cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The first karenitid (Therapsida, Therocephalia) from the upper Permian of Gondwana and the biogeography of Permo-Triassic therocephalians

ABSTRACTTherocephalians were an ecologically diverse group of therapsids whose long stratigraphic record and widespread distribution during Permian and Triassic times make them important for understanding biogeographic patterns during a major faunal transition. Here, we describe a new therocephalian, Mupashi migrator gen. et sp. nov., from the upper Madumabisa Mudstone Formation (upper Permian) of Zambia's Luangwa Basin. The specimen has a long snout with a maxilla–vomerine contact on the hard palate, a high antecanine tooth count and numerous postcanines, and a conspicuous boss on the dentary angle whose structure is identical to that of the Russian baurioid Karenites. Additional endocranial anatomy, including palatal and braincase features, are revealed by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography and described in detail in light of the growing availability of tomographic data for therapsids. A phylogenetic analysis of 56 therapsid taxa and 136 cranial and postcranial characters recovers Mupashi as the ...
Substitution of Reefing Loops for Reefing Rings in Pressure Packing

High density pressure packing a parachute containing metal parts is not trivial. Much time must be spent ensuring that the metal parts do not contact each other, the packing fixture, or pinch the canopy fabric between them. One of the metal parts most susceptible to damage are the reefing rings, which, if nicked or broken, can easily sever the reefing line, causing catastrophic failure of the parachute. Many devices have been used over the years to prevent this problem but they all take time to implement and are not foolproof. With the explosion of new materials available to the parachute industry over the last decade, however, some very different solutions to this problem are now feasible. This paper describes one such solution.
Characteristic ultrastructural changes in organs of newborn mice infected with EMC virus.

SummaryA specific ultrastructural cyto-pathologic response to EMC viral infection was observed in various organs of newborn mice infected with EMC virus. This cyto-pathology is characterized by intracellular proliferation of membrane material with formation of membrane-vesicle complexes, margination of nuclear chromatin, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of cytoplasmic and unidentifiable granular material within membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles, and inflammatory infiltration. That the vesicle-bound granules may represent forms of viral materials during the replicative stage is suggested. A high incidence of viral crystals in association with this cytopathology was demonstrated. This host cell-virus interaction is similar to cytopathic changes observed in infections with other picornaviruses. We have designated this intracellular necrosis as “cytonecrosis” and when it is produced by viruses as “virocytonecrosis.”
Photothermal Self-Oscillation and Laser Cooling of Graphene Optomechanical Systems

By virtue of their low mass and stiffness, atomically thin mechanical resonators are attractive candidates for use in optomechanics. Here, we demonstrate photothermal back-action in a graphene mechanical resonator comprising one end of a Fabry–Perot cavity. As a demonstration of the utility of this effect, we show that a continuous wave laser can be used to cool a graphene vibrational mode or to power a graphene-based tunable frequency oscillator. Owing to graphene’s high thermal conductivity and optical absorption, photothermal optomechanics is efficient in graphene and could ultimately enable laser cooling to the quantum ground state or applications such as photonic signal processing.
Effect of Infield Trap Spacing on Potential Catch of Adult Boll Weevils Entering Cotton: A Computer Simulation

The infield trap baited with grandlure is widely used to detect the movement of boll weevils, Anthonomous grandis Boheman, into cotton fields in the early spring. Computer analysis of trap spacing indicates that catch probability may be increased 10 to 20% by adjusting the traps away from the usual uniform spacing throughout a field to bring them closer to field borders where weevils are more likely to land first.
A 94-GHz Extremely Thin Metasurface-Based BiCMOS On-Chip Antenna

A novel fully on-chip antenna based on a metasurface fabricated in a 180-nm BiCMOS process is presented. Inspired by the concept of high impedance surface (HIS), this metasurface is not used as a reflector below an antenna as commonly done. Instead, it is used as a radiator by itself. The extremely thin metasurface is composed of a patterned top two metal layers and the ground plane placed in the lowest metal layer in the process. The ground plane on the lowest metal layer of the process provides a solid shielding from the substrate and other possible circuitries. The fundamental of the antenna radiation and design are described. The measured antenna shows -2.5 dBi peak broadside gain with 8-GHz 3-dB gain bandwidth and an impedance bandwidth larger than 10 GHz. In its class of broadside radiating fully on-chip antennas, with a ground plane on the lower metal layer of the process, and without additional fabrication processing, this structure achieves the widest impedance bandwidth at W-band and one of the highest gain and gain bandwidth. It is noteworthy that this is achieved with an extremely thin antenna substrate thickness and a shielding ground plane.
The Bases for On-line Teaching Theory and Evaluation of System Planning

