cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effectiveness of frozen platelet concentrates for transfusion

Six patients received platelet concentrate transfusions from their HLA- identical siblings. Platelet concentrates were administered either fresh, or after being frozen in 10% dimethylsulfoxide, at a slow controlled rate (1 degree C/min) or rapidly (approximately 8 degrees C/min) in the vapor-phase of a liquid nitrogen refrigerator. The median freeze-thaw loss was 13.5%. The mean 1-hr and 20-hr corrected increments in platelet count were calculated for fresh platelet concentrates transfused before and after transfusion with controlled- rate frozen and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates. There was no significant difference among the first and second transfusion of fresh platelet concentrates, nor was the difference observed between fresh and controlled-rate frozen platelet concentrates significant. The difference between fresh and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates, and between controlled-rate frozen and vapor-phase frozen platelet concentrates were highly significant (p
10 – Binary Solutions

A binary solution constitutes two chemical components mutually dissolved on an atomic scale. We study its molar Gibbs free energy as a function of mole fraction at various temperatures and fixed pressure. Chemical potentials are calculated by the method of intercepts. Below a critical temperature, the common tangent construction demonstrates equilibrium between two phases having different mole fractions that lie on a curve that bounds a miscibility gap. Ideal solutions are those whose components do not interact energetically and whose entropy compared to unmixed components is due only to random configuration of the components; they have no miscibility gap. An ideal solid solution and an ideal liquid solution, however, are separated by a lens-shaped miscibility gap for temperatures between melting points of the pure components. A regular solution based on a mean-field model allows components to have energetic interactions; repulsive interactions result in a miscibility gap and a spinodal curve below a critical temperature in the composition-temperature plane.
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS INSECTICIDES IN CONTROLLING PEPPER WEEVIL ON ‘JALAPENO’ PEPPER, 2001

'Jalapeno' pepper transplants were set 28 Mar, 12 inches apart on 8-inch high and 32-inch wide beds of Rockdale soil in a commercial field, Homestead, FL. The beds were fumigated 2 wk prior to setting transplants with a mixture containing 67% methyl bromide and 33% chloropicrin at 220 lb/acre. The beds were supplied with drip irrigation lines and covered with 1.5-mil thick black polyethylene mulch. Pepper plants were irrigated twice daily using a drip system. Fertilizer (N-P-K mix) was applied at 200-50-240 lb/acre. To control weeds, trifluralin (Treflan EC, 24 lb (product)/acre) was used once 6 days before planting, supplemented during the middle of the season with mechanical cultivation. Treatments evaluated were: (1) Untreated check, (2) Actara 2 SC 70 and 96 g (AI)/ha, and (3) Vydate 1,128 g (AI)/ha. Treatment plots consisted of 3 beds each 30 ft long and were arranged in an RCB design with four replications. A 5-ft long untreated planted area separated each replication. Soil application of insecticides was made in a greenhouse 2 d prior to setting the transplants in the field. Foliar applications of insecticides were made at weekly intervals for 4 wk on 30 Apr and 8, 15, and 22 May, using a backpack sprayer with two nozzles per row at 30 psi, delivering 70 gpa. Effectiveness of each treatment was evaluated 24 h after each foliar application by thoroughly checking 5 plants per treatment plot for pepper weevil adults and infested fruits. Evaluation was also made by collecting all marketable fruits from the treatment plots.
On the I-Centers of a Triangle

(1918). On the I-Centers of a Triangle. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 25, No. 6, pp. 241-246.
Effect of pH on MM virus.

SummaryIn various buffers. MM virus was stable at room temperature only at neutral or alkaline reactions. When diluted virus was exposed at approximately pH 1.0 to neutrality the infectivity was diminished within twenty-four hours. There was a slower decrease in virus titer at pH 9 to 10. At pH 7 to 9, the virus was found to be stable for more than seven days. The deleterious effect of unfavorable pH was less for concentrated virus suspensions. MM virus was apparently more stable in distilled water acidified with hydrochloric or acetic acid than in acidified physiologic saline or in veronal-acetate buffer solutions of approximately the same pH value.
An auditory nerve stimulation chip with integrated AFE, sound processing, and power management for fully implantable cochlear implants

This paper presents a system on chip for a fully implantable cochlear implant. It includes acoustic sensor frontend, 4-channel digital sound processing and auditory nerve stimulation circuitry. It also features a digital, switched mode, single inductor dual output power supply that generates two regulated voltages; 0.4 V used to supply on-chip digital blocks and 0.9 V to supply analog blocks and charge the battery when an external RF source is detected. All passives are integrated on-chip including the inductor. The system was implemented in 14nm CMOS and validated with post layout simulations.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder developmental trajectories related to parental expressed emotion.

