cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Infection Rates After Open Fractures of the Radius and/or Ulna

Purpose To investigate factors associated with the development of deep infection in patients with open fractures of the radius and/or ulna. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 296 open fractures of the radius and/or ulna. Of these patients, 200 had at least 6-month follow-up and were included in this study. The following variables were examined for each patient: time from injury to antibiotic administration, time from injury to operative debridement, Gustilo–Anderson classification, type of antibiotic received, and host characteristics such as age, diabetes, and tobacco use. Outcome parameters included the presence of deep infection and fracture union. Results The overall rate of deep infection was 5% (10 of 200). No type 1 fractures (of 41) developed deep infection. In contrast, 4% (2 of 48) of type 2 and 7% (8 of 110) of type 3 fractures developed infection. Of 200 patients, 28 received antibiotics in less than 3 hours and underwent debridement in less than 6 hours from the time of injury; however, they did not have lower rates of infection. Similar findings were noted when nonunion was used as the outcome, and the association between Gustilo–Anderson classification and the development of nonunion was statistically significant. Conclusions Factors such as time to antibiotics and time to operative debridement were not predictors for either rate of deep infection or nonunion in open fractures of the radius and/or ulna. The type of fracture as outlined by the Gustilo–Anderson classification was the factor most strongly associated with the development of deep infection and nonunion in these fractures. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.
Functional Interactions between Cytoplasmic Domains of the Skeletal Muscle Ca2+ Release Channel

Abstract The skeletal muscle Ca2+release channel (RYR1), which plays a critical role in excitation-contraction coupling, is a homotetramer with a subunit molecular mass of 565 kDa. Oxidation of the channel increases its activity and produces intersubunit cross-links within the RYR1 tetramer (Aghdasi, B., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Reid, M. B., and Hamilton, S. L. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 3739–3748). Alkylation of hyperreactive sulfhydryls on RYR1 withN-ethylmaleimide (NEM) inhibits channel function and blocks the intersubunit cross-linking. We used calpain and tryptic cleavage, two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, N-terminal sequencing, sequence-specific antibody Western blotting, and [14C]NEM labeling to identify the domains involved in these effects. Our data are consistent with a model in which 1) diamide, an oxidizing agent, simultaneously produces an intermolecular cross-link between adjacent subunits within the RYR1 tetramer and an intramolecular cross-link within a single subunit; 2) all of the cysteines involved in both cross-links are in either the region between amino acids ∼2100 and 2843 or the region between amino acids 2844 and 4685; 3) oxidation exposes a new calpain cleavage site in the central domain of the RYR1 (in the region around amino acid 2100); 4) sulfhydryls that react most rapidly with NEM are located in the N-terminal domain (between amino acids 426 and 1396); 5) alkylation of the N-terminal cysteines completely inhibits the formation of both inter- and intrasubunit cross-links. In summary, we present evidence for interactions between the N-terminal region and the putatively cytoplasmic central domains of RYR1 that appear to influence subunit-subunit interactions and channel activity.
Use of Psychology and Behavioral Economics to Promote Healthy Eating

Understanding the psychology of how people make decisions can shed light on important factors contributing to the cause and maintenance of public health problems like obesity. This knowledge can and should inform the design of government and private-sector public health interventions. Several insights from psychology and behavioral economics that help explain why people are particularly vulnerable to the current food environment are discussed. These insights fall into the following categories: the influence of starting points (status quo bias and anchoring effects); communicating health information (simplicity and framing); and unintended consequences of policy interventions (compensation, substitution, and the peanuts effect). The paper discusses opportunities for improving the design of food policies and interventions by altering default options, providing the public with simple and meaningful nutrition information, carefully constructing the framing of public health messages, and designing food policies to minimize unintended consequences, such as compensation and substitution.
Trapped neon-argon isotopic correlations in gas rich meteorites and carbonaceous chondrites

Abstract Trapped argon in gas-rich meteorites and carbonaceous chondrites is found to vary in isotopic composition. The variations correlate with associated variations in the trapped 20 Ne 22 Ne ratio. The correlation found here, as well as those observed earlier for trapped helium and neon, indicate a complex but strongly coupled history for trapped light rare gases in meteorites.
The Impact of Women’s Status and Gender Inequality on Female Homicide Victimization Rates Evidence From U.S. Counties

Feminists have long argued that structural inequality between men and women influences the prevalence of female homicide victimization. In the present study, a cross-sectional analysis was performe...
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after cessation of the tumor necrosis factor α blocker adalimumab in cryptococcal pneumonia

Tumor necrosis factor α antagonists have proven efficacious for a variety of autoimmune-mediated diseases. However, recent data have highlighted the risk of invasive fungal infections with their use. These agents are typically discontinued when infectious complications occur during therapy; however, the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may be seen after drug cessation. We describe the 1st case of IRIS secondary to cryptococcal pneumonia after cessation of adalimumab.
Oxygen membrane electrode used as a toxicity biosensor