Direct transfer of classroom teaching to the internet doesn′t result in effective online teaching.The institutions and teachers must understand the online instructing principles and give careful consideration to the design of various online activities to achieve online teaching potentiality and effect.Only through teachers' exploration into the teaching theory and practice in the internet environment and carefully planning online instructional strategies,could the advantages of online teaching be effectively utilized and the effectiveness and benefits of online teaching be elevated.However,teachers' command of the online teaching system together with its basic theory and principles is the prerequisite of effective online teaching.This article discusses the issue of 'online teaching'in e-learnign and explores the theoretical basis for online teaching and the evaluation of relating system planning.
Interactions analysis of multiple DSVC controllers based on SVD method

As distribution static var compensator(DSVC) can synthetically manage power quality problems, the interactions among the DSVC controllers should be considered. The paper establishes the linearized model of a single-load infinite-bus distribution system installed with two DSVC considering the induction motor load, and the system transfer function array can be obtained based on this model. Then, the singular value decomposition(SVD) method is used to analyze the interactions under different electrical parameters, drawing a conclusion that the interactions will be strengthened when the electrical distances are decreased. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the SVD method.
Librarian Copyright Literacy: Self-Reported Copyright Knowledge Among Information Professionals in the United States

Librarians often act as default copyright experts at their institutions and thus must have an awareness of copyright law and practices. Nevertheless, there is little in the scholarly literature about how well informed librarians are about copyright law. Through a national survey of professional librarians, this study illustrates librarians’ self-perceived familiarity with copyright concepts, interests in training, and sources of support for copyright questions. The results will be of interest to library directors and library and information science (LIS) faculty and could inform curricular decisions in LIS schools and may also be applied to local professional development initiatives for librarians.
Effectiveness of PCB perimeter Via fencing: Radially propagating EMC emissions reduction technique

Via fencing around the periphery of a printed circuit board is a practice to attempt to eliminate radially propagated energy from the edge of a board. This study comparatively analyzed via fenced boards against unfenced boards as well as investigated other emission related design variables including trace distance from the PCB edge, termination loads, and via fence spacing. The S 2 i measurements were taken with a network analyzer and a horn antenna with the PCB trace as the source. Frequency sweeps from 1–8.5GHz showed that via fencing attenuated as much as 21dB at some frequencies, concluding that via fencing was definitively beneficial. Trace distances to the edge of the board showed mixed results at lower frequencies, but gave higher emissions with smaller distances to the edge at higher frequencies. Varying loads yielded results showing emissions for given loads were highly dependent on frequency with the exception of the dominant short-circuit load. Via fence spacing was shown to be significant, but only loosely followed the 1/8th wavelength rule of thumb. This study proved to be very important for the electronics industry as EMC regulations are increasingly harder to meet with shrinking die process technologies and rising clock frequencies.
Advancing social solidarity: Preference organization in the discourse of speech-language pathology

The drive for positivity is one aspect of the professional ethos of speech-language pathology. Speech-language pathologists aim to promote positive professional relationships and clinical experiences to achieve goals. Positivity, that which is favorable, affirming or accepting, is projected through professional discourse. Acquisition of positive discourse strategies by students in training is often indirect and occurs implicitly as the student interacts with others. To investigate the management of positivity as it relates to clinical training, a qualitative investigation of discourse of speech-language pathology students and clinical supervisors was undertaken. A variety of discourse strategies designed to mitigate potential conflict or promote solidarity were identified in the text and talk between students and supervisors and in clinical sessions. These strategies, consistent with the literature on preference organization, contributed to positive relationships between students and supervisors and between clinicians and clients.
Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives: a practical guide for the surgeon

Hemostats, sealants, and adhesives are useful adjuncts to modern surgical procedures. To maximize their benefit, a surgeon needs to understand the safety, efficacy, usability, and cost of these agents. To be truly added to a surgeon's own toolbox, the operator must also have knowledge of when and how to best use these materials. This commentary is designed to succinctly facilitate this understanding and knowledge. A nomenclature and classification system based on group, category, and class has been created to help with this process and is provided here. By using this system, materials consisting of similar design and for common indications can be compared. For example, in this system, the three functional groups are hemostats, sealants, and adhesives. The hemostats may be divided into four categories: mechanical, active, flowable, and fibrin sealant. These hemostat categories are further subdivided into generic classes based on the composition of the approved materials. Similarly, categories and classes are provided for sealants and adhesives. In this commentary, the salient points with respect to the characteristics of these agents are presented. A discussion of when these agents can be used in specific indications and how they may be applied to achieve the best results is also provided.
Pulmonary Valve Placement

