cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Three-Dimensional Endometrial Epithelial Cell Model To Study Host Interactions with Vaginal Bacteria and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

ABSTRACT Colonization of the endometrium by pathogenic bacteria ascending from the lower female reproductive tract (FRT) is associated with many gynecologic and obstetric health complications. To study these host-microbe interactions in vitro, we developed a human three-dimensional (3-D) endometrial epithelial cell (EEC) model using the HEC-1A cell line and the rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor technology. Our model, composed of 3-D EEC aggregates, recapitulates several functional/structural characteristics of human endometrial epithelial tissue, including cell differentiation, the presence of junctional complexes/desmosomes and microvilli, and the production of membrane-associated mucins and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLR function was evaluated by exposing the EEC aggregates to viral and bacterial products. Treatment with poly(I·C) and flagellin but not with synthetic lipoprotein (fibroblast-stimulating lipoprotein 1 [FSL-1]) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly induced proinflammatory mediators in a dose-dependent manner. To simulate ascending infection, we infected EEC aggregates with commensal and pathogenic bacteria: Lactobacillus crispatus, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. All vaginal microbiota and N. gonorrhoeae efficiently colonized the 3-D surface, localizing to crevices of the EEC model and interacting with multiple adjacent cells simultaneously. However, only infection with pathogenic N. gonorrhoeae and not infection with the other bacteria tested significantly induced proinflammatory mediators and significant ultrastructural changes to the host cells. The latter observation is consistent with clinical findings and illustrated the functional specificity of our system. Additionally, we highlighted the utility of the 3-D EEC model for the study of the pathogenesis of N. gonorrhoeae using a well-characterized ΔpilT mutant. Overall, this study demonstrates that the human 3-D EEC model is a robust tool for studying host-microbe interactions and bacterial pathogenesis in the upper FRT.
Remarks on isotropic extension of anisotropic constitutive functions via structural tensors

In their original formulation of the method of isotropic extension via structural tensors, which is meant for applications to the derivation of coordinate-free representation formulas for anisotrop...
Use of T Cell Hybridomas in the Analysis of Helper T Cell Functions in B Cell Responses

The fundamental question under investigation is to determine the role of helper T cells in the induction of B cell antibody synthesis. Based on our previous work we have proposed that helper T cells mediate two types of helper functions; the production of antigen non-specific factors i.e. lymphokines and antigen specific help 1,2.
Emerging Concepts and Techniques

Predictive toxicology is critically dependent upon the development and refinement of technological capabilities and conceptual approaches to produce and enhance data collection and interpretation. This article outlines recent advances in several key areas capable of enhancing this field including: organ culture, genetic engineering, next generation sequencing, microarray technology, and novel molecular imaging techniques. The advancement of “organ on a chip” technology has become a key part of early drug development. Genetic engineering at the cellular and organism level has had a dramatic impact on molecular biology providing a powerful tool to explore signaling pathways in a variety of research areas including toxicology. Developments in sequencing have expanded the rate of information generation and the ability to produce whole genome information. The diversity of microarray techniques now available offers multiple mechanisms for investigating the transcriptome, proteome, and metabo(l)nome. Advances in imaging techniques offer a diverse array of methods for examination of toxicological effects at various levels of resolution. Recent innovations in these techniques and their applications are summarized in this article.
Identifying psychogenic seizures through comorbidities and medication history.

SummaryObjective Low-cost evidence-based tools are needed to facilitate the early identification of patients with possible psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). Prior to accurate diagnosis, patients with PNES do not receive interventions that address the cause of their seizures and therefore incur high medical costs and disability due to an uncontrolled seizure disorder. Both seizures and comorbidities may contribute to this high cost. Methods Based on data from 1,365 adult patients with video-electroencephalography–confirmed diagnoses from a single center, we used logistic and Poisson regression to compare the total number of comorbidities, number of medications, and presence of specific comorbidities in five mutually exclusive groups of diagnoses: epileptic seizures (ES) only, PNES only, mixed PNES and ES, physiologic nonepileptic seizurelike events, and inconclusive monitoring. To determine the diagnostic utility of comorbid diagnoses and medication history to differentiate PNES only from ES only, we used multivariate logistic regression, controlling for sex and age, trained using a retrospective database and validated using a prospective database. Results Our model differentiated PNES only from ES only with a prospective accuracy of 78% (95% confidence interval =72–84%) and area under the curve of 79%. With a few exceptions, the number of comorbidities and medications was more predictive than a specific comorbidity. Comorbidities associated with PNES were asthma, chronic pain, and migraines (p < 0.01). Comorbidities associated with ES were diabetes mellitus and nonmetastatic neoplasm (p < 0.01). The population-level analysis suggested that patients with mixed PNES and ES may be a population distinct from patients with either condition alone. Significance An accurate patient-reported medical history and medication history can be useful when screening for possible PNES. Our prospectively validated and objective score may assist in the interpretation of the medication and medical history in the context of the seizure description and history.
Microbiota Diversification and Crash Induced by Dietary Oxalate in the Mammalian Herbivore Neotoma albigula.

