cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"A Necessary Part of Good Teaching": Using Book Clubs to Develop Preservice Teachers' Visions of Self

This study examined how the use of book clubs in a literacy methods class informed preservice, elementary teachers' visions of self as literacy teachers. Teachers began the study with the vision of teaching students the reading and writing skills they were weakest in. Teachers though transformed their visions to include culturally responsive teaching, becoming an activist, and creating spaces for struggling readers and writers to grow. However, the majority believed that it was important to utilize the pedagogical practices that were demanded by the schools they would work in so they could fit in and be identified as a good teacher. Teachers indicated that they would forgo their visions, engage in sub-standard literacy practices, and knowingly marginalize students, to obtain a positive professional identity.
Design and Robustness Analysis of Discrete Observers for Diesel Engine In-Cylinder Oxygen Mass Fraction Cycle-by-Cycle Estimation

This paper presents three discrete observer designs for cycle-by-cycle estimation of the in-cylinder oxygen mass fraction at the intake valve closing (IVC) on diesel engines equipped with exhaust gas recirculation systems. These observers can provide critical in-cylinder condition oxygen fraction information that is useful for control of combustion, in particular advanced combustion modes on a cycle-by-cycle basis. The observers were designed based on Lyapunov analysis and linear matrix inequality techniques. By input-to-state stability analysis, robust properties of the three observers were revealed. Simulations using a high fidelity, computational, GT-Power engine model exhibited that the observers can effectively estimate the in-cylinder oxygen mass fraction at IVC on a cycle-by-cycle basis at both steady-state and transient operations. In addition, comparisons were made to evaluate the observers' robustness against measurement and parametric uncertainties/inaccuracies, such as volumetric efficiency uncertainty, exhaust pressure sensor uncertainty, and temperature sensor dynamics. Experimental results from a medium-duty diesel engine were provided to show the effectiveness of the observers and to validate the in-cylinder oxygen fraction estimation in an indirect and innovative way by utilizing the measured cylinder pressure signals.
Winding mandrel design for the wide cable SSC dipole

The 50-mm coil (i.d.) Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipole magnets use wider cables to give a greater operational margin between the quench field and the operating field. The cable used for the inner coil has 30 strands of the same size (0.808 mm) instead of 23, the outer has 36 strands of the same size (0.648 mm) instead of 30, and the cable widths are increased in proportion. Although the inner diameter of the coil has been increased from 40 mm, the coil ends are noticeably harder to wind. The authors describe the computational and experimental effort to design winding mandrels or center posts for the constant-perimeter ends.
The Nature of Rh Blocking Antibodies

Five different anti-D antisera, each demonstrating both a prozone and specific blocking of D-anti-D agglutination, were fractionated by a variety of methods including DEAE-cellulose chromatography, preparative electrophoresis, and Sephadex gel filtration. In fractions with blocking activity, IgG was either the one immunoglobulin consistently present or the only immunoglobulin detectable. The most potent blocking activity was observed in fractions in which IgG had the most cathodic electrophoretic migration. The possibility that blocking reactions might be associated with either low-molecular-weight microglobulins or IgM monomers was considered, but no supporting evidence was found. Specific agglutination inhibition of D-anti-D was observed also with urine concentrates from donors undergoing active immunization, and IgG was the most prominent immunoglobulin in these preparations.
Nutritive Value of Kochia scoparia. III. Digestibility of Kochia Hay Compared with Alfalfa Hay

Abstract Digestibility studies with sheep compared the digestibility and nitrogen balance with all roughage ratios containing ground kochia hay at 100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% replacing equal weights of ground alfalfa hay. Digestibility of energy components increased linearly with higher kochia. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was similar between ration treatments. Nitrogen retention tended to improve as alfalfa increased.
Robustness of two air traffic scheduling approaches to departure uncertainty

Linear programming methods and non-linear, evolutionary algorithm-based optimization techniques have been shown to be effective in managing large-scale air traffic flow problems. However, many of these algorithms assume perfect knowledge therefore the robustness of these algorithms in the presence of uncertainties is questionable. Since real-world application of these methods require them to be effective under uncertainty (i.e. produce few unexpected capacity violations), it is critical that they are tested in such conditions. In this paper we test the effectiveness in the presence of uncertainty of a binary programming approach and a novel, fast-learning evolutionary algorithm. Specifically we change the assumed takeoff times on which these algorithms are trained, and test the resulting solutions when takeoff delays that are consistent with historical data are incorporated. Experimental results show that without uncertainty, both sets of algorithms are able to quickly produce solutions with few to no violations. In the presence of uncertainty, the performance of the algorithms degrade with respect to the amount of delay added, but are still very good. Even when uncertainty is extremely high, the expected delay is never increased more than 30%.
Regeneration of taste buds after reinnervation of a denervated tongue papilla by a normally nongustatory nerve.

