasses after hydration. The results were interpreted in terms of interdiffusion of alkali and hydronium ions, including the possibility of a transformed surface layer. Durable glasses such as a commercial soda-lime and caesium-alkali-lime glasses did not have a transformed layer, whereas less durable glasses, such as a soda-lime without alumina and a sodium-potassium-lime, did have a transformed surface layer. When a transformed layer is incorporated in the interdiffusion model, the diffusion coefficient of sodium calculated is the same as found in the dry glass.
Development and Validation of a Foreign Language Attitude Scale

The present studies examined the validity of a new foreign language attitude scale (FLAS). One study compared the validity coefficients of the FLAS with those of ability predictors. The FLAS was correlated .25 with college foreign language (FL) grades, while being essentially orthogonal to most ability predictors. High school GPA was correlated .50 with FL grades. The correlations of FL grades with the total scores and subtest scores on the Modern Language Aptitude Test ranged from .12 to .44. College Board Scholastic Aptitude Verbal and Mathematics sub-test scores were not significantly related to FL grades. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that the FLAS made a significant contribution to the prediction of FL grades. In a second study with a different sample of college students, correlations between the FLAS and standardized measures of FL reading and listening proficiency were in the middle .40s. Although further research is needed, the present findings suggest that the moderate relationship betwe...
Preparation and Properties of Calcium Zirconate

The preparation of CaZrO3 by solid-state reactions at 1450° to 2000°C. is described. A very stable material was formed by the reaction of CaCO3 and ZrO2, in equimolar proportions, at a final temperature of 1850°C. Lattice constant values for this material agreed with data reported by previous investigators. The linear coefficient of thermal expansion for CaZrO8 over the temperature range 25° to 1300°C. was found to be 11.5 × 10−6 per °C. Specimens of CaZrO3 were compatible with ZrO2, MgO, Al2O3, and BeO but reacted with SiC and mullite.
A system for the simultaneous detection of twenty positron — Emitting sources☆

Abstract A detection system has been constructed for counting simultaneously the positrons emitted from twenty radioactive sources. The system features (1) high efficiency of detection (20%), (2) low background ( 1 3 counts per minute ), (3) insensitivity to source thickness and geometry, and (4) complete discrimination against beta-decay electrons and gamma rays not emitted in cascade.
Motivational State and Reward Content Determine Choice Behavior under Risk in Mice

Risk is a ubiquitous feature of the environment for most organisms, who must often choose between a small and certain reward and a larger but less certain reward. To study choice behavior under risk in a genetically well characterized species, we trained mice (C57BL/6) on a discrete trial, concurrent-choice task in which they must choose between two levers. Pressing one lever (safe choice) is always followed by a small reward. Pressing the other lever (risky choice) is followed by a larger reward, but only on some of the trials. The overall payoff is the same on both levers. When mice were not food deprived, they were indifferent to risk, choosing both levers with equal probability regardless of the level of risk. In contrast, following food or water deprivation, mice earning 10% sucrose solution were risk-averse, though the addition of alcohol to the sucrose solution dose-dependently reduced risk aversion, even before the mice became intoxicated. Our results falsify the budget rule in optimal foraging theory often used to explain behavior under risk. Instead, they suggest that the overall demand or desired amount for a particular reward determines risk preference. Changes in motivational state or reward identity affect risk preference by changing demand. Any manipulation that increases the demand for a reward also increases risk aversion, by selectively increasing the frequency of safe choices without affecting frequency of risky choices.
Pressure (mechanical) effects in infrared tissue ablation