Three biosensor configurations that included a dissolved oxygen electrode and yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were evaluated as a means to assess the environmental effects of toxic chemicals. The configurations were: closed suspension—assay medium closed to air and cells suspended in the medium; open suspension—assay medium open to air and cells suspended in medium; and biofilm electrode (BFE)—assay medium open to air but cells immobilized on the surface of the electrode. The BFE was the most advantageous configuration based on assay times and detection limits.
Use of a Water Basin for Ground Effect Testing of VTOL Models

RELIMINARY design analysis encompasses varieties of configurations for which aerodynamic characteristics must be established. Some of the major characteristics of interest for VTOL aircraft pertain to lift, rolling moment, pitching moment, and to reingestion during hover in ground effect. The state-of-the-art for estimating these VTOL characteristics analytically is inadequate, and empirical data must be obtained. In order to acquire such data inexpensively for a variety of configurations, a test facility was established! which provides data with a quality suitable for preliminary assessment. Contents Description of Facility The test facility consists mainly of a water basin about 1.5 m in diameter and 45 cm deep, containing 30 cm of water in which a small scale model is suspended. Aircraft jet engines are represented by tubes through which water is pumped using a flow system illustrated in Fig. 1. The basin floor can act as the ground surface for ground effect testing. A typical model installation is shown schematically in Fig. 2. The model of approximately 25 cm span (in this case a flat plate) is suspended in the water by means of vertical rods from scales which, in turn, are attached to a support frame above the water basin. The scales measure vertical forces on the model excluding the forces on the water tubes themselves, thus indicating the interference forces of jet exhausts on the model. The water tubes extend through openings in the model so that the tube ends are flush with the bottom surface of the model. The tubes can move independently in a vertical direction. A small-diameter Teflon ring is attached to the tubes, outside near the exits, to minimize sliding friction with the model and, in effect, to seal the gaps between the tubes and the model by leaving only a small clearance. The vertical thrust of each of the water jets is measured separately by additional scales. The model distance to the ground can be altered by moving the entire model support frame upward or downward with respect to the water basin. Simulation of bank and pitch near the ground is provided by installing an inclined plane on the bottom of the basin beneath the model. Engine failure effects can be investigated by shutting off one of the water supply lines. Intake flow effects can be investigated by installing suction pipes. Flow visualization and reingestion measurements are made easily using pellets in the exhaust flow with a density equal to water.
Effects of Cu and CdCl 2 treatment on the stability of sputtered CdS/CdTe solar cells

We have studied the effects on cell stability of the amount of copper in the back contact and the dependence on CdCl 2 activation treatment for sputtered CdS/CdTe cells. Unencapsulated cells were tested in the dark and at one sun at 85 °C and higher. We find that cells with > 3 nm of evaporated Cu (covered with 20 nm Au) had initially higher short-circuit current but were less stable than cells with limited Cu (1–3 nm) and that cells without intentional Cu in the back contact had neither better stability nor better initial performance. For cells with Cu in the back contact, a window of CdCl 2 treatment time was found for optimal stability. The cells without back-contact Cu were not very sensitive to the treatment time. With optimized CdCl2 treatment and Cu thickness, cells have shown very good stability. For cells with unoptimized Cu thickness or activation treatment, the decreases in fill factor (FF) and open-circuit voltage (Voc) were significant. We believe these changes may arise from possible formation of an oxide or telluride layer involving copper at the back contact and the migration of Cu from the back contact.
Computer diagnosis of mammographic masses

The objective of this work is to provide a probability of malignancy of a mammographic mass to the interpreting physician. Using the location of a mass, it is automatically segmented using fuzzy clustering. Features are extracted from the segmentation results using morphological, first-order statistical, and texture measures. Selection of relevant features is done using sequential selection. Fitness functions are based on the scatter matrices, k-nearest neighbors classifier, or neural network classifier using two-fold cross validation. The diagnosis is then provided by a trained three layer neural network. Feature selection provides a dramatic reduction in the number of required measurements to less than 25 as well as improve the accuracy of the results, from about 70% correct to 82% correct. The area under the ROC curve also increased dramatically. Computer vision applied to mammographic masses results in a very complex data space, that requires careful analysis for the design of a classifier. While further improvements are needed, current results are becoming clinically interesting.
Reconsidering Social Theory: A Debate

A recent editorial in this journal addressed the role and significance of social theory in an era of “new conservatism”. The editorial prompted a specific defence of Marxian social theory and its relevance for contemporary analysis, which in turn led to a series of commentaries which amount to nothing less than a wide-reaching reconsideration of the whole realm of social theory in urban and regional analysis.
Music as Motion: A Synopsis of Alexander Truslit's (1938) Gestaltung und Bewegung in der Musik

