cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a new mechanism for targeting myosin II heavy chain phosphorylation by Dictyostelium myosin heavy chain kinase B

Background: Heavy chain phosphorylation plays a central role in regulating myosin II bipolar filament assembly in Dictyostelium, as well as in higher eukaryotic nonmuscle cells. Our previous work has demonstrated that the WDrepeat domain of Dictyostelium myosin II heavy chain kinase B (MHCK-B), unlike its counterpart in MHCK-A, is not absolutely required for targeting of the kinase to phosphorylate MHC. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that an asparagine-rich and structurally disordered region that is unique to MHCK-B can by itself function in substrate targeting. Findings: Biochemical assays comparing the activities of full-length MHCK-B, a truncation lacking only the WDrepeat domain (B-Δ-WD), and a truncation lacking both the N-rich region and the WD-repeat domain (B-Δ-N-WD) revealed that the N-rich region targets MHCK-B to phosphorylate MHC in a manner that leads to bipolar filament disassembly. This targeting is physiologically relevant since cellular over-expression of the B-Δ-WD truncation, but not the B-Δ-N-WD truncation, leads to dramatically reduced levels of myosin II filament assembly and associated defects in cytokinesis and multicellular development. Conclusions: The results presented here demonstrate that an intrinsically unstructured, and asparagine-rich, region of a MHCK-B can mediate specific targeting of the kinase to phosphorylate myosin II heavy chain. This targeting involves a direct binding interaction with myosin II filaments. In terms of regulating myosin bipolar filament assembly, our results suggest that factors affecting the activity of this unique region of MHCK-B could allow for regulation of MHCK-B in a manner that is distinct from the other MHCKs in Dictyostelium.
The Influence of Physical Movement on the Perception of Musical Performance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of physical movement on listeners' perception of musical performance. Participants ( N = 112) rated a professional pianist performing with a recorded musical excerpt under three physical movement conditions: `no movement', `head and facial movement' and `full body movement'. Relationships between these physical movement conditions and the musical elements of phrasing, dynamics, rubato and overall performance were also investigated. Results indicated the pianist's physical movements significantly increased participants' ratings of the performances. Additionally, as the pianist's physical movements increased, so did the participants' ratings of phrasing, dynamics, rubato and overall musical performance. No significant differences were found between levels of training or for gender.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in health and disease

Unfolded proteins and other conditions affecting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis cause ER stress. The cell reacts to ER stress by activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which induces profound changes in cellular metabolism including general translation attenuation, transcriptional upregulation of molecular chaperone genes, and activation of ER-associated degradation. However, prolonged or acute ER stress results in cell death. Recent progress suggests that ER stress and UPR play key roles in the immune response, diabetes, tumor growth under hypoxic conditions, and in some neurodegenerative diseases. Further research on ER stress and UPR will greatly enhance the understanding of these physiological and pathological processes, and provide novel avenues to potential therapies.
The J and M Integrals and Energy of Two Unequal Collinear Cracks

The energetics of two unequal-length collinear cracks for modes- I, II, III is considered. The analysis is performed for remote uniform load normal to the plane of cracks by applying the J and M path-independent integrals and the relationship between them. The material forces for each crack as well as the total crack energy of the system are evaluated. The exact closed form solution to this interaction problem is expressed as a function of cracks’ dimensions and spacing between them. The expression derived for the energy of interaction between a main crack and a nearby microcrack can be used for an estimate of the toughness degradation due to microcracks. Another application of the two-crack energy solution is related to the elastic compliance of cracked solids relevant for the cases when crack faces are in contact along certain areas.
Interpolants within Convex Polygons: Wachspress' Shape Functions

During the 1970s, Wachspress developed shape functions for convex n-gons as polynomials of n-2 degree divided by the one of n-3. Originated from projective geometry these interpolants are linear on the sides and can exactly reproduce arbitrary linear fields. Here an alternative derivation is presented. The wide availability of computer algebra programs makes these high accuracy elements accessible. Associated C++ codes are particularly suited for large scale finite element analysis employed in the aerospace industry.
Consensus protocols for networked multiagent systems with a uniformly continuous quasi-resetting architecture

The consensus problem appears frequently in coordination of multiagent systems in science and engineering, and involves the agreement of networked agents upon certain quantities of interest. In this paper, we focus on a new consensus protocol for networked multiagent systems using a resetting control architecture. Specifically, the control protocol consists of a delayed feedback, quasi-resetting control law such that controller resettings occur when the relative state measurements between an agent and its neighboring agents are zero. In contrast to standard impulsive resetting controllers, the proposed resetting is uniformly continuous, and hence, our approach does not require any well-posedness assumptions imposed by impulsive resetting controllers. In addition, using a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, it is shown that the multiagent system reaches asymptotic state equipartitioning, where the system steady-state is uniformly distributed over the system initial conditions. Finally, we develop L∞ transient performance guarantees while accounting for system overshoot and excessive control effort.
Research Article: Institutional Problems Facing Environmental Decision Makers in Local, State, and Other Subnational Governments