Taste buds degenerate and disappear after transection of their sensory nerve supply, and they differentiate anew from epithelial cells (e.g., lingual) following regeneration of sensory but not motor or autonomic axons. A controversy exists as to whether only gustatory sensory nerves can cause buds to reform or whether any sensory nerve can perform this function. This issue arose because the results of cross-innervation studies revealed a specificity whereas grafting data demonstrated a nonspecificity. A retest of specificity in the cross-reinnervation situation was performed by reinnervating the denervated vallate papilla of adult rat tongue with a sensory branch of the vagus nerve that is not normally gustatory. It was found that taste buds disappeared and remained lost from acutely and chronically denervated papilla. However, some buds were found 90-100 days after reinnervation by the normally nongustatory vagus nerve branch. Transection of the regenerated vagus nerve resulted in the loss of innervation and the degeneration of taste buds from reinnervated papilla indicating that this nerve had supported buds. These results show that a normally nongustatory nerve can induce the formation of taste buds after its axons grow into appropriate tissue. It appears that the ability to support taste buds is a nonspecific, rather than a specific, property of sensory nerve.
Residues of oxytetracycline in cultured juvenile blue shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris (Crustacea: Decapod), fed medicated feed for 14 days

Abstract Juvenile shrimp fed for 14 days on oxytetracycline (OTC) medicated feed with a potency of 1500 mg OTC kg −1 of feed reached a level of 3.3 μg OTC g −1 of shrimp tail muscle within 4 days, as measured by the microbial agar plate diffusion assay method for oxytetracycline in tissues, approved by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The concentration of OTC remained between 3.3–5.2 μg OTC g −1 of shrimp tail muscle from Day 4 through Day 14 of the feeding period. These concentrations were greater than the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for sensitive organisms. By the fifth day following cessation of feeding medicated feed the drug content in shrimp tail muscle was less than the detectable limit for the method, or 0.4 μg of OTC g −1 shrimp tissue.
SUITABILITY OF SELECTIVE MEDIA FOR RECOVERY AND ENUMERATION OF SUBLETHALLY HEAT‐ AND ACID‐INJURED LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES

The suitability of PALCAM and modified Oxford (MOX) agars for recovering sublethally heat- and lactic acid-injured Listeria monocytogenes was investigated. L. monocytogenes LM101M, LM103M (meat isolates), and Scott A were suspended in tryptose phosphate broth (TPB), heated for up to 40 min at 54C, and surface plated onto tryptose phosphate agar (TPA), TPA + 4% NaCl (TPAS), PALCAM, and MOX. TPA and TPAS were used to determine total viable and sublethally injured populations, respectively. Heat-injured LM103M was recovered in the highest numbers on all media, followed by Scott A and LM101M (P 0.05). Acid-injury of L. monocytogenes LM103M was enhanced by prior heat stress.
Automated detection of solar loops by the oriented connectivity method

An automated technique to segment solar coronal loops from intensity images of the sun's corona is introduced. It exploits physical characteristics of the solar magnetic field to enable robust extraction from noisy images. The technique is a constructive curve detection approach, constrained by collections of estimates of the magnetic field's orientation. Its effectiveness is evaluated through experiments on synthetic and real coronal images.
Electron collision frequencies and energy transfer rates

Abstract The rate of energy exchange, through elastic collisions, between two gases with Maxwellian velocity distributions at different temperatures, is derived from elemetary considerations. This result is then used to calculate energy transfer rates and collision frequencies for energy transfer in plasmas at thermal disequilibrium. It is found that the electron-ion energy transfer rate and the collision frequency for energy transfer are overestimated by 5–37 per cent, depending on the electron density and the electron and ion temperatures, when the classical Coulomb logarithm ln Λ appears in these expressions. A more accurate cross section for Coulomb collisions (than that obtained when the shielded potential is truncated at the Debye length) leads to a correction term for ln Λ. Electron-electron and ion-ion collision frequencies and relaxation tunes differ from the usual expressions for these quantities by as much as a factor of two. Mean experimental and theoretical cross sections for momentum transfer for N 2 , O 2 , O, He and H are used to obtain simple formulas for collision frequencies and energy transfer rates useful in electron gas temperature calculations.
Q‐methodology in communication science: An introduction

Q‐methodology, traditionally a tool for phenomenological analysis, single‐subject or small sample research, and typological analysis, has potential for research in human communication. Unfortunately, q‐techniques have often been neglected or misunderstood by main‐stream social scientists. This article presents basic information regarding the construction of q‐sorts, discusses methods for analyzing q‐sort data in a variety of research contexts, and identifies resources which may be consulted by those wishing to learn more about the method.
RELATIONSHIP MAGNITUDE AND ITS ROLE IN INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIP STRUCTURE

