cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Convective Nucleate Boiling on a Heated Surface Cooled by an Impinging, Planar Jet of Water

Convective nucleate boiling has been studied on a flat, upward facing, constant heat flux surface cooled by a planar, impinging water jet. Surface temperature distributions are presented for jet velocities between 1.8 and 4.5 m/s, fluid temperatures of 30, 40, and 50°C, and heat fluxes between 0.25 and 2.5 MW/m2 . Although the critical Reynolds number, Rex*,c , is independent of heat flux for q” < q”ONB , boiling incipience strongly affects the transition to a turbulent boundary layer. As the heat flux increases, vapor bubbles of 1 mm diameter first appear at the point of maximum surface temperature, which also marks the onset of boundary layer turbulence. The leading edge of these bubbles moves toward the stagnation line and Rex*,c decreases with further increases in heat flux. Acceleration in the stagnation region stabilizes the flow, however, so that boundary layer turbulence is restricted to x/wj ≳ 1.6. With increasing heat flux, vigorous nucleate boiling covers more of the heater and surface temperature variations decrease.
An overview of quasi-optical power combining: were we are and how we got here

There is a continuing and unmet need for high power, solid-state sources at microwave and millimeter wavelengths. At microwave frequencies, transmission line or cavity combiners have been successful, but at millimeter wavelengths this approach has problems in terms of losses, power output and dimensional tolerances. In the past few years, significant efforts have been carried out to develop planar arrays of solid-state oscillators in order to produce spatial power combining. These structures have used open Fabry-Perot as well as conventional transmission lines for combining the active devices, to proved feedback for coherent locking of the individual oscillating devices and to couple energy to an electromagnetic wavebeam. In addition a new class of hybrid planar quasi-optical waveguides and resonators are under investigation for power combining. Active devices utilized have included two terminal GUNN or IMPATT diodes as oscillators, and three terminal devices such as FETs or HEMTs as both oscillators and amplifiers. With three terminal devices currently being more popular. This presentation discusses architectures under active investigation.
Complete remission of primary plasma cell leukemia with bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone: a case report

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder considered to be a variant of multiple myeloma. It is an aggressive disease with a poor clinical response to standard chemotherapeutic agents. A novel regimen consisting of bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone is currently under active evaluation for the treatment of multiple myeloma. We employed this combination as front-line chemoinduction therapy for a case of primary PCL. Complete remission was achieved with rapid normalization of hematologic parameters. The combination of bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone demonstrates promise in the treatment of PCL.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overview: prevalence, pathogenesis, and treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the current clinical data on the prevalence, pathogenesis, staging, and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). DATA SOURCES: This article reviews the results of published studies and presents data from current guidelines and expert opinion. CONCLUSIONS: An insidious disorder that is asymptomatic early, COPD (the preferred term for patients with chronic bronchitis and emphysema) prevalence has increased in recent decades, adding a significant burden to patients and the health care system. COPD, an inflammatory disorder secondary to the chronic inhalation of principally tobacco smoke, induces a progressive deterioration in pulmonary function with a marked increase in morbidity and mortality over time. The signs and symptoms of COPD, which appear in many patients only after forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) is <50% predicted, should not be confused with asthma, because these two diseases display grossly different inflammatory processes, etiologies, clinical courses, responses to treatment, and outcomes. The effective management of COPD relies primarily on early identification, changing smoking habits, and the use of bronchodilators to improve pulmonary function, symptoms, acute exacerbation rate, quality of life, mortality, and comorbidities. With early detection and aggressive treatment, the natural history of this disease can be improved. Office spirometry for all smokers and ex-smokers as well as those with respiratory symptoms is mandatory as a means of achieving early diagnosis and improving long-term outcomes.
Young Adults’ Race, Wealth, and Entrepreneurship

This study explored relationships among young adults’ wealth and entrepreneurial activities with emphasis on how these relationships differed among racial and ethnic groups. Using data from the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, results indicated that young adults’ (N = 8984) higher accumulated amounts of wealth were associated with pursuing self-employment at higher rates; however, differences emerged when the associations were explored with various types of wealth and within racial and ethnic groups. Black young adults’ greater debt and net worth were associated with their increased likelihoods of self-employment. Among Latino/a young adults, greater liquid assets and net worth were associated with increased likelihoods of self-employment. Wealth was unrelated to white young adults’ self-employment. Wealth appeared to play an outsized role in the self-employment of black and Latino/a young adults compared to that of their white counterparts. In other words, racial and ethnic minority young adults may have a heavier burden for generating their own capital to embark on entrepreneurial activities when mainstream credit markets are unresponsive or inaccessible. Policy implications are discussed.
Redesigning human 2'-deoxycytidine kinase enantioselectivity for L-nucleoside analogues as reporters in positron emission tomography.