ABSTRACT Oxalate, broadly found in both dietary and endogenous sources, is a primary constituent in 80% of kidney stones, an affliction that has tripled in prevalence over the last 40 years. Oxalate-degrading bacteria within the gut microbiota can mitigate the effects of oxalate and are negatively correlated with kidney stone formation, but bacteriotherapies involving oxalate-degrading bacteria have met with mixed results. To inform the development of more effective and consistent bacteriotherapies, we sought to quantify the interactions and limits between oxalate and an oxalate-adapted microbiota from the wild mammalian herbivore Neotoma albigula (woodrat), which consumes a high-oxalate diet in the wild. We tracked the microbiota over a variable-oxalate diet ranging from 0.2% to 12%, with the upper limit approximating 10× the level of human consumption. The N. albigula microbiota was capable of degrading ~100% of dietary oxalate regardless of the amount consumed. However, the microbiota exhibited significant changes in diversity dynamically at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU), family, and community levels in accordance with oxalate input. Furthermore, a cohesive microbial network was stimulated by the consumption of oxalate and exhibited some resistance to the effects of prolonged exposure. This study demonstrates that the oxalate-adapted microbiota of N. albigula exhibits a very high level of degradation and tolerance for oxalate. IMPORTANCE The bacteria associated with mammalian hosts exhibit extensive interactions with overall host physiology and contribute significantly to the health of the host. Bacteria are vital to the mitigation of the toxic effects of oxalate specifically as mammals do not possess the enzymes to degrade this compound, which is present in the majority of kidney stones. Contrary to the body of literature on a few oxalate-degrading specialists, our work illustrates that oxalate stimulates a broad but cohesive microbial network in a dose-dependent manner. The unique characteristics of the N. albigula microbiota make it an excellent source for the development of bacteriotherapies to inhibit kidney stone formation. Furthermore, this work successfully demonstrates methods to identify microbial networks responsive to specific toxins, their limits, and important elements such as microbial network cohesivity and architecture. These are necessary steps in the development of targeted bacteriotherapies.
Reciprocal Relations Between Parenting Behaviors and Conduct Disorder Symptoms in Preschool Children

Reciprocal relations between children’s conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and parenting behaviors were examined across the preschool years. Participants were 199 children (M = 44.26 months, SD = 3.37; 92 girls) and their 199 mothers and 158 fathers. CD symptoms were assessed via structured interviews; parenting was assessed via observational and self-report measures. Fixed effects models were used to assess within-individual changes and traditional cross-lagged models were used to assess between-individual changes; comparisons by sex were also carried out. Increases in maternal overreactivity predicted increases in CD symptoms. During the later preschool years, decreases in maternal warmth predicted increases in CD symptoms and increases in CD symptoms predicted increases in paternal overreactivity. Reciprocal effects were found between girls’ CD symptoms and paternal negative affect. Findings suggest maternal and paternal influence on the development of CD symptoms and suggest that CD symptoms influence fathers’ parenting during the preschool years.
A ‘glocalization’ approach to the internationalizing of crisis communication

Abstract This article focuses on the field of international crisis communication, whereby multinationals and their expatriate staff respond to crisis events in international and/or multicultural contexts. The field of international crisis communication is at or near a state of crisis due to lack of research and, more importantly, methods useful for practitioners. ‘Glocalization’—which is used successfully in fields as diverse as marketing, education, theology, and others as an effective and expedient way of leveraging global capabilities to meet local demands—is proposed as one method for addressing this need pragmatically. Using glocalization for the internationalizing of crisis communication benefits practitioners and researchers alike in a way that avoids imposing Western frameworks and interpretations onto non-Western crisis situations. We demonstrate the approach with a case study involving multinational McDonald’s Corporation and its foreign subsidiary, McDonald’s Japan.
Discussion of De Robertis’ Paper

A. G. Karczmar, Loyola U., Medical Center: One of the most heuristic concepts of pharmacology is that of a specific receptor, chemically differentiate with regard to both drugs and transmitters. It appears clearly from Professor De Robertis’ presentation that the concept of Ehrlich, Langley and Clark is ready to “solidify” into a molecular entity. Dr. De Robertis’ approach is a direct attempt to “precipitate” and to isolate the receptor, and both Prof. De Robertis and myself participated some 10 years ago in a conference (cf. Chagas and Paes de Carvalho, 1961) in the course of which the work of Carlos Chagas, perhaps the first man who had the courage to employ this direct attack on the problem was first reviewed.
Nonvascular Interventional Radiology

