cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of surface charge gradients in open-tubular capillaries and their characterization by spatially resolved pulsed streaming potential measurements.

Surface charge gradients have been formed on the inside surface of 75 μm i.d. silica capillaries via controlled rate infusion using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as the reactive precursor. These 400 mm length gradients have been characterized using spatially resolved streaming potential measurements, from which the zeta potential as a function of distance was determined. The gradient capillaries exhibited a gradual variation in zeta potential from top to bottom, whereas uniformly modified and as-received capillaries were relatively homogeneous along their length. For a gradient prepared with a relatively high concentration of aminosilane, the zeta potential changed over 60 mV from one end of the capillary to the other, yielding a variation in the magnitude of the apparent surface charge of ∼7 fold. By changing the concentration of the aminoalkoxysilane and/or the rate of infusion, both the value of the zeta potential (and hence surface charge) and its spatial profile (i.e., rate of change with distance) co...
The scope of practice of hand surgery within plastic surgery: the ACAPS national survey to assess current practice and develop educational guidelines.

BACKGROUND There is no consensus among plastic surgeons regarding what constitutes the scope of hand surgery practice. Due to this lack, there is a wide variability in what hand surgery procedures plastic surgery resident will see and participate in during the course of training. We assessed what faculty members of plastic surgery training programs felt were contained within the scope of practice of hand surgery. METHODS A survey was sent to all members of the American Council of Academic Plastic Surgeons. Respondents reported size of department, faculty fellowship training, hand surgery call coverage, and amount of elective hand surgery within their training program. They also identified what procedures were within the scope of hand surgery. RESULTS Ninety-three responses were received. Thirty-five respondents were certified or eligible for the surgery of the hand examination. Twenty-five respondents had 0 or 1 surgery-of-the-hand surgeon among their faculty. Thirty-nine departments/divisions performed 10 or fewer elective hand surgeries per week. Seventy-eight percent of groups taking hand call reported that all faculty members took hand call regardless of whether they had hand fellowship training. Although nearly all cover hand and wrist infections, only 49% provide care for distal radius fractures. CONCLUSIONS In many residency programs, hand surgery exposure is in the setting of trauma and emergencies. The inclusion of complex elective hand surgeries within a plastic surgery practice and residency program allows residents to see the full spectrum of hand surgery. This allows them to make an informed decision regarding whether to seek subspecialty training and continue the participation of plastic surgeons in the full spectrum of hand surgery.
The Dental Hygiene Degree Completion Program: It's All About Access

The state of Florida has 18 accredited, entry-level dental hygiene associate degree programs, but until now, there was no advanced dental hygiene degree available. As dental hygiene institutions began facing faculty shortages, it became clear that there was a need to provide an opportunity for dental hygienists to earn a bachelor9s degree in dental hygiene. In January 2004, St. Petersburg College (SPC) began offering an online Bachelor of Applied Science in Dental Hygiene (BASDH) degree completion program. Since that time, approximately 70 students have graduated, and 150 students are currently enrolled or are ready to begin. The program seeks to address 3 main issues: ease the impending and current shortages in qualified faculty to staff associate degree programs; provide opportunity to expand career options of the registered dental hygienist outside of traditional clinical practice; aid in the professional development for those in clinical practice. The BASDH program is designed to be accessible to the majority of prospective students. The entire program is delivered online, requires no campus visits, and all web-based course activities are asynchronous. Students enter the program as a cohort and progress through the curriculum together. This fosters a virtual learning community that increases connectivity and team collaboration within the online courses. Courses are offered one at a time in a shortened time frame of 6-8 weeks. The Capstone course provides the opportunity for students to explore their individual area of interest and focus outside the traditional clinical dental hygiene setting, and to do so within their community. The outcomes indicate the mission was met and graduates are being placed in positions that utilize the advanced degree. The online structure of the program creates a stimulating environment that is highly interactive, learner centered, and results in excellent participation and collaboration with peers and instructors.
Corporate Memory in Action

Managing and reusing knowledge in architecture, engineering and construction (A/E/C) firms can lead to greater efficiency, productivity, and improved designs. However reuse often fails, since knowledge is not captured, it is captured out of context rendering it not reusable, or there are no formal mechanisms for finding and retrieving reusable knowledge. This paper presents ongoing research on design knowledge reuse that introduces the notion of knowledge in context. We argue that in order for knowledge to be reusable, the user needs to see the context in which this knowledge was created and interact with this rich content. We call a repository of such knowledge in context the corporate memory. We describe empirical observations of designers reusing knowledge from their personal design experiences. Based on these observations, we formalize two key activities that must be supported in the process of knowledge reuse from a corporate repository: finding reusable items, and understanding these items in context. We illustrate the use of a prototype system, called CoMem, that supports these activities with an industry case study. CoMem is distinguished from the document-centric stateof-practice solutions by its approach of “overview first, filter, and then details-ondemand” accomplished through the implementation of three interaction metaphors: corporate map, fisheye lens, and storyteller. 1 ASCE Member, Director of Project Based Learning Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, fruchter@ce.stanford.edu 2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4020, pdemian@stanford.edu
Study on rare Salmonella enterica Subsp.enterica serovar Senftenberg strains with H2S negativity from diarrhea patients

