cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid regulation of two serine hydrolases in rat splenic lymphocytes in vitro

Abstract A quantitative assay employing binding of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate ([3H]DFP) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to measure serine hydrolases in cell-free extracts from rat splenic lymphocytes. After labeling with [3H]DFP at pH 7, six major serine hydrolases are detected on 10% gels, having molecular weights of 78, 55, 34, 30, 28 and 17 (· 10−3). When labeled at pH 4, only four activities are measured, with Mr or 79, 55, 33 and 17 (· 10−3). Incubation of splenic lymphocytes for 8 h in vitro with 1 μM dexamethasone followed by [3H]DFP labeling at pH 7 produces a 91% increase in the 17000 [3H]DFP. Hormone treatment for 8 h with subsequent labeling at pH 4 results in a 15% increase in the largest (78000) species, as well as 73% increase in the 17000 enzyme, compared with lysates from cells incubated without steroid. These effects are not observed after only 4 h of glucocorticoid exposure. Dexamethasone treatment for 8 h does not produce a decrease in any of these serine hydrolases, nor is there an apparent induction of new enzymes (i.e., having a molecular weight different from the preexisting species). Studies examining the effect of protease inhibitors on the [3H]DFP capacity of these proteins, show that the 17000 enzyme is sensitive to the protease inhibitor, pepstatin A, as well as the sulfhydryl reagents dithiothreitol and N-ethylmaleimide. These result suggest that this dexamethasone-responsive enzyme is a protease which requires a free thiol group for optimal activity. These findings are discussed with regard to the mechanism of glucocorticoid action in lymphocytes.
Many Factors Affecting the Quality of Bowel Preparation Need to be Discussed When Comparing Different Regimes

Many Factors Affecting the Quality of Bowel Preparation Need to be Discussed When Comparing Different Regimes
Malignant hyperthermia involving the administration of desflurane.

Purpose This report describes an episode of malignant hyperthermia (MH) in a ten year old boy receiving desflurane anaesthesia.
Special address to the Midwest Surgical Association on surgical outcome analysis and patient safety

r r a s m w t he problems associated with the current health care system re overwhelming. Much of the debate today is about the ost and the quality of care. Societal issues, such as the ninsured, stakeholder concerns, the workforce shortage, nd the liability crisis, which now affects more than 20 tates, all are culminating in major access problems. So what we are seeing right now, and it actually is very xciting, is a redesign of the health care system. It is hapening on our watch. Efforts to reform the health care ystem are going to center on a number of issues. Although y focus here is really more on patient safety and error eduction, we have to be absolutely aware of waste in the ystem and the effects of advanced technology.
Darwin's Monsters and the Politics of Race in Eugenio Cambaceres's En la sangre (1887)

During the latter half of the nineteenth century in Argentina, Sarmientan liberal ideology adopted scientific discourse, particularly Darwinism, within its “civilizing” nation-building program. Liberals also encouraged European immigration as part of their war against the “barbarous” elements of the nation. Eugenio Cambaceres's last novel, En la sangre (1887), invokes Darwinian biological discourse—the tool of Sarmientan ideology—to critique this liberal immigration policy. The narrative grounds itself in Darwinian discourse and its popular permutations, and consequently, the novel's virile and vicious protagonist, a second-generation Italian immigrant to Buenos Aires, illustrates how the extinction of the creole community may be an unintended consequence of such massive immigration. Throughout En la sangre, Cambaceres marginalizes social difference through scientific discourse and suggests that the liberal immigration program may trigger apocalyptic biological mutations. Articulating creole fears of soci...
Nucleation of ordered particles at dislocations and formation of split patterns

Abstract We investigated the effect of nucleation of ordered precipitates at dislocations and the subsequent growth of particle morphology through computer simulations using a phase-field model. The model treats simultaneously precipitates, dislocations and precipitate–dislocation interactions within a single algorithm. In particular, the model takes into account the structural discontinuity associated with a dislocation that leads to the formation of antiphase domains if the dislocation is within an ordered particle. Three long-range order parameters are used to describe the antiphase domains associated with L12 ordering and an additional set of non-conserved order parameters is introduced to characterize dislocations. We show that heterogeneous nucleation and subsequent growth of ordered precipitates at dislocations yield various “split” patterns, whose formation has been attributed to different mechanisms in literature.
N-nitrosation and N-nitration of morpholine by nitrogen dioxide: Inhibition by ascorbate, glutathione and α-tocopherol

Ascorbate anion and glutathione were found to inhibit the aqueous reaction between nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and morpholine (MOR) and thereby prevented the formation of N-nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) and N-nitromorpholine (NTMOR) at both pH 7.4 and 12.5. These antioxidants are approximately 3 orders of magnitude more reactive towards NO2 than is MOR and may play an important role in the prevention of carcinogen formation in the lung due to inhaled NO2. Ammonium sulfamate was ineffective at preventing nitrosation or nitration by NO2 at either pH 7.4 or 12.5.
Comparative demography and population dynamics of two coexisting copepods in a Venezuelan floodplain lake