We experimentally demonstrate that the acoustic transients propagating as a result Free-Electron Laser (FEL) ablation in brain tissue exhibit a strong FEL wavelength dependence. These acoustic transients were measured with a time-resolved, polarization quadrature laser interferometer. The transients are multiphased, with displacements of tens of microns and durations of tens of milliseconds. We calculated the Fourier transforms, power spectra, and pressure transients based on these displacement data sets. For 3.0 μm irradiation, the bandwidth of the Fourier components extends to ~20 kHz, while for 6.45 μm irradiation the bandwidth of the Fourier components extend to ~8 kHz. For the 3.0 μm irradiation, the power spectra indicate acoustic energy propagates in the bandwidth up to ~12 kHz, with structure in the 1-4 kHz range. For the 6.45 μm radiation, the mechanical power spectra indicate the acoustic energy propagates in the bandwidth up to ~7 kHz, with structure throughout. The pressure transients resulting from 3.0 μm irradiation have a leading phase with a faster onset, shorter duration, and more than ten times the peak pressure compared to that observed in pressure transients resulting from 6.45 μm irradiation. For 3.0 μm irradiation, the observed pressure transients have peak pressures in the MPa range and durations of ~1 ms, while for 6.45 μm irradiation the pressure transients have peak pressures in the 0.1 MPa range and durations of about ~3 ms.
The present status of cooling limbs in preparation for surgical procedures

F REDERICK ALLEN, his co-workers, and others, have suff%ientIy demonstrated the fact that Iimbs after COOL ing may be amputated without any other anesthetic. This procedure has now been used on a large’series of cases, and it has been shown beyond doubt that ampu$.ation is Iess shocking, the mortality rate IS far lower, and the resuIts are as satisfactory as are obtained by any other method. In preparing a case for amputation, the folIowing steps are taken: A tourniquet is appIied to a Iimb, high above the site of contempIated amputation. The Iimb is then immersed in ice-water, or is surrounded with shaved ice, to just above the contempIated site of amputation. After one to three hours, the Iimb may be amputated at the site of eIection, without recourse to any anesthetic except that provided by the chiIIing. Patients undergoing amputation by this method have no pain, the operation is practicaIIy bIoodIess and shock is greatIy diminished. It wouId seem that this method wouId have wide application in war surgery. Allen has further suggested that with prompt cooIing of Iimbs the ti.me limit in which emboIectomy can be performed can be Iengthened far beyond four hours. AIIen bases this statement on the fact that he has shown experimentaIIy that cooIing Iimbs subjected to IocaI asphyxia by tourniquet or by ligating great vesseIs greatIy proIongs the time a tourniquet can be left on a Iimb with resuItant recovery when the constrictor is removed. The above method of cooIing Iimbs to be foIIowed by amputation has been used principaIIy in the treatment of poor risk patients, with diabetic or arteriosclerotic gangrene. Some time ago I reported two cases as foIIows :
Knowledge versus National Security: The Case of Androscoggin High School.

As instructional leaders, principals often make curriculum decisions that balance their community's need for knowledge with the nation's need for knowledge workers. Across the country, school administrators are searching for funding and effective means of infusing more technology, foreign language learning, and global perspectives instruction into the curriculum. Government and business leaders tout such skills as being critical to 21st century economic growth and, in the post—9/11 world, national security. In this case, a high school principal, having attempted to address community and national needs, stands accused of having caused a serious security threat.
Protein modification and its biological role

The modifications present on a polypeptide play an important role in determining its eventual fate. Modifications, particularly proteolysis, are important in the generation of biological activity. Modifications are used to "target" particular polypeptides to specific cellular locations. Protein modification also plays a role in determining the rate of polypeptide degradation. Cells have developed elaborate systems for the modification of their proteins because these modifications serve important biological functions.
There’s more to the working memory capacity—fluid intelligence relationship than just secondary memory

The present study examined the claim that secondary memory processes account for the correlation between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence via a latent variable analysis. In the present study, participants performed multiple measures of secondary memory, working memory capacity, and fluid intelligence. Structural equation modeling suggested that both secondary memory and working memory capacity account for unique variance in fluid intelligence. These results are inconsistent with recent claims that working memory capacity does not account for variance in fluid intelligence over and above what is accounted for by secondary memory. Rather, the results are consistent with models of working memory capacity that suggest that both maintenance and retrieval processes are needed to account for the substantial relation between working memory capacity and fluid intelligence.
Advanced Categorical Statistics: Issues and Applications in Communication Research

Communication scholars frequently use cross-tabulation and chi-square analysis in conducting research. Advanced categorical statistics such as log-linear modeling and logistic regression analysis are less often employed. This article addresses the use of advanced analyses, focusing on their application and why they are important tools. Because variables are examined simultaneously, for instance, log-linear and logistic regression procedures allow scholars to fit both theoretically driven and mathematically parsimonious models to the data under study and to avoid making statistical errors common to bivariate comparisons
A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial that Combines Disulfiram and Naltrexone for Treating Co-Occurring Cocaine and Alcohol Dependence