Objective:To investigate the genetic clone characteristics rare Salmonella enterica Subsp.enterica serovar Senftenberg(S.Senftenberg)strains with H2S negativity from diarrhea patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed to explore the characteristics of biochemical test,encoding Salmonella pathogenecity island gene 1(SPI-1) and antibiotic resistance of S.Senftenberg from diarrhea patients in Shanghai Global Salm-Surv(GSS).Ribotyping comparisons were made between typical and atypical strains of S.Senftenberg using Riboprinter(RP) DNA finger printing technique.Using cluster analysis,we compared the molecular subtyping of these strains with same serotyping strains in China PulseNet dynamic database by PFGE.Results:Among 4 strains of S.Senftenberg isolated from LU-WAN district GSS-Surv hospital in 2006,there were 2 phenotype variant strains with H2S negative and lacking SPI-1.There were two different clone between the two variant strains and typical strains by RP Ribotyping.36 strains of S.Senftenberg including 4 strains from LU-WAN district were divided into 18 PFGE typing-patten by China PulseNet database.The PFGE subtype 4(1 strains) and 5(1 strains) belong to the LU-WAN's variant strains,the subtype 11(1 strains),23(strains) belong to the LU-WAN's typical strains.Cluster analysis showed the clone of variant strains was higher than that of the typical strains in genetic similarity.Conclusion:The molecular tracing source confirms that variant strains of S.Senftenberg lacking SPI-1 can induce sporadic outbreak as the typical strains.There were homologous between variant strains of S.Senftenberg with H2S negative isolated from diarrhea patients in 2006 LU-WAN district and two strains of S.Senftenberg lacking SPI-1 isolated from a food-borne disease outbreak in 2002 Shenzhen city.
The mechanical properties of equine third metacarpals as affected by age.

Twenty-five pairs of equine third metacarpals (McIII) were collected from horses of varying breeds and ranging in age from 1 d to 27 yr. Standard three-point bending tests were performed on the McIII to obtain comparative data on breaking load (BL), breaking strength (BS), and elasticity (E). Broken bones were reassembled and 2-cm sections cut from the bone 1 cm below the nutrient foramen and at the site of the break. Bone mineral content (BMC) and geometrical properties of these sections were determined. Maximum BMC (17.3 g/2 cm) was reached at 6.0 +/- 1.8 yr of age. Horses in this study achieved 76% of maximum BMC by 1 yr of age. Maximum BL (1,888 kg) was reached at 4.6 +/- 1.8 yr of age. The coefficient of determination (r2) between BMC and BL was .92 (P < .001). Breaking strength peaked at 2,272 kg/cm2 at 6.3 +/- 1.2 yr of age. The correlation between BS and BMC was .84 (P < .0001). At 1 yr of age BS was 1,919 kg/cm2, or 85% of maximum BS. Elasticity increased linearly with log 10 age (r2 = .91). The r2 of BMC and E was .79 (P < .001). Area moment of inertia (I) of the cortex of the bone was best approximated by the area of an ellipse (r2 = .91; P < .01). Results suggest that bone strength in horses peaks after most race horses have completed their careers.
Preterm Labor: Diagnosis and Treatment

Preterm labor and delivery are among the most challenging obstetric complications encountered by the family physician. In the United States, preterm delivery affects approximately one in 10 births and is the cause of at least 75 percent of neonatal deaths, excluding those related to congenital malformations. Although the cause of preterm labor is unknown, family physicians who provide obstetric care should familiarize themselves and their patients with the predisposing risk factors. Preconception counseling should emphasize family planning, nutrition, "safe sex techniques", treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and avoidance of cigarettes, alcohol, abusive drugs and harmful work conditions. The rate of fetal morbidity can be reduced with the early and accurate diagnosis of preterm labor, intervention to delay preterm delivery, administration of corticosteroids and provision of neonatal care. Research into biochemical markers such as fetal fibronectin, possible infectious etiologies such as bacterial vaginosis, and the use of more selective tocolytic therapy offers hope that new therapeutic approaches may increase rates of fetal survival.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Clinical and renal biopsy findings in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis are presented, and a guide to therapy is outlined. Clinical and morphologic correlations are discussed as well as their implications for long-term prognosis.
Horizontal vectorization of electron repulsion integrals.

