cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functional role of the spatial proximity of Asp114(2.50) in TMH 2 and Asn332(7.49) in TMH 7 of the μ opioid receptor

We examined whether a proposed spatial proximity between Asp114(2.50) and Asn332(7.49) affected the functional properties of the μ opioid receptor. The D114(2.50)N mutant had reduced binding affinities for morphine, DAMGO and CTAP, but not for naloxone and [3H]diprenorphine; this mutation also abolished agonist-induced increase in [35S]GTPγS binding. The N332(7.49)D mutation eliminated detectable binding of either [3H]diprenorphine or [3H]DAMGO. The combined D114(2.50)N-N332(7.49)D mutation restored high affinity binding for [3H]diprenorphine, CTAP and naloxone, and restored partially the binding affinities, potencies and efficacies of morphine and DAMGO. Thus, reciprocal mutations of Asp114(2.50) and Asn332(7.49) compensate for the detrimental effects of the single mutations, indicating that the residues are adjacent in space and that their chemical functionalities are important for ligand binding and receptor activation.
A Call to Classify and Quantify Hospital Medication Errors: Results from a Meta-Analysis

In 2000, the Institute of Medicine published To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System which stated that between 44,000 to 98,000 patient deaths occur annually due to largely preventable medical errors. While this number is staggering, the number of errors adversely affecting patients in ways other than death must be much greater. The goal of the current study was to determine the types of in-hospital drug-related medical errors that occur, as well as to quantify the proportion and severity of those errors. A lack of consistency across studies in hospital error reporting prevented an accurate analysis of drug-related errors and their severity. The authors recommend future studies (and hospitals alike) adhere to, at minimum, five guidelines in error reporting. It is hoped that with standardized reporting methods a better understanding of medication-related errors can be gained, thus resulting in the design and implementation of error-reducing measures.
Treatment of Neuropathic Pain: An Overview of Recent Guidelines

A number of different treatments for neuropathic pain have been studied, but the literature is sizable, rapidly evolving, and lacks important information about practical aspects of patient management. Under the auspices of the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG), a consensus process was used to develop evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain that take into account clinical efficacy, adverse effects, impact on health-related quality of life, convenience, and costs. On the basis of randomized clinical trials, medications recommended as first-line treatments for neuropathic pain included certain antidepressants (i.e., tricyclic antidepressants and dual reuptake inhibitors of both serotonin and norepinephrine), calcium channel alpha(2)-delta ligands (i.e., gabapentin and pregabalin), and topical lidocaine. Opioid analgesics and tramadol were recommended as second-line treatments that can be considered for first-line use in selected clinical circumstances. Other medications that generally would be used as third-line treatments include certain other antidepressant and antiepileptic medications, topical capsaicin, mexiletine, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists. Two other national and international associations recently published pharmacologic treatment guidelines for neuropathic pain, which are summarized and contrasted with the NeuPSIG recommendations. Recent guidelines for the use of neurostimulation for the treatment of neuropathic pain also are summarized. For all treatments for neuropathic pain, long-term studies, head-to-head comparisons, and studies of treatment combinations are a priority for future research.
Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the SL9 Impact Sites. I. The 175-230 nm Region

Abstract We present a comprehensive analysis of spectra in the 175–230 nm wavelength region obtained by the Faint Object Spectrograph of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) to determine the abundance of molecular species in the vicinity of the G and L impact sites. Data were obtained on July 18, roughly 3 hr after the G impact, on August 9, and on August 23. All spectra clearly show signatures of aerosols and gaseous CS 2 and NH 3 . The spectra obtained on July 18 also show the spectral signature of H 2 S. To determine the abundance of gases and aerosols we compare the observations with calculations based on the scattering properties of three-layer models for the atmosphere. We are able to fit the aerosol-dominated portions of the spectra with aerosol distributions similar to those derived from HST imaging observations by West et al. ( Science, 267, 1296–1301, 1995). On all three dates we find that CS 2 resides at lower pressures than H 2 S, NH 3 , and the bulk of the aerosols. The CS 2 column abundance is approximately 10 −7 g-cm −2 on July 18, a factor of 2–3 less on August 9, and another factor of 2 less on August 23. NH 3 is confined to pressures greater than 5 mbar with a mole fraction of 1 × 10 −7 on July 18 and August 9, decreasing to 3 × 10 −8 on August 23. H 2 S is also confined to pressures greater than 5 mbar with a mole fraction of 5 × 10 −8 on July 18. These mole fractions depend upon assumptions about the aerosol distribution and are derived from models with an aerosol column density of 2 × 10 9 cm −2. Using different aerosol models, it is possible to obtain adequate fits to the spectra with mole fractions of H 2 S and NH 3 that are 2.5 and 7.5 times smaller. The spectra show no evidence for SO 2 absorption and we derive an upper limit of 10 −7 g-cm −2 for the July 18 spectrum, assuming that SO 2 has the same altitude distribution as CS 2 . Using the same assumptions we derive upper limits of 10 −6 and 3 × 10 −8 for OCS and SO. There is no compelling evidence for either H 2 O or C 2 H 2 but both can be tolerated with mole fractions of 1 × 10 −7 and 3 × 10 −7 , respectively. The altitude distributions of CS 2 , H 2 S, and NH 3 suggest that CS 2 was created by chemistry in the plume but that H 2 S and NH 3 were injected into the stratosphere from below by upwelling over spatial scales of thousands of kilometers associated with the impact. The presence of H 2 S on July 18 suggests that the G fragment penetrated at least as deep as the NH 4 –SH clouds.
The discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine: Effects of microinfusion of cocaine, a 5-HT(1A) agonist or antagonist, into the ventral tegmental area