Abstract Background This is a double blind, placebo-controlled trial that evaluated the efficacy of disulfiram, naltrexone and their combination in patients with co-occurring cocaine and alcohol dependence. Methods 208 patients were randomized to disulfiram (250 mg/day), naltrexone (100 mg/day), the combination, or placebo for 11 weeks. Outcomes were in-trial abstinence from cocaine and/or alcohol. Results Few safety concerns were reported, although medication adherence was low in a number of patients for both medications, alone or in combination. In the primary analyses (GEE modeling), abstinence from cocaine as measured by cocaine-negative urines and days of self-reported abstinence from cocaine or alcohol did not differ between placebo and any of the medication groups. However, patients taking disulfiram (alone or in combination) were most likely to achieve combined abstinence from cocaine and alcohol. Secondary analyses revealed that patients taking the disulfiram–naltrexone combination were most likely to achieve 3 consecutive weeks of abstinence from cocaine and alcohol. Conclusion There was an association between disulfiram treatment and abstinence from cocaine and alcohol. More patients taking the disulfiram–naltrexone combination achieved 3 consecutive weeks of abstinence in treatment than placebo-treated patients.
Testing Efficacy in Determination of Recurrent Supraventricular Tachycardia among Subjectively Symptomatic Children Following “Successful” Ablation

Background Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in children can be successfully terminated using catheter ablation techniques; however, chronic, true success may be less. Sensed tachycardia (ST) is common following ablation and the differentiation from true arrhythmia recurrences can be challenging. Methods Records of all patients ≤18 years who underwent successful ablation for simple forms of SVT and followed-up for at least a year between 2002 and 2012 were reviewed. Patients with congenital heart disease, atrial muscle tachycardia, and associated ventricular tachycardia were excluded. The diagnostic utility of commonly performed tests was assessed. Results Among the 205 eligible subjects, 202 underwent successful ablation (98.5%), of who five were lost to follow-up before 1 year. The early success rate (6 weeks postablation) and mid-term success rate (1 year postablation) were high (97.5% and 87.4%, respectively) whereas the chronic success (5 years postablation) was only 75%. Although true arrhythmia recurrence was significantly higher in the young (mean 11.5 years vs 13.5 years, P = 0.03) and males (P = 0.02), the presence of diffuse, right-sided fibers was the only independent predictor of true recurrence (odds ratio = 2.7, P = 0.03, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 6.8). Significant ST was reported by 111 patients (56%). The 30-day ambulatory event monitor had the highest sensitivity (71%) when compared to exercise test (19%) and electrocardiogram (24%) in identifying true arrhythmia recurrence. Conclusions Acute and early success may not guarantee chronic ablation success. Postablation, symptomatic patients can be most effectively evaluated using ambulatory event monitoring; however, true recurrence may still be missed and requires closer monitoring.
Equating accelerometer estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: In search of the Rosetta Stone

Abstract No universally accepted ActiGraph accelerometer cutpoints for quantifying moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) exist. Estimates of MVPA from one set of cutpoints cannot be directly compared to MVPA estimates using different cutpoints, even when the same outcome units are reported (MVPA min d–1). The purpose of this study was to illustrate the utility of an equating system that translates reported MVPA estimates from one set of cutpoints into another, to better inform public health policy. Secondary data analysis. ActiGraph data from a large preschool project (N = 419, 3–6-yr-olds, CHAMPS) was used to conduct the analyses. Conversions were made among five different published MVPA cutpoints for children: Pate (PT), Sirard (SR), Puyau (PY), Van Cauwengerghe (VC), and Freedson Equation (FR). A 10-fold cross-validation procedure was used to develop prediction equations using MVPA estimated from each of the five sets of cutpoints as the dependent variable, with estimated MVPA from one of the other four sets of cutpoints (e.g., PT MVPA predicted from FR MVPA). The mean levels of MVPA for the total sample ranged from 22.5 (PY) to 269.0 (FR) min d−1. Across the prediction models (5 total), the median proportion of variance explained (R2) was 0.76 (range 0.48–0.97). The median absolute percent error was 17.2% (range 6.3–38.4%). The prediction equations developed here allow for direct comparisons between studies employing different ActiGraph cutpoints in preschool-age children. These prediction equations give public health researchers and policy makers a more concise picture of physical activity levels of preschool-aged children.
Regional structure and kinematic history of the Cordilleran fold-thrust belt in northwestern Montana, USA