Advances in imaging capabilities and interventional tools have expanded the capabilities of interventional radiologists to diagnose and treat many genitourinary conditions. This chapter will focus on non vascular interventional procedures for the kidney.
Forensic DNA Typing

The beginning of the forensic DNA typing revolution was marked by the 1985 publication of a landmark article by Sir AlecJeffreys of Leicester, England, in which he coined the term “DNA fingerprint” and suggested the potential application of DNA fingerprinting in forensic investigations.1,2 Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA probes complementary to polymorphic regions of the genome called “minisatellites,” he described how bar code-like patterns were produced. The autoradiographic patterns seemed to be different in every person tested; hence the term “DNA fingerprint” likened this molecular typing to an individual’s unique digital fingerprint. In the same year, Jeffreys applied his revolutionary technique to resolve a paternity dispute and to help solve a double rape-homicide in England.
Solution of Linear Systems of Equations

In this paper we consider various iterative methods for solving systems of linear algebraic equations. We shall be primarily concerned with large systems with sparse matrices such as arise in the solution of elliptic boundary value problems in two dimensions by finite difference methods. Our discussion is divided into two parts: First, we review the well-known facts about such methods as the Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and successive overrelaxation methods. A treatment of various acceleration techniques is included. In the second part of the paper we consider the symmetric overrelaxation method and describe some practical procedures which can be used to obtain very rapid convergence. By showing that the method can be very effective in many cases and by outlining a definite procedure for its application, we hope to encourage its wider usage and to stimulate further research.
Learning Generalizable Recurrent Neural Networks from Small Task-fMRI Datasets

Deep learning has become the new state-of-the-art for many problems in image analysis. However, large datasets are often required for such deep networks to learn effectively. This poses a difficult challenge for many medical image analysis problems in which only a small number of subjects are available, e.g., patients undergoing a new treatment. In this work, we propose a number of approaches for learning generalizable recurrent neural networks from smaller task-fMRI datasets: (1) a resampling method for ROI-based fMRI analysis to create augmented data; (2) inclusion of a small number of non-imaging variables to provide subject-specific initialization of the recurrent neural network; and (3) selection of the most generalizable model from multiple reinitialized training runs using criteria based on only training loss. Using cross-validation to assess model performance, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods to train recurrent neural networks from small datasets to predict treatment outcome for children with autism spectrum disorder (\(N=21\)) and classify autistic vs. typical control subjects (\(N=40\)) from task-fMRI scans.
PW 0726 Streetwise – helping students in thailand get to schools safely

Road traffic crashes are a leading cause of death among children. In Thailand 2600 children killed and 72 000 injured every year in road crashes. AIP Foundation, supported by Chevron Thailand, developed and implemented the Street Wise project from 2014 to 2017 to focus on road safety education for primary school students in 11 primary schools in Songkla Province, Thailand. A project baseline assessment found that the level of road safety education and awareness of the students was low, for example, only 3% of the students wore helmets. During a six-month period, a quarter of the students experienced a crash, almost half of which occurred with motorbikes. A quarter of the crashes resulted in hospitals visits. The project addressed road safety through education, awareness building, and community and stakeholder engagement. Syllabuses and materials were developed for primary school levels and for master trainer courses to build capacity of teachers, educational staff, parents and police officers. Extracurricular activities, ceremonies, meetings, and workshops reinforcing safety messages and engaging parents, and community stakeholders were regularly hosted. Over three years, 260 teachers were trained through master trainer courses, over 4600 parents were trained, and helmet was provided to 3000 students. And 235 students were developed as ‘road safety ambassadors’ to spearhead school and community campaigns. The project’s effectiveness was measured through innovative helmet observations developed with support from the U.S. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as in-depth interviews, focus groups, and student knowledge surveys. It was found that student helmet use increased from 3% to 55%. The observed behaviours and tested knowledge in crosswalk, sidewalk and street usage were improved dramatically. In summary, the Street Wise’s combined efforts and engagements have resulted in improved students’ road safety behaviours and knowledge across various indicators.
Transversus abdominis block utilizing liposomal bupivacaine as a non-opioid analgesic for postoperative pain management