UNLABELLED In the transition from childhood to adolescence, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) developmental trajectories diverge. Family environment, as indexed by parental expressed emotion, may moderate these trajectories. 388 children with ADHD and 127 controls were assessed using multi-informant, multimethod diagnostic procedures at up to 3 time points 1 year apart in an accelerated longitudinal design spanning ages 7-13 years. Latent-class growth analysis was used to identify developmental trajectories for parent- and teacher-rated ADHD and oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms within the ADHD sample. Parental expressed emotion, criticism, and emotional overinvolvement were coded from a 5-min speech sample at 2 time points, 1 year apart, for 208 of these children and compared among ADHD trajectory groups. RESULTS Parent-rated hyperactivity yielded a 4-class trajectory solution in latent-class growth analysis; teacher-rated inattention yielded a 3-trajectory solution. Teacher-rated ODD also yielded 3-trajectory solution. A parent-rated high persistent hyperactive group was more likely than the other ADHD groups to have parents with stable high criticism (34.6%, p < .001), with ODD symptoms controlled. A teacher-identified high ODD-worsening group was more likely to experience high criticism, particularly the initial time point; (87.5%, p < .001), with hyperactivity controlled. Parental criticism, an index of the family environment, is uniquely associated with divergent developmental trajectories among children with ADHD in addition to those associated with ODD symptoms. Lay summary: For many children, ADHD symptoms decrease as they transition to adolescence. Family environmental factors, such as parental criticism, may help explain for whom symptom remission is less likely.
Inhibition effect of quality improver on retrogradation of simulated rice food

The anti-retrogradation effect of the emulsifiers,hydrophilic colloids,and modified starch on simulated rice food was evaluated to determine the optimum complex quality improver by using texture analyzer.According to the single factor experiments,monoglyceride,guar gum,hydroxypropylated glutinous rice starch were selected.By using the response surface method,the optimum complex quality improver was determined as following: monoglyceride 1%,guar gum 1.06%,hydroxypropylated glutinous rice starch 4%.The verification tests showed that the complex quality improver could effectively delay retrogradation of the rice food.
Neighborhood experience and mental health.

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate individual mental health in the context of their social environment. Specifically, variables across different levels, including a person's attributes, neighborhood experience, and community characteristics, were examined to explore their relationship with that person's mental health. Methods Communities in southern Taiwan, including 1 district from Kaohsiung City and 4 townships (hsiang) from Kaohsiung County, were purposively selected to represent 3 different types (urban, suburban, and rural) of communities, after which, by random sampling, 416 subjects were recruited for the interview survey in 1998. A questionnaire containing a measure for mental health (CHQ) and perceptions of neighborhood experience was administered for data collection. At the same time, data derived from governmental archives were collected to indicate the characteristics of a community, and these included population density, community socioeconomic condition, and community stability. Results Multivariate analysis showed that personal income, community socioeconomic condition, and perceived social support from the neighborhood were statistically significant when associated with a person's mental health status. It seems that influence of an individual's mental health status was affected not only by that person's attributes, but also by the neighborhood within which he/she experiences daily life. Conclusion With respect to the strategy for implementing future mental health promotion programs, a further clarification of the relationship between social conditions and mental health is needed.
Emergency Department Death Rates Dropped By Nearly 50 Percent, 1997-2011.

Between 1997 and 2011, there was a nearly 50 percent reduction in US emergency department mortality rates for adults. This trend likely has many causes, related to advances in palliative, prehospital, and emergency care.
Einleitung und theoretische Grundlagen

Die verschiedenen Methoden der Chromatographie liefern die wirksamsten Trenntechniken in einem chemischen Labor. Die grundlegenden Ideen sind leicht zu verstehen. Neben sehr einfachen Analysentechniken gibt es aber auch ziemlich aufwendige Gerate und Arbeitsvorgange, wobei die entsprechenden Methoden dem jeweiligen Substanztyp angepast werden konnen. Obwohl das Wort Chromatographie auf Farben hindeutet, so gibt es keine direkte Verbindung dazu, auser das die ersten mit dieser Technik getrennten Substanzen grune Pigmente aus Pflanzen waren.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

A computerized PubMed search of MEDLINE 1966–May 2006 was performed. The terms “thyroid,” “papillary,” and “thyroidectomy” were exploded and the resulting articles were cross-referenced, yielding 2203 trials. An additional search was performed to identify those that mapped to the medical subject headings “thyroid neoplasms” and “thyroidectomy,” as well as the text word “papillary,” which yielded 1139 studies. These articles were then reviewed to identify those that met the following inclusion criteria: 1) patient population with “low risk papillary thyroid carcinoma,” 2) intervention with total thyroidectomy versus unilateral lobectomy, 3) outcome measured in terms of survival (cause specific, overall, or otherwise) and disease recurrence. Articles were excluded if they included mixed follicular and papillary groups or did not specifically analyze low-risk groups. Many related papers pooled papillary and follicular cancers together. Although these two cancers are similar, they are also separate entities with clearly different natural histories and patterns of spread.
Intersecting Disadvantages: Race, Gender, and Age Discrimination Among Attorneys*

