cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of Asthmatic Bronchoconstriction

T he major resistance airways of human subjects are innervated by at least three different types of autonomic nerves. The specific physiologic “advantage” to this homeostatic system for regulation of bronchomotor tone is uncertain; however, some degree of bronchomotor tone results from parasympathetic innervation in all normal individuals. Asthma differs from the normal bronchoconstrictor response in both the severity of bronchoconstriction and by the apparent failure of normal homeostatic dilator systems to reverse the constrictor response. Through a variety of exogenous or endogenous stimuli, bronchoconstriction, which may be life-threatening, can occur in minutes to hours. Bronchospasm may ultimately remit spontaneously, and some “remissions” may last for many years between attacks. However, in all individuals with asthma, some degree of “occult” bronchoconstriction is usually apparent at all times. Asthma is a disease of diverse etiology. In this context, the disease is more correctly regarded as a syndrome, with many different stimuli promoting the final common event-bronchoconstriction accompanied by: 1) airway smooth muscle contraction, 2) mucous hypersecretion, and 3) regional inflammation of major resistance airways. Table 1 outlines some of the factors which may contribute to asthmatic bronchoconstriction. Most investigators agree that mediator release is often an important component in human bronchospasm. However, the precise method by which mediator release promotes airway smooth muscle contraction is a subject of considerable controversy (see below). Environmental stimuli contribute in a variety of ways to bronchospasm in susceptible individuals. Respiratory irritants (such as ozone or sulfur dioxide) may exacerbate asthmatic bronchoconstriction. Viral infection may have a similar effect. Some asthmatic events are iatrogenic, resulting from beta-adrenergic blockade or ingestion of prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting drugs. In contrast to
Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition During the Development of Congestive Heart Failure Effects on Left Ventricular Dimensions and Function

Abstract—The development of congestive heart failure (CHF) is associated with left ventricle (LV) dilation and myocardial remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a significant role in...
Efficient excitation of polarization vortices in a photonic bandgap fiber with ultrashort laser pulses

We experimentally investigate the excitation of radially and azimuthally polarized modes in a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. With radially-polarized ultrashort pulses, we achieve 91% total transmission through the fiber, including coupling losses.
Weather Variability and Adaptive Management for Rangeland Restoration

T he Ecologically Based Invasive Plant Management (EBIPM) model for restoration planning is based on a conceptual framework for understanding successional dynamics and trajectories, but with speci c guidance and tools for practical implementation. 1 Weather variability impacts all aspects of the successional processes underlying the EBIPM model. 2 Recent reviews have discussed the interactions of weather and seedbed prep- aration treatments on site availability and seedbed microcli- mate. 2,3 In this paper we will discuss weather variability, and how local weather knowledge can be used in EBIPM plan- ning, interpretation of monitoring data, and development of adaptive management strategies for rangeland restoration. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i6_hardegree
Measuring Working Memory Capacity With Automated Complex Span Tasks

Individual differences in working memory capacity are related to a variety of behaviors both within and outside of the lab. Recently developed automated complex span tasks have contributed to increasing our knowledge concerning working memory capacity by making valid and reliable assessments freely available for use by researchers. Combining the samples from three testing locations yielded data from over 6,000 young adult participants who performed at least one of three such tasks (Operation, Symmetry, and Reading Span). Normative data are presented here for researchers interested in applying cutoffs for their own applications, and information on the validity and reliability of the tasks is also reported. In addition, the data were analyzed as a function of sex and college status. While automated complex span tasks are just one way to measure working memory capacity, the use of a standardized procedure for adminis- tration and scoring greatly facilitates comparison across studies.
Gulfstream - a system for dynamic topology management in multi-domain server farms

This paper describes GulfStream, a scalable distributed software system designed to address the problem of managing the network topology in a multi-domain server farm. In particular, it addresses the following core problems: topology discovery and verification, and failure detection. Un-like most topology discovery and failure detection systems which focus on the nodes in a cluster, GulfStream logically organizes the network adapters of the server farm into groups. Each group contains those adapters that can directly exchange messages. GulfStream dynamically establishes a hierarchy for reporting network topology and availability of network adapters. We describe a prototype implementation of GulfStream on a 55 node heterogeneous server farm interconnected using switched fast Ethernet.
Self Similar Behavior of Nonneutral Plasmas

The self-similar behavior of a single species charged gas which is described by the nonlinear equations of continuity and motion and Poisson's equation is ascertained. Analytical solutions are derived for two possible sources; a suddenly created time dependent source of charge at some point in space and a sudden creation of a time-dependent voltage at some point in space acting on a burst of charge.
Activity Deprivation Reduces Miniature IPSC Amplitude by Decreasing the Number of Postsynaptic GABAA Receptors Clustered at Neocortical Synapses

