cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gated planar technetium 99m-labeled sestamibi myocardial perfusion image inversion for quantitative scintigraphic assessment of left ventricular function.

Abstract Background. Quantitative assessment of left ventricular systolic performance in conjunction with myocardial perfusion scintigraphy would significantly expand the clinical information obtained from these studies. Methods and Results. Left ventricular function was evaluated in 264 patients in whom planar 99mTc-labeled sestamibi myocardial perfusion images were obtained in the best septal left anterior oblique projection. Digital inversion of these perfusion images allows semiautomated evaluation of the left ventricular cavity, with the commonly available edge-detection software designed for equilibrium blood pool imaging. In this study, ejection fractions derived from this technique were compared with those obtained from a myocardial perfusion phantom, first-pass radionuclide angiography, and contrast ventriculography. In vitro validation demonstrated that the myocardial perfusion image inversion ejection fractions correlated linearly with those obtained from a double-chamber phantom (r=0.999). In vivo, there was good linear correlation between image inversion and first-pass (r=0.88; image inversion=0.98·first-pass+0.11), with 95% agreement on the presence or absence of significant left ventricular systolic dysfunction. There was also very good correlation between image inversion and contrast ventriculographic ejection fractions (n=35; r=0.85; image inversion=0.8·contrast+0.05). Intraobserver and interobserver variability of the image inversion ejection fractions was very small (mean difference of 0.4±0.8 and 2.8±4.7 units, respectively). Conclusions. Gated 99mTc-labeled sestamibi myocardial perfusion image inversion allows evaluation of the dynamics of the left ventricular chamber changes during the cardiac cycle, providing a method for evaluation of systolic function during myocardial perfusion imaging, with highly reproducible results that correlate well with established techniques.
Role of Genotype in the Response of Loblolly Pine to Tropospheric Ozone: Effects at the Whole‐Tree, Stand, and Regional Level

The interaction between tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) and genotype in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is explored, focusing on the consequences of different genotypes in a range of basic and applied issues (.)
Purification of a calcium-activated neutral proteinase from bovine brain

A calcium-activated neutral proteinase (CANP) resolved into three components has been partially purified from bovine brain. The method of isolation has resulted in 22,000, 7,100, and 8,000-fold purification for CANP I, II and III respectively. All three fractions require Ca2+ for activation. The characterization of the purified CANP I has shown that it is activated by 250 μM Ca2+ and the enzyme loses its activity when incubated in the presence of Ca2+ without substrate. Mg2+ is ineffective. The enzyme degrades neurofilament triplet proteins, tubulin and casein efficiently. The myelin basic protein is hydrolyzed after longer incubation. Bovine serum albumin and histones are unaffected. The enzyme is active at pH 5.5 to 9.0 with optimum between pH 7.5 and 8.5. It has a Km of 1.8×10−7 M for the 69,000 dalton neurofilament protein. The enzyme is inhibited by sulphydryl blocking reagents and also by EGTA, leupeptin and E-64c. The SDS-PAGE analysis of the enzyme fractions has shown a major band at 66–68,000 daltons and two minor bands at 60,000 and 48–50,000 daltons for CANP I; a major band at 48–50,000 daltons and a minor band at 30–32,000 daltons for CANP II and a predominant doublet at 30–32,000 daltons with a minor band at 48–50,000 daltons for CANP III. The degradation of neurofilament proteins suggests that the CANP(s) may be involved in the turnover of these proteins.
Autophagy and protein kinase C are required for cardioprotection by sulfaphenazole.

Previously, we showed that sulfaphenazole (SUL), an antimicrobial agent that is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P4502C9, is protective against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury (Ref. 15). The mech...
Tracing the Efficient Curve for Multi-objective Control-Structure Optimization

A recently developed active set algorithm for tracing parametrized optima is adapted to multi-objective optimization. The algorithm traces a path of Kuhn-Tucker points using homotopy curve tracking techniques, and is based on identifying and maintaining the set of active constraints. Second order necessary optimality conditions are used to determine nonoptimal stationary points on the path. In the bi-objective optimization case the algorithm is used to trace the curve of efficient solutions (Pareto optima). As an example, the algorithm is applied to the simultaneous minimization of the weight and control force of a ten-bar truss with two collocated sensors and actuators, with some interesting results.
The structure and genetics of a montane population of the checkerspot butterfly, Chlosyne palla

The population structure, genetics and ecology of the checkerspot butterfly, Chlosyne palla, in an area of Gunnison County, Colorado were investigated. The population structure was found to be quite different from that of most butterflies and from all of those aspects known for its thoroughly studied relative, Euphydryas editha. The population unit of Chlosyne palla may cover an area some five to eight times the size of the largest known Euphydryas population and twice the size of an Erebia epipsodea population in the same county of Colorado.Genetic variation at eleven loci of Chlosyne palla was examined by electrophoresis. Three samples of Chlosyne palla separated by 1.6, 4.7, and 12.0 km were not significantly different. Comparison with Euphydryas editha yields a genetic similarity of 0.186, about the same level as found by Ayala (1975) for different genera of Drosophila. Euphydryas editha from the same Colorado location were more similar to California E. editha than to C. palla, showing concordance with the phenetic classification. Decreased heterozygosity was observed for the Colorado E. editha and C. palla compared to California populations of E. editha and E. chalcedona.
Bioelectric-Research Apparatus