Close relationships between and among supply chain members are becoming more prevalent. However, there is lack of agreement in the literature and in practice concerning the characteristics of different interorganizational relationships. The resultant confusion is an obstacle to the progression of research and could cause problems among firms in a supply chain. Based on previous research and an exploratory study conducted with company executives responsible for supply chain management activities, this article seeks to introduce the concept of relationship magnitude (i.e., the extent or degree of closeness or strength of the relationship) and differentiate it from relationship type (i.e., classes of relationships that share common traits). Implications for managers and opportunities for future research are provided.
FLOW IN DIRECT-CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMPS

The effects of the ends of the electric and magnetic fields on the steady one-dimensional channel flow of an electrically conducting fluid were studied experimentally and theoretically. Two methods are described which may be used to recover the one-dimensional character of the flow. It was found possible to obtain an electric field that is essentially one-dimensional, by choosing the center portion of the field produced by very long electrodes for the location of a rectangular magnetic field. Flow from such a pump, where the end effects are negligible, is evidenced by the uniformity of the stream. The disadvantage of this pump is that only about one-third of the current interacts with the magnetic field to increase the momentum of the stream. (B.O.G.)
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Required for Hyperoxia-induced Bax Activation and Cell Death in Alveolar Epithelial Cells

Exposure of animals to hyperoxia results in respiratory failure and death within 72 h. Histologic evaluation of the lungs of these animals demonstrates epithelial apoptosis and necrosis. Although the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is widely thought to be responsible for the cell death observed following exposure to hyperoxia, it is not clear whether they act upstream of activation of the cell death pathway or whether they are generated as a result of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and caspase activation. We hypothesized that the generation of ROS was required for hyperoxia-induced cell death upstream of Bax activation. In primary rat alveolar epithelial cells, we found that exposure to hyperoxia resulted in the generation of ROS that was completely prevented by the administration of the combined superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic EUK-134 (Eukarion, Inc., Bedford, MA). Exposure to hyperoxia resulted in the activation of Bax at the mitochondrial membrane, cytochrome c release, and cell death. The administration of EUK-134 prevented Bax activation, cytochrome c release, and cell death. In a mouse lung epithelial cell line (MLE-12), the overexpression of Bcl-XL protected cells against hyperoxia by preventing the activation of Bax at the mitochondrial membrane. We conclude that exposure to hyperoxia results in Bax activation at the mitochondrial membrane and subsequent cytochrome c release. Bax activation at the mitochondrial membrane requires the generation of ROS and can be prevented by the overexpression of Bcl-XL.
Structure prediction: The state of the art

A recent meeting to evaluate the state of the art of protein structure prediction saw progress on all fronts; for prediction methods based on comparative modeling or fold recognition, the progress was incremental, but in the case of ab initio structure prediction, some surprising successes were reported.
Removal of oxygen from electronic materials by vapor-phase processes

Thermochemical analyses of equilibrium partial pressures over oxides with and without the presence of the respective element condensed phase, and hydrogen, chalcogens, hydrogen chalcogenides, and graphite are presented. Theoretical calculations are supplemented with experimental results on the rate of decomposition and/or sublimation/vaporization of the oxides under dynamic vacuum, and on the rate of reaction with hydrogen, graphite, and chalcogens. Procedures of removal of a number of oxides under different conditions are discussed.
Graduated consortial memberships and rogue facilitators

Aux Etats-Unis, une bibliotheque fait souvent partie de plus d'un reseau, et le paysage des consortia de bibliotheques academiques, largement modele par la geographie, autorise toutes sortes de modes d'appartenance. Ces differents modes d'adhesion s'echelonnent sur un continuum allant de la participation non officielle des non-membres aux membres a part entiere, en passant par les membres affilies, parfois seulement associes a un programme specifique. L'existence de categories graduelles de membres apporte aux consortia l'occasion de s'ouvrir et de se diversifier. Pour exploiter pleinement et favoriser la tendance actuelle aux alliances interbibliotheques fluides et mouvantes, une nouvelle forme de gestion organisationelle est requise, fondee sur un partenariat a duree determinee, par le biais d'un intermediaire charge d'identifier les opportunites d'alliance.
Review of Parton Distributions and Implications for the Tevatron and the LHC

This talk is intended to serve as a pedagogical guide on the determination of, the proper use of, and the uncertainties of parton distribution functions and their impact on physics cross sections at the Tevatron and LHC. A longer writeup of this talk is available at .
Gendered Ideology: Voices of Parent and Practice in Teacher Education.