The use of non-narcotic modalities for postoperative analgesia may decrease exposure to opioids, thereby limiting their deleterious effects. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a liposomal bupivacaine transverse abdominis plane (TAP) block prior to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic gastric bypass (LRYGB). The primary outcome was total postoperative morphine equivalents. A single-surgeon, IRB-approved retrospective chart review was performed on consecutive patients who underwent LRYGB or LSG from 2010 to 2016. Patients were grouped according to those who received TAP blocks immediately preoperatively with rescue opioids (TAP group) and those who received PCA only (PCA group). Total parenteral morphine equivalents (PME) were calculated. Numerical pain scores were collected immediately following surgery, 12 h postoperatively, and on the day of discharge. Median length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmissions were also calculated. There were 440 patients who met inclusion criteria. The TAP group had significantly less opioid use (total PME) than the PCA, irrespective of surgical approach (70.4 ± 2.7 PCA LRYGB and 26.5 ± 1.5 TAP block LRYGB, p value ≤ 0.0001; 60.0 ± 3.5 PCA LSG vs. and 24.1 ± 2.0 TAP block LSG, p value < 0.0001). Median LOS was 2.0 days for both PCA groups, whereas LOS decreased to 1.0 day for both groups of patients receiving TAP blocks (p < 0.0001). Pain scores immediately following and 12 h after surgery were significantly elevated in the TAP LRYGB versus PCA LRYGB (p < 0.05) and immediately following surgery for PCA versus TAP block for LSG (p = 0.0109). TAP blocks with liposomal bupivacaine lead to significantly less use of parenteral morphine equivalents and decreased LOS compared to PCA alone. Pain scores were higher in the TAP LRYGB group compared to the LRYGB PCA group, with no differences in pain scores noted in the LSG groups.
C-Terminal CuII Coordination to α-Synuclein Enhances Aggregation.

The structurally dynamic amyloidogenic protein α-synuclein (αS) is universally recognized as a key player in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Copper, which acts as a neuronal signaling agent, is also an effector of αS structure, aggregation, and localization in vivo. In humans, αS is known to carry an acetyl group on the starting methionine residue, capping the N-terminal free amine which was a known high-affinity CuII binding site. We now report the first detailed characterization data using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to describe the CuII coordination modes of N-terminally acetylated αS (NAcαS). Through use of EPR hyperfine structure analyses and the Peisach–Blumberg correlation, an N3O1 binding mode was established that involves the single histidine residue at position 50 and a lower population of a second CuII-binding mode that may involve a C-terminal contribution. We additionally generated an N-terminally acetylated disease-relevant variant, NAcH50Q, that promotes a shift in the CuII...
Building a livestock genetic and genomic information knowledgebase through integrative developments of Animal QTLdb and CorrDB

Successful development of biological databases requires accommodation of the burgeoning amounts of data from high-throughput genomics pipelines. As the volume of curated data in Animal QTLdb (https://www.animalgenome.org/QTLdb) increases exponentially, the resulting challenges must be met with rapid infrastructure development to effectively accommodate abundant data curation and make metadata analysis more powerful. The development of Animal QTLdb and CorrDB for the past 15 years has provided valuable tools for researchers to utilize a wealth of phenotype/genotype data to study the genetic architecture of livestock traits. We have focused our efforts on data curation, improved data quality maintenance, new tool developments, and database co-developments, in order to provide convenient platforms for users to query and analyze data. The database currently has 158 499 QTL/associations, 10 482 correlations and 1977 heritability data as a result of an average 32% data increase per year. In addition, we have made >14 functional improvements or new tool implementations since our last report. Our ultimate goals of database development are to provide infrastructure for data collection, curation, and annotation, and more importantly, to support innovated data structure for new types of data mining, data reanalysis, and networked genetic analysis that lead to the generation of new knowledge.
Abstract B067: Distinct necessity of mitochondrial complex I and III for regulatory T-cell function

Regulatory T-cells (Treg cells) are major mediators of immunological homeostasis and tolerance, and their actions suppress responses to self-antigens that are aberrant as well as anti-tumor. Recent studies have demonstrated that, relative to other CD4+ T-cell subsets, Treg cells display increased mitochondrial metabolism and the Treg cell lineage-defining transcription factor, FOXP3, promotes respiration. However, it remains unknown whether Treg cells require the mitochondrial respiratory chain for their suppressive capacity, lineage stability, or survival. Our lab recently found that constitutive Treg cell-specific ablation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III but not complex I resulted in the development of a fatal inflammatory disease early in life. Treg cells lacking complex III survived and maintained proliferative capacity, but displayed a loss of suppressive function. We found that in adults, tamoxifen induced deletion of mitochondrial complex III or complex I from Treg cells impaired tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, only loss of complex III resulted in the development of fatal inflammatory disease. Because mitochondrial complex I inhibitors are being explored for cancer treatments, we are investigating the mechanism by which loss of complex I activity in Tregs prevents tumorigenesis. Citation Format: Elizabeth M. Steinert, Samuel E. Weinberg, Navdeep S. Chandel. Distinct necessity of mitochondrial complex I and III for regulatory T-cell function [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr B067.
Thermal Excitation Control over Photon Emission Rate of CdSe Nanocrystals

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence lifetimes of electron–hole pairs (excitons) in CdSe nanocrystals are governed by the energetic ordering and spacing of slowly emitting, spin-forbidden “dark”...
Network Topology Mapping From Partial Virtual Coordinates and Graph Geodesics

