cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial metrics for detecting ecosystem degradation in the ridge-slough patterned landscape.

Abstract Indicators of landscape condition should be selected based on their sensitivity to environmental changes and their capacity to provide early warning detection of those changes. We assessed the performance of a suite of spatial-pattern metrics selected to quantify the condition of the ridge-slough landscape in the Everglades (South Florida, USA). Spatial pattern metrics (n = 14) that describe landscape composition, geometry and hydrologic connectivity were enumerated from vegetation maps of twenty-five 2 × 2 km primary sampling units (PSUs) that span a gradient of hydrologic and ecological condition across the greater Everglades ecosystem. Metrics were assessed in comparison with field measurements from each PSU of landscape condition obtained from regional surveys of soil elevation, which have previously been shown to capture dramatic differences between conserved and degraded locations. Elevation-based measures of landscape condition included soil elevation bi-modality (BI SE ), a binary measure of landscape condition, and also the standard deviation of soil elevation (SD SE ), a continuous measure of condition. Metric performance was assessed based on the strength (sensitivity) and shape (leading vs. lagging) of the relationship between spatial pattern metrics and these elevation-based measures. We observed significant logistic regression slopes with BI SE for only 4 metrics (slough width, ridge density, directional connectivity index – DCI, and least flow cost – LFC). More significant relationships (n = 8 metrics) were observed with SD SE , with the strongest associations for slough density, mean ridge width, and the average length of straight flow, as well as for a suite of hydrologic connectivity metrics (DCI, LFC and landscape discharge competence – LDC). Leading vs. lagging performance, inferred from the curvature of the association obtained from the exponent of fitted power functions, suggest that only DCI was a leading metric of the loss of soil elevation variation; most metrics were indeterminate, though some were clearly lagging. Our findings support the contention that soil elevation changes from altered peat accretion dynamics precede changes in landscape pattern, and offer insights that will enable efficient monitoring of the ridge-slough landscape as part of the ongoing Everglades restoration effort.
Breaking a Vicious Cycle

In this issue of the Journal, Moutsopoulos et al.1 report on a patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD1) who was successfully treated with ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody to the p40 subunit common to interleukin-12 and interleukin-23. Patients with LAD1 have defective neutrophil adhesion, which results in few neutrophils making it into inflamed tissues. Typical locations of chronic inflammation in these patients include mucosal, skin, and periodontal sites. During 14 months of ustekinumab treatment, the patient’s severe chronic periodontitis and a deep sacral ulcer largely resolved. Blocking of p40 is unlikely to restore defective neutrophil function in patients with . . .
Space dependent, full orbit effects on runaway electron dynamics in tokamak plasmas

The dynamics of RE (runaway electrons) in fusion plasmas span a wide range of temporal scales, from the fast gyro-motion, ∼ 10 − 11 s, to the observational time scales, ∼ 10 − 2 → 1 s. To cope with this scale separation, RE are usually studied within the bounce-average or the guiding center approximations. Although these approximations have yielded valuable insights, a study with predictive capabilities of RE in fusion plasmas calls for the incorporation of full orbit effects in configuration space in the presence of three-dimensional magnetic fields. We present numerical results on this problem using the Kinetic Orbit Runaway electrons Code that follows relativistic electrons in general electric and magnetic fields under the full Lorentz force, collisions, and radiation losses. At relativistic energies, the main energy loss is due to radiation damping, which we incorporate using the Landau-Lifshitz formulation of the Abraham-Lorentz-Dirac force. The main focus is on full orbit effects on synchrotron radi...
Dimension of compact metric spaces

Abstract We give a survey of old and new results in dimension theory of compact metric spaces. Most of the relatively new results presented in the survey are based on the cohomological dimension approach. We complement the survey by stating the basics of cohomological dimension theory and listing some of its applications beyond the dimension theory.
An Investigation of Various Parameters in a Fixed Bed Fisher-Tropsch Reactor

One dimensional heterogeneous model equations are used to investigate various parameters that govern the performance of Fisher-Tropsch synthesis reactor. These parameters include H 2 and CO conversion, yield of hydrocarbons and CO 2 production during WGS reaction. Temperature and pressure along the length of fixed bed micro reactor are also calculated. MATLAB code is evaluated to simulate the fixed bed reactor for utilizing syngas as efficiently as possible. The results of this theoretical work revealed that along the length of the reactor, the concentration of CO and hydrogen is decreased from 0.29 to 0.289 and 0.70 to 0.58 respectively. In contrast, the hydrocarbons concentra­tions are increased along the length of the reactor. The temperature is increased from 433 to 434.6K and pres­sure drop increased from 17 to 17.06 bars. CO 2 is also produced during water gas shift reaction which is a byproduct of FTS process. Keywords : fixed bed reactor; Fisher -Tropsch synthesis; mathematical modelling; MATLAB simulation; heterogeneous reactor model
Everyday material engagement: supporting self and personhood in people with Alzheimer’s disease