I used an inverse matrix projection model to estimate vital rates (growth, survival, and reproduction) for two coexisting copepod spccics in a Venczuclan floodplain lake as a first step in identifying the ultimate environmental factors that determine distribution and abundance of a species. Zooplankton were sampled four times a week from June through December 1984, and the resulting abundance data were used together with the estimation technique to extract time series of vital rates over a 6-month period. There were marked temporal differences in population maxima of each species. Abundance of Diaptomus negrensis fluctuated with changes in recruitment and mortality of stages NV, NVI, CTII, and CIV. Peak abundance of Il. negrensis coincided with a peak in the abundance of the invertebrate predator Chaoborus sp. In contrast, population size of Oithona amazonica was unrclatcd to recruitment but directly related to survival of the youngest copepoditc stages, which was poor until October when abundance of Chaoborus declined. These demographic analysts target the stages most susceptible to environmental (selection) pressures, providing a basis for understanding the evolution of lift-history strategies, and suggest the hypothesis (as yet untested) that prolonged cocxistencc is facilitated between spccics whose abundance is dctermincd by different demographic (and thus environmental) factors.
The N Plate Problem of Plate Tectonics

Summary Plate tectonics theory is used to develop a least squares method for finding all the relative motions of any n interacting plates simultaneously. The method ensures internal consistency of results and allows full use to be made of data on relative movement of plates. The least squares fitting criteria are chosen to avoid ambiguity. Relative motions of eight major plates of the world are calculated in preliminary form, and regional and global rates of creation and destruction of lithosphere are derived from these motions.
Glycosoaminoglycans in nasal polyps.

Conclusion The qualitative and quantitative compositions of GAGs were comparable in all the polyps examined. Objective Glycosoaminoglycans (GAGs) are an integral component of proteoglycans, which are constituents of connective tissue. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of GAGs occurring in proteoglycans determine their biological role. In this work, individual fractions of GAGs occurring in nasal polyps were isolated and estimated. Material and methods Polyps were obtained over a 2-year period from 31 patients (18 males, 13 females; age range 28–70 years) who underwent polypectomy and evaluated using routine histopathology. Results The amount of hyaluronic acid in nasal polyps was high, the amounts of dermatane sulphate and chondroitine-6-sulphate were slightly lower and the amounts of chondroitine-4-sulphate, heparin, heparan sulphate and keratan sulphate were the lowest.
Clock generation for a 32nm server processor with scalable cores

Within a given power envelope, the performance of a multi-core enterprise processor is greatly affected by inter-core (including I/O) data throughput and data transport latency. This paper presents the implementation of a clock system targeting low-power low-skew high-data throughput and low latency for a next-generation Xeon® server processor [1,2] with scalable cores in a 32nm 9-metal digital CMOS process.
A Study of Curie Temperatures and the Effect of Carbon in Face‐Centered Cubic Iron–Nickel Alloys

The direct determination of Curie temperatures (θc) in metastable f.c.c. iron-nickel solid solutions can be thwarted by a martensitic transformation. However, at the lower nickel contents, interstitially dissolved carbon which inhibits this phase transformation, fortuitously increases the propensity for ferromagnetism. An experimental scheme has been constructed for the determination of virtual Curie temperatures (θNi) down to 0 °K in these alloys. θc was determined (using a simple torque magnetometer) at various dissolved carbon levels for a given substitutional percent nickel; linear extrapolation to zero carbon was possible in each case. Derived results include: a linear variation, θ vs. nickel content, intercepting for 0 °K at ≈ 25 at% Ni; an approximately constant local effect of dissolved carbon, calculated for constant volume, from the observed dθc/dC, and known variations in these Invar-type alloys; and the construct of ferromagnetic f.c.c. alloys at nickel contents as low as 22.6%.
FATE OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS IN MARINE ZOOPLANKTON

ABSTRACT Several groups of zooplankton from the coasts of California, British Columbia, and in the Arctic, including copepods, euphausiids, amphipods, crab zoea, ctenophores, and jellyfish rapidly took up 3H-benzpyrene, 14C-benzpyrene, 3H-methylcholanthrene, and 14Cnaphthalene from seawater solution. These hydrocarbons were metabolized to various hydroxylated and more polar metabolites by crustaceans but not by ctenophores or jellyfish. Up to 22 × 0−4 µg of benzpyrene was ingested by the temperate water copepod Calanus plumchrus, and transfer of this copepod to fresh seawater resulted in the discharge of most benzpyrene with less than 1 × 10−5 µg remaining after 17 days. When depuration was continued beyond 17 days, no further hydrocarbon loss was observed. Calanus hyperboreus from the Arctic took up to 11 × 10−4 µg of 3H-benzpyrene and a 28-day depuration experiment still showed the presence of benzpyrene in the copepod although again less than 1 × 10−5 µg.
Parabolic pulse generation in gain-guided optical fibers with nonlinearity