The Cordilleran thrust belt of northwestern Montana (United States) has received much less attention than its counterparts in the western interior of USA and Canada. The structure of the thrust belt in this region is well preserved and has not been strongly overprinted by Cenozoic extension, providing an opportunity to reconstruct its geometry and to relate it to the foreland basin system. The thrust belt in this region consists of a frontal part of highly deformed Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleocene sedimentary rocks, and a western region dominated by a >15-km-thick succession of Proterozoic Belt Supergroup strata underlain by faults of the Lewis thrust system. The frontal part can be subdivided into the foothills and the Sawtooth Range. At the surface, the foothills show deformed Mesozoic and Paleocene rocks; at depth, refl ection seismic data indicate numerous thrust faults carrying Paleozoic strata. The Sawtooth Range, south from the Lewis thrust salient, is defi ned by steeply dipping imbricate thrusts that detach at the basal Cambrian stratigraphic level. The Sawtooth Range plunges northward beneath the Lewis thrust salient and diverges into a pair of independent thrust systems that form the Flathead and Waterton duplexes in Canada. The relatively minor internal deformation in the western part of the thrust belt resulted from the great rheological strength of the Belt Supergroup rocks and initial high taper of the preorogenic stratigraphic wedge. A new ~145-km-long balanced cross section indicates ~135 km of shortening, a value similar to that in the southern part of the Canadian thrust belt. Previous work and new conventional and isotopic provenance data from the foreland basin and U-Pb ages from crosscutting intrusive rocks establish a preliminary kinematic model for this segment of the Cordilleran thrust belt. The emerging pattern is a relatively simple forelandward progression of thrusting events. Most shortening in the Lewis thrust system, Sawtooth Range, and foothills occurred roughly between mid-Campanian and Early Eocene time (ca. 75‐52 Ma), yielding a shortening rate of ~5.9 mm/yr. This pattern differs from the pattern of shortening in the better known Sevier thrust belt to the south, where regional far-traveled Proterozoic quartzitebearing thrust sheets were mainly active during Early Cretaceous time. From Middle Eocene to Early Miocene time, this sector of the Cordillera collapsed, generating a number of extensional depocenters.
Open Distributed Computing-an overview of the architecture

Open Distributed Computing is Hewlett-Packard's solution to cooperative computing in a multi-vendor, heterogeneous environment. A set of architectural specifications we call the overall architecture guides the implementation of such an enterprise information processing system. This document summarizes the three main components of the overall Architecture-User Roles, the Hewlett-Packard Open Distributed Computing Architectural Framework and IT Processes. If introduces the Architectural Framework and Reference Architectures. >
Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Large-Scale Freestanding Nanoparticle Membranes

Thin-film membranes consisting of nanoparticles are of interest in applications ranging from nanosieves to electric, magnetic, or photonic devices and sensors. However, the fabrication of large-scale membranes in a simple but controlled way has remained a challenge, due to the limited understanding of their mechanical properties. Systematic experiments on ultrathin, freestanding nanoparticle membranes of different core materials, core sizes, and capping ligands are reported. The results demonstrate that a drying-mediated self-assembly process can be used to create close-packed monolayer membranes that span holes tens of micrometers in diameter. Containing up to approximately 10(7) particles, these freely suspended layers exhibit remarkable mechanical properties with Young's moduli of the order of several GPa, independent of membrane size. Comparison of three different core-ligand combinations suggests that the membrane's elastic response is set by how tightly the ligands are bound to the particle cores and by the ligand-ligand interactions.
Stereotype threat and inflexible perseverance in problem solving

a b s t r a c t The present research examines whether women burdened by stereotype threat, a threat of confirming negative ingroup stereotypes (Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(5), 797‐811), are less able to abandon old strategies and employ newer, more efficient ones when conditions change. In two studies, stereotype threat was found to increase inflexible perseverance: women made to believe they were taking a diagnostic math/spatial ability test, compared to those not threatened by stereotypes, were more likely to use previously successful but presently inefficient or incorrect strategies. In Study 1, participants under stereotype threat also suppressed relevant stereotypes to the greatest degree, and their inflexible perseverance was predicted by the degree to which they suppressed these stereotypes. Implications for test performance and potential decision-making effects of stereotype threat are discussed.
The Transracial Adoption Paradox History, Research, and Counseling Implications of Cultural Socialization