For many important network types, physical coordinate systems and physical distances are either difficult to discern or inapplicable. Accordingly, coordinate systems and characterizations based on hop-distance measurements, such as Topology Preserving Maps (TPMs) and Virtual-Coordinate (VC) systems are attractive alternatives to geographic coordinates for many network algorithms. We present an approach to recover geometric and topological properties of a network with a small set of distance measurements. The approach is a combination of shortest path (often called geodesic) recovery concepts and low-rank matrix completion, generalized to the case of hop-distances in graphs. Results for sensor networks embedded in 2-D and 3-D spaces as well as for social networks indicate that the method can accurately capture the network connectivity with a small set of measurements. TPM generation can now be based on various context appropriate measurements or VC systems instead of distances to a set of global anchors. The proposed method is a significant generalization that allows the topology to be extracted from a random set of graph shortest paths, making it applicable in contexts such as social networks where VC generation may not be possible.
Polycrystalline Microstructure Reconstruction Using Markov Random Fields and Histogram Matching

Abstract A new numerical method is presented for reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) microstructures from two-dimensional (2D) sections, imaged on orthogonal planes, by exploiting the complete red–green–blue (RGB) color space. The algorithm reconstructs 3D models through sampling voxel neighborhoods to representative 2D micrographs, based upon a Markovian assumption. The sampling is followed by an optimization procedure, ensuring smoothness across the orthogonal sections of the synthesized voxels. Previous 3D Markov random field (MRF) microstructure reconstruction techniques were restricted to traditional grayscale images only. This method now enables the use of the entire RGB spectrum, employing a histogram matching step. This paper examines the algorithm’s accurate representation of orientations and morphologies, encompassing a variety of micrographs from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and polarized light microscopy.
Ultrasonic-Assisted Transesterification: A Green Miniscale Organic Laboratory Experiment

A safe, convenient, and environmentally benign laboratory experiment for the synthesis of biodiesel from six kinds of vegetable oils has been developed for the introductory organic chemistry labora...
Motion Sickness Interactions with Spine Disorders

The world of low back movement quantification has been revolutionized through the invention of the Clinical Lumbar Motion Monitor (cLMM) in the 1980s by Dr. W.S. Marras of the Spine Research Institute (SRI) at Ohio State. This wearable exoskeleton collects position, velocity, and acceleration data from a subject’s back in the sagittal, lateral, and twisting planes, in order to create a three-dimensional kinematic trunk “motion signature.” The cLMM is a validated tool capable of objectively measuring the functionality of the low back, including injury. Low back injury costs the Navy over $240 million, occurring in connection to motion sickness in 50-90% of aircrew, according to Sheard (1996) and Dobie (2000) from ‘Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine’ and ‘The Naval Medical Information Management Center’, respectively. Some aircrew members, however, have a high resistance to motion sickness (MS), which is not well understood. The goal of this experiment is to collect motion signatures from eight subjects of the military population at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, and compare these signatures between subjects. Following IRB consenting, subjects performed a pre-MS LMM screening, incurred MS-inducing stimulus in the Neuro-Otologic Test Center (NOTC) at a rate of 10 rpm for up to 30 minutes, and a post-MS LMM screening. Via comparison of the low tolerance group to the high tolerance group, objective data regarding the changes in an individual’s motion signatures following motion sickness exposure can be obtained. In further studies, a database comprised of military members with healthy low back motion signatures who are prone to motion sickness and those who are not, could be developed. These data could then be used to predict which individuals are at risk of motion sickness. By analyzing the differences between the at-risk versus high threshold groups, training protocols could be developed to teach aircrew how to not only mitigate motion sickness, but also low back disorders.
Hopping on the localness craze: What brewers want from state-grown hops

Consumers habitually support local food and drink, but locally grown products often come from less developed value chains with lower quality control standards; something suppliers must consider. Using data from Michigan craft breweries, we describe the determinants of a brewer's decision to purchase local hops. Utilizing generalized linear models, we determine how factors—including perceived consistency and attitudes towards localness—impact hop purchasing decisions. Results indicate that hop consistency is a leading factor, and beliefs about localness stimulating the economy or helping the environment may not be enough to drive local purchasing.
Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Body Weight: a Complex Relationship

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Obese patients are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and weight loss can attenuate the risk. Cancer is the second leading cause of death and commonly associated with weight loss. This review focuses on the complex interaction between body weight, cardiovascular disease, and a cancer diagnosis. The cancer-associated mortality rate has steadily decreased over the last decade. Patients are living longer. Therefore, nonmalignant conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, have assumed an increased importance in cancer survivors. Moreover, patients with cancer are at an especially high risk for cardiovascular disease, due to side effects of various treatments and overlapping risk factors for both malignancy and heart disease. In cancers with a high likelihood of survival or cure, cardiovascular screening, risk factor modification, and attentive treatment of cardiovascular problems should be vigilantly pursued. Like all individuals, patients with cancer should strive to maintain a healthy weight and participate in regular physical activity, with a goal to optimize cardiac health and health span. Weight loss has a cardioprotective effect in cancer survivors without obvious cancer progression. The notion that cardiac health is a low priority for cancer survivors, particularly for patients with a favorable prognosis, is not true. However, in advanced stages of cancer or with highly lethal cancers, weight loss is associated with poor outcomes and nutritional support to optimize nutritional status and maintain body weight should be prioritized.
ARHGEF26 enhances Salmonella invasion and inflammation in cells and mice

