cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjective well-being among Latino day laborers: Examining the role of religiosity, social networks, and cigarette use

Background: Latino day laborers (LDLs) experience chronic stressors, that adversely affects their subjective well-being (SWB). The purpose of the study was to determine whether LDLs’ demographics characteristics, religiosity, social networks, and cigarette use were significantly associated with SWB. Methods: Approximately 150 LDLs from 4 informal day laborer sites in Dallas and Arlington,Texas, participated in the cross-sectional survey. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and data on SWB were collected face-to-face from April 2013 through July 2013.Results: Most respondents were of Mexican ancestry, (n = 112; 75%), were foreign-born (n =140; 93%), and undocumented (n = 108; 72%). LDLs reported a mean satisfaction with life scoreof 19.07 (SD=8.52). Thirty percent of LDLs reported not smoking any cigarettes in the past 30 days. However, 20% reported smoking 20–39 cigarettes, while another 20% reported smoking or more cigarettes in the past 30 days. Hierarchical multiple regression results indicated that marital status (β = 0.13, P ≤ 0.05), disconnectedness to friends (β = 0.21, P ≤ 0.001), the influence of religion on life (β = 0.57, P ≤ 0.01), frequency of attendance to religious institution (β = 0.11,P ≤ 0.005), and cigarette use (β = -0.15, P ≤ 0.05) were significantly associated with the SWB appraisals of LDLs. Conclusion: These findings show that LDLs are resilient and rely on non economic factors to enhance their perceived quality of life. The results underscore the need to identify pathways to improve SWB among LDLs. Doing so may address the broader mental health and occupational health disparities gaps that affect LDLs.
IN THE MARGINS WITH THE ARGONAUTS

AbstractReaders in love with Maggie Nelson’s The Argonauts have often praised her ability to use the analytic capacities and citational resources of critical theory to advance her personal narrative about queer sex and kinship. This essay takes stock of Nelson’s genre-bending conventions by reading the visual organization of the printed book against its digital copy in order to deliberate on questions of materiality, authorship, and identity.
Quantification of Au Nanoparticle Biouptake and Distribution to Freshwater Algae Using Single Cell - ICP-MS.

Quantifying metal and nanoparticle (NP) biouptake and distribution on an individual cellular basis has previously been impossible, given available techniques which provide qualitative data that are laborious to acquire and prone to artifacts. Quantifying metal and metal NP uptake and loss processes in environmental organisms will lead to mechanistic understanding of biouptake and improved understanding of potential hazards and risks of metals and NPs. In this work, we present a new technique, single cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS), which allows quantification of metal concentrations on an individual cell basis down to the attogram (ag) per cell level. We present data validating the novel method, along with the mass of metal per cell. Finally, we use SC-ICP-MS, with ancillary cell counting methods, to quantify the biouptake and strong sorption and distribution of both dissolved Au and Au NPs in a freshwater alga (Cyptomonas ovate). The data suggests differences between dissolv...
Finite size narrow-band transmission filters for real-time short wave IR spectroscopy and imaging

This contribution presents the design and simulation of finite size narrow band transmission filters for applications in realtime and remote short wave infrared (SWIR) spectroscopy and imaging. The results can ultimately be extended to hyperspectral imaging that has gained interest in many fields ranging from agriculture to surveillance. As chemical compounds possess unique set of sharp spectral signatures, they can be differentiated using wideband spectral scanning. However, such standard approaches require bulky instruments and long acquisition times together with post-processing of acquired data. These technological bottlenecks result in a diminished usefulness of such systems in scenarios demanding short response times, such as law enforcement, homeland security, and military applications. To overcome these limitations, narrow-band and pixel-size filters can be incorporated to focal plane arrays for real-time spectral imaging systems. In this study, we explored several designs of narrow-band, finite-sized (<10λ) SWIR transmission filters based on one dimensional and two dimensional guided mode resonance (GMR) gratings. The filter designs utilize dielectrics such as SiO2 and TiO2 and are optimized for high throughput for a narrow transmission band (~ 10 nm) within a large stop band (~ 500 nm). The electric field, fringing fields, and transmission response are investigated utilizing HFSS, CST, and Matlab software for normal incidence (dielectric losses accounted for in simulations). The fringing fields at the edges are also explored for various thicknesses of conductive reflectors fencing the filter edges. Tunability of the filters are also presented as a function of their design features, including dielectric thicknesses, grating periodicity, and grating duty cycle.
Organizational Design, Learning, and the Market Value of the Firm

We compare market returns associated with firms’ creation of new units focused on e-business. Two aspects of organization design - governance and leadership - are considered with regard to exploitation- and exploration-oriented organization learning. We find that exploitation in governance (high centralization) is associated with a lower mean and variance in returns; that exploitation in leadership (appointment of outsiders) is associated with the same mean yet higher variance; and, among units exhibiting both modes of learning, the variance of returns are not equal.
Get with the 'Times': Why Defamation Law Must Be Reformed to Protect Athletes and Celebrities from Media Attacks