Pulmonary valve replacement is becoming a necessity for many patients with tetralogy of Fallot and residual pulmonary valve regurgitation. Recently, there has been the development of transcatheter approaches to replace the pulmonary valve with excellent results. However, these approaches can only be used in a small group of patients. There are new methods being developed for pulmonary valve placement in patients with native outflow tracts. Using a perventricular approach via a novel “hybrid” approach, a stented pulmonary valve can be placed by producing an appropriate landing zone for the valve. In order to be able to place a pulmonary valve via a perventricular approach, a 3D model can be used to help determine the best way to remodel the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract and produce a stable landing zone for the stented valve. The 3D model also helps to determine the exact catheter positions and best location for the stent to be placed. In our experience with six patients, we were able to develop a stable landing zone in the native outflow tract that was spherical. There was a significant improvement in pulmonary regurgitation and only two minor complications. The perventricular approach using 3D modeling to plan the appropriate means for geometric remodeling of the RV outflow tract and placement of a stented valve is a novel approach and could change the dynamics for valve replacement in the future.
Container Type and Overwintering Treatments Affect Substrate Temperature and Growth of Chanticleer® Pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Glen's Form’) in the Nursery

The container most used for nursery tree production is black plastic (BP). High substrate temperatures occurring in BP can injure or kill roots; BP-grown trees often develop circling and malformed roots. Root injury sustained during production may negatively affect tree health after planting in the landscape. Many containers are available for nursery production, but few studies have examined the merits of alternative container types for production. We compared the growth of Pyrus calleryana Decene. ‘Glen's Form’ (Chanticleer®) in three container types: black plastic, Root Pouch® (RP) and Smart Pot® (SP), over two growing seasons and under two overwintering treatments (consolidated or lined out). After the first growing season, there were no differences in height or dry leaf, shoot and root weight among the three containers. Following the second growing season, caliper, height, leaf area, percent leaf moisture, and root ball quality differed among container type. After the 2010–2011 winter, consolidated tr...
Sex differences in the association of alcohol with cognitive decline and brain pathology in a cohort of octogenarians

The beneficial effects of moderate alcohol may differ in aging men versus women. Cognitive and functional decline and neuropathology were investigated in a cohort of aging men and women with diverse alcohol histories. Non-demented (Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of ≤ 0.5 and a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of > 24), autonomously living participants were tracked in longitudinal aging studies to examine self-report and objective tests of rates of decline in a cohort (n = 486) of octogenarians. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs; Braak stage) and neuritic plaques (NPs) were staged at autopsy in a subset of participants (n = 149) using current standard neuropathologic diagnostic criteria. Moderate drinking men had an attenuated rate of decline compared to rare/never drinkers and women on the MMSE and CDR sum of boxes. In contrast, moderate drinking women had a reduced rate of decline only in the Logical Memory Delayed Recall Test (LMDR) compared to rare/never drinkers and men. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a reduction in the incidence of advanced (stages 5–6) Braak NFT stage in men (p < 0.05), with no effect in women. In this cohort, men experienced a broader range of beneficial effects associated with alcohol. Alcohol’s effects may differ in men and women in important ways that suggest a narrower beneficial window.
A Variational Multichannel Space-Time Synthesis Method for Nonseparable Reactor Transients

A multichannel space-time synthesis model for the calculation of nonseparable reactor transients is developed from a variational functional which admits expansion functions that are discontinuous i...
Balance of Power, Components of Power, and Britain's Threat Perception in the 1930s

How do political (rather than economic) elites think about power? In this paper I use a neoclassical realist model of the state to challenge the conventional wisdom that during the 1930s Chamberlain and the “appeasers” rejected the traditions of balance of power. I argue that Britain balanced against Germany, Japan, and Italy, though, Britain did not balance against aggregate shifts in power alone. Instead, Britain’s foreign policy leaders discounted the future and thereby focused on shifts in particular components of power that challenged specific strategic interests. Thus, the components of power of foreign states shaped London’s identification of threats, rearmament program and priorities, diplomatic agreements, and even the concessions and inducements to rivals.
Discretization of the Domain