Objective This article explores the impact of race, gender, age, and intersectionality on attorneys' perceptions of unfair treatment by other lawyers and on satisfaction with their legal careers. Method Using an original survey of over 2,000 attorneys, ordered logit is utilized to analyze attorneys’ perceptions of disparate treatment based on race, gender, and age and to test whether minority female attorneys face unique barriers within their professional relationships. Results We find that minority women are more likely than others to perceive unfair treatment based on race, gender, and age. This also contributes to lower career satisfaction for attorneys who are women of color than for other groups. Conclusion The findings have important implications for understanding attorney relationships and potential barriers for minority groups within a profession's culture. These obstacles not only impact attorneys, but could also influence attorney choice for citizens and the prospects for a representative judiciary.
Time for nonaddictive relief of pain.

Much has been written recently about the prevalence of chronic pain ( 1 ), the dramatic increase in opioid prescriptions in the United States over the past 15 years, the concomitant rise in opioid dependency and addiction, and the quadrupling of deaths from opioid abuse. Although indispensable for managing acute severe traumatic pain and pain in a palliative setting, most opioids are prescribed either by dentists or by primary practitioners for chronic nonmalignant pain, and marketed aggressively to consumers for the latter, despite no scientific evidence supporting such treatment beyond 12 weeks ( 1 ). On the contrary, chronic opioid use can itself lead to pain. Most abuse (perhaps 70%) involves access to opioids that are prescribed for others—a diversion problem.
Variable Lysozyme Transport Dynamics on Oxidatively Functionalized Polystyrene Films

Tuning protein adsorption dynamics at polymeric interfaces is of great interest to many biomedical and material applications. Functionalization of polymer surfaces is a common method to introduce application-specific surface chemistries to a polymer interface. In this work, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is utilized to determine the adsorption dynamics of lysozyme, a well-studied antibacterial protein, at the interface of polystyrene oxidized via UV exposure and oxygen plasma and functionalized by ligand grafting to produce varying degrees of surface hydrophilicity, surface roughness, and induced oxygen content. Single-molecule tracking indicates lysozyme loading capacities, and surface mobility at the polymer interface is hindered as a result of all functionalization techniques. Adsorption dynamics of lysozyme depend on the extent and the specificity of the oxygen functionalities introduced to the polystyrene surface. Hindered adsorption and mobility are dominated by hydrophobic effects attribut...
Influence of solute partitioning on the microstructure and growth stresses in nanocrystalline Fe(Cr) thin films

Abstract This paper addresses how solute segregation and phase separation evolves the intrinsic growth stresses for Fe-4Cr and Fe-16Cr (at.%) nanocrystalline films. Ambient temperature deposition resulted in both alloys exhibiting a near equivalent tensile stress though the average grain sizes were approximately 50 nm and 100 nm respectively. Upon heating during deposition to 523 K and 673 K, the tensile stress was reduced in each film and it eventually became compressive for the higher deposition temperature. Interestingly, the Fe-16Cr film, at the higher heating temperature, diverted from the steady state compressive stress towards a tensile stress after approximately 150 nm of growth. The collective stress evolution of these films is discussed in terms of their phase separation, which can include spinodal deposition, as a function of Cr content and processing temperature. It was found that Cr acted as a grain refiner which appeared to dominate the film microstructure and associated stress response.
Plastic Surgery Resident-Run Cosmetic Clinics: A Survey of Current Practices.

Background The recently increased minimum aesthetic surgery requirements set by the Plastic Surgery Residency Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education highlight the importance of aesthetic surgery training for plastic surgery residents. Participation in resident aesthetic surgery clinics has become an important tool to achieve this goal. Yet, there is little literature on the current structure of these clinics. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate current practices of aesthetic resident-run clinics in the United States. Methods A survey examining specific aspects of chief resident clinics was distributed to 70 plastic surgery resident program directors in the United States. Thirty-five questions sought to delineate clinic structure, procedures and services offered, financial cost to the patient, and satisfaction and educational benefit derived from the experience. Results Fifty-two questionnaires were returned, representing 74.2% of programs surveyed. Thirty-two (63%) reported having a dedicated resident aesthetic surgery clinic at their institution. The most common procedures performed were abdominoplasty (n = 20), breast augmentation (n = 19), and liposuction (n = 16). Most clinics offered neuromodulators (n = 29) and injectable fillers (n = 29). The most common billing method used was a 50% discount on surgeon fee, with the patient being responsible for the entirety of hospital and anesthesia fees. Twenty-six respondents reported feeling satisfied or very satisfied with their resident aesthetic clinic. Conclusions The authors found aesthetic chief resident clinics to differ greatly in their structure. Yet the variety of procedures and services offered makes participation in these clinics an effective training method for the development of both aesthetic surgical technique and resident autonomy.
Constraint Satisfaction Techniques for Combinatorial Problems