This paper describes seven institutional problems that plague subnational public sector environmental decision making. These problems are: (1) turnover among decision process participants, (2) difficulties in building and maintaining expertise in government, (3) lack of credibility of participants in environmental decision making processes, (4) difficult relationships between government and the public, (5) difficult relationships among state/regional/federal governments, (6) lack of institutional support for decision makers, and (7) difficulties in making decisions under high degrees of uncertainty. These findings were drawn through extensive and intensive interactions with people engaged in environmental decision making through their roles in government, the private sector, and the nonprofit sector. It can be argued that these types of institutional problems now overwhelm other factors traditionally thought to be worse plagues upon environmental decision making, such as lack of scientific data and deficient decision making models. It can also be argued that with respect to the general practice of public administration, institutional issues associated with environmental decision making may pose the most significant challenges of all public policy issues because these problems entail scales of political, technical, ethical, and decision making complexities unmatched in other areas. Several recommendations for overcoming these problems are provided, including solutions related to pay, training, evaluation, and information technology.
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Treatments for Youth with Social Phobia:

Pediatric social phobia (SP) is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social timidity. SP is most often diagnosed in mid- to- late adolescence, affecting approximately 3–5% of youth. This article...
Measuring meaning and peace with the FACIT–Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Distinction without a difference?

The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp; Peterman, Fitchett, Brady, Hernandez, & Cella, 2002) has become a widely used measure of spirituality; however, there remain questions about its specific factor structure and the validity of scores from its separate scales. Specifically, it remains unclear whether the Meaning and Peace scales denote distinct factors. The present study addresses previous limitations by examining the extent to which the Meaning and Peace scales relate differentially to a variety of physical and mental health variables across 4 sets of data from adults with a number of chronic health conditions. Although a model with separate but correlated factors fit the data better, discriminant validity analyses indicated limited differences in the pattern of associations each scale showed with a wide array of commonly used health and quality-of-life measures. In total, the results suggest that people may distinguish between the concepts of Meaning and Peace, but the observed relations with health outcomes are primarily due to variance shared between the 2 factors. Additional research is needed to better understand the separate and joint role of Meaning and Peace in the quality of life of people with chronic illness.
The Fingertip Effect: How Information-Processing Technology Shapes Thinking

Contemporary beliefs about the impact of information-processing technology (IPT) on thinking are examined. Whereas some suggest that learning to program and other contacts with IPT will empower thinking, it is argued from both theory and evidence that typical contacts with IPT today do not meet certain conditions for significantly reshaping thought. Whereas others suggest that IPT will have a narrowing and dehumanizing influence, it is argued that the striking diversification of IPT now underway will eventually allow for many styles of involvement. In the long term, as this diversification spreads to nearly all aspects of society, thinking may change in certain basic ways as it has in response to literacy and print.
Keynote lecture 5: Neuroplasticity-based strategies applied to delay onsets of-and to treat-psychiatric and neurological disorders

Dr. Merzenich's research interests have included the functional organization of the somatosensory and auditory nervous systems; the neurological bases of — and rules governing-learning-induced cortical plasticity; and the neurological origins of and remediation of developmental and acquired impairments in language, reading, memory, attention, cognitive control, and movement. His research teams have extensively modeled changes induced in the brain a) following brain injury and stroke; b) resulting from distorted experiential history leading to acquired impairments, psychotic illness and addiction; and c) contributing to pathological neurological regression in aging. All have been studied as platforms for developing brain plasticity-based medical therapeutics to treat those conditions in human populations. Dr. Merzenich led a research team that created a widely commercially applied cochlear implant (Advanced Bionics' Symbion). In 1996, he co-founded Scientific Learning, a company dedicated to delivering remedial therapies to address language, reading, attention, and cognitive impairments in school age children. Its programs have been applied to help more than 5 million children. In 2002, he co-founded Posit Science, which produces and delivers computer-delivered therapies applied to help aging, psychiatrically-impaired, and brain-injured populations. In 2009, he co-founded the Brain Plasticity Institute, a research company focused on developing new treatment strategies for children and adults with severe neurological impairments.
The New Family: Challenges to American Family Law

