cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Binocular contrast summation--II. Quadratic summation.

Abstract Quadratic summation is presented as a rule that describes binocular contrast summation. The rule asserts that for left-eye and right-eye contrasts CL and CR, there is an effective binocular contrast C given by the formula: C = ( C L ) 2 + ( C R ) 2 . Pairs of left-eye and right-eye stimuli that produce equal values of C are equivalent. Quadratic summation is applied to the results of experiments in which stimuli presented to the two eyes differ only in contrast. It provides a good, first-order account of binocular summation in contrast detection, contrast discrimination, dichoptic masking, contrast matching and reaction time studies. A binocular energy-detector model is presented as a basis for quadratic summation.
Set theory as an aid in conceptualizing the physician's assistant

The modern day physician, his science, and his technology are the product of housands of years of evolution. Yet, within the last decade it has become customary to question the approprlateness of the product. It has become common to reexamine traditional definitions, to reorganize medical services and, literally, to create new roles for the physician and other health service personnel. Both the questions and the changes have been a response to the increasing, but unfulfilled, demands for more health care services and more personnel to provide these services. Concern for numbers of personnel has led to growing pressures to condense the educational process considerably, in order to prepare health service workers for their roles in as short a time as possible. The need to construct practical and reallstic curricula has challenged medical educators to delineate role configurations very precisely. Equally important, there is a growing awareness of the need for some definition of the essentials within the curricula that may assure optimal performance. Maintaining concern both for role and performance has been a major task of the emerging physician's assistant programs.
World Bank Game: An Economic Development Simulation.

(1989). World Bank Game: An Economic Development Simulation. Journal of Geography: Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 82-90.
Enchancement of monacolin K production via intergeneric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus and Monascus anka

Abstract Intergenic protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus CA99 and Monascus anka M-3, the high and low producers of monacolin K respectively, was performed for enahancement of monacolin K production. The 24-hour-old mycelia of A. terreus CA99 and M. anka M-3 were treated with 0.5% lywallzyme, 0.3% snailase and 0.3% cellulase at 34°C for 5 h and at 30°C for 3.5 h, and their protplasts formation reached 1.76 × 107/mL and 1.68 × 107/mL respectively. Parental protoplasts were irradiated with a 30 W UV light away from 30 cm for 3 min and then mixed. The mixture was incubated with 30% PEG 6000 for 15 min. The reviving fusants were isolated on the regeneration plates. Of the 363 fusants isolated, over 100 showed enhanced monacolin K production compared with teh parental strain M. anka M-3. Ten of them produced monacolin K about 1.6-fold of that M. anka M-3 does and the monacolin K titer of two fusants (F49 and F104) increased by about 1-fold. The monacolin K yields of F49 and F104 were 460 µ g/mL and 457...
Discrete Time Analyses of Nonuniform Sampling First- and Second-Order Digital Phase Lock Loops

The present paper considers discrete time analyses of firstand second-order digital phase lock loops. These loops are characterized by the fact that they track the zero crossings of the incoming signal; consequently, the sampling intervals are nonuniform. The firstorder loop is analyzed for phase step and frequency step inputs; mean time to skip cycle is also considered. For phase step input, approximate expressions are obtained for the steady-state phase error probability density and phase error variance, the second of which leads directly to a theoretical prediction of threshold. The second-order loop is analyzed for frequency step input. Approximate expressions for the steady-state phase error probability density, phase error variance, and a theoretical prediction of threshold are obtained. The analyses are confirmed by numerical results and simulation.
Combinatorial protein design by in vitro recombination

DNA recombination is a powerful engine for the creation of new phenotypes. Recently, methods for in vitro DNA recombination (DNA shuffling) have been developed and applied to the evolution of novel molecules in the laboratory. An exciting new development is the shuffling of homologous genes to create diversity for directed evolution.
HNO and NO Release from a Primary Amine-Based Diazeniumdiolate As a Function of pH

The growing evidence that nitroxyl (HNO) has a rich pharmacological potential that differs from that of nitric oxide (NO) has intensified interest in HNO donors. Recently, the diazeniumdiolate (NONOate) based on isopropylamine (IPA/NO; Na[(CH(3))(2)CHNH(N(O)NO)]) was demonstrated to function under physiological conditions as an organic analogue to the commonly used HNO donor Angeli's salt (Na(2)N(2)O(3)). The decomposition mechanism of Angeli's salt is dependent on pH, with transition from an HNO to an NO donor occurring abruptly near pH 3. Here, pH is shown to also affect product formation from IPA/NO. Chemical analysis of HNO and NO production led to refinement of an earlier, quantum mechanically based prediction of the pH-dependent decomposition mechanisms of primary amine NONOates such as IPA/NO. Under basic conditions, the amine proton of IPA/NO is able to initiate decomposition to HNO by tautomerization to the nitroso nitrogen (N(2)). At lower pH, protonation activates a competing pathway to NO production. At pH 8, the donor properties of IPA/NO and Angeli's salt are demonstrated to be comparable, suggesting that at or above this pH, IPA/NO is primarily an HNO donor. Below pH 5, NO is the major product, while IPA/NO functions as a dual donor of HNO and NO at intermediate pH. This pH-dependent variability in product formation may prove useful in examination of the chemistry of NO and HNO. Furthermore, primary amine NONOates may serve as a tunable class of nitrogen oxide donor.
Computer-controlled dynamic mode multidirectional UV lithography for 3D microfabrication