Truslit's (1938) monograph, rarely cited nowadays and found in few academic libraries, contains profound insights into the motional character of music and the performer's role in shaping it. His ideas are highly relevant to contemporary attempts to understand the nature of musical motion and its communication in performance, and, although often speculative and sup- ported only by very marginal data, they provide a valuable source of hypotheses for the more extensive and precise empirical inquiries that are feasible now. To bring Truslit's important theoretical contribution to the attention of contemporary researchers and musicians, this paper presents a highly condensed and annotated translation of his book.
Active surface-wave directional coupler

We report experimental results which show that noncollinear surface-wave mixing on [111]-cut bismuth-germanium oxide can be used to realise an active, switchable directional coupler. For low-level inputs, the coupling is enhanced by as much as 20 dB by a semiconductor placed over the interaction region. The directivity is found to be greater than 40 dB.
Three new species of the diatom genus Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) from the prairie pothole lakes region of North Dakota, USA

The prairie pothole region of North America is characterized by a large number of lakes and wetlands created during the last glacial retreat. These waterbodies are characterized by their generally small sizes (70% of waterbodies are less than 0.4 ha), high densities (as many as 40 waterbodies km −2 ) and elevated but variable conductivities, ranging between 230–70,000 µS cm −1 . Although this region boasts a great number and diversity of habitats, few studies have investigated the diatom diversity present. Presented here are descriptions and illustrations of three new species from the genus Halamphora based on light microscope and scanning electron microscope observations. Halamphora pratensis was collected from Long Lake, Burleigh County, with a conductivity of 2187 µS cm −1 , and appears to be most closely allied with the common freshwater H . veneta group within the genus. Halamphora pertusa and H . attenuata were collected from Salt Alkaline Lake, Kidder County, with an elevated conductivity of 9811 µS cm −1 . Both of these taxa, although unique, exhibit some morphological similarity to several marine and estuarine species.
The prognostic value of standardized reference values for speckle-tracking global longitudinal strain in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Speckle-tracking left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) assessment may provide substantial prognostic information for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. Reference values for GLS have been recently published. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of standardized reference values for GLS in HCM patients. An analysis of HCM clinic patients who underwent GLS was performed. GLS was defined as normal (more negative or equal to −16 %) and abnormal (less negative than −16 %) based on recently published reference values. Patients were followed for a composite of events including heart failure hospitalization, sustained ventricular arrhythmia, and all-cause death. The power of GLS to predict outcomes was assessed relative to traditional clinical and echocardiographic variables present in HCM. 79 HCM patients were followed for a median of 22 months (interquartile range 9–30 months) after imaging. During follow-up, 15 patients (19 %) met the primary outcome. Abnormal GLS was the only echocardiographic variable independently predictive of the primary outcome [multivariate Hazard ratio 5.05 (95 % confidence interval 1.09–23.4, p = 0.038)]. When combined with traditional clinical variables, abnormal GLS remained independently predictive of the primary outcome [multivariate Hazard ratio 5.31 (95 % confidence interval 1.18–24, p = 0.030)]. In a model including the strongest clinical and echocardiographic predictors of the primary outcome, abnormal GLS demonstrated significant incremental benefit for risk stratification [net reclassification improvement 0.75 (95 % confidence interval 0.21–1.23, p < 0.0001)]. Abnormal GLS is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes in HCM patients. Standardized use of GLS may provide significant incremental value over traditional variables for risk stratification.
Genetic factors in calcium oxalate stone disease.

Idiopathic calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis is a complex, multifactorial disease resulting from an interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Urinary characteristics often associated with the disease include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hypocitraturia and hyperuricosuria. Roles have also been suggested for glycosaminoglycans, magnesium and several proteins in urine that may promote or inhibit stone formation. The relative contribution of these factors to stone disease is not known with any certainty. Furthermore, each of these components may be affected by environmental and genetic influences. Despite these complexities it is possible to dissect out genetic and environmental contributions. In particular, when the environmental factors are carefully controlled or assessed the genetic contribution may become evident. We will review evidence indicating that genetic factors may significantly affect the excretion of various analytes and suggest how these may influence the susceptibility of an individual to stone disease. The pattern of inheritance in the disease is polygenic and also suggests that only a limited number of genetic loci are involved. To support further the inference that only a limited number of loci are involved, we developed a computer model showing that with only 3 loci a pattern of inheritance is generated that simulates the observed inheritance of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in the population and among relatives of stone formers. The identification of the specific genes involved in calcium oxalate stone disease will not only lead to a greater understanding of how the disease develops but also assist in the evaluation of stone patients and in designing new therapeutic strategies.
The effects of different parameter regimes in geodynamo simulations

