cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects and Mechanisms of 3α,5α,-THP on Emotion, Motivation, and Reward Functions Involving Pregnane Xenobiotic Receptor

Progestogens [progesterone (P4) and its products] play fundamental roles in the development and/or function of the central nervous system during pregnancy. We, and others, have investigated the role of pregnane neurosteroids for a plethora of functional effects beyond their pro-gestational processes. Emerging findings regarding the effects, mechanisms, and sources of neurosteroids have challenged traditional dogma about steroid action. How the P4 metabolite and neurosteroid, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-THP), influences cellular functions and behavioral processes involved in emotion/affect, motivation, and reward, is the focus of the present review. To further understand these processes, we have utilized an animal model assessing the effects, mechanisms, and sources of 3α,5α-THP. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), 3α,5α-THP has actions to facilitate affective, and motivated, social behaviors through non-traditional targets, such as GABA, glutamate, and dopamine receptors. 3α,5α-THP levels in the midbrain VTA both facilitate, and/or are enhanced by, affective and social behavior. The pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) mediates the production of, and/or metabolism to, various neurobiological factors. PXR is localized to the midbrain VTA of rats. The role of PXR to influence 3α,5α-THP production from central biosynthesis, and/or metabolism of peripheral P4, in the VTA, as well as its role to facilitate, or be increased by, affective/social behaviors is under investigation. Investigating novel behavioral functions of 3α,5α-THP extends our knowledge of the neurobiology of progestogens, relevant for affective/social behaviors, and their connections to systems that regulate affect and motivated processes, such as those important for stress regulation and neuropsychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, drug dependence). Thus, further understanding of 3α,5α-THP’s role and mechanisms to enhance affective and motivated processes is essential.
Anthropology as Reality Show and as Co-production: Internal Relations between Theory and Activism

A conjunction of forces associated with globalization has contributed to changes in the world studied by anthropology as well as changes in anthropology itself. Both critical theoretical analysis and pragmatic activism are called for to address these changes and support the struggles of those with whom anthropologists work for rights, economic progress and social and cultural autonomy. Activism in this context has important contributions to make to theoretical understanding, just as critical theoretical understanding can clarify the sources and relationships of new ideological formations within anthropology with the real world they seek to explain.
Modeling the coalescence of heterogenous amorphous particles

Abstract A model is developed for the coalescence of unequal-sized amorphous primary particles commonly found in aerosol aggregates. Computational efficiency is achieved by deriving an analytical expression for the surface geometry of the coalescing particles and subsequently decoupling surface evolution from the fluid dynamic equations. Calculated shrinkage lengths and surface areas are in good agreement with results reported from finite element calculations for all particle size ratios considered. Results indicate that above a size ratio of 4, the normalized coalescence rate is independent of size ratio. Applying these results to the coalescence of SiO 2 particles indicates that rates are primarily dependent on the diameter of the smaller particle, although coalescence times do not scale linearly with either particle size ratio or total particle mass. Comparison with the widely used exponential model of Koch and Friedlander suggests that rates of surface area decrease are under-predicted by the Koch and Friedlander model. Modified values of the decay constant for both equal sized and heterogeneously sized particles are therefore proposed, with the value decreasing with increasing size ratio of the coalescing pair.
Malignant Melanoma Prognostic Factors 5: Clinical Staging

. Regional lymph node enlargement, as determined by palpation, is a useful prognostic factor—even if these nodes are histologically free of metastases. This is true not only for malignant melanoma but also for mycosis fungoides and carcinoma of the vulva.
Back to the 1990s? Comparing the Discourses of 20th- and 21st-Century Digital Image Ethics Debates

In 2010, New York Times photographer Damon Winter sparked controversy when he used an iPhone equipped with the Hipstamatic application to produce heavily filtered, Polaroid-style front-page photographs of U.S. troops in Afghanistan. The debate over whether such images were photojournalism, or merely photographs, was reignited the next year as some of his images were honored in one of the country's most prestigious photojournalism competitions, and the practice of using filter-friendly apps for journalism spread. This article compares professional discourses around such journalistic use of smartphone apps with discourses that developed earlier in the digital era around digital image manipulation in Photoshop, with the goal of proposing ways to interrogate imaging technology controversies yet to come.
Blood glucose and liver glycogen content in male whirler mice

Des Dosages biochimiques du glucose sanguin et du glycogene hepatique chez des souris mâles homozygotes tourneurs ont montre une diminution nette des taux de glucose sanguin et de glycogene hepatique chez ces animaux compares a ceux d'animaux heterozygotes issus d'une meme portee phenotypiquement normaux.
Conformational prediction and circular dichroism studies on the lac repressor.