Computer-controlled dynamic mode multidirectional ultraviolet (UV) lithography has been demonstrated using a collimated UV light source, a substrate-holding stage equipped with two stepper motors (one for tilting and the other for rotation), a controller with programming software and a laptop computer. The tilting and rotational angles of the stage in motion are accurately controlled during UV exposure as programmed by the user to produce complex three-dimensional (3D) microstructures. Process parameters include the initial and final tilting and rotational angles of the stage, and the relative angular velocities of the two motors in addition to the normal fabrication process parameters of UV lithography such as optical dose, baking time, and developing time and condition. Symmetric patterns can be generated by a simple synchronous mode dynamic operation, where both the angular velocities of the tilting motion and the rotating motion are set equal or harmonically related. More complex and non-symmetric patterns can be obtained using a piecewise synchronous mode, where the relationship between the angular velocities of the two motors is described not with a single coefficient but with a set of coefficients. 3D structures fabricated from the synchronous mode operation include the four-leaf clover horn and the cardiac horn while the ones from the piecewise synchronous mode are a vertical triangular slab, a screwed wind vane and arbitrary shape horns. Ray trace simulation has been performed using a mathematical tool in a spherical coordinate system and the simulated 3D patterns show good agreement with the fabricated ones.
Fracture of cracked plates under plane stress

Abstract Dugdale's model for static yielding at the tip of a crack is extended to include the influence of the stress-strain curve on the plastic-zone size and subsequently on the fracture strength of the plate. The internal stresses acting on the boundary of an assumed extension of the crack line to the end of the plastic zone are expressed as a function of strain hardening, strain rate, and the state of stress. Thus, the plasticzone size and the crack boundary displacements are calculated as a function of these factors for the plane stress condition. From these considerations, a fracture toughness equation which accounts for plasticity is derived for the uniformly loaded plate. Residual static strength tests on cracked plates for several aluminum alloys and steels at room temperature having widths ranging from 3 to 48 in. are analyzed according to the proposed model. The gross stress predictions computed by using the modified Dugdale model are compared with the predictions computed by the Griffith-Irwin method and Notch Strength Analysis method. The proposed method gave predictions that were more consistent with the test data.
Why Regional Coastal Monitoring for Assessment of Ecosystem Health

During recent years, the public and the scientific communities have signaled concern over growing degradation of ecosystem health, depleted fisheries, pollution, and habitat loss. Public concern has been registered in newspapers, electronic media, and congressional actions. Scientific concern has moved from the pages of journals to the actions of professional societies, as for example the Sustainable Biosphere Initiative of the Ecological Society of America (Lubchenco et al. 1991). Responsive actions at the national and international levels have resulted in Conventions and Protocols on Climate Change, Biodiversity, Ozone, and internationally recognized declarations for sustaining marine fisheries.
26-percent efficient point-junction concentrator solar cells with a front metal grid

Silicon concentrator cells with point diffusion and metal contacts on both the front and backsides are discussed. The design minimizes reflection losses by forming an inverted pyramid topography on the front surface and by shaping the metal grid lines in the form of a triangular ridge. A short-circuit current density of 39.6 mA/cm/sup 2/ has been achieved, even though the front grid covers 16% of the cell's active area of 1.56 cm/sup 2/. This, together with an open-circuit voltage of 700 mV, has led to an efficiency of 22% at one sun, AM1.5 global spectrum. Under direct-spectrum 8.8-W/cm/sup 2/ concentrated light, the efficiency is 26%. This is the highest ever reported for a silicon cell having a front metal grid. >
ADPCM encoding of images using a conjugate gradient based adaptive algorithm

A new recursive conjugate gradient (RCG) algorithm is developed for two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM). This algorithm is based on the conjugate gradient method of optimization and therefore has a fast convergence characteristic. The RCG operates on samples of data rather than blocks, and is computationally simpler than the recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. Simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the method in ADPCM encoding of images.
Heritability estimates of milk production with different numbers of records per sire by herd subclass.

