cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FLOTRAN, a three-dimensional ground water model, with comparisons to analytical solutions and other models

FLOTRAN is a ground water flow and transport model developed in the past few years which takes advantage of recent advances in numerical methodology. FLOTRAN solves the governing equations for flow and contaminant transport using Godunov-mixed methods, in which a higher-order Godunov method is used to approximate the advective flux, and a mixed finite element method is used for the dispersive transport. A mixed finite element method is also used to solve the flow equation. As part of the development of this new model, we have tested it against known analytical and numerical solutions to the equations approximated by the model. In this work, we have tested FLOTRAN against 1-D and 2-D analytical solutions, Galya's 3-D horizontal plane source solution, two radial semi-analytical solutions, and two numerical models, BIOPLUME II and MT3D. We have also tested FLOTRAN on a hypothetical partially saturated flow problem. FLOTRAN performed well on these tests, generally matching analytical solutions to within a few percent, and matching as well as or better than the other numerical models in most cases.
Ancestral paternal genotype controls body weight and food intake for multiple generations

Current treatments have largely failed to slow the rapidly increasing world-wide prevalence of obesity and its co-morbidities. Despite a strong genetic contribution to obesity (40–70%), only a small percentage of heritability is explained with current knowledge of monogenic abnormalities, common sequence variants and conventional modes of inheritance. Epigenetic effects are rarely tested in humans because of difficulties arranging studies that distinguish conventional and transgenerational inheritance while simultaneously controlling environmental factors and learned behaviors. However, growing evidence from model organisms implicates genetic and environmental factors in one generation that affect phenotypes in subsequent generations. In this report, we provide the first evidence for paternal transgenerational genetic effects on body weight and food intake. This test focused on the obesity-resistant 6C2d congenic strain, which carries the Obrq2aA/J allele on an otherwise C57BL/6J background. Various crosses between 6C2d and the control C57BL/6J strain showed that the Obrq2aA/J allele in the paternal or grandpaternal generation was sufficient to inhibit diet-induced obesity and reduce food intake in the normally obesity-susceptible, high food intake C57BL/6J strain. These obesity-resistant and reduced food intake phenotypes were transmitted through the paternal lineage but not the maternal lineage with equal strength for at least two generations. Eliminating social interaction between the father and both his offspring and the pregnant dam did not significantly affect food intake levels, demonstrating that the phenotype is transmitted through the male germline rather than through social interactions. Persistence of these phenotypes across multiple generations raises the possibility that transgenerational genetic effects contribute to current metabolic conditions.
Teaching Language Minority Students in the Multicultural Classroom

1. Establishing the Rationale 2. Getting to Know Language Minority Students 3. Understanding Second Language Acquisition 4. Providing Comprehensible Lessons 5. Encouraging Interaction in the Multicultural Classroom 6. Appealing to a Variety of Learning Styles 7. Providing Effective Feedback 8. Testing in Culturally Responsive Ways 9. Interacting with Parents 10. Appreciating Cultural Diversity in the United States 11. Incorporating Your Students' Languages and Cultures
Fine Mapping and Functional Studies of Risk Variants for Type 1 Diabetes at Chromosome 16p13.13

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the chromosomal region 16p13.13, have been previously associated with risk for several autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes. In order to identify and localize specific risk variants for type 1 diabetes in this region and understand the mechanism of their action, we re-sequenced a 455 kb region in type 1 diabetes patients and unaffected controls, identifying 93 novel variants. A panel of 939 SNPs, that included 46 of these novel variants, was genotyped in 3,070 multiplex families with type 1 diabetes. Forty-eight SNPs, all located in CLEC16A , provided statistically significant association ( P < 5.32 x 10-5) with disease, with rs34306440 ( P = 5.74 x 10-6) being most significantly associated. The panel of SNPs used for fine mapping was also tested for association with transcript levels for each of the four genes in the region in B lymphoblastoid cell lines. Significant associations were observed only for transcript levels of DEXI , a gene with unknown function. We examined the relationship between the odds ratio for type 1 diabetes and the magnitude of the effect of DEXI transcript levels for each SNP in the region. Among SNPs significantly associated with type 1 diabetes, the common allele conferred an increased risk for disease, and corresponded to lower DEXI expression. Our results suggest that the primary mechanism by which genetic variation at CLEC16A contributes to risk for type 1 diabetes is through reduced expression of DEXI .
Using Tendon Inherent Electric Properties to Consistently Track Induced Mechanical Strain

