cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electricity-free amplification and detection for molecular point-of-care diagnosis of HIV-1

In resource-limited settings, the lack of decentralized molecular diagnostic testing and sparse access to centralized medical facilities can present a critical barrier to timely diagnosis, treatment, and subsequent control and elimination of infectious diseases. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods, including reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), are well-suited for decentralized point-of-care molecular testing in minimal infrastructure laboratories since they significantly reduce the complexity of equipment and power requirements. Despite reduced complexity, however, there is still a need for a constant heat source to enable isothermal nucleic acid amplification. This requirement poses significant challenges for laboratories in developing countries where electricity is often unreliable or unavailable. To address this need, we previously developed a low-cost, electricity-free heater using an exothermic reaction thermally coupled with a phase change material. This heater achieved acceptable performance, but exhibited considerable variability. Furthermore, as an enabling technology, the heater was an incomplete diagnostic solution. Here we describe a more precise, affordable, and robust heater design with thermal standard deviation <0.5°C at operating temperature, a cost of approximately US$.06 per test for heater reaction materials, and an ambient temperature operating range from 16°C to 30°C. We also pair the heater with nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF)-detection for a visual readout. To further illustrate the utility of the electricity-free heater and NALF-detection platform, we demonstrate sensitive and repeatable detection of HIV-1 with a s-actin positive internal amplification control from processed sample to result in less than 80 minutes. Together, these elements are building blocks for an electricity-free platform capable of isothermal amplification and detection of a variety of pathogens.
Order, disorder, and flexibility: prediction from protein sequence.

Abstract The new predictor of disordered protein regions (disEMBL) introduced in this issue of Structure (Linding et al., 2003b) represents a computational tool developed to aid structural biologists in the design of protein constructs that avoid disordered protein regions in order to increase the success rate of structure determination.
An in vivo Method for studying the Hair Cycle

STUDIES of the hair cycle have been carried out for many years on fixed material1,2 and, more recently, in tissue culture3. In neither case can environmental influences on the initiation of the hair cycle, such as microcirculatory changes and presence or absence of oedema, be determined satisfactorily. In the following in vivo method, single follicles may be mapped and observed repeatedly at any time-intervals thereafter.
Modeling and simulation of strain-induced phase transformations under compression in a diamond anvil cell

Strain-induced phase transformations (PTs) under high-pressure differ fundamentally from the pressure-induced PTs under quasihydrostatic conditions. A model and finite-element approach to strain-induced PTs under compression and torsion of a sample in rotational diamond anvil cell are developed. The current paper is devoted to the numerical study of strain-induced PTs under compression in traditional diamond anvils while the accompanying paper [V. I. Levitas and O. M. Zarechnyy, Phys. Rev. B 82, 174124 (2010)] is concerned with compression and torsion in rotational anvils. Very heterogeneous fields of stress tensor, accumulated plastic strain, and concentration of the high-pressure phase are determined for three ratios of yield strengths of low-pressure and high-pressure phases. PT kinetics depends drastically on the yield strengths ratios. For a stronger high-pressure phase, an increase in strength during PT increases pressure and promotes PT, serving as a positive mechanochemical feedback; however, maximum pressure in a sample is much larger than required for PT. For a weaker high-pressure phase, strong strain and high-pressure phase localization and irregular stress fields are obtained. Various experimentally observed effects are reproduced and interpreted. Obtained results revealed difficulties in experimental characterization of strain-induced PTs and suggested some ways to overcome them.
Depsipeptide Companeramides from a Panamanian Marine Cyanobacterium Associated with the Coibamide Producer

Two new cyclic depsipeptides, companeramides A (1) and B (2), have been isolated from the phylogenetically characterized cyanobacterial collection that yielded the previously reported cancer cell toxin coibamide A (collected from Coiba Island, Panama). The planar structures of the companeramides, which contain 3-amino-2-methyl-7-octynoic acid (Amoya), hydroxy isovaleric acid (Hiva), and eight α-amino acid units, were established by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The absolute configuration of each companeramide was assigned using a combination of Marfey’s methodology and chiral-phase HPLC analysis of complete and partial hydrolysis products compared to commercial and synthesized standards. Companeramides A (1) and B (2) showed high nanomolar in vitro antiplasmodial activity but were not overtly cytotoxic to four human cancer cell lines at the doses tested.
Biewen, and Dilworth, Reality Radio: Telling True Stories in Sound

A. (Eds). (2010). Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. As a teacher of audio documentary, I've observed that print resources on the subject are unfortunately rare. That ...
A Source of He++ Ions for a Van De Graaff Accelerator