With the rapid increase in up to the minute, and consequently unreliable news reporting, should the Supreme Court continue to unnecessarily go to great lengths to protect the freedom of the press, at the expense of stripping citizens of their ability to protect their character and reputation from attack?The landmark Supreme Court Case of New York Times v. Sullivan set in motion a string of defamation law decisions that has made it nearly impossible for anyone with “celebrity status” to defend themselves from false and harmful statements. Athletes, both professional and non-professional, have been particularly negatively affected by these precedents.The modern day athlete is currently defenseless against false attacks against their character and reputation. The public assumes athletes are guilty until proven innocent, and the press is not held accountable for the publishing of a harmful statement. Additionally, primary news sources are currently shifting from traditional print sources to online and social media sources, which have substantially decreased the reliability of news stories.This article is timely because it highlights the recent defamation case of NFL player Jonathan Vilma, and recent controversies surrounding professional athletes Roger Clemens and Richard Sherman. The article also discusses how the modern trend of “social media news reporting” will continue to increase the risk that athletes are subjected to through unreliable news sources. Finally, this article offers a proposal for how the modern law of defamation should be reformed.New York Times v. Sullivan was decided in a decade where news reporting was conducted in a far different manner than how it is today. It is time for the Court to update defamation law accordingly, to properly protect all citizen's basic rights to defend their reputation.
Central pharmacodynamic activity of solanezumab in mild Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Abstract Introduction Solanezumab treatment was previously shown to significantly increase total (bound + unbound) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid β (Aβ)1–40 and Aβ1–42 in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease dementia yet did not produce meaningful cognitive effects. This analysis assessed solanezumab's central nervous system target engagement by evaluating changes in CSF total and free Aβ isoforms and their relationship with solanezumab exposure. Methods CSF Aβ isoform concentrations were measured in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease dementia from a pooled EXPEDITION + EXPEDITION2 population and from EXPEDITION3. CSF solanezumab concentrations were determined from EXPEDITION3. Results Solanezumab produced statistically significant increases in CSF total Aβ isoforms versus placebo, which correlated with CSF solanezumab concentration. Inconsistent effects on free Aβ isoforms were observed. Solanezumab penetration into the central nervous system was low. Discussion Solanezumab administration engaged the central molecular target, and molar ratio analyses demonstrated that higher exposures may further increase CSF total Aβ concentrations.
Cross section for photoionization of the positronium negative ion at the lowest Feshbach resonance

The photoionization cross section for the positronium (Ps) negative ion, Ps−, at the lowest n = 2 Feshbach resonance, estimated by neglecting the influences of the weakly bound outer electron, is σ...
The Deep Learning Revolution

How deep learning-from Google Translate to driverless cars to personal cognitive assistants-is changing our lives and transforming every sector of the economy. The deep learning revolution has brought us driverless cars, the greatly improved Google Translate, fluent conversations with Siri and Alexa, and enormous profits from automated trading on the New York Stock Exchange. Deep learning networks can play poker better than professional poker players and defeat a world champion at Go. In this book, Terry Sejnowski explains how deep learning went from being an arcane academic field to a disruptive technology in the information economy. Sejnowski played an important role in the founding of deep learning, as one of a small group of researchers in the 1980s who challenged the prevailing logic-and-symbol based version of AI. The new version of AI Sejnowski and others developed, which became deep learning, is fueled instead by data. Deep networks learn from data in the same way that babies experience the world, starting with fresh eyes and gradually acquiring the skills needed to navigate novel environments. Learning algorithms extract information from raw data; information can be used to create knowledge; knowledge underlies understanding; understanding leads to wisdom. Someday a driverless car will know the road better than you do and drive with more skill; a deep learning network will diagnose your illness; a personal cognitive assistant will augment your puny human brain. It took nature many millions of years to evolve human intelligence; AI is on a trajectory measured in decades. Sejnowski prepares us for a deep learning future.
Cancer Screening Among Women Prescribed Opioids: A National Study.