The vast demographic and social changes of the twentieth century have produced a variety of new family forms – cohabiting couples, same-sex couples, an increased number of single-parent families, and extended families resulting from divorce, for example. The legal system in the United States has yet adequately to address the legal problems that these new family forms create. This article discusses a number of major issues that arise from this failure, including: (1) the sometimes negative impact of gender-neutral rules in divorce upon women and children; (2) the ambiguity and inadequacy of property and support obligations between cohabitants; (3) the legal incidents of non-residential conjugal relationships; (4) the incomplete revolution in the status of gay and lesbian couples; (5) relationships in the post-divorce family, such as those between stepparents and their stepchildren; and (6) the many conflict of laws questions that arise from inconsistent treatment of these issues by different states.
How Childhood Maltreatment Profiles of Male Victims Predict Adult Perpetration and Psychosocial Functioning

This study used latent class analysis to empirically identify subgroups of men based on their exposure to childhood maltreatment (i.e., emotional neglect and abuse, physical neglect and abuse, and sexual abuse). It then examined subgroups' differential perpetration of adult intimate partner violence (IPV; both psychological and physical), violence against peers, and sexual assault. Finally, we compared sociodemographic variables and psychosocial functioning across profiles to characterize the adult experiences of men in different maltreatment groups. The community sample consisted of 626 heterosexually active 21- to 30-year-old men. We identified four subgroups: Low Maltreatment (80% of the sample), Emotional and Physical Maltreatment (12%), Emotional and Sexual Maltreatment (4%), and Poly-Victimized (4%). The Low Maltreatment group had significantly lower IPV perpetration rates than the Emotional and Physical Maltreatment group, but groups did not significantly differ on peer violence or sexual assault perpetration rates. Overall, Poly-Victimized men were significantly worse off than the Low Maltreatment group regarding income, education level, and incarceration history. Their rates of recent anxiety and depression symptoms were also higher than those of Low Maltreatment men. Findings support the use of person-oriented techniques for deriving patterns of childhood maltreatment and how these patterns relate to psychological, behavioral, and social factors in adulthood.
Wounds Not Scars: Lynching, the National Conscience, and the American Historian

Place the 203 in a row, allowing 600 feet of space for each human torch, so that there may be viewing room around it for 5,000 Christian American men, women, and children, youths and maidens; make it night, for grim effect; have the show in a gradually rising plain, and let the course of the stakes be uphill; the eye can then take in the whole line of twenty-four miles of bloodand-flesh bonfires unbroken.... All being ready now, and the darkness opaque, the stillness impressive-for there should be no sound but the soft moaning of the night wind and the muffled sobbing of the sacrifices-let all the far stretch of kerosene pyres be touched off simultaneously and the glare and the shrieks and the agonies burst heavenward to the Throne. -Mark Twain, 1901, on lynchings in the two previous years'
SpoVG Is a Conserved RNA-Binding Protein That Regulates Listeria monocytogenes Lysozyme Resistance, Virulence, and Swarming Motility

ABSTRACT In this study, we sought to characterize the targets of the abundant Listeria monocytogenes noncoding RNA Rli31, which is required for L. monocytogenes lysozyme resistance and pathogenesis. Whole-genome sequencing of lysozyme-resistant suppressor strains identified loss-of-expression mutations in the promoter of spoVG , and deletion of spoVG rescued lysozyme sensitivity and attenuation in vivo of the rli31 mutant. SpoVG was demonstrated to be an RNA-binding protein that interacted with Rli31 in vitro. The relationship between Rli31 and SpoVG is multifaceted, as both the spoVG -encoded protein and the spoVG 5′-untranslated region interacted with Rli31. In addition, we observed that spoVG -deficient bacteria were nonmotile in soft agar and suppressor mutations that restored swarming motility were identified in the gene encoding a major RNase in Gram-positive bacteria, RNase J1. Collectively, these findings suggest that SpoVG is similar to global posttranscriptional regulators, a class of RNA-binding proteins that interact with noncoding RNA, regulate genes in concert with RNases, and control pleiotropic aspects of bacterial physiology. IMPORTANCE spoVG is widely conserved among bacteria; however, the function of this gene has remained unclear since its initial characterization in 1977. Mutation of spoVG impacts various phenotypes in Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin resistance, capsule formation, and enzyme secretion in Staphylococcus aureus and also asymmetric cell division, hemolysin production, and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Here, we demonstrate that spoVG mutant strains of Listeria monocytogenes are hyper-lysozyme resistant, hypervirulent, nonmotile, and misregulate genes controlling carbon metabolism. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SpoVG is an RNA-binding protein. These findings suggest that SpoVG has a role in L. monocytogenes, and perhaps in other bacteria, as a global gene regulator. Posttranscriptional gene regulators help bacteria adapt to various environments and coordinate differing aspects of bacterial physiology. SpoVG may help the organism coordinate environmental growth and virulence to survive as a facultative pathogen.
Probing Behavior of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. III. Effect of Temperature Differences on Certain Probing Activities