We present an efficient implementation of the Obara-Saika algorithm for the computation of electron repulsion integrals that utilizes vector intrinsics to calculate several primitive integrals concurrently in a SIMD vector. Initial benchmarks display a 2-4 times speedup with AVX instructions over comparable scalar code, depending on the basis set. Speedup over scalar code is found to be sensitive to the level of contraction of the basis set, and is best for (lAlB|lClD) quartets when lD = 0 or lB=lD=0, which makes such a vectorization scheme particularly suitable for density fitting. The basic Obara-Saika algorithm, how it is vectorized, and the performance bottlenecks are analyzed and discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Summer Research and Collaborative Professional Development Experience for NSF RET Teachers in Advanced Manufacturing and Materials

The current collaborative National Science Foundation Research Experience for Teachers (NSF-RET) site placed seventeen in-service and pre-service teachers with research mentors at one of the three regional universities WSU, CSU, and UD to work on engineering research projects. These research projects were chosen in such a way so that they were relevant to regional strengths in advanced manufacturing and materials. In addition to research, the RET teachers participated in various professional development (PD) activities such as “boot camp” facilitated by ASM Materials Education Foundation prior to the start of their research experience, field trips, seminars given by guest speakers and group work that produced K-12 curriculum related to the teams’ research experience. The teacher groups also presented the developed STEM curriculum and the final laboratory project results, and provided regular guided reflections regarding their efforts during the six-week program. This paper presents a brief overview of the collaborative RET project and details the achievement during the first project year. Emphasis is given to the collaborative PD activities of all seventeen teachers and the research projects performed by the two WSU RET groups comprised of four in-service and two pre-service teachers.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
SteelDEM: An Interactive Multimedia Intelligent Tutor and Teaching Aid for Structural Steel Design

SteelDEM integrates full motion video, computer graphics, animations, text, and audio to allow users to investigate different structural steel members and their behavior, limit states, and design. An on line data base of structural steel shapes as well as the latest engineering design specifications and aids will be available to users at all times.
Psychosocial impact of penile carcinoma.

Penile carcinoma is a rare malignancy with a potential for local invasion and regional/distant extension. Penile cancer can be cured in over 80% of cases if diagnosed early. However, local treatment, although potentially lifesaving, can be mutilating and devastating for the patient’s psychological well-being. In patients with long-term survival after penile cancer, sexual dysfunction, voiding problems and cosmetic penile appearance may adversely affect the patient’s quality of life. Although there is little data in the literature about psychosocial impact of penile carcinoma, organ-preserving treatment seems to allow for better quality of life and sexual function and should be offered to all patients whenever feasible.
Laparoscopic instrument tip position estimation for visual and haptic guidance in the computer assisted surgical trainer

A mathematical model of 4 degrees of freedom of forward and inverse kinematics is presented to provide visual and haptic guidance for laparoscopic surgery skills training. Also, a particle swarm optimization technique with color marker detection is used to estimate the instrument tip position accurately. Using a simple heuristic for the visual guidance, inverse kinematics solutions are calculated in real-time, which the haptic guidance uses as well. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mental health and academic attitudes and expectations in university populations: results from the healthy minds study

AbstractBackground: Mental health problems are highly prevalent in university populations and have been shown to impair academic performance. Yet little is known about the ways in which mental heal...
Helping Women to Become Orgasmic

Meager cultural encouragement for females to become adept at sexual expression explains some of the mystery of the elusive female orgasm. But more attention needs to be paid to the subtle roles that women play during partner sex.
Analysis of Pediatric Trauma in Combat Zone to Inform High-Fidelity Simulation Predeployment Training.

Objectives:The military uses “just-in-time” training to refresh deploying medical personnel on skills necessary for medical and surgical care in the theater of operations. The burden of pediatric care at Role 2 facilities has yet to be characterized; pediatric predeployment training has been extreme
But Everyone is Doing It (Sort of)! Perceived Sexual Risks in the Social Environment and the Impact on Homeless Youth Engagement in Concurrent Sexual Relationships.