PURPOSE Prior work suggests that there are competing demands between addressing pain and other issues in primary care, potentially lessening delivery of evidence-based cancer screening. We assessed the association between opioid therapy and cancer screening among women in a nationally representative US sample. METHODS We conducted an observational analysis of the 2005-2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. We included all women aged ≥18 years without cancer and with opioid prescription and preventive care services data. Logistic regression analyses examined associations between receipt of opioid prescription (any vs none) and receipt of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, health status, health conditions, and usual source of care, as well as health care utilization. RESULTS Of 53,982 participants, 15.8% reported ≥1 opioid prescription. Compared with women not prescribed opioids, those prescribed opioids were more likely to visit their doctor (median number of visits per year = 5, vs 1). Without adjustment for number of visits, women prescribed opioids were more likely to receive all 3 cancer screenings; the adjusted odds ratio for breast cancer screening was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.16-1.38), that for cervical cancer screening was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.13-1.33), and that for colorectal cancer screening was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.12-1.33). With adjustment for number of visits, adjusted odds ratios decreased (breast 1.07 [95% CI, 0.98-1.18]; cervical 1.01 [95% CI, 0.93-1.09]; colorectal 1.04 [95% CI, 0.95-1.14]). CONCLUSIONS In a nationally representative sample, receipt of opioid prescriptions was not associated with less recommended cancer screenings. Rather, women receiving opioids had greater adjusted odds of receiving breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening, although the associations were attenuated by adjusting for their more frequent office visits relative to women not receiving opioids.
Flexible silicon heterojunction solar cells on 40 µm thin substrates

Silicon heterojunction solar cells were manufactured on 40 µm thin substrates using standard industrial manufacturing processes. As the thickness of the substrates goes down, bulk Shockley-Read-Hall recombination is less dominant and surface recombination becomes the main loss mechanism at the maximum power point. In this paper we report our latest accomplishments on 40 µm thin silicon heterojunction solar cells. We have achieved implied open-circuit voltages >760 mV and surface saturation current densities 2 /ITO bilayer led to a gain of 1.2 ± 0.2 mA/cm2 in current density.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Community Associated Clostridioides difficile in Children

Objective To assess which risk factors are associated with community-associated Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in children. Study design This case control study was a retrospective review of all children 1-17 years of age with stool specimens sent for C difficile testing from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2016. Cases and controls were children who had C difficile testing performed in the community or first 48 hours of hospital admission and >12 weeks after hospital discharge, with no prior positive C difficile testing in last 8 weeks, without other identified causes of diarrhea, and with clinical symptoms. Cases had positive confirmatory testing for C difficile. Controls had negative testing for C difficile and were matched to cases 1:1 by age and year of specimen collection. Results The overall incidence rate of community-acquired CDI in this cohort was 13.7 per 100 000 children per year. There was a substantial increase in community-acquired CDI from 9.6 per 100 000 children per year in 2012 to a peak of 16.9 per 100 000 children per year in 2015 (Cochran-Armitage test for trend P = .002). The risk factors for community-acquired CDI included non-Hispanic ethnicity; amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalosporin, and clindamycin use within the previous 12 weeks; a previous positive C difficile test within 6 months; and increased health care visits in the last year. Conclusions As rates of community-acquired CDI are increasing, enhanced antibiotic stewardship and recognition of health care disparities may ease the burden of community-acquired CDI.
Classifying protein structures into folds by convolutional neural networks, distance maps, and persistent homology

Abstract The fold classification of a protein reveals valuable information about its shape and function. It is important to find a mapping between protein structures and their folds. There are numerous machine learning techniques to predict protein folds from 1-dimensional (1D) protein sequences, but there are few machine learning methods to directly class protein 3D (tertiary) structures into predefined folds (e.g. folds defined in the SCOP database). We develop a 2D-convolutional neural network to classify any protein structure into one of 1232 folds. We extract two classes of input features for each protein: residue-residue distance matrix and persistent homology images derived from 3D protein structures. Due to restrictions in computing resources, we sample every other point in the carbon alpha chain to generate a reduced distance map representation. We find that it does not lead to significant loss in accuracy. Using the distance matrix, we achieve an accuracy of 95.2% on the SCOP dataset. With persistence homology images of 100 × 100 resolution, we achieve an accuracy of 56% on SCOPe 2.07 dataset. Combining the two kinds of features further improves classification accuracy. The source code of our method (PRO3DCNN) is available at https://github.com/jianlin-cheng/PRO3DCNN.
Clinical, sociodemographic, and pathological characteristics of breast cancer in the United States: A cross-sectional analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

e13623Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most commonly-diagnosed malignancy in women. BC encompasses great heterogeneity in patient pathologic and clinical characteristics, as well as treat...
Laser-assisted synthesis of gold-graphene oxide nanocomposites: effect of pulse duration.