Abstract Using the protein predictive model of Chou & Fasman (1974b), the secondary structure of the lac repressor has been elucidated from its amino acid sequence of 347 residues. The conformation is predicted to contain 37% α-helix and 35% β-sheet for the repressor, and 29% helix and 41% β-sheet for the trypsin-resistant core (residues 60 to 327). Circular dichroism studies indicate that native lac repressor contains 40% helix and 42% β-sheet, while the core has 16% helix and 54% β-sheet, in general agreement with the predicted conformation. The sharp reduction in helicity for the trypsinized lac repressor could be due to the loss of two long helical regions, 26–45 and 328–344, predicted at both terminals. There are extensive β-sheets predicted in the 215–324 region, which may be responsible for tetrameric stabilization found in both the lac repressor and the core. Residues 17 to 33 were previously predicted by Adler et al. (1972) to be helical and were proposed to bind in the major groove of DNA. However, the present analysis shows that there are two anti-parallel β-sheet regions: 4–7 and 17–24 at the N-terminal as well as 315–318 and 321–324 at the C-terminal of the lac repressor. These β-sheet pairs may assume the twisted “polypeptide double helix” conformation (Carter & Kraut, 1974) and bind to complementary regions in the major groove of DNA. The OH groups of Tyr at the N-terminal and those of Thr and Ser side chains, in both β-sheets at the N and C-terminal ends, could form hydrogen bonds to specific sites on the lac operator. There are 23 reverse β-turns predicted that may control the tertiary folding of the lac repressor, which is essential for operator binding. The behavior of several lac repressor mutants can be satisfactorily explained in terms of polar to non-polar group replacements as well as conformational changes in light of the present predicted model.
Gram Quantity Separation of DNP (Dinitrophenyl) Amino Acids with Multi-Layer Coil Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC)

Abstract The efforts have been successfully made to extend the preparative capability of the high-speed CCC scheme with a multi-layer large capacity coiled column. The apparatus is a table top model of a horizontal flow-through coil planet centrifuge which produces a synchronous planetary motion of the column holder. The separation column was prepared from a single piece of 70 m long, 2.6 mm i.d., PTFE tubing coiled around the spool-shaped holder to form multiple layers of the coil with a total capacity of about 400 ml. The performance of the apparatus was assessed with a standard set of DNP amino acid samples and a two-phase solvent system composed of chloroform, acetic acid and 0.1N HCl (2:2:1). Preparative capability of the method was evaluated in terms of the retention level of the stationary phase and peak resolution for various sample size ranging from 0.05g to 2g. The effects of sample volume, sample concentration and the choice of the sample diluent on the separation were studied. The results indi...
Inactivation of West Nile virus, vaccinia virus and viral surrogates for relevant and emergent viral pathogens in plasma-derived products.

Background and Objectives Human plasma is the source of a wide variety of therapeutic proteins, yet it is also a potential source of viral contamination. Recent outbreaks of emergent viral pathogens, such as West Nile virus, and the use of live vaccinia virus as a vaccine have prompted a reassessment of the viral safety of plasma-derived products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of current viral inactivation methods for West Nile and vaccinia viruses and to reassess the use of model viruses to predict inactivation of similar viral pathogens. Materials and Methods Virus-spiked product intermediates were processed using a downscaled representation of various manufacturing procedures. Virus infectivity was measured before and after processing to determine virus inactivation. Results The results demonstrated effective inactivation of West Nile virus, vaccinia virus and a model virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, during pasteurization, solvent/detergent treatment and caprylate treatment. Caprylate provided rapid and effective inactivation of West Nile virus, vaccinia virus, duck hepatitis B virus and Sindbis virus. Inactivation of West Nile virus was similar to that of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. Conclusions This study demonstrates that procedures used to inactivate enveloped viruses in manufacturing processes can achieve inactivation of West Nile virus and vaccinia virus. In addition, the data support the use of model viruses to predict the inactivation of similar emergent viral pathogens.
Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (Trevor disease): a rare developmental disorder of bone mimicking osteochondroma of long bones