An ion source for the production of well-collimated beams of doubly charged helium ions has been constructed, tested, and put into operation. It consists of an einzel lens to maintain a well-focussed beam and a crossed field analyzer that permits only one component of the beam to leave the source assembly. Beam currents of 1 to 2 microamperes of analyzed (He4)++ or (He3)++ ions are obtainable from the source assembly for acceleration in a Van de Graaff generator. Up to 0.25 microamperes of (He4)++ beam has been obtained at the entrance to the beam tubes after acceleration in a Van de Graaff generator and after momentum analysis, but this figure is subject to improvement. The source can also be used with H+, D+, and He+ ions. By applying an RF voltage to the deflector plates, it has been found possible to pulse the singly ionized beams. A pulsed beam of 1/2 ?a of (He3)+ ions with a pulse width of 7 ns has been obtained. The design and installation of the source is described.
Ion beam processing for coating MgF2 onto ambient temperature substrates

In this paper, we report on the use of inert gas ion bombardment during the deposition of MgF2 films on ambient temperature substrates. The low energy (<250-eV/ion) bombardment is shown to increase significantly the abrasion resistance and adherence of the films without significantly degrading their optical performance. The success of this technique has wide-ranging implications for the application of durable coatings to temperature sensitive substrates.
Covariability of zooplankton gradients with glider-detected density fronts in the Southern California Current System

Abstract Fronts represent sharp boundaries between water masses, but seasonal and interannual variation in their occurrence and effects on the distributions of pelagic organisms are poorly understood. This study reports results from six years of ocean front observations (2006–2011) along two transect lines across the Southern California Current System (SCCS) using autonomous Spray ocean gliders. During this time, 154 positive near-surface density fronts were identified within 124 completed transects consisting of nearly 23,000 vertical profiles. The incidence of surface density fronts showed distinct seasonality along line 80 off Pt. Conception, with fewer fronts occurring during winter months and more numerous fronts in the nearshore and during spring, summer and fall. On line 90, fronts were the least common nearshore and most frequent in a transitional region offshore. Horizontal density gradients in the surface layer (0–50 m) were significantly correlated with horizontal gradients in surface layer Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) fluorescence, as well as with mean volume backscatter (MVBS) recorded by a 750 kHz acoustic Doppler profiler. Density fronts were not only zones of rapidly changing phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass concentrations, but also more likely to be zones of enhanced acoustic backscatter and Chl-a fluorescence than regions flanking the fronts. MVBS and Chl-a gradients were significantly correlated with gradients in other hydrographic variables such as temperature, salinity, and spiciness, and weakly with cross-track current velocity, though density gradients remained the single best predictor of strong MVBS and fluorescence gradients. Large mobile predators foraging in the vicinity of such features could locate habitat with higher zooplankton biomass concentrations up to 85% of the time by traveling up local density gradients (i.e., toward rather than away from denser surface waters). We discuss implications of these results in the context of long-term trends in ocean fronts in the SCCS.
Energy Coupling, Turnover, and Stability of the F0F1 ATP Synthase Are Dependent on the Energy of Interaction between γ and β Subunits

Replacement of the F0F1 ATP synthase gamma subunit Met-23 with Lys (gammaM23K) perturbs coupling efficiency between transport and catalysis (Shin, K., Nakamoto, R. K., Maeda, M., and Futai, M. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 20835-20839). We demonstrate here that the gammaM23K mutation causes altered interactions between subunits. Binding of delta or epsilon subunits stabilizes the alpha3beta3gamma complex, which becomes destabilized by the mutation. Significantly, the inhibition of F1 ATP hydrolysis by the epsilon subunit is no longer relieved when the gammaM23K mutant F1 is bound to F0. Steady state Arrhenius analysis reveals that the gammaM23K enzyme has increased activation energies for the catalytic transition state. These results suggest that the mutation causes the formation of additional bonds within the enzyme that must be broken in order to achieve the transition state. Based on the x-ray crystallographic structure of Abrahams et al. (Abrahams, J. P., Leslie, A. G. W., Lutter, R., and Walker, J. E. (1994) Nature 370, 621-628), the additional bond is likely due to gammaM23K forming an ionized hydrogen bond with one of the betaGlu-381 residues. Two second site mutations, gammaQ269R and gammaR242C, suppress the effects of gammaM23K and decrease activation energies for the gammaM23K enzyme. We conclude that gammaM23K is an added function mutation that increases the energy of interaction between gamma and beta subunits. The additional interaction perturbs transmission of conformational information such that epsilon inhibition of ATPase activity is not relieved and coupling efficiency is lowered.
Phenylethynyl end-capped polyimides derived from 4,4'-(2,2,2-trifluoro- 1-phenylethylidene)diphthalic anhydride, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride, and 3,3', 4,4'-biphenylene dianhydride: Structure-viscosity relationship

