cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Error in Medicine

Contents: J.T. Reason, Foreword. M.S. Bogner, Introduction. L.L. Leape, The Preventability of Medical Injury. J.A. Perper, Life-Threatening and Fatal Therapeutic Misadventures. H. Van Cott, Human Errors: Their Causes and Reduction. N. Moray, Error Reduction as a Systems Problem. G. Vroman, I. Cohen, N. Volkman, Misinterpreting Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: Blaming the Patient. R.L. Klatzky, J. Geiwitz, S.C. Fischer, Using Statistics in Clinical Practice: A Gap Between Training and Application. T.B. Sheridan, J.M. Thompson, People Versus Computers in Medicine. J.W. Senders, Medical Devices, Medical Errors, and Medical Accidents. D.I. Serig, Radiopharmaceutical Misadministrations: What's Wrong? D.M. Gaba, Human Error in Dynamic Medical Domains. R.L. Helmreich, H-G. Schaefer, Team Performance in the Operating Room. R.I. Cook, D.D. Woods, Operating at the Sharp End: The Complexity of Human Error. G.P. Krueger, Fatigue, Performance, and Medical Error. W.A. Hyman, Errors in the Use of Medical Equipment. M.H. Applegate, Diagnosis-Related Groups: Are Patients in Jeopardy? M.S. Bogner, Human Error in Medicine: A Frontier for Change. J. Rasmussen, Afterword.
Oral Argument and Impression Management: Harnessing the Power of Nonverbal Persuasion for a Judicial Audience

In essence, my article utilizes social science research on the topic of nonverbal communication in order to advance our understanding of what makes for effective oral advocacy. Currently, there are no articles that 1) give a comprehensive summary of the relevant social science research within the area of nonverbal persuasion and 2) apply that research specifically to the area of oral argument. My article attempts to fill both of these needs.As you will see in the article, nonverbal communication goes well beyond simple hand gestures, but also encompasses how a person speaks, how a person dresses, a person's facial expressivity, and even such things as a person's posture and head position. Furthermore, social science research reveals that both these and other nonverbal cues can greatly impact the perceived credibility and persuasiveness of a speaker. Not only that, but in many instances, listeners tend to place even more reliance on what a speaker is saying nonverbally than the actual substance of the speaker's presentation. Given that attorneys should seek to maximize their persuasive potential during oral argument, knowledge of this research and these various principles is essential. Section III of my article explores this research.Of course, what makes nonverbal persuasion somewhat different for oral advocates comes from the fact that the attorney is directing his argument not to a jury, but to a judge. As my article details, one of the ways a speaker nonverbally increases his ability to persuade is by employing nonverbal cues that enhance the speaker's perceived dominance. When appearing before a judge, however, the attorney must keep in mind that 1) it is the judge who is most dominant and 2) the judge expects nonverbal cues from the attorney that the attorney understands this hierarchy. Again using social science research, Section IV of my article explores this balancing act between dominance and submission and offers concrete advice on how oral advocates can navigate that somewhat thorny issue.
“Pulling” Nanoparticles into Water: Phase Transfer of Oleic Acid Stabilized Monodisperse Nanoparticles into Aqueous Solutions of α-Cyclodextrin

This paper describes a general method to drastically improve the dispersity of oleic acid stabilized nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. We use oleic acid stabilized monodisperse nanoparticles of iron oxides and silver as model systems, and have modified the surface properties of these nanoparticles through the formation of an inclusion complex between surface-bound surfactant molecules and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD). After the modification, the nanoparticles of both iron oxide and Ag can transfer from hydrophobic solvents, such as hexane, to α-CD aqueous phase. The efficiency of the phase transfer to the aqueous solutions depends on the initial α-CD concentration. The α-CD/oleic acid complex stabilized nanoparticles can be stable for long periods of time in aqueous phase under ambient atmospheric conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and colorimetric methods have been used in the characterization of these...
From Forest Regulation to Participatory Facilitation: Forest Employee Perspectives on Organizational Change and Transformation in India

Despite the critical role of government agencies in decentralizing natural resource governance, little work to date has focused on the organizational aspects of the responsible government bureaucracies. Based on a qualitative investigation of the perspectives of Forest Department employees involved in India's Joint Forest Management (JFM) program, this paper aims to provide an understanding of these internal dynamics. Elaborating on why bureaucracies with a learning orientation are essential if participatory natural resource management is to succeed, the paper underlines the constraints to transforming forest agencies' hierarchical work cultures. Foresters describe JFM as a radical departure from traditional forest governance, but suggest that corresponding transformation within the Forest Department has not occurred. Foresters cite as reasons: (1) a target-based incentive system that leaves little room for establishing the relationships with local people needed for collaborative management; (2) rigid rul...
Photoluminescence of hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract Photoluminescence has beeb proven to be a powerful technique in the characterization of a-Si:H. In particular, it has contributed to the elucidation of some aspects of the electronic structure. However, there is a set of controversial topics still under discussion including the idenntity of the luminescent transition and the origin of broadening of the emission spectrum. In this paper we study these problems and show that the specified width has its origin in both disorder and electron-phonon interaction. Luminescent decay at low temperature has been studied and lifetimes from 10−8 to 10−2 s have been confirmed. Photoconductivity and photoluminescence are shown to behave in a complementary way and activation energies for both processes are obtained. Also, the photoluminescence quenching and photoconductivity enhanced under an applied electric field have been measured an interpreted.
On the efficiency of environmental service payments: A forest conservation assessment in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica

Abstract This study examined the efficiency of programs supporting the conservation of forest resources and services through direct payments to land owners; or payments for environmental services (PES). The analysis is based on a sample of farms receiving and not receiving PES in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. Results indicate that payments have limited immediate effects on forest conservation in the region. Conservation impacts are indirect and realized with considerable lag because they are mostly achieved through land use decisions affecting non-forest land cover. PES seem to accelerate the abandonment of agricultural land and, through this process, forest regrowth and gains in services. This would be a double gain (current plus future forest services) except that our results also suggest that, in the absence of payments, forest cover would probably be similar in PES and non-PES farms and that forest regrowth would also take place, albeit at a slower rate. These findings have important policy implications. Specifically, they suggest that, locally, payments could be more effective if they are used for restoration purposes. In their current form, PES landholders have no long term obligation to let abandoned lands revert to forest. Payments for restoration would remove this uncertainty. Because of the lag in conservation outcomes, they may also be insufficient at larger geographic scales if there are other forest areas where the immediate risk of habitat and service loss is higher. In the short run, resources would be better used if invested in these higher-risk areas. At a more general level, this study lends support to the growing expectation that project administrators improve their capacity to target payments where they are most needed and not simply where they are most wanted.
Migrating relational data to an ODBMS: strategics and lessons from a molecular biology experience

The growing maturity of ODBMS technology is causing many enterprises to consider migrating relational databases to ODBMS's. While data remapping is relatively straightforward in most cases, greater challenges lie in economically and non-invasively adapting legacy application software. We report on a genetics laboratory database migration experiment, which was facilitated by both organization of the relational data in object-like form and a C++ framework designed to insulate application code from relational artifacts. Although this experiment was largely successful, we discovered to our surprise that the framework failed to encapsulate three subtle aspects of the relational implementation, thereby "contaminating" application code. We analyze the underlying issues, and offer cautionary guidance to future migrators.
Occurrence and core-envelope structure of 1–4× Earth-size planets around Sun-like stars

Small planets, 1–4× the size of Earth, are extremely common around Sun-like stars, and surprisingly so, as they are missing in our solar system. Recent detections have yielded enough information about this class of exoplanets to begin characterizing their occurrence rates, orbits, masses, densities, and internal structures. The Kepler mission finds the smallest planets to be most common, as 26% of Sun-like stars have small, 1–2 R⊕ planets with orbital periods under 100 d, and 11% have 1–2 R⊕ planets that receive 1–4× the incident stellar flux that warms our Earth. These Earth-size planets are sprinkled uniformly with orbital distance (logarithmically) out to 0.4 the Earth–Sun distance, and probably beyond. Mass measurements for 33 transiting planets of 1–4 R⊕ show that the smallest of them, R < 1.5 R⊕, have the density expected for rocky planets. Their densities increase with increasing radius, likely caused by gravitational compression. Including solar system planets yields a relation: ρ=2.32+3.19R/R⊕ [g cm^(-3)]. Larger planets, in the radius range 1.5–4.0 R⊕, have densities that decline with increasing radius, revealing increasing amounts of low-density material (H and He or ices) in an envelope surrounding a rocky core, befitting the appellation ‘‘mini-Neptunes.’’ The gas giant planets occur preferentially around stars that are rich in heavy elements, while rocky planets occur around stars having a range of heavy element abundances. Defining habitable zones remains difficult, without benefit of either detections of life elsewhere or an understanding of life’s biochemical origins.
Organizing a class in microcomputer to mainframe communication

Northwestern University, has a large number of users with their own microcomputers. Many of these microcomputer owners are interested in terminal emulation, and communication at baud rates approaching 9600. This paper describes the problems encountered in trying to meet the needs of users who attempt to communicate between their microcomputers and the mainframes available at Northwestern.
The Empowering Schools Project: Identifying the Classroom and School Characteristics That Lead to Student Empowerment

In an education system marred by inequity, urban schools in the United States are faced with the challenge of helping students from marginalized groups succeed. While many strategies have been tried, most are built on deficit-based models that blame students and teachers for a lack of achievement and ignore the role of power within the school setting. Building on the body of research on school climate, critical pedagogy, and empowering settings, the present study developed a model of student empowerment using a case study of an ethnically diverse urban high school in the midwestern United States. Participant observation, focus groups, and interviews were utilized to identify classroom and school characteristics related to student empowerment. Students reported equitable teacher–student relationships, integrated student leadership, and shared decision making. Similarly, school staff reported high staff empowerment and sense of community. The Student Empowerment Model is a useful framework for school improv...
A Quantitative Approach for Designing Multiple Product Platforms for an Evolving Portfolio of Products