The last two decades have seen extraordinary advances in industrial applications of constraint satisfaction techniques, while combinatorial problems have been pushed to the sidelines. We propose a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art in constraint satisfaction problems when applied to combinatorial problems in areas such as graph theory, set theory, algebra, among others. We believe such a study will provide us with a deeper understanding about the limitations we still face in constraint satisfaction problems.
Transcription Factors and Inflammatory Gene Regulation

In chronic inflammatory diseases, the expression of multiple genes, including those for cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, receptors, and inflammatory enzymes, is often upregulated. The problem for many academic or industrial scientists is to elucidate the mechanisms behind this upregulation to further the understanding of inflammation or to explore possible means of therapeutic intervention. Common research problems faced by investigators would be to analyze the regulation of a novel gene in response to various inflammatory stimuli or alternatively to investigate the mechanisms of induction of an established gene in response to novel stimuli. Whereas the induction of many inflammatory genes is thought to occur, at least partly, at the level of increased transcription, it is important to address the possible role of posttranscriptional, translational, or even posttranslational control. For example, release or synthesis of the protein of interest from suitably stimulated cells could be examined in the presence or absence of transcriptional inhibitors, such as actinomycin D, or translational inhibitors, such as cycloheximide. Thus, a dependence on de novo transcription and/or translation may be demonstrated. Therefore, whether the protein of interest is simply released from preformed cellular stores or is synthesized from preformed mRNA can be elucidated. Northern blot analysis, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), or ribonuclease protection assays can be used to examine steady-state mRNA levels, which if elevated gives rise to a presumption of transcriptional control
The Radiation-Induced Addition of Tritium to Unsaturated Systems

The importance of the Wilzbach gas exposure technique for the tritium labeling of a wide variety of organic and biological compounds is well established. When the compounds being irradiated by this method contain an unsaturated carbon linkage, one of the more important side reactions is the addition of tritium. In some cases, which will be discussed later, this can be used to advantage. However, for most applications it would be desirable to prevent the addition of tritium to unsaturated systems.
Applications of Controlled Pore Inert Materials as Immobilizing Surfaces for Microbial Consortia in Wastewater Treatment

Bioprocess technology, in the form of immobilized cells and organelles, is rapidly coming to the forefront in the third industrial revolution, as the platform upon which new “biotech” industries will be based. The number of organic compounds introduced into the environment by humans has increased dramatically in recent years (Pfaender and Bartholomew, 1982). As a consequence of this xenobiotic, i.e., man-made, pollution, the fate of these compounds, such as pesticides, in the environment is an important issue. Of particular concern is disappearance, persistence, and/or partial transformation of such compounds and their potential hazardous effect. While many are readily biodegradable, others have proven to be recalcitrant and persistent in soil and water. In recent years, a great deal of research has been done on the biochemistry and genetics of toxicant-degrading microorganisms. Both the newer literature on biotechnology, and the older literature on industrial microbiology, describe commercial processes in which microorganisms play important roles. Although some bacteria can cause adverse effects, most species are benign, and many are involved in processes of direct benefit to man.
Observation of the Bose Peak in NanometerSized Liquid Water Clusters using Terahertz Spectroscopy

We report the first observation of the disorder-induced Bose peak in nanometersized liquid water pools. The size-dependent properties of the peak permit us to rule out Rayleigh scattering as a possible mechanism for the formation of this ubiquitous feature of amorphous materials.
William Alston on Justification and Epistemic Circularity

In a series of articles William Alston has done much to clarify the concept of epistemic justification and to delineate some limits and presuppositions of epistemology. It is important to examine his discussion here, for he objects to Sextus’s dilemma of the criterion. Considering his objection will help bring out some important features of Hegel’s response to this dilemma. Alston considers three basic kinds of belief justifiers: neurophysiological “mechanisms” that reliably cause beliefs; “direct” or “immediate” belief justifiers, such as conscious states or sensory experiences; and “mediate” or “indirect” belief justifiers, other justified beliefs that justify a particular belief.1 As a special case of mediate justification, the justification of a belief by means of demonstrative argument will be of central concern here. Alston presents a defense of “direct justification” that favors reliabilist accounts of knowledge.2 His defense involves arguing that the fundamental conception of justification in epistemology cannot be a “deontological” conception, according to which a belief is justified insofar as adopting it violates no intellectual obligations, and that the “K-K” thesis, the thesis that one must know that one knows that p in order to know that p, is to be rejected. This is the key to his rejection of Sextus’s dilemma and regress arguments and to Alston’s solution of problems of epistemic circularity.
Disruption induced voltages and loads on torus sectors