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) is a rare developmental disorder of childhood and is characterized by asymmetric enlargement of the epiphyseal cartilage of the long bones. After 4 to 5 years of age, the lesions histologically resemble osteochondroma. To our knowledge, only one publication of this entity is available in an English pathology journal. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of 9 cases of DEH were retrospectively reviewed. The patients' age ranged from 3 to 15 years with single or multiple lesions of the femur, fibula, tibia, and talus. The etiology and pathogenesis of DEH are not known. Its origin and evolution has initially apparent similarities to the development and growth of epiphyseal secondary ossification centers. DEH can be differentiated from osteochondroma of long bones using clinical, radiologic, and pathologic parameters. DEH occurs in young children and adolescents manifesting as lesions that arise particularly from the epiphysis of the lower extremities and tarsus. Osteochondroma, in contrast, occurs most frequently between 10 and 30 years of age and originates from the metaphysis of long bones. Although the DEH cartilage resembles osteochondroma, there are several significant histologic differences. During infancy, lesions of DEH histologically reveal osteocartilaginous nodules that resemble secondary ossification centers. Usually after 4 to 5 years of age they develop into osteochondroma-like lesions. Although all cases of DEH contain small areas of calcified cartilage beneath the cartilage cap, a significant percentage of osteochondromas show large amounts. The nodules and cartilage cap of DEH contain bands of cartilage separating areas of cancellous bone; these bands are not present in osteochondroma. Among the other distinguishable features, recent molecular studies of DEH demonstrated normal expression levels of EXT1 and EXT2 genes, comparable to that of normal growth plate. Osteochondroma, in contrast, has low levels of EXT1 and EXT2 gene expression due to gene mutation. The histologic differences in combination with the distinct clinical and radiographic features should enable a pathologist to differentiate these entities.
Recursive ULV decomposition

The ULV decomposition (ULVD) is an important member of a class of rank-revealing two-sided orthogonal decompositions used to approximate the singular value decomposition (SVD). The ULVD can be modified much faster than the SVD. The accurate computation of the subspaces is required in applications in signal processing. In this paper we introduce a recursive ULVD algorithm which is faster than all available stable SVD algorithms. Moreover, we present an alternative refinement algorithm.
Recent progress in cytomegalovirus research.

The following is a summary of new developments in cytomegalovirus (CMV) research reported during the Second International Cytomegalovirus Workshop, held in San Diego, CA, March 25-27, 1989. The workshop was organized by Deborah H. Spector and Stephen A. Spector of the University of California at San Diego. The shear number of contributors precludes acknowledgement of each individual, but an effort has been made to present each advance in a historical context. Previously published references are indicated numerically, whereas results that were presented for the first time at the meeting are cited by the first author on the submitted abstract.
Replacement Gases for SF6

Sparking potential measurements are reported on some thirty-five electronegative gases. Their value as replacement gases for SF6 has been analyzed in terms of their useful pressure range at lower operating temperatures, and has been empirically correlated with molecular structures. Figures of merit have been developed.
Glutamate Receptor Subtypes Evidenced by Differences in Desensitization and Dependence on the GLR3.3 and GLR3.4 Genes

Ionotropic glutamate (Glu) receptors in the central nervous system of animals are tetrameric ion channels that conduct cations across neuronal membranes upon binding Glu or another agonist. Plants possess homologous molecules encoded by GLR genes. Previous studies of Arabidopsis thaliana root cells showed that the amino acids alanine (Ala), asparagine (Asn), cysteine (Cys), Glu, glycine (Gly), and serine trigger transient Ca2+ influx and membrane depolarization by a mechanism that depends on the GLR3.3 gene. This study of hypocotyl cells demonstrates that these six effective amino acids are not equivalent agonists. Instead, they grouped into hierarchical classes based on their ability to desensitize the response mechanism. Sequential treatment with two different amino acids separated by a washout phase demonstrated that Glu desensitized the depolarization mechanism to Gly, but Gly did not desensitize the mechanism to Glu. All 36 possible pairs of agonists were tested to characterize the desensitization hierarchy. The results could be explained by a model in which one class of channels contained a subunit that was activated and therefore desensitized only by Glu, while a second class could be activated and desensitized by Ala, Cys, Glu, or Gly. A third class could be activated and desensitized by any of the six effective amino acids. Analysis of knockout mutants indicated that GLR3.3 was a required component of all three classes of channels, while the related GLR3.4 molecule specifically affected only two of the classes. The resulting model is an important step toward understanding the biological roles of these enigmatic ion channels.
Computed tomography in acute head injuries

Computed tomography (CT) is ideally suited for detection of intracranial pathology, whereas plain radiography is limited to the bony structures. Distinguishing surgical and nonsurgical lesions is quite feasible with CT. Follow-up examinations are non-traumatic and carry minimal risk to the critically ill patient. In the great majority of head trauma cases, the recognition of pathology is unequivocal, thus facilitating proper management.
Family Preservation Workers: Sources of Job Satisfaction and Job Stress:

This article reports the results of a pilot survey to examine staff burnout and sources of job satisfaction and job stress among intensive family preservation workers. Participants in this study were found to be moderately to highly emotionally exhausted as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The intense time-limited nature of the work was perceived as a stressor. Opportunities for improving skills and professional growth were viewed as major sources of satisfaction. Implications are drawn for social work in-service training and worker supervision.
TEACHING PERFORMANCE NORMS IN ACADEMIA