Although homeless youth are likely to engage in concurrent sexual relationships and doing so can accelerate HIV transmission, the issue of sexual concurrency (i.e., having sexual partnerships that overlap in time) has received scarce attention in this vulnerable population. The literature that exists tends to focus on individuals’ characteristics that may be associated with concurrency and overlooks the influence of their social environment. Informed by the risk amplification and abatement model (RAAM), this study explored the association between pro-social and problematic social network connections, and sexual concurrency among homeless youth using drop-in center services (N = 841). Nearly 37% of youth engaged in concurrency. Partially consistent with the RAAM, regression analyses showed that affiliation with more problematic ties (i.e., having more network members who practice concurrency and unprotected sex) was associated with greater sexual concurrency. Programs addressing HIV risk among homeless youth in drop-in centers should consider the role youths’ network composition may play in concurrency.
Obese Mice Losing Weight Due to trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation or Food Restriction Harbor Distinct Gut Microbiota

Background trans-10,cis-12 Conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) is a dietary supplement that promotes weight loss by increasing fat oxidation and energy expenditure. We previously reported that in the absence of t10,c12-CLA, mice forced to lose equivalent body weight by food restriction (FR) do not exhibit increases in fat oxidation or energy expenditure but have improved glucose metabolism, consistent with FR as a metabolically healthy weight-loss method. Objective Because diet is a primary determinant of gut bacterial populations, we hypothesized that the disparate metabolic effects accompanying weight loss from t10,c12-CLA or FR could be related to altered intestinal microbiota. Methods Ten-week-old male LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS; 36% lard fat, 36.2% sucrose + 0.15% cholesterol) for 12 wk (baseline), then switched to the HFHS diet alone (obese control), HFHS + 1% c9,t11-CLA (obese fatty acid control), HFHS + 1% t10,c12-CLA (weight-loss-inducing fatty acid), or HFHS + FR (weight-loss control group with 75-85% ad libitum HFHS food intake) for a further 8 wk. Fecal microbial content, short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, acetate), tissue CLA concentrations, and intestinal nutrient transporter expression were quantified. Results Mice fed t10,c12-CLA or assigned to FR lost 14.5% of baseline body weight. t10,c12-CLA-fed mice had elevated concentrations of fecal butyrate (2-fold) and plasma acetate (1.5-fold) compared with HFHS-fed controls. Fecal α diversity decreased by 7.6-14% in all groups. Butyrivibrio and Roseburia, butyrate-producing microbes, were enriched over time by t10,c12-CLA. By comparing with each control group, we also identified bacterial genera significantly enriched in the t10,c12-CLA recipients, including Lactobacillus, Actinobacteria, and the newly identified Ileibacterium valens of the Allobaculum genus, whereas other taxa were enriched by FR, including Clostridiales and Bacteroides. Conclusion Modalities resulting in equivalent weight loss but with divergent metabolic effects are associated with compositional differences in the mouse intestinal microbiota.
Stable isotope signatures in white-tailed deer as a seasonal paleoenvironmental proxy: A case study from Georgia, United States

Abstract Oxygen and carbon isotopes from herbivore teeth have previously been used as paleoenvironmental proxies. However, their use in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) remains rare. Here, we present the results of analysis of sequential sub-samples from second and third molars of wild and non-wild deer from Georgia, United States in order to assess their application in humid subtropical climates. In wild deer, enamel carbonate δ18O corresponds broadly to the recorded precipitation δ18O over the 10-month period of tooth formation, capturing the rainfall seasonality across the physiogeographic regions of the state. Non-wild deer show significantly lower values compared to both measured and modeled δ18O precipitation. While δ13C in tooth enamel carbonate appears to reflect diet, it does not reflect seasonality in either population. The δ13C and δ15N from bone collagen values suggest that diet and source of drinking water influence the potential of white tailed deer tooth enamel carbonate to record the δ18O seasonality in the study area; therefore, special attention on the provenance of deer are necessary for obtaining accurate paleoclimate reconstruction.
Experiencing and Learning About Emotions: A Longitudinal Analysis of Youth Program Participants

Organized youth programs provide a context where adolescents experience strong emotions and may develop new ways of thinking about and dealing with emotions. The current study examined youth's reports of positive and negative emotions arising during the course of their work in different types of project-based programs; learning about emotions from different sources (e.g., from observing peers, interacting with adult staff, or engaging in self-reflection); and longitudinal associations between emotional experiences and learning. Quantitative data were collected at two time points from 319 youth (57% female; M age = 15.8 years; 33% Latino, 29% Black, 32% White, 6% other) participating in 14 Midwestern programs focused on Leadership, Arts and Performance (Arts), and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). Overall, positive emotions occurred more frequently than negative emotions, but emotional experiences differed based on the focus of the program. There were few significant differences in emotional learning from various sources (self, peers, staff) across the three types of programs. Multiple regression models controlling for prior learning indicated that, consistent with theory, positive emotions predicted subsequent learning about emotions from all sources. In contrast, negative emotions predicted increased learning from peers but decreased learning from self, suggesting that experiencing negative (vs. positive) emotions may lead youth to attend to different sources of information. The study's findings have implications for theory, research, and practice.
Amplification of longitudinal stress pulses in elastic bars with an intermediate tapered region: Pulse-propagation experiments along converging tapered regions in elastic bars exhibit the dependence of pulse amplification on effective pulse length