This paper describes a complete amplifying and cathode-ray-tube system suitable for certain bioelectric-research applications. Three independent amplifying channels, working into a three-trace cathode-ray tube allow the recording of three, independent, simultaneous phenomena. The three traces may be partially or wholly superimposed as desired. Each amplifying channel consists of a battery-operated, three-stage, direct-current amplifier coupled to a power-line-operated, direct-current output stage. All channels operate from a common battery and power-line supply. Cathode-ray-tube sweep circuits are direct-current-coupled and entirely power-line-operated. Individual control of centering and sweep speed for each trace is provided. An associated stimulating circuit, synchronized with the sweep, provides stimuli for biologic specimens under study. The amplifier input is either single-ended or differential as desired. Response is flat within 1 decibel from 0 to 7000 cycles per second with a maximum voltage gain of 131 decibels. A maximum voltage gain of 125 decibels may be attained with a response flat within 1 decibel from 0 to 14,000 cycles per second. The sweep amplifiers provide an undistorted output of approximately 500 volts, sufficient for full-scale deflection of the Western Electric 330C cathode-ray tube operating at 3 kilovolts accelerating voltage. Sweep frequencies range from 1 per minute to 20,000 per second.
The effect of annual changes in automobile fuel economy standards

Since 1978 the Federal government has regulated the fuel economy of new cars sold in the United States. The purpose of Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards is to lessen the national dependence on foreign oil. Through the use of theoretical and empirical models this paper examines the impact of CAFE standards on the automobile industry and on energy consumption. It is shown that CAFE standards may or may not save energy. If CAFE does save energy, it does so at a prohibitive cost to the economy. CAFE standards are also shown to have a number of perverse impacts on the automobile industry as well as consumers.
Structural and electronic stability of a volleyball-shaped B 80 fullerene

We have studied the structural and electronic characteristics of a volleyball-shaped ${\text{B}}_{80}$ cage using first-principles density-functional calculations. In contrast to the popularly ratified ``magic'' ${\text{B}}_{80}$ buckyball with 20 hexagonal pyramids and 12 hollow pentagons, the volleyball-shaped ${\text{B}}_{80}$ constitutes 12 pentagonal pyramids, 8 hexagonal pyramids, and 12 hollow hexagons. The ${\text{B}}_{80}$ volleyball is markedly more stable than the previously assumed magic ${\text{B}}_{80}$ buckyball, which is attributed to the improved aromaticity associated with the distinct configuration.
Factional Persistence within Parties in the United States

Factionalism within parties is a subject that is crucial in understanding how parties operate and how well they carry out the functions they are widely assumed to perform. However, factionalism has been undertheorized. In order to provide some theoretical content to the study of factions within parties, I develop a three-part typology of factionalism based on the degree of persistence of factional coalitions and what underlies them. An examination of presidential nominating contests in the major parties of the United States concludes that the degree of factional persistence is due to exogenous factors, and I infer from it a developmental theory. I conclude by suggesting ways in which the analysis might be extended to other nations.
The hidden economy: a new view of remittances in the Arab world

Abstract The hidden economy is set in place by the large-scale migration of labor in search of employment outside national boundaries. Remitted earnings, channeled largely through informal mechanisms, have generated a network of financial and economic relations that define the boundaries and characteristic features of the hidden economy. The hidden economy shapes many of the critical parameters of economic activity of the Middle East, such as exchange rates and the availability of foreign exchange. It is difficult to observe (or measure) working of this important phenomenon, since, to a large extent, it operates through unofficial, informal, or illegal transactions. Special emphasis is given to the cases of Sudan and Egypt to illustrate the operations of the hidden economy and to identify its agents and characteristic features.
Monoclonal antibodies to different epitopes on a prostate tumor-associated antigen. Implications for immunotherapy.