We explore the combined effects of nonlinearity and gain-guidance on the propagation and amplification of high power parabolic pulses within fibers. By choosing a suitable gain coefficient, group-velocity dispersion profile, and fiber size one can increase output power and reduce the time-bandwidth product of pulses.
Treatment of acoustic fluid-structure interaction by localized Lagrange multipliers: Formulation

A new concept is presented for modeling the dynamic interaction between an acoustic fluid and an elastic structure. The coupling of this multiphysics system is done by inserting a kinematic interface frame between the fluid and the structure, and using node-collocated Lagrange multipliers to connect the frame to each subsystem. The time-domain response analysis is performed by a partitioned analysis procedure. The main advantages of this localized Lagrange multiplier (LLM) primal-dual coupling method are: complete localization of the structure and fluid subsystems, elimination of the conventional predictor in the partitioned time integration method, and the ability to accommodate non-matching meshes. The standard Newmark time integrator is used on both the fluid and structure models. It is shown that if the integrator is A-stable and second-order accurate for a monolithic treatment, it retains those properties for both Mortar and LLM partitioned solution procedures. Infinite and finite piston problems are used to explain and verify the methodology. A sequel paper under preparation presents and discusses a set of benchmark and application examples that involve the response of existing dams to seismic excitation.
Micropumping of liquid by directional growth and selective venting of gas bubbles

We introduce a new mechanism to pump liquid in microchannels based on the directional growth and displacement of gas bubbles in conjunction with the non-directional and selective removal of the bubbles. A majority of the existing bubble-driven micropumps employs boiling despite the unfavorable scaling of energy consumption for miniaturization because the vapor bubbles can be easily removed by condensation. Other gas generation methods are rarely suitable for micropumping applications because it is difficult to remove the gas bubbles promptly from a pump loop. In order to eradicate this limitation, the rapid removal of insoluble gas bubbles without liquid leakage is achieved with hydrophobic nanopores, allowing the use of virtually any kind of bubbles. In this paper, electrolysis and gas injection are demonstrated as two distinctively different gas sources. The proposed mechanism is first proved by circulating water in a looped microchannel. Using H2 and O2 gas bubbles continuously generated by electrolysis, a prototype device with a looped channel shows a volumetric flow rate of 4.5–13.5 nL s−1 with a direct current (DC) power input of 2–85 mW. A similar device with an open-ended microchannel gives a maximum flow rate of ∼65 nL s−1 and a maximum pressure head of ∼195 Pa with 14 mW input. The electrolytic-bubble-driven micropump operates with a 10–100 times higher power efficiency than its thermal-bubble-driven counterparts and exhibits better controllability. The pumping mechanism is then implemented by injecting nitrogen gas bubbles to demonstrate the flexibility of bubble sources, which would allow one to choose them for specific needs (e.g., energy efficiency, thermal sensitivity, biocompatibility, and adjustable flow rate), making the proposed mechanism attractive for many applications including micro total analysis systems (μTAS) and micro fuel cells.
Filler reinforcement of silicone rubber

Modulus and swelling measurements were made on silicone rubber samples compounded with five different fillers. The data were at variance with the predictions of the theory of modulus reinforcement by Weiss, Rehner, Smallwood, and Guth. The results, when analyzed using a modification of the kinetic theory of elasticity proposed by the author, indicate that the increase in modulus and decrease in swelling are due primarily to polymer-filler attachments. The areas per attachment were found to be of the order of a few square angstroms and to vary with the filler. With some fillers the same area values were obtained from modulus and swelling measurements. With others, the swelling liquid apparently displaces polymer from the filler surfaces.
Pediatric dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: multi-institutional outcomes.

Background Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) in children is uncommon. Methods Retrospective review of patients ≤ 18 y with histopathologic diagnosis of DFSP from 1980–2010 treated at one of two tertiary referral centers. Results Fifteen patients were treated for pathologically-confirmed DFSP (mean ± SE age 11.9 ± 1.3 y). There was a female preponderance: 12 females, 3 males. Follow-up was available in all patients over a median 5.8 y (range 0.2–20.1 y). Patients presented with subcutaneous nodule (n = 4), cutaneous plaque (n = 3), or red papule (n = 3); the description of the lesion was not available for five patients. Abdominal wall, lower extremity, and scalp were the most frequent sites involved (n = 4 each). Median time from onset of the lesion to pathologic diagnosis was 182 d (range 5–1, 114 d). All 15 patients underwent initial excisional biopsy, and the diagnosis of DFSP was made in 14. Thirteen patients then underwent re-excision (within a mean ± SE 20.4 ± 4.1 d) with negative margins. None of these patients had a recurrence. There were two recurrences: one with positive margins on excisional biopsy who did not have immediate re-excision; the other with a misdiagnosis on excisional biopsy. Both underwent re-excision with negative margins and have not had any further recurrence. No patients received adjuvant therapy. There were no disease-related deaths. Conclusions DFSP is a rare pediatric malignancy. Its presentation is variable, delaying diagnosis, which is made with excisional biopsy. Excision with clear margins is critical for cure.
Mayo Post Acute Care Program and Care Continuum