Laser photoreduction of metal ions onto graphene oxide (GO) is a facile, environmentally friendly method to produce functional metal–GO nanocomposites for a variety of applications. This work compares Au–GO nanocomposites prepared by photoreduction of [AuCl4]− in aqueous GO solution using laser pulses of nanosecond (ns) and femtosecond (fs) duration. The presence of GO significantly accelerates the [AuCl4]− photoreduction rate, with a more pronounced effect using ns laser pulses. This difference is rationalized in terms of the stronger interaction of the 532 nm laser wavelength and long pulse duration with the GO. Both the ns and fs lasers produce significant yields of sub-4 nm Au nanoparticles attached to GO, albeit with different size distributions: a broad 5.8 ± 1.9 nm distribution for the ns laser and two distinct distributions of 3.5 ± 0.8 and 10.1 ± 1.4 nm for the fs laser. Despite these differences, both Au–GO nanocomposites had the same high catalytic activity towards p-nitrophenol reduction as compared to unsupported 4–5 nm Au nanoparticles. These results point to the key role of GO photoexcitation in catalyzing metal ion reduction and indicate that both ns and fs lasers are suitable for producing functional metal–GO nanocomposites.
Cervical Spinal Fusion in Adult Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A National Analysis of Complications and 90-day Readmissions.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to utilize the National Readmission Database to determine the national estimates of complication and 90-day readmission rates associated with cervical spinal fusion in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND RA patients who undergo cervical spine surgery are known to be at high risk for readmissions, which are costly and may not be reimbursed by Medicare. METHODS The National Readmission Database was queried for adults (>18 years) diagnosed with RA undergoing cervical spine fusion. Patient, operative, and hospital factors were assessed in bivariate analyses. Independent risk factors for readmissions were identified using stepwise multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS From 2013 to 2014, a total of 5597 RA patients (average age: 61.5 ± 11.2 years, 70.9% female) underwent cervical spine fusion. A total of 691 (12.3%) patients were readmitted within 90 days (). Index inpatient complications included dysphagia (readmitted: 7.9% vs. non-readmitted: 5.1%; P = 0.003), urinary tract infection (UTI) (8.8% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.001), respiratory-related complications (7.6% vs. 3.4%; P < 0.001), and implant-related complications (5.4% vs. 2.7%; P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated the following as the strongest independent predictors for 90-day readmission: intraoperative bleeding (odds ratio [OR]: 3.6, P = 0.001), inpatient Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (OR 4.1, P = 0.004), and patient discharge against medical advice (OR 33.5, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Readmission rates for RA patients undergoing cervical spine surgery are high and most often due to postoperative infection (septicemia, UTI, pneumonia, wound). Potential modifiable factors which may improve outcomes include minimizing intraoperative blood loses, postoperative DVT prophylaxis, and discharge disposition. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Kristeva’s Impact on Film Studies: Orson Welles and David Lynch

This chapter studies Kristeva’s influence in film studies including Kelly Oliver and Benigno Trigo on Orson Welles’s The Lady from Shanghai and Touch of Evil as well as Frances Restuccia on David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive. Oliver and Trigo situate Welles’s movies in the film noir genre while demonstrating that unconscious anxieties over sexuality and race lie at the core of these texts in ways that are at odds with the patriarchal values associated with that form of cinema. Restuccia places Mulholland Drive in the context of Kristeva’s writing on film to show how an examination of different kinds of fantasy reveals Lynch’s movie to be a cautionary tale. My analysis of an important passage in her “Fantasy and Cinema” makes clearer the contributions of Kristeva’s psychoanalytic theory and criticism to questions of race in film.
Route of administration determines effectiveness of single-use trace mineral products in beef cattle

An injectable trace mineral product increased plasma Mn, Se, and Zn concentrations within 8 h and liver Se concentrations through d 29. These products are an effective way to rapidly increase trace mineral status as they are delivered directly into the blood stream. Boluses did not increase liver mineral (Se) concentrations until 120 days after administration, suggesting these products may be an effective strategy to improve trace mineral status in the long-term. Products that were administered orally (drenches and pastes) had minimal effects on plasma and liver mineral concentrations, likely because interaction with dietary antagonists hindered trace mineral absorption. Beef cattle producers should select single-use trace mineral products based on how quickly a status change is needed.
A native cell membrane nanoparticles system allows for high-quality functional proteoliposome reconstitution.

Abstract Proteoliposomes mimic the cell membrane environment allowing for structural and functional membrane protein analyses as well as antigen presenting and drug delivery devices. To make proteoliposomes, purified functional membrane proteins are required. Detergents have traditionally been used for the first step in this process. However, they can irreversibly denature or render membrane proteins unstable, and the necessary removal of detergents after reconstitution can decrease proteoliposome yields. The recently developed native cell membrane nanoparticles (NCMN) system has provided a variety of detergent-free alternatives for membrane protein preparation for structural biology research. Here we attempt to employ the MCMN system for the functional reconstitution of channels into proteoliposomes. NCMN polymers NCMNP1-1 and NCMNP7-1, members of a NCMN polymer library that have been successful in extraction and affinity purification of a number of intrinsic membrane proteins, were selected for the purification and subsequent reconstitution of three bacterial channels: KcsA and the mechanosensitive channels of large and small conductance (MscL and MscS). We found that channels in NCMN particles, which appeared to be remarkably stable when stored at 4 °C, can be reconstituted into bilayers by simply incubating with lipids. We show that the resulting proteoliposomes can be patched for electrophysiological studies or used for the generation of liposome-based nanodevices. In sum, the findings demonstrate that the NCMN system is a simple and robust membrane protein extraction and reconstitution approach for making high-quality functional proteoliposomes that could significantly impact membrane protein research and the development of nanodevices.
War and Commitment to Military Service: Deployment and Combat Experiences Associated With Retention Among Army National Guard Soldiers:

The present study examined career intentions in two samples—home-based or garrison (N = 12,583 soldiers in 180 companies) and deployed and recently returned soldiers (N = 4,551 in 50 companies). Pr...
Diagnosis and Management of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Dancers

Dance is a popular activity throughout the world. There are many styles of dance, each having distinct physical demands and injury patterns. Healthcare providers should have some familiarity with the typical injuries seen in the dancer’s foot and ankle. Along with strong physical exam skills, an understanding of the best imaging options is paramount. High-resolution ultrasound can often be used as reliably as MRI for many of these diagnoses. The present article aims to brief the regional anatomy, address the typical presentation, and review exam findings and management options for the care of dancers’ injuries in the foot and ankle.
Money chasing deals? The impact of fund inflows on private equity valuation

We show that in#ows of capital into venture funds increase the valuation of these funds’ new investments. This e!ect is robust to (i) controlling for "rm characteristics and public market valuations, (ii) examining "rst di!erences, and (iii) using in#ows into leveraged buyout funds as an instrumental variable. Interaction terms suggest that the impact of venture capital in#ows on prices is greatest in states with the most venture capital activity. Changes in valuations do not appear related to the ultimate success of these "rms. The "ndings are consistent with competition for a limited number of attractive investments being responsible for rising prices. ( 2000 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved. JEL classixcation: G24; G12
An ex situ study of electrodeposited lead on platinum (111): II. vacuum characterization and thermal desorption of the emersed adlayer

Abstract The vacuum and thermal properties of Pt(111) electrodes emersed from Pb-containing HClO4 solutions were studied with Auger electron spectroscopy, thermal desorption spectroscopy, Ar ion sputter depth profiling, and low energy electron diffraction. Following emersion of the electrode and transfer to the vacuum chamber the adsorbate consists of Pb, ClO4, O, OH, and Cl, which form a number of (√3 × √3)R30° diffraction patterns. Lead is the primary thermal desorption product of submonolayer deposits and evolves in a single peak that shifts from 1300 K in the limit of low coverage to 1150 K at saturation of the first layer. The activation energy for Pb desorption varies linearly from 324 kJ mol in the limit of zero coverage to 273 kJ mol at monolayer saturation. Heating bulk Pb deposits produces, in addition to Pb desorption, a number of Cl- and O-containing Pb compounds, the most prominent being PbO and PbO2, which desorb at 975 and about 800 K, respectively. PbO appears to result from oxidation during the emersion step, whereas PbO2 forms during the temperature ramp by a thermally driven reaction with coadsorbed oxidants (e.g., ClO4). Multilayer Pb desorbs in a peak at 960 K with an activation energy of 180 kJ mol . Auger and depth profile measurements gave reasonably consistent estimates of emersed adlayer thickness ranging from 2.5 to 25 A depending on emersion potential.
Switching Costs and Abstract Compatibility Standards: Are Vertical Standards as Vulnerable as Physical Products?

Research shows vendors manipulate open standards for physical products such as routers and switches to introduce positive switching costs. This article explores the possibility of manipulating vertical standards, purely abstract compatibility standards based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). Vertical standards use XML to formalize and codify business processes and data formats unique to specific industries. Manipulating vertical standards does not optimize or enhance proprietary hardware capabilities since they are not embedded in physical products, and any manipulation is easily detected and quite correctable, so it is unclear whether positive switching costs can be introduced by any vendor. This paper describes why vertical standards are not immune to manipulation, and explores circumstances which may make the manipulation of purely abstract compatibility standards possible. A series of testable propositions are presented, and potential evidence to signal the introduction of positive switching costs is discussed. Further research in this area is discussed.
Powered Lift and Mechanical Flap Concepts for Civil Short-Haul Aircraft

The objective of this paper is to determine various design and performance parameters, including wing loading and thrust loading requirements, for powered lift and mechanical flap conceptual aircraft constrained by field length and community noise impact. Mission block fuel and direct operating costs (DOC) were found for optimum designs. As a baseline, the design and performance parameters were determined for the aircraft using engines without noise suppression. The constraint of the 90-dB effective perceived noise level (EPNdB) contour being less than 2.6 km (1.0 mi.) in area was then imposed. The results indicate that for both aircraft concepts the design gross weight, DOC, and required mission block fuel decreased with field length. At field lengths less than 1100 m (3600 ft) the powered lift aircraft had lower DOC and block fuel than the mechanical flap aircraft but produced higher unsuppressed noise levels. The noise goal could easily be achieved with nacelle wall treatment only and thus resulted in little or no performance or weight penalty for all studied aircraft.
A Direct Simulation-Based Study of Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean

Abstract : The primary focus of this research is to integrate dynamical processes of wave and turbulence in the upper ocean surface boundary layer (SBL) into a physics-based computational capability for the time-dependent radiative transfer (RT) in the ocean. The combined capability we develop will provide direct forward predictions of the radiance distributions in the upper ocean. We aim to use this capability for understanding the basic features and dependencies of oceanic radiance on the wave environment, to provide guidance and cross-calibration for field measurements, and to validate and benchmark existing and new theories. As an ultimate goal, the proposed direct simulation also provides a framework, in conjunction with sensed radiance data, for the optimal reconstruction of salient features of the ocean surface and the above-water scene.
Multisystemic treatment of violent and chronic juvenile offenders: bridging the gap between research and practice.

The lack of communication between researchers and practitioners has hindered the development of effective interventions for children and adolescents. Recently, however, significant headway in bridging this researcher-practitioner gap has been made due to the emergence of multisystemic therapy (MST) as a treatment approach that combines the rigor of science and the “real world” aspects of clinical practice in treating violent and chronic juvenile offenders and their families in community-based settings. MST addresses the multiple known determinants of delinquency and delivers services in the family's natural environment, with considerable emphasis on treatment fidelity. This article describes MST and provides a case example of how MST treatment principles are applied.
Designing computer forensics courses using case studies to enhance computer security curricula

Most information systems are designed without anticipating malicious use; however, the exponential growth of attacks illustrates vulnerabilities in traditional systems. Computer forensics aids in the reconstruction of the time stamped actions that led to an attack or intrusion. Since those attacks affect performance, there is a need to harden and protect the information infrastructure. Cyber Laws provide protection to systems by prosecuting cyber security violators and cyber criminals. Real world case studies provide a better understanding of security issues and help developers design and implement security features. This paper describes a computer forensics course designed around federal and state level court cases representing real cyber crime, one related to a wrongful prosecution that our team defended successfully, as well as findings from investigations and their importance. These course materials are freely available for other instructors to use in their classrooms.
Interfacial viscoelastic properties of adsorbed surfactant and polymeric films at fluid interfaces

The viscous and elastic properties of fluid interfaces play an important role in the stability of foams and emulsions as well as in the selection of surfactants for tertiary oil recovery. These properties were determined for aqueous solutions of surfactant, polymer, and polymer plus surfactant systems using a deep channel surface viscometer. The surface rheology of the adsorbed film was represented in terms of the two-parameter Maxwell model. Depending on the system investigated, the films were found to be either viscoelastic, purely viscous, neither viscous nor elastic, or rigid. Les proprietes visqueuses et elastiques des interfaces de fluides jouent un role important dans la stabilite des mousses et des emulsions et dans le choix des agents tensio-actifs pour la recuperation d'une huile tertiaire. On a determine lesdites proprietes dan le cas de solutions aqueuses d'agents tensioactifs, de polymeres et de polymeres additionnes d'agents tensio-actifs, en employant un viscometre de surface a canal profond. On a represente la rheologie de la surface de la pellicule adsorbee en fonction du modele de Maxwell a deux parametres. On a trouve que, selon le systeme etudie, les pellicules etaient soit visco-elastiques ou visqueuses, soit non-visqueuses ou non-elastiques ou rigides.
VAMPIRIC AFFINITIES: MINA HARKER AND THE PARADOX OF FEMININITY IN BRAM STOKER'S DRACULA

AFTER MINA HARKER awakens from Count Dracula's vampiric embrace, she asks the men around her, but more pointedly herself, “What have I done to deserve such a fate, I who have tried to walk in meekness and righteousness all my days?” (285, ch. 21). As she recounts this perverse seduction in her own words, however, she contradicts her earlier disavowal: “strangely enough, I did not want to hinder him” (284). These conflicting statements capture the peculiar double bind with which Mina struggles throughout Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897). Many critics concentrate on Dracula himself and the men who do battle with him; interestingly, the novel also develops Mina's complex subjectivity through her unspoken but deep affinity with the vampire. Van Helsing's paranoid observation, “Madam Mina, our poor, dear Madam Mina, is changing” (319; ch. 24), epitomizes shifting cultural anxieties at the moment when a long-standing ideological conception of proper femininity comes under suspicious attack. Although nothing seems more natural to Mina than her desire to help her husband in the public sphere while maintaining an intimate friendship with Lucy Westenra in the private, these familiar roles become estranged by the new taxonomies of deviancy popularized during the late nineteenth century.
Chiral molecular polygons based on the Pt-alkynyl linkage: Self-assembly, characterization, and functionalization