Over the past 10 years, geodynamo simulations have grown rapidly in sophistication. However, it is still necessary to make certain approximations in order to maintain numerical stability. In addition, models are forced to make assumptions about poorly known parameters for the Earth's core. Different magnetic Prandtl numbers have been used and different assumptions about the presence of radiogenic heating have been made. This study examines some of the consequences of different approximations and assumptions using the Glatzmaier–Roberts geodynamo model. Here, we show that the choice of magnetic Prandtl number has a greater influence on the character of the magnetic field produced than the addition of a plausible amount of radiogenic heating. In particular, we find that prescribing a magnetic Prandtl number of unity with Ekman number limited by current computing resources, results in magnetic fields with significantly smaller intensities and variabilities compared with the much more Earth-like results obtai...
A summary of the HORNET project: a next-generation metropolitan area network

Metropolitan area networks are currently undergoing an evolution aimed at more efficiently transport of data-oriented traffic. However, the incoming generation of metro networks is based on conventional technology, which prevents them scaling cost-effectively to ultrahigh capacities. We have developed a new architecture and set of protocols for the next generation of metro networks. The architecture, named HORNET (hybrid optoelectronic ring network), is a packet-over-wavelength-division multiplexing ring network that utilizes fast-tunable packet transmitters and wavelength routing to enable it to scale cost-effectively to ultrahigh capacities. A control-channel-based media access control (MAC) protocol enables the network nodes to share the bandwidth of the network while preventing collisions. The MAC protocol is designed to transport variable-sized packets and to provide fairness control to all network end users. The efficiency and the fairness of the MAC protocol is demonstrated with custom-designed simulations. The implementation of the MAC protocol and the survivability of the network have been demonstrated in a laboratory experimental testbed. The article summarizes the accomplishments of the HORNET project, including the design, analysis, and demonstration of a metro architecture and a set of protocols. The HORNET architecture is an excellent candidate for next-generation high-capacity metro networks.
Segmentation of Publication Records of Authors from the Web

Publication records are often found in the authors personal home pages. If such a record is partitioned into a list of semantic fields of authors, title, date, etc., the unstructured texts can be converted into structured data, which can be used in other applications. In this paper, we present PEPURS, a publication record segmentation system. It adopts a novel "Split and Merge" strategy. A publication record is split into segments; multiple statistical classifiers compute their likelihoods of belonging to different fields; finally adjacent segments are merged if they belong to the same field. PEPURS introduces the punctuation marks and their neighboring texts as a new feature to distinguish different roles of the marks. PEPURS yields high accuracy scores in experiments.
Differentiation of Arabidopsis guard cells: analysis of the networks incorporating the basic helix-loop helix transcription factor, FAMA

Nearly all extant land plants possess stomata, the epidermal structures that mediate gas exchange between the plant and the environment. The developmental pathways, cell division patterns, and molecules employed in the generation of these structures are simple examples of processes used in many developmental contexts. One specific module is a set of "master regulator" basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that regulate individual consecutive steps in stomatal development. Here, we profile transcriptional changes in response to inducible expression of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) FAMA, a basic helix-loop-helix protein whose actions during the final stage in stomatal development regulate both cell division and cell fate. Genes identified by microarray and candidate approaches were then further analyzed to test specific hypothesis about the activity of FAMA, the shape of its regulatory network, and to create a new set of stomata-specific or stomata-enriched reporters.
Productivity and efficiency impacts of human resources practices in food retailing

Data from an annual survey of US supermarkets including detailed information on store characteristics, operations, and performance are used to develop an index of Human Resource (HR) practices for food retailers. A stochastic frontier analysis demonstrates that HR policies have a positive impact on value added in food retailing establishments while efficiency is not adversely influenced by HR practices. Managerial implications of the model link technical inefficiency estimates for retailers to slight declines in store level gross margins. Evaluated on the basis of technical efficiency, retailers choosing a portfolio of HR practices that score high on the HR index are able to match the performance of competitors pursuing an alternative low HR strategy.
Two‐Dimensional Echocardiographic Identification of Pacing Catheter‐Induced Thrombosis

We describe a case in which pacing catheter-induced thrombosis of ihe great veins is demonstrated by two-dimensional real-time echocardiography
Optimism and Pessimism as Predictors of Alcohol Use Trajectories in Adolescence

A range of research has recognized the benefits of optimism in a variety of health-related outcomes. Pessimism has received less attention but may be a distinct concept that is uniquely related to certain health behaviors, including drug use. The present study examined relationships between optimism and pessimism and alcohol use trajectories of adolescents using latent growth modeling. Results suggest that optimism was negatively associated with alcohol use at age 14, but pessimism was negatively associated with alcohol use at that age for boys. Findings illustrate the importance of perceptions about the future to patterns of alcohol use at younger ages.
Combination Therapy With an Anti–IL-1β Antibody and GAD65 DNA Vaccine Can Reverse Recent-Onset Diabetes in the RIP-GP Mouse Model