The Mayo Post Acute Care Program highlights the opportunity for healthcare organizations to establish high quality post acute care pathways to match the demands in acute care hospitals. Key elements of the program include teamwork, staff empowerment, collaboration across care settings, and development of new pathways outside the hospital. The program eliminates the notion of discharge, and promotes high-quality programs, transitional and ventilator care as patients are most vulnerable as they transition from one setting to the next. Team centric processes, establishing key metrics, reliably implementing evidence based care are all important strategies for optimizing care across the continuum. There are also significant opportunities to apply improvement methods to maximize compliance of evidence based care in the ambulatory care setting as well which could have significant positive impact on reducing flow into the hospital.
Involvement of dietary nucleotides in T lymphocyte function

The effect of diet on immune response and tumor growth has become an area of interest in recent years. For sometime, malnutrition has been recognized as a contributory factor to depressed immune response. T lymphocyte function is severely impaired in a state of protein-calorie malnutrition (1–3). However, cell mediated immunity can be restored by improved nutritional repletion(2–3). The effect of dietary nucleotides on immune function has not been well studied. It has been suggested that rapidly proliferating tissues, particularly lymphoid cells and the intestinal epithelium require purine and pyrimidine compounds supplied by either dietary sources or by the liver (4). Differential metabolism of purine and pyrimidine exists in T and B lymphocytes (5–8). These metabolic differences between lymphocyte populations have important clinical consequences. Severe impairment of cellular and humoral immunity in adenosine deaminase deficiency patients and defective T cell function with purine nucleoside Phosphorylase deficiency is well established (9–10). In the clinical setting of renal transplantation, intravenous hyperalimentation(IVH) has been used to support previously well-nourished patients who develop a systemic illness which precludes adequate oral intake. The serendipitous finding that total nutritional support with hypertonic dextrose and amino acid solutions was frequently associated with amelioration of clinical rejection suggested that IVH may enhance the immunosuppression due to azathioprine therapy necessary for survival of the kidney grafts, despite marked reduction in the doses of azathioprine. Association of recurrent rejection with resumption of regular diet implied that constituents of the normal diet are necessary for restoring normal immune response.
Comparative reactivity of isolated surviving coronary arteries to l-epinephrine and l-norepinephrine.

Summary1. l-norepinephrine and l-epinephrine produce vasodilation of the isolated surviving coronary arteries of swine.2. 1-norepinephrine produces about 2^4 times the degree of vasodilation produced by l-epinephrine in the same artery in the same dose. This difference exceeds the anticipated difference attributable to differing molecular weights.
Resource partitioning in five sympatric species of Scatella (Diptera:Ephydridae)

Information on resource partitioning. particularly concerning habitat utilization and trophic behavior, is presented for five species of Scatella found in northeastern Ohio. Habitat occurrence data suggest that three of these species, S. favillacea, S. obsoleta , and S. quadrinotata , exhibit distinct preferences for particular habitat types. Laboratory feeding studies using algal monocultures. as well as gut analyses of insects collected in the field, show that species of Scatella differentially use specific algal taxa. From field and laboratory studies it is evident that partitioning of spatial and trophic resources is a factor in the coexistence of these species of Scatella .
Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Coatings with Aligned Crystal Domains

Carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings were formed on seeded titanium substrates by hydrothermal crystallization in the presence of urea. Decomposition of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide under hydro...
Antinomies of risk reduction: climate change and the contradictions of coastal restoration

This paper engages sociological research on the political economy of the environment to decipher the contradictions and crisis tendencies associated with coastal restoration, using a case study of southern Louisiana. The paper explores the antinomies or contradictions of risk reduction measures (e.g., coastal restoration) in an extractive economy dominated by oil and gas production. Drawing on long-term ethnographic field observations and content analysis of planning documents and government reports, the paper highlights the socially constructed dimensions of risk ‘reduction’ and hurricane ‘protection’, the political–economic dynamics of climate change risk, and the challenges of risk governance. My basic finding is that the coastal restoration process is intensifying rather than alleviating risks associated with coastal erosion and climate change-driven sea level rise. As I point out, coastal restoration takes place on an aggressively contested institutional and ecological landscape in which newly emerge...
Environmental Pollution: A Human Rights Perspective

National constitutions throughout the world contain enumerated rights and freedoms for individuals residing within the state’s territory or subject to its jurisdiction. In the twentieth century, the international community increasingly recognized that such constitutional guarantees sometimes prove inadequate or even illusory when military coups, armed conflicts, or repressive governments disrupt or deliberately ignore the rule of law, including constitutional limits on the exercise of power. Responding to this awareness, international and regional organizations created or reformed after the Second World War recognized that human rights must be considered a matter of international concern if individuals and groups are to be ensured their fundamental rights and freedoms. With the leadership of a group of states and strong advocacy from civil society groups, intergovernmental organizations began elaborating the international law of human rights.
Emissive 5-Substituted Uridine Analogues