Threats to the self and personhood of people with ADRD include the disturbing images of Alzheimer’s disease as the death before death, culturally based assumption that status as a full human being is dependent upon cognition and memory, and a decrease in personal possessions with a move to a 24-h care setting. This paper presents the findings of an ethnographic study of self and personhood in Alzheimer’s disease in an American long-term care facility. It argues that the lifeworld in which the self and personhood of individuals with ADRD is actualized is mediated and negotiated through engagement with everyday objects. Using a framework that integrates Material Engagement Theory with Bourdieu’s Practice Theory, it is argued that the study of the material engagement of individuals with ADRD can lead to a better understanding of the lives of individuals with ADRD by focusing on the material and non-discursive aspects of objects. Findings contribute to the understanding of current practice issues in dementia care while shifting the focus away from exclusively biomedical understanding. Paradoxically, people with ADRD, due to their cognitive impairment, may provide us with a more fundamental way to understand the importance of objects in the lives of humans in general.
An Altered Eating Experience: Attitudes Toward Feeding Assistance Among Younger and Older Adults.

PURPOSE Feeding assistance is commonly used to alleviate mealtime difficulties and decrease risk. It is unclear how to best support the transition from independence to assisted feeding across the lifespan. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine attitudes toward feeding assistance among healthy younger and older adults. DESIGN Qualitative study. METHODS A total of 17 younger and 19 older adults were interviewed following a simulated feeding (assisted and self-feeding) experience. Comments were coded for sensation (physical/emotional) and sentiment (positive/negative/neutral) and analyzed for common themes. FINDINGS All participants commented primarily on the physical aspects of feeding assistance. Younger adults were more likely than older adults to make negative comments, particularly as related to the loss of independence. All participants indicated difficulties/differences with the feeding process stemming from their own preferences not being realized. CONCLUSIONS/CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although all adults value independence in the aging process, younger adults may more negatively view receiving feeding assistance as a loss of independence. This suggests the need to redefine autonomy in the presence of increased dependence. It is also necessary to individualize the feeding process in order to incorporate individual identity into eating. Promoting interdependence as the consequence of feeding assistance, rather than dependence, can help support this time of transition and promote patient well-being.
Effects of vasoactive stimuli on blood flow to choroid plexus

The goal of this study was to examine effects of vasoactive stimuli on blood flow to choroid plexus. We used microspheres to measure blood flow to choroid plexus and cerebrum in anesthetized dogs a...
On the Spreading Mechanism of a Turbulent Spot in Plane Poiseuille Flow

Transition to turbulence in plane channel flow has previously been studied both as a simple model problem for more complicated shear flows and as an interesting problem in its own right. Traditional vibrating ribbon induced transition was studied by Nishioka, Iida & Ichikawa [18] where it was found that similar three-dimensional breakdown occurs as in the boundary layer [14], [15]. Two-dimensional TollmienSchlichting waves grow to a finite amplitude, become unstable to small oblique waves and create lambda vortex-like structures that quickly break down to turbulence. Secondary instability analysis has been able to theoretically predict this behaviour [12], [19].
On the Structure of Finite Depth Subfactors

We study the basic construction of a pair of reduced subfactors N p ⊂ pM p, p ∈ N 1 ⋂ M a projection and provide a method of computing the graphs of the reduced subfactors using the Bratteli diagrams of the original inclusion N ⊂ M. Then we describe what we mean by a fusion algebra associated to a subfactor and explain how these fusion algebras can be computed explicitly. In particular this provides an explicit method of calculating the graphs of the reduced subfactors. We present the results of these computations for various subfactors such as for the 3+√3 subfactor and for Haagerup’s smallest finite depth subfactor of the hyperfinite II1 factor with index above 4.
Determination of energy release rate and mode mix in three-dimensional layered structures using plate theory

A plate theory-based method for determining energy release rates is presented for general loadings of three dimensional layered structures. Mode decomposition is performed for cases that exhibit an inverse square root singularity and for which certain other restrictions apply. Predictions for energy release rate and mode mix for typical problems are presented and verified by comparison with results obtained by three dimensional finite element analyses.
Cultural and Sociolinguistic Features of the Black Deaf Community

This study looks to obtain a better understanding of the issues surrounding the Black Deaf community by examining the cultural and sociolinguistic features that differentiate it from the larger Deaf community. In the present study, three deaf black participants were asked a series of questions about their experiences within the Black Deaf community as well as their observations concerning Black Deaf signing. It was hypothesized that black signers would utilize more traditional signs. On the contrary, results suggested that Black Deaf signing is becoming more similar to Black English. Culturally, participants identified a divide between the black and mainstream Deaf communities. While the prominence of signing styles characteristic of the segregated schools for the Deaf may be waning, the racial attitudes that prompted this divide seem to be ever-present. This paper complements previous work on Black signing because it reveals its evolution and broadening applicability, providing further support for the establishment and promotion of Black Deaf organizations
A Critical Reading of Aloha and Visual Sovereignty in Ke Kulana He Māhū