Experiments are performed to study the amplification of longitudinal pulses which propagate along tapered elastic bars in the direction of decreasing cross-sectional area. Each bar specimen is composed of two uniform cylindrical end sections of different radius joined by a tapered transition in the form of a cone frustrum. The amplification of a pulse which propagates from the large end to the small end in such a bar is shown to depend on the spatial pulse length (nondimensionalized with respect to the length of the transition region) for a given ratio of the terminating cross-sectional areas. The observed amplification is plotted over a wide range of nondimensionalized pulse lengths for several choices of the overall area ratio. For very short and very long pulses, the amplification approaches the limiting values given by simple equations which involve only the geometric parameters of the bar. The factors which influence the amplitude and shape of pulses which are reflected from the cone frustrum are discussed briefly.
The Theory of Weakly Coupled Oscillators

This chapter focuses on the application of phase response curves (PRCs) in predicting the phase locking behavior in networks of periodically oscillating neurons using the theory of weakly coupled oscillators. The theory of weakly coupled oscillators can be used to predict phase-locking in neuronal networks with any form of coupling. As the name suggests, the coupling between cells must be sufficiently weak for these predictions to be quantitatively accurate. This implies that the coupling can only have small effects on neuronal dynamics over any given cycle. However, these small effects can accumulate over many cycles and lead to phase locking in the neuronal network. The theory of weak coupling allows one to reduce the dynamics of each neuron, which could be of very high dimension, to a single differential equation describing the phase of the neuron.
On O16–O18 Isotope Effects in Manganese Perovskites

Large isotope effects which have been found by others [1,2] in some colossal magneto resistance manganite perovskites, AMnO3, are evidence of unusually strong interactions between the lattice and magnetism. We offer a model which is based upon the approximate degeneracy of two Mn+3 states: one with high spin S = 2, and the other with low spin S = 1. These states have different radii and different electron form factors. They thus have different force constants governing the interaction with neighboring oxygen ions which provide the sought for link between magnetism and oxygen mass. The experiments can be understood with the reasonable assumption that the LS has greater force constants than HS. The dependence of changes in Tc with isotopic substitution as a function of the A-ion radius, the metal insulator transitions and the Mossbauer effect changes, are discussed in terms of this model.
Applications of Coherent States in Thermodynamics and Dynamics

Coherent states for an arbitrary Lie group G are defined and their properties enumerated. These properties lead to a simple algorithm for studying the thermodynamic critical properties of Hamiltonians constructed from the generators of G. The algorithm is: 1. Replace H by its “classical limit” and add an entropy term — kTs(r). 2. Determine how the minima of the resulting function change as a function of T.
Credentials for Moral Expertise

In debates about moral expertise, two questions dominate. First is the issue of whether moral experts do or could exist; second, the question of whether, given that moral experts exist, they can be identified, in some justified or reliable manner. It is the second issue I shall address in this chapter.
Starch and Protein Chemistry and Functional Properties

Abstract Starch and protein are the major constituents of all cereal grains and are important sources of nutrition for humans and animals. Worldwide, sorghum and the millets are basic food staples for millions of people and are also important sources of animal feed, fuel, and potential bioproducts - uses which all rely on the structure, chemistry, and functionality of proteins and starch. This chapter reviews the content, composition, structure, and chemistry of proteins including sections on protein structure and functionality of isolated proteins in food products and nonfood products such as films, adhesives, encapsulating agents, and biomaterials. Information on the nutritional aspects of proteins such as amino acid composition and digestibility are also included. With regards to starch, information is provided on starch content, composition, chemistry, and functionality with an emphasis on thermal properties. Nutritional aspects of sorghum and millet starches are also reviewed as it relates to digestibility and rate of digestion.
Compact Modeling and Design of Magneto-Electric Transistor Devices and Circuits

A Verilog-A based model for the magneto-electric field effect transistor (MEFET) device is implemented and a variety of logic functions based on this device are proposed. These models are used to capture energy consumption and delay per switching event and to benchmark the MEFET with respect to CMOS. Single-source MEFET devices can be used for conventional logic gates like NAND, NOR, inverter and buffer and more complex circuits like the full adder. The dual source MEFET is an enhanced version of the MEFET device which functions like a spin multiplexer (spin-MUXer). Circuits using MEFETs require fewer components than CMOS to generate the same logic operation. These devices display a high on-off ratio., unlike many magneto-electric devices., and they operate at very low voltages., resulting in lower switching energy. Benchmarking results show that these devices perform better in terms of energy and delay., for implementing more complex functions., than the basic logic gates.
CRISPR-Cas9 corrects Duchenne muscular dystrophy exon 44 deletion mutations in mice and human cells