Type 1 diabetes is thought to be an autoimmune condition in which self-reactive T cells attack insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells. As a proinflammatory cytokine produced by β-cells or macrophages, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) represents a potential therapeutic target in diabetes. We reasoned IL-1β blockade could be combined with islet antigen–specific approaches involving GAD of 65 kDa (GAD65)-expressing plasmids, as previously shown in combination therapies (CTs) with anti-CD3. Thus, we investigated whether anti–IL-1β antibody alone or combined with GAD65 vaccine could reverse diabetes development in a virus-induced mouse model. Given alone, anti–IL-1β had no effect on diabetes, while GAD65 plasmid resulted in 33% disease reversal after a 5-week observation. However, CTs cured 53% of animals and prevented worsening of glycemic control in nonprotected individuals for up to 12 weeks. While the GAD65 vaccine arm of the CT was associated with increased forkhead box p3+ regulatory T-cell frequency in pancreatic lymph nodes, islet infiltration by CD11b+/high cells was less frequent upon CT, and its extent correlated with treatment success or failure. Altogether, our CTs provided prolonged improvement of clinical and immunological features. Despite unsuccessful clinical trials using anti–IL-1β monotherapy, these data hold promise for treatment of type 1 diabetic patients with IL-1β blockade combined with antigen-specific vaccines.
Discovery of a Direct Ras Inhibitor by Screening a Combinatorial Library of Cell-Permeable Bicyclic Peptides

Cyclic peptides have great potential as therapeutic agents and research tools. However, their applications against intracellular targets have been limited, because cyclic peptides are generally impermeable to the cell membrane. It was previously shown that fusion of cyclic peptides with a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide resulted in cell-permeable bicyclic peptides that are proteolytically stable and biologically active in cellular assays. In this work, we tested the generality of the bicyclic approach by synthesizing a combinatorial library of 5.7 × 106 bicyclic peptides featuring a degenerate sequence in the first ring and an invariant cell-penetrating peptide in the second ring. Screening of the library against oncoprotein K-Ras G12V followed by hit optimization produced a moderately potent and cell-permeable K-Ras inhibitor, which physically blocks the Ras-effector interactions in vitro, inhibits the signaling events downstream of Ras in cancer cells, and induces apoptosis of the cancer cells. Our appr...
Characteristics, Clinical Relevance, and the Role of Echinocandins in Fungal–Bacterial Interactions

Fungal-bacterial interactions are common in the environment. The interactions between invasive fungi (eg, Candida species and Aspergillus species) and pathogenic bacteria can be particularly significant in the outcome of human infections. Study of these interactions in vivo using murine or invertebrate models, such as Caenorhabditis elegans or Galleria mellonella, has been very helpful in increasing our understanding of the pathogenesis of mixed infections and in identifying ways to use this between-kingdom interplay to our advantage. Based on their effect against fungal biofilms and their immunomodulatory properties, the newer class of antifungal agents, known as echinocandins, has the potential to be useful in polymicrobial infections and in high-risk complex infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia or sepsis where colonization by fungi can lead to worse outcomes.
Developments May Lead SEC to Ban Certain Tax Services Under Sarbanes-Oxley Independence Rules

Section 201 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act amends the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by adding new section 10A(g) to curtail provision of certain non-audit services by an audit firm during the audit period. In addition to prohibiting eight categories of non-audit services, section 10A(g) grants a new accounting oversight board discretion to ban additional non-audit services, subject to SEC approval. Furthermore, the Act adds new section 10A(h), which requires audit committee pre-approval of auditor provision of other non-audit services (including tax services). This article focuses on the SEC's consideration of tax consulting services in its promulgation of final rules under Section 201 of the Act, further developing a key position that I expressed, together with other law professors, in letters to the SEC commenting on the proposing release. In particular, the article evaluates the SEC's historic position on tax services, as reflected in the proposing release, and the areas of potential conflict outlined in the proposing release. The article briefly analyzes the position taken by the SEC in the release adopting final rules in late February, noting the cautionary tone in the adopting release that suggests continuing doubts about auditor provision of non-routine tax services. The article then considers further developments that have brought renewed attention to independence concerns. In conclusion, the article suggests that the SEC may revisit the extent of permissible tax services and questions whether the interest in these matters will lead to increased scrutiny of financial institutions' activities in the coming months.
Spartan: a spectral and entropy-based partial-scan and test point insertion algorithm