Serotonin (5-HT) afferents may modulate the dopamine mesoaccumbens circuit, which has been shown to be critically involved in the locomotor stimulatory, discriminative stimulus, and rewarding properties of cocaine. In the present study, we investigated the role of 5-HT 1A receptors in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mediating the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to discriminate cocaine (10 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever, water-reinforced FR 20 task. After acquiring the cocaine-saline discrimination, rats were stereotaxically implanted with bilateral guide cannulae into the VTA or adjacent substantia nigra reticulata (SNR). Intraperitoneal administration of cocaine (0.625-10 mg/kg) produced a dose-related increase in drug-lever responding. Both intra-VTA and intra-SNR infusion of cocaine (12.5-50 μg/0.5 μl/side) engendered primarily saline-like responding. Microinjection of the 5-HT 1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin (DPAT; 0.1-10 μg/0.5 μl/side) or the 5-HT 1A antagonist WAY 100635 (0.01-1.0 μg/0.5 μl/side) into the VTA or SNR did not substitute for the systemic cocaine cue. Further, intra-VTA or intra-SNR DPAT or WAY 100635 in combination with systemic doses of cocaine did not alter (i.e., attenuate or potentiate) the systemic cocaine cue. Overall, these data indicate that 5-HT 1A receptors in the VTA do not mediate or modulate the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in the rat.
Radiation therapy in the treatment of aggressive fibromatoses

Abstract Twelve patients with aggressive but histologically benign connective tissue tumors (nine desmoids and three neurofibromas) were treated with either radiation or radiation plus surgery. Long term local control was accomplished in eight of nine desmoid tumors and 2 of 3 neurofibromas. In the successfully treated patients, local control was obtained with minimal long term complications when compared with radical surgical procedures that would have been necessary for cure. Details of radiation treatment are discussed along with proposed indications for therapy.
Responses of Heterodera glycines and Meloidogyne incognita to exogenously applied neuromodulators.

Biogenic amines regulate important behaviours in nematodes and are associated with pharyngeal activity in plant-parasitic nematodes. A robust behavioural assay based upon nematode body movements was developed to expand the study of these and other neuroregulators in plant-parasitic nematodes. Dopamine, octopamine and serotonin each had significant but differing effects on the behaviour of soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita juveniles. Body movement frequency was increased twofold in H. glycines by 5 mM dopamine (P ¼ 0.0001), but decreased by 50 mM dopamine in H. glycines (88%) and M. incognita (53%) (P , 0.0001). Movement frequency in both species was increased by 50‐ 70% (P , 0.0001) by 50 mM octopamine, and 5 mM octopamine increased M. incognita movement frequency more than twofold (P , 0.0001). Movement frequency in each species was reduced by more than 90% by 5 mM serotonin (P , 0.0001). While amplitude of body movement in H. glycines was unaffected by any amine, it was significantly reduced in M. incognita by all amines (P , 0.0006). Stylet pulsing frequencies in either species were unaffected by dopamine or octopamine, but 5 mM serotonin stimulated pulsing in H. glycines by nearly 13-fold (P , 0.0001) and in M. incognita by more than 14-fold (P , 0.0001). The invertebrate neuropeptide FLRFamide (N-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe) increased M. incognita body movement frequency 45% (P ¼ 0.02) at 1 mM but did not affect stylet activity. Finally, H. glycines egg hatch was completely suppressed by 50 mM serotonin, and partially suppressed by 50 mM dopamine (75%; P , 0.0001) and 50 mM octopamine (55%; P , 0.0001).
Acknowledging individual responsibility while emphasizing social determinants in narratives to promote obesity-reducing public policy: a randomized experiment.