Groups of 10 Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), adults were exposed to each of the following temperatures for 24 hours: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. Ten parameters of probing behavior were analyzed for the 10 groups at each temperature. Results showed that certain probing activities were significantly affected by temperature. Aphids exposed to the 2 temperature extremes (5 and 35°C) ingested fluid from sieve element cells less frequently than aphids exposed to the other temperatures. It was concluded that some temperature between 25 and 30°C was probably environmentally optimal for the pea aphid. Aphids at these temperatures ingested fluid from sieve elements for longer periods, probed for longer times, and produced more offspring than aphids at the other 5 temperatures.
Structure—activity relationships of ß-endorphin by synthesis —1977

During isolation of melanotropins from camel pituitary glands (Li et al., 1975), we were unable to find β-LPH, but obtained an untriakontapeptide (Li and Chung, 1976a) with an amino acid sequence identical to the COOH-terminal 31-residues of ovine lipotropin (βs-LPH61-91) (Li and Chung, 1976b and figure 21.1). The peptide possesses very low lipotropic activity but significant opiate activity (Li and Chung, 1976a), as displayed in a preparation of guinea pig ileum (GPI) and in the opiate receptor binding assay (Cox et al., 1976). This untriakontapeptide was designated β-endorphin (Li and Chung, 1976a). A similar untriakontapeptide with opiate activity was obtained from porcine (Bradbury et al., 1976; Graf et al., 1976), ovine (Chretien et al., 1976) and bovine (Li et al., 1977) pituitary glands.
Connections to Equilibria

This chapter discusses the concept of equilibrium for solutions and metal complex ions. It addresses several issues, such as a fizzing action that occurs when an antacid tablet dissolves in water. The effervescence of an antacid tablet in water is the key to the effectiveness of the antacid. Two familiar antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer and Bromo Seltzer contain sodium bicarbonate or baking soda—NaHCO 3 . The bicarbonate ion reacts with citric acid, another ingredient of the product, to produce carbonic acid, H 2 CO 3 . In solution, carbonic acid decomposes to yield water and gaseous carbon dioxide, CO 2 , the same gas in carbonated beverages and champagne. The fizz generated when the tablet dissolves is simply the CO 2 bubbles coming out of solution. The chapter also discusses the functioning of the antidotes for cyanide poisoning, the chemical action of unclogging drains with household products, use of sequestrants in processed food items, and so on.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta: New Agents and their Potential Implications for Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Current pharmacologic treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) consists of agents studied in and developed for use in osteoporosis. New agents under study for use in osteoporosis may also benefit patients with OI. In this chapter we review recommendations for current dietary supplements and the potential of several new anabolic and anti-resorptive agents for use in OI, including recombinant parathyroid hormone, sclerostin antibodies, strontium ranelate, RANK-ligand inhibitors, and cathepsin K inhibitors. While many of these agents may prove beneficial to patients with OI, optimal therapies for the future will target the specific collagen mutations underlying the disorder.
Measurement of the spin structure function GD1 of the deuteron and its moments at low Q2

Double polarization cross section differences (Δσ ||) for proton and deuteron targets have been measured in the EG4 experiment using the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. Longitudinally polarized electron beams at relatively low energies of 1.056, 1.337, 1.989, 2.256 and 3.0 GeV from the CEBAF accelerator were scattered off longitudinally polarized NH3 and ND3 targets. Scattered electrons were recorded at very low scattering angles (down to θ= 6°) with the help of a new dedicated Cherenkov counter and a special magnetic field setting of the CLAS detector in order to measure the cross section differences in the resonance region (1.08 GeV
Development of zinc ferrocyanide ion exchange compounds for corrosion-inhibiting and sensing pigments

The fabrication and application of zinc ferrocyanide ion exchange compounds for use as inhibiting and sensing pigments in protective paints and primers for metals and alloys are described in this paper. A distinctive property of these ferrocyanide pigments is an ability to store corrosion inhibitors and then release them when needed by an ion exchange process. The exchange process is triggered when moisture containing Na+ and K+ ions contacts inhibitor particles embedded in an organic coating. The exchange kinetics were studied by measuring the concentration of released zinc ions in the solution with inductively coupled plasma. The inhibitor storage capacity can be as high as 200 meq/100 g, and it is much higher than that found in other reported ion exchange compounds. Furthermore, structure changes from non-crystalline to crystalline, upon exchange with alkaline ions, can be detected by x-ray diffraction, providing an important indication of activation of the corrosion protection. This is a form of corrosion sensing. The inhibition performance of zinc ferrocyanide in the coating was examined by salt spray tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and both tests showed that zinc ferrocyanide could provide good protection on aluminum alloy 2024.
An Update to the Individual-Opportunity Nexus