The present work explores the possibility that the inherent electrical properties of a tendon might allow it to act as its own strain gauge. Tendon has been shown to exhibit piezoelectric effects as well as streaming potentials when subjected to a mechanical stress. To assess the feasibility of using these properties to repeatably measure in situ strain, bovine Achilles tendon test specimens were connected in series with a control resistor in a direct current circuit. Longitudinal (along the collagen fiber direction) and transverse test specimens were subjected to sinusoidal tension while electrical resistance data for the specimens was collected. Change in resistance per unit strain and gauge factors (GFs) revealed a repeatable and significantly different correlation between resistance and strain for the longitudinal and transverse specimens (p < 0.001). Change in resistance per unit strain values for longitudinal and transverse specimens were 0.85 and 1.76 MΩ/e, respectively while corresponding GFs were 0.52 and 0.74, respectively. Others have reported piezoelectric mechanisms and streaming potential mechanisms in hydrated collagen, however the present work is unique in presenting an accurate and repeatable model of anisotropic tendon behavior that could be used to develop an in situ strain sensor.
The Isolated Nuclear Family and the Dropout

(1965). The Isolated Nuclear Family and the Dropout. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 103-118.
Post-transcriptional regulation of meiotic genes by a nuclear RNA silencing complex

RNA is a central component of gene-silencing pathways that regulate diverse cellular processes. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, an RNA-based mechanism represses meiotic gene expression during vegetative growth. This pathway depends on the zinc finger protein Red1, which is required to degrade meiotic mRNAs as well as to target histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation, a repressive chromatin mark, to a subset of meiotic genes. However, the mechanism of Red1 function is unknown. Here we use affinity purification and mass spectrometry to identify a Red1-containing nuclear RNA silencing (NURS) complex. In addition to Red1, this complex includes the Mtl1, Red5, Ars2, Rmn1, and Iss10 proteins and associates with several other complexes that are involved in either signaling or mediating RNA silencing. By analyzing the effects of gene knockouts and inducible knockdown alleles, we show that NURS subunits regulate RNA degradation and H3K9 methylation at meiotic genes. We also identify roles for individual NURS subunits in interactions with Mmi1, an RNA-binding protein that marks meiotic RNAs for destruction, and the nuclear exosome RNA degradation complex. Finally, we show that the levels of H3K9 methylation at meiotic genes are not sufficient to restrict RNA polymerase II access or repress gene expression during vegetative growth. Our results demonstrate that Red1 partners with other proteins to silence meiotic gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Conservation of a NURS-like complex in human cells suggests that this pathway plays an ancient and fundamental role in RNA silencing.
Impact of clinical follow-up and diagnostic testing on intervention for tetralogy of Fallot

Objective Our purpose was to evaluate yield of tools commonly advocated for surveillance of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods All patients (pts) with TOF, seen at any time from 1/2008 to 9/2013 in an academic cardiology practice were studied. At the first and each subsequent outpatient visit, the use of tools including history and physical (HP rationale for each INT with attribution to one or more tools was identified. Results There were 213 pts (mean 11.5 years, 130 male) who had 916 visits, 123 of which (13.4%) were associated with 138 INTs (47 surgical, 54 catheter-mediated, 37 other medical). Recommended follow-up interval was 9.44±6.5 months, actual mean follow-up interval was 11.7 months. All 916 (100%) patient visits had a H&P which contributed to 47.2% of INT decisions. Echo was performed in 652 (71.2%) of visits, and contributed to 53.7% of INTs. MR-CT was obtained in 129 (14.1%) of visits, and contributed to 30.1% of INTs. ECG was applied in 137 (15%) visits, and contributed to 1.6% of INTs. HOL was obtained in 188 (20.5%) visits, and contributed to 11.3% of INTs. STR was performed at 101 (11%) of visits, and contributed to 8.9% of INTs. Conclusions INTs are common in repaired TOF, but when visits average every 11–12 months, most visits do not result in INT. H&P, Echo and HOL were the most frequently applied screens, and all frequently yielded relevant information to guide INT decisions. STR and MR/CT were applied as targeted testing and in this limited, non-screening role had high relevance for INT. There was low utilisation of ECG and major impact on INT was not demonstrated. Risk stratification in TOF may be possible, and could result in more efficient surveillance and targeted testing.
The representation of accounting data in industrial simulation

The authors examine the use of accounting data, particularly cost and investment figures, in manufacturing simulations. They briefly review current accounting thought and practices, as relevant to simulation, and describe a modeling approach that accommodates these practices. They describe a layered simulation where the information flow carrying cost data is overlaid on top of the dominant production flow. This layering allows a modeler to represent dynamic cost behavior, aggregation, and allocation of costs, as well as generation of cost reports for virtually any accounting practice. It focuses attention on the information system needed to get the correct cost information for managing the manufacturing enterprise. The simulation program used (IBIS) is capable of expanding the single production station into a series of production stations without rewriting any existing data entries or redesigning the model, so that more complex models can be developed from this preliminary model. >
γ-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester-induced up-regulation of glutathione protects neurons against Aβ(1–42)-mediated oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: Implications for Alzheimer's disease