This study tests whether policy narratives designed to increase support for obesity-reducing public policies should explicitly acknowledge individual responsibility while emphasizing social, physical, and economic (social) determinants of obesity. We use a web-based, randomized experiment with a nationally representative sample of American adults (n = 718) to test hypotheses derived from theory and research on narrative persuasion. Respondents exposed to narratives that acknowledged individual responsibility while emphasizing obesity’s social determinants were less likely to engage in counterargument and felt more empathy for the story’s main character than those exposed to a message that did not acknowledge individual responsibility. Counterarguing and affective empathy fully mediated the relationship between message condition and support for policies to reduce rates of obesity. Failure to acknowledge individual responsibility in narratives emphasizing social determinants of obesity may undermine the persuasiveness of policy narratives. Omitting information about individual responsibility, a strongly-held American value, invites the public to engage in counterargument about the narratives and reduces feelings of empathy for a character that experiences the challenges and benefits of social determinants of obesity.
Journalism's failure on nuclear power information

Abstract By means of a questionnaire the public's decision-making as to the acceptability of nuclear power for generating electricity was assessed in the United States. The public was asked to give their opinion about (1) the radiation expectancy from nuclear power industry compared to the natural radiation, (2) the Three Mile Island accident, and (3) how the risks of nuclear power compare with other common risks (non-nuclear). The outcome was related to the values as obtained from probabilistic risk assessment. The public opinion obviously shows an overreaction due to its misinformation via the basic public channels; a responsibility of journalism.
Regulated nuclear import of the STAT1 transcription factor by direct binding of importin‐α

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) reside in a latent state in the cytoplasm of the cell, but accumulate in the nucleus in response to cytokines or growth factors. Localization in the nucleus occurs following STAT tyrosine phosphorylation and dimerization. In this report we demonstrate a direct interaction of importin-α5 with tyrosine-phosphorylated STAT1 dimers, and provide evidence that a nuclear localization signal (NLS) exists in an inactive state within a STAT1 monomer. A mutation in STAT1 leucine 407 (L407A) is characterized, which generates a protein that is accurately tyrosine phosphorylated in response to interferon, dimerizes and binds DNA, but does not localize to the nucleus. The import defect of STAT1(L407A) appears to be a consequence of the inability of this protein to be recognized by its import shuttling receptor. In addition, we demonstrate that STAT1 binding to specific target DNA effectively blocks importin-α5 binding. This result may play a role in localizing STAT1 to its destination in the nucleus, and in releasing importin-α5 from STAT1 for recycling back to the cytoplasm.
Campaign Contributions and U.S. Foreign Policy Outcomes: An Analysis of Cuban American Interests

To what extent are ethnic minority interest groups able to influence U.S. foreign policy? Current case study research has identified several factors that may condition the ability of diasporic groups to influence foreign policy toward ancestral “homelands.” To this point, existing studies have been unable to isolate the impact of campaign contributions from other factors that may influence U.S. foreign policy decision making. The current study uses a combination of conditional and standard logistic regression to examine the impact of Cuban American interest group and individual campaign contributions on a series of votes on key amendments in the 108th and 109th Congresses. Results from the study support the idea that the Cuban diasporic community in the United States has had an impact on U.S. foreign policy toward Cuba. However, there are significant limits to this influence conditioned in part by issue salience.
Wing, tail, and vocal contributions to the complex acoustic signals of courting Calliope hummingbirds

Multi-component signals contain multiple signal parts expressed in the same physical modality. One way to identify individual components is if they are produced by different physical mechanisms. Here, I studied the mechanisms generating acoustic signals in the courtship displays of the Calliope hummingbird Stellula calliope. Display dives consisted of three synchro- nized sound elements, a high-frequency tone (hft), a low frequency tone (lft), and atonal sound pulses (asp), which were then fol- lowed by a frequency-modulated fall. Manipulating any of the rectrices (tail-feathers) of wild males impaired production of the lft and asp but not the hft or fall, which are apparently vocal. I tested the sound production capabilities of the rectrices in a wind tunnel. Single rectrices could generate the lft but not the asp, whereas multiple rectrices tested together produced sounds similar to the asp when they fluttered and collided with their neighbors percussively, representing a previously unknown mechanism of sound production. During the shuttle display, a trill is generated by the wings during pulses in which the wingbeat frequency is elevated to 95 Hz, 40% higher than the typical hovering wingbeat frequency. The Calliope hummingbird courtship displays in- clude sounds produced by three independent mechanisms, and thus include a minimum of three acoustic signal components. These acoustic mechanisms have different constraints and thus potentially contain different messages. Producing multiple acous- tic signals via multiple mechanisms may be a way to escape the constraints present in any single mechanism (Current Zoology 57 (2): 187-196, 2011).
Mutation of the Rab6 Homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, YPT6, Inhibits Both Early Golgi Function and Ribosome Biosynthesis