Abstract The first-lactation milk records of 20,850 artificially sired Holstein cows and their dams were analyzed by a sire-by-herd, variance components model to determine if unequal numbers of records in the filled subclasses had any effect on the paternal half-sib correlation or the daughter-dam regression. The variance components were estimated with the number per subclass held constant at 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. The records were also analyzed as deviations from herd-mate averages. The analysis of deviations with one observation per subclass gave the highest heritability estimate from daughter-dam regression, .40, and the lowest from paternal half-sib correlation, .23. Analyses of deviations with two, three, four, or five observations per subclass gave approximately the same estimates of heritability from both daughter-dam regression (.31, .32, .29, and .23) and paternal half-sib correlation (.32, .31, .27, and .36).
Nanoporous and nanostructured materials made out of clusters for environmental applications

The nanoporous materials prepared from iron-iron oxide core-shell nanoparticles are of great interest due to their enhanced possibilities for distribution in the environment, a high rate of chemical reactivity and also the possibility to enhance environmentally friendly reaction paths. However, production of these nanoparticle porous materials by conventional methods is difficult. Therefore, we use a cluster deposition system, which prepares the iron nanoclusters and iron-iron oxide core shell nanoclusters at room temperature. The nanoporous films are synthesized by using the nanoclusters as building blocks. These films are characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for surface area determination.
Service-Oriented Architecture for Deploying and Integrating Enterprise Applications

Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) offer a flexible solution to the integration of systems, applications, protocols, data sources, and processes into a cohesive system to support critical business operations. A major challenge in these service-based systems is how to ensure the availability and reliability of web services upon which user applications and services are built. This paper describes a highavailability SOA platform for deploying and integrating enterprise applications. This SOA platform has been used to deploy and integrate multiple large enterprise applications that are used throughout Motorola for the past few years.
Business process reengineering for flexibility and innovation in manufacturing

In response to an increasingly global and competitive environment, the flexibility to adapt to changing market needs and develop innovative cross‐functional processes is quintessential to success. Emphasizes that, in order to succeed in BPR, the firm must make the organizational structure change from a hierarchical to a flat form, management goals must change from being functional sub‐optimized to global‐optimization, process‐oriented measurement, and employees’ work must change from being fragmented to team‐oriented. It is important that the firm combine core business process reengineering and holistic outsourcing and rethink its business from an integrated, systematic “whole” and value chain viewpoint to beat competition with flexibility and innovation.
Model dispersive media in finite-difference time-domain method with complex-conjugate pole-residue pairs

In this letter, we show that both Debye poles and Lorentz pole pairs are special cases of complex-conjugate pole-residue pairs, and the general form of such pairs is in fact far more efficient than the commonly used Debye poles and Lorentz pole pairs for modeling real dispersive media with the finite-difference time-domain method. We first derive an alternative formulation of the auxiliary differential equation method for arbitrary dispersive media based on general complex-conjugate pole-residue pairs. We then numerically demonstrate the efficiency of using these pairs in modeling dispersive media
On earning a non‐profit

Kenneth Harwood is professor and chairman in the Department of Telecommunications at the University of Southern California. He is currently president of the Oak Knoll Broadcasting Company (KRLA, Los Angeles), chairman of the board of the Broadcast Foundation of California, Inc., and a member of the Radio Board of Directors of the National Association of Broadcasters. For a dozen years he served as an officer or director of the APBE, and often has contributed to the Journal. The following article is copyright (1966) by Dr. Harwood, and was prepared as a chapter in a forthcoming book, tentatively titled The Farther Vision: Educational Television Today, edited by Allen E. Koenig and Ruane B. Hill, to be published next fall by the University of Wisconsin Press.
Increased phospholipase A2 and lyso-phosphatidylcholine levels are associated with surfactant dysfunction in lung contusion injury in mice

Objective Surfactant dysfunction is an important pathologic disturbance in various forms of acute inflammatory lung injury. Previously we reported the presence of marked alterations in the composition and activity of pulmonary surfactant in bilateral lung contusions (LC) injury induced by blunt trauma in rats. This is extended here to a mouse model of unilateral LC with a focus on compositional and functional changes in surfactant associated with permeability injury and increases in activity of secretory phospholipase A 2 . Results Surfactant-associated gene expression was not altered in mice with unilateral LC injury on the basis of Affymetrix analysis. LC mice had significant permeability injury with increased albumin and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage at 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours after insult compared with uninjured controls. The percent content of large surfactant aggregates was depleted at all postinjury times, and pulmonary pressure-volume (P-V) mechanics and compliance were abnormal during this period. Surfactant dysfunction was evaluated in 24 hours, when permeability injury and P-V changes were most prominent. At this time, activity levels of secretory phospholipase A 2 were increased in bronchoalveolar lavage, and chromatographic analysis showed that large surfactant aggregates had decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine and increased levels of lyso-phosphatidylcholine. These changes were accompanied by severe detriments in large aggregate surface activity by pulsating bubble surfactometry. Large aggregates from LC mice at 24 hours had minimum surface tensions of only 12.6 ± 1.1 mN/m after prolonged bubble pulsation (20 min) compared with 0.7 ± 0.03 mN/m for uninjured controls. Conclusion These results document important detriments in the composition and activity of pulmonary surfactant in LC injury in mice and suggest that active synthetic phospholipase-resistant exogenous surfactants may have utility in treating surfactant dysfunction in this clinically important condition.
Gender differences in adaptation patterns among scientists in developing nations: exploring the case studies of Ghana, Kenya, and Kerala