Contrasts in teacher educators' cultural knowledge about teaching and differential exercise of power relations show how their practice embodies two distinct gendered ideologies—a voice of the professor/father and a voice of the teacher/mother. Each voice reproduces an engendered loyalty and a corresponding engendered practice among the prospective teachers who learn with a particular teacher educator. By decentering each voice, teacher educators can begin a dialogue about power/knowledge issues in collaborative school-university relationships with colleagues.
Dynamics of ligand field excited states in polypyridine ruthenium(II) complexes

Abstract The temperture dependence of photosubstitution for several polypyridine ruthenium(II) complexes has been examined. In contrast to the parent tris-bipyridineruthenium(II), little temperature dependence is observed. These results, combined with quenching data, provide kinetic details on the intermediate ligand field excited state involved in these reactions.
An energy harvesting system for passively generating power from human activities

This paper presents a complete, self-contained energy harvesting system composed of a magnetic energy harvester, an input-powered interface circuit and a rechargeable battery. The system converts motion from daily human activities such as walking, jogging, and cycling into usable electrical energy. By using an input-powered interface circuit, the system requires no external power supplies and features zero standby power when the input motion is too small for successful energy reclamation. When attached to a person's ankle during walking, the 100 cm3 system prototype is shown to charge a 3.7 V, 65 mAh lithium-ion polymer battery at an average power of 300 µW. The design and testing of the system under other operating conditions are presented herein.
Diverticulum of female urinary bladder a modified operative technic

Abstract A case of diverticulum in the bladder in the female is reported. This diverticulum was found to be made up of all the true bladder layers and must therefore have been a congenital anomaly. A modified technique for the removal of diverticulum is presented. The method used here and suggested by Young is applicable only to such diverticula as are of good size, with thick wall and a distinct narrow neck, where there is no other reason for opening the bladder. Under such conditions it is technically less difficult, traumatizes the bladder less and should give a shorter convalescence than the more frequently described extra- or intravesical methods of excision.
Shopping and Tourism Patterns of Attendees of the Bikes, Blues & BBQ Festival

Promoters of destinations and festivals/events need pertinent information to enhance tourists' overall experiences. This includes (but is not limited to) shopping, which increases revenues and economic activity in the host area. The purpose of this study was to identify and understand the shopping and spending patterns of those who attend the annual Bikes, Blues & BBQ festival in Northwest Arkansas. The framework has proven to be useful in improving the shopping aspect and structure of the festival industry. This is a notable and promising side effect of the exploratory study, at least from the event organizers and the state department of tourism's perspectives.
A Riesz basis for Bargmann-Fock space related to sampling and interpolation

It is shown that the Bargmann-Fock spaces of entire functions, Ap (C),p≧1 have a bounded unconditional basis of Wilson type [DJJ] which is closely related to the reproducing kernel. From this is derived a new sampling and interpolation result for these spaces.
How gender and cognitive complexity influence the provision of emotional support: A study of indirect effects

The current study examined the extent to which cognitive complexity—a well known predictor of message behavior—mediated sex differences in the production of person‐centered comforting messages. Two hundred and eight students (102 men and 106 women) representing a variety of majors at a large midwestern university participated in the study. They responded to Crockett's (1965) Role Category Questionnaire (a measure of cognitive complexity) and three hypothetical situations designed to elicit their levels of comforting ability. Responses to the comforting scenarios were coded for their degree of person‐centeredness (Burleson, 1984). Results demonstrated the partial mediating effects of cognitive complexity. However, the effects of sex were large and remained significant even when controlling for complexity.
Space Environmentally Stable Polyimides and Copolyimides Derived from [2,4-Bis(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]diphenylphosphine Oxide

Polyimides with a combination of properties including low solar absorptivity (α) in thin films, atomic oxygen (AO), and ultraviolet (UV) radiation resistance, solubility in organic solvents in the imide form, high glass transition (Tg) temperatures, and high thermal stability have been prepared and characterized. The polymers were prepared by reacting a novel aromatic diamine, [2,4-bis(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]diphenylphosphine oxide (2), with aromatic dianhydrides in a polar aprotic solvent. The diamine was prepared from commercially available starting materials in a two-step reaction in relatively high yield. Copoly(amide acid)s and copolyimides were prepared using 2 in combination with other commercially available aromatic diamines. The chemistry as well as physical and mechanical properties of the polymers and films will be discussed.
Hidden Symmetries, First Integralsvand Reduction of Order of Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations

Abstract The reduction of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by a combination of first integrals and Lie group symmetries is investigated. The retention, loss or even gain in symmetries in the integration of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation to a first integral are studied for several examples. The differential equations and first integrals are expressed in terms of the invariants of Lie group symmetries. The first integral is treated as a differential equation where the special case of the first integral equal to zero is examined in addition to the nonzero first integral. The inverse problem for which the first integral is the fundamental quantity enables some predictions of the change in Lie group symmetries when the differential equation is integrated. New types of hidden symmetries are introduced.
Thermal fluctuation of fine ferromagnetic particles

Fine ferromagnetic particles jump spontaneously from one locally stable state to another; they surmount intervening energy bartiers with the aid of thermal agitation. A theory of this phenomenon has as its primary goal the calculation of time constants. The elements of such a theory are presented. The emphasis is on calculations that require only elementary methods and on results that are simple enough to be easily applicable. The reader is assumed to be acquainted with the basic properties of ferromagnetic materials but not necessarily with Brownian-motion theory, on which the present theory is based.
Multicenter USA Amplatzer patent ductus arteriosus occlusion device trial: initial and one-year results.