A screen was designed to identify temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose transcription of both ribosomal RNA and ribosomal protein genes is repressed at the nonpermissive temperature. The gene from one such mutant was cloned by complementation. The gene encodes a predicted product that is nearly 65% identical to the human GTPase, Rab6, and is likely to be identical to the yeast gene YPT6. It is essential for growth only at elevated temperatures. The mutant strain is partially defective in the maturation of the vacuolar protein carboxypeptidase Y, as well as in the secretion of invertase, which accumulates as a core-glycosylated form characteristic of the endoplasmic reticulum or the cis-Golgi, suggesting that Ypt6p is involved in an early step of the secretory pathway, earlier than that reported for the mammalian Rab6. The mutant protein, a truncation at codon 64 of 215, has a stronger phenotype than the null allele of YPT6. Four other mutants selected for defective ribosome synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature were also found to have defects in carboxypeptidase Y maturation, giving emphasis to our previous finding that a functional secretory pathway is essential for continued ribosome synthesis. Cloning of extragenic suppressors of the ts allele of YPT6 has revealed two additional proteins that influence the secretory pathway: Ssd1p, a suppressor of many mutations, and Imh1p, which bears some homology to the C-terminal portion of the cytoskeletal proteins integrin and myosin.
Integral equation method for the computation of PD inception voltage in voids

The presence of voids in insulation materials has deleterious effects on the electrical performance of insulation, and eventually cause breakdown of the insulation. Understanding the physics of partial discharge is a major field of research for the interpretation and identification of insulation defects. The integral equation method presented in this paper provides a general approach to computations of electric stress in dielectrics with voids. The applications of the method are illustrated by computations of the maximum electric stress and inception voltage for voids of various shapes. The method presented in this paper allows us to analyze the electric stress in dielectrics with voids, and thus to make assessment of the risk of insulation breakdown.
A self-sustaining, autonomous, wireless-sensor beacon powered from long-range, ambient, RF energy

A novel embedded sensing and wireless relay mote that powers itself from long range digital TV signals is presented. With an improved antenna, RF-DC circuit, and an energy-aware embedded-firmware design, enough wireless power from a distributed TV tower network can be harnessed for wireless sensor telemetry. A microcontroller and 900 MHz transmitter for the telemetry has been powered on and sustained from ambient TV signals at previously unreported range of 6.5 km from a TV broadcast source.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Lung Biopsy in Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose The objective of this study was to describe the diagnostic yield and complication rate of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung biopsy in the evaluation of pulmonary lesions in patients with cancer and recipients of hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods We conducted a systematic literature review and performed electronic searches of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if patients had cancer or were recipients of HSCT, and if they underwent BAL or lung biopsy for the evaluation of pulmonary lesions. Only English language publications were included. Results In all, 14,148 studies were screened; 72 studies of BAL and 31 of lung biopsy were included. The proportion of procedures leading to any diagnosis was similar by procedure type (0.53 v 0.54; P = .94) but an infectious diagnosis was more common with BAL compared with lung biopsy (0.49 v 0.34; P < .001). Lung biopsy more commonly led to a noninfectious diagnosis (0.43 v 0...
The synthesis of (S)‐di‐n‐propyl‐(8‐isoxazol‐5‐yl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalen‐2‐yl)amine hydrochloride and its C‐14‐labeled isotopomer

The partial ergoline LY228729 (1) which was a potent 5HT1A agonist has been studied clinically. Somewhat later, a related analog, (S)-di-n-propyl-(8-isoxazol-5-yl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)amine (2a) which in addition to potent 5HT1A agonist activity was a muscarinic antagonist, was chosen for clinical development for use in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. In the course of pre-clinical evaluation of 2a, radiolabeled material was required for ADME studies. In this paper, we have discussed the preparation of 2a and 2b (the C-14-labeled isotopomer of 2a). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adolescent Romantic Relationships

In this article, we review theoretical and empirical advances in research on romantic relationships between age 10 and the early twenties. First, we describe key themes in this area of research. Next, we briefly characterize the most influential theoretical formulations and distinctive methodological issues. We then describe research findings regarding pertinent social and developmental processes. We summarize the extensive findings on relationships with parents and peers as a context for romantic relationships. Finally, we characterize the growing evidence that adolescent romantic relationships are significant for individual adjustment and development, and we note promising directions for further research.
An optimization model of setting up images for server provisioning in cloud service