Mouse monoclonal antibodies αPro3 and αPro5 bind to different epitopes on an antigen (p54) of 54 kD reduced and 175 kD nonreduced MW. p54 antigen has been characterized previously with regard to tissue distribution using αPro3 monoclonal antibody; the p54 antigen is present in substantially greater quantities in malignant prostatic tissue extracts than in benign prostatic and nonmalignant nonurogenital tissue extracts. In this report, we have established that αPro5 and αPro3 monoclonal antibodies exhibit same molecule-different epitope recognition. That both antibodies recognize the same molecular entity has been established by partial physicochemical characterization of the antigen recognized by the two antibodies and by sequential immunoprecipitation experiments. Different determinant recognition was established by lack of competitive surface binding between αPro3 and αPro5 to a prostatic carcinoma cell line. The p54 antigen can be labeled with glucosamine and immunoprecipitated from urea-solubilized membrane proteins; however, p54 cannot be detected by immunoprecipitation in a glycosylated form in spent culture medium removed from glucosamine-labeled cells. Experiments using indirect cellular immunoassays and directly radioiodinated monoclonal antibody have shown that both αPro3 and αPro5 form stable complexes with p54 antigen on the prostatic carcinoma cell surface. To the extent that modulation occurs upon interaction of p54 with αPro3 and αPro5, endocytosis of the immune complex appears to be the primary route of modulation. Furthermore, modulation by endocytosis is more intense when αPro3 and αPro5 are used in combination than when either monoclonal antibody is used alone. Although in vivo biologic behavior does not invariably correlate with in vitro behavior, careful in vitro analysis of monoclonal antibodies with respect to cell surface behavior, nevertheless, should precede in vivo evaluation. The data presented in this report indicate that preliminary in vitro analyses will expedite the effectiveness of in vivo immunotherapeutic trials; preliminary in vitro evaluations are absolutely essential if monoclonal-toxic agent (e.g., ricin A) conjugates, which must be internalized by the tumor cell to achieve cytotoxicity, are employed as immunotherapeutic agents.
Introduction to New Work in Comparative Indian Literatures and Cultures

For the thematic issue New Work in Comparative Indian Literatures and Cultures 14.2 (2012) of CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture — following a widely distributed call for papers — we selected new work about literatures in Indian languages by scholars in India, as well as worldwide. We paid close attention to work in the comparative and contextual perspective within the widest definition of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of comparative cultural studies as stated in the aims and objectives of the journal. The articles in the journal's thematic issue at hand contain a range of work with regard to genre and period. New Work in Comparative Indian Literatures and Cultures contains the following articles: "Africa and India in the Novels of Dai and Emecheta" by Debarshi Prasad Nath and Juri Dutta. They discuss the work of two writers belonging to different continents, India and Nigeria. Interestingly, the novels of the two writers Dutta is analyzing — Lummer Dai and Buchi Emecheta —never heard of each other. Both novels are based on the custom of bride price, both writers speak out against the stifling rigidity of traditional customs, and uphold aspects of modernity in languages other than their native tongues. At the same time, both writers affirm the sanctity of the traditional institutions and customs. Emecheta relates her novel through the woman's voice and describes the limited choices available for her protagonist against the overarching presence of the traditional institutions. Dai's novel, on the other hand, presents a more optimistic picture regarding the possibility of change through his protagonist who successfully overcomes the immediate obstacles on her way to self-fulfillment. "The Idea of England in Eighteenth-century Indian Travel Writing" by Amrita Satapathy who discusses how Dean Mahomed's 1794 The Travels of Dean Mahomed maps out territories of the mind of the colonizer and the colonized, how the narrative redefines contours of two diverse communities and cultures, and determines forms of cultural representations. Mahomed's Travels presented for the first time the idea of England from an Indian immigrant's point of view and altered the prejudiced outlook of early Western travel writings about the East. Mahomed's narrative opened an alternative vista for the wideeyed Easterner of the world of the West and exposed a life less ordinary lived by inhabitants of Cork,
Comparison of Facsimile Data Compression Schemes

Ueno et al. [1] developed a strategy for systematic comparison of facsimile data compression schemes based on Markovian models. An extension of this strategy is described which allows systematic comparison with schemes based on non-Markovian grammars, such as relative address coding (RAC).
Stability of local rings of dimension 2.

Abstract The notion of stability of a local ring arises naturally in investigating completed moduli spaces via geometric invariant theory. A scheme corresponding to a boundary point of a moduli space of nonsingular varieties cannot have unstable singular points. This paper reports some results concerning the stability of surface singularities. If a two-dimensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring R is semistable, its multiplicity must be less than seven and either equal to or 1 less than its embedding dimension. If the multiplicity of R is equal to its embedding dimension, the singularity of R must be a simple or cyclic elliptic singularity or the nonnormal limit of such a singularity. The results for the case when the multiplicity of R is less than its embedding dimension are still incomplete; the possible singularities that may arise when the multiplicity of R is equal to 2 or 3 are described.
On extensions of Polyak's averaging approach to stochastic approximation

Stochastic approximation algorithms are considered and Polyak's averaging approach (cf. [1]) is revisited. Under much weaker conditions, convergence and rate of convergence results are developed. In lieu of uncorrelated noise, φ-mixing type of random disturbances are treated. By means of weak convergence methods, it is shown that the multistage algorithms via averaging have asymptotically optimal convergence speed and are efficient procedures
Why are pharmaceutical companies gradually abandoning vaccines