The synthesis and characterization of phenylethynyl (PE) end-capped polyimides derived from 4,4‘-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethylidene) diphthalic anhydride (3FDA), 4,4‘-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), and 3,3‘,4,4‘-biphenylene dianhydride (s-BPDA) are described in this paper, with particular emphasis on the glass transition temperatures and viscosities. The phenylethynyl end-capped 3FDA- and 6FDA-containing oligomides demonstrate much lower minimum complex melt viscosities than s-BPDA-containing oligomides. The PE-3F and PE-6F oligomers also show greater viscosity stability at elevated temperature (310 °C) than s-BPDA oligomides. The lower viscosities can be explained by the presence of the bulky groups CF3 and phenyl on 3FDA and 6FDA relative to the planar configuration of the s-BPDA dianhydride. The greater viscosity stability of the PE-3F and PE-6F oligomers over the s-BPDA oligomers at 310 °C may be explained by the decreased electron density and hence lower reactivity of the et...
SU‐GG‐J‐97: From a Phase‐Based to Displacement‐Based Gate Using a Custom Designed Software Application

Purpose: The Varian Real‐Time Position Management (RPM) system allows respiratory gating based on either phase or amplitude of the breathing waveform. RPM‐based phase gating during treatment is not robust in some patients because of unusual or mildly irregular breathing. We developed a robust method to convert a phase‐based breathing gate determined from physician's inspection of target motion imaged during 4D‐CT simulation to an equivalent displacement‐based gate for gated external beam treatment using the RPM respiratory system. Method and Materials: The application parses respiratory data from the simulation RPM breathing trace, extracts displacement, time and phase information and calculates a suggested displacement gate based on the physician‐specified phase gate. The displacement versus phase information is fitted; values of this function at the lower and upper bounds of the phase thresholds, and the average of these two values are extracted. We also calculate the mean and standard deviation of the displacements, and the duty cycles for each of the three displacement values and the original phase gate. The similarity of the average value displacement gate to the phase gate is evaluated by comparing their respective duty cycles and the mean displacement and standard deviation within each gate, which are measures of baseline drift and residual in‐gate motion. Results: An equivalent displacement gate can be derived from a physician‐specified phase gate. The mean of the mean of displacements for 5 patients is 0.160 cm for the phase gate and 0.108 cm for the displacement gate, the mean of residuals is 0.094 cm and 0.177 cm, and 39.1% and 37.6% for the mean duty cycles respectively. Conclusion: Displacement gates can be consistently derived from phase based gates, thus facilitating migration from a phase‐based simulation session to displacement‐based treatment sessions.
Flexible Fixturing with Phase-Change Materials. Part 1. Experimental Study on Magnetorheological Fluids

Flexible fixturing is an important issue in manufacturing, where a single set of fixtures are used for locating and holding a variety of workpieces. Flexible fixturing with phase-change materials involves the use of functional materials which change the status from liquid to solid under certain conditions. The workpiece is located in the liquid fixture material and held firmly when the material is changed into the solid state. Therefore, the material strength in the solid state is crucial for a successful application to production. This paper presents an experimental study of magnetorheological (MR) fluid material. With the application of a compression technique, a thick column structure is formed and enhanced. Hence, a high shear strength of the MR fluid in solid status is achieved. Experimental results are reported in this paper. Further application of this technique is under development for flexible fixturing in industrial applications.
Three-and-a-half Decades of Progress in Monitoring Soils and Soil Hydraulic Properties

Abstract This article will focus on the evolution of soil water monitoring and determination of soil hydraulic properties with emphasis on large-scale soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA) experiments, beginning with the lead author's participation in this work in 1976 at University of California, Davis and evolving to current experiments involving the co-authors. Experiments to be highlighted include the HAPEX-MOBILHY (France, 1986), HAPEX-Sahel (Niger, 1992), NASA BOREAS (Canada, 1994-96), to the current NASA AirMOSS project (2011-15). This article will demonstrate sample data from a wide range of technology from neutron probe, to capacitance probes and other dielectric sensors, to the principle for the P-band radar in the current NASA AirMOSS project.
The Evolution of the Institutional Review Board: A Brief Overview of its History

AbstractThe history of the body charged with independent assessment of the ethical aspects of human subjects research is marked by an evolution through three stages: endorsement of the principle; enfranchisement of the committee; empowerment of the local institutional review board(IRB). The history shows that only with empowerment of the present day IRB as the keystone of the system have protections for research subjects achieved the requisite effectiveness. The article identifies the sources and features of IRB empowerment as they have emerged from efforts to resolve ethical issues arising in the history of human subjects research. The article concludes with an analysis of the structures embodied in IRB procedures and practice that serve to ensure adequate protection for individual research subjects while continuing to facilitate the conduct of research.
Flow patterns of dairy wastewater constructed wetlands in a cold climate

Conservative tracer experiments, and spatial temperature and dissolved oxygen mapping within four subsurface treatment wetlands employed in this study demonstrated the importance of supplemental aeration and vegetation in reducing preferential flows in cold climate treatment wetlands. Four constructed wetlands, employing horizontal subsurface flow were used to treat dairy wastewater in a 2 x 2 factorial design consisting of two wetland cells with vegetation and two with supplemental aeration. Four tracer studies were conducted between November 2004 and May 2005. Two key observations were made, demonstrating that vegetation and aeration can be utilized in cold regions to prevent clogging and freezing, thereby reducing preferential flow paths which can reduce treatment efficiencies: (1) vegetation contributed to thermal protection and (2) aeration increased temperature and mixing. A comparison of multiple wetland cells with varying flow rates showed that the use of pore volume in tracer response curves was a better indicator of preferential flows than other indicators including volumetric efficiency, hydraulic efficiency and number of continuosly stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). This research helps further establish how constructed wetlands are a viable tool for treating wastewater in cold climates.
Effects of color differences in a letter matching task