Product variety can be provided more efficiently and effectively by creating families of products based on product platforms. One of the major advantages of the development of product platforms is the facilitation of an overall product development strategy, and an important factor in product development is the evolution of a family of products, including addition and retirement of products as well as changing demand and associated production quantities. In this paper, we present a quantitative approach for designing multiple product platforms for an evolving family of products. The approach is based on the utility-based compromise Decision Support Problem—a multi-objective decision support model with an objective function derived from utility theory. With this approach, a designer can model and consider multiple factors that influence the embodiment of product platforms as well as non-deterministic evolution of a portfolio of products serviced by the product platforms. We apply this approach to an example study of a family of absorption chillers, designed for a variable marketplace. Our emphasis is on the approach rather than the results, per se.© 2002 ASME
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation during task-oriented exercise improves arm function for an individual with proximal arm dysfunction after stroke.

This case report examined the effectiveness of a home program using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) during voluntary task-oriented exercise to achieve functional and impairment improvements for an individual with primarily proximal arm paresis after a stroke. The subject initially achieved a Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score of 58/66, but she reported minimal functional use of her involved, dominant arm. The 6-wk intervention consisted of NMES-assisted task practice involving repetitive reaching for and manipulation of small objects for three daily 1 5-min sessions. The subject applied NMES to the deltoid and triceps brachii muscles to augment shoulder flexion and abduction and elbow extension during task practice. Outcome measures included the FMA, the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the Motor Activity Log Quality of Movement subscale (MAL-QOM). The FMA remained unchanged, but the ARAT and MAL-QOM showed improvements, from the beginning to the conclusion of the intervention, that were maintained at 6-wk follow-up.
The Prothrombin Gene and Serine Proteinase Evolution

The gene coding for human prothrombin has been isolated from two human genomic DNA libraries using a human prothrombin cDNA. Present evidence indicates that the gene is approximately 24 kb in length with about 90% of the DNA representing intervening sequence. Thirteen intervening sequences were found to interrupt the region coding for the mRNA into 14 exons. These intervening sequences vary greatly in size and contain at least 11 copies of Alu repetitive DNA. The positions where several of the intervening sequences interrupt the coding region appear to separate functional and structural domains of the protein. A similar placement of intervening sequences in genes coding for proteins homologous to prothrombin has been observed and provides additional evidence that these proteins have evolved from a common ancestor.
Predictors of recurrent clinical stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer A prospective clinicopathologic study

A prospective clinicopatholooic study of 60 patients with clinical Stage I nonseminomatous testicular cancer (NSTC) has been reported. Of 60 patients with clinical Stage I NSTC who underwent retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLA), 6 proved to be Stage II, a staging error of 10 per cent. In 4 patients of the remaining 54, metastases developed in the lungs. In 1 patient metastases developed both in the lung and in retroperitoneal lymph nodes. There was no death in these groups of patients. These 10 patients with staging error and/or recurrence after RPLA have been analyzed for the causes of treatment failure utilizing a set of prognostic criteria (tumor cell type, vascular or lymphatic invasion in the primary tumor, extension to the spermatic cord, and size of the primary tumors). It has been concluded that embryonal carcinoma (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), and extension of the tumor to the spermatic cord (P < 0.001) are significant predictors of metastases and/or recurrence after RPLA in Stage I NSTC. A plan of management is suggested based on these criteria.
Time-Domain Filtering of Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Data

Four time-domain filtering methods are applied to simulated and experimental two-dimensional fluorescence data in order to evaluate their performance. The methods that were evaluated are (1) moving average, (2) Savitsky-Golay polynomial smoothing, (3) Chebyshev filtering, and (4) bicubic spline filtering. The methods are compared with the use of mean square error analysis and the difference in the amplitudes of the filtered noisy and ideal data. The two-dimensional version of the Savitzky-Golay filtering and the spline method produced the best overall results.
A Material Handling System Selection Model

Abstract A technique is presented which can be used to design, or assist in the design of, an integrated materials handling system for a manufacturing facility or a major department of the facility. The developed procedure selects the materials handling equipment to be used to perform a given set of moves in order to miriimize the system's costs associated with the handling, assuming the plant arrangement remains fixed. To demonstrate the selection procedure, an example problem is presented. Since the method is heuristic, no claim of optimality is made.
Cognitive Radio in TV White Space