This chapter extends and elaborates the individual-opportunity nexus framework on entrepreneurship. First, the chapter discusses in detail the existence of entrepreneurial opportunities, and the processes of opportunity discovery and exploitation. Second, the chapter describes several typologies of opportunities. Third, the chapter discusses the importance of the locus of opportunity discovery and exploitation.
Comparison of endotoxin antagonism of linear and cyclized peptides derived from limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide factor.

Background: Limulus anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factor (LALF) is a 102-amino acid LPS-binding protein from the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus. The peptide includes the LPS-binding domain of h...
The Deterritorialization of European Regionalism: Global Perspectives

This chapter presents a reflection on the global dimension of European regionalism with a focus on the EU’s broader trans-regional interactions with regional blocs and influential players, less amenable to the premises of institutionalism and geopolitical structuring. The chapter examines the global dynamics of EU regionalism through the analytical lens of deterritorialization. It illustrates the new deterritorialization dynamics in the case of the UK’s withdrawal from EU membership (Brexit), the project for a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, and European responses to China’s One Belt, One Road initiative. The chapter concludes that open regionalism does not guarantee the unproblematic embeddedness of regional integration in global rule structures.
Micromagnetic measurement for characterization of ferromagnetic materials’ microstructural properties

Magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) is measured in low carbon steels and the relationship between carbon content and parameter extracted from MBN signal has been investigated. The parameter is extracted experimentally by fitting the original profiles with two Gaussian curves. The gap between two peaks (ΔG) of fitted Gaussian curves shows a better linear relationship with carbon contents of samples in the experiment. The result has been validated with simulation by Monte Carlo method. To ensure the sensitivity of measurement, advanced multi-objective optimization algorithm Non-dominant sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA III) has been used to fulfill the optimization of the magnetic core of sensor.
Translation Control by p53

The translation of mRNAs plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression and therefore, in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Unrestricted initiation of translation causes malignant transformation and plays a key role in the maintenance and progression of cancers. Translation initiation is regulated by the ternary complex and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is the most well studied mammalian transcription factor that mediates a variety of anti-proliferative processes. Post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression in general and those of translation in particular play a major role in shaping the protein composition of the cell. The p53 protein regulates transcription and controls eIF4F, the ternary complex and the synthesis of ribosomal components, including the down-regulation of rRNA genes. In summary, the induction of p53 regulates protein synthesis and translational control to inhibit cell growth.
Annually and monthly resolved solar irradiance and atmospheric temperature data across the Hawaiian archipelago from 1998 to 2015 with interannual summary statistics

Abstract This article contains data and summary statistics of solar irradiance and dry bulb temperature across the Hawaiian archipelago resolved on a monthly basis and spanning years 1998–2015. This data was derived in association with an article titled “Consequences of Neglecting the Interannual Variability of the Solar Resource: A Case Study of Photovoltaic Power Among the Hawaiian Islands” (Bryce et al., 2018 [7] ). The solar irradiance data is presented in terms of Direct Normal Irradiance (DNI), Diffuse Horizontal Irradiance (DHI), and Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and was obtained from the satellite-derived data contained in the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). The temperature data is also obtained from this source. We have processed the NSRDB data and compiled these monthly resolved data sets, along with interannual summary statistics including the interannual coefficient of variability.
More on the Bialgebra Associated to the Quantum Yang-Baxter Equation

Many ideas in the subject of quantum groups are motivated by the material presented in Chapter 2. Now that the reader has had the opportunity to become familiar with that material, we will re-examine and extend it more formally.
The Brown Workstation Environment

All the interfaces in FIELD are based on a set of tools developed at Brown University for workstation programming. This toolkit, the Brown Workstation Environment or BWE for short, was originally designed to support PECAN and BALSA, extended and extensively rewritten to support GARDEN, and then extended to support FIELD. In the interim it has been used for a variety of other projects.
Multiscale model of fatigue of collagen gels