Glutathione (GSH) is an important endogenous antioxidant found in millimolar concentrations in the brain. GSH levels have been shown to decrease with aging. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging and oxidative stress. A(1– 42) has been shown to induce oxidative stress and has been proposed to play a central role in the oxidative damage detected in AD brain. It has been shown that administration of -glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (GCEE) increases cellular levels of GSH, circumventing the regulation of GSH biosynthesis by providing the limiting substrate. In this study, we evaluated the protective role of upregulation of GSH by GCEE against the oxidative and neurotoxic effects of A(1– 42) in primary neuronal culture. Addition of GCEE to neurons led to an elevated mean cellular GSH level compared with untreated control. Inhibition of -glutamylcysteine synthetase by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) led to a 98% decrease in total cellular GSH compared with control, which was returned to control levels by addition of GCEE. Taken together, these results suggest that GCEE up-regulates cellular GSH levels which, in turn, protects neurons against protein oxidation, loss of mitochondrial function, and DNA fragmentation induced by A(1– 42). These results are consistent with the notion that up-regulation of GSH by GCEE may play a viable protective role in the oxidative and neurotoxicity induced by A(1– 42) in AD brain. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Dwell Time and Ramp Rate on Lead-Free Solder Joints in FCBGA Packages

Many studies on eutectic solder by Amagai in 1999, Sharma and Dasgupta in 2003 and Zhai, Sidharth and Blish in 2003 have shown that the dwell time beyond certain limit has a minimal effect on the MTTF. Additional dwell time will not produce additional damage beyond a limit or boundary. However, our experiments consistently showed that the fatigue life of the lead-free solder balls decreases significantly when the dwell time increases from 15 minutes, to 30 minutes and until 90 minutes. Further failure analysis confirms that the failure mode and failure location is same when dwell time changes. The longer dwell time is, the more accumulated creep damage is. The results imply that it takes long time to entirely achieve the relaxation for the lead-free solder material. In addition, results also showed that the lead-free solder joint during thermal shock fails faster than thermal cycling. The faster ramp rate does impose more damage on solder joint than a slow ramp rate. It is concluded that the ramp time and dwell time have conflicting effects on solder joint reliability. Finite element analysis is conducted to have a fundamental understanding of the effects of ramp rate and dwell time on lead-free alloys. A remarkable agreement on the correlation between the finite element analysis and experimental results was achieved. The numerical results revealed the failure mechanism of solder joint associated with the ramp rate and dwell time. Thermal shock has a much faster ramp rate, thus imposing much more damage to the solder joints than thermal cycling. In that sense, the fatigue life decreased when the frequency increased. However, a longer dwell time causes more creep in the solder joint, thereby lowering the fatigue life significantly. This means that fatigue life decreases when frequency decreases. It can be concluded that frequency as a single parameter for a reliability model doesn't account for the conflicting effects of ramp rate and dwell time. The finite element results also show that the majority of damage occurs during the ramp period. The dwell time at high temperature is predicted to have a negligible contribution to the total inelastic strain energy density
Underrepresentation of heroin involvement in unintentional drug overdose deaths in Allegheny County, PA.

Drugs contributing to overdose deaths are listed on death certificates, but their validity is rarely studied. To assess the accuracy of "morphine" and "codeine" listings on death certificates for unintentional overdose deaths in Allegheny County, PA, investigative and laboratory reports were reviewed. Deaths were reclassified as heroin-related if documentation showed 6-monoacetylmorphine in blood or urine, "stamp bags" or drug paraphernalia at scene, history of heroin use, or track marks. Deaths were considered morphine-related if notes indicated morphine use, prescription, or morphine at scene, or codeine-related if the codeine blood level exceeded morphine. Of 112 deaths with morphine but not heroin listed on the death certificate, 74 met heroin criteria and 21 morphine criteria. Of 20 deaths with both morphine and heroin listed, only one met morphine criteria. Of 34 deaths with codeine listed, only five were attributed to codeine. Consideration of patient history, death scene evidence, and expanded toxicology testing may improve the accuracy of death certificate drug listings. Language: en
Arachnids Submitted as Suspected Brown Recluse Spiders (Araneae: Sicariidae): Loxosceles Spiders Are Virtually Restricted to Their Known Distributions but Are Perceived to Exist Throughout the United States

An Internet offer was made to identify any spider in the United States perceived to be a brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik (Sicariidae). In total, 1,773 arachnids from 49 states represented three orders (Araneae, Solifugae, and Opiliones) and the identifiable spiders (Araneae) consisted of 38 families, 88 genera, and 158 recognizable species. Participants from states at least half within the known brown recluse distribution submitted Loxosceles spiders 32–89% of the time, except Louisiana and Mississippi with no submissions. From 25 of 29 states completely or almost completely outside of the range of Loxosceles spiders, no recluse spiders were submitted. Only two discoveries of brown recluses and two of the worldwide tramp species Loxosceles rufescens (Dufour) were submitted from nonendemic Loxosceles areas. States on distribution margins of brown recluse or other native Loxosceles spiders were intermediate in their Loxosceles submissions. This study showed that 1) the general public perceives brown recluses to occur over wide-ranging areas of the United States; and 2) brown recluses are frequently submitted from endemic states and almost never from nonendemic states, and therefore are virtually limited to their known distributions. This study corroborates opinions that diagnosis of brown recluse spider bites is best restricted to areas historically supporting proven, widespread populations of Loxosceles spiders.
Knowledge Management Systems and Remote Control: Noopower and the Contemporary Transnational Corporation