Ss were required to judge whether pairs of letters were identical with respect to name (Experiment 1) or form (Experiment 2). The results replicated the findings of Posner & Mitchell (1967) that physically identical letters could be matched more quickly than those only sharing the same name. When members of a letter pair differed in color, Ss showed a small but reliable tendency to respond more slowly when making “same” judgments, even when the letters only shared the same name. “Different” judgments were unaffected by color differences. To account for the effects of color variation, it seems necessary to consider both distraction and response competition factors.
Ellipse-Fitting Techniques Applied to 2D-PMS Raindrop Images

An ellipse-fitting technique is introduced in this paper to process the images of raindrops sampled by a 2D-PMS (Particle Measuring Systems, Inc.) probe. Algorithms to estimate size, shape, and orientation parameters of partial raindrop images are presented. This technique is evaluated by fitting full raindrop images and comparing the results with other procedures such as Fourier descriptor and moment descriptor methods. It is also evaluated by applying this pressure to partial raindrop images constructed by truncating the top part or the bottom part of full raindrop images, while at the same time the estimates obtained from the full images are used for comparison against the estimates from partial images. It is shown that the ellipse-fitting technique is a viable tool for processing complete 2D-PMS raindrop images, and more importantly, this technique works successfully for processing partial raindrop images. Results of 2D-PMS data analysis of side-looking raindrop images collected during the CAPE (Convection and Precipitation/Electrification) field program are presented.
Toward a Comprehensive Model of Foreign Policy Voting in the U.S. Senate

P OLITICAL SCIENTISTS have been concerned with congressional voting and policy-making since the dawning of the discipline.1 The increasing concern for a science of politics has lead to the burgeoning of roll-call voting analysis.2 It is not surprising that political scientists would turn to rollcall voting as a focus for research -roll calls have the advantages of being discrete items or "hard" data; they are readily accessible and can clearly be operationalized as measures of policy output.3 Nevertheless, the theories and findings of even those scholars employing the same unit of analysis (i.e., the roll-call vote) vary greatly. In fact, it may seem that the diversity of the theories that have been formulated in attempts to explain patterns of congressional voting is their most obvious shared characteristic. Yet, it is here contended that most explanations of congressional policymaking in general, and senatorial voting on foreign policy measures in particular, can be categorized into one or more of three non-mutually exclusive types the idiosyncratic/role model, the constituency model, and the militaryindustrial complex model. It is the purpose of the present endeavor to discover the degree to which these models have a basis in fact to determine the usefulness of the models, and
Scanning Tip Microscopy With Applications To Biology

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy, denoted here scanning tip microscopy, are two powerful novel techniques for imaging surfaces with atomic resolution. We describe the underlying principles of these two techniques with special emphasis on an instrument developed in our laboratory that uses a laser diode to detect minute deflections of a tip as it raster scans the surface of a sample. Applications of these techniques to research in biology are assessed and their relative merits discussed.
Effects of Heavy Fall Infestations of Spotted Alfalfa Aphids on Subsequent Spring Growth of Alfalfa in Kansas

Alfalfa infested as 325 spotted alfalfa aphids ( Therioaphis maculata (Buekton)) per sweep in the fall after the last cutting had been removed was treated with malathion and BHC at 1 ld. and ⅜ lb. gamma isomer per acre, respectively. Excellent control resulted. Analysis of alfalfa pellets from the first cutting the following sprint.( showed protein 2% higher and carotene 3 mg. per 100 grams higher in the treated plot. No increase in yield resulted from the fall treatment.
Positron decays of 25Al, 37K, 38K and 39Ca

Abstract Allowed β+ decay branches from 25AI, 37K, 38K and 39Ca have been sought by observation of delayed γ-radiation. The precision of previously known branches has been increased and improved limits obtained for unobserved branches.
Parameter-Dependent Identification of the Intake Manifold System Dynamics in Spark Ignition Engines Using LPV Methods

Presented in this paper is a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) based algorithm for system identification of Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) systems. An identification method based on the input-output representation of LPV systems is employed, where the coefficients of the model depend on external parameters assumed to be measurable in real-time. The identification problem is reduced to a problem of linear regression. Application of the proposed method to a quasi-LPV system developed from an intake manifold model of a spark ignition (SI) engine is demonstrated. Simulations performed using the GT-Power simulation tool and experiments performed on a 5.4-L V8 spark-ignition engine are used validate the accuracy of the proposed method.Copyright © 2011 by ASME and General Motors
Generalized finite element method using proper orthogonal decomposition