Salmonella hijack host machinery in order to invade cells and establish infection. While considerable work has described the role of host proteins in invasion, much less is known regarding how natural variation in these invasion-associated host proteins affects Salmonella pathogenesis. Here we leveraged a candidate cellular GWAS screen to identify natural genetic variation in the ARHGEF26 (Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 26) gene that renders lymphoblastoid cells susceptible to Salmonella Typhi and Typhimurium invasion. Experimental follow-up redefined ARHGEF269s role in Salmonella epithelial cell invasion, identified serovar specific interactions, implicated ARHGEF26 in SopE-mediated invasion, and revealed that the ARHGEF26-associated proteins DLG1 and SCRIB facilitate S. Typhi uptake. Importantly, we show that ARHGEF26 plays a critical role in S. Typhimurium pathogenesis by contributing to bacterial burden in the enteric fever murine model, as well as inflammation in the gastroenteritis infection model. The impact of ARHGEF26 on inflammation was also seen in cells, as knockdown reduced IL-8 production in HeLa cells. Together, these data reveal pleiotropic roles for ARHGEF26 function during infection and highlight that many of the interactions that occur during infection that are thought to be well understood likely have underappreciated complexity.
Effect of Specimen Thickness on the Fracture Toughness of a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

In this study, the thickness dependence of the fracture toughness in a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) is investigated. To this aim, compact tension specimens with various thicknesses were tested at room temperature, while in fully martensitic state, and under mode-I loading. Stable crack growth was observed in all specimens, regardless of the thickness. The resistance curves were obtained from load–displacement data and the J-integral values were determined using a recently proposed methodology for SMAs. Critical J values were obtained and compared to reveal the thickness dependence of the fracture toughness. Strains were measured using digital image correlation technique to evaluate the nonlinear deformation zone near the crack tip. To investigate the fracture mechanism, the fracture surface analysis was carried out. The results suggest modifications towards relaxing the existing thickness requirements for fracture toughness measurements in SMAs.
Study on Avalanche Uniformity in 1.2KV GaN Vertical PIN Diode with Bevel Edge-Termination

GaN vertical PIN diodes with different bevel edge termination angles were fabricated on three wafers with varying p-layer doping concentrations, respectively. The breakdown behavior in terms of the breakdown voltage and the electroluminescence were studied as functions of these variables. The repeatable avalanche breakdown and highest breakdown voltage were measured with the lowest p doping of $3\times 10^{17}\ \text{cm}^{-3}$ and with the lowest bevel angle, indicating the efficacy of the bevel edge termination under these specific circumstances. As p-layer doping increases and the bevel angle becomes steeper, the devices exhibit lower breakdown voltages and less robust breakdown characteristic, often destructive. From this study, we also conclude that at very high p-layer doping of $2\times 10^{19}\ \text{cm}^{-3}$ , the bevel etch alone cannot provide an effective edge termination.
Applying elastic-net regression to identify the best models predicting changes in civic purpose during the emerging adulthood.

Abstract Introduction Changes in civic purpose during the emerging adulthood has been a significant research topic since it is closely associated with active civic engagement later in human lives. While standard regression methods have been used in previous studies to predict civic purpose development, they have limitations that may not always lead to best prediction models. We aimed to address these limitations by utilizing elastic-net multinomial logistic regression, which favors models with the least number of necessary predictors, in exploration of predictors for civic purpose development in a data-driven manner. Methods We analyzed data from the longitudinal Civic Purpose Project while focusing on the model that best predicted civic purpose from Wave 1 (12th grade before high school graduation) to Wave 2 (two years after Wave 1). The reanalyzed data included responses from 476 participants (60.29% females, 39.08% males) who were recruited from Californian high schools in the United States and completed the survey at both Waves. The elastic-net regression was performed 5000 times for predicting three dependent variables, Wave 2 political purpose, community service purpose, and expressive activity purpose, with Wave 1 predictors. We identified which predictors were selected as the constituents of the best regression models during the elastic-net regression process. Results Results showed that civic purpose, moral and political identity, and external supports (e.g., parental and peer involvement, school civic opportunities, etc.) in Wave 1 significantly predicted civic purpose in Wave 2. Several predictors were excluded from the regression models during the elastic-net regression process. Conclusion We found that the elastic-net regression was able to present the more regularized model for prediction. Implications for promoting civic purpose are discussed as well as utilizing the elastic-net regression method.
NASA Glenn Research Center Electrochemistry Branch Battery Overview