Maintaining the proper balance between excitation and inhibition is necessary to prevent cortical circuits from either falling silent or generating epileptiform activity. One mechanism through which cortical networks maintain this balance is through the activity-dependent regulation of inhibition, but whether this is achieved primarily through changes in synapse number or synaptic strength is not clear. Previously, we found that 2 d of activity deprivation increased the amplitude of miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) onto cultured visual cortical pyramidal neurons. Here we find that this same manipulation decreases the amplitude of mIPSCs. This occurs with no change in single-channel conductance but is accompanied by a reduction in the average number of channels open during the mIPSC peak and a reduction in the intensity of staining for GABA A receptors (GABA A Rs) at postsynaptic sites. In addition, the number of synaptic sites that express detectable levels of GABA A Rs was decreased by ∼50% after activity blockade, although there was no reduction in the total number of presynaptic contacts. These data suggest that activity deprivation reduces cortical inhibition by reducing both the number of GABA A Rs clustered at synaptic sites and the number of functional inhibitory synapses. Because excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents are regulated in opposite directions by activity blockade, these data suggest that the balance between excitation and inhibition is dynamically regulated by ongoing activity.
Development of information fusion model for layered sensing systems using computing with words

A layered sensing system involves different layers of sensors with different capabilities in one integrated system. This research focuses on the development of a model for information fusion level of a layered sensing system using computing with words. In this research effort, we have proposed the addition of a new processing level to the Joint Directors of Laboratories (JDL) Fusion Model. The new processing level was called “Information Assessment and Control (IAC)”. In this level, the different layers of a layered sensing system evaluates information about an evolving situation in terms of threat level. The information assessment and control level can exchange processed information among the layers of a layered sensing system in order to determine the overall situation threat level. The situation threat level assessment was carried out by using Computing With Words (CWW) methodology. Using this methodology, we have added a human-like cognitive element to the process of information assessment to accomplish better situation awareness. The developed system was implemented on a layer sensing system using ATR-TSU test-bed, which consists of an UAV, several cameras mounted on a building, and UGVs. Matlab and Software Development Kit were used for image processing and control of the sensors. The software development for the camera layer has been completed and tested on a security situation scenario. The testing results are reported in this paper.
Pulmonary artery sling

Pulmonary artery sling is an uncommon and potentially lethal vascular anomaly that can produce airway obstruction. Despite the availability of a corrective operation, the mortality rate remains very high (50 per cent of surgically treated children) due to the high incidence of associated obstructive anormaliies of the tracheobronchial tree. The survivors of corrective operation have done well symptomatically. However, when restudied, most have been found to have no pulmonary blood flow to the left lung. Successful treatment requires early recognition of the anomaly, adequate preoperative investigation for associated anormalies (especially those of the tracheobronchial tree), a technically perfect vascular reconstruction, and meticulous postoperative respiratory therapy.
Antithrombin III and plasminogen: a comparison of two synthetic substrate-based methods.

We have evaluated and compared the DuPont aca and the KABI/CentrifiChem synthetic substrate-based methods for the quantitation of plasma plasminogen (PLG) and antithrombin III(AT III). Method precision was evaluated using normal human pooled plasma (NHP) as sample. Within-day and day-to-day PLG assays generated a CV of 2.0% and 2.9%, respectively, for the aca method. For the KABI/CentrifiChem PLG method, within-run (within-rotor) analysis produced a CV of 1.7%, and day-to-day analysis produced a CV of 5.3%. The relationship between the aca (y axis) and the KABI/CentrifiChem (x axis) methods for PLG was found to be y = 0.99x - 1.4%, r = 0.979. Within-day precision for AT III by the aca method generated a CV of 4.6%, and day-to-day analysis produced a CV of 7.0%. The KABI/CentrifiChem AT III method generated a CV of 4.2% and 4.4% for within-run and day-to-day assays, respectively. The AT III correlation demonstrated a relationship of y = 0.84x + 15.2%, r = 0.952. The AT III and PLG reference ranges as established in our laboratory for healthy adults, pregnant women, and for cord blood specimens also are presented.
Switch-backs associated with generic drugs approved using product-specific determinations of therapeutic equivalence

Objective We sought to examine rates of clinical outcomes among patients before and after market introduction of generic versions of five drugs approved using product-specific equivalence determinations.
Different Ages Students Overweight Obesity Standards Comparison

Objective Compare 1985, 2000, height, body weight and BMI standards in screening for small and medium-sized students differences in incidence of overweight and obesity, provide a basis for selecting scientific evaluation criteria. Methods Zhucheng of shandong province with cluster sampling method 12 school aged between 6 and 15 years of primary and middle school students physical health in 2011 total of 28628 people nutrition assessment survey data, the calculation of three kinds of screening criteria of overweight, obesity detection rate. Result In 1985, 2000 standards, and BMI standard screening, according to the results of the boy overweight detection rates were 25.89%, 22.64% and 17.14%, obesity rate were 15.10%, 6.79% and 17.83%; Girl overweight detection rates were 14.62%, 15.46% and 9.6%, obesity rate were 14.24%, 7.28% and 12.06%. Conclusion 1985, 2000, there are some defects, height, weight and BMI standard realistic and forward-looking, use convenient, more intuitive.
Prediction of the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome based on GM(1,1)-GRNN model