As most faculty have autonomy in their teaching, social control mechanisms to guide teaching in the interests of clients are needed. Thus, this study posed the question: What is the normative system for undergraduate college teaching? To answer this question, the College Teaching Behaviors Inventory was administered to a sample of 800 faculty holding appointments in biology, history, mathematics, and psychology at Research I Universities and Comprehensive Colleges and Universities II. Principal components analysis was used to identify four patterns of teaching norms: interpersonal disregard, inadequate planning, moral turpitude, and particularistic grading. Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in the degree of impropriety accorded to these normative patterns by academics in the two types of institutions and in the four academic disciplines included in this inquiry. Although institutional differences were observed for interpersonal disregard and inadequate planning, disciplinary differences were not found for any of the four normative patterns. Conclusions and implications of these findings are presented.
Upper limits on liquid water in the Venus atmosphere

Abstract : The purpose of the report is to point out one consequence of the discovery of HCl and HF in the Venus atmosphere, namely, that on account of the presence of HCl there cannot be much liquid water in the atmosphere. HCl is highly soluble in water, and the resulting acid has a high DC conductivity. If there were much of this acid in the Venus atmosphere, the long wavelength radar signals would be strongly attenuated, whereas the radar signals appear to reach the planet's surface with little attenuation. (Author)
Primary school student employment and academic achievement in Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru

. Across Latin America, large numbers of students engage in non-school work during their years of compulsory education, either in the home or in an outside job. Drawing upon newly available data, this article uses OLS and multi-level models to detect associations between different intensities and locations of employment and student achievement in mathematics and reading in the final year of primary school in four Andean countries. Even after controlling for the selection of working students into worse schools, employment is found to have a detrimental impact on achievement, especially when students work four or more hours per day.
SADV: Static-Node-Assisted Adaptive Data Dissemination in Vehicular Networks

Vehicular networks have recently attracted great interest in the research community, and multihop data dissemination has become an important issue. To improve data-delivery performance, we propose deploying static nodes at road intersections to help relay data. In this paper, we present SADV, which is a static-node assisted adaptive data-dissemination protocol for vehicular networks. With the assistance of static nodes at intersections, a packet is forwarded to the static node when there are no vehicles available to deliver the packets along the optimal path. The static node is able to store the packet and transmit it when the optimal delivery path becomes available. In addition, we let adjacent static nodes measure the delay of forwarding data between each other in real time so that the routing decision that is made at static nodes can adapt to the changing vehicle densities. Moreover, a multipath routing mechanism is also adopted in SADV, which is effective in reducing the data-delivery delay. Our simulation results show that SADV outperforms other multihop data dissemination protocols, particularly under median or low vehicle density where the network is frequently partitioned. In this paper, we also present some heuristic deployment strategies to maximize SADV performance under partial deployment of static nodes and analyze them by simulations.
Activin A promotes progenitor differentiation into photoreceptors in rodent retina.

Activins are TGF b-like proteins that were first discovered for their actions on the reproductive system, but have subsequently been shown to play a role in a variety of developmental processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that activins and their receptors are present in the developing retina, as well as other regions of the embryonic nervous system. We used both in vitro and in vivo approaches to test for functions of activin during retinal development. We found that activin A treatment of embryonic day 18 rat retinal cultures causes the progenitor cells in the cultures to exit the cell cycle and differentiate into rod photoreceptors. This effect is dose-dependent and the promotion of rod photoreceptor differentiation is specific, since the other primary retinal neurons generated in these cultures, the C11 amacrine cells, are not affected by activin A treatment. Mice with homozygous deletion of the activin bA gene show a specific decrease in the number of rod photoreceptors compared to wild-type or heterozygous littermates. These data demonstrate that activin A is an important regulator of photoreceptor differentiation in the developing retina.
Factors Associated With Where Secondary Students With Disabilities Are Educated and How They Are Doing

The focus of this study was on increasing the knowledge base on students with disabilities at the secondary level. Data were gathered on 559 classified secondary students with disabilities served in four educational options: cotaught classes, resource rooms, alternate day support programs, and no direct supports. Results indicate that there are associations between classification and placement options, differences in full-scale IQ by placement option, differences in the numbers of related services and the number of testing accommodations students receive based on placement option, associations among placement option and both related services and testing accommodations, and no differences in grades by placement option. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Social disparities in BMI trajectories across adulthood by gender, race/ethnicity and lifetime socio-economic position: 1986–2004