Efficient and flexible server provisioning is one of the most important criteria in measuring quality of cloud service. In order to save time and mitigate risk, images are set up as templates. And to provision a server, the cloud service provider replicates a selected image and then customize it to fulfill the server request. Therefore image set-up is vital to the efficiency and flexibility of cloud service. In this paper, we propose an optimization model of setting up images and mapping server request to correct image in server provisioning, with the purpose of minimizing total cost of setting up images, maintaining images and provisioning servers. After that, we compare the proposed approach with the vanilla image approach in server provisioning with numerical experiment.
Controversies in Antimicrobial Stewardship

Antimicrobial stewardship programs are ­recommended by the Infectious Diseases Society of America as a method to control antimicrobial costs and resistance. These programs are usually implemented hospital wide, but there is little evidence on their effects in oncology units. Three controversial areas of antimicrobial stewardship in oncology units include whether these programs decrease antimicrobial resistance when antimicrobial restriction is implemented, the role of antimicrobial cycling on Gram-negative resistance and that these programs rarely control outpatient antimicrobial therapy. This review will discuss these controversial areas with regard to the evidence, strength of trial design, and the generalizability of their outcomes.
Building Support for Conservation: Public Participation

This chapter provides guidance to local governments interested in using consensus based processes to make and inform conservation decisions and policies. Topics include whom to invite, how to reach different groups, meeting management, and establishing the purpose of the consensus process. This chapter also explains how these techniques were used in the Town of Clifton, New York.
Coagulopathy in Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Fine Balance

Therapeutic intervention with mechanical circulatory support has revolutionized the medical care of individuals living with advanced heart failure. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have enabled patients to live longer while providing improved quality of life and functional status. However, intervention is not without risk. Over the last decade, clinicians have identified common mechanical assist device-associated complications. This appears to be multi-factorial with relation to patient variables, inherent device technology, and nuances of concurrent medical management. This review will discuss the impact of adverse hematologic complications: bleeding, pump thrombosis, and hemolysis in continuous flow LVAD patients. These obstacles continue to pose a clinical challenge with regard to both diagnosis and optimal management. Heightened awareness and understanding of heterogeneous clinical presentations is essential for preventive management and early detection with intervention.
Some Current Developments in Futures Trading

IN RECENT months a great amount of agitation has been manifest concerning trading in onions and potatoes. Committees of both houses of Congress have held hearings over bills designed to prohibit futures trading in the two commodities separately.' The onion bill2 was reported favorably out of the House agricultural committee. Testimony has been heard from growers, dealers, congressmen, representatives of the Commodity Exchange Authority,3 and members and officers of the Commodity Exchanges, among others. The C.E.A. has conducted special surveys of both markets at frequent intervals and has published the results of these and of their analyses of the markets.4 Official and unofficial complaints of manipulation on the onion and potato markets have been aired. Formal disciplinary action has been taken against certain individuals5 as a result of some C.E.A. investigations of these markets, but the same may be said of other futures markets which are not currently under direct attack. The current attacks are spearheaded by the national growers' associations, although it is not clear how spontaneous or widespread the anti-exchange sentiment may be among growers. The current attack is the most concerted attack undergone by any futures markets in the United States since the grain markets were placed under federal regulation in 1922. Prior to that time, more than 100 bills designed to outlaw or restrict futures trading in the United States had been introduced in Congress, but none had passed. A vast amount of in-
Mitochondrial Copy Number as a Biomarker for Autism

* Abbreviations: AS — : autism ASD — : autism spectrum disorder mt — : mitochondrial, mtCN, mitochondrial copy number mtDNA — : mitochondrial DNA Autism (AS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a group of neurodevelopmental disorders of acute clinical and pathomechanistic heterogeneity. The serious impact of AS/ASD in families1,2 and the alarming growth of AS/ASD in the developed world3,4 have highlighted the pressing need both to develop new early diagnostic tools and to understand causality as a means of developing new therapeutic paradigms. In this issue of Pediatrics , Wong et al5 studied mitochondrial (mt) copy number (mtCN) and the incidence of mt deletions in parents and children with autism (refs 6–8 and review in ref 9). They report an increased mtCN in patients with AS compared with matched control children, as well as an increase in the number of mt deletions, although there was no evidence of excessive mt gene loss between these 2 groups. In addition, they found that fathers of AS children had a higher incidence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions (but not mtCN) compared with fathers of control … Address correspondence to Nicholas Katsanis, PhD, 300 N Duke St, Suite 47–101, Durham, NC 27701. E-mail: katsanis{at}cellbio.duke.edu
Vapor-Phase Cracking of 4-Vinylguaiacol in a Laminar-Flow Reactor: Kinetics and Effect of Temperature on Product Composition