Fatigue as a mode of failure becomes increasingly relevant with age in tissues that experience repeated fluctuations in loading. While there has been a growing focus on the mechanics of networks of collagen fibers, which are recognized as the predominant mechanical components of soft tissues, the network's fatigue behavior has received less attention. Specifically, it must be asked (1) how the fatigue of networks differs from that of its component fibers, and (2) whether this difference in fatigue behaviors is affected by changes in the network's architecture. In the present study, we simulated cyclic uniaxial loading of Voronoi networks to model fatigue experiments performed on reconstituted collagen gels. Collagen gels were cast into dog-bone shape molds and were tested on a uniaxial machine under a tension-tension cyclic loading protocol. Simulations were performed on networks modeled as trusses of, on average, 600 nonlinear elastic fibers connected at freely rotating pin-joints. We also simulated fatigue failure of Delaunay, and Erdős-Renyi networks, in addition to Voronoi networks, to compare fatigue behavior among different architectures. The uneven distribution of stresses within the fibers of the unstructured networks resulted in all three network geometries being more endurant than a single fiber or a regular lattice under cyclic loading. Among the different network geometries, for low to moderate external loads, the Delaunay networks showed the best fatigue behavior, while at higher loads, the Voronoi networks performed better.
Asymptotic bias of normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood estimates of moderation effects with data missing at random

Moderation analysis is useful for addressing interesting research questions in social sciences and behavioural research. In practice, moderated multiple regression (MMR) models have been most widely used. However, missing data pose a challenge, mainly because the interaction term is a product of two or more variables and thus is a non-linear function of the involved variables. Normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (NML) has been proposed and applied for estimating MMR models with incomplete data. When data are missing completely at random, moderation effect estimates are consistent. However, simulation results have found that when data in the predictor are missing at random (MAR), NML can yield inaccurate estimates of moderation effects when the moderation effects are non-null. Simulation studies are subject to the limitation of confounding systematic bias with sampling errors. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analytically derive asymptotic bias of NML estimates of moderation effects with MAR data. Results show that when the moderation effect is zero, there is no asymptotic bias in moderation effect estimates with either normal or non-normal data. When the moderation effect is non-zero, however, asymptotic bias may exist and is determined by factors such as the moderation effect size, missing-data proportion, and type of missingness dependence. Our analytical results suggest that researchers should apply NML to MMR models with caution when missing data exist. Suggestions are given regarding moderation analysis with missing data.
Abstract WP558: Benefits of Perlecan Domain V in Diabetic Co-morbid Models of VCID

Introduction: Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are a major factor in the overall clinical burden of dementia. Besides aging, metabolic disorders such as type 2 dia...
The Thymus: Practical Anatomy and Histology

The goal in this chapter on the anatomy and histology of the thymus is to provide the diagnostic surgical pathologist with a practical guide to the most important aspects regarding this mysterious gland, so that such knowledge can be used in the diagnosis of the many conditions that may affect the thymus.
In Depth Analysis of Driving Loss and Driving Power Supply Structure for SiC MOSFETs

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the driving loss for SiC MOSFETs in real applications to help designer determined the power rating of proper gate driving power supplies and select proper gate resistors with enough power rating. A detailed loss estimation method is provided based on the datasheet information. Results verifies that the total driving loss power is determined by driving voltage, device total gate charge and switching frequency. The driving loss distribution analysis with the consideration of the nonlinearity of device gate capacitance is presented which indicates that the loss on turn on and turn off resistors is different, and the loss distribution is related with device working conditions. The power supply implementation for negative voltage driving is also discussed. If two separate voltage sources provide the driving power, each of them must provide real power to drive device gate. If only one voltage source provides the total driving power, a voltage divider circuit or voltage regulate circuit is needed only to provide voltage reference, there is no current through the divider or regulator. No real power is needed from the divider or regulator circuit. Experimental test results are provided to verify all the analysis.
Mission, Vision, Strategy: Discernment in Catholic Business Education.

By virtue of its divine vocation, Catholic business education must be mission driven. In reality, however, mission drift and failure to maintain distinctiveness are widespread among Catholic business schools (CBS). Many believe that a trade-off between academic quality and Catholicity is unavoidable, and opt for accommodating the expecta tions of particular stakeholders rather than those of the Church. A model of strategic planning based on Aquinas’ theory of human action is proposed that keeps CBS focused on mission, vision, and strategy. Differently from other procedural models of decision making, this model relies on interplay between acts of the intellect and of the will. Application of these insights in the planning process of CBS, which is understood as a process of discernment, should then lead both to better performance and, particularly, a greater fidelity to mission. It also provides an op portunity for CBS to gain distinctiveness.
The Reparameterized Unified Model System: A Diagnostic Assessment Modeling Approach