Background The prevalence of obesity and overweight is rapidly increasing in industrialized countries, with long-term health and social consequences. There is also a strong social patterning of obesity and overweight, with a higher prevalence among women, racial/ethnic minorities and those from a lower socio-economic position (SEP). Most of the existing work in this area, however, is based on cross-sectional data or single cohort studies. No national studies to date have examined how social disparities in obesity and overweight differ by age and historical period using longitudinal data with repeated measures. Methods We used panel data from the nationally representative Monitoring the Future Study (1986–2004) to examine social disparities in trajectories of body mass index (BMI) over adulthood (age 18–45). Self-reported height and weight were collected in this annual US survey of high-school seniors, followed biennially since 1976. Using growth curve models, we analysed BMI trajectories over adulthood by gender, race/ethnicity and lifetime SEP (measured by parents’ education and respondent's education). Results BMI trajectories exhibit a curvilinear rate of change from age 18 to 45, but there was a strong period effect, such that weight gain was more rapid for more recent cohorts. As a result, successive cohorts become overweight (BMI > 25) at increasingly earlier points in the life course. BMI scores were also consistently higher for women, racial/ethnic minority groups and those from a lower SEP. However, BMI scores for socially advantaged groups in recent cohorts were actually higher than those for their socially disadvantaged counterparts who were born 10 years earlier. Conclusions Results highlight the importance of social status and socio-economic resources for maintaining optimal weight. Yet, even those in advantaged social positions have experienced an increase in BMI in recent years.
Classification of real measurement representations by scale type

Abstract The scale type ( M, N ) of an ordered relational structure is defined in terms of two properties, called M- point homogeneity and N- point uniqueness, of the automorphism group of the structure. For real structures on an open interval, scale types (1, 1) and (2, 2) correspond to ratio and interval representations, respectively. Accepting certain key properties, such as transitivity of the ordering relation and, in the case of a binary operation, monotonicity, and assuming that a real representation exists, then for each scale type whose real transformation group is known, the possible forms for the representation can be derived. For structures with a monotonic, binary operation, this is done completely for the ratio and interval cases, and incompletely in what is shown to be the only other interesting case exhibiting substantial symmetry, (1, 2). These results are then used to gain a better understanding of the psychological theory of utility of gambles and the possible generalisations of multiplicative conjoint structures, which are of importance in dimensional analysis.
Flight to quality or to captivity? Information and credit allocation

Superior information exchanged over the course of lending relationships generates bank-client specificities to the extent that such information cannot be communicated credibly to outsiders. Consequently, banks obtain higher profits from more captured borrowers than from borrowers with financing alternatives. We refer to this as a flight to captivity effect. Negative shocks, associated with monetary contractions or foreign entry, cause a reallocation of bank credit away from more transparent borrowers and toward more opaque, more captured borrowers. The paper applies these ideas to the analysis of bank behavior in transition economies after financial liberalization and monetary policy contractions.
Blood Flow Velocity Profiles in Pulmonary Branch Arteries in Lambs

We studied the detailed profiles of blood flow in the right and left pulmonary arteries using 20 MHz pulsed Doppler ultrasound equipment in a lamb model. Fourteen lambs aged four to six weeks were selected. In six lambs, monocrotaline pyrrole was injected parenterally to create pulmonary hypertension (PH group). Eight other lambs served as unaltered controls (control group). The blood flow velocities were sampled in 1mm increments along the anterior-posterior axis of the branch arteries. The maximum velocity of the forward flow in the left pulmonary artery was higher than that in the right pulmonary artery in the control group (71.7 +/- 15.9 cm/s vs 60.2 +/- 13.5; p < 0.05). The fastest backward flow was located at the posterior position of the vessel in the right pulmonary artery in the control group (71.7 +/- 15.9 cm/s vs 60.2 +/- 13.5; p < 0.05). The fastest backward flow was located at the posterior position of the vessel in the right pulmonary artery in the control group. No significant bias in location was shown in the left pulmonary artery. Using indices of P90, acceleration time, P90*AcT, the velocity waveforms in the PH group were compared with those in the control group. In the left pulmonary artery, every index in the control group showed a significantly greater value that in the PH group. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between either group in the right pulmonary artery.
The Evolution of Strategic Simplicity: Exploring Two Models of Organizational Adaption

Some companies compete in a comprehensive and multifaceted way, paying close attention to costs, quality, marketing, expansion, and innovation. Others embrace much simpler competitive strategies and concentrate on just one or two of these elements. This paper examines the causes and consequences of such strategic simplicity in two very different environments: the stable furniture industry and the more turbulent software industry. It was found that a “passive” model of organizational adaptation applied in the former industry: firms simplified their strategic repertoires unless managers felt their firms were threatened or unless the firms had built in slack resources. Thus, simplicity was inversely related to managerial discomfort and administrative slack, and positively associated with financial liquidity. By contrast, an “opportunistic” model of adaptation seemed to characterize the behavior of companies in the more turbulent computer software industry. In this setting, firms tended to expand their repert...
Continuity in the Provider of Home-Based Physical Therapy Services and Its Implications for Outcomes of Patients