A methodology is presented for generating enrichment functions in generalized finite element methods (GFEM) using experimental and/or simulated data. The approach is based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique, which is used to generate low-order representations of data that contain general information about the solution of partial differential equations. One of the main challenges in such enriched finite element methods is knowing how to choose, α priori, enrichment functions that capture the nature of the solution of the governing equations. POD produces low-order subspaces, that are optimal in some norm, for approximating a given data set. For most problems, since the solution error in Galerkin methods is bounded by the error in the best approximation, it is expected that the optimal approximation properties of POD can be exploited to construct efficient enrichment functions. We demonstrate the potential of this approach through three numerical examples. Best-approximation studies are conducted that reveal the advantages of using POD modes as enrichment functions in GFEM over a conventional POD basis.
Automated Search for Gödel’s Proofs

We present strategies and heuristics underlying a search procedure that finds proofs for Godel’s incompleteness theorems at an abstract axiomatic level. As axioms we take for granted the representability and derivability conditions for the central syntactic notions as well as the diagonal lemma for constructing self-referential sentences. The strategies are logical ones and have been developed to search for natural deduction proofs in classical first-order logic. The heuristics are mostly of a very general mathematical character and are concerned with the goal-directed use of definitions and lemmata. When they are specific to the meta-mathematical context, these heuistics allow us, for example, to move between the object-and meta-theory. Instead of viewing this work as high-level proof search, it can be regarded as a first step in a proof-planning framework: the next refining steps would consist in verifying the axiomatically given conditions. Comparisons with the literature are detailed in Section 4. (The general mathematical heuristics are indeed general: in Appendix B we show that they, together with two simple algebraic facts and the logical strategies, suffice to find a proof of “√2 is not rational”.)
Evaluation of mixed-population flood-frequency analysis

A mixed population of flood flows was shown to cause quality-of-fit problems if a single-popu- lation flood-frequency distribution was used to describe the flood data. The three populations in this mix were ''ordinary,'' tropical cyclone, and ice-jam-release floods. Parametric descriptions of the single and separated flood populations were evaluated using probability-plot correlation-coefficient tests. These tests quantified how well the flood-probability distributions agreed with plotting-position descriptions of the data and quantified the differences due to the mixed-population analysis. High outliers caused the high skewness found in the single- population analyses. The tropical cyclone component was underestimated by single-population analyses at gaug- ing stations in Massachusetts that had little data.
Simulated annealing and balance of recurrence order in time-inhomogeneous Markov chains

We consider Markov chains with transition probabilities proportional to powers of a small time-varying parameter. For such processes we introduce the notion of order of recurrence for the states and transitions and show that these orders satisfy a balance equation across every edge cutset in the graph of the Markov chain. As a special case, we consider the method of optimization by simulated annealing and show that there holds a "detailed balance" across every edge in the graph. This allows us to determine the necessary and sufficient condition on the cooling schedule in order to guarantee that the global minimum is hit with probability one.
Expression of Gpr177, a Wnt trafficking regulator, in mouse embryogenesis

Wls/Evi/Srt encoding a multipass transmembrane protein has been identified as a regulator for proper sorting and secretion of Wnt in flies. We have previously demonstrated that Gpr177 is the mouse ortholog required for axis determination. Gpr177 is a transcriptional target of Wnt that is activated to assist its subcellular distribution in a feedback regulatory loop. We, therefore, proposed that reciprocal regulation of Wnt and Gpr177 is essential for the Wnt-dependent developmental and pathogenic processes. Here, we examine the expression pattern of Gpr177 in mouse development. Gpr177 is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types during organogenesis. Furthermore, Gpr177 is a glycoprotein primarily accumulating in the Golgi apparatus in signal-producing cells. The glycosylation of Gpr177 is necessary for proper transportation in the secretory pathway. Our findings suggest that the Gpr177-mediated regulation of Wnt is crucial for organogenesis in health and disease.
Free will for everyone – with flaws

Wegner's refutation of the notion of a conscious free will is addressed to a general reader. Despite a wide ranging and instructive survey and a conclusion acceptable to current psychological thinking, it is flawed by terminological confusions and lack of attention to relevant evidence and previous psychological approaches. It is suggested that psychology best drop the term will altogether.
Long Baseline Nulling Interferometry with the Keck Telescopes: A Progress Report

The Keck Interferometer Nuller (KIN) is one of the major scientific and technical precursors to the Terrestrial Planet Finder Interferometer (TPF-I) mission. KIN's primary objective is to measure the level of exo-zodiacal mid-infrared emission around nearby main sequence stars, which requires deep broad-band nulling of astronomical sources of a few Janskys at 10 microns. A number of new capabilities are needed in order to reach that goal with the Keck telescopes: mid-infrared coherent recombination, interferometric operation in 'split pupil' mode, N-band optical path stabilization using K-band fringe tracking and internal metrology, and eventually, active atmospheric dispersion correction. We report here on the progress made implementing these new functionalities, and discuss the initial levels of extinction achieved on the sky.
Tuning, Tying, and Training Texts Metaphors for Revision