OBJECTIVES We sought to review and report initial and one-year efficacy and safety results of the multicenter USA Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO) device trial. BACKGROUND Transcatheter closure of a moderate to large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using conventional techniques is challenging. The ADO can close a PDA up to 12 mm in diameter. METHODS From September 1999 to June 2002, 484 patients were enrolled in 25 U.S. centers. Forty-five (9%) of 484 patients did not have ADO implantation, because the PDA was too small or because of elevated pulmonary resistance. The median age of the patients at catheterization was 1.8 years (range 0.2 to 70.7 years), and weight was 11 kg (range 4.5 to 164.5 kg). RESULTS The median PDA minimal diameter was 2.6 mm (range 0.9 to 11.2 mm); 76 (17%) of 439 were larger than 4.0 mm. Median pulmonary artery mean pressure was 20 mm Hg (range 7 to 80 mm Hg). The ADO was implanted successfully in 435 (99%) of 439 patients, with a median fluoroscopy time of 7.1 min (range 2.9 to 138.4 min). Angiographic demonstration of occlusion was seen in 329 (76%) of 435. This increased to 384 (89%) of 433 on post-catheterization day 1, with occlusion documented in 359 (99.7%) of 360 at one year. At the last evaluation in all patients at any time, PDA closure was documented in 428 (98%) of 435 patients. There have been two cases of partial left pulmonary artery occlusion after ADO implantation and no cases of significant aortic obstruction. CONCLUSIONS Moderate to large PDAs can be effectively and safely closed using the ADO device, with excellent initial and one-year results. This device should obviate the need for multiple coils or surgical intervention for these defects.
Image Frequency Rejection in a Radio Direction Finder

An analysis is given of the bearing error in a radio direction finder due to simultaneous reception of two signals, referred to as target and spurious signals. The carrier frequency of the spurious signal is assumed to be the image of the target-signal frequency around the local-oscillator frequency, so that both signals are passed by the IF amplifier of the direction-finder receiver. The analysis applies to any DF receiver having a carrier-suppressed double-sideband input, such as is obtained using a mechanical or electronic goniometer. The results can serve as a basis for specifying the image rejection requirements on the RF amplifier of the receiver. In particular, it is shown that in order to have less than one degree of error, the spurious signal must be attenuated to at least 35 db below the target signal amplitude at the RF output of the receiver.
Copolymerization: 1. General remarks; 2. selective examples of copolymerizations

Dr. Turner Alfrey was a scientific pioneer in the area of copolymerization. Copolymerization is a polymerization process in which more than the minimum number of monomers required to form a polymer are polymerized together to give a product which has incorporated in it the repeat units corresponding to all the monomers employed, and the products thus obtained are called copolymers. Copolymers can also be produced by employing the mutual reactions of functional polymers or oligomers or their reactions with the appropriate monomers. Both step-growth and chain-growth processes, the latter involving a free-radical, ionic, coordination, or ring-opening mechanism, can be used to make copolymers.
Non-parametric statistical background modeling for efficient foreground region detection

Most methods for foreground region detection in videos are challenged by the presence of quasi-stationary backgrounds--flickering monitors, waving tree branches, moving water surfaces or rain. Additional difficulties are caused by camera shake or by the presence of moving objects in every image. The contribution of this paper is to propose a scene-independent and non-parametric modeling technique which covers most of the above scenarios. First, an adaptive statistical method, called adaptive kernel density estimation (AKDE), is proposed as a base-line system that addresses the scene dependence issue. After investigating its performance we introduce a novel general statistical technique, called recursive modeling (RM). The RM overcomes the weaknesses of the AKDE in modeling slow changes in the background. The performance of the RM is evaluated asymptotically and compared with the base-line system (AKDE). A wide range of quantitative and qualitative experiments is performed to compare the proposed RM with the base-line system and existing algorithms. Finally, a comparison of various background modeling systems is presented as well as a discussion on the suitability of each technique for different scenarios.
Relating Goal Orientation to the Acquisition of a Complex Skill: Does the Context Matter?