Background A growing body of research suggests that greater continuity of health care is positively associated with improved outcomes of patients. However, few studies have examined this issue in the context of physical therapy. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the level of continuity in the provider (provider continuity) of physical therapy services was related to outcomes in a population of patients receiving home health care. Design This was a retrospective observational study. Methods Clinical and administrative records were retrieved for a population of adult patients receiving physical therapy services from a large, urban, not-for-profit certified home health care agency in 2009. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were used to examine how the level of provider continuity, calculated by use of a formula that models dispersion in contact between the patient and the providers of physical therapy services, varied across characteristics and outcomes of patients. Results Logistic regression analyses indicated that patients with lower levels of provider continuity had significantly higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]=2.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.90–2.23) and lower odds of improvements in the number of activity limitations (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.80–0.92) and in the severity of activity limitations (OR=0.85, 95% CI=0.78–0.93) between the beginning and the end of the home health care episode. Limitations Baseline clinical characteristics associated with continuity of care suggest some level of indication bias. Outcome measures for activities of daily living were limited to patients who were not hospitalized during their home health stay. Conclusions These findings build upon research suggesting that continuity in the patient-provider relationship is an important determinant of outcomes of patients.
Decision support systems for tool management in FMS

A decision support system (DSS) for tool management in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is presented. First an overview of tool management functions and tooling system components is given. Then the essential components in the design of a DSS are presented and the implementation and benefits derived from the system are discussed. >
The Monomeric Clathrin Assembly Protein, AP180, Regulates Contractile Vacuole Size in Dictyostelium discoideum

AP180, one of many assembly proteins and adaptors for clathrin, stimulates the assembly of clathrin lattices on membranes, but its unique contribution to clathrin function remains elusive. In this study we identified the Dictyostelium discoideum ortholog of the adaptor protein AP180 and characterized a mutant strain carrying a deletion in this gene. Imaging GFP-labeled AP180 showed that it localized to punctae at the plasma membrane, the contractile vacuole, and the cytoplasm and associated with clathrin. AP180 null cells did not display defects characteristic of clathrin mutants and continued to localize clathrin punctae on their plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm. However, like clathrin mutants, AP180 mutants, were osmosensitive. When immersed in water, AP180 null cells formed abnormally large contractile vacuoles. Furthermore, the cycle of expansion and contraction for contractile vacuoles in AP80 null cells was twice as long as that of wild-type cells. Taken together, our results suggest that AP180 plays a unique role as a regulator of contractile vacuole morphology and activity in Dictyostelium.
GSK-3α Promotes Oncogenic KRAS Function in Pancreatic Cancer via TAK1–TAB Stabilization and Regulation of Noncanonical NF-κB

Mutations in KRAS drive the oncogenic phenotype in a variety of tumors of epithelial origin. The NF-κB transcription factor pathway is important for oncogenic RAS to transform cells and to drive tumorigenesis in animal models. Recently, TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), an upstream regulator of IκB kinase (IKK), which controls canonical NF-κB signaling, was shown to be important for chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer and for regulating KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we show that mutant KRAS upregulates glycogen synthase kinase 3α (GSK-3α), leading to its interaction with TAK1 to stabilize the TAK1-TAB complex to promote IKK activity. In addition, GSK-3α is required for promoting critical noncanonical NF-κB signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. Pharmacologic inhibition of GSK-3 suppresses growth of human pancreatic tumor explants, consistent with the loss of expression of oncogenic genes such as c-myc and TERT. These data identify GSK-3α as a key downstream effector of oncogenic KRAS via its ability to coordinately regulate distinct NF-κB signaling pathways.
Intravenous bretylium overdose

An 81.5-mg/kg intravenous overdose of bretylium tosylate was administered to a 74-year-old patient after resuscitation from inferior wall myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest. The patient exhibited prolonged neurological depression with eventual neurological recovery. This case demonstrates the central nervous system depression that can occur with bretylium overdose. The emergency physician should be aware of this effect and avoid ending lifesaving measures because of apparent brain death in patients with bretylium overdose.
Ultrasonic Propagation near the Critical Point in Helium

A logarithmic singularity in the specific heat at constant volume C v at the critical point has recently been reported to occur in argon1 and oxygen.2 Such a result is in direct contradiction to standard theory,3,4 according to which C v must remain finite at the critical point. It can readily be shown5 that these results imply the existence of a corresponding singularity in the adiabatic compressibility κ s , accompanied by a zero in the sound velocity u and large absorption. Sound velocity measurements might thus serve to confirm the reported behavior of C v ; in addition, they have several other advantages. The available resolution (≈0.01%) is much greater than in specific-heat measurements, and each observation is made at a fixed temperature instead of over a temperature interval. If measurements are made along a suitable line in the phase diagram, e.g., an isotherm or an isobar, it is possible to remain in a homogeneous phase at all times, whereas measurements of C v along an isopycnal are necessarily carried out in the mixed phase below T c . In the latter circumstances small departures of ρ from the critical value may lead to large contributions from the latent heat close to T c . We have accordingly undertaken a study of the sound velocity at 1 Mcps in the critical region of helium (T c = 5.1994°K, P c = 1718 mm of mercury). Similar measurements have previously been made in xenon,6 but with insufficient resolution to detect the presence of a singularity in the compressibility.
Child Maltreatment and Childhood Injury Research: A Cognitive Behavioral Approach