The vapor-phase cracking of 4-vinylguaiacol has been investigated in a nonisothermal, laminar-flow reactor at temperatures between 300 and 900 °C and a residence time of one second. Products identified by gas chromatography were oxygenated compounds such as phenols, cresols, furans, ketones, and aldehydes, single-ring and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, C1–C6 hydrocarbon gases, and carbon monoxide. Temperature had a marked effect in governing the overall product composition. Conversion of 4-vinylguaiacol to products increased above 400 °C and was completed at 550 °C. Reaction rate parameters derived from the conversion data were A = 1013 s–1 and Ea = 45.3 kcal mol–1. The oxygenated compounds were observed as products in the range 450–800 °C, peaking in yields below 700 °C. The aromatic hydrocarbons and light gases dominated the product composition above 600 °C, especially at 900 °C, the highest temperature investigated. On the basis of the experimental data showing the effect of temperature on product c...
Induction of regulatory T-cells from memory T-cells is perturbed during acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis.

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are vital for maintaining immunological self-tolerance, and the transcription factor FOXP3 is considered critical for their development and function. Peripheral Treg induction may significantly contribute to the total Treg pool in healthy adults, and this pathway may be enhanced in thymic-deficient conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we evaluated iTreg formation from memory versus naive CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell precursors. We report the novel finding that memory T-cells readily expressed CD25 and FOXP3, and demonstrated significantly greater suppressive function. Additionally, the CD25(-)FOXP3(-) fraction of stimulated memory T-cells also displayed robust suppression not observed in naive counterparts or ex vivo resting (CD25(-)) T-cells. This regulatory population was present in both healthy subjects and clinically-quiescent MS patients, but was specifically deficient during disease exacerbation. These studies indicate that iTreg development and function are precursor dependent. Furthermore, MS quiescence appears to correlate with restoration of suppressive function in memory-derived CD4(+)CD25(-)FOXP3(-) iTregs.
The Study on GPS Circular Microstrip Antenna

Based on the cavity mold theory,the radiation principle of circular microstrip antenna was introduced.The realization mechanism of circular polarization was given.Within the wave band of GPS,the simple-point feeding circular polarization microstrip antennas was designed by Ansoft HFSS;The voltage standing-wave ratio and the directional diagram were measured,and analysis on the measurement result was conducted.
Theory Analysis on the Thermodynamic Imbalance of Central Heating System

The hydraulic imbalance features are analyzed in this paper,the radiator heating properties is discussed,and the heat transferring curves is also given.The thermodynamic imbalance phenomenon caused by hydraulic imbalance as well as caused by heating quality regulating is studied.The technical measures to control the thermodynamic imbalance are put forwarded finally.
Discussion on the Culture Methods of Sports Dancing Arts Expressive Power

This research adopt document data law,the analysis law recording a vedio to compose in reply interview law and union teaching many years practical experience,method carries out pertinency field investigation and discussion on sports dancing arts expressive power culture,the worker provides a reference to sports dance teaching.The result shows: The special item physical constitution improving the sports dancing arts expressive power cultivates method,requires that priority complies with strength quality,endurance carries out culture on quality and speed quality;The special item artistic accomplishment improving the sports dancing arts expressive power cultivates method,requires that aspect such as rhythm,music style and dance basic skill carries out culture from music;Means such as training sports dancing arts expressive power psychological quality culture but adopt a simulation to train law,the role to play law is in progress;And artificial that the factor cultivates method training sports dancing arts expressive power dancing partner requires that the teacher carries out research on combination of the dancing partner method,harmony degree being hit by the room fostering a dancing partner in teaching.
Taking Down the “Great Green Wall”: The Science and Policy Discourse of Desertification and Its Control in China

Desertification is a serious problem in China and various research studies and surveys have been conducted to address the issue. The Chinese government has launched the ambitious “Great Green Wall” tree-planting programme to control desertification. But problems abound. This chapter reviews the scientific studies of desertification in China, and highlights their many inconsistencies, connecting them with political control and policy discourses. I point out that the State Forestry Administration, the institution in charge of desertification study and control, has adopted an ineffective tree-focused approach through the “Great Green Wall” programme. Even though the programme has included the establishment of shrubs and other vegetation types in addition to tree planting, the underlying aggressive attitude toward the environment remains, rendering it difficult for the problem of desertification to be addressed fundamentally. This chapter calls for the Chinese government to abandon the dominating relationship with the environment embodied in the “Great Green Wall” programme.
A Two-Country Model of the Gold Standard