Recent advances in nuclear medicine have allowed for positron emission tomography (PET) to track transgenes in cell-based therapies using PET reporter gene/probe pairs. A promising example for such reporter gene/probe pairs are engineered nucleoside kinases that effectively phosphorylate isotopically labeled nucleoside analogues. Upon expression in target cells, the kinase facilitates the intracellular accumulation of radionuclide monophosphate, which can be detected by PET imaging. We have employed computational design for the semi-rational engineering of human 2′-deoxycytidine kinase to create a reporter gene with selectivity for l-nucleosides including l-thymidine and 1-(2′-fluoro-5-methyl-β-l-arabinofuranosyl) uracil. Our design strategy relied on a combination of preexisting data from kinetic and structural studies of native kinases, as well as two small, focused libraries of kinase variants to generate an in silico model for assessing the effects of single amino acid changes on favorable activation ...
Quantitation of Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Normal Subjects and Subjects with Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes by 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

To examine the extent to which the defect in insulin action in subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) can be accounted for by impairment of muscle glycogen synthesis, we performed combined hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp studies with [13C]glucose in five subjects with NIDDM and in six age- and weight-matched healthy subjects. The rate of incorporation of intravenously infused [1-13C]glucose into muscle glycogen was measured directly in the gastrocnemius muscle by means of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer with a 15.5-minute time resolution and a 13C surface coil. The steady-state plasma concentrations of insulin (approximately 400 pmol per liter) and glucose (approximately 10 mmol per liter) were similar in both study groups. The mean (+/- SE) rate of glycogen synthesis, as determined by 13C NMR, was 78 +/- 28 and 183 +/- 39 mumol-glucosyl units per kilogram of muscle tissue (wet weight) per minute in the diabetic and normal subjects, respectively (P less than 0.05). The mean glucose uptake was markedly reduced in the diabetic (30 +/- 4 mumol per kilogram per minute) as compared with the normal subjects (51 +/- 3 mumol per kilogram per minute; P less than 0.005). The mean rate of nonoxidative glucose metabolism was 22 +/- 4 mumol per kilogram per minute in the diabetic subjects and 42 +/- 4 mumol per kilogram per minute in the normal subjects (P less than 0.005). When these rates are extrapolated to apply to the whole body, the synthesis of muscle glycogen would account for most of the total-body glucose uptake and all of the nonoxidative glucose metabolism in both normal and diabetic subjects. We conclude that muscle glycogen synthesis is the principal pathway of glucose disposal in both normal and diabetic subjects and that defects in muscle glycogen synthesis have a dominant role in the insulin resistance that occurs in persons with NIDDM.
Transcatheter closure of multiple secundum atrial septal defects using Amplatzer septal occluder: a preliminary result of clinical application

Objective To evaluate efficiency and safety of transcatheter closure of multiple secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) using Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) Methods There were 8 patients with multiple ASDs (1 male, and 7 female) The mean age is 36 6±17 3 years(ranging from11 to 56 years), and the mean weight is 60 1±19 5 kg (ranging from 28 to 90 kg) Guided by X ray fluoroscopy and echocardiography, one atrial septal defect was implanted to close both bigger defect and smaller one in all cases Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), ECG, X ray examination were repeated after the procedures as follow up to evaluate the safety and efficiency Results The placement of the occluders were successful in all 8 patients There were 1 case of transient ST segment elevating during operation, and there was no mortality or emergent surgery 4 occluders were selected by balloon stretched diameter, and 4 on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) measured diameter The mean diameter of the occluders used was 22 4±7 0 mm (ranging from 13 to 34 mm) Immediately after the procedures, TEE/TTE confirmed that the bigger defects were occluded completely in all cases, but there were trial or small residual shunts of small defects in 5 cases (62 5%) The residual shunts were present in 3 cases(37 5%) 24 h after the procedure There were still 2 cases (25%) with residual shunt during short time flow up,but the RVEDDs were decreased to normal Conclusion Transcatheter closure of multiple secundum ASDs using Amplatzer septal occluder is safe and efficient, and the long time follow up remains to be
An Retrospectively Analysis on Results of Serum Sodium Valproate Concentration Monitoring on Children with Epilepsy

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlations of serum sodium valproate concentration in epileptic children with clinical therapeutic effect,dosage,dosage form,sex,age and body weight.METHODS Our clinical pharmacy room's 337 cases monitoring records of serum sodium valproate concentration in children with epilepsy were researched retrospectively and data as concentrations,sex,age etc were put into data base,which were analyzed and treated by SPSS 13.0 software.RESULTS No significant correlation was noted between serum sodium valproate concentration in epileptic children and sex,however it was closely correlated with therapeutic effect,dosage,dosage form,age and body weight.CONCLUSION The individual difference in the metabolic processes of sodium valproate within individual patient was obvious,so it's necessary to make individualized remedy according to patients' specific condition and monitoring result.
Orbital monitoring of martian surface changes