During the past fifty years, the number of pharmaceutical companies making vaccines has decreased dramatically, and those that still make vaccines have reduced resources to make new ones. Pharmaceutical companies are gradually abandoning vaccines because the research, development, testing, and manufacture of vaccines are expensive and because the market to sell vaccines is much smaller than the market for other drug products. Congressional action could assure both a steady supply of existing vaccines and the promise of vaccines for the future.
Changes in sensitivity of vestibular nucleus neurons induced by cross-axis adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the cat

In alert, chronically-prepared cats, we studied response characteristics of well-isolated vestibular nucleus neurons (n = 9) while pairing yaw rotation with a pitch optokinetic stimulus, resulting in cross-axis adaptation of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex. Each neuron's sensitivity to whole body rotation in a variety of axes in three-dimensional space was determined. When tested in darkness following adaptation, neurons showed statistically significant increases in sensitivity to yaw but not vertical plane rotations, suggesting participation in reflex plasticity.
Convexity and concavity constants in Lorentz and Marcinkiewicz spaces

Abstract We provide here the formulas for the q -convexity and q -concavity constants for function and sequence Lorentz spaces associated to either decreasing or increasing weights. It yields also the formula for the q -convexity constants in function and sequence Marcinkiewicz spaces. In this paper we extent and enhance the results from [G.J.O. Jameson, The q -concavity constants of Lorentz sequence spaces and related inequalities, Math. Z. 227 (1998) 129–142] and [A. Kaminska, A.M. Parrish, The q -concavity and q -convexity constants in Lorentz spaces, in: Banach Spaces and Their Applications in Analysis, Conference in Honor of Nigel Kalton, May 2006, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 2007, pp. 357–373].
Silver's syndrome: Report of a case with chromosomal and dermatoglyphic study

1. Shapiro, R.: Preliminary report on Teridax, new cholecystographic medium, Radiology 60: 687, 1953. 2. Astwood, E. B.: Occurrence in sera of certain patients of large amounts of newIy isolated iodine compound, J. A. Am. Physicians 70: 183, 1957. 3. Hall, R. R., and Vander Loan, W. P.: Placental transmission of "Teridax," a new cause of elevated PBI, Ctin. Res. 9': 71, 1961. 4. Shapiro, R.: Effect of maternal ingestion of iophenoxic acid on serum protein bound iodine of progeny, New England J. Med. 264: 378, t961. 5. Hall, R. R., and Vander Loan, W. P.: Effects of iophenoxic acid on tests of thyroid function, J. A. M. A. 177: 648, 1961. 6. Hung, W.: Elevation of protein bound iodine in an eight-year-old due to transplacental passage of an organic iodine dye, Pediatrics 37: 677, 1966.
Glycerol-induced fluid shifts attenuate the vestibulosympathetic reflex in humans

The glycerol dehydration test (GDT) has been used to test for the presence of Meniere's disease and elicits acute alterations in vestibular reflexes in both normal and pathological states. Activati...
Natural history of low grade dysplasia in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis

Abstract Background and Aim Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are at increased risk of colon cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the natural history of LGD and its progression to high grade dysplasia (HGD)/colorectal cancer (CRC) in PSC–UC patients. Methods Ten PSC–UC patients with LGD who underwent surveillance colonoscopy from 1996 to 2011 were evaluated. Raised dysplasia was defined as a discrete raised lesion located in an area involved by either quiescent or active colitis that was endoscopically resected, while flat dysplasia was defined as the absence of documentation of a raised lesion. Results Of the 10 patients with LGD, 3 (30%) progressed to raised HGD over a mean follow-up of 13±11months. Three of 10 patients had initial raised LGD while 7 had flat LGD. The location of HGD was in the proximal colon in all 3 patients. However all 3 patients who progressed to HGD had initial dysplasia located in the distal colon and had flat morphology. The incidence rate for detection of HGD/CRC was 9.4 cases per 100 person years at risk. Patients with LGD with flat morphology had an incidence rate of 17.8 cases per 100 person years at risk. HGD occurred more frequently within the first year of initial detection of LGD (23.5 per 100 patient years of follow-up). Conclusions One-third of patients with LGD progressed to HGD/CRC in PSC–UC. Most patients progress within the first year of diagnosis of LGD supporting early colectomy in PSC–UC patients with LGD.
High-resolution 18 cm spectra of OH/IR stars

High-velocity-resolution, high-signal-to-noise spectra have been obtained for the 18 cm maser emission lines from a number of optically visible OH/IR stars. The spectra have been interpreted in terms of a recent model by Alcock and Ross (1986), in which OH/IR stars lose mass in discrete elements rather than by a continuous wind. Comparison of the observed spectra with synthetic spectra shows that the lines are the composite emission from thousands or tens of thousands of individual elements.
Engineering culture and LGBTQ engineers' use of social change strategies

In this paper, I describe the theoretical framework for an investigation of the ways that engineers who identify as LGBTQ navigate engineering cultures. Previous work by Cech and Waidzunas, Bilimoria and Sewart, and Riley describe strategies that LGBTQ engineers use within highly heteronormative engineering cultures. The strategies described in the previous work fall into what Cox and Gallois refer to as social mobility strategies. Because Cox and Gallois assert that these strategies ultimately prove inadequate, I call for investigation of the use of social change strategies within the context of engineering.
Congenital facial palsy and ipsilateral deafness: Association with maternal diabetes mellitus