The extant literature on goal orientation is primarily focused on scholastic and athletic achievement. This study extends the literature by examining the viability of three goal orientation dimensions (learning, performance-approach, and performance-avoid) as predictors of complex skill acquisition. Ninety-eight males participated in 7 hours of training in order to learn a computer-based task that simulated the demands of a dynamic aviation environment. Participants completed paper-and-pencil measures of global and task-specific goal orientation as well as a test of general cognitive ability (g). Training outcomes included declarative knowledge, knowledge structure accuracy, skill acquisition, skill retention, and skill transfer. The results indicated that both performance-approach and performance-avoid orientations explained unique variance in training outcomes beyond that explained by g. However, both performance orientations were related to the training outcomes only when operationalized as task-specif...
Four cases of pregnancy with low estrogen production due to placental enzymatic deficiency.

4 cases of normal pregnancies associated with low estriol excretion and resulting in healthy infants are described, in which by in vitro studies on the placentas a steroid 3-sulfatase deficiency was found in 3 cases and a lack of activity of the aromatizing system was found in the 4th case. A reduced activity of the aromatizing system was also shown in one of the cases affected by steroid 3-sulfatase defect. The placental 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4,5-isomerase system was measured in 3 cases and results were normal. The repetition of the specific lack of steroid 3-sulfatase was observed in 2 successive pregnancies of the same patient (case T.C.). It is interesting to note that, at variance with other reports, this patient delivered 2 fetuses, both female.
Object-Oriented Style Overloading for Haskell (Extended Abstract)

Abstract Haskell has a sophisticated mechanism for overloading identifiers with multiple definitions at distinct types. Object-oriented programming has a similar notion of overriding and overloading for methods names. Unfortunately, it is not possible to encode object-oriented overloading directly using Haskell overloading. This deficiency becomes particularly tiresome when Haskell programs wish to call methods imported from an object-oriented library. We present two refinements of Haskell's type class system: Closed classes and overlapping instances. We demonstrate how we may exploit the refined system so as to be able to encode object-oriented classes within Haskell. This encoding allows us to mimic, within Haskell, the overloading resolution rules employed by object-oriented languages without the need for additional type annotations or name mangling. As a consequence, object-oriented class libraries are very convenient to import and use within Haskell. We thank Don Syme, Nick Benton, Andrew Kennedy, and the anonymous reviewers, for many helpful comments.
Identities, Ideologies, and Interests: Democratization and the Culture of Mass Politics in Spain and Eastern Europe

Democracies inherit distinctive configurations of cleavages underlying differentially divisive issues. This article develops an empirical model that accounts for support for and opposition to postauthoritarian and postcommunist governments as a function of conflicts based on identities, ideologies, and interests. While conflicts inspired by regional identities have troubled Spanish politics, antagonism over alternative economic ideologies had already begun to fade under the authoritarian capitalism of the last decades of Francoism, and the religious factor has been largely peripheral. By now interests rather than ideologies or identities are at stake. In many postcommunist societies in which the absolute level of economic development is inferior to that reached by Spain at the time of its transition, polarities between market and command models endure, and these are often entangled with regional and religious divisions. In others, such as Hungary, where market experimentation preceded political democratiz...
Striving to Be Known by Significant Others: Automatic Activation of Self-Verification Goals in Relationship Contexts

Extending research on the automatic activation of goals associated with significant others, the authors hypothesized that self-verification goals typically pursued with significant others are automatically elicited when a significant-other representation is activated. Supporting this hypothesis, the activation of a significant-other representation through priming (Experiments 1 and 3) or through a transference encounter (Experiment 2) led participants to seek feedback that verifies their preexisting self-views. Specifically, significant-other primed participants desired self-verifying feedback, in general (Experiment 1), from an upcoming interaction partner (Experiment 2), and relative to acquaintance-primed participants and favorable feedback (Experiment 3). Finally, self-verification goals were activated, especially for relational self-views deemed high in importance to participants' self-concepts (Experiment 2) and held with high certainty (Experiment 3). Implications for research on self-evaluative goals, the relational self, and the automatic goal activation literature are discussed, as are consequences for close relationships.
Simulation of the effect of plasma species on tumor growth and apoptosis

Tumor modeling is a technique that entails using mathematical and physical equations to describe the biological disease, most importantly uncontrolled cell growth and the tumor life cycle. The model utilized in this paper makes use of a three-dimensional hybrid discrete–continuum model to show the apoptotic effect a tumor volume undergoes when treated with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species from the cold atmospheric plasma. The results compare untreated and treated tumors of varying sizes by measuring spatiotemporal data to predict trends of tumor evolution. The simulation results show that the treated tumor death, irrespective of tumor volume, follows an exponential decay and that the untreated tumor follows an expected growth pattern. Future experiments and applications can lead to a predictive tumor model allowing for individualized treatment planning for the cold atmospheric plasma therapy.
Using the dynamics of fluorescent cations to probe and map charged surfaces