This paper explores the desire to remotely control knowledge as this desire is expressed in the business, management, and technical literature on Knowledge Management Systems (KMS). I argue that KMS are systems of noopower, or power directed at thoughts. Noopower seeks to modulate heterogeneous thoughts, and this can be done at a distance with the right assemblage of technologies and practices. KMS are such systems: they are assemblages of Internet-based communications systems, managerial practices, and measurements, all directed at strategically managing the process by which certain knowledges get converted into economic value. Thus, in the case of KMS, the goal is to direct the thoughts of a very difficult object to manage: the knowledge worker.
Suspicion, Cognition, and Automaticity Model of Phishing Susceptibility:

Social-psychological research on phishing has implicated ineffective cognitive processing as the key reason for individual victimization. Interventions have consequently focused on training individuals to better detect deceptive emails. Evidence, however, points to individuals sinking into patterns of email usage that within a short period of time results in an attenuation of the training effects. Thus, individual email habits appear to be another predictor of their phishing susceptibility. To comprehensively account for all these influences, the research built a model that accounts for the cognitive, preconscious, and automatic processes that potentially leads to phishing-based deception. The resultant suspicion, cognition, and automaticity model (SCAM) was tested using two experimental studies in which participants were subjected to different types of email-based phishing attacks.
Self-prediction and patient health: Influencing health-related behaviors throughself-prophecy.

People asked to make a self-prediction about a socially normative behavior are significantly more likely (than a comparable control group) to perform the behavior in a manner consistent with social norms. Making a behavioral self-prediction has been demonstrated to increase attendance to a health club, consumption of healthy snacks, and commitment to a health and fitness assessment. Empirical evidence indicates that this self-prophecy effect is due to dissonance-based motivation generated by the prediction request. In this article, we present self-prediction as a practical and effective tool that health care professionals can use to favorably influence a variety of health-related, patient behaviors. Previous studies on health behaviors are aggregated using meta-analytical techniques to determine the magnitude of self-prediction effects on health-related behaviors. To account for potential errors of exclusion in our analysis, a file drawer analysis is also conducted. Our analysis suggests that self-prophecy manifests as a small- to medium- effect size when used in the context of modifying health-related behaviors. Providing support for the robustness of this effect, our file drawer analysis indicated that 270 further studies with null results would be needed to negate our conclusions regarding the effect. Based on previous research and findings of the current meta-analysis, we are confident that health care professionals can effectively employ self-prediction as a method for promoting healthier behaviors and lifestyles among their patients. Implications for medical practice and allied health fields, as well as areas of future research, are identified.
Determination of Evolutionary Relationships of Outbreak-Associated Listeria monocytogenes Strains of Serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b by Whole-Genome Sequencing

We used whole-genome sequencing to determine evolutionary relationships among 20 outbreak-associated clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a and 1/2b. Isolates from 6 of 11 outbreaks fell outside the clonal groups or "epidemic clones" that have been previously associated with outbreaks, suggesting that epidemic potential may be widespread in L. monocytogenes and is not limited to the recognized epidemic clones. Pairwise comparisons between epidemiologically related isolates within clonal complexes showed that genome-level variation differed by 2 orders of magnitude between different comparisons, and the distribution of point mutations (core versus accessory genome) also varied. In addition, genetic divergence between one closely related pair of isolates from a single outbreak was driven primarily by changes in phage regions. The evolutionary analysis showed that the changes could be attributed to horizontal gene transfer; members of the diverse bacterial community found in the production facility could have served as the source of novel genetic material at some point in the production chain. The results raise the question of how to best utilize information contained within the accessory genome in outbreak investigations. The full magnitude and complexity of genetic changes revealed by genome sequencing could not be discerned from traditional subtyping methods, and the results demonstrate the challenges of interpreting genetic variation among isolates recovered from a single outbreak. Epidemiological information remains critical for proper interpretation of nucleotide and structural diversity among isolates recovered during outbreaks and will remain so until we understand more about how various population histories influence genetic variation.
The Action of Detergents on Staphylococcal Infections of the Chorio-Allantois of the Chick Embryo