The first step of finite element method is the discretization of the domain.. It involves the discretization of the irregular domain into smaller and regular subdomains, known as finite elements. This is equivalent to replacing the domain having an infinite number of degrees of freedom by a system having finite number of degrees of freedom. A variety of methods can be used to model a domain with finite elements. Different methods of dividing the domain into finite elements involve different amounts of computational time and often lead to different approximations to the solution of the physical problem. The process of discretization is essentially an exercise of engineering judgment. Efficient methods of finite element idealization require some experience and knowledge of simple guidelines. For large problems involving complex geometries, finite element idealization based on manual procedures requires considerable effort and time on the part of the analyst. Some programs have been developed for the automatic mesh generation for the efficient idealization of complex domains with minimal interface with the analyst. For the discretization of problems involving curved geometries, finite elements with curved sides are useful. Various considerations should be be taken in the discretization process are types of elements, size of elements, location of nodes, number of elements, simplifications afforded by the physical configuration of the body, and finite representation of infinite bodies.
Han Fei and Confucianism: Toward a Synthesis

In this chapter, I begin with an acknowledgment of the differences between Han Fei’s political discourse and that of Confucians. In particular, the Confucians believed in the political efficacy of the transformative power of the ruler’s Virtue. Han Fei, in contrast, regards Virtue as exceedingly rare and impractical. However, despite these substantive disagreements, I contend that both Confucianism and Legalism have a place in today’s society. On the one hand, we would hope that the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigations will “do the tasks that have been assigned to [him or her]—and resolutely to refuse to do anything else,” just as Han Fei’s Supervisors of the Hat and Robe should stick to their own responsibilities and not meddle with anyone else’s. On the other hand, laws need to be interpreted: “Judges and juries must apply concepts like ‘informed consent,’ ‘reasonable doubt’ and ‘preponderance of evidence.’ And when they apply these concepts they are exercising wisdom” (emphasis in original). A little bit of virtue helps.
The Open GIS Web Service Specifications for Interoperable Access and Services of NASA EOS Data

Data is a representation of objects or phenomena in a formalized manner subject to interpretation or to which meaning may be assigned (ISO/IEC 2382-1, 1993). Geospatial data is the data that can be associated with location on Earth. Geospatial data is the dominant form of data in terms of data volume. Geospatial data are widely used in many socio-economic activities, ranging from environmental management to military operations. Because of the importance of geospatial data, both public and private sectors have invested huge amounts of resources and money in collecting, managing, archiving, and distributing geospatial data. The total amount of geospatial data is approaching exabytes and is continuing to grow rapidly.
Collecting and Analyzing Behavioral and Neural Data

In this chapter, we take up the important topic of data analysis. Using classical eyeblink conditioning as a model behavioral system, in this chapter we discuss how behavioral and neural data are typically analyzed after the data have been collected. For this discussion, we assume that the behavioral and neural data have been stored to a computer in some form (more on the use of the computer to control stimuli and collect data is presented in Chapter 11). A tacit assumption we also have, of course, is that all of the equipment involved in the data collection process is working properly. After all, the quality of data stored in the computer is determined, for the most part, by the quality of the components of the equipment that records and feeds the data to the computer. In writing this chapter, we have borrowed extensively from a couple of two-part papers that Gould, Sears and Steinmetz (1991 a and b) and Katz and Steinmetz (1995 a and b) wrote for the Kopf Carrier, a publication that is distributed to the general neuroscience community by David Kopf Instruments (Tujunga, CA).
Review, identification and analysis of local impact of projectile hazards in the LNG industry

Abstract With a strong growth in natural gas production in the United States, a number of liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities have been proposed and authorized. These LNG facilities have sufficient safety, security, risk assessment and mitigation plans developed in close coordination with the local, state, and federal authorities. However, to continue to ensure safer operations, it is vital to continue to improve the scope of risk assessment strategies. Recent incidents have highlighted the need to consider the potential hazard and risk from projectiles. The main objectives of this study were to-determine projectile parameters such as source, type, and characteristics (mass, diameter, velocity), review methods for local impact analysis, and conduct the analysis for identified potential projectile hazard scenarios. The paper concludes that the five different calculated impact thicknesses for concrete penetration, concrete scabbing, concrete perforation, and steel penetration and perforation depend directly on the kinetic energy and diameter of the projectile. Furthermore, the authors recommend that operators conduct a projectile hazard analyses for LNG facility projects based on potential projectiles from internal and external accidental events, natural hazards, and intentional events, which would be useful in making recommendations for the thickness and type of storage tanks and other equipment, and for other appropriate mitigation measures.
Machine learning electron correlation in a disordered medium

Learning from data has led to a paradigm shift in computational materials science. In particular, it has been shown that neural networks can learn the potential energy surface and interatomic forces through examples, thus bypassing the computationally expensive density functional theory calculations. Combining many-body techniques with a deep-learning approach, we demonstrate that a fully connected neural network is able to learn the complex collective behavior of electrons in strongly correlated systems. Specifically, we consider the Anderson-Hubbard (AH) model, which is a canonical system for studying the interplay between electron correlation and strong localization. The ground states of the AH model on a square lattice are obtained using the real-space Gutzwiller method. The obtained solutions are used to train a multitask multilayer neural network, which subsequently can accurately predict quantities such as the local probability of double occupation and the quasiparticle weight, given the disorder potential in the neighborhood as the input.
Commentary on News and Participation through and beyond Proprietary Platforms in an Age of Social Media