We propose a new partial-scan algorithm and two new test point insertion (TPI) algorithms, TPI1 and TPI2, to improve the testability, reduce the test volume, and reduce the test application time of the circuit-under-test (CUT). The partial-scan algorithm and the test point insertion algorithms use toggling rates of the flip-flops and the candidate test point lines, analyzed using digital signal processing (DSP) methods, and Shannon entropy measures of flip-flops and candidate test point lines to select scan flip-flops and test points. We also discovered a new and the most potent combination of design-for-testability (DFT) and sequential automatic test-pattern generation (ATPG) algorithms. Testing of complex circuits is time consuming and extremely difficult. Most circuit designs employ full-scan to alleviate the testability problems. Full-scan has two advantages. It uses a combinational ATPG for test generation and full-scan can be used to scan out the states of the CUT for post-silicon debug. But, full-scan requires long scan-in and scan-out sequences, thus resulting in longer testing times, leading to increased test power and test cost. Another disadvantage of using full-scan is increased delay on the critical paths of the CUT usually by 5 to 10%. The flip-flops on the critical path will have extra hardware. Partial-scan with test points can help reduce test volume and test application time and achieve very high fault coverages (FCs). This reduces the test time and lowers the test power because the partial-scan chain requires shorter scan-in and scan-out sequences. Also, by avoiding scanning of flip-flops and addition of test points on critical paths, the CUT can operate without any extra delay. The average test volume of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI1 (excluding s38417) is 17.23% shorter than full-scan with TRAN and the average test volume of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI2 (excluding s38417) is 7.55% shorter than full-scan with TRAN. SPARTAN's average test application time (excluding s38417) with partial-scan only is 44.30% longer than full-scan with TRAN. The average test application time of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI1 (excluding s38417) is 18.05% shorter than full-scan with TRAN and the average test application time of SPARTAN partial-scan with TPI2 (excluding s38417) is 8.71% shorter than full-scan with TRAN.
How Do Accelerators Select Startups? Shifting Decision Criteria Across Stages

Competitive accelerators can help startups overcome resource constraints and the liability of newness, but they are also highly selective when choosing startups. However, little is known about how a top accelerator selects startups and what the decision criteria are in that process. Here, we analyze a unique dataset of the real profiles of the startups that applied to the first seed accelerator in Southeast Asia and the accelerator's decisions to uncover the selection process and latent criteria. We used a scoreboard of 30 criteria based on the real-win-worth (Is it real? Can it win? Is it worth doing?) framework to compare the profiles of the selected versus the rejected startups. Our analyses revealed that accelerator managers’ implicit decision criteria shifted from eight real or win criteria in the initial screening of many startups to another four win or worth criteria in the final selection of a small number of startups. These critical criteria were further used to build regression models that predict screening and selection results. Understanding the shifting decision criteria may inform accelerator managers of their own subconscious preferences to improve the decision process, and as a result also increase entrepreneurs’ empathy toward accelerator managers to sharpen their applications.
Pulmonary Metastasectomy from Testicular Germ Cell Tumor -A case report-

This is a report of successful management for pulmonary metastasis following chemotherapy in patient with testicular germ cell tumor. Postchemotherapy PET-CT was not uptake FDG in metastatic lesion. Pulmonary metastasectomy was performed, which is important to manage a residual postchemotherapy lung mass in testicular germ cell tumor for histological correlation with primary testicular lesion to select the patients who require subsequent chemotherapy. Our patient was well 6 months after operation, not carried out chemotherapy because of no viable tumor.
Just-in-time mental health training and surveillance for the project HOPE mission

ABSTRACT Background: Immediately before the first sailing of the USS Mercy/Project HOPE relief mission to Southeast Asia, the mission leadership initiated presailing orientation and training and a program of survey-based health surveillance for mission participants. The training and surveillance efforts included a focus on mental health aspects of the mission. Methods: At the conclusion of the predeployment mental health training, a voluntary, anonymous, predeployment survey was administered to members of the Project HOPE team. A second survey was administered ∼3 months after return from the mission. The surveys were also administered before and after the second sailing of the USS Mercy/Project HOPE mission, although the training was not repeated. Results: The sample size prevented statistical analysis of predeployment and postdeployment rates of illness; however, there was no evidence of incidence beyond population baseline rates. Responses to questions regarding perceptions of mission success and person...
Vascular Trauma Operative Experience is Inadequate in General Surgery Programs.