The paper examines adaptation patterns among female scientists in Ghana, Kenya, and Kerala and compares their level of scientific participation with that of males. The author discusses whether the inhospitable occupational climate in industrialized nations is relatively advantageous for women scientists when compared to the Third World, where women may be especially vulnerable to deleterious scientific conditions exemplified by less developed nations and characterized by weak research infrastructures, a lack of anti-discriminatory legislation, fewer mentors, and capricious access to the educational foundation necessary to enter scientific careers. In examining the data, however, the analysis provides support to the contrary; women scientists actually have adapted in highly advantageous ways in less developed nations based upon measures capturing presence in the workplace, mentoring relationships, the potential for network collaborations, and resource expectations. The author extends social Darwinism paradigms to explain the unexpected phenomenon through her Evolutionary Adaptation Model, and recommends that feminine patterns of scientific contributions in the Third World be explored in greater detail in order to identify adaptation patterns and institutional conditions that strengthen the potential contributions of female scientists at all levels of economic development.
Time-dependent freezing rate parcel model

Abstract. The time-dependent freezing rate (TDFR) model here described represents the formation of ice particles by immersion freezing within an air parcel. The air parcel trajectory follows an adiabatic ascent and includes a period in time when the parcel remains stationary at the top of its ascent. The description of the ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the air parcel is taken from laboratory experiments with cloud and precipitation samples and is assumed to represent the INP content of the cloud droplets in the parcel. Time dependence is included to account for variations in updraft velocity and for the continued formation of ice particles under isothermal conditions. The magnitudes of these factors are assessed on the basis of laboratory measurements. Results show that both factors give rise to three-fold variations in ice concentration for a realistic range of the input parameters. Refinements of the parameters specifying time dependence and INP concentrations are needed to make the results more specific to different atmospheric aerosol types. The simple model framework described in this paper can be adapted to more elaborate cloud models. The results here presented can help guide decisions on whether to include a time-dependent ice nucleation scheme or a simpler singular description in models.
Performance of Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Relaying in Rayleigh Fading with Turbo Codes

Cooperative transmission, in which a source and relay cooperate to send a message to a destination, can provide spatial diversity against fading in wireless networks. We derive analytical expressions for the error probability of amplify-and-forward (AF), decode-and-forward (DF), and a new hybrid AF/DF relaying protocol, for systems using strong forward error correction in quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels, and these expressions are shown to compare favorably with simulation results using turbo codes. Analytical results include an exact expression for the distribution of the SNR in AF transmission. For the protocols that achieve diversity (AF, adaptive DF, and hybrid AF/DF), the optimum position of the relay is midway between the source and destination, implying that mutual relaying (or partnering) to a common destination is suboptimal
Residue Analysis of Ethoprop (MOCAP) in Some Home Garden Vegetables

Abstract A gas chromatography method was used for the analysis of Ethoprop (0-Ethyl-S, S-dipropylphosphorodithioate) in six home garden vegetables. This method is rapid, efficient and does not require any additional clean up, with recoveries ranging from 80–97% in different vegetables, for samples fortified at levels of 1.0, 0.01, 0.05 ppm. Ethoprop(MOcap) was found at harvest at the following levels: carrots (0.06, 0.78, 0.52 ppm in 1977), crowder peas (0.01, 0.01, 0.02 ppm in 1977; 1.62, 2.12, 1.06 ppm in 1978), lima beans (0.02, 0.13, 0.02 ppm in 1977; 2.34, 4.16, 3.38 ppm in 1978), radish (0.01, 0.07, 0.03 ppm in 1977;0.09, 0.14, 0.09 ppm in 1978), string beans (0.02, 0.03, 0.07 ppm in 1977; 0.01, 0.09, 0.11 ppm in 1978) turnip tops (0.01, 0.02, 0.13 ppm in 1977; 0.05, 0.05, 0.05 ppm in 1978), turnip roots (0.01, 0.01, 0.02 ppm 1977; 0.15, 0.05, 0.06 ppm in 1978), which were grown in soil treated one week before planting with 3 lbs., 6 lbs., and 12 lbs. /acre of Ethoprop (granules, 10% active ingredie...
Metadata Practices and Implications for Federated Collections