Mutations in the dystrophin gene cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), which is characterized by lethal degeneration of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Mutations that delete exon 44 of the dystrophin gene represent one of the most common causes of DMD and can be corrected in ~12% of patients by editing surrounding exons, which restores the dystrophin open reading frame. Here, we present a simple and efficient strategy for correction of exon 44 deletion mutations by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in cardiomyocytes obtained from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and in a new mouse model harboring the same deletion mutation. Using AAV9 encoding Cas9 and single guide RNAs, we also demonstrate the importance of the dosages of these gene editing components for optimal gene correction in vivo. Our findings represent a significant step toward possible clinical application of gene editing for correction of DMD.
Still Coming Out of the Dark: Enduring Effects of Simulation-Based Communication Skills Training for Radiology Residents-Four-Year Follow-Up.

Abstract PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term efficacy of simulation-based communication skills training for radiology residents. METHOD AND MATERIALS The simulation-based communication skills training curriculum was developed in 2014. The curriculum included a teaching module based on the essential elements of communication. Two sets of 6 communication scenarios encountered by radiologist were created. First and Fourth year radiology residents reviewed the teaching module and completed the 6 simulated scenarios. They then underwent debriefing sessions, received faculty and staff evaluations. Four years later, the former 1 st year residents (now 4 th years) reviewed the teaching module again and repeated the simulation. They again underwent debriefing sessions after the simulation. This time the residents’ communication skills were evaluated by faculty and staff. RESULTS A total of 5 residents participated in this simulation-based skills training. The resident performance 4 years after initial training show not only that residents maintained their improved scores, but also that their scores improved further as compared to after the initial training. The average overall score for all but one resident increased at the 4 year follow up simulation. From 2014 to 2018, the average score of all the residents increased from 72.4% to 81.4%. Comparison of the average scores of each student across six stations from 2014 to 2018 showed a statistically significant difference between the scores after four years (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Simulation based communication skills training is effective and long-lasting
Implementing deformation, damage, and failure in an orthotropic plastic material model:

Theoretical and implementation details of an orthotropic plasticity model are presented. The model is comprised of three sub-models dealing with elastic and inelastic deformations, damage, and fail...
The ‘Air-Wall’: Re-Evaluating a Mid-Twentieth Century Four-Sided Double-Skin Façade

In the 1950s, architect William Hajjar built a four-story research building with a two-story double-skin facade (DSF) on all four building sides with the intention to explore solar heat control str...
Thermal friction as a solution to the Hubble tension

A new component added to the standard model of cosmology that behaves like a cosmological constant at early times and then dilutes away as radiation or faster can resolve the Hubble tension. We show that a rolling axion coupled to a non-Abelian gauge group exhibits the behavior of such an extra component at the background level and can present a natural particle-physics model solution to the Hubble tension. We compare the contribution of this bottom-up model to the phenomenological fluid approximation and determine that CMB observables sensitive only to the background evolution of the Universe are expected to be similar in both cases, strengthening the case for this model to provide a viable solution to the Hubble tension.
Assessing information literacy in first year writing

Abstract As the programmatic instructional offerings of academic libraries expand and grow more complex, so too does the effort to effectively assess these programs. In particular, programs informed by the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education are placing librarians in a position to affect institutional outcomes, related to student learning and critical thinking, on a foundational level. In order to assess one particular scaffolded instructional program, the authors of this study collected a variety of data from instructional attendees over a period of four semesters. Through subsequent analysis, these data provided researchers with a means to explore multiple facets of the local instructional environment, including both direct and peripheral intervening factors associated with a program of ongoing support for the development of information literacy (IL) competencies among students enrolled in a first-year writing course. Importantly, this study's findings help to highlight the importance of course-integrated IL content via pre/post-IL session support provided by writing instructors, as well as instructional effectiveness on the part of librarian instructors. Together these facets of the learning environment promote positive affective outcomes for student learners in the context of their development of IL competencies.
Hereditary Hypophosphatemic Rickets with Hypercalciuria (HHRH) Presenting with Genu Valgum Deformity: Treatment with Phosphate Supplementation and Surgical Correction