The widespread interest in the antibacterial effects of detergents is evident from the increasing number of publications dealing with their action. Of special interest are the studies of Baker, Harrison and Miller1-2 on the inhibitory and germicidal action of various synthetic detergents. They found that the bacteriostatic and germicidal action of the cationic detergents was much greater than that of the anionic agents. In view of their findings a study of the comparative therapeutic action of these two classes of detergents appeared to be of interest. For this purpose we have used the chick embryo technic, which has proven successful for the in vivo testing of various therapeutic agents. In this study we have attempted to (1) determine whether or not there are any great differences in therapeutic effectiveness between the two classes of
Propylene Glycol as a Cause of an Elevated Serum Osmolality

Two severely burned patients experienced the onset of marked hyperosmolality during topical treatment with a cream containing silver sulfadiazine as an antimicrobial agent. Serum samples from both patients were studied for the presence of substances absorbed from the vehicle of the cream. Propylene glycol, in concentrations which were high enough to account for the difference between calculated and measured osmolality, was demonstrated in the sera of these patients by gas chromatography.
An Architecture for Cooperative Localization in Underwater Acoustic Networks

This paper outlines an architecture for underwater acoustic cooperative localization. Our system leverages communication within an acoustic network to both share navigation information and measure the relative range between vehicles. We employ a factor graph framework for vehicle position estimation. The underlying structure of the factor graph formulation provides a low-bandwidth estimation framework that is tolerant to communication dropout. We detail the hardware and software used to implement a three vehicle cooperative network and provide a performance summary over several field trials.
Cholesterol esterase activity of rat lymph.

SummaryIncubation of rat thoracic duct lymph at 37°C did not affect lymph cholesterol partition. Lymph also failed to cause esterification of added cholesterol when included alone, or with oleic acid and sodium taurocholate. Likewise, there was a lack of hydrolysis of added cholesterol oleate, with or without sodium taurocholate inclusion. Adjustment of the pH of incubation digests containing cholesterol or cholesterol oleate did not result in changes in the ratio of free and esterified cholesterol. From the present data it is apparent that rat thoracic duct lymph does not possess synthetic or hydrolytic cholesterol esterase activity.
Using nontraditional risk factors in coronary heart disease risk assessment.

Case study: A 47-year-old man with no history of coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes mellitus, or any CHD risk equivalent asks about smoking cessation therapies. His past laboratory results include a total cholesterol level of 230 mg per dL (5.96 mmol per L) and a high-density lipoprotein level of 35 mg per dL (0.91 mmol per L).
Functional implications of glucocorticoid receptor trafficking.

Glucocorticoid hormones affect a variety of cellular processes through their interactions with a soluble intracellular receptor protein, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The GR is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and regulates the transcriptional activity of a diverse subset of genes via its direct interaction with promoter-linked target sequences or interaction with unique transcription factors (McEwan et al. 1997). In the absence of ligand, GR is located primarily in the cytoplasm in close association with various chaperone proteins, including heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). Upon hormone binding, the hormone-receptor complex becomes activated, forms a homodimer, and moves into the nucleus. For transactivation, the hormone-receptor complex binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) in the promoter region of target genes.
Infrared-Microwave Double Resonance of N H 3 Using an N 2 O Laser

The infrared vibration-rotation transitions ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}[^{q}Q_{\ensuremath{-}}(8,7)]$ of $^{14}\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}[^{q}Q_{\ensuremath{-}}(4,4)]$ of $^{15}\mathrm{NH}_{3}$ have been pumped by the $P(13)$ and $P(15)$ lines, respectively, of an ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$O laser, and the resulting changes in the molecular populations of the rotational levels have been monitored by observing the microwave inversion lines. Large variations of the intensities of the monitored lines have been observed. In addition, small variations of neighboring inversion lines due to collision-induced transitions have also been found. The dependence of the efficiency of pumping on the frequency difference between the laser line and the N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ absorption line (which was varied by using a Stark field) and on the pressure of the sample was studied. The results can be explained by using Karplus and Schwinger's theory of saturation and by taking into account a "hole burning" on the Doppler profile of the absorption line.
A Neuroscience Perspective on Empathy and Its Development

Empathy and sympathy play crucial roles in much of human social interaction and are necessary components for healthy coexistence. Sympathy is thought to play a key role in motivating prosocial behavior, guiding human preferences and behavioral responses, and providing the affective and motivational base for moral development. While the development of these abilities has traditionally been examined using behavioral methods, recent work in neuroscience has begun to shed light on the neural mechanisms involved in interpersonal sensitivity. The purpose of this chapter is to critically examine the current knowledge in the field of developmental and affective neuroscience in both typically developing children and adolescents as well as in children with deficits in empathic responding (e.g., children with antisocial behavior problems) because they provide insight into how empathy can go awry. Decomposing the construct of empathy into subcomponents in the healthy brain in conjunction with examining their developmental trajectory benefits future research in the domain of affective developmental neuroscience and links to moral reasoning and altruistic behavior.
Neighborhood Associations and the Urban Poor: India’s Slum Development Committees