Native Studies and Queer Studies have begun creating linkages that interrogate the normalization of heterosexuality within Native communities and the ways that settler colonialism has been unquestioned in Queer Studies scholarship. This article adds to this body of scholarship by performing a critical re-reading of the film, Ke Kulana He Māhū (2001), a film about the history of sexuality in Hawaiʻi and the role of māhūs in modern day Hawaiian culture. The film engages the struggles for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in Hawaiʻi throughout the 1990s, but, curiously, it obscures the Hawaiian sovereignty movement that was happening simultaneously. Against this backdrop, I examine the rhetorical performance of aloha in the film and the dangers of harnessing Hawaiian culture to support the recognition of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) rights. This article also examines how the film participates in visual sovereignty to foreground Kanaka Maoli commitments to cultural identity, community and belonging.
Effect of Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Among Adults With Depression.

Objective:Multiple studies have detailed the relationship between Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act and various health and financial outcomes. However, fewer studies have examined Me...
The hippocampal sharp wave–ripple in memory retrieval for immediate use and consolidation

Various cognitive functions have long been known to require the hippocampus. Recently, progress has been made in identifying the hippocampal neural activity patterns that implement these functions. One such pattern is the sharp wave–ripple (SWR), an event associated with highly synchronous neural firing in the hippocampus and modulation of neural activity in distributed brain regions. Hippocampal spiking during SWRs can represent past or potential future experience, and SWR-related interventions can alter subsequent memory performance. These findings and others suggest that SWRs support both memory consolidation and memory retrieval for processes such as decision-making. In addition, studies have identified distinct types of SWR based on representational content, behavioural state and physiological features. These various findings regarding SWRs suggest that different SWR types correspond to different cognitive functions, such as retrieval and consolidation. Here, we introduce another possibility — that a single SWR may support more than one cognitive function. Taking into account classic psychological theories and recent molecular results that suggest that retrieval and consolidation share mechanisms, we propose that the SWR mediates the retrieval of stored representations that can be utilized immediately by downstream circuits in decision-making, planning, recollection and/or imagination while simultaneously initiating memory consolidation processes. Sharp wave–ripples (SWRs) are specific neural activity patterns in the hippocampus that are thought to support memory. In this Review, Hannah Joo and Loren Frank explore where and when SWRs are generated and propose a revised view of the role of these activity patterns in memory functions.
Building a repository for record linkage

ICPSR is building LinkageLibrary, a repository and community space for researchers involved in linking and combining datasets, as a collaboration between social, statistical, and computer scientists. Unlike surveys or experiments where causal and outcome variables are measured in tandem, it is often necessary when working with organic, non-design data to link to other measures. This makes linkage methodologies particularly important when conducting analyses using administrative data. A common benchmarking repository of linkage methodologies will propel the field to the next level of rigor by facilitating comparison of different algorithms, understanding which types of algorithms work best under different conditions and problem domains, promoting transparency and replicability of research, and encouraging proper citation of methodological contributions and their resulting datasets. It will bring together the diverse scholarly communities (e.g., computer scientists, statisticians, and social, behavioral, economic, and health (SBEH) scientists) who are currently addressing these challenges in disparate ways that do not build on one another’s work. Improving linkage methodologies is critical to the production of representative samples, and thus to unbiased estimates of a wide variety of social and economic phenomena. The repository will accelerate the development of new record linkage algorithms and evaluation methods, improve the reproducibility of analyses conducted on integrated data, allow comparisons on same and different data, and move forward the provision of privacy-aware integrated data. The presentation will focus on lessons learned while building the repository and the community, and introduce the LinkageLibrary website.
Diagnosis and Classification

Almost one third of all individuals who are 18 years or older and live in the United States have experienced, at some time in their lives, an alcohol-abuse, substance-abuse, or mental disorder. In any 1-month period, three of 20 adults living in the United States experience these disorders. When alcohol or substance abuse is excluded from these statistics, the lifetime prevalence for mental disorders is 23%; the 1-month prevalence is 13%. These statistics are reported in the recent National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) survey, which is the largest, population-based survey of the incidence of mental and substance-abuse disorders among individuals 18 years and older who live in the United States (Regier et al., 1990). Some readers may find these statistics even more striking when they consider that the disorders reflected in this survey are severe conditions, such as schizophrenia, organic brain disorders, depression, and incapacitating anxiety The statistics exclude millions of Americans who experience disorders of psychological or psychophysiological function, such as depersonalization disorders, disorders of impulse control (e.g., pathological gambling), chronic pain, Type A behavior, sexual disorders, and those individuals who experience dysfunction associated with life crises (e.g., death of a loved one, divorce, or sexual assault). These statistics do not reflect the incidence of mental disorders in childhood and adolescence. Nor does their summary here reflect the wide variability of incidence across factors such as geographic region, socioeconomic status, gender, or ethnicity.
Identifying Barriers in the Use of Electronic Health Records in Hawai‘i