Abstract A history of martian surface changes is documented by a sequence of global mosaics made up of Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera daily color images from 1999 to 2006, together with a single mosaic from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mars Color Imager in 2009. These observations show that changes in the global albedo patterns of Mars take place by a combination of dust storms and strong winds. Many of the observed surface changes took place along the tracks of seasonally repeating winter dust storms cataloged by Wang and Richardson (2015). These storms tend to sweep dust towards the equator, progressively shifting albedo boundaries and continuing surface changes that began before the arrival of MGS. The largest and most conspicuous changes took place during the global dust storm of 2001 (MY 25), which blanketed Syrtis Major, stripped dust from the Tharsis region, and injected dust into Solis Planum. High wind speeds but low wind stresses are predicted in Syrtis, Tharsis and Solis by the NASA Ames GCM. Frequent changes in these regions show that dust accumulations are quickly removed by stronger winds that are not predicted by the GCM, but may result from smaller-scale influences such as unresolved topography.
Characterization of an intracellular alkaline shift in rat astrocytes triggered by metabotropic glutamate receptors.

Amos, Brian J. and Mitchell Chesler. Characterization of an intracellular alkaline shift in rat astrocytes triggered by metabotropic glutamate receptors. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 695–703, 1998. The mod...
Direct photon spectra and azimuthal anisotropy

The transverse momentum distribution and azimuthal anisotropy of direct photon production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV were measured in the PHENIX experiment at RHIC. Through the external conversion method, earlier yield and v2 measurements were extended down to pT = 0.4 GeV/c. For the first time the third order Fourier coefficient, v3 was measured. The yield shows a large, exponential excess above prompt photon production. v2 is consistent with that of hadrons at low pT. v3 is about 50% the size of v2. Current models cannot describe simultaneously the large observed yield and azimuthal anisotropy.
WE-AB-209-09: Optimization of Rotational Arc Station Parameter Optimized Radiation Therapy

Purpose: To develop a fast optimization method for station parameter optimized radiation therapy (SPORT) and show that SPORT is capable of improving VMAT in both plan quality and delivery efficiency. Methods: The angular space from 0° to 360° was divided into 180 station points (SPs). A candidate aperture was assigned to each of the SPs based on the calculation results using a column generation algorithm. The weights of the apertures were then obtained by optimizing the objective function using a state-of-the-art GPU based Proximal Operator Graph Solver (POGS) within seconds. Apertures with zero or low weight were thrown out. To avoid being trapped in a local minimum, a stochastic gradient descent method was employed which also greatly increased the convergence rate of the objective function. The above procedure repeated until the plan could not be improved any further. A weighting factor associated with the total plan MU also indirectly controlled the complexities of aperture shapes. The number of apertures for VMAT and SPORT was confined to 180. The SPORT allowed the coexistence of multiple apertures in a single SP. The optimization technique was assessed by using three clinical cases (prostate, H&N and brain). Results: Marked dosimetric quality improvement was demonstrated in the SPORT plans for all three studied cases. Prostate case: the volume of the 50% prescription dose was decreased by 22% for the rectum. H&N case: SPORT improved the mean dose for the left and right parotids by 15% each. Brain case: the doses to the eyes, chiasm and inner ears were all improved. SPORT shortened the treatment time by ∼1 min for the prostate case, ∼0.5 min for brain case, and ∼0.2 min for the H&N case. Conclusion: The superior dosimetric quality and delivery efficiency presented here indicates that SPORT is an intriguing alternative treatment modality.
FPVI: A scalable method for discovering privacy vulnerabilities in microdata

Governments are increasingly interested in making their data accessible through open data platforms to promote transparency and economic growth. At the same time, recent efforts towards personalized healthcare and smart transportation aim to analyze individuals' data, such as electronic medical records and user mobility patterns, to derive important insights. The implementation of a smart city largely depends on the ability to extract knowledge from person-specific data. This, however, may come at a cost to individuals' privacy. In this paper we propose FPVI, a fast algorithm for discovering privacy vulnerabilities in relational data. FPVI operates in a multi-threaded fashion to index and scan the data for vulnerabilities, while pruning the search space to boost performance. Our experimental evaluation shows that FPVI outperforms the state-of-the-art method and can analyze datasets of 11 million records and 20 attributes in less than 9 minutes.
The Double Parallel Curriculum in Palliative Care: Teaching Learners to Teach End-of-Life Care at the Bedside.