In 2009, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) opened up unused television frequency bands for free and unlicensed operation, subject to some constraints. This band is called the TV White Space (TVWS). Applications envisioned for operation in the TVWS include Internet access points, femto-cellular base stations, smart-utility networks and emergency communication. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive framework for communication over the TVWS band. We develop novel techniques for modulation and adaptive channel coding for communication in the TVWS band. Since unlicensed TVWS spectrum usage is free, emphasis will be on power-efficiency of the modem. We propose an orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing (OFDM) based framework for adapting the transmission bandwidth to the available number of unused TV bands. Further, the OFDM model will also allow for adaptation of transmission parameters (power, modulation alphabet and code rate)observed interference temperature in each band.
Fatigue and physical activity in older women after myocardial infarction

Background Within 6 years of a myocardial infarction (MI) more women (35%) than men (18%) will have another MI. Participation in physical activity is one of the most effective methods to reduce cardiac risks; however, few older women participate. One of the most frequently reported barriers to physical activity is fatigue. Objectives The specific aims of this study were to (1) describe factors related to fatigue in older women after MI and (2) examine the relationship of fatigue to physical activity in older women after MI. Methods This descriptive correlational study examined the effects of age, body mass index, comorbidities, sleep, beta-blocker medication, depression, and social support on fatigue and physical activity in women (N = 84), ages 65 to 88 years old, 6 to 12 months post-MI. All women had their height and weight measured and completed (1) a health form on comorbidities, physical activity, and medication history; (2) the Geriatric Depression Scale; (3) the Epworth Sleepiness Scale; (4) the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale; and (5) the Social Provisions Scale. Results The majority (67%) of the women reported fatigue that they perceived as different from fatigue before their MI. Moderately strong correlations were noted among depression, sleep, and fatigue, and multivariate analysis indicated that depression and sleep significantly accounted for 32.7% of the variance in fatigue. Although only 61% of the women reported participating in physical activity for exercise, most were meeting minimal kilocalories per week for secondary prevention. Fatigue was not significantly associated with participation in physical activity. Conclusion Describing correlates to fatigue and older women’s participation in physical activity after MI are important to develop interventions targeted at increasing women’s participation in physical activity, thus decreasing their risk for recurrent MIs.
Effects of β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) on morphine dependence in rats and monkeys

Abstract The opioid μ receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) blocked the development of physical dependence in rats when infused simultaneously with morphine for 6 days. In addition, β-FNA given s.c. 24 h prior to the initiation and on day 3 of a 6 day period of morphine infusion in rats reduced the development of physical dependence in a dose-dependent manner. In morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys, β-FNA precipitated a prompt and long-lasting withdrawal, which was not reversed within by 30 h by subsequent injections of morphine. In contrast, naloxone-induced withdrawal lasted approximately 90 min. These results provide further evidence that β-FNA is a long-acting antagonist of the opioid μ receptor, and that this receptor has a major role in the development of morphine-induced physical dependence.
Gene expression profiling of relevant biomarkers for treatment evaluation in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to correlate with an array of clinically relevant biomarkers produced during inflammatory process. In this study, a novel gene expression profiling technology was developed and characterized to quantitatively measure the expression profiles of 34 genes selected based on their role in inflammation and their susceptibility to regulation by current MS treatment agents, beta-interferon (IFN) and glatiramer acetate (GA). Potential clinical applications of the technology were evaluated by in vitro and ex vivo analyses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from MS patients and controls. Interferon-inducible genes were universally up-regulated after in vitro treatment with beta-IFN while the expression of other selected genes encoding cytokines and molecules related to T cell trafficking, activation and apoptosis was variably affected. Beta-IFN and GA exhibited distinctive and characteristic regulatory effects on the expression of the selected genes. Similar regulatory properties of beta-IFN and GA were seen by ex vivo analysis of PBMC specimens in a self-paired study by comparing specific changes induced by beta-IFN or GA treatment in the same patients as well as in a group study by measuring specific profiles in treatment groups compared with an untreated group. Furthermore, the technology served as a simple and sensitive assay for detection of beta-IFN neutralizing antibody based on the blocking effect of serum antibodies on the known regulatory properties of beta-IFN on PBMC. The findings provide important information on the immunoregulatory properties of beta-IFN and GA and support potential clinical applications of this technology in detection of neutralizing antibody (NAB) and evaluation of treatment responses in MS patients.
Ozone in the Atlantic Ocean marine boundary layer