Summary How do slum dwellers organize and demand development from the state? The politics of urban slums has primarily been examined through the lens of clientelism. In contrast, associational activity has gone relatively understudied in these spaces, reserved instead as a focus of inquiry for middle-class neighborhoods. Drawing on twenty months of fieldwork and an original survey of 1,925 residents across 80 settlements in the north Indian cities of Jaipur, Rajasthan and Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, I find that local associations are prevalent features of political life in India’s slums. These associations—colloquially referred to as katchi basti vikas samitiyaan , or slum development committees—afford residents a degree of organizational formality in otherwise informal spaces. They provide a medium for making individual and collective claims on the state. While patron–client networks do pervade slums, this study demonstrates that vertical ties co-exist with horizontal associations, producing a multi-dimensional space in which residents mitigate risk and demand development.
Neighboring vehicle-assisted fast handoff for vehicular fog communications

With the fast development of vehicular technology and the emergence of mobile applications, it has become urgent to connect moving vehicles to Internet due to the ever-growing user demands. As an emerging paradigm of Internet of vehicles (IoV), vehicular fog communication (VFC) can not only efficiently enable drivers to access traditional Internet multimedia services, but also possible to enjoy new Internet applications dedicated to intelligent transportations. However, in VFC, travelling vehicles move with a high velocity and change their points of attachment frequently, which results in frequent network handoffs and even connection interruptions. In order to provide a satisfactory user experience, and enable vehicles to keep always-on-line connections when they are moving along urban roads, this paper proposes a cross-layer and neighboring vehicle-aided fast handoff (CVFH) scheme. A vehicle in CVFH utilizes the neighboring vehicle’s assistance to find a qualified vehicle to determine the target AP, and get related information before the vehicle moves into the coverage of the target AP. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can improve the handoff performance in terms of handoff delay and throughput.
Preemergent bittercress control on a gravel groundcover.

Abstract Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta) is a problem weed year round in Southeastern U.S. container nurseries. It readily establishes itself on gravel production surfaces and in containers, producing seeds in 4 to 5 weeks. Gravel has limited adsorption sites for herbicides, and higher use rates are required for control. Many preemergent herbicides provide short-term (3 month) control of bittercress. Sprayable formulations provided more persistent control than granular formulations. Factor (prodiamine) and Goal (oxyfluorfen) controlled bittercress for 8 months at 2× normal rates under nursery conditions of daily irrigation. Half-lives of Factor and Goal were 3 and 1 month, respectively. Extraction of herbicides from the gravel indicated that bittercress was controlled by 0.31 ppm of both herbicides.
Predicting the Future: Library Technologies to Keep in Mind

ABSTRACTIt can be difficult to keep up with library technology, let alone with technology in general. This essay describes several technology trends (virtual reality, augmented reality, the Internet of Things, and adoption of a “buy the data, build the interface” approach to service provision) that librarians should be aware of as they are likely to prove foundational to the services libraries will offer, as well as the services library users will expect.
Zoster vaccine-associated primary varicella infection in an immunocompetent host

A 64-year-old immunocompetent man developed a widespread pruritic and vesicular rash 2 weeks after receiving the zoster vaccine (Zostavax). He had fever, bandaemia with normal total white blood cell count and mild transaminitis. PCR testing of serum and skin was positive for varicella zoster virus (VZV), while serum VZV IgG was negative. The analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism by PCR and sequencing from the skin swab was consistent with the vaccine strain. The patient received 1 week of intravenous acyclovir and was discharged after all lesions had crusted. He continues to do well on follow-up with no significant complications.
Improving the effectiveness of the Henderson instruction safeguard against unreliable eyewitness identification

Eyewitness identifications made under poor witnessing or identification conditions have resulted in numerous wrongful convictions [National Registry of Exonerations. (2017). Retrieved January 28, 2...
Successful pancreas transplantation alone is associated with excellent self-identified health score and glucose control: A retrospective study from a high-volume center in the United States.

BACKGROUND The benefits of pancreas transplantation are often difficult to measure. Here, we sought to determine the difference in quality of life for diabetic patients with and without a functional pancreas transplant alone (PTA). METHODS Pancreas transplant alone cases from 1993 to 2015 were considered. An IRB-approved survey inclusive of 15 questions spanning four domains was employed. Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the T test were used where appropriate. RESULTS A total of 137 PTAs were performed during the study period. Of those reached (n = 32), 94% responded to the survey. Self-reported health scores were better (2.1 vs 3.0) for those with functioning pancreata (n = 18) vs those with a non-functional pancreas (n = 14), respectively (P = .036). Those with a functional pancreas had a HgbA1c of 5.3, vs 7.7 for a non-functional pancreas (P = .016). Significant hypoglycemia was reported in two of 18 with a functional transplant vs nine of 14 patients with a failed transplant (P = .003). Daily frustration with blood sugar affecting quality of life was significantly higher for patients with non-functional pancreas grafts (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Pancreas transplantation alone is associated with better glucose control than insulin. In addition, recipients of functional PTAs have improved quality of life and better overall health scores than those with failed grafts.
Marjorie Rice and the MAA tiling