Congenital facial palsy and ipsilateral deafness were found in two children of unrelated insulin-requiring diabetics. Multidirectional tomography showed hypoplasia of the internal auditory canal in each case but the cochlea, vestibule and semicircular canals were radiologically normal. The malformation in these patients must have been determined before 23 weeks of gestational age when ossification of the inner ear is complete. The association of this malformation and maternal diabetes is unlikely to be coincidental.
An implanted electrode for recording both rapid eye movements and muscle tone during sleep

Abstract A single electrode pair which permits recording of both cephalic muscle tone and rapid eye movements is described. Use of this method for recording channels, a animals provides the use of fewer recording channels, a method for accurately monitoring the REM state, and an easy means of comparing rapid eye movements with cephalic muscle tone.
Avian neural crest cell fate decisions: a diffusible signal mediates induction of neural crest by the ectoderm.

During neurulation, a region of central ectoderm becomes thickened to form the neural plate which then folds upon itself to generate the neural tube, from which all neurons and glia cells of the central nervous system arise. Neural crest cells form at the border of the neural plate, where it abuts the prospective epidermis. The neural crest is a transient population of cells that undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition, become highly migratory and subsequently differentiate into most of the peripheral nervous systems as well as numerous other derivatives. The origin of neural crest cells at the epidermal–neural plate border suggests that an interaction between these two tissues may be involved in neural crest formation. By experimentally juxtaposing prospective epidermis with naive neural plate, we previously showed that an inductive interaction between these tissues can generate neural crest cells. Here, we further characterize the nature of this inductive interaction by co-culturing isolated neural plate and prospective epidermis on opposing sides of polycarbonate filters with differing pore sizes. We find that neural crest cells are generated even when epidermis and neural plate are separated by filters that do not allow cell contact. These results suggest that the epidermal inducer is a diffusible, secreted molecule. We discuss the developmental potential of neural crest precursors and lineage decisions that effect their differentiation into numerous derivatives.
A Monoclonal Antibody against Wnt-1 Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells

Aberrant activation of the Wingless-type (Wnt)/beta-catenin signaling pathway is associated with a variety of human cancers. Little is known regarding the role that Wnt ligands play in human carcinogenesis. To test whether a Wnt-1 signal is a survival factor in human cancer cells and thus may serve as a potential cancer therapeutic target, we investigated the effect of inhibition of Wnt-1 signaling in a variety of human cancer cell lines, including non small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, mesothelioma, and sarcoma. Both monoclonal antibody and RNA interference (RNAi) were used to inhibit Wnt-1 signaling. We found that incubation of a monoclonal anti-Wnt-1 antibody induced apoptosis and caused downstream protein changes in cancer cells overexpressing Wnt-1. In contrast, apoptosis was not detected in cells lacking or having minimal Wnt-1 expression after the antibody incubation. RNAi targeting of Wnt-1 in cancer cells overexpressing Wnt-1 demonstrated similar downstream protein changes and induction of apoptosis. The antibody also suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Our results indicate that both monoclonal anti-Wnt-1 antibody and Wnt-1 siRNA inhibit Wnt-1 signaling and can induce apoptosis in human cancer cells. These findings hold promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer.
Acanthamoeba Keratitis and Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy

• Two cases ofAcanthamoebakeratitis and infectious crystalline keratopathy, occurring simultaneously, are presented. Three and 12 months after initiating topical corticosteroid therapy in cases 1 and 2, respectively, α-hemolyticStreptococcusviridans was cultured from each cornea. Topical corticosteroid therapy was initiated for the treatment of an annular stromal opacity, presumably secondary to herpes simplex keratitis.Acanthamoebawas identified in culture following penetrating keratoplasty in case 1, andAcanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba rhysodes, andAcanthamoeba castellaniiwere identified using indirect fluorescent antibody staining in case 2. Histopathologic examination and electron microscopy demonstrated sheets of cocci within stromal lamellae characteristic of infectious crystalline keratopathy and doublewalled encysted organisms typical ofAcanthamoeba. These case reports alert one to the possibility of developing bacterial keratitis, such as infectious crystalline keratopathy, following the use of topical corticosteroids for the treatment ofAcanthamoeba keratitis.
An analysis of soviet metallurgical literature

Analysis of five metallurgical abstract series provides information on the extent of Soviet contribution to the literature, its distribution by fields, the media in which it appears, and the laboratories from which it evolves. It is observed that the Soviets publish about a quarter of the world's metallurgical literature, that this literature is not thoroughly abstracted or translated by Western agencies, and that a few hundred highly prolific Soviet authors, concentrated in a relatively small group of laboratories, are responsible for a large fraction of the Soviet metallurgical literature.
‘Lesbian community’ in Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) spaces