The objective of this paper is to construct and analyse a two-country short-run model of the gold standard. Wages and prices respond flexibly in both countries; gold flows in reaction to payments imbalance at the mint par exchange rate; and the authorities refrain completely from sterilising these gold movements. The model and two of its variants are similar to one introduced by Metzler in a recently published article, but the conclusions here differ from his in several respects. Moreover, this paper considers two important disturbances not discussed in the Metzler article and extends his coverage of other disturbances.
TFTR CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PROTECTION AND FOR NORMAL CONTROL OF MAGNETIC FIELD COILS

Early in 1987, the TFTR's magnetic field system will be upgraded. The planned improvements concentrate on improving the ability to inductively drive plasma currents, both by increasing the number of turns in the Ohmic Heating (OH) coil system through an external reconnection of existing coils, and by increasing the OH operating current swing. The most novel aspect of this upgrade is the new Coil Protection Calculator, which will allow operation of coils up to the maximum levels possible without exceeding coil stress limits. Other changes include increases in OH coil power supply current, voltage, and energy capabilities.
45 Heats of Chemisorption of Oxygen on Palladium and Palladium-Silver Alloys

Heats of chemisorption of oxygen have been measured on palladium black and on palladium-silver alloys, in the temperature range 500-700° K. and fraction of surface coverages, θ, 1 × 10−4 to 0.7. Heat of chemisorption data were obtained by means of measurements of reaction equilibrium of water decomposition on palladium and palladium-silver alloys. For palladium black, a value of the adsorption heat of −24 kcal./mole oxide was obtained. This value is not much different from the value corresponding to the formation of bulk palladium oxide (PdO). A large increase in the value of the heat is obtained by alloying palladium with silver. This effect sets in at relatively low silver concentration (˜1%). This result is taken as an indication that bonding orbitals, used in the alloying process, do not contribute greatly to the adsorptive bond. Furthermore, from the behavior of the adsorption equilibrium function in the range of θ values studied, it can be concluded that oxygen chemisorption on palladium black is localized and noninteracting and occurs on an apparently thermodynamically uniform surface. On the other hand, surface nonuniformity is produced by alloying palladium with even 1% of silver.
Differences in the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Comparing the Primary Care Physician and the Urologist

Abstract Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a prevalent chronic condition with expenditures exceeding $1 billion each year. Little is known about the treatment of patients by primary care physicians compared to urologists. We assessed changes in management after medication initiation in these 2 settings. Methods From the Chronic Condition Warehouse 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries linked to Medicare Part D data, we defined a cohort of men, 66 to 90 years old, with initial prescriptions for an alpha blocker and/or 5α-reductase inhibitor. We assessed the initial change in therapy for up to 4 years after medication initiation, whether adding a medication, switching medication, stopping medication or having surgery/retention. We estimated the cumulative incidence functions from competing risks data and tested equality across groups (primary care physician vs urologist). Results Overall 5,714 men started medication with a primary care physician and 1,970 did so with a urologist. The most common change in treatment after medication initiation across all groups was medication discontinuation (55% alpha blocker, 46% 5α-reductase inhibitor, 30% combination therapy cumulative incidence at 3 years). Patients who started treatment with primary care physicians were more likely to discontinue benign prostatic hyperplasia related medications than those who started treatment with urologists (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.09–1.29). The majority of patients who stopped alpha blocker therapy did not receive further benign prostatic hyperplasia therapy. Conclusions Men given combination therapy are most likely to continue medication use. Surgical therapy and retention are relatively rare events. Patients who initiate care with urologists are more likely to continue medical therapy than those who initiate care with primary care providers.
Alternative technological development for RF hybridization

The paper presents a technological solution for high frequency packaging platform evaluated up to 40 GHz. The main purpose of this development was to define an alternative hybrid technology that is more flexible and faster to prototype compared with thin film or multi chip module (MCM-D). The alternative technology also shows adequate performance for high bit rate solutions integrating optical and electronics blocks. This approach consists of a soft substrate (laminate material), plating processes (electroless Ni?P/Au, electrolytic Au) and lithography patterning. Ground coplanar waveguide was used for microwave structures with excellent ground planes connections due to easy via holes implementation. We present results of high frequency packaging of important RF blocks, such as integrated broadband bias-T, transimpedance amplifier ICs and silicon photonics optical modulators. The paper demonstrates a solution for high frequency hybridization that can be implemented with standard substrates, designed with any shape and with large numbers of metalized via holes and compatible with usual assembling techniques.
Age and Method of Release Affect Migratory Performance of Hatchery Steelhead