Hawai'i faces unique challenges to Electronic Health Record (EHR) adoption due to physician shortages, a widespread distribution of Medically Underserved Areas and Populations (MUA/P), and a higher percentage of small independent practices. However, research on EHR adoption in Hawai'i is limited. To address this gap, this article examines the current state of EHR in Hawai'i, the barriers to adoption, and the future of Health Information Technology (HIT) initiatives to improve the health of Hawai'i's people. Eight focus groups were conducted on Lana'i, Maui, Hawai'i Island, Kaua'i, Moloka'i, and O'ahu. In these groups, a total of 51 diverse health professionals were asked about the functionality of EHR systems, barriers to use, facilitators of use, and what EHRs would look like in a perfect world. Responses were summarized and analyzed based on constant comparative analysis techniques. Responses were then clustered into thirteen themes: system compatibility, loss of productivity, poor interface, IT support, hardware/software, patient factors, education/training, noise in the system, safety, data quality concerns, quality metrics, workflow, and malpractice concerns. Results show that every group mentioned system compatibility. In response to these findings, the Health eNet Community Health Record initiative - which allows providers web-based access to patient health information from the patient's provider network- was developed as a step toward alleviating some of the barriers to sharing information between different EHRs. The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act of 2015 (MACRA) legislation will introduce a new payment model in 2017 that is partially based on EHR utilization. Therefore, more research should be done to understand EHR adoption and how this ruling will affect providers in Hawai'i.
Materials research and development focus areas for low cost automotive proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Research and development of fuel cell materials often focuses on designing and discovering materials which will reduce the cost or improve the durability of an individual subcomponent. Examples of recent focus areas include non-Pt group metal catalysts, noncarbon catalyst supports, and nonfluorinated membranes. These studies rarely look at the entire system to comprehend the impact of these materials on the cost of ownership to the customer, including vehicle and fuel costs. This perspective takes a holistic look at the impact of functional materials on automotive fuel-cell systems and provides direction on which material properties will provide the greatest benefit. It also provides guidance on which material classes are the most likely to enable the achievement of systems which will result in the successful commercialization of light-duty fuel-cell vehicles.
Robotic process automation

Gemas Google-Trends steigt das Interesse an Robotic Process Automation (RPA) noch immer an, jedoch ist laut Gartner der Hype bereits voruber. Zeit also, sich mit dem Thema in einer neutralen Art auseinanderzusetzen. Anhand einiger Schlusselreferenzen und unserer Erfahrung liefert dieser Beitrag einen Themenuberblick. Wir definieren zunachst den Begriff „RPA“, beziehen dabei auch die Vorgangertechnologien mit ein und zeigen die Beziehung zu den artverwandten Konzepten BPMS, SOA, EAI und STP auf. Dabei losen wir auch haufig auftauchende Missverstandnisse auf, wie z. B., dass RPA nur fur das automatisierte Bedienen von grafischen Benutzerschnittstellen (Graphical User Interface, GUI) steht. Anschliesend zeigen wir schematisch die Architektur typischer RPA-Systeme auf und unterscheiden dabei die zwei zentralen Betriebsmodi „Attended“ (Robot im Tandem mit dem Menschen) und „Unattended“. Darauffolgend beschreiben wir den versprochenen Nutzen von RPA –zusammengefasst in kurzerer Zeit mit weniger Kosten eine hohere Qualitat erreichen –, typische Einsatzgebiete (z. B. Routineaufgaben, bei denen Daten aus unterschiedlichen Anwendungssystemen kopiert oder kombiniert werden) aber auch oft genannte Risiken (z. B. Personalabbau). Wir schliesen den Artikel mit einem Ausblick fur Praxis und Forschung, wobei wir insbesondere auf den verstarkten Einbezug kunstlicher Intelligenz eingehen und eine Empfehlung fur weiterfuhrende Forschung geben.
Form as Formalization

This article argues that large portions of the Internal Revenue Code are already formalized, because tax forms themselves formalize significant portions of tax law. (Tax preparation programs such as TurboTax do not encode the law—they encode the forms.) Tax forms turn portions of the law into an algorithm for taxpayers to apply. And because forms turn law into algorithms, the forms themselves—not the instructions, but the actual forms, the actual way that entries are set to interact with each other—may contain judgements about the law.
Factors Related to State Lockdown Policies: A Comparison of Jobs Lost with Deaths from COVID-19 by State