Context:Dying is a natural process, yet physicians are often uncomfortable caring for dying patients. Learners have limited exposure to curriculum on caring for dying patients and often navigate these encounters without appropriate skills and confidence. We developed and implemented the Double Parallel Curriculum in Palliative Care (DP-PC): End-of-Life (EOL) module. The DP-PC focuses on teaching third-year medical students (MS3) to not only take care of patients in their last hours of life but give learners the confidence to teach patient’s families what to expect as they hold vigil at their loved one’s bedside.Objectives:To develop and implement an educational intervention that improves learners’ knowledge and confidence in EOL patient and family care. To expand learner confidence to a dual level (learners become teachers) with a simplified and culturally sensitive electronic bedside teaching tool designed to guide learners and patients/families conversations.Methods:Curriculum was completed during MS3 a...
Stuart Shapiro, Analysis and Public Policy: Successes, Failures and Directions for Reform

In this outstanding book, Stuart Shapiro transcends the long-standing impasse in the academic literature about the value of various analysis tools – cost‒benefit analysis in particular – and moves ...
Burden of Psychosocial and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

BACKGROUND Impairments in psychosocial status and cognition relate to poor clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, how often these conditions co-occur and associations between burden of psychosocial and cognitive impairment and quality of life (QoL) have not been systematically examined in patients with AF. METHODS A total of 218 patients with symptomatic AF were enrolled in a prospective study of AF and psychosocial factors between May 2013 and October 2014 at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center. Cognitive function, depression, and anxiety were assessed at baseline and AF-specific QoL was assessed 6 months after enrollment using validated instruments. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from a structured interview and medical record review. RESULTS The mean age of the study participants was 63.5 ± 10.2 years, 35% were male, and 81% had paroxysmal AF. Prevalences of impairment in 1, 2, and 3 psychosocial/cognitive domains (eg, depression, anxiety, or cognition) were 75 (34.4%), 51 (23.4%), and 16 (7.3%), respectively. Patients with co-occurring psychosocial/cognitive impairments (eg, >1 domain) were older, more likely to smoke, had less education, and were more likely to have heart failure (all P < 0.05). Compared with participants with no psychosocial/cognitive impairments, AF-specific QoL at 6 months was significantly poorer among participants with baseline impairment in 2 (B = -13.6, 95% CI: -21.7 to -5.4) or 3 (B = -15.1, 95% CI: -28.0 to -2.2) psychosocial/cognitive domains. CONCLUSION Depression, anxiety, and impaired cognition were common in our cohort of patients with symptomatic AF and often co-occurred. Higher burden of psychosocial/cognitive impairment was associated with poorer AF-specific QoL.
Specific packaging and circulation of cytochromes P450, especially 2E1 isozyme, in human plasma exosomes and their implications in cellular communications

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize the majority of xenobiotics and are mainly found in hepatic and some extra-hepatic cells. However, their presence and functional role in exosomes, small extracellular vesicles that are secreted from various cells into extracellular fluids including plasma, is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression and biological activity of CYP enzymes in human plasma exosomes. First, we optimized isolation of plasma exosomes and characterized them for their physical properties and quality. The results showed that the purity of exosomes ( 500-fold higher than the other CYPs. The results from the Western blot showed detectable levels of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4. Our results also demonstrated that exosomal CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 show appreciable activity relative to their respective positive controls (CYP-induced baculosomes). Our results also showed that CYP2E1 is expressed relatively higher in plasma exosomes than hepatic and monocytic cells and exosomes derived from these cells. In conclusion, this is the first evidence of the specific packaging and circulation of CYP enzymes, especially CYP2E1, in human plasma exosomes. The findings have biological and clinical significance in terms of their implications in cellular communications and potential use of plasma exosomal CYPs as biomarkers.
The effect of specific genes on the size character tail ring number inMus musculus

1) The d gene, producing a diluting effect on the coat color in mice, is found to have a favorable influence on the growth of the tail ofMus musculus, especially in greater production of tail rings. This influence is evident even in the presence of the closely linked shortear (se) gene which alone presumably has an opposite inhibitory effect on general body growth. 2) There is found to exist no correlation between brown coat color and the size character number of tail rings, although earlier studies definitely established a general favorable effect on body growth of the brown gene. 3) Presumably the chromosome marked by the A (or a) gene carries size factors influencing the growth of tail rings. Coupling and repulsion phase set-ups indicate this to be a linkage phenomenon. 4) There could be found no basis forFortuyn's hypothesis that the character tail ring number behaves as though determined by a single pair of autosomal genes. Two lines of evidence are in contradiction to this suggestion. First, two or more chromosomes have been identified as carrying genes influencing the growth of tail rings, and second, backcross frequency curves obtained are relatively smooth, and these exhibit greater variability than the parental generations. 5) Data obtained from four separate backcrosses are in contradiction toFortuyn's second suggestion that genes modifying the expression of this size character are to be found in the Y chromosome.
Legal Entity Operating Structure

Divestitures are usually an effective option to generate shareholder value, but it is critical to execute these transactions quickly and efficiently to ensure the companies involved can resume business as quickly as possible after the divestiture is completed. Otherwise, divestitures may become expensive, time- and resource-consuming, and laden with risks.
Polyglutamine Pathogenesis: Emergence of Unifying Mechanisms for Huntington's Disease and Related Disorders