The rapid decay of magnetic flux during a plasma disruption induces voltages, currents, and Lorentz loadings in nearby electrically-conducting material. Present designs employ toroidal shells or shell segments near the plasma. These shells are divided into sectors for assembly and maintenance considerations, but may have toroidally-continuous conducting paths due to the need for vacuum boundaries. Voltages induced across sector gaps may initiate arcing and subsequent material damage. In addition, induced eddy currents in the shells can interact with the toroidal field and generate large net torques on a sector. A finite element model was used to estimate the induced sector gap voltages and net overturning moments following a 10 ms disruption. The number of shells, toroidal continuity, resistivity, and shell thicknesses were varied. Results are presented that show the effects of these changes on the sector gap voltages and induced loads.
The Effect of Corporate Environmental Performance on Corporate Financial Performance

This review explores the effect of corporate environmental performance on financial performance. In particular, it reviews the empirical evidence on this effect. Conceptually, stronger environmenta...
Neuroscience Informed Prolonged Exposure Practice: Increasing Efficiency and Efficacy Through Mechanisms

Prolonged exposure (PE) is an empirically supported efficacious treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this focused review, we briefly review the neurobiological networks in PTSD relevant to PE, discuss the theoretical basis of PE, review the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of PE and identify the enhancements that can be applied to increase treatment response and retention. Based on the reviewed studies, it is clear that PTSD results in disrupted network of interconnected regions, and PE has been shown to increase the connectivity within and between these regions. Successful extinction recall in PE is related to increased functional coherence between the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), amygdala and the hippocampus. Increased connectivity within the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) following PE is associated with more effective downregulation of emotional responses in stressful situations. Pre-existing neural connectivity also in some cases predicts response to exposure treatment. We consider various enhancements that have been used with PE, including serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), D-cycloserine (DCS), allopregnanolone (ALLO) and propranolol, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), oxytocin and MDMA. Given that neural connectivity appears to be crucial in mechanisms of action of PE, rTMS is a logical target for further research as an enhancement of PE. Additionally, exploring the effectiveness and mechanisms of action of oxytocin and MDMA in conjunction with PE may lead to improvement in treatment engagement and retention.
Evaluation of ventricular arrhythmogenesis in children with acute rheumatic carditis.

Background Recent studies have shown that the Tp-e interval, which on an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the interval between the peak and the end of the T wave, can be used as an index of transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarisation (TDR). Both Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios have also been used in that capacity. However, these novel repolarisation indices have not previously been studied in children with acute rheumaticcarditis (ARC). Methods A hundred and thirty-nine children who were diagnosed with ARC and 153 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve-lead ECGs were used to evaluate P-wave, QT and QTc dispersions, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QT ratios. Results The mean age of the patients was 10.9 ± 2.4 years. The P-wave, QT and QTc dispersions were significantly higher in patients compared to the healthy control subjects. The Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were also significantly increased in patients compared to the controls. When the patients were compared in terms of either one- or two-valve involvement, we found no difference between the groups regarding P-wave, QTd and QTc dispersions, Tp-e interval, and Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QT c ratios. There was no correlation between acute-phase reactants, white blood cell count and these repolarisation parameters. Conclusions This study showed that the new transmural dispersion of ventricular repolarisation parameters, Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratios and QTd were increased in children with ARC. Prolongation of the Tp-e interval and an increased Tp-e/QT ratio might be useful markers for predicting myocardial involvement in children with ARC.
Elastic constants and structural stability of non-stoichiometric epsilon Ɛ-Fe2.4C carbide

Abstract While the elastic properties of cementite are known, there is no corresponding experimental or theoretical data available for the well-known hexagonal Ɛ-Fe2.4C carbide. In this study we investigated the dynamical and mechanical stability of different configurational structures of the hexagonal Ɛ-Fe2.4C carbide. A reliable structural model was established through the ground state energy and phonon calculations, and was used to calculate the elastic constants. The DOS calculations of that structure revealed a strong covalent bonding between Iron and C as shown by low occupation of states at the Fermi level. The calculated mechanical properties (i.e. Young's modulus Y and shear modulus G) of Ɛ-Fe2.4C carbide surpass those of the ubiquitous θ-Fe3C cementite. The calculated elastic properties are predictions, which can be used as an input to establish reliable models for steel development.
Clinical outcomes of patients with POLE-mutated endometrioid endometrial cancer