In situ atmospheric ozone measurements aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the 2008 Gas-Ex and AMMA research cruises were compared with data from four island and coastal Global Atmospheric Watch stations in the Atlantic Ocean to examine ozone transport in the marine boundary layer (MBL). Ozone measurements made at Tudor Hill, Bermuda, were subjected to continental outflow from the east coast of the United States, which resulted in elevated ozone levels above 50 ppbv. Ozone measurements at Cape Verde, Republic of Cape Verde, approached 40 ppbv in springtime and were influenced by outflow from Northern Africa. At Ragged Point, Barbados, ozone levels were ∼ 21 ppbv; back trajectories showed the source region to be the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Ozone measurements from Ushuaia, Argentina, indicated influence from the nearby city; however, the comparison of the daily maxima ozone mole fractions measured at Ushuaia and aboard the Gas-Ex cruise revealed that these were representative of background ozone in higher latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. Diurnal ozone cycles in the shipborne data, frequently reaching 6–7 ppbv, were larger than most previous reports from coastal or island monitoring locations and simulations based on HOx photochemistry alone. However, these data show better agreement with recent ozone modeling that included ozone-halogen chemistry. The transport time between station and ship was estimated from HYSPLIT back trajectories, and the change of ozone mole fractions during transport in the MBL was estimated. Three comparisons showed declining ozone levels; in the subtropical and tropical North Atlantic Ocean the loss of ozone was < 1.5 ppbv day−1. Back trajectories at Ushuaia were too inconsistent to allow for this determination. Comparisons between ship and station measurements showed that ozone behavior and large-scale (∼ 1000 km) multi-day transport features were well retained during transport in the MBL.
Location, structure, and seismicity of the Seattle fault zone, Washington: Evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and seismic-reflection data

A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey of the Puget Lowland shows details of the Seattle fault zone, an active but largely concealed east-trending zone of reverse faulting at the southern margin of the Seattle basin. Three elongate, east-trending magnetic anomalies are associated with north- dipping Tertiary strata exposed in the hanging wall; the magnetic anomalies indicate where these strata continue beneath glacial deposits. The northernmost anomaly, a narrow, elongate magnetic high, precisely correlates with magnetic Miocene volcanic conglomerate. The middle anomaly, a broad magnetic low, correlates with thick, nonmagnetic Eocene and Oligocene marine and fluvial strata. The southern anomaly, a broad, complex magnetic high, correlates with Eocene volcanic and sedimentary rocks. This tripartite package of anomalies is especially clear over Bainbridge Island west of Seattle and over the region east of Lake Washington. Although attenuated in the intervening region, the pattern can be correlated with the mapped strike of beds following a northwest-striking anticline beneath Seattle. The aeromagnetic and geologic data define three main strands of the Seattle fault zone identified in marine seismic-reflection profiles to be subparallel to mapped bedrock trends over a distance of >50 km. The locus of faulting coincides with a diffuse zone of shallow crustal seismicity and the region of uplift produced by the M 7 Seattle earthquake of a.d. 900–930.
Differential Impacts of Social Presence on the Behavior Modeling Approach

The continued and increasing use of online asynchronous learning (OAL) environments for training raises the question whether and to what extent behavior modeling, the most effective training method in live instruction, will prove to be effective in OAL environments. This article analyzes the effect of applying behavior modeling training in an OAL environment. Behavior modeling training can be delivered in three modes: face-to-face, videotaped, and scripted. Each behavior modeling mode expresses social presence to a different degree, which could impact both learning performance and the willingness of students to take online asynchronous training. This study reports on the effect of behavior modeling mode on these variables in an OAL environment. Nine hypotheses were proposed. Four hypotheses were supported and five were not. This research found that the face-to-face environment is not significantly more effective than an OAL environment.
Turnover of muscle and liver proteins in mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy.

Abstract Male mice with hereditary muscular dystrophy and their normal litter mates were injected intravenously with dl -leucine-1-C 14 . The specific radioactivity of skeletal muscle and liver proteins was determined at various intervals following injection. No significant differences were observed between turnovers of liver proteins of dystrophic and normal mice. In marked contrast, turnover of muscle proteins was accelerated in dystrophic mice, with the increase in catabolism apparently exceeding that in synthesis. This increase occurred in myofibrillar as well as sarcoplasmic proteins. These results indicate that loss of muscle proteins in myopathic mice is not the result of defective protein synthesis but of increased rate of protein turnover in which the more rapid rate of synthesis is exceeded by an even faster rate of catabolism.
Investigation of gas phase reactions of OH radicals with fluoromethane and difluoromethane using Ar-sensitized pulse radiolysis

Abstract Hydroxyl radical reactions were studied in gas phase CH3F and CH2F2 systems using an Ar-sensitized pulse radiolysis-absorption spectroscopy technique. Bimolecular H-atom abstraction rate constants were determined empirically by fitting the observed OH decay data to a first-order law, then plotting the apparent first-order rate constants against substrate concentration. The resulting values of the bimolecular rate constants in cm3 molec-1 s-1 are (1.71 ± 0.24) × 10-14 for OH + CH3F and (0.88 ± 0.14) × 10-14 for OH + CH2F2. Both values are in good agreement with previous results. Kinetic modeling showed a substantial contribution of radical-radical reactions to OH loss in both cases, but the data reduction procedure was successful in distinguishing the contribution due to the bimolecular OH-substrate abstraction process. Observed and computer simulated OH decay curves match satisfactorily for typical experiments, using initial OH concentrations and OH abstraction rate constants which were within ± 10% of the measured values.
Using Computational Methods to Reinvigorate an Undergraduate Physics Curriculum

Austin Peay State University's Department of Physics and Astronomy has reinvigorated its physics program by adding a required computational methods class and small computational components to classes across its curriculum. A front-to-back problem management approach has required a change in the way the department assesses students' performance
Mesoscale modeling of multi-protein-DNA assemblies: the role of the catabolic activator protein in Lac-repressor-mediated looping.