The mechanisms of neurodegeneration in the CAG repeat polyglutamine diseases, including Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA), Huntington's disease (HD), DentatoRubral and PallidoLuysian Atrophy (DRPLA), and Spino-Cerebellar Ataxia (SCA), have been controversial. Issues have included the role of polyglutamine aggregation and possible amyloid formation, localization in the cell nucleus, and possible proteolytic processing. Proposed mechanisms have included activation of caspases or other triggers of apoptosis, mitochondrial or metabolic toxicity, and interference with gene transcription. Recent studies using transgenic mouse and Drosophila models have helped resolve some of these issues and raise hopes for development of therapeutic targets.
Selecting appropriate representations for learning from examples

The task of inductive learning from examples places constraints on the representation of training instances and concepts. These constraints are different from, and often incompatible with, the constraints placed on the representation by the performance task. This incompatibility explains why previous researchers have found it so difficult to construct good representations for inductive learning—they were trying to achieve a compromise between these two sets of constraints. To address this problem, we have developed a learning system that employs two different representations: one for learning and one for performance. The learning system accepts training instances in the "performance representation," converts them into a "learning representation" where they are inductively generalized, and then maps the learned concept back into the "performance representation." The advantages of this approach are (a) many fewer training instances are required to learn the concept, (b) the biases of the learning program are very simple, and (c) the learning system requires virtually no "vocabulary engineering" to learn concepts in a new domain.
Morphology, zoospore ultrastructure, and phylogenetic position of Polyphlyctis willoughbyi, a new species in Chytridiales (Chytridiomycota).

Abstract The purpose of our research is to investigate the morphology, zoospore ultrastructure, and molecular phylogenetic placement of a chytrid from Australia. From a survey of chytrid fungi in New South Wales, Australia, we isolated strain PL AUS 026 and putatively identified it as Polyphlyctis unispina. Light microscopic evaluation determined strain PL AUS 026 to be similar to two other strains of P. unispina characterized in the literature but to have a more complex thallus than that of the type. Molecular phylogenetic analyses placed our strain as sister of or basal to Chytridiaceae, Chytridiales. Ultrastructural analysis of the zoospore of strain PL AUS 026 revealed unique features. On the basis of our analyses we designate strain PL AUS 026 as a new species, Polyphlyctis willoughbyi. This research extends our concept of Chytridiaceae systematics and ultrastructural variation in the Chytridiales zoospore.
Furfural production from microwave catalytic torrefaction of Douglas fir sawdust

Abstract The torrefaction bio-oil is composed of a number of chemical compounds with low concentrations, which results in a low efficiency of its application. To improve the concentrations of high-value chemicals such as furfural in the torrefaction bio-oil, four metal chlorides and hydrochloric acid were investigated as catalysts in the torrefaction of Douglas fir by microwave heating. The number of chemical compounds in the attained bio-oil was significantly reduced with introducing MgCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3 being into the process of torrefaction. The bio-oil obtained with these three catalysts were dominated by furfural with the concentration over 20 mg/g with the torrefaction temperature, time, and catalyst/reactant ratio of 250 °C, 10 min, and 8 wt.%, respectively. The effects of torrefaction conditions on product yield were investigated by selecting MgCl2 as the catalyst, and the results indicated that the yield of torrefied biomass decreased significantly with the increase of reaction temperature, time, and catalyst loading while the yield of bio-oil collected simultaneously was increased. Further analysis for the bio-oil suggested that low temperature, long reaction time, and high catalyst loading favored furfural production. The analysis for non-condensable gas suggested that high reaction temperature and catalyst loading promoted the methane and carbon monoxide production during torrefaction. According to bio-oil and non-condensable gas analysis, a reaction pathway was proposed to explain biomass catalytic torrefaction using MgCl2.
Zentralisierung der Mitbestimmung? Betriebsratsarbeit in Betrieb, Unternehmen und Konzern

Als einer der Schlusselakteure im deutschen „dualen“ System der industriellen Beziehungen sind Betriebsrate in ein komplexes System unterschiedlicher Mitbestimmungsebenen eingebettet. Basierend auf den Daten verschiedener Erhebungen und Wellen der WSI-Betriebsratebefragung analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag die Folgen der betrieblichen Interessenvertretung innerhalb komplexer Gremienstrukturen und vergleicht diese mit jener alleinstehender „Solo“-Betriebsrate. Wie die Analyse belegt, tragen komplexe Gremienstrukturen einerseits zu einer Hierarchisierung der Betriebsratsarbeit bei, indem wichtige Themen und Verhandlungsgegenstande auf eine hohere Betriebsratsebene verlagert werden, und andererseits zu einer Professionalisierung der Betriebsratsarbeit. Weiterhin konnte belegt werden (Autonomiehypothese), dass Gesamtbetriebsrate den Gewerkschaften zwar organisatorisch eng verbunden sind, sie aber dennoch auf ihren autonomen Handlungsspielraum pochen und sich somit mit den Gewerkschaften nicht eins machen.
Development of interatomic potentials for the complex binary compound Sb 2 Te 3 and the prediction of thermal conductivity