The tiling in the lobby of the headquarters building of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) in Washington, DC, is unusual. Congruent pentagonal tiles fit together to fill the space, with ...
ERISA Enforcement of the HIPAA Privacy Rules

Autoworker Daniel Duffey, an employee of General Motors Corporation (GM), took advantage of GM's Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which "provides counseling and related services for employees with problems such as those stemming from alcohol and drug abuse."' As a participant in the program, Daniel revealed his status as a substance abuser. GM subsequently discharged him. When he filed a grievance protesting the discharge, allegations relating to his participation in the EAP began to circulate, despite previous written assurances of confidentiality. He sued GM, alleging violations of state privacy and contract laws. GM removed the case to a federal court, which dismissed Daniel's claims as preempted by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).2 According to the court, Daniel was required to proceed on a federal cause of action or none at all.! Did Congress intend for Daniel to lose his state claims? If so, did Congress want him to have a federal cause of action, and under what circumstances? Because ERISA broadly preempts many state privacy remedies without creating any of its own, parties like Daniel were left without any recourse for privacy violations. In 1996, Congress enacted the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)4 to protect individually identifiable health information.! As Daniel's case illustrates, one way to increase the protection of private health information would be to allow individual civil suits against violators of privacy rules like those established by HIPAA. However, HIPAA itself and the regulations adopted to implement its privacy protection contain no explicit private right of action, and courts have refused to infer a private cause of action under HIPAA for privacy violations.
The structures of five newAspidosperma alkaloids related to uleine

Aus der Rinde des brasilianischen BaumesAspidosperma dasycarpon A. DC. wurden funf neue Alkaloide (II–VI) isoliert, die das selten vorkommende Uleinskelett besitzen. Die Strukturen wurden durch chemische Korrelation mit Ulein (I) sichergestellt.
Preventing thrombosis after the Fontan procedure not there yet.

In 2007 ([1][1]), a review of the experience with thromboembolism and use of anticoagulation after the Fontan procedure in patients with single-ventricle lesions came to 4 conclusions: 1) thromboembolic events occur both early and late after the Fontan procedure at a frequency higher than any other
A Database of Narrative Schemas

This paper describes a new language resource of events and semantic roles that characterize real-world situations. Narrative schemas contain sets of related events (edit and publish), a temporal ordering of the events (edit before publish), and the semantic roles of the participants (authors publish books). This type of world knowledge was central to early research in natural language understanding, scripts being one of the main formalisms, they represented common sequences of events that occur in the world. Unfortunately, most of this knowledge was hand-coded and time consuming to create. Current machine learning techniques, as well as a new approach to learning through coreference chains, has allowed us to automatically extract rich event structure from open domain text in the form of narrative schemas. The narrative schema resource described in this paper contains approximately 5000 unique events combined into schemas of varying sizes. We describe the resource, how it is learned, and a new evaluation of the coverage of these schemas over unseen documents.
The impact of an educational program on patient practices on safe use, storage, and disposal of opioids in a comprehensive cancer center.

e21659Background: Improper use, storage, and disposal of prescribed opioids can lead to diversion or accidental poisoning. Our previous study showed a large proportion of cancer patients have unsaf...
How Future Orientation is Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Multiethnoracial Adults: Basic Psychological Needs as a Mediator.

We examined the role of basic psychological needs as a mediator of the association between future orientation and depressive symptoms in a sample of 202 (159 female and 43 male) multiethnoracial ad...
Blue bird

A lone bluebird tries to escape from the caverns of a withered heart. As it struggles to find its way, it discovers the history of a scarred life that has left its story on the heart, imprinted for the bird to see. An exploration among happiness, anger, regret, and acceptance.
Authentication of IoT Devices for WiFi Connectivity from the Cloud

The deployment of computing devices and machines that constitute the Internet of Things (IoT) had dramatically increased in this decade. To reduce the cost of pre-deployment effort, an already existing Wi-Fi infrastructure (Access Point) can be used to grant these devices access to Internet connectivity. This paper presents the use of standard tunneled based EAP (TEAP) protocol for authenticating IoT devices from the cloud using an EAP-AKA’ inner method EAP. It mainly focuses on the deployment architecture, security against MiTM attack by exploring different RFCs associated with those protocols.
Giant Enhancement of Photoluminescence Emission in WS2-Two-Dimensional Perovskite Heterostructures

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and two-dimensional organic and inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites (2DPVSKs) have emerged as highly promising materials for ultralight and ultrathin optoelectronics application. They both exhibit tunability of electronic properties such as band structure, and they can form heterostructures with various types of two-dimensional materials for novel physical properties not observed in single components. However, TMDCs exhibit poor emission efficiency due to defect states and direct-to-indirect interband transition, and 2DPVSKs suffer from poor stability in ambient atmosphere. Here we report that fabrication of TMDC-on-2DPVSK heterostructures using a solvent-free process leads to novel optical transitions unique to the heterostructure which arise from the hybrid interface and exhibit a strong photoluminescence. Moreover, a two orders of magnitude enhancement of the photoluminescence as compared to WS2 emission is observed. The TMDC on top of 2DPVSK also significantly improves the stability as compared to bare 2DPVSK. Enhanced emission can be explained by electronic structure modification of TMDC by novel interfacial interactions between TMDC and 2DPVSK materials, which shows promise of the heterostructure for high efficiency and stable optoelectronic devices.
Homogeneity across mail survey waves: a replicated study.