This paper explores the investment in the discursive and spatial construct of ‘lesbian community’. This ‘community’ is identifiable through the social spaces of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), where sport and community are connected descriptively and interpretively. To do so, this paper discursively examines fan comments that define WNBA spaces as sites of community. This conversation is situated within the material and discursive context of these spaces, which are continuously remapped as heteronormative by the WNBA. Consequently, this paper concludes that uses of ‘lesbian community’ discourse within heteronormatively coded spaces points to a key strategy of creating safe spaces in an oppressive social climate. Moreover, ‘community’ discourse can be read as an assertion of empowerment in a time and place when lesbian spaces have been integrated and sometimes dissolved into the urban landscape, and when there is no clearly identifiable ‘lesbian space’.
Skyrms on the possibility of universal deception

In the Groundwork, Immanuel Kant famously argued that it would be self-defeating for everyone to follow a maxim of lying whenever it is to his or her advantage. In his recent book Signals, Brian Skyrms claims that Kant was wrong about the impossibility of universal deception. Skyrms argues that there are Lewisian signaling games in which the sender always sends a signal that deceives the receiver. I show here that these purportedly deceptive signals simply fail to make the receiver as epistemically well off as she could have been. Since the receiver is not actually misled, Kant would not have considered these games to be examples of deception, much less universal deception. However, I argue that there is an important sense of deception, endorsed by Roderick Chisholm and Thomas Feehan in their seminal work on the topic, under which Skyrms has shown that universal deception is possible.
On some theoretical and practical aspects of multigrid methods

A description and explanation of a simple multigrid algorithm for solving finite element systems is given. Numerical results for an implementation are reported for a number of elliptic equations, including cases with singular coefficients and indefinite equations. The method shows the high efficiency, essentially independent of the grid spacing, predicted by the theory.
Foster litters prevent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis sensitization mediated by neonatal maternal separation

Neonatal maternal separation of rat pups has been shown to produce long-term increases in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness, elevated levels of hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and enhanced anxiety-like behavior. These effects appear to be at least partially mediated by subtle disruptions in the quality of maternal-pup interactions. This hypothesis was tested by providing half the dams with foster litters during the maternal separation paradigm, so that in those litters, only the pups and not the dams were experiencing a period of separation. The separation protocol took place daily from PND2-14 for either 15 min (HMS15, handled) or 180 min (HMS180, maternal separation). During the period of separation dams were either transferred to adjacent cages without any pups present (HMS15, HMS180) or to cages containing an age-matched foster litter (HMS15F, HMS180F). As adults, the HMS180 progeny exhibited the expected increased expression of CRF mRNA in the PVN, stress hyper-responsiveness to airpuff startle and evidence of impaired feedback both in the CORT response, as well as in response to the dexamethasone suppression test. The HMS180F rats, however, appeared to be resistant to these effects of maternal separation as they demonstrated CRF mRNA levels intermediate between HMS15 and HMS180 rats. Their stress responses and feedback regulation of the HPA axis was comparable to that of the HMS15 rats. GR mRNA was elevated in the cortex of HMS180F rats. Overall, these studies support the thesis that the long-term effects of neonatal maternal separation may largely result from alterations in the quality of maternal care rather than from direct effects of the separation per se on the pups.
Confidence ratings in speech perception research: Evaluation of an efficient technique for discrimination testing

Discriminability of voice onset time was determined for four naive Ss in order to evaluate the relative efficiency of a testing procedure which utilized confidence ratings along with the conventional oddity task. Ss rated their judgments on oddity trials as “very very sure,” “somewhat sure,” or “just guessing.” Each S’s discrimination scores were given weights according to his ratings, yielding functions that were compared with those computed using unweighted percent correct scores. The confidence-rating technique produced readily interpretable results with about one-third as many judgments as are needed when the conventional procedure is used. Possible problems with the interpretation of the functions and the generalizability of the technique are discussed.
Insights and Advances in Post-traumatic Headache: Research Considerations

Despite the growing awareness of mild traumatic brain injury in military and civilian populations, understanding of the acute and chronic effects of concussion on central nervous system structure and function is limited. Even less is understood about the underpinnings of the cardinal postconcussive symptom, post-traumatic headache (PTH). Here, we review recent advances in PTH, with special emphasis on the migraine-like phenotype, the most disabling form. Considerations for future research in PTH are discussed, including diagnostic classification, and applications with advanced neuroimaging techniques, biomarkers, and treatments.
Simplified photoionization analysis of quasar emission spectra.