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has emerged as a powerful predictive tool to study mechanical and thermal properties of materials, without the requirement for any fitting parameter inputs such as phonon relaxation time. However, the lack of suitable interatomic potentials for many complex materials greatly prohibits effective use of MD simulations to investigate properties of bulk materials and nanostructures. In this paper, we use the method of fitting to an ab initio energy surface to develop interatomic potential parameters for the complex binary material antimony telluride, which has important applications in thermoelectric energy generation. Density-functional theory is used to calculate the ground-state electronic structure of the ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ crystal, following which the total energies of a series of artificially distorted lattice configurations are calculated to create the energy surface. A Morse potential functional form is fitted to the energy surface and experimental data, and the parameters are used to calculate the bulk crystal properties and phonon spectra using lattice dynamics. Our parameters are able to reproduce the lattice structure, elastic constants, and acoustic phonon dispersion in good agreement with experimental data. MD simulations are performed using the fitted potential to calculate the thermal conductivity of bulk ${\mathrm{Sb}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ using the Green-Kubo method. The predicted thermal conductivity shows a $1/T$ variation in both in-plane and cross-plane directions with the results in the range of experimental measurements. Frequency domain normal mode analysis is used to calculate the modal phonon relaxation times and the accumulation of thermal conductivity with respect to phonon mean free paths. The results show that phonons with mean free paths between 3 and 100 nm contribute to 80% of the total cross-plane thermal conductivity.
Fuzzy Iyengar-type inequalities

Here, we present fuzzy Iyengar-type inequalities for continuous fuzzy number valued functions. These functions fulfill some type of Lipschitz conditions.
Understanding the Impact of N ‑ArylpyridiniumIons on the Selectivity of CO 2 Reduction at the Cu/ElectrolyteInterface

Copper is the only pure metal electrocatalyst capable of converting carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons at significant reaction rates. However, the poor product selectivity of this process on copper rem...
Inflammatory Pouch Conditions Are Common After Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis in Ulcerative Colitis Patients

Background Total proctocolectomy (TPC) with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the gold standard surgery for ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with medically refractory disease. The aim of this study was to report the rates and risk factors of inflammatory pouch conditions. Methods This was a retrospective review of UC or IBD unspecified (IBDU) patients who underwent TPC with IPAA for refractory disease or dysplasia between 2008 and 2017. Pouchoscopy data were used to calculate rates of inflammatory pouch conditions. Factors associated with outcomes in univariable analysis were investigated in multivariable analysis. Results Of the 621 patients more than 18 years of age who underwent TPC with IPAA between January 2008 and December 2017, pouchoscopy data were available for 386 patients during a median follow-up period of 4 years. Acute pouchitis occurred in 205 patients (53%), 60 of whom (30%) progressed to chronic pouchitis. Cuffitis and Crohn's disease-like condition (CDLC) of the pouch occurred in 119 (30%) patients and 46 (12%) patients, respectively. In multivariable analysis, female sex was associated with a decreased risk of acute pouchitis, and pre-operative steroid use and medically refractory disease were associated with an increased risk; IBDU was associated with chronic pouchitis; rectal cuff length ≥2 cm and medically refractory disease were associated with cuffitis; age 45-54 at colectomy was associated with CDLC. Rates of pouch failure were similar in chronic pouchitis and CDLC patients treated with biologics and those who were not. Conclusions Inflammatory pouch conditions are common. Biologic use for chronic pouchitis and CDLC does not impact the rate of pouch failure.
Theology of the Rule of Law

This article draws conceptual, genealogical, and empirical parallels between religion and the rule of law. It presents two related arguments. First, despite the rule of law’s religious roots, the attempts of modern states since the nineteenth century to regulate and stymie religious power are a key part of the rule of law’s history. Second, as a systematically developed theory of internally coherent values about a higher power, the rule of law offers an alternative to theology. Political elites, scholars, and activists invoke this theology of the rule of law as clerics would a religious discourse, for their own salvation or for the salvation of the poor and marginalized.
Efficient Coupling of Reaction Pathways of Criegee Intermediates and Free Radicals in the Heterogeneous Ozonolysis of Alkenes

In the gas phase, ozonolysis of olefins is known to be a significant source of free radicals. However, for heterogeneous and condensed phase ozone reactions, the importance of reaction pathways that couple Criegee intermediates (CI) with hydroxyl (OH), alkoxy, and peroxy free radicals remains uncertain. Here we report experimental evidence for substantial free radical oxidation during the heterogeneous reaction of O3 with cis-9-tricosene (Tri) aerosol. A kinetic model with three coupled submechanisms that include O3, CI, and free radical reactions is used to explain how the observed Tri reactivity and its product distributions depend upon [O3], [OH], and the presence of CI scavengers. During multiphase ozonolysis, the kinetic model predicts that only ∼30% of the alkene is actually consumed by O3, while the remaining ∼70% is consumed by free radicals that cycle through pathways involving CI. These results reveal the importance of free radical oxidation during heterogeneous ozonolysis, which has been previously difficult to isolate due to the complex coupling of CI and OH reaction pathways.
Obesity Trends Amongst Hospitalized Patients with Spinal Cord Stimulator Implants.