Degree of homogeneity within a target population has been suggested as one criterion for determining the need for follow-up efforts in a mail survey. Previous studies of respondent group difference...
Evaluating non-invasive microPET/CT imaging of K-562 myelosarcoma for monitoring tumor growth and angiogenesis in untreated and treated mice

2131 Objectives : Pre-clinical laboratories and the advent of micro-imaging technologies have made it possible to monitor the growth of malignant cells in vivo and to further, evaluate the response-to-therapy. The objective of this study is to evaluate tumor growth and response to therapy using the micro-PET/CT as a pre-clinical tool in the pursuit of translational clinical medicine. Methods : . Methods: Nine k562 mice were induced bilaterally on the flanks of scid mice by injecting a suspension of 1X 106 cells in Martigel™. The tumors developed for 10 days with or without imatinib mesylate treatment - 12.5 ug/g/day i.p. administered on days 5 through 9. On day 10 the tumor growth was evaluated using micro PET/CT imaging. Mice were induced for ten minutes at 2% isoflurane and 1 litre of oxygen. Mice were injected 225 uCi of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18FDG) i.p. Mice were placed back in the induction chamber and maintained at 2% isoflurane and 1 litre for a total time of 45 minutes following an i.v. injection of vascular CT-contrast agent (Fenestra VC™) for a total time of 45 minutes of anesthesia. Micro-PET images were acquired using a P4 system for time of 20 minutes,(Siemens Preclinical Imaging, Knoxville, TN) followed by a microCT scan using a MicroCAT II imager (Siemens Preclinical Imaging). Micro-PET acquisition was taken in list mode and reconstructed with an OSEM3DMAP algorithm, which included 2 subsets and 18 interations. Micro-CAT acquisition details were the following 4 by 4 binning at 300ms and field of view of 2048 by 3072 pixels, 0.077mm/pixel. Results : Results:Micro-PET and CT images were reconstructed to provide ~ 1 mm and 70 um resolution, respectively and co-registered using fuduical makers to provide high resolution dual-modality representations of the tumor burden in the mice. The CT images discerned vessels with an internal diameter of 75um surrounding and invading the myelosarcoma in the untreated animals. Tumor volume and density were calculated and indicated that treatment has potential. The PET images have varing areas of uptake but standard uptake for normal mice need to be compared Conclusions : Conclusion: These studies demonstrate the utility of high-resolution dual-modality imaging not only to follow the progression of tumor growth and angiogenesis but also to monitor changes in quantitatively measurable parameters in response to therapy. We have evaluated the efficacy of contrast-enhanced, anesthesia protocol, micro x-ray computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) to image the vascularization, tumor volume and density, and the metabolic activity of localized tumors in mice while under an anesthesia protocol in order to reduce muscular uptake due to rodent activity. Keywords: Micro-PET/CT,mice, pre-clincal imaging
The Great War Comes to Wisconsin: Sacrifice, Patriotism, and Free Speech in a Time of Crisis

Review of: "The Great War Comes to Wisconsin: Sacrifice, Patriotism, and Free Speech in a Time of Crisis" by Richard L. Pifer
An Extremely Premature Newborn with Cutaneous Lesions.

An extremely premature 9-day-old female infant in the NICU developed 2 circular lesions on her back. The lesions quickly progressed to a necrotic ulcer. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories ### Presentation At 9 days of age, the infant’s bedside nurse noted 2 small lesions on her lower back; one was 1 cm in diameter, and the other was slightly smaller. The lesions initially had a red raised border with a white center (Fig 1A), but over 24 hours, the centers of the lesions became black (Fig 1B). Figure 1. A. Initial appearance of circular cutaneous lesion on right flank of extremely premature infant. B. Right flank lesion that evolved to central necrosis over a 24-hour period. ### Vital Signs ### Physical Examination (10 days of age)
The Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap: Two Decades of Progress

AbstractThe biological carbon flux from the ocean’s surface into its interior has traditionally been sampled by sediment traps, which physically intercept sinking particulate matter. However, the m...
Editorial – does every child still matter?

Welcome to the first edition of Pastoral Care in Education for 2020. I wanted to use this editorial to ask readers what I believe is an important question. Does every child still matter? Your immed...