Simplified photoionization calculations, considering quasar emission lines with ultraviolet rest-wavelengths, can be made including only hydrogen, helium, and carbon ions. With plausible assumptions about the helium abundance and ionizing spectral slope, estimates of the (radiation/gas) pressure ratio and carbon abundance are possible. Proportionality relations, showing the dependences of line ratios upon assumed parameters, may be useful in considering differences between individual spectra.
Gibbs energy and equilibrium: dimensions in the lewis equation

Abstract The well-known relationship between the Gibbs energy change and the equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction, Δ G 0 = − RT In K , seemingly has either extensive dimensions, Δ G 0 , or intensive dimensions, RT . The discrepency is explained on the basis of an ellipsis, the omission of n = 1 as a multiplier, and the relationship is explicitly Δ G 0 = − RT × ( n = 1)ln K and hence extensive.
An investigation of Auger electron signal as a function of sample and detector angles

Abstract The effects of the sample to incident electron beam angle and of the detector angle on the Auger electron signal are important for quantitative Auger analysis, particularly for Auger mapping and line scans. A mean free path model is employed to simulate the Auger signal resulting from a range of sample and detector angles. The model approximates multiple scattering by a normal distribution of ionizing flux angles about the incident beam direction. Experimental observations compare favorably with predictions of the model for Ti and O Auger signals when the model is adjusted to include surface roughness.
Characteristics of a Three-Transistor DRAM Circuit Utilizing a Ferroelectric Transistor

Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cells offer advantages over static random-access memory (SRAM) cells due to their reduced size and relaxed constraints on device sizing ratios. In this paper, the usage of a metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor (MFSFET) in a three-transistor dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) cell is examined, in order to determine the effects caused by its hysteresis properties. Combinations of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) and MFSFETs are explored, along with implementations consisting only of MFSFETs. The effects seen in these circuit configurations will be compared to configurations using only MOSFETs. Experimental data will be presented, showing the effect of varying parameters of the devices and circuit, such as channel length and width, input voltage waveforms, load devices, and capacitance. Particularly, attention will be given to the application of waveforms containing negative voltages to the gates of the transistors.
Gender and Leadership Perceptions Among African Americans

Guided by Eagly's (1987) social role theory and Fiske's (1993) model of status effects in dyads, we studied leadership perceptions within and between gender among African American college students engaged in a problem solving task. Variance components in leadership judgments replicated the pattern of findings reported by Malloy and Janowski (1992), and extended them by showing more consensus in leadership judgments of men by both men and women. Furthermore, there was more consensus in women's judgments of men than in men's judgments of women, and men more accurately predicted how they were judged by women than by men. Reliable self-other agreement of leadership judgments was only observed for men (self) when judged by women. Results revealed a gender bias in leadership perceptions among African Americans that is similar to that observed among European Americans, and were more consistent with a gender inequality model than with a gender equality model.
Should simulator-based endovascular training be integrated into general surgery residency programs?

Abstract Background The impact of high-fidelity simulators as an adjunct for endovascular training of general surgery residents has not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate general surgery resident perspectives on the value of a simulator-based endovascular training program by using various measurement tools. Methods General surgery residents in postgraduate years 1 to 5 (n = 50) participated in a focused endovascular training course covering aortoiliac, renal, and carotid artery disease. The components of the course included didactic lecture, self-learning course material and computer training modules, hands-on exposure to endovascular instruments, and endovascular procedure simulation using a mobile SimSuite unit (Medical Simulation Corporation, Denver, CO). Course participants completed pre- and postcourse questionnaires, knowledge-based testing, and endovascular simulator metric testing. Results Of the 50 general surgery residents who completed the precourse questionnaire and knowledge-based testing, 41 completed the entire program including the postcourse questionnaire and knowledge-based testing, and 33 completed endovascular simulation metric testing. Subjective responses from pre- and postcourse surveys highlighting the residents’ perceptions of the potential role of endovascular simulation as part of general surgery residency training showed favorable responses. On completion of the course, mean knowledge-based test scores had statistically significant improvement (pretest, n = 50, 59.5% ± 12.1% correct and posttest, n = 41, 69.1% ± 15.4% correct [P = .003]). For metric testing of a simulated endovascular procedure (n = 33), 93.9% completed all of the defined tasks within the allotted time period (mean time, 12.2 ± 4.36 minutes; range, 4.1–26.6 minutes; 95% confidence interval for mean 10.8–13.6 minutes). Conclusions Based on subjective and objective measures, general surgery residents found valuable and benefited in knowledge base from a focused simulator-based endovascular training program. Integrating endovascular simulation into general surgery resident training and its influence on resident interest in vascular specialization as a career choice holds future potential.
Effects of dietary sodium on dopamine content of rat adrenal cortex.