Abstract Objectives Assess outcomes of a clinical cohort of patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) harboring somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations (EDMs). Methods Patients were consented to a protocol of tumor-normal massively parallel sequencing of 410–468 cancer related genes. EECs subjected to sequencing from 2014 to 2018 were reviewed. Tumors with somatic POLE EDMs were identified. EECs were assessed for microsatellite instability (MSI) using MSIsensor and immunohistochemical analysis for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins. Results Of the 451 EECs sequenced, 23 had a POLE EDM (5%): 20 primary and 3 recurrent tumors sequenced. Nineteen cases (83%) were stage I/II and 4 (17%) were stages III/IV. Thirteen EECs (57%) were of FIGO grades 1/2, 10 (43%) grade 3. All patients were treated with surgery and 17 (89%) received adjuvant therapy. Five (22%) demonstrated loss of DNA MMR protein expression, none were due to Lynch syndrome. MSIsensor scores were conclusive for 21 samples: 19 were microsatellite stable and 2 MSI-high. After median follow-up of 30 months, 4/23 (17%) developed recurrences: 3 with initial grade 3 stage I and 1 with grade 1 stage III disease. One patient with grade 2 stage IV EEC had progressive disease after treatment. Conclusions Patients with POLE EDM EEC have been shown to have a favorable prognosis. In this real-world cohort of patients, de novo metastatic disease and recurrences in initially uterine-confined cases were observed. Further research is warranted before incorporating the presence of POLE EDM into decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy.
Immune Tolerance in Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disorders

Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts genetically predisposed individuals and is associated with T lymphocyte-mediated damage to the myelin sheath of neurons in the central nervous system, resulting in severely impaired signal transmission. The mechanisms of the induction and manifestation of MS are not entirely understood. The control of autoimmune disorders is accomplished by both central tolerance in which autoreactive T lymphocytes are eliminated in the thymus and by tolerance mechanisms that operate in the periphery. Among the many mechanisms described, T regulatory (Treg) cells derived from the thymus (tTregs) and induced (iTregs) in the periphery as well as T regulatory type 1 cells (Tr1) are involved in many disease models. However, the precise details of the generation and perpetuation of these various Treg subsets and their relevance to the regulation of autoimmune diseases remain elusive. In this review, we critically analyze the current knowledge of the tolerance mechanisms involved in the regulation of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
[Clinical efficacy of different waves of electroacupuncture on knee osteoarthritis and its effect on TGF-β1 in joint fluid].

OBJECTIVE To observe the therapeutic effects of different waves of electroacupuncture (EA) on knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and to explore the mechanism of different waves of EA on promoting cartilage repair. METHODS Ninety- seven patients with KOA were randomly divided into a dilatational wave group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off), a continuous wave group (32 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a discontinuous wave group (33 cases, 3 cases dropped off). The same acupoints of Xuehai (SP 10), Liangqiu (ST 34), Dubi (ST 35) and Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) were selected in the three groups. The dilatational wave (frequency of 2 Hz/10 Hz) was used in the dilatational wave group, the continuous wave (frequency of 10 Hz) was used in the continuous wave group, and the discontinuous wave (frequency of 10 Hz) was used in the discontinuous wave group. All the needles were retained for 30 min. All the treatment was given 3 times a week (on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) for 4 weeks. Lysholm knees scoring scale (LKSS) was used to evaluate the knee joint function before and after treatment, and the content of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the joint effusion before and after treatment was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Compared before treatment, the total score and each score of LKSS were increased after treatment in the three groups (all P<0.05). The improvements of total score, pain score, instability score, swelling score of LKSS in the continuous wave group and the dilatational wave group were superior to those in the discontinuous wave group (all P<0.05). The content of TGF-β1 in the joint effusion in each group was increased after treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement in dilatational wave group was superior to thoes in the continuous wave group and the discontinuous wave group (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION The three different waves of EA could all improve the clinical symptoms of KOA, which may promote cartilage repair by increasing TGF-β1 content. The dilatational wave had the best overall effect, which can be used as a clinical optimal treatment.
THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN BSW PROGRAMS: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION IN THE U.S.

The Council on Social Work Education's (CSWE) instruction on diversity and social justice is central to the mission of social work education. The population of the United States has become more div...
Investigating split-filter dual-energy CT for improving liver tumor visibility for radiation therapy.

Purpose Accurate liver tumor delineation is crucial for radiation therapy, but liver tumor volumes are difficult to visualize with conventional single-energy CT. This work investigates the use of split-filter dual-energy CT (DECT) for liver tumor visibility by quantifying contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Methods Split-filter DECT contrast-enhanced scans of 20 liver tumors including cholangiocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas, and liver metastases were acquired. Analysis was performed on the arterial and venous phases of mixed 120 kVp-equivalent images and VMIs at 57 keV and 40 keV gross target volume (GTV) contrast and CNR were calculated. Results For the arterial phase, liver GTV contrast was 12.1 ± 10.0 HU and 43.1 ± 32.3 HU (P 0.141)). For individual cases, however, CNR increases of up to 607% were measured for the 40 keV VMIs compared to the mixed image. Venous phase 40 keV VMIs demonstrated an average increase of 35.4 HU in GTV contrast and 121% increase in image noise. Average CNR values were also not statistically different, but for individual cases CNR increases of up to 554% were measured for the 40 keV VMIs compared to the mixed image. Conclusions Liver tumor contrast was significantly improved using split-filter DECT 40 keV VMIs compared to mixed images. On average, there was no statistical difference in CNR between the mixed images and VMIs, but for individual cases, CNR was greatly increased for the 57 keV and 40 keV VMIs. Therefore, although not universally successful for our patient cohort, split-filter DECT VMIs may provide substantial gains in tumor visibility of certain liver cases for radiation therapy treatment planning.
Effect of Tensile Mean Strain on Fatigue Behavior of Al-Li Alloy 2099