This presentation covers an overview of NASA Glenn s history and heritage in the development of electrochemical systems for aerospace applications. Specific areas of focus are Li-ion batteries and their development for future Exploration missions. Current component development efforts for high energy and ultra high energy Li-ion batteries are addressed. Electrochemical systems are critical to the success of Exploration, Science and Space Operations missions. NASA Glenn has a long, successful heritage with batteries and fuel cells for aerospace applications. GRC Battery capabilities and expertise span basic research through flight hardware development and implementation. There is a great deal of synergy between energy storage system needs for aerospace and terrestrial applications.
Translational Control of Myelin Basic Protein Expression by ERK2 MAP Kinase Regulates Timely Remyelination in the Adult Brain

Successful myelin repair in the adult CNS requires the robust and timely production of myelin proteins to generate new myelin sheaths. The underlying regulatory mechanisms and complex molecular basis of myelin regeneration, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of ERK MAP kinase signaling in this process. Conditional deletion of Erk2 from cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage resulted in delayed remyelination following demyelinating injury to the adult mouse corpus callosum. The delayed repair occurred as a result of a specific deficit in the translation of the major myelin protein, MBP. In the absence of ERK2, activation of the ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and its downstream target, ribosomal protein S6 (S6RP), was impaired at a critical time when premyelinating oligodendrocytes were transitioning to mature cells capable of generating new myelin sheaths. Thus, we have described an important link between the ERK MAP kinase signaling cascade and the translational machinery specifically in remyelinating oligodendrocytes in vivo. These results suggest an important role for ERK2 in the translational control of MBP, a myelin protein that appears critical for ensuring the timely generation of new myelin sheaths following demyelinating injury in the adult CNS.
Electron Transport in Chloroplasts I. A COMBINED REQUIREMENT FOR PLASTOQUINONES A AND C FOR PHOTOREDUCTION OF 2,6- DICHLOROINDOPHENOL*

Abstract Long term extraction of lyophilized chloroplasts with heptane removes plastoquinones A 45 and C. Hill reaction activity as measured by photoreduction of 2,6-dichloroindophenol is decreased in proportion to the extraction of plastoquinone C, whereas up to 40% of the plastoquinone A can be removed without affecting photoreductase activity. Some restoration of activity may be obtained by adding plastoquinones A and C separately, but maximum restoration is obtained by adding both quinones. Optimum restoration is obtained with 0.1 µmole of plastoquinone A and 0.01 µmole of plastoquinone C per mg of chlorophyll. Plastoquinone B can replace plastoquinone C, but other chloroplast quinones, such as plastoquinone D, α-tocopherylquinone, and vitamin K1 do not help to restore activity.
CHROMOSPHERIC AND CORONAL STRUCTURE OF POLAR PLUMES – I. Magnetic Structure and Radiative Energy Balance

The Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array (MSSTA), a rocket-borne solar observatory, was successfully launched from White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico, on May 13, 1991 at 19:05 UT. The telescope systems onboard the MSSTA obtained several full disk solar images in narrow bandpasses centered around strong soft X-ray, EUV, and FUV emission lines. Each telescope was designed to be sensitive to the coronal plasmas at a particular temperature, for seven temperatures ranging from 20000 K to 4000000 K. We report here on the images obtained during the initial flight of the MSSTA, and on the chromospheric and coronal structure of polar plumes observed over both poles of the Sun. We have also co-aligned the MSSTA images with Kitt Peak magnetograms taken on the same day. We are able to positively identify the magnetic structures underlying the polar plumes we analyze as unipolar. We discuss the plume observations and present a radiative energy balance model derived from them.
Computer simulations in non-linear chromatography

Abstract Band profiles in non-linear chromatography can be calculated rapidly on modern personal computers, using programs based on the equilibrium-dispersive model. The basic principles of the method are outlined and the results illustrated. The importance of the method is in allowing the performance of long series of experiments at negligible cost and pain and in limiting the amount of energy and chemicals wasted in empirical approaches.
Cognitive therapy techniques in treating incestuous fathers : Examining cognitive distortions and levels of denial

Cognitive treatment is prescribed for working with sexual offenders with specific emphasis on examining levels of denial. Brief overviews of cognitive treatment effectiveness, as well as the effects of child sexual abuse (Finkelhor, 1984) are presented. Client and therapist variables needed to create the therapeutic bond between perpetrator and clinician are addressed. Specific examples of the recognition of levels of denial and treatment of cognitive distortions reported by the sex offenders is stressed with special regard to cognitive therapy.
Brotherhood of no return: a queer reading of Niu Chen-Zer's Monga