Objective To establish an effective model for monitoring and predicting the incidence trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Zhejiang province. Methods HFRS data from 2001 to 2009 in Zhejiang province were used to establish the GM(1,1)-Generalized regression neural network[GM(1,1)-GRNN] model. The GM(1,1)-GRNN model was used to predict the incidence trend of HFRS of the years 2010 to 2011. Results The predicted HFRS incidence with the GM(1,1)-GRNN model for the years 2001 to 2010 closely followed the observe value of the same years, with a relative error of 2.47%, more precise than that of GM(1,1) (11.19%). The forecast values for 2011 was 0.8591 per 105 population. Conclusion The GM(1,1)-GRNN model is highly precise in the prediction of the incidence of HFRS. It provides reliable accurate predicative data, contributing to decision-making regarding the control and prevention of the disease.
Application of laser diffraction method in particle size determination for ion exchange resins

The optimal condition for particle size detection of ion exchange resins by laser diffraction method was determined,namely:single peak model,shading degree between 10% and 20%,wet sampling,and with no ultrasonic treatment.The measurement results were compared with that by GB/T 5758—2001 screening method,and showed that these two methods had no significant difference.This laser diffraction method has good measurement repeatability and precision,and can be applied to particle size analysis for ion exchange resins in power plant.
Screening, Creation and Utilization of Rice Resources with Salt-Tolerance

Based on the introduction of area, type and distribution of saline-alkali soil in China, advance on screening, creation and utilization of rice resources with salt-tolerance was summarized in this paper, to form a sure concept on the salt-tolerant rice breeding research.
Salvaging the Infected Breast Tissue Expander: A Standardized Multidisciplinary Approach.

Owing to favorable economic factors, improvements in implant design, and the widespread successful use of acellular dermal matrix, breast reconstruction with tissue expanders (TEs) and implants is becoming increasingly popular among breast cancer patients who have undergone mastectomy.1,2 The rate of breast reconstruction has increased steadily during the past several years; the American Society of Plastic Surgeons reported that more than 90,000 patients in the United States underwent breast reconstruction in 2013 alone.3 Of these patients, approximately 70,000 underwent breast reconstruction with a TE, whereas the remaining patients had autologous reconstructions. The advantages of TE-based breast reconstitutions include the potential for enhanced aesthetic outcomes and rapid postoperative recovery with minimal morbidity and functional limitation.4 Unfortunately, the rate of infection after breast TE reconstruction remains unacceptably high, ranging from 2.5% to 24%.5–9 During the past 10 years, our infection rate was approximately 12%. These infections are complex and severe, and patients whose TE infections do not respond to antibiotic treatment alone usually require further surgery and explantation of the device. We have estimated that at our institution, patients who developed an implant-based reconstructive breast infection required explanation of the TE in 50% of the occasions. The eventual loss of the TE is a significant complication that can delay further adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy and require a more complicated reconstruction in the future.10,11 The estimated medical and surgical costs of treating a patient who has an infected TE can surpass tens of thousands of dollars.12 In addition, rather than being cared for in an outpatient setting, to expedite care, patients with skin soft tissue inflammatory (SSTI) processes are commonly hospitalized, which further increases the costs. Therefore, to reduce the rate of TE removal, hospitalization, and overall costs at our institution, we created a standardized same-day multidisciplinary protocol for diagnosing and treating patients with early signs of TE infection. Herein, we describe the implementation of this protocol and our initial investigation of patient factors potentially associated with TE explantation.
Reconstruction Attacks Against Mobile-Based Continuous Authentication Systems in the Cloud

Continuous authentication for mobile devices using behavioral biometrics is being suggested to complement initial authentication for securing mobile devices, and the cloud services accessed through them. This area has been studied over the past few years, and low error rates were achieved; however, it was based on training and testing using support vector machine (SVM) and other non-privacy-preserving machine learning algorithms. To stress the importance of carefully designed privacy-preserving systems, we investigate the possibility of reconstructing gestures raw data from users’ authentication profiles or synthesized samples’ testing results. We propose two types of reconstruction attacks based on whether actual user samples are available to the adversary (as in SVM profiles) or not. We also propose two algorithms to reconstruct raw data: a numerical-based algorithm that is specific to one compromised system, and a randomization-based algorithm that can work against almost any compromised system. For our experiments, we selected one compromised and four attacked gesture-based continuous authentication systems from the recent literature. The experiments, performed using a public data set, showed that the attacks were feasible, with a median ranging from 80% to 100% against one attacked system using all types of attacks and algorithms, and a median ranging from 73% to 100% against all attacked systems using the randomization-based algorithm and the negative support vector attack. Finally, we analyze the results, and provide recommendations for building active authentication systems that could resist reconstruction attacks.
Urbanormativity and the spatial demography of suburbia: a response to Meyer and Graybill