The number of transracial adoptions in the United States, particularly international adoptions, is increasing annually. Counseling psychology as a profession, however, is a relatively silent voice in the research on and practice of transracial adoption. This article presents an overview of the history and research on transracial adoption to inform counseling psychologists of the set of racial and ethnic challenges and opportunities that transracial adoptive families face in everyday living. Particular attention is given to emergent theory and research on the cultural socialization process within these families.
Wave Propagation in Stratified Absorbing or Amplifying Media

Solutions are found to the wave equations that describe the steady-state propagation of electromagnetic radiation through an isotropic inhomogeneous medium capable of an irreversible exchange of energy with the radiation field. These solutions are obtained for media in which the inhomogeneity consists of a slow variation of the relevant material parameters along one particular direction in space. The mechanism by means of which energy is dissipated in matter may involve the conductivity of the medium, or by magneticor electric-dipole allowed transitions in the medium.
Radioimmunotherapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma

There are estimated to be 60,920 new cases of renal carcinoma in the United States in 2011, with an associated annual mortality of 13,120 [1]. On presentation, approximately 70% of renal cortical tumors are confined to the kidney and 30% either present with, or later develop, metastatic disease [2]. The majority of cases (70%) are now discovered incidentally during the course of a cross-sectional imaging procedure obtained for other purposes [3]. The median tumor size is approximately 4 cm, well within safe limits for partial nephrectomy when technically feasible. Recent data demonstrate that 50–70% represent the more aggressive conventional clear cell carcinoma [4].
Psychological distress among postpartum mothers of preterm infants and associated factors: a neglected public health problem

Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress among postpartum Arab mothers of preterm or low birth weight (LBW) infants and to identify maternal characteristics that can predict psychological distress among mothers of preterm infants. Methods: A hospital-based study was conducted. A representative sample of 2,091 postpartum mothers was surveyed and 1,659 women (79.3%) gave their consent to participate in the study. The study was based on a face-to-face interview with a designed questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, medical history, and maternal characteristics. Depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: In the study sample, 10.2% of the postpartum mothers had preterm/LBW infants. Depression (29.4 vs. 17.3%) and anxiety (26.5 vs. 11.6%) were significantly more common among mothers of preterm births compared to mothers of full term infants (p , 0.001). The risk of depression in mothers of preterm/LBW infants was two times the risk in mothers of full term infants, while the risk of anxiety was 2.7 times in mothers of preterm/LBW infants than in mothers of full term infants. Young mothers and those who had less than secondary education (42.0 vs. 21.7%; p = 0.007) and lower monthly household income (72.0 vs. 53.3%; p = 0.024) were more depressed and anxious after the preterm birth when compared with mothers of full term infants. Psychological distress was higher in mothers with history of preterm birth (30.0 vs. 21.7%) and delivery complications (52.0 vs. 33.3%). Conclusions: We found a greater risk of depression and anxiety in mothers of preterm births than in mothers of full term infants. Our analysis revealed that depressed and anxious women of preterm infants were younger, less educated, had a lower body weight and low household income than nondepressed and non-anxious women.
Divide and conquer: A basis for augmenting a conventional query optimizer with multiple query-processing capabilities

An approach for adding a new component without radically changing an existing single-query optimizer (SQO) is proposed. A new way of organizing the strategy space of a set of queries being optimized is proposed for developing a multiple-query optimizer (MQO) architecture. The architecture relies on the generation of two strategy spaces using subsumption and equivalence of subexpressions at the logical level. Heuristics for pruning the space of multistrategies are also presented. It is shown that the partitioned organisation of the strategy space not only reduces the size of the strategy space but also lends itself to division of labor, thereby leading to a simpler MQO design. Clear separation of the module specific to multistrategy generation provides an easy migration path from SQOs to MQOs. In the decomposition algorithm, selections are propagated down the operator tree (counterintuitively) enabling the detection and creation of larger common subexpressions. >
Modulation of Nuclear Shape by Substrate Rigidity