Abstract Treatment of 2,2′-diacetoxy-1,1′-binaphthyl-6,6′-bis(ethyne), L-H2, with one equiv of trans-Pt(PEt3)2Cl2 led to a mixture of different sizes of chiral metallocycles [trans-(PEt3)2Pt(L)]n (n = 3–8, 1–6). Each of the chiral molecular polygons 1–6 was purified by silica-gel column chromatography and characterized by 1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, MS, IR, UV–Vis, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, size exclusion chromatography, and microanalysis. Chiral molecular square 2 was also characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The acetyl groups of 2 were readily deprotected under mild conditions to generate 2a which possesses exposed chiral dihydroxy functional groups. The dihydroxy groups were functionalized with n-octadecyl chains or Frechet-type dendrons to generate dendritic molecules built on a chiral molecular square core. This work shows the potential of generating interesting functional supramolecular systems based on Pt-alkynyl chiral molecular polygons.
The binding chemistry and leaching mechanisms of hazardous substances in cementitious solidification/stabilization systems

Abstract The chemistry of binding and the mechanisms of leaching of hazardous substances, particularly priority (heavy) metal pollutants, in cementitious stabilization/solidification (S/S) systems are discussed in terms of their bulk and surface states. Particular attention is given to the nature of the surface species and their surface and solution chemistries. Key to understanding the binding and leaching processes in cement is the characterization of the chemical and physical states involved. The available characterization techniques will be outlined and their application to model doped samples will be demonstrated. Recent efforts in the surface bulk, and morphological characterization of model S/S hazardous metal-portland cement systems will be presented with the results summarized in physical and chemical concepts. The ultimate aim of the work is to provide information to provide the understanding necessary for the design of new or improved stabilization and solidification systems and for information needed to mathematically model the leaching.
The Quadratic Assignment Problem: An Analysis of Applications and Solution Strategies:

A wide variety of practical problems in design, planning, and management can be formulated as quadratic assignment problems, and this paper discusses this class of problem. Since algorithms for producing optimal solutions to such problems are computationally infeasible for all but small problems of this type, heuristic techniques must usually be employed for the solution of real practical problems. This paper explores and compares a variety of solution techniques found in the literature, considering the trade-offs between computational efficiency and quality of solutions generated. Recommendations are made about the key factors to be considered in developing and applying heuristic solution procedures. (Author/TRRL)
Developmental life of the medical student: curriculum considerations

Few medical educators would dispute that the emotional development and well being of the medical student is of critical importance in the pathway to physicianhood. It has been suggested that failure to address this aspect of medical education may account for various health problems and levels of impairment during medical school and beyond. Some authors have suggested that the personal development and “professionalization” of the student occurs through modeling, the medical school “culture,” and the “hidden curriculum.” In recognition of the randomness, incompleteness, or inadequacy of this approach, a number of attempts have been made to address this important but difficult dimension of medical education. However, programs designed to foster self-reflection and appreciation of affect in the physician–patient relationship are often limited as electives or unsupported by faculty and staff and therefore fall short of their objective. The author proposes that a pedagogical framework based on an analogy of life cycle theory (a la Erikson or others) offers a schema within which to consider efforts being made in medical curricula to promote self-awareness, appreciation of affect in oneself and one’s patients, and a context in which to minimize the risk of illness and impairment.
Interplay between rheological and structural evolution of benzoxazine resins during polymerization

Abstract The main aim of this work is to study the influence of different polymerization temperatures on the polymerization processes of phenol/diaminodiphenylmethane (P-ddm)-based benzoxazines. Small amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) are used, and the results reveal the evolution of the rheological behavior of benzoxazine resins during polymerization. Tan δ clearly shows two peaks at lower temperatures and one of them at elevated temperatures. The first low-temperature peak is the ring-opening and the temporary structure of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding, while the second peak, which is much less outstanding in magnitude at higher temperatures, is the actual buildup of a molecular network.
Justice and the Environment in Nussbaum's “Capabilities Approach”: Why Sustainable Ecological Capacity Is a Meta-Capability