As digital library development begins to focus on interoperability and collection federation, resource developers need to be concerned with contributing to national and international collections, while not losing sight of the needs of institutions and user communities. The Digital Collections and Content (DCC) project aims to provide integrated access to IMLS National Leadership Grant (NLG) digital collections through a centralized collection registry and metadata repository. While technical development proceeds on the repository, our research team is investigating how collections and items can best be represented to meet the needs of both service providers and diverse user communities. This paper presents results on metadata and collection representation practices based on survey data, interviews, and content analysis. Despite Dublin Core's prevalence and ease of use, problems with field richness and consistency of application persist, in part because of the distinct cultures of description that have evolved in different kinds of cultural heritage institutions. Moreover, the concept of a digital collection is widely unsettled among resource developers. This has important implications for central repositories, if, as we hypothesize, the strategic foregrounding and backgrounding of collection-level metadata proves critical for navigation and interpretation of information in large-scale federated collections.
How does species association affect mixed stock fisheries management? A comparative analysis of the effect of marine protected areas, discard bans, and individual fishing quotas

We developed a spatially explicit bioeconomic model of a mixed-stock fishery with an unproductive and a productive stock to examine how the spatial overlap between species affects the outcome of a fishery under alternative management methods. We considered a competitive total allowable catch (TAC) system, with and without a ban on discards, and an individual vessel quota (IVQ) fishery managed either to maximum sustainable yield (MSY) or maximum economic yield (MEY). We also evaluated the utility of marine protected areas (MPAs) designed to protect the unproductive species for each management scenario. Banning discarding (whether under a TAC or IVQ) created the biggest increase in profit regardless of species overlap as it moves the target species biomass toward Bmey. MPAs reduced the profit in most cases and were not always successful at conserving the unproductive stock above a target size. The IVQ system managed to MEY produced the most profit among all scenarios while preserving the populations above s...
Abstract 530: Vascular Remodeling by Angiotensin Peptide Hormones Alters Reactivity of the Microcirculation

Endothelial dysfunction associated with hypertension leads to end-organ damage through impairment in tissue perfusion. Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes vascular remodeling and fibrotic stiffening and attenuates endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. However, the heptapeptide hormone angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] reduces the structural effects of Ang II and acutely vasodilates vessels ex vivo . Lewis rats were chronically treated with either Ang II, Ang-(1-7), or both angiotensin peptides to examine the effect of the peptide hormones on microvascular remodeling and reactivity of cremaster muscle arterioles in vivo . Cremaster arterioles (50 microns in diameter) were visualized by intravital microscopy to measure vascular reactivity. Ang II elevated systolic blood pressure by 43 mmHg, an effect that was not changed by co-administration of Ang-(1-7); Ang-(1-7) alone had no effect. Ang II increased the media to lumen ratio (by 82% compared to Sham, n=7, p
An induced bactericidin in the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus.

SummarySpiny lobsters, P. argus, immunized with living or killed bacteria, have been shown to synthesize a nondialyzable bactericidin. This substance was present in the hemolymph and was usually detectable within 12 hours. In the primary response, it reached a peak within 24-48 hours. The most effective antigen was a gram-negative bacillus, EMB-1, isolated from the normal intestinal flora of healthy P. argus. Varying results were obtained when specificity was tested with heterologous bacteria, but the bactericidin was less specific than mammalian antibody. Heating at 65°C for 20 min was required for complete inactivation. EDTA, dialysis, carrageenin, and freezing failed to inactivate this substance. It could be adsorbed by homologous and heterologous bacteria.
Modeling of Complex and Diverse Aircraft Trajectories with the Trajectory Synthesizer Generalized Profile Interface

A flexible method to describe and generate aircraft trajectories called GenProf was developed for the Center TRACON Automation System (CTAS) software research platform. Generally CTAS is used to prototype new air traffic management decision support tools and concepts. Beyond this purpose, the GenProf methodology has enabled a variety of research and validation tasks to be performed. This paper briefly describes the methodology and details these applications.
Methotrexate in the treatment of arthritis and connective tissue diseases.

Methotrexate has received much attention in recent literature as an effective agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Potential and observed toxicity from methotrexate compares very favorably with other cytotoxic and disease-modifying agents used to treat resistant rheumatoid arthritis, especially with regard to bone marrow suppression and future oncogenesis. Long-term liver toxicity, the incidence of which appears to be rare with low-dose therapy, remains an issue. Because of its relative safety, methotrexate seems a logical agent for the treatment of other arthropathies and connective tissue diseases. This paper reviews what has been written about methotrexate as treatment for a variety of inflammatory conditions other than rheumatoid arthritis. Wider application of this agent is expected in the future for the treatment of these kinds of conditions.
Analysis of the Renin-Angiotensin System during Fasting in Adult Male Rabbits