The nucleus is mechanically coupled to the three cytoskeletal elements in the cell via linkages maintained by the LINC complex (for Linker of Nucleoskeleton to Cytoskeleton). It has been shown that mechanical forces from the extracellular matrix (ECM) can be transmitted through the cytoskeleton to the nuclear surface. Here we quantified nuclear shape in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts on polyacrylamide gels with a controlled degree of cross-linking. On soft substrates with a Young’s modulus of 0.4 kPa, the nucleus appeared rounded in its vertical cross-section, while on stiff substrates (308 kPa), the nucleus appears more flattened. Over-expression of dominant negative Klarsicht ANC-1 Syne Homology (KASH) domains, which disrupts the LINC complex, eliminated the sensitivity of nuclear shape to substrate rigidity; myosin inhibition had similar effects. GFP-KASH4 over-expression altered the rigidity dependence of cell motility and cell spreading. Taken together, our results suggest that nuclear shape is modulated by substrate rigidity-induced changes in actomyosin tension, and that a mechanically integrated nucleus-cytoskeleton is required for rigidity sensing. These results are significant because they suggest that substrate rigidity can potentially control nuclear function and hence cell function.
Feasibility of expanding NEISS-AIP to create a scientific database on violence and disability

Abstract Background This study identifies a feasible approach to an evidence-based source of information about violence and disability. Objective The purpose was to determine the feasibility of using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) to collect data about violence and disability, by identifying intentional injuries of patients with disabilities in NEISS hospital emergency departments. Methods Protocols were developed for collecting information about essential variables on violence and disability, training of NEISS hospital coordinators and emergency department staff, and evaluating the procedures by NEISS hospital coordinators. Ten NEISS hospital emergency departments were selected at random from the total of 64 NEISS hospitals. The protocols were applied in a data collection effort of 6 months. The data were weighted and sent to the researcher for further examination and analysis. Feasibility was determined by the evidence provided by the data collection and analysis and examination of the program evaluation questionnaire completed by each of the NEISS hospital coordinators. Results Inspection of the data and the evaluations completed by the NEISS hospital coordinators supported the feasibility of the study with a recommendation for more intense training to better categorize the type of disabilities in the future study population. Conclusions The utilization of NEISS-AIP for the purpose of developing a more scientific database on violence and disability with capability of providing national estimates is feasible. Based on this feasibility study, the researcher will move to the next stage of an expanded study.
Febuxostat: A Selective Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Hyperuricemia and Gout

Objective To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trial data, safety profile, precautions, and place in therapy of febuxostat, a novel nonpurine xanthine oxidase inhibitor in development for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Data sources Available studies and abstracts were identified through MEDLINE (1990-November 2006), Science Citation Index, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Cochrane Databases, and the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism Web sites. Key search terms were febuxostat, TMX-67, TEI-6720, hyperuricemia, and gout. Study selection and data extraction All available studies describing the pharmacology of febuxostat were included. Human studies formed the basis for discussion of clinical parameters, including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of febuxostat. Data synthesis Febuxostat significantly reduces uric acid levels within 2 weeks after initiation of therapy and up to 48% by the end of 104 weeks of therapy. Approximately 60% of patients achieved the primary goal of serum uric acid less than 6 mg/dL during the last 3 months following once-daily administration of febuxostat 80 mg or 120 mg for at least 52 weeks. The most common adverse reactions to febuxostat were abnormal results from liver function tests, diarrhea, headache, arthralgias, and musculoskeletal symptoms. Due to its potency, patients are at an increased risk of experiencing gout flares for at least the first year of therapy. Up to 70% of patients in clinical trials experienced gout flares despite concomitant prophylactic treatment with colchicine or naproxen. Additional clinical trial evidence supports the efficacy and safety of febuxostat in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. Conclusions Febuxostat is a promising alternative to allopurinol for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. The optimal length of prophylactic therapy, clinical significance of abnormal liver function tests results during therapy, and safety in patients with moderate or severe renal insufficiency warrant further investigation.