The far-seeing collection in this issue is arrayed across the terrain of journalism infused with social media. The authors take deep dives into the material and in the process contribute significantly to the research community’s corpus on social media and proprietary platforms in journalism. In their wake, they leave an ambitious albeit hazy roster of research topics. My aim is to offer a brief critique of the articles and conclude with a few hortatory words.
Measuring Dielectric Properties for Sensing Foreign Material in Peanuts

Free-space dielectric properties measurements at 10 GHz with four pairs of low-cost printed Yagi–Uda antennas are proposed for detecting foreign material in unshelled peanuts, including sticks, peanut shells, peanut raisins, and stones. The four-element array design of the Yagi–Uda antenna allowed better averaging over the entire sample volume and improved the measurement resolution. The antenna gain is about 9.7 dBi. The beam width of each antenna is about 18° and 38° for the E-plane and H-plane at 3 dB, respectively. The attenuation and phase shift were measured for each pair of antennas by controlling automatically the microwave switches. Measurement repeatability of the system was confirmed by using different thicknesses of polyethylene dielectric slab samples. The standard deviation was less than 0.5 dB for the attenuation and less than 5.0° for phase measurements. Sensitivity of each antenna pair for unshelled peanuts and different foreign materials, each loaded in a small volume (4.4 cm $\times4.4$ cm $\times12.1$ cm), was tested by using a partitioned sample container. It was shown that a difference in attenuation was more than 1.5 dB for different types of foreign materials and also for unshelled peanut samples with a 1% moisture content difference. Prediction of moisture content in cleaned unshelled peanut samples agreed well with the standard oven-drying method (standard error of calibration = 0.51%). The dielectric properties of foreign materials mixed with cleaned unshelled peanut samples were measured through the attenuation and phase shift. The measurement repeatability of each antenna and all four pairs of antennas is presented.
Palliative Care in the Intensive Care Unit: A Universal Need

Currently, the most contemporary definition of palliative care involves the following three components: (1) aggressive, expert-based symptom management, (2) psychosocial support of both the patient and the patient’s family (and to some degree the clinical staff caring for the patient), and (3) an expansive discussion of the patient’s goals of care for his/her medical/surgical care (Gustin and Aslakson, Anesthesiol Clin 33:591–605, 2015). Multiple organizations outside and within the United States of America (USA) have position statements and practice guidelines advocating for the use of specialized palliative care within all intensive care unit (ICU) environments (Aslakson et al. Crit Care Med 42:2418–2428, 2014). Specialized palliative care consultation is uniquely positioned to support patients and families as the work demands of the ICU may not afford critical care clinicians the time to manage both patient and family needs. The key focus of palliative care is from the patient, family, and caregiver perspective rather than from the ICU physician or surgeon perspective. This article means to explore the role of integrative palliative care interventions within a cardiac surgical intensive care unit.
‘Look to the bottom’: re-writing the body curriculum through storylines

Several critical scholars recently have debunked the media’s proclamation that with Obama’s presidency, the United States has entered a post-racial era, with the media thus fabricating an image of ...
Composability for Musical Gesture Signal Processing using new OSC-based Object and Functional Programming Extensions to Max/MSP

n effective programming style for gesture signal processing is described using a new library that brings efficient run-time polymorphism, functional and instance-based object-oriented programming to Max/MSP. By introducing better support for generic programming and composability Max/MSP becomes a more productive environment for managing the growing scale and complexity of gesture sensing systems for musical instruments and interactive installations. Keywordsobject, Open Sound Control, Gesture Signal Processing, Max/MSP, Functional Programming, Object- Oriented Programming, Delegation
Can’t be held responsible: Weak norms and refugee protection evasion:

States have increasingly moved away from refugee protection, intensifying the vulnerability of refugees and asylum-seekers. Drawing on theories of norm dynamics within International Relations (IR),...
Choosing preemption points to minimize typical running times