This chapter considers the Reparameterized Unified Model (RUM). The RUM a refinement of the DINA where which particular required skills that are lacking influences the probability of a correct response: Hartz, A Bayesian framework for the Unified Model for assessing cognitive abilities: blending theory with practicality. Dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001; Roussos, DiBello, Stout, Hartz, Henson, and Templin. The fusion model skills diagnosis system. In: JP Leighton and MJ Gierl (eds) Cognitive diagnostic assessment for education: Theory and applications. New York, Cambridge University Press, pp 275–318, 2007). The RUM diagnostic classification models (DCM) models binary (right/wrong scoring) items as the basis for a stills diagnostic classification system for scoring quizzes or tests. Refined DCMs developed from the RUM are discussed in some detail. Specifically, the commonly used “Reduced” RUM and an extension of the RUM to option scored items referred to as the Extended RUM model (ERUM; DiBello, Henson, & Stout, Appl Psychol Measur 39:62–79, 2015) are also considered. For the ERUM, the latent skills space is augmented by the inclusion of misconceptions whose possession reduces the probability of a correct response and increases the probability of certain incorrect responses, thus providing increasing classification accuracy. In addition to discussion of the foundational identifiability issue that occurs for option scored DCMs, available software using the SHINY package in R and including various appropriate “model checking” fit and discrimination indices is discussed and is available for users.
Electrochemistry of nanobubbles

Abstract Gas bubble formation is a common phenomenon in numerous electrochemical processes, such as water splitting, chloralkaline process, and fuel cells. Many efforts have been made to understand the behaviors of microsized or larger gas bubbles in electrochemical systems in the past few decades. It was not until recent years that the electrochemistry of nanosized gas bubbles (nanobubbles) has begun receiving attention. In this short review, we summarize recent advances in the field of electrochemistry of nanobubbles, ranging from new fundamental understandings of nanobubble behaviors to the development of novel bubble-based applications inspired by the basic research of nanobubble electrochemistry.
Conjoint tendon release for persistent anterior shoulder pain following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Persistent anterior shoulder pain is an under-reported complication after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of open conjoint tendon release in patients with anterior shoulder pain due to conjoint tendinitis after RTSA. Methods Open conjoint tendon release was performed by the senior author from June 2014 to November 2018 in patients with persistent anterior shoulder pain after RTSA. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively by phone interview with patient-reported outcome scores including a visual analog scale score for pain and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score. Results We evaluated 11 of 12 patients (92% follow-up) at a minimum of 1 year (average, 27 ± 11 months) after conjoint tendon release. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons and visual analog scale pain scores improved from 29.0 ± 22.1 and 7.3 ± 2.0, respectively, preoperatively to 58.2 ± 30.6 and 3.1 ± 3.5, respectively, postoperatively, after open conjoint tendon release (P = .02 and P = .003, respectively). Of the patients, 45% (5 of 11) reported improvement but with some coracoid pain after the release whereas 55% (6 of 11) reported no coracoid pain after the release. No complications occurred as a result of the release, and no patients required reoperation. Conclusion Our results suggest that conjoint tendinitis may be a cause of persistent postoperative anterior shoulder pain after RTSA and open conjoint tendon release is a successful treatment.
Why We Should Stop Teaching Dodge v. Ford

Among non-experts, conventional wisdom holds that corporate law requires boards of directors to maximize shareholder wealth. This common but mistaken belief is almost invariably supported by reference to the Michigan Supreme Court's 1919 opinion in Dodge v. Ford Motor Co. This Essay argues that Dodge v. Ford is bad law, at least when cited for the proposition that maximizing shareholder wealth is the proper corporate purpose. As a positive matter, U.S. corporate law does not and never has imposed a legal obligation on directors to maximize shareholder wealth. From a normative perspective, options theory, team production theory, the problem of external costs, and differences in shareholder interests all suggest why a rule of shareholder wealth maximization would be bad policy and lead to inefficient results. Courts accordingly treat Dodge v. Ford as a dead letter. (In the past three decades the Delaware courts have cited the case only once, and then on controlling shareholders' duties to minority shareholders). Nevertheless, legal scholars continue to teach and cite it. This Essay suggests that Dodge v. Ford has achieved a privileged position in the legal canon not because it accurately captures the law - it does not - or because it provides good normative guidance - it does not - but because it serves professors' need for a simple answer to the question, What do corporations do? Simplicity is not a virtue when it leads to misunderstanding, however. Law professors should mend their collective ways, and stop teaching Dodge v. Ford as anything more than an example of how courts can go astray.
Invited Lecture 4: New diagnostic assays for COVID-19