Chronic pain remains an important public health problem as it continues to increase healthcare-related cost. Comorbidities like obesity have been associated with efficacy of spinal cord stimulator (SCS) therapy and worse outcomes. The goal of this study is to investigate the trends of obesity amongst hospitalized patients with SCS therapy as well as healthcare utilization outcomes. Using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ninth and tenth procedure and diagnosis code, we investigated the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for patients with SCS implants between 2011 and 2015. Patients received a diagnosis of obesity based on the following categories: class I, II and III obesity. Age, gender, and comorbid conditions of patients with obesity were matched 1:1 on propensity score to those without obesity diagnosis. Our primary outcome was defined as trend of obesity diagnosis. Our secondary outcome, healthcare utilization, included in-hospital cost, length of stay, and discharge location. Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 3893 patients with SCS implants were identified (average age 56 ± 15 years, 58% female, 0.70 ± 1.1 Charlson Comorbidity Index, CCI). Of this cohort, 640 patients were identified as obese. The proportion of patients with obesity diagnosis increased significantly from 13.75% in 2011 to 19.36% in 2015 (p < 0.001). After 1:1 matching on propensity score, 597 patients with obesity were successfully matched to 597 patients without obesity. The total hospital cost for SCS patients with obesity (median $104,845, IQR $74,648–144,292) was not significantly different from patients without obesity diagnosis (median $111,092, IQR $68,990–145,459) (p = 0.161). The data from our study suggests that there is an increasing rate of obesity diagnosis amongst patients with SCS therapy. However, there was no difference in healthcare utilization between patients with and without obesity. Additional studies may provide more insight into our findings.
ADHD and entrepreneurship: Beyond person-entrepreneurship fit

Abstract Research examining mental health and entrepreneurship has found important links between mental health and entrepreneurship. These findings have led scholars to suggest a fit between some aspects of mental health, and in particular, mental dysfunction, and entrepreneurship. This paper complements extant studies in this area by examining the mental health and entrepreneurship relationship from a sociocognitive perspective. We examine to what extent does ADHD influence entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition tendency. Our findings are consistent with our hypotheses, suggesting that people with ADHD may not be efficacious in the entrepreneurial context, and specifically in recognizing opportunities. However, confidence in one’s ability regarding the entrepreneurship vocation can grow with education and experience. Our findings allow us to advance theory and offer practical implications.
Additive Manufacturing of Oral Tablets: Technologies, Materials and Printed Tablets

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, enables fabrication of custom-designed and personalized 3D constructs with high complexity in shape and composition. AM has a strong potential to fabricate oral tablets with enhanced customization and complexity as compared to tablets manufactured using conventional approaches. Despite these advantages, AM has not yet become the mainstream manufacturing approach for fabrication of oral solid dosage forms mainly due to limitations of AM technologies and lack of diverse printable drug formulations. In this review, AM of oral tablets are summarized with respect to AM technology. A detailed review of AM methods and materials used for the AM of oral tablets is presented. This article also reviews the challenges in AM of pharmaceutical formulations and potential strategies to overcome these challenges.
Recognizing and intervening in child sex trafficking

Know the risk factors, choose from among 3 validated screening tools, and use a trauma-informed approach with those likely involved in trafficking.
Do measures of healthy eating differ in survivors of early adversity

Abstract Early life adversity has been linked to poor health, including obesity. Understanding the role of unhealthy food intake, may elucidate the importance of self-soothing behaviors in explaining the association between early life adversity and poor health in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between early life adversity and dietary quality in a sample of adults from the Lifestyle Influences of Family Environment study. Early life adversity, demographic, and dietary data were obtained for 145 participants using formal interviews and two days of interviewer-administered 24-h recalls. Dietary quality was measured using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scoring algorithm to compute total and component scores. The association between early life adversity and dietary quality was assessed through linear regression and in models adjusted for age and sex. The mean ± SD HEI score for all participants was 54.6 ± 12.8. Individuals with early life adversity had a 4.51 lower overall HEI score when compared to those without early life adversity, 95% CI (0.35, 8.68). After adjusting for age and sex, early life adversity was associated with a 4.6 lower HEI score, 95% CI (0.45, 8.73). HEI component scores indicated that individuals with early life adversity were significantly more likely to have lower whole grain (0.7 versus 2.4) and total dairy (4.3 versus 6.1) scores compared to those without early life adversity. ELA was associated with lower measures of dietary quality. Results warrant future research on dietary and behavioral factors that underly the association between early life adversity and poor health outcomes.
Ethane Dehydrogenation on Single and Dual Centers of Ga-modified γ-Al2O3