The problem of selecting "effective preemption points" in a program --- points in the code at which to permit preemption --- in order to minimize overall running time is considered. Prior solutions that have been proposed for this problem are based on workload models in which worst-case known upper bounds are assumed for the duration needed to perform preemptions at particular points in the code, and of the time needed to non-preemptively execute the code between preemption points. Since these solutions are based on worst-case assumptions, they tend to select effective preemption points in a conservative manner; consequently the overall execution time of the program may be needlessly large under most typical run-time circumstances. We consider a more general workload model in which "typical" values, as well as upper bounds, are assumed to be known for the preemption durations and the non-preemptive code-execution durations; given such information, we derive algorithms for the optimal placement of preemption points in a manner that minimizes the typical overall running time (while continuing to guarantee, if needed, upper bounds on the worst-case over-all running time). Both off-line solutions (in which all preemption points are selected prior to run-time) and on-line solutions (where the selection of some of the preemption points is made during run-time and therefore can exploit knowledge of the actual durations of prior preemptions and of the executions of already executed pieces of code) are presented and proved optimal.
Multiaxial fatigue behavior of thermoplastics including mean stress and notch effects: Experiments and modeling

Abstract Thermoplastics are used in many industries with many applications and can be manufactured using different processing techniques. Multiaxial loading and non-proportionality between different loading sources are inevitable in many design applications with such materials. In this study, multiaxial fatigue behavior of extruded high density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and neat polyamide66 (PA66) as well as reinforced with short glass fibers (PA66-G30) was investigated. The effects of mean stress and stress concentration on multiaxial fatigue behavior were also studied. Analytical models to account for these effects based on observed damage mechanism are presented and discussed by the comparing with the experimental data.
A Qualitative Study on the United States Internet of Energy: A Step Towards Computational Sustainability

The burgeoning growth of Big Data not only matures and improves the data management efficiency and useful information extraction techniques, but also motivates the computational science researchers to come up with a new method or solution that can be repurposed for problems across the domain. Computational Sustainability joins this movement for a transferrable computational technique for sustainable development and a better future. Internet-of-energy (IoE) - leveraging IoT to smart grids associated with advanced analytics - is one of the prominent efforts in this regard. This paper presents a qualitative analysis on the elements of the energy and power management ecosystem in the United States. This qualitative study includes the Grid Overview of the United States; Weather and Climate and its impact on the entire energy generation and consumption dynamics; Peak Load Forecasting and its techniques and burgeoning challenges; Variable Renewable Energy, its reliability challenges and how we can take advantage of this variability; Commodity Prices and its criticality; Energy Disaggregation and its impact on consumption-awareness; and Generation Expansion and Decision Analysis. Besides, IoE integration, associated trade-offs, challenges, research opportunities and transferable computational techniques are addressed in this communication. Furthermore, schematics and quantitative analysis are presented in support of this study.
The impact of mathematics anxiety on stress appraisals, neuroendocrine responses, and academic performance in a community college sample

Mathematics anxiety is a major impediment to achievement in mathematics and science academic domains. Although important steps have been made in understanding the psychological processes of mathematics anxiety, as well as developing promising interventions, less is known about the relationship among mathematics anxiety, affective and biological responses, and achievement in stressful performance contexts. Toward this end, the research presented here recruited community college students (N = 478) from 30 mathematics classrooms, and examined associations among mathematics anxiety, stress appraisals, neuroendocrine reactivity (cortisol and testosterone), and exam scores. Higher levels of mathematics anxiety associated with students perceiving more demand and fewer coping resources in exam settings, lower levels of testosterone on exam days relative to baseline, and worse exam performance. Moreover, associations among mathematics anxiety, and neuroendocrine reactivity and performance were partially mediated by stress appraisals. Implications for student achievement, wellbeing, and intervention development are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Implementation of Infant Behavioral Sleep Intervention in a Diverse Sample of Mothers.

Behavioral Sleep Interventions (BSI) is an efficacious class of treatment approaches for infant sleep disturbance. Little is known about BSI implementation in the real world. Objectives were to a) ...
Influence of meeting weekday and weekend step count recommendations on weight statusin children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between meeting step count recommendations during the weekday and weekend and the weight status in school-aged children. A convenience ...
Outcomes of genetic test disclosure and genetic counseling in a large Parkinson's disease research study.