Caloric deprivation for 3 days in adult male rabbits induced significant increases in daily urinary Na+ excretion, urinary volume and fluid intake as previously reported. These changes were accompanied by: (a) a significant reduction in plasma renin concentration; (b) an unchanged plasma renin activity; (c) a marked increase in the plasma angiotensinogen concentration; (d) a significant reduction in plasma angiotensin I; and (e) a significant increase in plasma angiotensin II. In a separate group of adult male rabbits, 3 days of caloric deprivation significantly increased the amount of converting enzyme in pulmonary parenchymal tissue. These findings correlate with the previously reported enhancement of mineralocortical hormone secretion and limiting effect of the latter on the natriuresis of caloric withdrawal. Since the increased mineralocortical hormone secretion does not prevent the natriuresis, the possibility that these striking changes in the components of the renin-angiotensin system during caloric deprivation may exert intrarenal effects is discussed.
OSGi components for development pattern of smart grid information applications

With the proposation of smart grid,after the research of component technology with the accordance of OSGi standard,a component-based software development and operating platform is developed.It makes it possible for the integration of information systems for power generation,power transmission,power distribution,power utilization,dispatching and enterprise management.
Rapid Screening of Chemical Inhibitors That Block Processive DNA Synthesis of Herpesviruses

Processivity factors associate with DNA polymerases, enabling them to incorporate thousands of nucleotides without dissociating from the template. The processivity factors encoded by each of the herpesviruses are ideal targets for specifically blocking viral replication, particularly since they have unique primary amino acid sequences. Here we provide details of a rapid mechanistic plate assay and its potential application to high-throughput screening of libraries of tens of thousands of chemical compounds to identify inhibitors of processive DNA synthesis. Methods of validation testing are presented.
Clinical pharmacology of combination DMARD therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

Knowledge about disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) mechanism(s) of action, kinetics and toxicities can be used to help develop rational DMARD combinations. While limited by the present lack of knowledge in these areas, the present DMARD characteristics will be used to develop rational DMARD combinations. Combinations of methotrexate (MTX) plus azathioprine, and MTX plus gold might be expected to be poor DMARD combinations, a prediction borne out by experimental studies. MTX plus cyclosporine, on the other hand, should be an effective combination, again demonstrated by a recently published clinical study. Also, hydroxychloroquine plus MTX should be a good combination, and an observational study seems to support this. However, not all predictions are accurate (probably due to inadequate data about mechanisms, kinetics, and toxicities). For example, hydroxychloroquine plus D-penicillamine had a negative interaction when tested, a result not predicted by the suggested approach. In addition, predictions are inevitably oversimplified so that what appears to be a negative interaction between MTX and sulfasalazine is not actually one when the details of the potential negative interaction between these 2 drugs are examined. Ultimately, use of a construct such as the one suggested should improve the chances of success and decrease the costs of testing DMARD drug concentrations.
New systems opportunities in cloud-scale data center

The world's ICT industries in the past decade have largely been driven by smartphones and various types of end user devices. As cloud-based applications and services become more and more prevalent, data centers that support these applications and services also present significant technical and commercial opportunities. In this talk, I will outline emerging technical requirements and trends in cloud data centers, and then elaborate on several new developments to illustrate exciting new opportunities in this area.
Engineering and Scientific Software Control Standards Modelling: An Interactive Expert System Using Telecommunications

Selecting an Engineering and Scientific software (ES) system is an arduous process. The overall satisfaction derived from this type of system depends on many variables. This study analyzes the influence of a number of ESS predictor variables on overall satisfaction. This study confirms the theories that suggest that ESS ease of operation, computer reliability and tech support — trouble shooting are the major determinants of overall computer user satisfaction.
Power System Management

Many systems undergo reconfiguration or switching during normal and abnormal operations. Such systems can function in different modes or discrete states in each of which the system may exhibit distinct dynamical behavior. Transitions between modes are defined by logical conditions that can depend on continuous dynamical states or external signals. Such systems are called hybrid systems [174] or mixed logical dynamical systems (MLD) [24, 77]. The relevance of such problems to power systems was clearly noted by Dy Liacco in [131, 132, 133]. This chapter is concerned with power systems that operate in this way.
Managing orientalism: biography, performance, and the films of Sabu and Merle Oberon

ABSTRACTConsidering biography in the case of actors of colour involves something other than resisting dominant narratives about film history and recuperating effaced performances. It requires reflection on the instability of the narratives and performances of self. This article considers Merle Oberon and Sabu, two actors of South Asian descent who gained international popularity in orientalist roles in 1930s Hollywood and British productions. These actors did not actively try to subvert the roles to which they were assigned, but this does not necessarily render them passive and complicit. Athleticism in the case of Sabu and restraint in the case of Oberon deviated from the normative performances of orientalism, often in ways that contradicted the biographies circulating about them.
'Better Angels of Our Nature:' Optimism in Presidential Leadership