Background Vascular injuries may be challenging, particularly for surgeons who have not received formal vascular surgery fellowship training. Lack of experience and improper technique can result in significant complications. The objective of this study was to examine changes in resident experience with operative vascular trauma over time. Methods A retrospective review was performed using Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case logs of general surgery residents graduating between 2004 and 2014 at 2 academic, university-affiliated institutions associated with level 1 trauma centers. The primary outcome was number of reported vascular trauma operations, stratified by year of graduation and institution. Results A total of 112 residents graduated in the study period with a median 7 (interquartile range 4.5–13.5) vascular trauma cases per resident. Fasciotomy and exposure and/or repair of peripheral vessels constituted the bulk of the operative volume. Linear regression showed no significant trend in cases with respect to year of graduation ( P = 0.266). Residents from program A ( n = 53) reported a significantly higher number of vascular trauma cases when compared with program B ( n = 59): 12.0 vs. 5.0 cases, respectively ( P Conclusions Level 1 trauma center verification does not guarantee sufficient exposure to vascular trauma. The operative exposure in program B is reflective of the national average of 4.0 cases per resident as reported by the ACGME, and this trend is unlikely to change in the near future. Fellowship training may be critical for surgeons who plan to work in a trauma setting, particularly in areas lacking vascular surgeons.
Advanced Dipole Borehole Acoustic Processing – Rock Physics And Geomechanics Applications

Today’s advanced borehole acoustic analysis not only enhances the rock physic characteristics of shale gas plays but it also provides new insights in geomechanics applications and fracture identification. Current borehole acoustic tools can detect the azimuthal and transverse shear wave intrinsic rock anisotropy. They also help identify stress-sensitive formations and help in the evaluation of natural fractures, those that intersect the borehole as well as those that do not.
Tethered nanoparticle-polymer composites: phase stability and curvature.

Phase behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) tethered silica nanoparticles dispersed in PEG hosts is investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering. Phase separation in dispersions of densely grafted nanoparticles is found to display strikingly different small-angle X-ray scattering signatures in comparison to phase-separated composites comprised of bare or sparsely grafted nanoparticles. A general diagram for the dispersion state and phase stability of polymer tethered nanoparticle–polymer composites incorporating results from this as well as various other contemporary studies is presented. We show that in the range of moderate to high grafting densities the dispersion state of nanoparticles in composites is largely insensitive to the grafting density of the tethered chains and chemistry of the polymer host. Instead, the ratio of the particle diameter to the size of the tethered chain and the ratio of the molecular weights of the host and tethered polymer chains (P/N) are shown to play a dominant role....
The Price of Sunshine: Open Dependency Courts and Their Risks to LGBTQ Child Abuse and Neglect Victims

The following analysis surveys the vast child and adolescent psychiatric evidence regarding the significant risks that LGBTQ youth suffer from the fear of disclosure and/or the actual publicity of their sexual orientation once child dependency proceedings are presumptively opened to the media and the public in general.
Clinical effect of α-asarone in add-on treatment of infantile asthmatic bronchitis

Objective: To observe the clinical effect and side effect of α asarone in add on treatment of infantile asthmatic bronchitis Methods: 188 Cases of infantile asthmatic bronchitis patients were divided randomly into two groups 62 cases of control group were treated with routine therapy The treat group with 128 cases was add on treated with α asarone everyday 0 5～1 0 mg/(kg d) in three to nine days Results: The course of antitussive, wheezing relief, disappearance of pulmonary wheeze rale and length of stay in the treat group was shorter than in the control group ( P 0 01) Conclusion:α Asarone is a effective medicine in add on treatment of infantile asthmatic bronchitis
Proximally Directed Double-looped Epididymis and Vas Deferens Simulating Vas Duplication: The Importance of Precise Definition of Abnormal Ductal Anatomy in Cryptorchidism.

Objective Epididymal and vasal abnormalities are frequently recognized with undescended testes. The most common defect identified is the extended or elongated epididymis, an anomaly in which the epididymal tail extends distally beyond the testis before looping back upon itself, then following its normal course. Although the impact on fertility has not been established, the necessity of recognizing these vaso-epididymal abnormalities surgically is obvious as these frequently simulate a blind-ending spermatic cord leading to inadvertent excision or leaving the unseen testis more proximally in the abdomen. With this in mind, we describe a more complex vaso-epididymal structural abnormality with proximal extension of the epididymis and vas simulating duplication of these structures. Methods The varied surgical findings of a proximally directed double-looped abnormal epididymis and vas deferens associated with cryptorchid testes were identified in 15 children. In all instances, the epididymis extended proximally up the spermatic cord for at least 4 cm, simulating reduplication of the vas deferens and leading to bizarre ductal anatomy and confusing anatomical findings. Results In our practice, a number of abnormalities of the vaso-epididymal structures have been defined, but we isolated a number of situations in which identification of a proximally directed double-looped epididymis was noted during surgical exploration for cryptorchidism. Our review demonstrated several situations such as this where misidentification could have resulted in inadvertent transection of the vas deferens. Conclusion The need for recognition of these unusual ductal abnormalities associated with cryptorchid testes is re-emphasized by these extreme examples to prevent surgical mishaps at orchidopexy.
Commerce, Contagion, and Cleanliness