In this study, the effect of tensile mean strain on the fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy 2099-T83 was experimentally examined for the first time. In order to elucidate the effect of tensile mean strain on fatigue lives, strain-control fatigue testing was conducted at three strain ratios (R = − 1, 0.1, 0.7). Experimental results show that the application of greater mean strains during cyclic deformation resulted in shorter fatigue lives, particularly at lower strain amplitudes. At these lower strain amplitudes, the mean stress response to deformation did not fully relax as it did when subjected to larger strain amplitudes, where the effect of mean strains on fatigue performance was negligible. The Morrow and Smith–Watson–Topper mean strain correction models were implemented using monotonic and fully reversed fatigue properties in order to account for the damage associated with the relaxed mean stresses. A new model is presented that incorporates a mean stress sensitivity material property to capture, within a scatter band of three, the effects of tensile mean strains on the fatigue behavior of AA2099.
Accomplishments since 2010 for mentoring and tutoring: partnership in learning journal—a decade of the Irby team editorship

This final issue of Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning for 2020 includes research from scholars representing Illinois, Massachusetts, Texas, Vermont, Washington D.C., and Virginia in t...
“Keep Moving”: Experiences of People With Parkinson’s and Their Care Partners in a Dance Class

The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of people with Parkinson's (PwP) and their care partners (CPs) who participated in a Parkinson's-focused community dance class in a northeastern state of the United States. In this qualitative inquiry, participants included five PwP and their respective CPs (n = 5). Three major, recurrent, and interrelated themes emerged from the data. These themes were (a) keep moving, (b) compassion in action, and (c) acceptance and freedom in dance. These themes captured personal and environmental factors that influenced the participation of PwP and their CPs in a dance class and how they perceived that dance influenced their quality of life. The themes described the obstacles, motives, and perceived outcomes of participating in dance. The findings emphasize the need for future dance interventions and programs that consider the CPs' role in promoting participation for PwP in dance classes.
Does Crossing Historical DSA in Patients Undergoing Heart Transplantation Have Any Impact on Post-Transplant Outcomes?

Purpose Patients who are awaiting heart transplantation (HTx) have blood screened for circulating antibodies. Antibodies can sometimes come and go and not be detected at the time of HTx. However, there are instances when the patient has demonstrated donor specific antibodies (DSA) in the past but yet are not present at the time of HTx. It is not known whether these historical DSA have an impact on post-HTx outcomes. Methods Between 2010 and 2019, we assessed 11 patients awaiting HTx who had historical DSA but none detected at the time of HTx. These patients were compared to patients with DSA at the time of HTx and also compared to a non-sensitized group of patients undergoing HTx in a contemporaneous era. Post-HTx detection of DSA was performed and assessed if there was an amnestic response to the historical DSA. DSA are routinely checked post-HTx at 1, 3, 6, 12 months post-operatively. Other endpoints included 1-year freedom from any treated rejection, acute cellular rejection, and antibody-mediated rejection. 1-year survival, 1-year freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac event (NF-MACE, defined as MI, new CHF, PCI, ICD/pacemaker placement, stroke) and 1-year freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy were also recorded. Results Patients with historical DSA did not have an amnestic response with an increase of that specific DSA post-HTx. The historical DSA group compared to the non-sensitized group had no significant differences in 1-year survival, freedom from DSA, CAV, NF-MACE or rejections. Specifically, the historical DSA group did not appear to have an increase in any type of rejection in the first year post-HTx compared to (crossing) DSA at transplant group or the non-sensitized group. (See table) Conclusion Historical DSA does not appear to be a factor in terms of an amnestic response possibly due to the immunosuppression that is being administered. Therefore, crossing historical DSA at heart transplant does not appear to have adverse sequelae.
81. Medical management of endometriosis in adolescent women: a review of 91 cases of biopsy-confirmed endometriosis