In their recent article in Urban Geography on “The Suburban Bias of American Society?”, William Meyer and Jessica Graybill review a number of mechanisms that enable suburbs to have advantages over ...
An analysis of the joint compute-and-forward decoder for the binary-input two-way relay channel

We provide an information-theoretic analysis of reliable decoding of functions of transmitted signals for the class of binary-input discrete memoryless two-way relay channels. Two popular decoding paradigms for reliable physical layer network coding, decode-and-forward and compute-and-forward, are each suboptimal for the computation problem depending on the channel parameters. Adaptively using the better of these two schemes depending on the channel parameters provides the best known achievable information rates for reliable physical layer network coding. If the transmitting nodes use identical linear codes for encoding, recently, it has been empirically shown that the joint compute-and-forward decoder outperforms the compute-and-forward decoder. We show that the joint compute-and-forward decoder naturally achieves the best of decode-and-forward and compute-and-forward but cannot achieve any information rates higher than those provided by decode-and-forward and compute-and-forward when random cosets of an identical linear code are employed at the transmitters. The converse result is obtained by using the results of Bandemer, El Gamal and Kim on simultaneous non-unique decoding. Further, we show that when joint compute-and-forward decoding is used, the use of random cosets of an identical linear code at the two users does not cause any rate loss compared to choosing the codes independently for both users.
PENERAPAN APLIKASI SAP2000 PADA MATA KULIAH STRUKTUR BETON GEDUNG MELALUI METODE PELATIHAN PADA MAHASISWA PTSP FT UNM

Mata kuliah struktur beton gedung adalah salah satu bagian dari proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam melakukan perencanan struktur beton. Inovasi yang dilakukan dalam pembelajaran Struktur Beton Gedung adalah dengan menambahkan materi SAP 2000 melalui pelatihan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk : 1) mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan mahasiswa terhadap aplikasi SAP 2000 sebelum penerapan metode pelatihan; 2) Mengetahu tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan mahasiswa terhadap aplikasi SAP 2000 setelah penerapan metode pelatihan.dan 3) Mengetahui efektivitas penerapan metode pelatihan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan keteranpilan mahasiswa terhadap aplikasi SAP 2000 . Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret - Agustus 2015 bertempat di Jurusan PTSP FT UNM. Sedangkan objek pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang merupakan peserta mata kuliah struktur beton gedung pada semester ganjil 2014/2015. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 mahasiswa yang ditarik dengan metode sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sebelum dilakukan metode pelatihan, 100% mahasiswa tidak memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan aplikasi ini. Setelah diberikan pelatihan, jumlah mahasiswa yang memiliki pengetahuan tinggi menjadi 14 orang atau 70%. Berbeda halnya dengan skor keterampilan yang sebagian besar menunjukkan kategori rendah. Metode pelatihan yang diberikan kurang efektif. Hal ini berdasarkan bahwa N-Gage yang dicapai sebagian besar pada kategori sedang dan sebagian kecil yang menunjukkan kategori tinggi. Kata kunci : SAP 2000, pengetahuan, keterampilan.
Review: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors reduce MI and urgent revascularization but increase bleeding in PCI

Source Citation Brown DL, Fann CS, Chang CJ. Meta-analysis of effectiveness and safety of abciximab versus eptifibatide or tirofiban in percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2001 Mar 1;...
Innovative partnerships to advance public health training in community-based academic residency programs

Collaborative partnerships between community-based academic residency training programs and schools of public health, represent an innovative approach to training future physician leaders in population management and public health. In Kaiser Permanente Northern California, development of residency-Masters in Public Health (MPH) tracks in the Internal Medicine Residency and the Pediatrics Residency programs, with MPH graduate studies completed at the University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, enables physicians to integrate clinical training with formal education in epidemiology, biostatistics, health policy, and disease prevention. These residency-MPH programs draw on more than 50 years of clinical education, public health training, and health services research - creating an environment that sparks inquiry and added value by developing skills in patient-centered care through the lens of population-based outcomes.
“There’s nothing I hate more than a racist:” (Re)centering whiteness in American Horror Story: Coven

This article examines race and racism in the popular cable horror-drama American Horror Story: Coven. Centered around a feud between a white witch coven and a black, voodoo group of witches, Coven ...
Stent Angioplasty for Treatment of Intracranial Cerebrovascular Disease