Chemical biology and medicinal chemistry applications require new nucleoside analogues with well-defined photophysical properties in order to visualize, monitor, and advance the understanding of nucleic acids. To impart favorable photophysical properties upon the native nucleosides and decipher structure–property relationships, robust and flexible synthetic procedures are required. Modification at the 5-position of uridine likely comprises the largest number of chemical variations investigated to enhance and tune the photophysical properties of this practically non-emissive nucleoside. The chapter discusses the design, synthesis, and characterization of diverse emissive uridine analogues.
Control of Human Preneoplasia with Retinoids and Other Compounds

The understanding of carcinogenesis and early transformation events in human cancer is limited. Basic laboratory studies in animals suggests that the process of carcinogenesis can be divided into three distinct phases: initiation, promotion, and progression. Surprisingly, limited data suggests that the mechanisms involved in progression may be similar to those accompanying initiation and their control and modulation may be similar. However, we do not know whether progression is analogous to the process by which precancer in humans develops to cancer, but at a heuristic level the assumption seems reasonable. Compared to our understanding of the biologic properties of fully established cancers, the essential features of precancers have been remarkably little studied. The general accessibility of these lesions suggests that detailed investigation of their properties should be possible. An approach to a study of precancers in humans will be presented and the results of biologic and chemical trials updated for cervical dysplasia, oral leukoplakia,cutaneous precancers (dysplastic nevi, actinic keratoses, keratoacanthomas), Barrett’s esophagus, and colon polyps.
Stability of interval two-variable polynomials and quasipolynomials via positivity

Stability of two–dimensional polynomials arises in fields as diverse as 2D digital signal and image processing ([11], [7], [18]), time–delay systems [14], repettitive, or multipass, processes [24], and target tracking in radar systems. For this reason, there have been a large number of stability criteria for 2D polynomials, which have been surveyed and discussed in a number of papers ([13], [22], [9], [4], [5], [21]). In achieving the maximal efficiency of 2D stability tests, the reduction of algebraic complexity offered by the stability criteria in [26] has been useful. Apart from some minor conditions, the criteria convert stability testing of a 2D polynomial to testing of only two 1D polynomials, one for stability and the other for positivity. Due to inherent uncertainty of the underlying models, it has been long recognized that in practical applications it is necessary to test robustness of stability to parametric variations [27]. Almost exclusively, the 2D robust stability tests have been based on the elegant Kharitonov solution of the stability problem involving 1D interval polynomials ([6], [2], [23], [16], [31]). In the context of 2D polynomials, the solution lost much of its simplicity resulting in numerically involved algorithms. This fact made the testing of 2D polynomials with interval parameters difficult, especially in the case of multiaffine and polynomic uncertainty structures. The purpose of this paper is to present new criteria for testing stability of 2D polynomials with interval parameters, which are based on the criteria of [26] and the positivity approach to the interval parametric uncertainties advanced in [29]. An appealing feature of the new criteria is the possibility of using the efficient Bernstein minimization algorithms ([19], [8]) to carry out the numerical part of the positivity tests. Furthermore, the proposed formulation can handle the polynomic uncertainty structures having interval parameters, and can be easily extended to systems with time–delays along the lines of [14].
A Bit-Scaling Algorithm for Integer Feasibility in UTVPI Constraints

In this paper, we discuss a new model-generating algorithm for integer feasibility in a system of Unit Two Variable Per Inequality (UTVPI) constraints (IF). Recall that a UTVPI constraint is a linear constraint of the form: \(a\cdot x+b \cdot y \le c\), where \(a, b \in \{0,1,-1\}\) and \(c \in \mathbb {Z}\). These constraints arise in a number of application domains including but not limited to program verification (array bounds checking and abstract interpretation), operations research (packing and covering) and logic programming. Over the years, several algorithms have been proposed for the IF problem. Most of these algorithms are based on two inference rules, viz. the transitive rule and the tightening rule. None of these algorithms are bit-scaling, i.e., the running times of these algorithms are parameterized only by the number of variables and the number of constraints in the UTVPI system. We introduce a novel algorithm for the IF problem, which is based on a collection of new insights. These insights areused to design a new bit-scaling algorithm for IF that runs in \(O(\sqrt{n}\cdot m \cdot \log C)\) time, where n denotes the number of variables, m denotes the number of constraints and C denotes the largest absolute values of all the constants defining the system.
The influence of family process and structure on delinquency in adolescence—An examination of theory and research

ABSTRACTThis article describes three different realms of theories examining the relationship of the family to youth delinquency. The first approach focuses on the psychological processes and interactions between children and their parents. The second considers the role of family structure. The final approach considers economic factors that relate to family functioning and delinquency. Research in each theoretical area uniformly showed that attachment between parents and their adolescents makes a difference in the adolescent’s participation in delinquency.
"Erring on the Side of Life" Is Sometimes an Error: Physicians Have the Primary Responsibility to Correct This.