The COVID-19 debate in the United States has become more contentious in late April and early May 2020. On one side are voices arguing there is no end in sight for the risks associated with COVID-19 and that lockdown and stay at home policies need to persist. A divergence of opinion regarding these policies formed largely along party lines. Blue state governors emphasized the importance of continued lockdown policies and social distance policies. Red state governors, while still being concerned about health and safety, were recommending the reopening of the U.S. economy. Recent studies such as Tellis, Sood and Sood (2020) have identified political affiliation as a primary driver for policy decisions in the COVID-19 era. This study examines the role of political affiliation both in the advice governors provide for lockdown vs reopen the economy. Also considered is the relative impact of jobs lost over COVID-19 deaths. The study concludes that red states are paying a much higher relative price than blue states. For example, Hawaii has lost over 9,000 jobs for each of the 13 jobs lost. South Dakota has lost over 7,000 jobs for each of the 10 deaths attributed to COVID-19. In addition, this paper examines three troubling aspects of the data being used to justify lockdown measures and social distancing. Another reason for the undue burden being borne by red states is the fact that more than 88 percent of COVID-19 cases have been in blue states. Finally, a brief consideration of the massive amounts of U.S. debt being accumulated by the Federal Reserve and the risks for the U.S. financial condition is also briefly discussed.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Women’s Health: Gender and Pain

The number of high quality submissions to our special issue on women’s health has allowed us to provide a sequel to Issues 1 and 2 on reproductive and sexual health. This double issue (3 and 4) foc...
Demonstration of Power Improvements on a Diesel Engine Operating on Multiple Fuels (2010-01-1318)

Continually increasing the maximum specific power output of engines used in military vehicles is vital to maintaining a battlefield advantage. An enabling technology for power optimization on existing engine architectures is advanced engine control based on real-time feedback control of the combustion. An engine equipped with intelligent controls and multi-fuel capable components has been used to demonstrate power improvements based on feedback control of the fueling by means of in-cylinder pressure measurements. In addition to optimized power output for the engine, the technology suite provides the capability to utilize both standard diesel fuel and alternatives such as jet fuel, biodiesel, or any mixture. A cylinder balancing algorithm adjusts the fueling to achieve even power distribution between cylinders for improved performance and durability, or to operate all cylinders at the cylinder pressure limit when maximum power is required. Tests performed at lug-line conditions show that closed-loop control reduced the cylinder-to-cylinder Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) variation from ±8% to < ±2%. A multi-fuel algorithm adjusts and balances the cylinders to achieve optimal power output even when the fuel chemistry differs from standard diesel fuel, such as when operating on JP-8. This study quantitatively demonstrates that the normalized engine torque can be held within 2% for closed-loop operation between DF-2, JET-A and B100 fuels. The results of this work show improved power density of a diesel engine, with a wide range of fuels, through the combination of flexible, high pressure fuel injection technology and advanced engine controls with cylinder pressure feedback.
Gratefulness and Resentfulness: A Virtuous Asymmetry

Scholars distinguish between gratitude, which involves not only appreciation of benefit but a positive feeling directed to the benefactor, from gratefulness, which does not necessarily involve any benefactor, much less a feeling toward one (‘I am grateful for the warm sunshine.’). I suggest a parallel distinction between resentment and resentfulness. I argue that virtue recommends asymmetric attitudes between gratefulness and resentfulness. The one is good, and the other is bad. Both sentiments spring from primeval instincts; in particular, in the primeval band, resentfulness would be provoked by inequality and by non-inclusiveness, and give rise to proper resentment. But we are not in the band anymore. Since, now, only resentfulness is bad, only it should be deemed an atavism. Gratefulness is, rather, a virtue, and should be encourage.
Fully resolved assembly of Cryptosporidium parvum

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan parasite commonly found across many species with a global infection prevalence of 7.6%. As such, it is important to understand the diversity and genomic makeup of this prevalent parasite to prohibit further spread and to fight infection. The general basis of every genomic study is a high quality reference genome that has continuity and completeness and is of high quality, thus enabling comprehensive comparative studies. Findings: Here, we provide a highly accurate and complete reference genome of Cryptosporidium parvum. The assembly is based on Oxford Nanopore reads and was improved using Illumina reads for error correction. We also outlined how to evaluate and choose from different assembly methods based on two main approaches that can be applied to other Cryptosporidium species. The assembly encompasses 8 chromosomes and includes 13 telomeres that were resolved. Overall, the assembly shows a high completion rate with 98.4% single copy BUSCO genes. The consensus accuracy of the established reference genome was further validated by sequence alignment of established genetic markers for C. parvum. Conclusions: This high quality reference genome of a zoonotic IIaA17G2R1 C. parvum subtype isolate provides the basis for subsequent studies and comparative genomic studies across the Cryptosporidium clade. Thus will enable improved understanding of diversity, functional and thus association studies.
Nonadiabatic dynamics with spin-flip versus linear-response time-dependent density functional theory: A case study for the protonated Schiff base C5H6NH2+