Advances in the design and manufacturing of balloon and stent catheters made in the last decade have improved the operator’s ability to negotiate the tortuous anatomy of the high cervical and intracranial carotid and vertebral arteries (1, 2, 3). These technical developments have led to the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular pathologies previously considered unapproachable from a percutaneous approach. The ability to reach and treat intracranial stenotic lesions using miniature balloon-mounted microstents has provided a promising form of therapy for well-selected patients who have failed medical therapy and for those who are not candidates for surgical bypass grafting (4,5). Similarly, the availability of improved low-profile microstents has expanded the spectrum of intracranial aneurysms that are amenable to endovascular therapy to include the wide-necked and fusiform morphology (6,7).
Coexistence of Order–Disorder and Displacive Behavior of KH2PO4 and Analogs from Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

An early report by Muller et al. [Phys Rev Lett 36:1504 (1976)] on the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of slow (100 MHz-range) molecular dynamics in ferroelectric crystals has proven to be pioneering in the field of phase transitions. Subsequent studies over the last 30 years have extended this methodology and utilized it for unraveling microscopic mechanism(s) of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phase transitions, especially for the KH2PO4 (KDP) family. We here discuss these EPR as well as some related electron nuclear double resonance data, utilizing the conjecture that an anomaly in the isotropic part of the electron Zeeman tensor (g iso) or of hyperfine coupling, a iso, implies an electronic instability. It is concluded that the phase transitions of the KDP-family exhibit an order–disorder character as well as instability (displacive behavior). This is in conformity with recent high-resolution NMR data, but in contrast with the notion that these materials are model order–disorder systems.
Theory and Density Measurements of the Lipid Bilayer Phase Transition

In the preceding talk1 Dr. Sturtevant has given an introduction to lipid bilayer thermal phase transitions which have been shown to be fundamentally involved in biological function of membranes. I wish to continue discussing the main or upper transition which occurs at about 41.7°C in the bilayers formed from the lipid, dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL). My interest in this transition began during a visit to Yale in 1970 when I set myself the task of modeling the transition on a molecular level and doing some appropriate statistical mechanics.
Eu11Zn4Sn2As12: A Ferromagnetic Zintl Semiconductor with a Layered Structure Featuring Extended Zn4As6 Sheets and Ethane-like Sn2As6 Units

We report the synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of a new Zintl phase and structure type, Eu11Zn4Sn2As12. The structure and composition of this phase have been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. Eu11Zn4Sn2As12 crystallizes in monoclinic space group C2/c (No. 15) with the following lattice parameters: a = 7.5679(4) A, b = 13.0883(6) A, c = 31.305(2) A, and β = 94.8444(7)° [R1 = 0.0398; wR2 = 0.0633 (all data)]. The anisotropic structural features staggered ethane-like [Sn2As6]12– units and infinite ∞2[Zn2As3]5– sheets extended in the a–b plane. Eu cations fill the space between these anionic motifs. Temperature-dependent magnetic properties and magnetoresistance of this Zintl phase have been studied, and the electronic structure and chemical bonding were elucidated using first-principles quantum chemical calculations (TB-LMTO-ASA). Quantum chemical calculations show that the ethane-like units can be considered as consisting of covalent single bonds;...
Evaluation and treatment of female stress urinary incontinence after pelvic radiotherapy.

Introduction Pelvic radiotherapy is associated with both acute and chronic voiding dysfunction. A review of the success and complications of surgical treatments for female stress urinary incontinence after pelvic radiotherapy has not been summarized in the published literature. Methods A systematic review of female stress urinary incontinence after pelvic radiotherapy was conducted using MeSH terminology (1988-2018). Results There is limited published literature on the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women following pelvic radiotherapy. Long term indwelling urethral catheter should be avoided in all women given the risk of iatrogenic hypospadias. Surgical treatments can be classified into those for the intact versus failed outlet. Urethral bulking injections have been studied in a prospective fashion specifically in women with stress urinary incontinence after radiotherapy and although not randomized, have the highest level of evidence. Patients should be screened for a history of prior radiotherapy before considering sling placement. Artificial urinary sphincter is associated with a high rate of erosion after prior radiotherapy. The role of Burch colposuspension in patients with prior radiotherapy is poorly defined. Urinary diversion should be considered for patients with a devastated outlet. Conclusions Since the long-term effects of radiotherapy on lower urinary tract voiding function are typically irreversible and progressive, further research is needed to mitigate the adverse effects of irradiation and identify more durable treatment options for women with radiation induced bladder dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence.
The impact of water injection and exhaust gas recirculation on combustion and emissions in a heavy-duty compression ignition engine operated on diesel and gasoline:

Steady-state experiments were conducted on a 12.4L, six-cylinder heavy-duty engine to investigate the influence of port-injected water and dilution via exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion...
Primary angle-closure glaucoma with goniodysgenesis in a Beagle dog