Objective Both child maltreatment and childhood injuries affect large numbers of children each year. In a seminal paper, Peterson and Brown (1994) drew parallels in the antecedents of both forms of harm and suggested a more unified approach in research efforts and intervention development. This article provides a unified cognitive model that would both guide research and inform interventions directed at parents. Methods This article overviews information-processing elements that may explain parental oversights that would increase risk to children, including maladaptive parental schema, executive functioning problems, and maladaptive appraisals. Contextual variables that may negatively impact on information processing are also included. Results Studies supporting the validity of the model are presented, and implications for interventions are drawn. Data supporting the effectiveness of cognitive enhancements to current interventions are given. Conclusions The promise of such a unified model is discussed, and obstacles to its dissemination are presented.
Hybrid Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuit Technology

In this paper, we review the current status of the hybrid silicon photonic integration platform with emphasis on its prospects for increased integration complexity. The hybrid silicon platform is maturing fast as increasingly complex circuits are reported with tens of integrated components including on-chip lasers. It is shown that this platform is well positioned and holds great potential to address future needs for medium-scale photonic integrated circuits.
MLSD Bounds and Near-Optimum Receiver Designs for Clipped OFDM Channels

We derive very tight closed-form lower bounds of symbol/bit error probability for the maximum-likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) on the clipped OFDM channels with AWGN and flat block fading. We present a new near-optimum detection algorithm that achieves the MLSD bound with a few iterations for the clipped OFDM channel with both high and low clipping levels. We consider both Nyquist-rate and oversampled OFDM systems with rectangular QAM signaling.
Quantifying tolerance indicator values for common stream fish species of the United States

Abstract The classification of fish species tolerance to environmental disturbance is often used as a means to assess ecosystem conditions. Its use, however, may be problematic because the approach to tolerance classification is based on subjective judgment. We analyzed fish and physicochemical data from 773 stream sites collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program to calculate tolerance indicator values for 10 physicochemical variables using weighted averaging. Tolerance indicator values (TIVs) for ammonia, chloride, dissolved oxygen, nitrite plus nitrate, pH, phosphorus, specific conductance, sulfate, suspended sediment, and water temperature were calculated for 105 common fish species of the United States. Tolerance indicator values for specific conductance and sulfate were correlated (rho = 0.87), and thus, fish species may be co-tolerant to these water-quality variables. We integrated TIVs for each species into an overall tolerance classification for comparisons with judgment-based tolerance classifications. Principal components analysis indicated that the distinction between tolerant and intolerant classifications was determined largely by tolerance to suspended sediment, specific conductance, chloride, and total phosphorus. Factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH may not be as important in distinguishing between tolerant and intolerant classifications, but may help to segregate species classified as moderate. Empirically derived tolerance classifications were 58.8% in agreement with judgment-derived tolerance classifications. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that few TIVs, primarily chloride, could discriminate among judgment-derived tolerance classifications of tolerant, moderate, and intolerant. To our knowledge, this is the first empirically based understanding of fish species tolerance for stream fishes in the United States.
Interracial Contact and the Reduction of Prejudice

The idea that interracial contact can be effective in reducing racial pre judice, often referred to as the "contact hypothesis," has long been of in terest to researchers and other students of race relations. Studies which have attempted to test the contact hypothesis date back to at least 1943 (Smith, 1943) and are too numerous to be reviewed here.1 Suffice it to say that these studies have shown that contact does not always improve racial attitudes. This fact has long been recognized by scholars ? Robin Williams (1947) was one of the earliest ? who have theorized about the types of contact that are effective. However, few empirical contact studies have been much con cerned with testing these theories.2 If the interracial contact research has been rather unsophisticated and lacking in rigor, the same might be said for the contact theories. There has been relatively little theoretical advancement since Allport's discussion of the matter in The Nature of Prejudice (1954), some twenty years ago. In fact, in a recent highly charged controversy over the effects of busing for school integration (Amor, 1972; Armor, 1973; Pettigrew et al.9 1973), Allport's contact theory is treated as though it were the final and only theo ry of intergroup contact. However, the conditions of Allport's theory and the reason for its validity are not altogether clear. It is also not the only possible theoretical perspective on interracial contact. In this paper I shall try to clarify Allport's theory and then advance another contact theory bas ed upon Sherifs (1958) theory of superordinate goals. In discussing these theories I shall attempt to clarify the mechanisms by which certain types of contact reduce prejudice. And finally, I shall try to specify the types of pre judice (there are different types of prejudice as well as different types of con tact) for which each contact theory is effective. Although the discussion will be in terms of interracial contact, there is no inherent reason why the theo ries are not applicable to intergroup contact in general.
3D modeling of shear-slitting process for aluminum alloys