Density-functional theory calculations and microkinetic analysis are used to investigate the efficacy of Ga-modified γ-Al2O3 (110) surfaces for the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethane and elucidate...
Creating Organizational Authenticity and Identification: Effect of Leaders’ Motivating Language and Impact on Employee Advocacy:

This study surveyed 482 employees in the United States to test the impact of leaders’ motivating language on employee advocacy. In addition, the study tested the mediating role of perceived organiz...
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation using non-myeloablative ATG/TLI conditioning for lymphomas

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) can produce durable remissions in refractory lymphomas by relying on both myeloablative conditioning (MAC) and the subsequent graft-versus-ly...
The consequences of household member incarceration on justice-involved youth

Household member incarceration has only increased in prevalence due to the era of mass incarceration; however prior studies have focused exclusively on the impacts of parental imprisonment. In an e...
Efficacy of water-only or soap and water skin decontamination of chemical warfare agents or simulants using in vitro human models: A systematic review.

Water-only or water and soap are widely recommended as preferred solutions for dermal decontamination. However, limited efficacy data exist. We summarized experimental studies evaluating in vitro efficacy of water-only or soap and water in decontaminating chemical warfare agents (CWA) or their simulants from human skin models. Embase, Covidence®, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for articles using water-only or soap and water decontamination methods for removal of CWA/CWA simulants in in vitro human skin models. Data extraction was completed from seven studies, yielding seven contaminants. Water-only decontamination led to partial decontamination in all skin samples (100%, n = 81/81). Soap and water decontamination led to partial decontamination in all skin samples (100%, n = 143/143). Four studies found decontamination to either paradoxically enhance absorption of contaminants or their penetration rates, known as the "wash-in" effect. Despite recommendations, water-only or water and soap decontamination were found to yield partial decontamination of CWA or their simulants in all human in vitro studies. Thus, more effective decontaminating agents are needed. Some studies demonstrated increased or faster penetration of chemicals following decontamination, which could prove deadly for agents such as VX, although these findings require in vivo validation. Heterogeneity in experimental setups limits interstudy comparison, and it remains unclear when water-only or water and soap are ideal decontaminants, which requires more studies. Pending manuscripts will summarize in vivo human and animal efficacy data. International harmonized efficacy protocol should enable more efficient public health decisions for evidence-based public health decisions.
Protecting Jerusalem's Holy Sites: A Strategy for Negotiating a Sacred Peace

1. Introduction Part I. A Troubled History: 2. Historical perspectives: recognition of the holy sites and the emergence of the status quo - 70 CE to the 1967 War 3. Israeli policy on the issue of the holy sites, 1967-2002 4. Solutions offered for the issue of the holy sites Part II. Points of Contention - Opportunities for Change: 5. The multi-dimensional problem 6. Principles to praxis 7. Collaborative structures/confidence-building measures 8. Defining the holy sites 9. Politics and administration - the mechanics Part III. Addressing Change: Negotiating Peace: 10. Structuring the negotiation - a plan of action 11. Conclusion Appendices Annexes.
An evaluation of collaborative research in a college of engineering

Abstract A frequently used measure of scientific (or research) collaboration is co-authorship in scholarly publications. Less frequently used are joint grant proposals and patents. Many scholars believe that the use of co-authorship as the sole measure of research collaboration is insufficient because collaboration between researchers might not result in co-authorship. Collaborations involve informal communication (i.e., conversational exchange) between researchers. Using self-reports from 100 tenured/tenure-track faculty in the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida, researchers’ networks are constructed from their communication relationships and also from collaborations in three areas: joint publications, joint grant proposals, and joint patents. The data collection: (1) covers both researchers’ in-progress and completed collaborative outputs, (2) yields a rating from the researchers on the importance of a relationship to them and (3) obtains multiple types of relationship ties between researchers allowing for the comparison of multiple networks. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) results show that the more communication researchers have the more likely they produce collaborative outputs. Furthermore, we find that joint grant proposals tend to have mixed gender teams and that researchers of the same race are more likely to publish together, but those demographic attributes have no additional explanatory power regarding joint patents.
Of Subprimes and Subsidies: The Political Economy of the Financial Crisis

The US economy is in the early stages of what looks to be the worst financial and economic crisis since the Great Depression. Starting with the downturn in the housing market and rising foreclosures, the crisis has spread to Fannie and Freddie, the government sponsored enterprises, and to investment banks and other financial entities holding dodgy assets backed by collapsing real estate. In addition to the growing financial crisis, a number of other, related issues of concern keep appearing on the horizon. They include sustained global imbalances, the threat of growing prices of commodities and oil, and the ever-present disruptive impact of globalization. Is there any connecting thread between these crises? What are the underlying ideological and politico-economic factors that fed the growth of this crisis? This paper addresses these and other questions in a discussion starting with subprime mortgages and their causes and consequences.