Open angle glaucoma is the only type of primary glaucoma reported in Beagles. This case report describes a primary angle-closure glaucoma in a Beagle and its diagnostic and prognostic relevance. A 12-year-old, neutered male Beagle presented to the Michigan State University (MSU) Comparative Ophthalmology Service for evaluation of suspected visual impairment. Complete ophthalmic examination of the left eye (OS) revealed: blepharospasm, absent menace response, moderate episcleral congestion, mild diffuse corneal edema, mydriasis, asteroid hyalosis, decreased myelination and cupping of the optic nerve head, and mild retinal vascular attenuation. Examinations of the right eye (OD) were within normal limits. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) were 24 mmHg OD and 49 mmHg OS. Gonioscopy OD revealed a narrow iridocorneal angle with moderate pectinate ligament dysplasia characterized by broad-based pectinate ligament strands (fibrae latae) and solid sheets (laminae) throughout all 4 quadrants. DNA testing revealed that the dog did not carry the Gly661Arg ADAMTS10 mutation responsible for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in Beagles. The OS was medically managed with latanoprost 0.005% and dorzolamide HCl 2% /timolol malate 0.5% ophthalmic solutions for 7 months and then enucleated due to uncontrolled IOP. Histopathologic evaluation was consistent with goniodysgenesis with a broad, non-perforate, sheet-like band of uveal stroma bridging from the base of the iris to the terminal arborization of Descemet’s membrane. Approximately 14 months from the initial diagnosis of glaucoma OS, OD also developed glaucoma and was enucleated. Histopathologic findings were consistent with goniodysgenesis OD. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PACG with goniodysgenesis in a Beagle supported by clinical, genetic, and histopathologic data. It highlights the importance of gonioscopy in Beagles with glaucoma. Further studies with a larger number of dogs are warranted to characterize clinical manifestations and inheritance of PACG in this breed.
The Ethical Commonwealth in History: Peace-making as the Moral Vocation of Humanity

The 'ethical commonwealth', the central social element in Kant's account of religion, provides the church, as 'the moral people of God', with a role in establishing a cosmopolitan order of peace. This role functions within an interpretive realignment of Kant's critical project that articulates its central concern as anthropological: critically disciplined reason enables humanity to enact peacemaking as its moral vocation in history. Within this context, politics and religion are not peripheral elements in the critical project. They are, instead, complementary social modalities in which humanity enacts its moral vocation to bring lasting peace among all peoples.
Translating porn studies: lessons from the vernacular

Why compile a special issue of Porn Studies on South Asia? What, indeed, can be gained from looking at pornographic cultures and conventions through a regional lens? Does invoking South Asia in thi...
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the impacts of private policing within an urban area

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) provide essential jobs, goods and services contributing to social and economic stability within their neighbourhoods. Crime threatens the stability of SMEs...
Stage I DLBCL: extranodal may mean extra radiation.

In this issue of Blood, Bobillo et al present a retrospective analysis of outcomes in stage I diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients treated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) or R-CHOP–like regimens with or without radiation therapy (RT). While the overall outcome was excellent, patients with extranodal presentation had an inferior outcome compared with patients with nodal disease. Consolidation with RT improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with extranodal disease, mainly due to improved outcomes in positron emission tomography (PET)–positive patients at the end of immunochemotherapy.
Surveillance of patients with cirrhosis remains suboptimal in the United States.

Background & Aims Regular monitoring/surveillance for liver complications is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Recommendations from professional societies are available but adherence is not well studied, especially outside of academic centers. We aimed to determine the frequencies and factors associated with laboratory monitoring, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and esophageal varices (EV) surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Methods We identified 82,427 patients with cirrhosis (43,280 compensated and 39,147 decompensated) from the Truven Health MarketScan Research Database®, 2007–2016. We calculated the proportion of patients with cirrhosis with various frequencies of procedures/testing: laboratory (complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and prothrombin time), HCC and EV surveillance. We also used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with having procedures. Results The proportions of patients undergoing HCC surveillance (8.78%), laboratory testing (29.72%) at least every 6–12 months, or EV surveillance (10.6%) at least every 1–2 years were suboptimal. The majority did not have HCC (45.4%) or EV (80.3%) surveillance during the entire study period. On multivariable regression, age 41–55 (vs. Conclusions Despite modest improvements in more recent years, routine monitoring and surveillance for patients with cirrhosis is suboptimal. Further efforts including provider awareness, patient education, and system/incentive-based quality improvement measures are urgently needed. Lay summary Patients with cirrhosis should undergo health monitoring for liver complications to achieve early detection and treatment. In a large nationwide cohort of 82,427 patients with cirrhosis in the United States, we found a low rate of adherence (well less than half) to routine blood test monitoring and surveillance for liver cancer and esophageal varices (swollen blood vessels in the abdomen that could lead to fatal bleeding). Adherence has increased in the recent years, but much more improvement is needed.
Investigation of UV filaments and their applications