In a reversal of the usual constraints of informed consent, cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one of the few medical interventions that individuals will receive—in many cases with little or no warni...
Śiva’s multiplicity of presence in aniconic and iconic form

ABSTRACTThe early medieval Śaiva Siddhānta school, a theistic school of Hinduism, positively embraced material forms as means for worshipers to approach the god Śiva. Theistic schools of thought like the Śaiva Siddhānta and their iconophilic ritual practices are responsible for the profusion of religious images we see in Hinduism. This essay examines how priests and worshipers addressed these issues in early medieval South India. There are two primary themes. One is Śiva’s material polymorphism. According to the Śaivas, Śiva intervenes pervasively throughout the cosmos. Therefore, the material forms that he may inhabit are also many and diverse. The annual temple festival provides a rich illustration of Śiva’s multiple forms. The second theme is the translucency of the material object of worship. Since a consecrated icon is considered replete with Śiva’s presence, a viewer can learn to see with a devotional eye through the materiality of the object to other dimensions of Śiva’s being. The songs of the Tam...
Using the electronic medical record to study the association of child and environmental characteristics on the type of physical therapy services delivered to individuals with cerebral palsy.

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the intervention type delivered to individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) in a pediatric outpatient medical setting and to identify factors associated with the total amount of service within each type. Subjects: Four hundred and twenty-five individuals with CP (1–33 years) Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS): Level I (n = 152); II (n = 63); III (n = 55); IV (n = 80); and V (n = 75). Methods: Billing code data was extracted retrospectively from 2008 medical records and categorized to reflect four types: body structures and function (BSF), activity (ACT), environment (ENV), and examination (EXAM). Age at first visit, type of insurance at first visit and GMFCS level was also collected. Results: The majority (47%) of the PT delivered was categorized as activity based units, 25% as body structure and function, 21% as environment, and 7% as examination. Significant differences were found in: total BSF therapy units among GMFCS (p = 0....
Modification of surface hardness of alumina by ion implantation

Modification of alumina surfaces induced by ion implantation was studied by measuring the change of surface hardness with a dynamic ultramicrohardness tester. The surface layer became harder by ion implantation. However, a softer layer was produced around the range of the implanted ions, when the implantation dose became larger. Generally, higher energy implantation made the surface harder in the thicker layer. Apparent depth profile of hardness which were obtained from the relationship between square-root of indentation load and depth, gave us a good way to evaluate the effects of ion implantation.
Cognitive Deficits in Geriatric Depression: Clinical Correlates and Implications for Current and Future Treatment

The purpose of this article is to identify the cognitive deficits commonly associated with geriatric depression and describe their clinical significance. The complex relationship between geriatric depression and dementia is summarized and possible shared mechanisms discussed. Evidence regarding whether the cognitive deficits in depression may be mitigated with medication or with computerized cognitive remediation is presented.
The Relationship Between Organizational Characteristics and Team Building Success

The present paper has three goals. First, an approach to meta-analysis which combines meta-analytic procedures with a more complete description of the organizational setting is presented. Second, a meta-analysis of the influence of team building on workgroup effectiveness is conducted. The results of this meta-analysis support the contention that team building impacts positively on workgroup productivity. Finally, a discussion of the role of meta-analysis in providing information which both scientists and practitioners may use to understand the relationship between organizational characteristics and the effects of team building on productivity measures is given.
The Adaptive Expectation Model of the Demand for Money: Some Further Results (ModÃ¨le des anticipations de la demande de monnaie ajustÃ©es de pÃ©riode en pÃ©riode: quelques rÃ©sultats additionnels) (El modelo de expectativas adaptantes para la demanda de dinero: resultados adicionales)

Dans le modA¨le des anticipations de la demande de monnaie ajustA©es de pA©riode en pA©riode, il existe une autocorrA©lation entre les termes d'erreur de l'A©quation rA©duite, mAame s'il n'existe aucune corrA©lation sA©rielle entre les rA©sidus des A©quations structurelles sous-jacents. Cette observation permet de penser que l'on pourrait effectuer un test plus prA©cis de ce modA¨le si on introduisait dans la mA©thode d'estimation un processus d'autorA©gression pour les termes d'erreur entre lesquels existe une autocorrA©lation. Des rA©gressions ont A©tA© calculA©es sur la base de larges A©chantillons de donnA©es trimestrielles relatives Etats-Unis, au Canada, A l'Australie et A la NorvA¨ge. Comme le prA©voyait la thA©orie, l'utilisation de la mA©thode proposA©e a considA©rablement accru l'efficacitA© de la vA©rification. /// El tA©rmino de error de la ecuaciA³n reducida estAi correlacionado en serie segAon el modelo de expectativas adaptantes, aun cuando los tA©rminos de perturbaciA³n bAisica no tengan correlaciA³n en serie. Ello sugiere que podrA­a efectuarse una comprobaciA³n mAis eficaz del modelo de expectativas adaptantes, introduciendo en el procedimiento de cAilculo un proceso autoregresivo para el tA©rmino de error con correlaciA³n en serie. Las regresiones se efectuaron utilizando amplias muestras con datos trimestrales para Estados Unidos, CanadAi, Australia, y Noruega. Como cabA­a esperar teA³ricamente, se ganA³ considerable eficiencia al aplicar el modelo propuesto.
Surgical Approaches for the Treatment of Multilevel Cervical Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Results of a Decision Analysis.