Abstract Dopamine occurs in the adrenal cortex and appears to provide maximum tonic inhibition of aldosterone secretion. In the present experiments, the effects of high or low sodium (Na + ) intake on concentrations of dopamine in the adrenal cortex of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. In the first experiment, sham-operated and adrenal demedullated rats were provided with 1.5% NaCl or tap water for drinking for 5 days. In the second experiment, sham-operated and adrenal demedullated rats were fed regular laboratory chow (approximately 0.45% NaCl) or low Na + chow (0.001–0.005% NaCl) for 5 days. High Na + intake was attended by dramatic increases in fluid consumption, urine production and Na + excretion. However, high Na + intake did not affect levels of dopamine, norepinephrine or epinephrine in the adrenal glands. Approximately 45% of adrenal dopamine but less than 4% of either norepinephrine or epinephrine was localized in the adrenal cortex. In the second experiment, animals fed a diet low in Na + had a significant reduction in Na + excretion but levels of adrenal catecholamines were unaffected. Approximately 36% of adrenal dopamine but less than 5% of either norepinephrine or epinephrine was localized in the adrenal cortex. These findings suggest that adrenal cortical dopamine concentrations remain relatively constant in spite of presumed differences in turnover rates of this neurohormone.
Project implementation using a team approach

Lafayette College is a small, private, undergraduate‐only, liberal arts college in Easton, Pennsylvania. The college′s curriculum is distinguished by the rare combination, on an undergraduate campus, of degree programs in both the liberal arts and engineering. The full‐time student enrollment is approximately 2,000, with faculty and administrative staff numbering approximately 500.
A MODULATED LAMP SYSTEM FOR SOLAR UV-B (280-320 nm). SUPPLEMENTATION STUDIES IN THE FIELD

Precise control and modulation of fluorescent sunlamps are necessary for ecologically valid simulation of solar UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation enhancement which would correspond to ozone reduction. A control system is described which allows lamp emittance to be modulated over a large dynamic range (50:1), permits stable lamp operation and starting at low temperatures, and provides a sensitive feedback loop to compensate for both atmospheric conditions, such as cloud cover, as well as changes in radiant emittance from the lamps resulting from factors such as temperature and lamp age.
Intestinal flora and nutrient absorption after intestinal resection

Intestinal resection results in loss of surface area, motor disruption, and an altered luminal milieu, all of which might influence bacterial growth. Our aim was to determine the effect of extensive intestinal resection in the dog on small intestinal bacterial flora and nutrient absorption. Ten dogs underwent 75% proximal intestinal resection and were killed at either 12 or 40 weeks. Five animals underwent transection alone and were killed at 12 weeks. Ileal aspirates were cultured. Nutritional status and nutrient absorption were measured every 4 weeks. Mean total and anaerobic ileal flora were increased after resection, significantly at 40 weeks. Overall, more cultures from resected animals had more than 5×106 total bacteria (6 of 10 vs. 0 of 10,P 5×106/ml) or anaerobic (>105/ml) bacteria. It was concluded that (1) 75% proximal intestinal resection results in significantly more aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the ileal remnant; (2) intestinal bacterial content does not correlate with absorption of nutrients; and (3) the colon, and particularly colonic bacteria, may have a more important role in nutrient absorption than luminal flora in the small intestine after resection.
Within-person variability in state anxiety across adulthood: Magnitude and associations with between-person characteristics:

Across domains of functioning, research has shown substantial within-person variability in a number of different types of variables from one measurement occasion to another. Using data obtained from a large sample (n = 784, 18-97 years) at three separate occasions, we examined properties and correlates of short-term variability in a construct that by definition is prone to fluctuations, namely state anxiety. Our results revealed that participants exhibited sizeable across-occasion variation in state anxiety. The magnitude of variability was unrelated to age, but was associated with a number of individual difference characteristics such as self-reported health, aspects of personality, well-being, and cognition. However, after taking into account mean-level differences in state anxiety, evidence for unique associations of variability was minimal.
The stepladder to the impossible: A first hand phenomenological account of a schizoaffective psychotic crisis

A developmentally oriented commentary on the writer's own 1979 psychotic crisis is presented. In the writer's own case psychosis eventually encroached after real persecution, severe life stress and enhanced arousal and was prompted by an ascription of high distinctiveness to self and a low distinctiveness to others. The impact of coincidences generated and confirmed an interpretation of an externallocus of control. Abnormality (‘illness’) was reflected in a massive escalation of confirmation blas. It is argued that psychosis has its own intrinsic motivation; that life events must be understood in a developmental context; that cognitive factors, often critical, can sometimes be tied to emotional determinants and that gross damage to the self concept, with consequences for spiritual life, plays a causal role in psychosis. A genetic fragility, which biases ongoing emotional and cognitive life, is nonetheless strongly indicated.
A model-driven approach for generating embedded robot navigation control software

Real-time embedded systems are time-critical systems that are hard to implement as compared to traditional commercial software, due to the large number of conflicting requirements. This paper describes undergraduate research into the use of advanced modeling techniques to improve the development of embedded systems. In particular, we have developed domain-specific models that describe the configuration and layout of a hazardous environment, which is symbolically represented as an area contaminated with hazardous materials (e.g., land mines), as well as objects to be rescued (e.g., babies). The motivation is to model a disaster site that is too dangerous for humans to search for survivors. From the visual model specifications, model interpreters will generate the embedded code that will control two LEGO Mindstorms robots. The mission of the robots is to traverse the hostile terrain and rescue the surviving babies. The modeling environment and generative techniques are described.