We describe a case of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) in a 32-year-old female with short stature, chronic pathologic genu valgum deformity, and knee pain who was referred to endocrinology clinic after previous inconclusive workups. We present imaging spanning 10 years of untreated disease. Biochemical studies showed hypophosphatemia with undetectable fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23.) Renal ultrasound revealed bilateral medullary nephrocalcinosis despite no apparent hypercalciuria. Due to concern for HHRH, genetic testing was performed that determined this patient to be homozygous in the SLC34A3 gene for a previously described missense variant (c.1402C > T, p.Arg468Trp). There was no known family history of rickets. A bone biopsy with metabolic studies was performed for diagnostic and prognostic reasons. The histopathological findings along with tetracycline uptake studies were consistent with a diagnosis of HHRH. Treatment with phosphorous supplementation and surgical correction of her valgum deformity resulted in resolution of pain, but no change in bone histomorphometry.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

In this chapter, we review the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes in older adults as they relate to psychotropic medications.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CREME DE MESA TIPO MAIONESE A BASE DE BIOMASSA:: Comparação com molho de maionese tradicional

Desenvolveu-se um molho tipo maionese com substituicao do oleo vegetal por biomassa de banana verde (MT), comparando-o com a MC. Foi analisado teores de umidade, cinzas, lipideos, proteinas e carboidratos. Caracteristicas fisicas, viscosidade e cor, e propriedades de conservacao, pH e atividade de agua. Destaca-se para MT o teor de lipideos e proteinas, e tambem viscosidade e resistencia a agitacao. Alem do pH e a atividade de agua da MT que podem influenciar na estabilidade microbiologica do produto. Portanto a substituicao do oleo vegetal por biomassa de banana verde e uma alternativa viavel, alem de apresentar atributos sensoriais favoraveis.
The relationships between structural organization, material properties, and loading conditions and the risk of fracture and fracture location in the femur

Increased risk of skeletal fractures due to bone mass loss is a major public health problem resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the case of hip fractures. Current clinical methods based on two-dimensional measures of bone mineral density (areal BMD or aBMD) are often unable to identify individuals at risk of fracture. The underlying hypothesis of this study was that combinations of femur structural traits are different for those femurs that suffer a fragility fracture within the proximal region of the femur and those that sustain a fracture in either the subtrochanteric or midshaft region of the femur, resulting in an "atypical femur fracture". Accordingly, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying combinations of structural traits, material properties, and loading conditions on femur stress response and the location of stress response variation using a validated parametric finite element model. Statistical shape and trait modeling of the femur was used to describe variability in the structural organization of a set of femurs in an efficient manner and the resulting description of structural variability was exploited to investigate how different mechanisms of fracture might occur, whether in the proximal region or in the subtrochanteric and midshaft region. In combination with parameters describing loading condition and material property variation, variation in structural organization is associated with regional increases in maximum principal stress and the percentage of bone expected to damage, and these increases are likely associated with increased fracture risk. The results of this study indicate that there are multiple pathways and combinations of descriptor variation that may result in increased fracture risk and that these pathways can lead to fracture in any region of the femur under both overload conditions, such as with sideways fall loading, and stance loading, which due to the repetitive nature may lead to the accumulation of fatigue damage within the bone and further impair bone condition and increased susceptibility to fracture.
Effect of fructose consumption during lactation on sow and litter performance and sow plasma constituents.

The effects of dietary consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and dextrose during a 28-d lactation on sow and litter performance and sow plasma constituents were examined in 45 multiparous and 36 primiparous crossbred sows. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal diets were formulated to contain either 20% fructose or 20% glucose. Diets were fed on a metabolic BW basis from d 0 to d 28 of lactation. Litter and pig weights on d 28 were not affected (P greater than .05) by treatment. Litter size was greater (P less than .10) at weaning for primiparous sows fed HFCS, but multiparous sows weaned heavier (P less than .05) pigs. Sow weight change during lactation was not influenced by diet, but primiparous sows lost more (P less than .05) weight during lactation and had longer intervals to estrus than multiparous sows did. Milk yields on d 17 and 21 of lactation were not different (P greater than .05) for sows fed HFCS vs dextrose, but sows fed HFCS tended to have greater (P = .05) percentage of milk fat. Preprandial concentrations of fructose in plasma were low in sows fed HFCS and nondetectable in those fed dextrose but were elevated (P less than .05) after consumption of HFCS. Conversely, similar (P greater than .05) concentrations of glucose in plasma preprandially were followed by greater (P less than .05) postprandial glucose concentrations in sows fed dextrose. Although postprandial concentrations of insulin were not affected (P greater than .05) by diet, sows fed dextrose had greater (P less than .05) preprandial insulin concentrations in plasma. Concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and growth hormone in plasma and response to a glucose challenge were not affected (P greater than .05) by feeding HFCS. However, concentrations of insulin in plasma following glucose infusion were less (P less than .05) during the glucose challenge period on d 25 than on d 13 of lactation.
Left-Handed Z-DNA and Genetic Recombination