We depend on language not only to write but also to conceptualize and communicate about composing. The various kinds of discourse about writing processes reveal the assumptions and values about wri...
Strong decays of strange quarkonia

In this paper we evaluate strong decay amplitudes and partial widths of strange mesons (strangeonia and kaonia) in the ${}^{3}{P}_{0}$ decay model. We give numerical results for all energetically allowed open-flavor two-body decay modes of all $n\overline{s}$ and $s\overline{s}$ strange mesons in the $1S,$ $2S,$ $3S,$ $1P,$ $2P,$ $1D$ and $1F$ multiplets, comprising strong decays of a total of 43 resonances into 525 two-body modes, with 891 numerically evaluated amplitudes. This set of resonances includes all strange $q\overline{q}$ states with allowed strong decays expected in the quark model up to ca. 2.2 GeV. We use standard nonrelativistic simple harmonic oscillator quark model wave functions to evaluate these amplitudes, and quote numerical results for all amplitudes present in each decay mode. We also discuss the status of the associated experimental candidates, and note which states and decay modes would be especially interesting for future experimental study at hadronic, ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and photoproduction facilities. These results should also be useful in distinguishing conventional quark model mesons from exotica such as glueballs and hybrids through their strong decays.
The effects of β1- and β2-adrenergic blockade and calcium channel blockade on postresuscitation electrolyte changes

We have previously reported in dogs after ventricular fibrillation that (1) potassium and calcium levels decrease and magnesium and glucose increase, (2) all values return to control levels by 3 hours, and (3) propranolol blocks the changes in potassium, magnesium, and glucose but not calcium. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the beta 1- and beta 2-selectivity of changes in potassium, magnesium, and glucose and assess the response of the change in calcium to calcium channel blockade. Before initiating ventricular fibrillation, we pretreated dogs with an intravenous solution of either normal saline, metoprolol, ICI 118551 (two doses), or diltiazem. After a 2-minute episode of ventricular fibrillation, dogs were resuscitated. Baseline electrolyte measurements were obtained before ventricular fibrillation and sequentially for 3 hours after fibrillation. The saline-treated control group had a maximal decrease in the serum potassium level of 0.5 +/- 0.2 mEq/L. High-dose ICI 118551 reduced this decrease to 0.3 +/- 0.3 mEq/L (p = 0.055), but the other three groups showed no difference compared with the control group. Magnesium increased in the saline control group by 0.2 +/- 0.1 mEq/L. This increase was partially reduced by high-dose ICI 118551 to 0.1 +/- 0.1 (p = 0.055) but not by the other drugs. Glucose increased to 40 +/- 13 mg/dl in the saline control group. This increase was partially reduced by high-dose ICI 118551 to 23 +/- 6 mg/dl (p = 0.007) but not by the other drugs. Calcium showed a maximal decrease of 0.6 +/- 0.3 mg/dl in the control group. This decrease was not attenuated by any of the drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Beyond the racial exceptionalism of the Japanese internment

Assessing the significance of race in shaping American political history has long confronted the challenge of overcoming exceptionalist assumptions that have isolated and contained the racial dimen...
Ironclad C++: a library-augmented type-safe subset of c++

The C++ programming language remains widely used, despite inheriting many unsafe features from C---features that often lead to failures of type or memory safety that manifest as buffer overflows, use-after-free vulnerabilities, or abstraction violations. Malicious attackers can exploit such violations to compromise application and system security.This paper introduces Ironclad C++, an approach to bringing the benefits of type and memory safety to C++. Ironclad C++ is, in essence, a library-augmented, type-safe subset of C++. All Ironclad C++ programs are valid C++ programs that can be compiled using standard, off-the-shelf C++ compilers. However, not all valid C++ programs are valid Ironclad C++ programs: a syntactic source-code validator statically prevents the use of unsafe C++ features. To enforce safety properties that are difficult to check statically, Ironclad C++ applies dynamic checks via templated ``smart pointer'' classes.Using a semi-automatic refactoring tool, we have ported nearly 50K lines of code to Ironclad C++. These benchmarks incur a performance overhead of 12% on average, compared to the original unsafe C++ code.
Responsiveness of health-related quality of life questionnaires in adults undergoing strabismus surgery