Abstract DNA looping plays a key role in the regulation of the lac operon in Escherichia coli . The presence of a tightly bent loop (between sequentially distant sites of Lac repressor protein binding) purportedly hinders the binding of RNA polymerase and subsequent transcription of the genetic message. The unexpectedly favorable binding interaction of this protein–DNA assembly with the catabolic activator protein (CAP), a protein that also bends DNA and paradoxically facilitates the binding of RNA polymerase, stimulated extension of our base-pair level theory of DNA elasticity to the treatment of DNA loops formed in the presence of several proteins. Here we describe in detail a procedure to determine the structures and free energies of multi-protein–DNA assemblies and illustrate the predicted effects of CAP binding on the configurations of the wild-type 92-bp Lac repressor-mediated O3–O1 DNA loop. We show that the DNA loop adopts an antiparallel orientation in the most likely structure and that this loop accounts for the published experimental observation that, when CAP is bound to the loop, one of the arms of LacR binds to an alternative site that is displaced from the original site by 5 bp.
Partitioning of F-Cl-OH between minerals and hydrothermal fluids

Abstract A thermodynamic analysis of F-Cl-OH partitioning between minerals and hydrothermal fluids has resulted in the retrieval of standard-state Gibbs free energies for fluormuscovite, fluorphlogopite, fluorannite, fluortremolite, fluortalc, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, chlorapatite, and chlorannite from hydrothermal experimental studies. Standard-state entropies, heat capacities, and volumes are either derived from experimental studies or estimated following Helgeson et al. (1978). The derived thermodynamic properties are internally consistent and consistent with the thermodynamic properties of minerals and aqueous species from Berman (1988, 1990), Sverjensky et al. (1991a), Shock and Helgeson (1988), and Shock et al. (1989), and therefore can be extrapolated over a wide range of temperatures and pressures for application to geochemistry, igneous and metamorphic petrology, and ore deposits. The derived standard-state thermodynamic properties for F and Cl endmember phases provide a basis for predicting the fluoride and chloride concentrations of former aqueous fluids from the measured F and Cl concentrations in minerals. Speciation and solubility calculations simulating F and Cl partitioning between minerals and hydrothermal fluids in the systems Na 2 O-K 2 OAl 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -HF-H 2 O and Na 2 O-K 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -HCl-H 2 O, and systems containing apatites, show that the partitioning is a strong function of temperature, pressure, and fluid composition. Increase of temperature favors partitioning of F into fluids with respect to minerals, while it favors partitioning of Cl into annite. The decrease of both pressure and pH of fluids favors partitioning of Cl into annite with respect to fluids. In addition to predicting fluoride and chloride concentrations in hydrothermal fluids, the results of this study enable mass transfer calculations including both F-C1-OH partitioning and metal complexing of halides during water-rock interactions in a variety of geological systems.
PARAMETER SELECTION FOR HOMOPOLAR GENERATORS USED AS PULSED ENERGY STORES

ABSTRACT A method of analysis is presented which shows the role played by collector current density in the design of homopolar generator energy stores (electro-mechanical capacitors). For a required energy storage capacity and peak current, it is shown how the designer may obtain some guidance in the selection of this parameter for five homopolar generator geometries.
Essential Features of a Non-processive Class V Myosin from Budding Yeast for ASH1 mRNA Transport

A feature of most class V myosins is their ability to move processively on actin. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a non-processive class V myosin, Myo4p, which is a single-headed but high duty cycle motor. Its cellular role is to asymmetrically transport more than 20 different mRNAs, a widely used strategy to polarize a protein within the cell. The most studied mRNA is ASH1, which is moved by Myo4p to the bud tip to repress mating type switching in the daughter cell. Here we determine the features of Myo4p that are necessary for correct localization of ASH1 mRNA to the daughter cell. This process requires the adapter protein She3p, and the mRNA binding protein She2p, which binds ASH1 at specific localization elements called zip codes. Based on a series of chimeric constructs, we showed that the rod region of Myo4p, but not the globular tail, is essential for correct localization of ASH1 mRNA. The rod thus contains the primary binding site for She3p, consistent with our earlier in vitro studies (Hodges et al., 2008). To test if mRNA localization is more efficient when two motors are coupled together, we compared transport by a constitutive dimer of Myo4p/She3p with a constitutive monomer. Correct ASH1 mRNA localization was achieved equally well with both constructs. This may reflect the fact that many mRNAs and thus many motors are part of the translocation complex. Our results show that the most important feature for correct localization is the retention of coupling between all the members of the complex (Myo4p- She3p-She2p-ASH1 mRNA), which is aided by She3p being a tightly bound subunit of Myo4p.
Determination of instantaneous buffer concentration for a monotonic flow gradient.