Nonadiabatic trajectory surface hopping simulations are reported for trans-C5H6NH2+, a model of the rhodopsin chromophore, using the augmented fewest-switches algorithm. Electronic structure calculations were performed using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) in both its conventional linear-response (LR) and its spin-flip (SF) formulations. In the SF-TDDFT case, spin contamination in the low-lying singlet states is removed by projecting out the lowest triplet component during iterative solution of the TDDFT eigenvalue problem. The results show that SF-TDDFT is able to correctly describe the photoisomerization of trans-C5H6NH2+, with favorable comparison to previous studies using multireference electronic structure methods. In contrast, conventional LR-TDDFT affords qualitatively different photodynamics due to an incorrect excited-state potential surface near the Franck-Condon region. In addition, the photochemistry (involving pre-twisting of the central double bond) appears to be different for SF- and LR-TDDFT, which may be a consequence of different conical intersection topographies afforded by these two methods. The present results contrast with previous surface-hopping studies suggesting that the LR-TDDFT method's incorrect topology around S1/S0 conical intersections is immaterial to the photodynamics.
Mitigating Noise-Induced Gradient Vanishing in Variational Quantum Algorithm Training

Variational quantum algorithms are expected to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computing on near-term noisy quantum computers. However, training such variational quantum algorithms suffers from gradient vanishing as the size of the algorithm increases. Previous work cannot handle the gradient vanishing induced by the inevitable noise effects on realistic quantum hardware. In this paper, we propose a novel training scheme to mitigate such noise-induced gradient vanishing. We first introduce a new cost function of which the gradients are significantly augmented by employing traceless observables in truncated subspace. We then prove that the same minimum can be reached by optimizing the original cost function with the gradients from the new cost function. Experiments show that our new training scheme is highly effective for major variational quantum algorithms of various tasks.
Ligand binding and dissociation into subunits in hemoglobin: a study with "hybridization" techniques.

“Hybridization” of adult human and canine hemoglobins is greatly depressed by the deoxygenation, which suggests that the strength and/or the nature of the inter-chain linkages may undergo a reversible and profound alteration dependent upon the ligand binding. A non-linear relationship is observed between the extent of the “hybridization” and that of the oxygenation, which implies that the above stated alteration in the quaternary structure of hemoglobin proceeds in a non-straightforward manner with the ligand binding.
Chain management issues and good housekeeping procedures to minimise food processing waste.

Publisher Summary This chapter explains that minimizing the volume of pre- and post-production organic and nonorganic waste is vital to companies in the food processing supply chain. Essential business objectives for minimizing solid waste throughout the supply chain are to minimize inputs and reduce the potential for waste, and to contemplate re-engineering or creating co-products to add value. Waste minimization is an efficient and up-front solution to waste management that can significantly alter the way a business thinks about and treats waste. Although recycling is the solution that is usually embraced by those concerned about waste, waste minimization is a superior approach because it aims to eliminate or reduce the quantity or toxicity of manufacturing wastes in addition to waste generated by products at the end of their useful life. The food supply chain is a network of companies that handle food, from the farmer to the retailer. Supply-chain management is a relatively new concept that first appeared in the 1980s in the Japanese motor industry. A crucial factor in supply-chain waste reduction programs is the partnership based on trust between each of the participating members. The chapter also explains that housekeeping is a general term used to describe how a facility's daily activities are carried out. Housekeeping measures include storage, inventory control, cleaning, maintenance, and record keeping. Therefore, good housekeeping is crucial for ensuring that a company is run efficiently. It is also the first and most essential step to minimizing waste and saving resources. Good housekeeping procedures can be applied to all activities in food processing facilities, including purchasing, materials accounting, inventory control, receiving, delivery, storage, proper labeling, optimizing operations and processes, preventive maintenance, and recovery/reuse/recycling.
Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of the Siotted-Wall Flow Field in a Transonic Wind Tunnel

The flow in the vicinity of a longitudinally slotted wind-tunnel wall is theoretically analyzed, and equations describing the pressure drop across the wall are derived. The ideal form of the slotted-wall boundary condition is shown to effectively model the wall pressure drop upstream of the point of maximum model thickness providing that a zero-shift correction to the reference pressure is included in the analysis. The wall-pressure drop equations can be linearized by subtracting the tunnel-empty boundary condition. Good correlation is obtained between experimental and theoretical values for variations in Mach number and angle of attack.
Health Care: Public Good or Private Enterprise?