Background Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) often leads to cervical myelopathy. Although multiple procedures have been shown to be effective in the treatment of OPLL, outcomes are less predictable than in degenerative cervical myelopathy, and surgery is associated with high rates of complications and reoperation, which affect quality of life. In this study, we performed a decision analysis using postoperative complication data and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) utility scores to assess the average expected health utility and 5-year quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) associated with the most common surgical approaches for multilevel cervical OPLL. Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant articles published between 1990 and October 2017. Meta-analytically pooled complication data and HRQoL utility scores associated with each complication were evaluated in a long-term model. Results The overall incidence of perioperative complications ranged from 6.2% for laminectomy alone to 11.0% for anterior decompression and fusion. Revision surgery for hardware/fusion failure or progression was highest for laminectomy alone (3.0%) and lowest for laminectomy and fusion (1.6%). Laminoplasty resulted in the highest 5-year QALYs gained, compared with laminectomy and anterior approaches (P Conclusion The results suggest that owing to the higher rates of complications associated with anterior cervical approaches, laminoplasty may result in improved long-term outcomes from an HRQoL standpoint. These findings may guide surgeons in cases where either procedure is a reasonable option.
U.S. Healthcare Provider Capabilities and Performance: the Mediating Roles of Service Innovation and Quality

Rapid advancements in information and communication technologies (ICT) combined with improvements in socioeconomic standards of living have led to an increase in consumers’ demands for personal services in a variety of industries including healthcare. Despite the tremendous potential of Health Information Technology (HIT), the healthcare industry lags behind in the use of HIT to effectively deliver innovative services. In this study, we combine the capabilities perspective and an adapted Capability-Quality-Performance (CQP) model to investigate the roles service innovation and quality play in the relationship between a healthcare provider’s IT-enabled capabilities and provider performance. We propose that IT-enabled capabilities by themselves do not lead to improved healthcare provider performance. It is how those capabilities are manipulated and utilized that determines the competitive advantage the healthcare provider can gain over its competitors. The theory-based model was empirically tested using a survey of 202 U.S. healthcare organizations. Results of exploratory hypotheses testing showed that service innovation and quality play significant roles in mediating the relationship between IT-enabled capabilities and healthcare provider performance.
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN OUTPATIENT PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY: EARLY EXPERIENCE WITH THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY, QUALITY NETWORK

The Quality Network (QNet) of the American College of Cardiology provides national level quality improvement (QI) and collaboration through vetted metrics, focused on outpatient pediatric cardiology. We describe our initial experience with QNet. Quarterly de-identified data (2015-17) for metrics
Mental Health Stigma and Its Effects on Treatment-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review.

Introduction Many service members experiencing symptoms of mental health conditions do not receive mental health care for these symptoms. The stigma associated with having a mental health condition or seeking treatment is often cited as a specific barrier to mental health care. However, study results bearing on the question of whether and how stigma may reduce treatment-seeking have been inconsistent. Methods We searched 10 databases for sources published between 2004 and 2014 that prospectively linked stigma to treatment-related outcomes (such as treatment seeking, retention, and reports of symptoms) using longitudinal data and predictive models. The searches yielded 2,409 sources. After reviewing titles and abstracts for relevance, we retained 15 sources to undergo full-text review. Results Overall, this review illustrates that evidence exploring the direct effect of stigma on treatment-related outcomes is still scant. We identified two studies whose outcomes conflict when it comes to stigma and treatment-initiation and utilization, and three studies found no relationship between stigma and treatment-initiation and utilization. One study suggested that the relationship between stigma and experience of symptoms is nuanced and may depend on the type of stigma and types of symptoms considered. Meager evidence was available to inform the relationship between stigma and treatment duration, attrition, and quality of life/functioning. The evidence was not sufficient to draw conclusions about the state of these relationships. No conclusions could be made about the direct impact of stigma on treatment-related outcomes among military service members given that only two studies explored this relationship among military service members. Conclusion Current research does not provide a true understanding of the degree to which mental illness stigma affects treatment-related outcomes for service members experiencing mental health challenges. This understanding could only be developed through a longitudinal study assessing prospectively whether stigma affects treatment-utilization in the military. Should such a study show that stigma reduces treatment-utilization, the military would need to consider whether changes to their current approaches to stigma reduction are warranted.
Comparative Perspectives on Bimaturism, Ontogeny, and Dimorphism in Lemurid Primates