I trust that the learned practitioners of Europe and America … will easily detect the fallacy of the doctrine of the contagious nature of the yellow fever; and that disease being proved … not contagious, will no longer subject our city to the fear, or the terrors of foreigners, and to the injurious effects that such a belief has upon our commerce, our wealth, and our population. John L. E. W. Shecut, 1819 It is the object and interest of all commercial societies to establish, if possible, the non-contagious character of all diseases; and for the very plain reason, that the restrictions necessary to prevent the extension of such diseases, are calculated to interrupt free intercourse between commercial cities. Benjamin B. Strobel, 1840 A COMMERCIAL PROBLEM In the nineteenth-century South, as Margaret Humphreys has noted, “yellow fever was above all a commercial problem.” That was also true before the nineteenth century for ports all along the Atlantic coast, but during the early nineteenth century it became an acute commercial problem for Charleston, as the local economy began to stagnate and then decline. Although the disease killed many more people in other places, especially New Orleans, the economic malaise of Charleston and its hinterland magnified the perception of yellow fever as a commercial catastrophe. During the eighteenth century, smallpox could also shut down the port and cut off trade by land and sea. But there was a major difference. Smallpox struck Charleston less often than yellow fever and it was easily recognizable.
Salt Adaptation Mechanisms in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6311

A hypothesis for how cyanobacteria become salt tolerant is being developed. The major steps and temporal sequence involved in adaptation by the fresh water cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6311 to 0.6 M NaCl are: sodium entry----membrane detachment of phycobilisomes----inhibition of photosynthetic activity and growth----utilization of cell energy reserves (phycobiliproteins, other proteins)----after four hours photosynthetic activity starts to increase reaching a net 100% enhancement----massive accumulation of osmoticum in the form of soluble sugars (sucrose and glucose) and K+, continued Na+ extrusion which commences soon after salt shock----accumulation of massive reserves of major energy storage, temporal for glycogen, permanent of phycobiliproteins----salt adaptation.
Preferred Types of Communication Indicated by Parents and Teachers of Emotionally Disturbed Students.

This study investigated the communication preferences indicated by parents and teachers of emotionally disturbed students in a selected sample from four states. A chi-square test of independence was used as the means of rational analysis of the responses to a questionnaire listing the 20 most common types of communication used by parents and teachers. Responses from the parents and teachers indicated that their preferences differed at the .05 level of significance on half (10) of the types of communication. Priority rankings of preferences from highest to lowest for both groups were also reported. Communication in education in general and special education in particular has been, and continues to be, a major concern of parents and educators alike (Lillie & Place, 1982; MacMillan T Lillie & Place, 1982; MacMillan & Turnbull, 1983; Shevin, 1983; Yoshida, Fenton, Kaufman, & Maxwell, 1978; Yoshida & Gottlieb, 1977). Communication between parents and teachers in special education is no doubt improving through increased oppor tunities and sincere efforts on the part of both parties. However, communication in the area of the emotionally disturbed continues to concern professionals and parents involved with the handicapping area (Magnusson & McCarney, 1980). The virtual absence of parent groups representing the handicap of emotional disturbance and the limited professional literature on the subject are evidence that underrepresentation and limited interaction continue to constitute the situation for parents and teachers. This study was an attempt to provide information regarding the preferred types of communication for parents and teachers involved in the area of the emotionally disturbed. Additionally, a parent communication survey form was developed to aid in the identification of individual parent preferences in order to maximize parent satisfaction with the communi cation process.
Communication: Wigner functions in action-angle variables, Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization, the Heisenberg correspondence principle, and a symmetrical quasi-classical approach to the full electronic density matrix.

It is pointed out that the classical phase space distribution in action-angle (a-a) variables obtained from a Wigner function depends on how the calculation is carried out: if one computes the standard Wigner function in Cartesian variables (p, x), and then replaces p and x by their expressions in terms of a-a variables, one obtains a different result than if the Wigner function is computed directly in terms of the a-a variables. Furthermore, the latter procedure gives a result more consistent with classical and semiclassical theory—e.g., by incorporating the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition (quantum states defined by integer values of the action variable) as well as the Heisenberg correspondence principle for matrix elements of an operator between such states—and has also been shown to be more accurate when applied to electronically non-adiabatic applications as implemented within the recently developed symmetrical quasi-classical (SQC) Meyer-Miller (MM) approach. Moreover, use of the Wigner function (obtained directly) in a-a variables shows how our standard SQC/MM approach can be used to obtain off-diagonal elements of the electronic density matrix by processing in a different way the same set of trajectories already used (in the SQC/MM methodology) to obtain the diagonal elements.