Genetic testing for Parkinson's disease (PD) is growing as interventional clinical trials begin to enroll participants with PD who carry pathogenic variants in the LRRK2 or GBA genes. However, the impact of receiving genetic test results and the satisfaction with receiving genetic counseling among PD populations have not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to evaluate (1) the psychological impact of genetic testing for PD and (2) satisfaction with genetic counseling. Surveyed participants (N = 875) were individuals with PD or at risk of developing PD, initially recruited for the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI) study and currently enrolled in the Widespread Recruitment Initiative (WRI) at Indiana University. Individuals were surveyed following genetic test disclosure and genetic counseling regarding results from targeted testing for pathogenic variants in the LRRK2 and GBA genes. Participants were surveyed via two tools: a modified version of the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment Survey (M-MICRA), which measured the psychological impact of genetic testing and the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Survey (GCSS). Participants were divided into affected/unaffected and variant positive/negative groups for subset analyses. The majority of participants had favorable M-MICRA scores and were satisfied with the disclosure of the genetic test results and genetic counseling for PD. However, participants with PD and those with pathogenic variants had less favorable M-MICRA scores and lower satisfaction scores compared to those without disease or pathogenic variants. This information is valuable to providers performing genetic testing of and genetic counseling to people and families affected with PD. Individuals with PD and individuals with pathogenic variants may benefit from additional interventions.
Differential response to SSRI versus Placebo and distinct neural signatures among data-driven subgroups of patients with major depressive disorder

Abstract Objective : To identify data-driven subgroups in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in order to elucidate underlying neural correlates and determine if these subgroups have utility in predicting response to antidepressant versus placebo. Methods : Using 27 clinical measures at baseline of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC) study, participants with MDD (n=244) were sub grouped using principal component (PC) analysis. Baseline-to-week-8 changes in depression severity with sertraline versus placebo were compared in these subgroups. Resting-state functional connectivity of these subgroups were compared to those of healthy controls (n=38). Results : Eight subgroups were identified from four PCs: (PC1) severity of depression-associated symptoms, (PC2) sub-threshold mania and anhedonia, (PC3) childhood trauma, medical comorbidities, and sexual dysfunction, and (PC4) personality traits of openness and agreeableness. Participants with high childhood trauma experienced greater improvement with sertraline (Cohen's d=0.87), whereas those with either higher levels of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms (Cohen's d=0.67) or with lower levels of agreeableness and openness experienced greater improvement with placebo (Cohen's d=0.71). Participants with high childhood trauma had greater connectivity between salience and dorsal attention networks, whereas those with higher levels of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and lower levels of agreeableness and openness had greater connectivity within limbic network and that of visual network with hippocampus and dorsal attention network. Conclusion : Assessing history of childhood trauma, presence of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and personality traits may help to identify subgroups of patients with MDD who respond differentially to sertraline or placebo and have distinct neural signatures.
Industrialized Gut Microbiota Promote Intestinal Inflammation in Mice

Immigration to a highly industrialized nation has been associated with metabolic disease and simultaneous shifts in microbiota composition, but the underlying mechanisms are challenging to test in human studies. Here, we assessed the differential effects of human gut microbiota collected from the United States (US) and rural Thailand on the murine gut mucosa and immune system. Colonization of germ-free mice with microbiota from US individuals resulted in an increased accumulation of innate-like CD8 T cells in the small intestine lamina propria and intra-epithelial compartments when compared to colonization with microbiota from Thai individuals. Both TCRgd and CD8aa T cells showed marked increase in mice receiving the Western microbiota and, interestingly this phenotype was also associated with an increase in intestinal mucus thickness. Serendipitously, an accidentally infected group of mice corroborated this association between elevated inflammatory response and increased mucus thickness. These results suggest that Western-associated human gut microbes contribute to a pro-inflammatory immune response.
Hire or care: the effects of aging parents on household labor supply

This paper analyzes how aging parents’ health conditions affect household labor supply. I propose a time-use model with wage heterogeneity and assume that care responsibilities involve both time and budget constraints. When households can purchase care services, differences in secondary earners’ wages and care requirements lead to heterogeneity in household responses to a parental health shock. Primary earners and high-wage secondary earners work more. I confirm the model’s predictions by using panel data from the Health and Retirement Study to construct an exogenous shock from the change in parents’ health conditions and estimate its impact on labor supply.
Evaluation of Distribution Equipment Utilization Based on Data Driven

In order to effectively quantify the relationship between the technical level of equipment planning, operation, maintenance and control and asset utilization, and to implement the accurate strategy of equipment utilization improvement, a data-driven distribution equipment utilization evaluation method is proposed. A distribution equipment utilization evaluation model with multi-dimensional influence factors of power grid-load-management is constructed. The process visualization of in-service equipment utilization, retired equipment life-cycle utilization and comprehensive utilization of regional equipment in time domain is carried out. Multiple linear regression algorithm is used to screen the key influencing factors with high sensitivity, and it is used to construct the hyper-parameter optimization convolutional neural network model for the trend prediction of various equipment utilization indexes. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through the case analysis of the actual system, which can provide technical support for the fine management of the whole life cycle of distribution assets.
A generic conceptualization of the cultural distance index: Application to Schwartz's and Hofstede's frameworks