Brief Biosketch Dr Sumanta Goswami did his MS from University of Calcutta and PhD in Biochemistry from AIIMS, New Delhi. He joined at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York as Research Associate and subsequently becomes Associate Professor in the Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology. His research identifies newer drug targets based on the phenotypes observed in the cancer cells that cause metastasis. In the recent COVID-19 pandemic the diagnostic world has made phenomenal progress by developing different molecular diagnostic and serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 within record time. In my talk, I will outline the different molecular diagnostic and serological tests that are available and in use today. In addition, I will focus on a few new tests that are on the horizon including a subgenomic mRNA detection test being developed by our group. This unique test is arguably capable of identifying patients with active infections and thereby focusing the isolation resources on patients who are actively shedding live virions.
Advances in the diagnosis of arterial disease by magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging is proving to be a very useful non-invasive imaging technique in the study of the long-term evolution of atheroma lesions. Not only is it applicable for the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease but also for the characterization of the cellular mechanisms implied in the development of vascular damage. The four main lesions found in atherosclerosis the onset of the lesion with the appearance of remodeling, the development of vulnerable plaque, thrombus formation and the organization of the thrombus by connective tissue have been reported in detail, in both experimental animal models and in humans, from the images obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Even though we do not yet dispose of sensitive enough methods to study the evolution of fat in coronary arteries, the high resolution images obtained in carotid or aortic plaques by magnetic resonance allow us to visualize the effect produced by statin therapy or by other protective maneuvers such as the reduction of LDL levels or the increase of HDL levels. Atherosclerotic disease must be considered as a growing tumoral process and our main goal should be to determine the degree of malignancy more than trying to quantify the stenosis. Therefore, imaging techniques constitute an essential instrument to determine the plaque characteristics, and evaluate the phase of development to thereby predict the evolution of these lesions.
Complications in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery

Objective To investigate the complications of gynecological laparoscopies and its related fac-tors. Methods The clinical data of 8700 cases with laparoscopic surgeries from August 2003 to August 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Complications occurred in 259 cases,with a overall complication rate of 2.98%, the serious complication occurred in 37 cases(0.43%), and surgical treatment was needed in 21 cases. The compli-cations included: 129 complications related to puncture and pneumoperitoneum(including subcutaneous emphysema and abdominal wall congestion) ,20 related to bleedings, 17 related to injuries ,26 related to postoperative infections. Conclusion Operative gynecologic laparoscopy-induced complications were associated with operation difficulty, so great attention should be paid. In order to reduce the risks of laparoscopic surgery, indications should be selected cor-rectly,and procedures should be operated carefully. Key words: Gynecological diseases; Laparoscopic surgery; Complication
Aberrant gastroduodenal and proper hepatic arteries.

Anatomic variants of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery are common, thus knowledge of these variants is important for preoperative planning of abdominal surgery and interventional procedures. We report a rare anatomic variant of replaced proper hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries discovered upon CT angiography and diagnostic angiogram. Emergent angiogram performed on a 61-year-old male who presented with signs and symptoms of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage revealed a rare variant of an absent common hepatic artery and its branches with aberrant origins. The replaced proper hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery and the replaced gastroduodenal artery originated from a gastrosplenic trunk. This case emphasizes the importance of evaluating preoperative imaging to identify vascular variants prior to undergoing abdominal surgery or interventional procedures.
Neighborhood-level variability in asthma-related emergency department visits in Central Texas

Background The extent to which asthma-related emergency department (ED) visit incidence rates vary from neighborhood to neighborhood and the predictors of neighorbood-level asthma ED visit burden are not well understood. Objective Our aim was to describe the census tract–level spatial distribution of asthma-related ED visits in Central Texas and identify neighborhood-level characteristics that explain variability in neighborhood-level asthma ED visit rates. Methods Conditional autoregressive models were used to examine the spatial distribution of asthma-related ED visit incidence rates across Travis County, Texas, census tracts and to assess the contribution of census tract characteristics to their distribution. Results There were distinct patterns in ED visit incidence rates at the census tract scale that were largely unexplained by socioeconomic or selected built environment neighborhood characteristics. Racial and ethnic composition explained 33% of the variability of ED visit incidence rates across census tracts. Spatial patterns and the census tract predictors of ED visit incidence rates differed by racial and ethnic groups. Conclusions Variability in asthma ED visit incidence rates are apparent at smaller spatial scales than previously examined. Most of the variability in census tract–level asthma ED visit rates in Central Texas is not explained by racial and ethnic composition or other neighborhood features. Race/ethnicity-specific estimates of neighborhood ED visit rates may be useful for identifying high-burden neighborhoods for specific ethnic and racial groups that otherwise would go unrecognized.