We address questions regarding the general absence of dimorphism in lemurid primates (Hapalemur, Eulemur, and Varecia) through comparative analyses of ontogeny. We described and analyzed body mass growth data for 9 lemurid taxa and compared them to similar data for anthropoid primates. Lemurids tend to grow rapidly over a short period of time when compared to anthropoid primates of similar body sizes. Size variation among lemurid taxa arises primarily as a consequence of differences in rates of growth. Comparative analyses of body mass growth data suggest that natural selection has produced ontogenetic adaptations in lemurids that center on relatively short periods of growth. Reduced growth periods preclude the evolution of sexual dimorphism through bimaturism—a sex difference in the length of the growth period—despite high levels of intermale competition. Selective factors related to seasonal variability of lemurid habitats play important roles in limiting the potential for the evolution of bimaturism. Other selective factors that limit bimaturism are related to female reproductive synchrony. In combination, they favor relatively early male maturation, precluding sexual selection that would otherwise promote the evolution of dimorphism through bimaturism. Natural selection on growth rates may preclude somatic responses to sexual selection that involve elevated male growth rates. In general, existing ontogenetic or life history adaptations appear to restrict responses to sexual selection in male lemurids.
Risk factors for recurrence after thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Abstract Purpose To identify technical modifications concerning factors that may lower the risk of recurrence following thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods All CDH patients who underwent thoracoscopic repair from April 2003 to September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Some of the more recently treated patients underwent technically modified repairs with underlay and overlay buttresses. Results Sixty-eight patients underwent thoracoscopic repair of a diaphragmatic hernia that presented either neonatally (n = 52) or beyond the neonatal period (> 1 month) (n = 16). At our institution, the minimally invasive surgical approach is considered for clinically stable CDH patients, who are likely to have type A or B defects. 21 patients had a sac-type defect. Forty-seven patients with type A defect had primary closure, buttressed in 6 cases. In 21 patients, the type B defect was repaired with a patch, buttressed in 11 patients. Median follow-up was 36 months (IQR 9–45). Recurrence occurred in 13 patients (overall 19% recurrence rate); all had a neonatally presented defect (25% vs. 0%, p = 0.03). Patients with a sac-type defect had a lower recurrence rate than patients with no hernia sac (5% vs. 26%, p = 0.05). Recurrence complicated 7 of 47 (15%) patients after primary closure and 6 of 21 (29%) patients with patch repair; none of the 17 cases with buttressed repairs had a recurrence. Conclusions Due to a higher rate of recurrence following thoracoscopic CDH repair compared to the standard open approach, we suggest a sandwich-type buttress repair with underlay and overlay components for both primary and patch repairs. Level of Evidence Level III cohort study.
Former Insiders' Trading

Using detailed and unique data from Sweden, I show that former insiders trade profitably in the shares of companies with which they used to be affiliated. A trading strategy mimicking former insiders’ trading behavior yields abnormal returns of 7.6% per year. These returns are primarily driven by post-separation purchases rather than by sales. They do not reflect general stock-picking skills: former insiders earn significantly lower abnormal returns when trading in companies with which they have no affiliation. I show that former insiders’ informational advantage diminishes over time, but less so if they have ties to current insiders. The importance of such ties increases in the presence of value-relevant information. My results are consistent with former insiders benefiting from both a retained informational advantage and from inside information obtained post-separation when trading in inside stock.
Interactive Simulations: History, Features, and Trends

Interactive simulations are well suited for analyzing large and semi-structured problems, especially in which human interaction is an important consideration. Interactive simulations, also known as human-in-the-loop simulations, can be used for generating a better understanding of human behavior under complex situations by visually highlighting features that may not be readily accounted for in traditional simulations. Additionally, they can also be used for systems analysis under operational conditions as well as for simulator-based training. In this chapter, we discuss the differences between interactive simulations versus traditional and animated discrete-event simulations; present a brief historical overview of interactive simulations, highlight the architectural features, and summarize the application and development trends.
Human Sexuality and the American Minority Experience

Each of the coauthors has been asked to contribute to this chapter both because of our expertise in minority mental health issues and because of our personal ethnic backgrounds. Dr. Poussaint is a Black American; Dr. Small, Chinese American; Dr. Shapiro, Cuban American; and Dr. Wilkeson, Puerto Rican American. We appreciate the sensitivity of our editors in recognizing that materials related to minority persons can be most accurately portrayed by those of us who know and personally esteem the various cultural groups to be described. Primarily because of this shared conviction, we have decided not to attempt to present material on other groups. We trust that the reader will recognize that there is a marked diversity between and within different cultural groups and will understand the importance of acquiring specific knowledge of the cultural backgrounds of all patients.