Objective To evaluate the responsiveness of 2 health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) questionnaires, the Adult Strabismus-20 (AS-20) and National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25), to changes in HRQOL after strabismus surgery. Design Cohort study. Participants We included 106 adults (aged 18–84 years; median, 48.5) undergoing strabismus surgery, 80 (75%) with diplopia and 26 (25%) without diplopia. Methods All participants completed AS-20 and VFQ-25 questionnaires preoperatively and a median of 7 weeks (range, 4–13) postoperatively. Using predefined clinical criteria, postoperative outcomes were graded as either "success" (n = 65), "partial success" (n = 32), or "failure" (n = 9). Main Outcome Measures For each questionnaire, mean composite and subscale scores (range, 0–100; worst to best HRQOL) were calculated for each patient. Median change in scores pre- to postoperatively was compared for successes, partial successes, and failures, and the proportion of patients whose scores exceeded 95% limits of agreement was calculated. Results Successfully aligned diplopic patients (n = 46) showed greater improvement than failures (n = 7) using both the AS-20 questionnaire (21.3 [quartiles 12.5–35.0] vs. 8.8 [3.8–12.5]; P = 0.002) and the VFQ-25 questionnaire (18.3 [8.6–26.1] vs 8.3 [0.8–13.5]; P = 0.02). Successfully aligned nondiplopic patients (n = 19) also showed greater improvement than failures (n = 2; AS-20, 23.8 [10.0–32.5] vs −3.1 [−10.0 to 3.8]; P = 0.05). In nondiplopic patients, changes on VFQ-25 were small but significantly greater for successes than failures (5.0 [0.0–10.1] vs −15.4 [−19.4 to −11.4]; P = 0.03). More successfully aligned patients showed improvement exceeding the 95% limits of agreement for AS-20 scores than VFQ-25 scores (67% vs 65% [ P = 0.8] for diplopic patients and 63% vs 21% [ P = 0.005] for nondiplopic patients). Conclusions The AS-20 and VFQ-25 questionnaires are responsive to improved HRQOL in adults undergoing successful strabismus surgery. Changes on VFQ-25 were smaller, particularly for nondiplopic strabismus. The AS-20 is more responsive than the VFQ-25 across the range of adult strabismus. Financial Disclosure(s) The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any of the materials discussed in this article.
Somatostatin in Hypothalamus, Extrahypothalamic Brain, and Peripheral Tissues of the Rat*

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for somatostatin has been developed using rabbit antiserum raised against cyclic somatostatin conjugated to thyroglobulin, radioiodinated [Tyr1]Jsomatostatin, and cyclic somatostatin standards. Damage to the tracer during the RIA incubation was prevented by the use of 0.25 M EDTA or lower EDTA concentrations plus Trasylol. The mean detection limit for 15 individual assays was 1.6 ± 0.4 pg (SD). Linear somatostatin showed 70% cross-reactivity in the assay but [Tyr1]somatostatin reacted the same extent as the cyclic somatostatin standards. Acetic acid extracts (1.0 N) of rat hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, other brain areas, and a number of visceral organs assayed in serial dilutions gave inhibition curves parallel to those of cyclic somatostatin. Recovery of tissue immunoreactivity based on addition studies was 82.8 ±9.0 (SEM)%. Gel filtration of rat hypothalamic, cerebral cortical, stomach, and pancreatic islet extracts revealed two immunoreactive peaks, one corresponding to synthe...
Comparison of High Temperature Crystal Lattice and Bulk Thermal Expansion Measurements of LGT Single Crystal

Among the langasite family of crystals (LGX), the three most popular materials are langasite (LGS, La3Ga5SiO14), langatate (LGT, La3Ga5.5Ta0.5O14) and langanite (LGN, La3Ga5.5Nb0.5O14). The LGX crystals have received significant attention for acoustic wave (AW) device applications due to several properties, which include: (1) piezoelectric constants about two and a half times those of quartz, thus allowing the design of larger bandwidth filters; (2) existence of temperature compensated orientations; (3) high density, with potential for reduced vibration and acceleration sensitivity; and (4) possibility of operation at high temperatures, since the LGX crystals do not present phase changes up to their melting point above 1400degC. The LGX crystals' capability to operate at elevated temperatures calls for an investigation on the growth quality and the consistency of these materials' properties at high temperature. One of the fundamental crystal properties is the thermal expansion coefficients in the entire temperature range where the material is operational. This work focuses on the measurement of the LGT thermal expansion coefficients from room temperature (25degC) to 1200degC. Two methods of extracting the thermal expansion coefficients have been used and compared: a) dual push-rod dilatometry, which provides the bulk expansion; and b) x-ray powder diffraction, which provides the lattice expansion. Both methods were performed over the entire temperature range and considered multiple samples taken from Czochralski grown LGT material. The thermal coefficients of expansion were extracted by approximating each expansion data set to a third order polynomial fit over three temperature ranges reported in this work: 25degC to 400degC, 400degC to 900degC, 900degC to 1200degC. An accuracy of fit better than 35ppm for the bulk expansion and better than 10ppm for the lattice expansion have been obtained with the aforementioned polynomial fitting. The percentage difference between the bulk and the lattice fitted expansion responses over the entire temperature range of 25degC to 1200degC is less than 2% for the three crystalline axes, which indicates the high quality and growth consistency of the LGT crystal measured
The continuation inverse problem revisited