Background Endometriosis is a debilitating disease affecting reproductive-aged women. While a broad array of endometriosis treatments exist, optimal regimens are not well-established. We sought to characterize the most common treatment modalities for endometriosis in adolescent and young adult females with biopsy-proven endometriosis. Methods This is a retrospective medical record review of 91 women aged 14-25 who underwent laparoscopy for pelvic pain with biopsy-proven endometriosis at a tertiary hospital system between January 2011 and September 2020. Patients were identified by appropriate CPT and ICD-9/10 codes. Initial and current hormonal treatments (defined as first treatment offered within 6 months of initial presentation, and treatment at most recent follow-up visit, respectively), along with age and BMI were summarized with descriptive statistics. This study was approved by the institutional review board. Results Oral contraceptives (OCPs) were the most common initial treatment (64%), followed by levonorgestrel IUD (LNG-IUD) (10%). Progestin-only formulations (low- and high-dose norethindrone) were offered to younger patients (age 15.9 ± 2.7 years), compared to those offered OCPs (19.9 ± 3.3 years) and LNG-IUD (21.9 ± 1.7 years). Median follow-up time was 36.7 (IQR 14.9-64.3) months from initial presentation and 17.9 (IQR 4.6-39.1) months from laparoscopy. Current treatments varied widely, and included OCPs (32%), LNG-IUD (18%), oral progestins (low- and high-dose norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone) (14%), elagolix (9%), leuprolide (8%), and one patient who underwent TLH-BSO at age 22. Oral adjuncts to LNG-IUD were common: usually low- or high-dose norethindrone (37% of patients with an LNG-IUD), but also included progesterone, OCPs, and elagolix. There was no apparent association between BMI and initial or current treatments. While 33% of patients had trialed elagolix or leuprolide at some point in their treatment, only 17% were currently taking these medications, suggesting a significant rate of discontinuation. Conclusions OCPs, LNG-IUD, and oral progestins were the mainstay of initial treatment, with progestin-only formulations offered to younger patients more frequently, likely due to concern of impaired skeletal growth with estrogen-containing therapy. Current treatments varied widely and included OCPs, LNG-IUD, oral progestins, elagolix, and leuprolide. Regimens combining these agents were common. While one third (33%) of patients had tried elagolix or leuprolide at some point in their treatment course, there was a high rate (50%) of discontinuation possibly due to side effects or insurance coverage. This pilot study may help define the spectrum of optimal treatment regimens for endometriosis in adolescent females.
In the Mindset of Opportunity: Proactive Mindset, Perceived Opportunities, and Role Attitudes.

Perceiving roles as fulfilling goals offers motivational benefits to students, and yet the features of individuals or contexts that align with seeing such role opportunities have not been studied s...
Unraveling porogenesis in nitrogen rich K+-activated carbons

Abstract Though potassium activation is one of the most common methods for producing high surface area porous carbons, a detailed understanding of the influence of precursor properties on the resulting physicochemical properties is lacking. To this end, polycondensation products of sucrose and melamine served as a useful platform to understand the role of precursor N content on the surface chemistry and porosity after potassium activation. By manipulating the nitrogen:carbon:potassium ratios in the precursors, a suite of porous carbons with variable surface areas (528–2740 m2/g) and nitrogen contents (0–22 at%) were synthesized. Analysis of both the byproducts and the carbons’ resulting physicochemical properties revealed a complex interplay of various known reaction schemes (viz., gas evolution, carbothermal reduction, chemical etching, and molten salt templating), which are not mutually exclusive and can each contribute to the resulting porosity and surface chemistry. With this comprehensive study and careful control of the precursor composition, we define specific nitrogen:potassium regimes where certain porogenesis pathways dominate. Our work emphasizes that straightforward mechanisms focused on carbothermal reduction and exfoliation cannot always explain porogenesis in nitrogen-rich carbons. This work endeavors to serve as a roadmap for greater understanding and control of the structure and chemistry of nitrogen-rich, potassium-activated porous carbons.
Time impacts of treating pervious concrete with sodium bicarbonate

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) deicers applications onto pervious concrete pavements can deteriorate the material, and studies investigate treatments to increase the concrete resistance to MgCl2 attacks. In this paper, pervious concrete specimens are subjected to a treatment with Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) solution, which seems to accelerate concrete carbonation and might hamper chemical reactions between MgCl2 deicer and hydroxides in cement mortar. All specimens had their compressive strength tested and the time frames before and after treatment varied. Results show that at least 2 months should be given post curing before treatment to not harm the concrete, and longer post treatment periods may be beneficial.
A Type of Theft

Most digital fonts come with two licensing options—personal or commercial use. However, there is little enforcement for those who do not purchase a commercial license but sell products designed with the fonts. Online marketplaces like Etsy, Amazon, Society6, and Redbubble, all in conjunction with the rapidly growing print-on-demand industry, have exacerbated this issue and have exposed the weakness of a font owners' protection. Even though websites where fonts are downloaded have terms of service posted, graphic designers have little incentive to adhere to the legal requirements. This paper will discuss the current protection of fonts, present a common, real-world hypothetical where current laws fail to protect a font owner, then propose remedies that could be implemented to increase a font owner's protection against infringement.