UV laser pulses at 266 nm with 170 ps duration and up to 300 mJ energy create UV filaments. The effects of different beam preparation scenarios on UV filamentation are discussed. Beam preparation by focusing in vacuum and launching into the atmosphere through an aerodynamic window establishes the existence of filaments as self-guided non-diffracting entities. In addition, focusing through the aerodynamic window converts the initial super-Gaussian into a parabolic beam profile at the edge of the nonlinear medium (air). The shock-wave generated by the UV filament is investigated via shadowgraphy techniques. The shock-wave is cylindrically symmetric, leaving a low density channel behind, which is well-sustained for 1 ms, as it propagates outward. This low density channel is a waveguide that can be used for guiding purposes. Applications of UV filaments including guiding, remote sensing, and drag reduction for supersonic aircrafts are discussed.
Biologic Interventions in Autoimmune Diseases

Biologic therapeutics are diverse and therefore hard to define as a group. Often they are molecules that occur naturally in humans or mimic such molecules in form or function. Biologic interventions are well-intended guesses but nevertheless based on our still imperfect understanding of complex and interlocking physiologic and pathologic mechanisms. They are aimed at specifically altering biologic processes presumed to contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diseases.
L'uomo che verrà: Horrorism and the Face of Italy

This paper examines Giorgio Diritti's 2009 film L'uomo che verra (The Man who Will Come) as the product of a post-national practice of commemoration by which the nation, whose death has been theorized by Gentile, Fogu, and others, is resuscitated from the ground up through the depiction of the massacre at Marzabotto. Drawing on Adriana Cavarero's notion of horrorism, it argues that the film's emphasis on the faces of its feminine victims and heroines exists in productive tension with its Christological overtones, eventually militating, ambivalently, for a feminine, and decidedly maternal, face of the nation.
Schizophyllum commune: New Mutations in the B Incompatibility Factor

Two new mutations in the B factor of Schizophyllum commune provide additional indications regarding control by the incompatibility factors of mating and sexual morphogenesis in this and other tetrapolar fungi.
Abstract 2723: Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein mimetics induce specific estrogen receptor confirmations and inhibit MCF7 breast cancer cell proliferation

The human Estrogen Receptor (hER) is present in 70% of breast cancers, and dysregulation of hER signaling can lead to aberrant cell growth and proliferation. Known anti-estrogens used in treatments of breast cancer today, tamoxifen and raloxifene cause hER to undergo conformational changes and inhibit normal hER signaling by directly binding to the ligand binding pocket. However, often breast cancer cells become resistant to tamoxifen, and prolonged tamoxifen treatment can lead to endometrial cancers. Breast Cancer Type 1 Susceptibility protein (BRCA1) is a well characterized inhibitor of breast cancer cell growth. BRCA1 plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability through various DNA repair mechanisms. It is mutated in approximately 50% of breast cancer cases that are associated with heredity. While the majority of breast cancer cases are “sporadic” or unassociated with heredity, BRCA1 is expressed 30 to 40 % less in sporadic breast cancers. BRCA1 has also been shown to associate directly with hER, and inhibit transactivation of hER. This association and inhibition of hER transcriptional activity is reversed by cyclin D1. This, in conjunction with studies that have shown that cyclin D1 gene and protein levels are amplified and overexpressed respectively in breast cancers suggest that the normal regulation of hER by BRCA1 and cyclin D1 may be shifted in breast cancers to primarily regulation (activation) by cyclin D1 and other coactivators. A decrease in BRCA1 is associated with acquired tamoxifen resistance, suggesting that BRCA1 may play a critical role in maintaining breast cancer cells sensitivity to tamoxifen. The hER binding region of BRCA1 contains the known corepressor binding motif LXXIIXXXL (amino acids 78-95). Here we present a study of several small molecules identified based on pharmacophoric features of previously found conformation sensing BRCA1 peptides. BRCA1 mimetics induce unique ER conformations and inhibit breast cancer cell growth (MCF7). Further development of these compounds could lead to viable alternative breast cancer treatments as well as supplemental treatments in the anti-estrogen resistant cases. Acknowledgements: This research was supported via funds from the New York State, National Institutes of Health (5P20MD002725), through the NCMHD -RIMI program (RVR) and NSF LSAMP Bridge to Doctorate grant (BKA). Citation Format: Bethany Kristen Asare, Christ Ange Katche, Rajendram V. Rajnarayanan. Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein mimetics induce specific estrogen receptor confirmations and inhibit MCF7 breast cancer cell proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2723. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2723
Adenine Nucleotide Transport in Submitochondrial Particles and Reconstituted Vesicles Derived from Bovine Heart Mitochondria

Abstract Uptake of ATP by submitochondrial particles from bovine heart was stimulated 15-fold by internal ADP. The transport was inhibited by atractyloside and bongkrekic acid. Vesicles prepared with soybean phospholipids and a protein fraction from mitochondria also catalyzed the ADP-dependent and inhibitor-sensitive uptake of ATP. This reconstituted system provides a suitable assay for the purification of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide carrier.
Temporal Moments for Longitudinal Dispersion