I start with the premise that the success of our efforts in health care is best measured by our ability to impact the health status of our citizens in the most affordable way possible. This brief provides an overview of the history of organized health care systems, then discusses several of the conundrums that are posted by knowledge of that history.
Orality-Grounded HCID: Understanding the Oral User

While human-computer interaction (HCI) methodologies are designed to be general, they have most often been applied in the context of literate end users in the West. These methodologies may, however, need rethinking for application in HCI for the developing world (HCID) contexts, where many of the basic assumptions that underpin the methods may not always hold true. In this article, we present an overview of one factor that is significantly different in the HCID context—the literacy of the end user—by drawing on the literature of orality, and we offer a framework for HCID methodology that we argue is more appropriate for the HCID context. Based on this framework, we then present guidelines for design and user research methodologies in such contexts, highlighting seminal HCID research that corroborates these guidelines.
An Anti‐Diegob (Dib) Antibody Occurring during Pregnancy

A case is reported in which fetal erythrocytes were sensitized by IgG maternal anti-Dib, which indicates that Dib incompatibility must be considered in cases of erythroblastosis fetalis caused by a high-frequency erythrocyte antigen, especially in persons of Mongoloid or American Indian extraction.
Ancient History of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Although there are many erudite reports on the history of endocrinology and endocrine disorders, the history of congenital adrenal hyperplasia has not been published. I have tried to review ancient as well as modern history of CAH.
Carbon nanotube growth for GHz devices

Horizontally oriented single walled carbon nanotubes are grown with CVD between lithographically defined catalyst sites. Single walled carbon nanotubes up to 60 /spl mu/m in length are grown using methane as the feedstock. The nanoparticle catalyst is deposited from a newly developed aqueous solution requiring only photoresist and optical lithography. Carbon nanotube Y-junctions are also observed and characterized.
Deep Underwater Muon and Neutrino Detection (Dumand)

The present status of the DUMAND project, a multi institution (a) international collaboration of cosmic-ray physicists, is outlined in terms of scientific goals, conceptual design, and first prototype development. The activities at the Hawaii DUMAND Center, especially the construction and deployment of the Muon String of Cerenkov detectors, are described. Properties of the basic array of 756 optical sensors, plus hydrophones, for detection of high-energy muons and muon-neutrino interactions are given. The array should be able to detect point sources of high-energy neu trinos from active galaxies, using neutrino-flux predictions of some astrophysical models. This unique long-term ocean-bottom facility also has important applications for ocean science and engineering. A major proposal for construction ($10 Million over five years) will be submitted soon.
Diagnosis of primary fibrosarcoma of the lung by fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy

Primary pulmonary sarcomas are uncommon neoplasms. Primary fibrosarcoma of the lung is extremely rare, and only 53 cases have been documented in the literature to date. To our knowledge, the diagnosis of primary lung fibrosarcoma by fine-needle aspiration cytology has never been reported. We report a case of pulmonary fibrosarcoma diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy. The neoplasm consisted of interweaving fascicles of minimally atypical spindle cells with slender nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Positive immunohistochemistry for vimentin along with nonreactivity of tumor cells for keratin, S100 protein, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and CD34 supported the the diagnosis. The diagnosis was later confirmed by histologic and ultrastructural findings following lobectomy. A meticulous clinical search for a possible primary neoplasm elsewhere was unsuccessful, and lung was established as the primary site. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy are reliable methods for establishing a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma.
DT configuration of the TFTR illumination system

A capability for inspection of the hardware inside the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) vacuum vessel is required for the Deuterium-Tritium (DT) operation phase of the TFTR program. Three remotely controlled illuminators have been installed on the TFTR vacuum vessel to provide the required illumination. The illuminators are controlled from the TFTR control room. Two new thermoelectrically cooled integrating CCD camera systems are installed in the TFTR basement on existing periscopes. Improved performance of the integrating video cameras reduced the number of originally required illuminators from six to three. The two CCD cameras allow integration of video in excess of one minute without CCD dark current becoming significant. These cameras provide a much greater dynamic range than that provided by the standard video cameras which were previously used for inspection.
Ammonia and methane dairy emission plumes in the San Joaquin Valley of California from individual feedlot to regional scales

Agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions are highly uncertain, with high spatiotemporal variability and a lack of widespread in situ measurements. Regional NH3 emission estimates using mass balance or emission ratio approaches are uncertain due to variable NH3 sources and sinks as well as unknown plume correlations with other dairy source tracers. We characterize the spatial distributions of NH3 and methane (CH4) dairy plumes using in situ surface and airborne measurements in the Tulare dairy feedlot region of the San Joaquin Valley, California, during the NASA Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality 2013 field campaign. Surface NH3 and CH4 mixing ratios exhibit large variability with maxima localized downwind of individual dairy feedlots. The geometric mean NH3:CH4 enhancement ratio derived from surface measurements is 0.15 ± 0.03 ppmv ppmv–1. Individual dairy feedlots with spatially distinct NH3 and CH4 source pathways led to statistically significant correlations between NH3 and CH4 in 68% of the 69 downwind plumes sampled. At longer sampling distances, the NH3:CH4 enhancement ratio decreases 20–30%, suggesting the potential for NH3 deposition as a loss term for plumes within a few kilometers downwind of feedlots. Aircraft boundary layer transect measurements directly above surfacemore » mobile measurements in the dairy region show comparable gradients and geometric mean enhancement ratios within measurement uncertainties, even when including NH3 partitioning to submicron particles. Individual NH3 and CH4 plumes sampled at close proximity where losses are minimal are not necessarily correlated due to lack of mixing and distinct source pathways. As a result, our analyses have important implications for constraining NH3 sink and plume variability influences on regional NH3 emission estimates and for improving NH3 emission inventory spatial allocations.« less
ADVENTURES IN PSYCHOANALYTIC CONCEPTS AND TREATMENT