Abstract An equation to accurately determine the molar concentration of buffer at which a component is eluted from an ion exchange column under monotonic gradient flow conditions is derived. This equation for instantaneous concentration Q E (t)= Q 1 (0)V 2 − Q 2 (V 2 + Rt t ) V 1 −V 2 Rt t is also written as a FORTRAN II program for its solution and prediction of eluant molarity with respect to time and volume.
Evaluation of thyrotropin releasing hormone as a therapeutic intervention for endotoxemia

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) has been reported to reduce endotoxin-induced hypotension and mortality rate in conscious rats. Limited data are available to explain these effects. We evaluated hemodynamic parameters, metabolic function, tissue injury, and survival rate in three groups of instrumented conscious rats following intravenous endotoxin (20 mg/kg, LD/90-24 h) challenge. Pretreatment with TRH (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered 10 min before endotoxin (n = 10) and control (n = 10) animals were given an equivalent volume of saline. The post-treated group (n = 7) was given TRH at the nadir of the hypotensive response following endotoxin to duplicate published protocols. 5 min after endotoxin blood pressure and cardiac output were significantly higher in the post and pre-treatment groups, respectively, compared to the untreated group. There were no differences at other times. Systemic vascular resistance was not affected by either treatment mode at any time. TRH treatment following endotoxin resulted in transient increases in heart and respiration rates and decreased central venous pressure during the first 30 min. Metabolic function indicated by measurements of glucose, lactate, hematocrit, pH, PO2, and PCO2 at 60 and 240 min after endotoxin was not modified by TRH. The hemorrhagic small intestine characteristic of this model was not improved by either treatment mode. Mortality rates at 4 h after endotoxin were 20% for the untreated, 40% for the pre-treated, and 43% for the post-treated. These results suggest TRH exerts early transient effects on cardiovascular responses evoked by endotoxin in the conscious rat but no lasting beneficial effects were found to support the use of TRH as a mono-therapy for endotoxemia.
Generation of Schrödinger cats and entangled coherent states in the motion of a trapped ionby a dispersive interaction

A proposal for realizing one- and two-mode degenerate Raman coupled models, of the type proposed by Knight [Phys. Scr. T 12, 51 (1986)] in the context of quantum optics, for the motion of a trapped two-level ion, is presented. The interaction has a dispersive effect on the vibrational motion of the ion. For the one-mode case, an initial vibrational coherent state evolves into superpositions of coherent states (Schr\"odinger-cat states) correlated with the internal states of the ion. In the two-mode case, with initial coherent states in each mode, entanglements of coherent states between the modes correlated with the internal ionic states are obtained. Detection of such states is briefly discussed.
Flux pinning, granularity and the irreversibility line of the high- T c superconductor HgBa 2 Cu0 4+x

THE recent discoveries of superconductivity at 94 K in the single-CuO2-layer compound HgBa2CuO4+x (Hg-1201)1 and at 133 K in its two- and three-copper-layer analogues2 (Hg-1212 and Hg-1223) have renewed interest in the search for new high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors. But whatever the Tc, high values of intergrain critical current density are required for large-scale applications; thus, the material must have good electromagnetic connectivity between grains (it must not be electromagnetically granular) and it should be able to maintain its current-carrying capacity in high magnetic fields (it should have a high irreversibility field, H*(T)). Putilin et al.1 surmised that the small CuO2 layer spacing of Hg-1201 might yield a high H*(T). We report here that H*(T) is indeed significantly higher than for the two- and three-copper-layer Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O compounds (Bi-2212 and Bi-2223), but lower than for YBa2Cu3O7 (Y-123). The low-temperature flux pinning is also strong. Like Y-123, however, Hg-1201 is electromagnetically granular. A high degree of grain alignment will probably be necessary to remove this granularity; by analogy with the bismuth compounds, this is likely to be easier if the two-mercury-layer counterparts of Bi-22XY (Hg-2201, -2212 or -2223) can be synthesized.
Analytical Model for Single Event Burnout of Power MOSFETs

The processes causing single event burnout in power MOSFETs are modeled analytically, describing the evolution of the plasma-filament from an ion traversing the structure and the processes constituting the triggering mechanism of second breakdown. Analytically tractable models are achieved by employing simplifying approximations in common use in established semiconductor device theory, and by using initial conditions and parameters typical for simulations of single event upset phenomena. Comparative simplicity and tractability is favored over accuracy to gain lucid relationships between pertinent parameters, which can guide device design and optimization, aid the interpretation of results from simulation and experiment, and help in the development of simulation software.
The accumulation of malonyldialdehyde, an end product of membrane lipid peroxidation, can cause potassium leak in normal and sickle red blood cells