Abstract This work combines experimental studies with finite element simulations to develop a reliable numerical model for simulating the important shearing process in aluminum alloys. Burr formation in shearing is of critical concern with respect to the quality of the product. The paper discusses various aspects leading to the modeling of the shearing process with an aim to design process parameters for burr reduction. Three damage models are implemented in the finite element model for simulating the shearing process. Experiments with macroscopic and microscopic observations are used to characterize the material quantitatively and to calibrate the constitutive and damage models. The user material subroutine VUMAT is used for implementation of material and damage models in the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. Parametric studies are finally conducted to study the effect of process parameters on the shearing process and especially on burr formation.
The direct spectrophotometric determination of protein in cerebrospinal fluid.

A rapid and sensitive direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of cerebrospinal fluid protein which uses as little as 0.1 ml. of sample has been described. The result is not affected by the ratio of albumin to globulin in the sample. Interfering substances are removed prior to spectrophotometric measurement with an automatic separation chamber employing the principle of gel filtration. Slight alterations of the procedure described for the measurement of protein enable one to obtain the nonprotein moiety for study or to measure proteins in other biologic fluids.
Hibernator: helping disk arrays sleep through the winter

Energy consumption has become an important issue in high-end data centers, and disk arrays are one of the largest energy consumers within them. Although several attempts have been made to improve disk array energy management, the existing solutions either provide little energy savings or significantly degrade performance for data center workloads.Our solution, Hibernator, is a disk array energy management system that provides improved energy savings while meeting performance goals. Hibernator combines a number of techniques to achieve this: the use of disks that can spin at different speeds, a coarse-grained approach for dynamically deciding which disks should spin at which speeds, efficient ways to migrate the right data to an appropriate-speed disk automatically, and automatic performance boosts if there is a risk that performance goals might not be met due to disk energy management.In this paper, we describe the Hibernator design, and present evaluations of it using both trace-driven simulations and a hybrid system comprised of a real database server (IBM DB2) and an emulated storage server with multi-speed disks. Our file-system and on-line transaction processing (OLTP) simulation results show that Hibernator can provide up to 65% energy savings while continuing to satisfy performance goals (6.5--26 times better than previous solutions). Our OLTP emulated system results show that Hibernator can save more energy (29%) than previous solutions, while still providing an OLTP transaction rate comparable to a RAID5 array with no energy management.
Life-Coaching als Bestandteil von Führungskräfte-Coaching

Fuhrungskrafte-Coaching stellt ein wichtiges professionelles Instrument der Personalentwicklung dar und wird zur Starkung der Fuhrungs- und Managementkompetenz eingesetzt. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass neben den spezifischen Sachthemen der Arbeitswelt und ihrer Bedingungen jedoch auch personliche Themen der Klient/innen in den Coaching-Prozess eingehen mussen. Dies steht vor dem Hintergrund, dass Fuhrungskrafte nicht nur in ihrer fachlichen Kompetenz gefordert sind, sondern auch in ihrer gesamten Personlichkeit. An dieser Stelle erweitert sich das Fuhrungskrafte-Coaching zum Life-Coaching. In den folgenden Ausfuhrungen wird anhand eines konkreten Praxisbeispiels aus dem Themenbereich Work-Life-Balance aufgezeigt, wie Life-Coaching methodisch gelingen kann und wie sich die Aspekte Funktion und Person gegenseitig bedingen.
Beach Erosion during Minor Storm

Over 12 m³ of sand per meter of beach was eroded at Debidue Island, S.C. during a minor northeast storm on September 23, 1974. Process measurements and beach surveys made before, during, and after the storm isolate the period of maximum erosion and suggest the threshold process values at the initiation of erosion. Storm processes on the 23rd included winds of 9.1 m/s from the northeast, 6.5 sec breakers 100 cm to 120 cm high, and average wave steepness (H\uo/L\uo) equal to 0.012. The beach was 50% steeper than normal and contained well-developed cusps before the erosion, facilitating formation of a berm scarp. The bulk of erosion resulted from the undermining and slumping of the scarp at high tide. Threshold process values for Debidue Island at the onset of erosion (for tan β\N = 0.055) are estimated to include: wind velocity 7 to 9 m/s; wave height > 100 cm; wave period < 7.0 sec. These process values are exceeded up to 14% of the time, but significant erosion will only occur a few days each year due to the influence of beach slope, beach morphology, and water level on the erosional efficiency of waves.
The Artist and the Black University

(1969). The Artist and the Black University. The Black Scholar: Vol. 1, The Culture of Revolution, pp. 61-65.