This essay positions the 2010 highest-grossing domestic film, Monga, in Taiwan's nativist discourses and teases out the alterity of queerness in the coming-of-age ‘buddy’ film. I contend that Monga disengages from the narrative of ‘sadness’ (beiqing) which characterizes the Taiwan New Cinema in the late 1980s and New Wave Cinema in the 1990s. I read the queer element in the film as a trope for a tendency, as can be seen in other coming-of-age cultural productions after the millennium, to move past the dwelling over a homogenized colonial experience in Taiwan's contemporary historical narratives. As the diegesis of the film displaces the nostalgic search for one's cultural roots with a self-alienating subjectivity by a sublimation of homoeroticism, I posit that Monga performs a ‘patricide’ in its contestation of Taiwanese nationhood and gestures towards a transformative process constituted by self-estrangement.
Some Puzzles About Probability and Probabilistic Conditionals

We examine some old and new paradoxes of probability, give a rough account of probabilistic conditionals, and prove a new result about non-monotonicity in probabilistic conditionals. It is well known that such conditionals are not monotonic --- a conditional which is true can become false when additional hypotheses are added. We show that nonetheless, the conditionals are usuallymonotonic, or roughly speaking that we do not actually have to worry about non-monotonicity in practice.
On the propagation of a quasi-static disturbance in a heterogeneous, deformable, and porous medium with pressure-dependent properties

Author(s): Vasco, DW | Abstract: Using an asymptotic technique, valid when the medium properties are smoothly varying, I derive a semianalytic expression for the propagation velocity of a quasi-static disturbance traveling within a nonlinear-elastic porous medium. The phase, a function related to the propagation time, depends upon the properties of the medium, including the pressure sensitivities of the medium parameters, and on pressure and displacement amplitude changes. Thus, the propagation velocity of a disturbance depends upon its amplitude, as might be expected for a nonlinear process. As a check, the expression for the phase function is evaluated for a poroelastic medium when the material properties do not depend upon the fluid pressure. In that case, the travel time estimates agree with conventional analytic estimates and with values calculated using a numerical simulator. For a medium with pressure-dependent permeability I find general agreement between the semianalytic estimates and estimates from a numerical simulation. In this case the pressure amplitude changes are obtained from the numerical simulator. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.
Social Processing of Discrete Emotions in Humans

I asked human observers to rate capacity and trustworthiness trait impressions of, and to indicate affiliative and avoidant dispositions, and felt emotive responses toward social objects. I show that interpersonal dispositions and emotive responses are systematically associated with variation in perceived levels of these trait impressions. The findings suggest that perception and expression of cues that signal capacity and trustworthiness of reciprocating altruism may underlie discrete affect behaviors in humans.
Hepatomas in Rats and Hepatorenal Injury in Ducklings Fed Peanut Meal or Aspergillus flavus Extract

When rats were fed peanut meal (made from peanuts grown and processed in the United States) for 10–12 months, a high incidence of hepatomas and renal damage was observed. Direct extension of hepato...
Magnetic tape recording: archival considerations

Two important classes of problems arise when long-term (more than a decade) archival storage of magnetic tape recording is undertaken. They include relatively minor concerns over the physical integrity of the software (the tapes themselves) and unresolvable major concerns over the long-term continued availability of the proper hardware (the playback machines themselves) which are needed to make the archival tape usable. In view of this, video recording systems as well as computer data recording systems are examined. The archival stability of modern tapes is assessed, and the archival stability of modern recorders is discussed. >
Ternary paving matroids

Abstract Acketa has determined all binary paving matroids. This paper specifies all ternary paving matroids. There are precisely four minor-maximal 3-connected such matroids: S(5, 6, 12), PG(2, 3), the real affine cube, and one other 8-element self-dual matroid.
Amarillo college: Tracking in a two-year college context

This chapter describes the development of a two-year college's ability to track students, with particular emphasis on applying this capability to evaluating developmental education.
Anodic stripping voltammetry with flow injection analysis

Abstract A flow cell with a wall-jet electrode design is used for anodic stripping voltammetry of lead at concentrations of about 10 −7 mol dm −3 . Maximum peak heights are obtained for narrow nozzle diameters and short nozzle-to-electrode distances. Linear calibration plots are obtainedfor almost four decades of change in concentration and can be extended by judicious choice of sample volume. Increasing sample throughput rates by increasing the solution flow rate decreases the analytical signal. Square wave voltammetry provides shorter analysis times and better sensitivity than differential pulse voltammetry.
A supernumerary microchromosome in amniotic cell cultures and talipes equinovarus in a live born female

Amniocentesis for advanced maternal age resulted in the demonstration of a supernumerary microchromosome in the amniotic fluid cells. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood from the female infant revealed a mosaic karyotype 46, XX/47, XX, + marker. The only anomaly noted in the infant was talipes equinovarus.
An examination of adherence to pain medication plans in older cancer patients in hospice care.

Context Timely and appropriate management of pain is essential to promote comfort at the end of life.