The narratives with which Presidents describe themselves and their administrations may lend insights into attributes of presidential leadership. Among the most interesting attributes — and least-studied — is optimism. Do U.S. Presidents express themes of hope and optimism relatively more than others? How unified or different are the Presidents in expressing such sentiments? Is such an expression associated with the person’s life experience and the context while serving in office? And ultimately, how is optimism associated with a President’s legacy? This study examines self-narrative texts of post-World War II Presidents, including memoirs, inaugural addresses, and State of the Union messages. It is the first to assess sentiments in presidential memoirs, and to compare attributes of personality among Presidents using natural language processing. Analysis reveals that these Presidents express sentiments of hope and optimism significantly more than a mass of post-World War II literature. Yet the Presidents vary considerably in these sentiments, which are significantly associated with aspects of a President’s own life experience, and with aspects of the context of the President’s time in office. The findings reveal no association of optimism with one measure of a President’s legacy, the ranking by historians.
Materials for up-grading temperatures for control

This class of materials has become of greater importance during the past years for both military and non-military applications. It might be well to briefly elaborate on the title as it applies to this session.
Transfusion Requirements in Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies.

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplants (NM-ASCT) are increasingly being utilized to treat hematologic malignancies in settings where high dose, fully ablative regimens would not be tolerated. We identified 10 male and 13 female patients (n=23) ranging in age from 19 to 63 years old (mean=48) representing all patients whom had undergone NM-ASCT in the last five years. NM-ASCT were performed for acute myelogenous leukemia (n=7), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n=6), Hodgkin’s disease (n=4), multiple myeloma (n=3), myelodysplastic syndrome (n=2), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=1). The majority of patients had undergone at least one previous stem cell transplant (n=16). The mean number of stem cells infused per kilogram at time of transplant was 4.72 X 10 6 ±1.97 X 10 6 stem cells and mean time to engraftment was 15.8 ±5.15 days (3 consecutive days with ANC >500). All of the subjects required both platelet and red cell transfusion during the period of analysis. Mean transfusion requirements in the 7 days prior to transplantation were 3.1 ±5.9 units of platelets and 1.2 ±1.5 units of packed red blood cells. Mean platelet transfusion requirements 90 days post transplant were 73.7 ±79.7 units and mean red cell requirements 11.6 ±8.3 units. Total mean transfusion requirements during the time period analyzed were 76.9 ±82.2 units of platelets and 12.8 ±8.9 units of packed red blood cells. There was no significant correlation between the number of stem cells infused per kilogram on day of transplant, the number of previous transplants, or the time to engraftment with red blood cell or platelet transfusion requirements. Our data illustrate a higher proportion of patients requiring platelet transfusions (100% vs. 23%) and red blood cell transfusions (100% vs. 63%) as well as a higher platelet transfusion requirement (median 48 vs. 0 units) and packed red blood cell transfusion requirement (median 11 vs. 2 units) than other authors have reported in a 60 day period in HLA-matched sibling NM-ASCT [Weissinger et al. Blood 98(13):3584-8, 2001]. As is illustrated by the percentage of patients undergoing previous fully ablative stem cell transplants, our patients represent a heavily pretreated population and this may account for the higher transfusion requirements seen in this analysis. Although patients undergoing NM-ASCT receive reduced intensity therapy, in our analysis their transfusion requirements remain substantial.
The impact of capnography monitoring among children and adolescents in the postanesthesia care unit: a randomized controlled trial.

SummaryBackground Pulse oximetry does not reliably recognize respiratory depression, particularly in the presence of supplemental oxygen. Capnography frequently detects hypoventilation and apnea among children recovering from anesthesia. Although children are routinely monitored with capnography during anesthesia, reducing the rate of adverse events, it is not routinely used in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), where patients remain at risk for respiratory depression. Aim We hypothesized that children monitored with capnography would have more frequent staff interventions and fewer adverse events than children monitored with pulse oximetry alone. Methods Otherwise healthy children of age 1–20 years undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery were eligible for enrollment upon entering the pediatric PACU. Subjects were randomized as to whether PACU staff could view the capnography monitor (intervention group) or not (control group). All children received standard monitoring with pulse oximetry. Vital signs and patient interventions were recorded every 30 s by a portable monitor or a research associate. Results Data from 201 children were analyzed. The rates of hypopneic hypoventilation [5% (95% CI: 2–8%) per minute vs 1% (95% CI: −1% to 3%) per minute, difference 4% (95% CI: 0.2–8%) per minute; P = 0.04] and apnea [11% (95% CI: 8–14%) per minute vs 1.5% (95% CI: −2% to 5%) per minute, difference 9% (5–14%) per minute; P < 0.001] decreased significantly faster in our intervention group as compared to the control group. The rates of bradypnea decreased faster in our control group [5% (95% CI: 2–8%) per minute vs 1% (95% CI: 0–4%) per minute, difference 4% per minute, 95% CI: 0–9%; P = 0.05]. Rates of respiratory events over time between groups were affected by the presence or absence of interventions. There were no differences in rates of hypoxemia between groups over time. Conclusions Children monitored with capnography have different rates of adverse respiratory events over time than children monitored solely with pulse oximetry. The addition of capnography improved the efficacy of staff interventions, however did not impact rates of oxygen desaturation.
A testbed for WiLDNet and white space