SUMMARY The non-uniqueness of the continuation of a finite collection of harmonic potential field data to a level surface in the source-free region forces its treatment as an inverse problem. A formalism is proposed for the construction of continuation functions which are extremal by various measures. The problem is cast in such a form that the inverse problem solution is the potential function on the lowest horizontal surface above all sources, serving as the boundary function for the Dirichlet problem in the upper halfplane. The desired continuation, at the higher level of interest, must then be in the range of the upward continuation operator acting on this boundary function, rather than being allowed the full freedom of itself being part of a Dirichlet problem boundary function. Extremal solutions minimize non-linear functionals of the continuation function, which are re-expressed as diVerent functionals of the boundary function. A crux of the method is that there is no essential distinction between the upward and downward continuation inverse problems to levels above or below data locations. Casting the optimization as a Lagrange multiplier problem leads to an integral equation for the boundary function, which is readily solved in the Fourier domain for a certain class of functionals. The desired extremal continuation is then given by upward continuation. It is found that for some functionals, application of the Lagrange multiplier theorem requires a further restriction on the set of allowable boundary functions: bandlimitedness is a natural choice for the continuation problem. With this imposition, the theory is developed in detail for semi-norm functionals penalizing departure from a constant potential, in the 2-norm and Sobelev norm senses, and illustrated by application for a small synthetic Deep Tow magnetic field data set.
Exercise-induced brachial artery vasodilation: role of free radicals

Originally thought of as simply damaging or toxic “accidents” of in vivo chemistry, free radicals are becoming increasingly recognized as redox signaling molecules implicit in cellular homeostasis....
His late master's voice (transcript of discussion)

My name is Mike Burmester and I will be talking about localization privacy, which I will distinguish from location privacy. First I will try to motivate the topic--this is a novel application. Then I will explain the title of this talk: "His Late Master's Voice", and I will say something about RFID technologies, which I will be using. I will present three protocols: the idea is to try to capture the essence of this distinctive steganographic attribute which is localization. I will talk about the adversarial model towards the end; clearly this is not the way to design good (secure) protocols, but because my application is novel I will break the rules.
Imaging, dosimetry, and radioimmunotherapy with iodine 131-labeled anti-CD37 antibody in B-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSEThis study was undertaken to evaluate the tumor targeting, toxicity, and therapeutic potential of the anti-B-cell-reactive monoclonal antibody MB-1 (anti-CD37) labeled with iodine 131 given in a nonmarrow ablative dose range in B-cell lymphoma patients who relapsed after chemotherapy.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwelve patients with MB-1-reactive tumors were infused first with 40 mg of trace-labeled (3 to 7 mCi) MB-1. Ten patients who had no serious toxicity postinfusion and who had successful tumor imaging on serial gamma scans then received at least one 40-mg radioimmunotherapy (RIT) dose (25 to 161 mCi). Tracer estimates of delivered whole-body dose (WBD) were used in prescribing a millicurie RIT dose for seven patients.RESULTSEleven patients had positive tumor imaging after a tracer dose, including patients with bulky tumors and/or large tumor burdens (> or = 1 kg) +/- splenomegaly. However, overall sensitivity for the detection of known tumor sites was only 39%. In six of eight patients with dose-asses...
Time-Resolved Photocarrier Decay For Mid-Infrared Materials With Excitation Correlation

Perhaps die most frequently used approach to measuring electron-hole recombination rates in semiconductors is to examine photoluminescence decay. If me luminescence is at a wavelength of 1.5 μm or shorter, decay can be measured with picosecond time resolution using a streak camera, photodiode, or photon counting apparatus. Time-resolving photoluminescence in the mid-infrared is problematic because of the lack of fast photodiodes or suitable photocathodes for these wavelengths. Excitation correlation (EC) is an alternative to time-resolved luminescence that requires only slow photodetectors.1-3 Previously, EC has been used to measure carrier decay for materials emitting in die visible and near infrared. Here we extend die technique to die mid-infrared. We describe numerical calculations to derive Shockley-Read, radiative, and Auger coefficients.
Pressure Dependence of the Resistivity of CE3AL

Above 200C the compound Ce3Al has a cubic (Cu3Au) structure; below 200C it transforms to a. hexagonal (Ni3Sn) phase. The susceptibility in these phases is of Curie-Weiss form χ(T) = C/(T+θ) with μeff = 2.52 μB and 0 = 24K. The situation is reminiscent of the γ-β transition in elemental cerium3; the high temperature phase being γ-like (i.e., fcc but with the Al atoms at the cell corners) and the lower temperature phase being β-like (although ordered hcp rather than dhcp). For this reason we have undertaken studies of the pressure and temperature dependence of the resistivity ρ(P;T) to search for evidence of a transition to an α-Ce-like state. We find that given sufficiently high purity samples there is a structural transition near 100K which may indeed be isomorphic (i.e., involve no change in crystal symmetry as in the γ-α transition of Ce). The behavior in the low temperature phase varies rapidly with pressure: it is a heavy fermion antiferromagnet at P=0 but transforms smoothly to a nonmagnetic large Kondo temperature compound at higher pressures analogous to α-cerium.