What principles should guide how society distributes environmental benefits and burdens? Like many liberal theories of justice, Martha Nussbaum’s “capabilities approach” does not adequately address this question. The author argues that the capabilities approach should be extended to account for the environment’s instrumental value to human capabilities. Given this instrumental value, protecting capabilities requires establishing certain environmental conditions as an independent “meta-capability.” When combined with Nussbaum’s nonprocedural method of political justification, this extension provides the basis for adjudicating environmental justice claims. The author applies this extended capabilities approach to assess the distribution of benefits and burdens associated with climate change.
A Phase Ib Study of Combined VEGFR and mTOR Inhibition With Vatalanib and Everolimus in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background Vatalanib is an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), whereas everolimus inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Combination therapy with VEGFR and mTOR inhibitors has not been well tolerated to date but may have efficacy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Patients and Methods A phase Ib study of vatalanib and everolimus was performed in patients with advanced solid tumors to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, and tolerability of the combination. A dose-expansion cohort of 20 patients with metastatic RCC was studied to further define toxicity and preliminary efficacy in patients with RCC. Results We evaluated 32 patients over 3 dose levels and a dose-expansion cohort. The most common toxicities of any grade were proteinuria, fatigue, hypertriglyceridemia, nausea, and vomiting. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included severe hypertension, diarrhea, neutropenia, mucositis, and fatigue. The MTD for the combination was vatalanib 1000 mg daily and everolimus 5 mg daily. In all patients, median overall survival (OS) was 16.3 months. In patients with RCC, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.8 months, and OS was 16.5 months. OS was significantly better in treatment-naive patients (25.1 months) compared with patients who had received previous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy (6.3 months). Seven of 24 (29.2%) evaluable patients demonstrated a partial response, and an additional 15 patients exhibited stable disease. Long-term tolerability (> 1 year) was demonstrated in 19% of patients. Conclusion Relevant doses of vatalanib and everolimus were achieved in combination, with expected toxicities. A substantial number of patients with RCC achieved an objective response in the treatment-naive setting, with prolonged tolerability and survival. Further comparative phase II/III studies of specifically targeted VEGF and mTOR inhibitor combinations may be warranted in patients with RCC.
Results of systemic urokinase (UK) and heparin treatment for extensive venous thrombosis in children. † 667

Background: Extensive venous thromboses and resultant complications including post-phlebitic syndrome (PPS) are recognized in children with increasing frequency; optimal therapy has not been determined. We studied systemic UK and heparin therapy in children with documented extensive venous thrombosis.
A Versatile Synthetic Route to Macromonomers via RAFT Polymerization

We describe a facile route to prepare functional macromonomers using reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This was demonstrated in the synthesis of α-functionalized norbornenyl, vinyl, and cinnamyl macromonomers using functional chain transfer agents bearing these end groups. Various homopolymer macromonomers of well-controlled molecular weights were synthesized with near-quantitative incorporation of the end group functionality. The use of norbornenyl and vinyl CTA's resulted in a highly quantitative polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers yielding well-defined linear macromonomers. On the other hand, monomers with a lower reactivity such as methyl acrylate (MA) exhibited a broader polydispersity. The cinnamyl-functionalized telechelics proved the most challenging due to a competitive chain transfer between the cinnamyl group and the RAFT CTA at higher conversions. To demonstrate utilization of the macromonomer functionality, we synthesized the ...
Interactive effects of light and nitrogen on growth and chemical composition of juvenile Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. (Phaeophyta) sporophytes

The effects of light and nitrogen on the growth and chemical composition of juvenile Macrocystis pyrifera (L.) C. Ag. were studied by growing sporophytes under nine different combinations of light and nitrate in a continuous-flow system. Significant individual and interactive effects of the two parameters were discovered. Growth-saturating levels of light and nitrate varied depending on the combinations of the two parameters used. Interactive effects on nitrogen allocation patterns were also indicated: although sporophyte pigment concentrations were high under conditions of low light at all nitrate levels, the proportion of tissue nitrogen allocated into pigment-protein complex synthesis under simultaneous light and nitrogen stress was greater than under light stress only. The priority given to pigment synthesis, even under nitrogen stress conditions, may have “adaptive” value for the seaweed. Primary (chlorophyll a) and accessory (chlorophyll c and fucoxanthin) pigment concentrations responded to both light and nitrate as well as to the interaction of the two parameters. The proportions of primary to accessory pigments (pigment ratios) however, responded to light only, nitrate enrichment resulting in proportional increases in primary and accessory pigments. Nitrogen was taken up and accumulated in the tissues by light-limited, nitrate-enriched sporophytes, beyond growth saturating requirements (i.e. luxury consumption of nitrogen occurred). In contrast, sporophytes grown under high light and nitrate-enrichment did not demonstrate growth saturation and therefore showed no signs of luxury consumption. Accumulation of “surplus” nitrogen appeared to occur in both organic and inorganic forms. This was indicated by accumulation of pigments beyond growth saturating levels, and by the higher ash contents of sporophytes demonstrating luxury consumption. Caloric values of the sporophytes were used to indicate differences in tissue chemical composition. Caloric values were influenced both by light and nitrate, and were positively correlated (P< 0.01) with sporophyte growth rates. The differences in caloric values (and therefore chemical composition) were ascribed to the different combinations of light and nitrate to which the sporophytes were exposed. Ash content and caloric value may provide useful indices for obtaining instantaneous growth rate comparisons for Macrocystis in the field and in culture. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of studying interactive effects of light and nitrogen, as opposed to only studying these parameters individually.