Access to internet connection is nowhere near as widespread as access to the cell phone network. A primary reason is cost, or perhaps more correctly stated, return on investment. Cost effectiveness of equipment is a key requirement although one that needs to be matched with a plan for a revenue stream. The IEEE Smart Village program for several years has been partnering with local entrepreneurs to provide equipment to produce renewable electrical power in remote rural areas. A requirement of the local partner is a viable plan for economic sustainability. If the target community can support a local micro-grid, it would stand to reason that the same community could support some communication infrastructure. Remote rural communities that lack electricity and communication generally also have compelling educational needs, for example, textbooks. An inexpensive means of distributing learning materials is the internet. The work to be discussed here is that of the first stages of an extension of the IEEE Smart Village program to the simultaneous provision of power and communication. We are presently investigating the notion that installing intranet infrastructure at the same time as a micro-grid is cost effective. The candidate technologies for intranet are Wi-Fi Long Distance (WiLD) and Television White Space (TVWS). The technologies are described, compared and contrasted. A testbed that is presently being constructed at the University of Colorado at Boulder to compare these two communication technologies will be described and test results presented. Some discussion will be give to trials that will take place in coming months, for example, an installation in Papua New Guinea.
Do Chief Sustainability Officers Make Companies Greener? The Moderating Role of Regulatory Pressures

We draw from upper echelons theory to investigate whether the presence of a chief sustainability officer (CSO) is associated with better corporate environmental performance in highly polluting industries. Such firms are under strong pressure to remediate environmental damage, to comply with regulations, and to even exceed environmental standards. CSOs in these firms are likely to be hired as legitimate agents to lead and successfully implement environmental strategy aimed at reducing pollution levels. Interestingly and contrary to our expectations, we found that the presence of a CSO is associated with higher levels of pollution emissions. Nonetheless, we found that the CSO has a positive influence on a firm’s environmental performance if faced with strict environmental regulations. We argue that the enforcement of environmental regulations enhances monitoring and accountability of pollution emissions. The sample for this study comprised all the S&P 500 firms required by the Environmental Protection Agency to annually report their toxic emissions to the Toxic Release Inventory. Data were collected for a 6-year period from 2006 to 2011. We used a panel data regression and employed propensity score matching to correct for potential endogeneity problems.
Aqueous geochemistry in icy world interiors: Equilibrium fluid, rock, and gas compositions, and fate of antifreezes and radionuclides

Abstract The geophysical evolution of many icy moons and dwarf planets seems to have provided opportunities for interaction between liquid water and rock (silicate and organic solids). Here, we explore two ways by which water-rock interaction can feed back on geophysical evolution: the production or consumption of antifreeze compounds, which affect the persistence and abundance of cold liquid; and the potential leaching into the fluid of lithophile radionuclides, affecting the distribution of a long-term heat source. We compile, validate, and use a numerical model, implemented with the PHREEQC code, of the interaction of chondritic rock with pure water and with C, N, S-bearing cometary fluid, thought to be the materials initially accreted by icy worlds, and describe the resulting equilibrium fluid and rock assemblages at temperatures, pressures, and water-to-rock ratios of 0–200 ° C, 1–1000 bar, and 0.1–10 by mass, respectively. Our findings suggest that water-rock interaction can strongly alter the nature and amount of antifreezes, resulting in solutions rich in reduced nitrogen and carbon, and sometimes dissolved H2, with additional sodium, calcium, chlorine, and/or oxidized carbon. Such fluids can remain partially liquid down to 176 K if NH3 is present. The prominence of Cl in solution seems to hinge on its primordial supply in ices, which is unconstrained by the meteoritical record. Equilibrium assemblages, rich in serpentine and saponite clays, retain thorium and uranium radionuclides unless U-Cl or U-HCO3 complexing, which was not modeled, significantly enhances U solubility. However, the radionuclide 40 K can be leached at high water:rock ratio and/or low temperature at which K is exchanged with ammonium in minerals. We recommend the inclusion of these effects in future models of the geophysical evolution of ocean-bearing icy worlds. Our simulation products match observations of chloride salts on Europa and Enceladus; CI chondrites mineralogies; the observation of serpentines, NH4-phyllosilicates, and carbonates on Ceres’ surface; and of Na and NH4-carbonate and chloride in Ceres’ bright spots. They also match results from previous modeling studies with similar assumptions, and systematically expand these results to heretofore unexplored physico-chemical conditions. This work involved the compilation and careful validation of a comprehensive PHREEQC database, which combines the advantages of the default databases phreeqc.dat (carefully vetted data, molar volumes) and llnl.dat (large diversity of species), and should be of broad use to anyone seeking to model aqueous geochemistry at pressures that differ from 1 bar with PHREEQC.