The odyssey in this book’s title refers to the reader’s journey through the book, from chapter to chapter, each of which discusses a psychoanalytic topic. Author Eugene J. Mahon holds consistently to the metaphor of Odysseus’s sea journey home from Troy, with “ports of call” and exciting “adventures” at each stop. And in fact the book relates many adventures in psychoanalysis at the ports of call portrayed in the various chapters. The reader of this book, and of this review, will become aware that Mahon’s theoretical orientation in psychoanalysis is “classical”—a poor term, but the one most conventionally used to designate the stream of development deriving directly from Freud’s structural theory, embodying the centrality of conflict and adhering to the technique and methodology of free association. The reader will search this book in vain for references to the many transiently popular proponents of radical change in psychoanalysis since the late 1960s. Though it is not Mahon’s intention, his book demonstrates that classical psychoanalysis is, and continues to be, a powerful orientation that promotes ongoing creative innovation in the field.
A REVIEW OF RATS v4.2: BENCHMARKING NUMERICAL ACCURACY

I have used RATS (Regression Analysis of Time Series; Doan, 1994) as my primary econometrics package for over ten years. In the early days it was extremely frustrating; it was user-hostile, easily accessible only to experienced programmers, the manual was often more confusing than helpful, and it was almost exclusively oriented toward time-series analysis. I persisted nonetheless because it was (and still is, to my knowledge) the only econometrics package which supports frequency domain analysis in more than a purely automatic fashion. The current version bears little resemblance to its predeceedssors: RATS is now user-friendly, well documented, and does much more than time series. However, RATS, like many econometrics packages, makes insufficient effort to assure the user that its results are accurate. Therefore this review will focus on the issue of whether RATS does produce accurate results. Typical software reviews, unfortunately, tend to focus on the transparent, i.e. the userinterface, to the complete exclusion of the latent, i.e. what the computer is actually doing, crunching numbers. This is rather surprising, since we should first inquire whether the program gives an accurate answer, and only then worry about how easy it is to get that answer. Unfortunately, almost all reviews of econometric software completely omit any reference to numerical accuracy, despite the existence of entire collections of benchmarks such as those proposed by Lachenbruck (1983) and Elliott, Reisch, and Campbell (1989). I surveyed three journals which regularly publish software reviews (International Journal of Forecasting, Economic Journal, and Journal of Applied Econometrics) for the years 1990-95. Of more than seventy reviews, only three mentioned numerical accuracy, and only one (Veall, 1991) actually employed a benchmark regression (he used the Lachenbruck tests). This general inattention to numerical accuracy may convey the impression that there are no such problems, when nothing could be farther from the truth: the statistical/econometric software has not been written which does not have numerical deficiencies.
Positron annihilation in syndiotactic polystyrene containing α and β crystalline forms

Abstract Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements were performed on a series of syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) samples crystallized from the melt state. These s-PS samples contained either pure α or β forms with various crystallinities. The α and β crystalline forms are known to have densities very similar to the amorphous phase. The low-density is believed to be associated with nanovoids or nanochannels, existing between the polymer chains in crystalline s-PS. A question can be raised whether positronium can form and annihilate in these low-density crystalline structures. In analyzing the PALS spectra, it was found that four distinct lifetime components gave the best fit for all studied samples. The longest lifetime component (τ 4 =2–3 ns ) exhibits thermal expansion behavior typical of amorphous polymers, while the second longest lifetime (τ 3 ∼0.8 ns ) is constant, independent of temperature, crystallinity and tacticity. For all semicrystalline and amorphous s-PS samples, the PALS spectra were found to be essentially indistinguishable, with remarkably similar lifetimes and intensities. This behavior implies that ortho-positronium can indeed form in the low-density crystal structures of s-PS. Two possibilities for ortho-positronium annihilation in the semicrystalline polymer were proposed and analyzed: (a) ortho-positronium annihilates in the crystal phase with a lifetime characteristic of the nanochannel dimensions; (b) ortho-positronium rapidly diffuses into the amorphous phase and annihilates with a lifetime typical of that phase. No evidence for the existence of a lifetime component characteristic of the crystal nanochannels was found, indicating that the second annihilation mechanism is dominant.