Publisher Summary Genetic recombination is the process by which DNA is translocated from one region of the chromosome to another. Recombinational events are classified into two basic groups: homologous (general) recombination and site-specific recombination. This chapter discusses mechanisms of homologous recombination. Homologous recombination occurs between regions of extensive homology essentially anywhere on the chromosome. The integration of bacteriophage lambda into the Escherichia coli chromosome best illustrates site-specific recombination. This chapter describes left­­-handed Z-DNA. Z-DNA is a higher energy form than B-DNA; it requires the presence of a stabilizing agent such as high salt, divalent metal ions, base modifications (for example, halogenation and methylation), or negative supercoiling. Z-DNA exists in oligonucleotides, DNA polymers, restriction fragments, and recombinant plasmids. Tracts of left-handed Z-DNA can be contiguous with regions of right-handed B-DNA, thus necessitating the presence of B-Z junctions. Recently, left-handed DNA was shown to exist and to elicit biological responses in vivo.
The Formation, Composition, and Properties of the Keratins

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the current information on keratin formation and composition and points out relationships of this information to the present conception of keratin structure. Keratins are natural fibrous materials consisting almost entirely of proteins stabilized by primary and secondary valence cross-links between neighboring polypeptide chains. The known primary valence cross-links are the disulfide bonds. All keratins and most keratin components are accordingly richer in cystine than are most other proteins. The strongest secondary valence cross-links consist of hydrogen bonds between the polar side groups of residues of amino acids, in particular serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and arginine. Keratins have characteristically high contents of serine and arginine. The mean amino acid residue weight of keratins is much higher than those of silk fibroin and the collagens. It is comparable to those of the other fibrous proteins myosin and fibrin, and in the lower end of the range characteristic of corpuscular proteins. Keratins have lower contents of proline plus hydroxyproline residues than the collagen family of fibrous proteins. Keratins have higher contents of proline than most corpuscular proteins, silk fibroin, and the more nearly related fibrous proteins myosin and fibrin. The mean residue weight and proportion of amino acid residues, proline and hydroxyproline, affect the compactness and arrangement of the protein chains in the solid state in a way that is rationally related to chain spacings and configurations proposed to account for the evidence from X-ray and infrared analyses.
Scientific objectives of solar gamma-ray observations

Solar flare neutrons and gamma rays are produced by nuclear interactions of flare accelerated ions in the solar atmosphere. A rich variety of such gamma ray and neutron observations have been made by the Solar Maximum Mission (SSM), other satellite, balloon and ground based detectors, and they have provided a wealth of unique information on the nature of particle acceleration in flares and on the flare process itself. What we have learned from these observations is briefly reviewed, and what we can hope to learn from more sensitive new observations to be made with the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO), the Max '91 balloon program, and the Nuclear Astrophysics Explorer is outlined.
A study of the effectiveness of the Iowa Communications Network as a distance learning system by comparing student achievement at the originating site and at remote sites

This study compares student achievement between studio students and remote students in a course taught over the Iowa Communications Network. The Iowa Communications Network is a two-way fiill motion fiber optics telecommimications system capable of linking students and instructors anywhere in Iowa. The students in a graduate school law course being taught over the Iowa Communications Network were selected to be the subjects of this study. The instructor was a lawyer who had previously taught the course, but had not taught a course over the Iowa Commumcations Network. The instructor had no special training and received no special training before teaching the course. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching over the Iowa Communications Network as it relates to student achievement. A comparison of achievement was made between the students at the originating site and the students at the remote sites. The comparisons were made using scores on a pretest/posttest, class participation grade, unit quizzes grade, final exam grade, and course grade. The students' scores and grades were analyzed using a f-test and a Mann-Whitney U test. No significant difference was foimd in achievement between the two environments.
Designed to Fit: Challenges of Interaction Design for Clothes Fitting Room Technologies

This paper uncovers issues in the design of camera-based technologies to support retail shopping in a physical store, specifically clothes shopping. An emerging class of technology is targeting the enhancement of retail shopping, including the trying on of clothing. Designing such systems requires careful considerations of physical and electronic design, as well as concerns about user privacy. We explore the entire design cycle using a technology concept called the Responsive Mirror through its conception, prototyping and evaluation. The Responsive Mirror is an implicitly controlled video technology for clothes fitting rooms that allows a shopper to directly compare a currently worn garment with images from the previously worn garment. The orientation of images from past trials is matched to the shopper's pose as he moves. To explore the tension between privacy and publicity, the system also allows comparison to clothes that other people in the shoppers' social network are wearing. A user study elicited a number of design tradeoffs regarding privacy, adoption, benefits to shoppers and merchants and user behaviors in fitting rooms.