Aris’ moment transformation was used to convert the advective-diffusion equation for two-dimensional (longitudinal and transverse) open channel flow into temporal moment equations. The equation for the zeroth temporal moment of the concentration distribution includes the initial concentration distribution which is a Dirac delta function for instantaneous injections. This equation can be solved analytically for some specific velocity distributions but cannot be solved numerically because of the δ\N function. Using an implicit finite difference scheme, numerical solutions for both spatial and temporal moments were obtained for plane and centered line source initial conditions and for three velocity distributions. The results were used to examine the relationship between the special and temporal moments during both the initial period and the dispersive period.
Enhanced ACh sensitivity is accompanied by changes in ACh receptor channel properties and segregation of ACh receptor subtypes on sympathetic neurons during innervation in vivo

Although presynaptic input can influence the number and distribution of ACh receptors (AChRs) on muscle, the role of cellular interactions in the development of transmitter sensitivity in neurons is less clear. To determine whether presynaptic input modifies neuronal AChR channel function and distribution, we must first ascertain the profile of changes in receptor properties relative to the timing of synapse formation. We have examined the temporal aspects of synaptogenesis in the lumbar sympathetic ganglia of the embryonic chick in anatomical experiments with anterograde 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′- tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate labeling of presynaptic inputs and cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. Biophysical studies of sympathetic neurons, within hours of removal from animals at different stages relative to synapse formation, show that both the properties and distribution of AChR channels are modified concurrent with a significant increase in presynaptic input to the neurons. The most striking change in AChR channel distribution is revealed by patching multiple sites on the surface of individual neurons. Following innervation in vivo, many neurons express only one of the four AChR channel subtypes and the AChRs are clustered in discrete, high-activity patches. Furthermore, when neurons at this stage express more than one AChR channel subtype, the different classes are often spatially segregated from one another on the cell surface. This contrasts with patches from neurons removed earlier on, which have lower overall activity, often comprised of multiple channel subtypes. Comparison of the AChR properties of acutely dispersed neurons to those of neurons maintained in vitro indicates that most features of AChR channels are conserved despite their removal from presynaptic and other in vivo influences. These findings are consistent with inductive interactions between pre- and postsynaptic neurons playing an important regulatory role in transmitter receptor expression.
On the physics and modeling of small semiconductor devices—II: The very small device

Abstract In a previous paper, we attempted to lay a conceptual framework for an ultimate physics of small semiconductor devices and concentrated on the medium small device. Here we treat the very small device (VSD), characterized by an effective channel length of 250 A. We demonstrate how such a device could conceivably be fabricated using two side processing of the wafer. In treating the transport, however, it is found that the time and distance scales are such that the Boltzmann transport equation is completely invalidated. Here we develop the appropriate quantum transport equations based upon the density matrix for the entire system, device plus boundaries plus environment. It is found that the boundaries and environment can lead to renormalization of the energy spectrum as well as long range dissipative interactions. Two special cases of the transport equations are treated. If the transport is dominantly stochastic, an exact Langevin equation is found for the various transport parameters. In a second case, a parameterized density matrix is used in analogy to the displaced Maxwellian. In this latter case, a hierarchy of moment equations can be developed to yield, e.g. energy and momentum balance equations.
National Survey of Neonatal Transfusion Practices: II. Blood Component Therapy

Neonatal transfusion practices during 1989 of 452 institutions involved in transfusing infants were surveyed by questionnaire. Most respondents (77%) transfused fresh frozen plasma appropriately (ie, primarily to treat coagulation disorders). However, 11% stated that their most frequent use of fresh frozen plasma was solely to treat hypovolemia, a practice generally not recommended. Seventy-eight percent of respondents transfused platelets to treat bleeding infants with blood platelet counts of less than 50 x 10(9)/L; 84% gave platelets to sick, premature neonates with counts of less than 50 x 10(9)/L whether or not bleeding was evident. Only 35% of respondents transfused granulocytes for neonatal sepsis; most institutions used buffy coats isolated from units of blood--a product readily available, but of questionable efficacy when compared with leukapheresis granulocytes. Ninety-three percent of respondents provided blood components with low risk of transmitting cytomegalovirus: components from seronegative donors were used by 84%, leukocyte-reduced products by 6%, and a combination by 10%. Thirteen percent of respondents gave gamma-irradiated blood components to all and 46% gave them to some neonates to prevent graft vs host disease. Forty-one percent did not routinely irradiate. Ten percent of respondents used leukocyte reduction instead of gamma irradiation to prevent graft vs host disease, a practice currently not advocated. Thus, national transfusion practices for neonates are variable, controversial, and, occasionally, other than those usually recommended. Additional research and educational efforts are needed to ensure optimal transfusion therapy.