We present a new quantitative imaging method, based on accumulated single molecule trajectories, to map and probe surface charge heterogeneity. Using a fluorescent cation as a probe molecule, we found that surface charge has a dramatic affect on the local adsorption rate, primarily through its influence on near-surface ion concentrations. Other physical measures, including surface residence time and diffusion coefficient, provided complementary information about the probe–surface interaction that can be obtained only through a single molecule approach. We present spatial maps of surface charge based on each of these dynamic probe properties.
Modeling the heat flow and heat capacity of modulated differential scanning calorimetry

Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) uses an abbreviated Fourier transformation ≼r the data analysis and separation of the reversing component of the heat flow and temperature signals. In this paper a simple spread-sheet analysis will be presented that can be used to better understand and explore the effects observed in MDSC and their link to actual changes in the instrument and sample. The analysis assumes that instrument lags and other kinetic effects are either avoided or corrected for.
The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-4 Arg388 Allele Is Associated with Prostate Cancer Initiation and Progression

Purpose: Increased expression of fibroblast growth factors that can activate the fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR-4) occurs in a substantial fraction of human prostate cancers in vivo . A germline polymorphism of the FGFR-4 gene resulting in expression of arginine at codon 388 (Arg 388 ) is associated with aggressive disease in patients with breast and colon cancer. We therefore sought to determine whether the FGFR-4 Arg 388 allele was associated with prostate cancer incidence and/or the occurrence of aggressive disease. Experimental Design: The FGFR-4 genotype of men undergoing radical prostatectomy and controls of the same race was determined and the genotype correlated with clinical and pathologic markers of disease aggressiveness. PNT1A cell lines expressing predominantly the FGFR-4 Arg 388 or Gly 388 allele were established, and cell migration and invasiveness of these cells were assessed by a wounding assay and by quantitative determination of invasion through Matrigel. Expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay. Results: Homozygosity for the FGFR-4 Arg 388 allele is strongly associated with the occurrence of prostate cancer in white men. The presence of the FGFR-4 Arg 388 allele is also correlated with the occurrence of pelvic lymph node metastasis and biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) recurrence. Expression of FGFR-4 Arg 388 in immortalized prostatic epithelial cells results in increased cell motility and invasion through Matrigel and was associated with increased expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. Conclusion: The FGFR-4 Arg 388 allele is associated with both an increased incidence and clinical aggressiveness of prostate cancer and results in changes in cellular motility and invasiveness in immortalized prostate epithelial cells consistent with the promotion of metastasis.
Voltage dependence of beta-adrenergic modulation of conduction in the canine Purkinje fiber.

Although recent voltage-clamp and microelectrode studies have demonstrated beta-adrenergic modulation of Na+ current (INa) the modulation of conduction by catecholamines and the voltage dependence of that process have not been elucidated. To determine whether voltage-dependent modulation of conduction occurs in the presence of a beta-adrenergic agonist, the effect of 1 mumol/L isoproterenol on impulse propagation in canine Purkinje fibers was examined by using a dual-microelectrode technique. At physiological membrane potentials ([K+]o 5.4 mmol/L), isoproterenol increased squared conduction velocity [theta 2, 0.39 +/- 0.25 (m/s)2 (mean +/- SD)] from 3.46 +/- 0.86 to 3.85 +/- 0.98 (m/s)2 (P < .011), an 11% change, without altering the maximum first derivative of the upslope of phase 0 of the action potential (Vmax, 641 +/- 50 versus 657 +/- 47 V/s, P = NS). At transmembrane potential of -65 mV, produced by 12 mmol/L [K+]o titration, theta 2 declined 79% to 0.73 +/- 0.44 (m/s)2 as Vmax decreased 85% to 95 +/- 43 V/s (P < .02). The addition of isoproterenol further decreased theta 2 to 0.49 +/- 0.33 (m/s)2 (P = .02) in parallel with a further decline in Vmax to 51 +/- 25 V/s (P < .05). Isoproterenol produced a 3-mV hyperpolarizing shift of apparent Na+ channel availability curves generated from both theta 2 and Vmax, used as indexes of the fast inward INa, without changing the slopes of the relation. The relation between normalized theta 2 and Vmax over a range of depolarized potentials was linear and was not appreciably altered by isoproterenol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quantitative analysis of hydrophobic amine inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport

U18666A and imipramine are hydrophobic amines that inhibit intracellular cholesterol transport pathways. In this study, we conducted dose-response curves for each of the cholesterol transport pathways. Our analyses indicate that hydrophobic amine inhibition of LDL-stimulated cholesterol esterification is much more sensitive to inhibition than either the combined bulk movement of cholesterol from lysosomes to the plasma membrane and from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. Hydrophobic amines must inhibit a previously uncharacterized pathway from lysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum or a signaling event that activates acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. Possible mechanisms for U18666A action were evaluated. The function of p-glycoprotein, which has been implicated in cholesterol transport, was unaffected by U18666A. We have evidence for a specific membrane U18666A binding site, which we hypothesize is involved in the plasma membrane to endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol transport pathway. Identification of the binding site and mechanism of hydrophobic amine action may provide information essential for understanding intracellular cholesterol transport.
BODY FLUID POOLS, KIDNEY FUNCTION, AND ACID-BASE REGULATION IN THE FRESHWATER CATFISH ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS*

Resting catfish excreted a urine with electrolyte concentrations about 1/10; that of blood, with very low concentrations of ammonia and lactic acid, only slightly acid pH, and a small resultant net base excretion. At 26 °C, the intracellular pH was normally 0.51 units lower than the extracellular pH. Both were depressed following the onset of hypercapnia, but there was compensation for both by 24 h, so that pH i was near control values. Consequently the whole body CO 2 pool increased from 1.95 to 4.77m-equiv kg −1 during hypercapnia, with about 1.50 m-equiv by active means, and the other 1.32 by passive (non-bicarbonate) buffering. The renal response to hypercapnic acidosis was to switch from a small netbase excretion to a net acid excretion, which persisted for up to 10 h, and accounted for about 14% of the total active bicarbonate compensation. There was no statistically significant renal response to an infused HC1 load, but the whole body base excretion rate declined so as to indicate thatabout 25% of the infused load was excreted in the first 2 h, presumably by the gills. The catfish kidney appears to participate in acid-base regulation in a significant, but quantitatively minor way, implying that the gills are the principalsite of ion transfer in regulating the whole body SID. Note:
Perceptual supports for sensemaking: a case study using multi agent based computational learning environments

Many studies have examined how learners make sense of the traditionally difficult ideas of levels and emergence in complex systems by interacting with visuospatial multi agent based models. In this poster, we review these findings through the lens of human basic perceptual/representational systems. We argue that many of learners' observed strategies and explanations surrounding the ideas of levels and emergence are supported by visualizations that leverage perceptual systems related to objects, motion, and geometry.
An Ultrahigh Precision, High-Frequency Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Analyzer Based on Dual Isotope Dilution and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy.

We present a novel method for continuous and automated shipboard measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon concentration ([DIC]) in surface water. The method is based on dual isotope dilution and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (DID-CRDS). In this method, seawater is continuously sampled and mixed with a flow of NaH13CO3 solution that is also enriched in deuterated water (the spike). The isotopic composition of CO2 (δ13Cspiked_sample) derived from the DIC in the mixture, and the D/H ratio of the mixed water (δDspiked_sample), are measured by CRDS analyzers. The D/H of the water in the mixture allows accurate estimates of the mixing ratio of the sample and the spike. [DIC] of the sample is then calculated from the mixing ratio, [DI13C] of the spike, and δ13Cspiked_sample. In the laboratory, the precision of the method is <0.02% (±0.4 μmol kg–1 when [DIC] = 2000 μmol kg–1). A shipboard test was conducted in the Delaware Bay and Estuary. For 2 min average [DIC], a precision of <0.03% was achieved. Measurement...
Know thy neighbor

We design two strategies for recovering unknown content selection preferences in online communities. The techniques take advantage of the community graph and the peers' affinities, expressed through its edge weights, to optimize the computation of the missing data. The first strategy is distributed and comprises a local computation step and a message passing step that are iteratively applied at each vertex until convergence. We carry out a random walk based analysis of its operation and verify the analytical findings via numerical experiments. The second strategy is centralized and involves a sparsifying transform of the content preferences represented as a function over the community graph. We solve the related optimization problem of recovering the unknown preferences via an iterative algorithm based on variable splitting and alternating direction of multipliers. We take into account the data specifics by incorporating multiple regularization terms into the optimization. We investigate the underpinnings of the sparse reconstruction technique via simulations that reveal its characteristics and how they affect its performance. We also carry out experiments using Twitter data on which we further study the performance of our strategies and verify the modeling assumption made in the context of the decentralized one. Our experiments include a comparison to common reference methods. We show that our message passing technique outperforms the reference methods by a considerable margin. We also show that though our multi-regularized sparse reconstruction technique improves over conventional sparse recovery, it still suffers from the graph-signal smoothness assumption it implicitly considers. HighlightsWe design two methods for recovering unknown content selection preferences in online communities.The distributed method comprises two steps (local computation and message passing) that are iterated until convergence.We carry out a random walk based analysis of its operation and verify the analytical findings via numerical experiments.The centralized method involves a sparsifying transform of the content preferences represented as a function on the graph.The related optimization is solved via an algorithm based on variable splitting and alternating direction of multipliers.