This study has examined the effect of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, on the K+ leak in normal (AA) and sickle (SS) red blood cells (RBCs). In vitro MDA accumulation in human RBCs was accomplished by treating them with exogenous standard MDA. MDA accumulation assessed by the thiobarbituric acid reactivity of in vitro MDA-treated RBCs was comparable to the RBCs in hemolytic anemias. There was a significant K+ leak in AA RBCs after in vitro treatment with MDA. The effect of MDA on the K+ leak was greater in SS RBCs. The increase in cellular K+ leak was significantly positively correlated with the extent of MDA accumulation as assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactivity.
Lectins stimulate pollen germination

POLLEN germination involves the conversion of the quiescent vegetative cell into a metabolically active and rapidly growing pollen tube1. Although many external factors influence pollen germination, no predominant control mechanism has been identified. In certain lymphocytes in culture, lectins (plant agglutinins) have been shown to stimulate quiescent cells to enlarge and synthesise DNA2,3. Lectins also bind to the surface of actively growing cells and cause agglutination of red blood cells and transformed or malignant cells2–4, of gametes of Chlamydomonas5 and of carrot protoplasts6. There have, however, been few studies of the effects of lectins on plant tissues. The results presented here show that the lectins, concanavalin A (con A) and phytohaemagglutinin-M (PHA), stimulate pollen of Lilium longiflorum to germinate more rapidly than controls, by reducing the length of the lag period before pollen tube emergence.
Interior-point methods for nonconvex nonlinear programming: cubic regularization

In this paper, we present a primal-dual interior-point method for solving nonlinear programming problems. It employs a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) perturbation to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) matrix to handle indefinite Hessians and a line search to obtain sufficient descent at each iteration. We show that the LM perturbation is equivalent to replacing the Newton step by a cubic regularization step with an appropriately chosen regularization parameter. This equivalence allows us to use the favorable theoretical results of Griewank (The modification of Newton's method for unconstrained optimization by bounding cubic terms, 1981), Nesterov and Polyak (Math. Program., Ser. A 108:177---205, 2006), Cartis et al. (Math. Program., Ser. A 127:245---295, 2011; Math. Program., Ser. A 130:295---319, 2011), but its application at every iteration of the algorithm, as proposed by these papers, is computationally expensive. We propose a hybrid method: use a Newton direction with a line search on iterations with positive definite Hessians and a cubic step, found using a sufficiently large LM perturbation to guarantee a steplength of 1, otherwise. Numerical results are provided on a large library of problems to illustrate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach on both unconstrained and constrained problems.
Sobre el alma: matrimonio, confesión y casuística en torno a El Burlador de Sevilla

Along its critical interpretations, El burlador de Sevilla has given ground to a series of disquisitions that have to do with the concept of «effective» and «sufficient grace» for a sinner to be forgiven. The present article widens the links between the drama and theological writings of its time, especially confessional and matrimonial casuistry, in order to approach a new theory of the donjuanesque soul, which puts it in a context of insurmountable irremission
Switching from protease-independent to protease-dependent cancer cell invasion.

Metastasis of tumor cells, starting from their infiltration of local tissues, is responsible for the vast majority of cancer-related deaths (1). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer cell invasion and migration during metastasis is critical for the development of novel therapies for cancer treatment. Cells have been proposed to employ either protease-dependent or protease-independent modes for migration and invasion (2). In response to matrix properties, moving cells degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules by upregulating or activating specific enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in cell protrusions confronting the dense mesh of the ECM (e.g., lamellipodia for cells on 2D substrates (3), dendritic protrusions of cells in a 3D matrix (4), and invadopodia for cells crossing the basement membrane (5)).
Familial Aggregation of Low-Renin Hypertension

Low-renin hypertension, representing roughly one quarter of all essential hypertension, is widely recognized by distinct physiological features, including salt-sensitivity, diuretic- responsiveness, and a favorable natural history. Although certain demographic features including age, ethnicity, and diabetes mellitus predispose to low-renin hypertension, these factors account for only a minority of cases. We examined familial concordance for renin status in 119 families with 257 hypertensive members. Low-renin was defined rigorously by plasma renin activity ≤0.69 ng angiotensin I/L per second, drawn when subjects had achieved balance after 5 to 7 days on a 10 mmol sodium diet and had stood upright for at least 1 hour. Given the prevalence of low-renin hypertension in our general population, low-renin hypertension was significantly more concordant among siblings than expected by chance ( P =0.01). There were twice as many low-renin families as expected (10.9% versus 5.5%), in sharp contrast to the normal-renin state, in which the observed and expected were similar (61.0% versus 58.6%). These results were independent of age, race, and gender. Variance in renin status attributable to family membership was 35%. Association studies were performed on 8 polymorphisms in 5 candidate genes, and significant association was confirmed with the G460W polymorphism of the adducin gene. Familial determinants, which are probably but not definitely genetic, contribute to the low-renin hypertension state.