Purpose – This article aims at offering and validating a theory‐driven conceptualization of the cultural distance index.Design/methodology/approach – First, the cultural distance index is conceptualized, its conceptual properties are discussed, and a generic formula is proposed. Subsequently, the generic formula is applied to Schwartz's and Hofstede's frameworks. Finally, using the new formula the cultural distance is calculated, its robustness is examined, and its advantages over the Kogut and Singh's measure are inspected.Findings – Through this paper it is found that by considering issues such as cultural dimensions' alignment and their relative weight, it is possible to build a more accurate index of cultural distance. Moreover, based on the generic formula it is understood that collectivism/individualism and power distance in Hofstede's framework and conservatism, egalitarianism in Schwartz's model are important cultural dimensions and account for a considerable weight in the cultural distance index....
Inhibition of activities of DNA polymerase α, β, γ, and reverse transcriptase of L1210 cells by phosphonoacetic acid

Abstract Phosphonoacetic acid has been shown to suppress replication of DNA tumor viruses by inhibiting the activity of virus-induced DNA polymerase and consequently viral DNA synthesis. We now have evidence to show that phosphonoacetic acid inhibits also the cellular DNA polymerases α, β, and γ of L1210 cells as well as reverse transcriptases of two type C viruses. Particularly, the DNA polymerase α is just as senstive as the herpes virus-induced DNA polymerase. The DNA polymerases β and γ required seven times more phosphonoacetic acid for a 50% inhibition of their activities. Phosphonoacetic acid inhibited the activities of the reverse transcriptase and terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase only at higher concentrations. Kinetic analysis with the DNA polymerase α showed that the compound is a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to the substrates and uncompetitive inhibitor with the activated DNA template. Studies on time course of phosphonoacetic acid inhibition revealed that the compound is inhibitory even after the initiation of DNA synthesis. Phosphonoacetic acid also inhibited cell growth as well as the type C virus production; at concentrations above 50 μg/ml, the inhibitory effect was more profound on the type C virus production than on cell growth.
Flexible architectures: a key to low cost fly-by-light

The high cost associated with the development and acquisition of new, highly complex and integrated digital control and avionics systems is leading industry toward increased standardization, modularization, and the use of flexible architectures. This trend is already evident in today's new fly-by-wire systems and is progressing rapidly into tomorrow's fly-by-light systems. This paper discusses some concepts and approaches for the development and application of low cost flexible fly-by-light aircraft control. >
Islam: Middle East

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 12, pp. 7920–7927, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Continental-shelf sediment as a primary source of iron for coastal phytoplankton

The availability of iron, an essential nutrient, controls rates of phytoplankton primary productivity in the open-ocean, upwelling ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific1,2. Upwelling injects large amounts of macronutrients into the euphotic zone of eastern boundary currents, such as the California Current System (CCS), where iron can become the limiting factor on productivity3,4. Iron addition to samples from some areas of the CCS has been shown to increase rates of biomass production5,6, but the processes that control iron availability in these systems remain poorly understood. Here we report measurements of dissolvable iron (that is, dissolved plus leachable iron at pH 3) in transects across the CCS in March of 1997 and 1998. We foundhigh concentrations of iron in 1997 during strong upwelling conditions. During the 1998 El Nino, the concentration of dissolvable iron in surface waters was low, even though that yearwas marked by high river flow and low offshore salinity. These results indicate that the primary source of iron in the CCS isresuspension of particles in the benthic boundary layer, followed by upwelling of this iron-rich water, rather than direct riverine input. This source of iron must be an essential but variable component of the high productivity found in upwelling ecosystems.
Impact of Early Defoliation on California Pima Cotton Boll Opening, Lint Yield, and Quality

Chemical defoliation is a necessary pre-harvest practice in Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) production in California. Growers begin defoliating as early as possible but yield and quality loss can occur if the bolls are not fully mature. Harvest aids can advance harvest dates, avoid late-season pests, and adverse weather conditions in California. A study was conducted on Pima cotton, cv. ‘Phytogen-802’. Different rates of Ginstar (ai thidiazuron/diuron, Bayer CropScience) or Ginstar plus Finish 6-Pro (ai ethephon/cyclanilide, Bayer CropScience) were applied at 6 to 7 nodes above cracked boll (NACB) or 4 to 5 NACB at various rates. Results showed that these harvest aids could be applied at the tested rates at both timings without any adverse effects on percent open bolls, and lint yield and quality. Therefore, application of these harvest-aid materials starting at 6 to 7 NACB can benefit Pima cotton growers in California as early harvests can be achieved without compromising lint yield or quality.