AbstractHatchery programs that are designed to aid recovery of natural populations of anadromous salmonids, including steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, require locally derived, natural-origin broodstock. In such programs, achieving smoltification size thresholds may require extending hatchery rearing beyond age 1. We compared out-migration survival and travel rates of 142,990 PIT-tagged steelhead smolts released at age 1 (S1 rearing strategy) or age 2 (S2 rearing strategy) over five release years at Winthrop National Fish Hatchery (WNFH, Okanogan County, Washington). An S2 rearing cycle produced larger smolts with more uniform size distributions, resulting in higher survival during the first portion of their out-migration than for S1 smolts in three of the five release years. The S2 smolts migrated more rapidly to the ocean than S1 smolts in all years except 2011 and arrived in the Columbia River estuary 5.4 d earlier on average than the S1 smolts. The S1 steelhead that did not leave during the volitional re...
The Effect of Two Attending Surgeons on Patients With Large-Curve Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Posterior Spinal Fusion.

Abstract Study Design Retrospective, chart review. Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of using two surgeons for posterior spinal fusion (PSF) in patients with AIS with large-magnitude curves (greater than 70°). Summary of Background Data Previous studies have shown that intraoperative risk factors can be reduced by having two surgeons operate simultaneously. Methods A retrospective chart review identified 47 patients between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014, who underwent a posterior spinal fusion (PSF) with AIS with large-magnitude curves (greater than 70°). Patients with large-magnitude curves due to neuromuscular diseases or any defined pathology other than idiopathic scoliosis were excluded, as well as patients with kyphotic or kyphoscoliotic curves. Results There was no statistical difference between the total operative time, anesthesia time, estimated blood loss (EBL), %EBL, and blood transfusion units. Total operative time for the two-surgeon group and single-surgeon group was 212.11 and 238.07 minutes, respectively (p = .078). The two-surgeon group averaged 0.26 blood transfusion units versus 0.39 units for the single-surgeon group (p = .50). Average hospital length of stay was decreased in the two-surgeon group (5.16 vs. 6.82 days, p = .002). Conclusions The use of two surgeons for PSF for AIS has previously been shown to decrease operative time and blood loss, factors that are correlated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of both neurologic and nonneurologic complications. However, in this study, the technique of having two experienced orthopedic spine surgeons work simultaneously to perform pedicle screw–only posterior spinal fusion on large-magnitude AIS curves greater than 70° did not improve blood loss or operative time. Further study needs to continue to identify ways to minimize complications for patients who undergo spinal fusion. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective, comparative study.
BSR As a Function of Anxiety, Stress and Sex

The present study attempted to find the relationship between IPAT Anxiety Scale scores, sex of the subject, and BSR during stress and non-stress situations. 60 college students scoring in the upper 15%, middle 15%, and lower 15%, on the IPAT Anxiety Scale were tested during adaptation, shock induced stress and final rest conditions. The results showed no relationship between IPAT Anxiety Scale scores and BSR. There was a significant difference in Bsr during experimental conditions, and females had a significantly higher BSR than did males. It was concluded that stress induces an anxiety response that is measurable by BSR, but that the BSR measure is unrelated to IPAT Anxiety Scale scores. Although there was a sex difference, it cannot be determined if it was the result of anxiety or a general sex difference in skin resistance.
Constructing Data Service Platform

The data service platform is the backbone of any IoT ecosystem. This is where all the data converges, and we start making sense out of it. Building a data service platform is not about just standing up a BigData processing instance (e.g., Hadoop ecosystem) or migrating all your data into a cloud environment; it is more about building the comprehensive platform for all your data needs and actions. This also includes security, access control, analytics, data lifecycle management and contextualization. Data service platform sometimes contains appropriate traditional technologies as well. In the last three chapters, we have discussed how device information is registered and delivered to cloud service. In this chapter, we will describe tools and technologies for storage, indexing, processing, and retrieval of connected data including telemetry data, metadata about connected devices and others that may generate during a product lifecycle. We will discuss the following topics in this chapter:
Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects: A Historical Perspective

As one of the few remaining old residents of the University of Minnesota surgical training program, I can look back and proudly extol: It almost all began here at the University of Minnesota, 50 years ago.
Abstract 3549: C-MYC sensitizes GBM with primitive features to glutamine metabolism disruption

Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most lethal of known human cancers, with a median survival of less than 15 months. The highly infiltrative nature and genetic heterogeneity of GBM renders treatment difficult. Therefore, better and more targeted therapies are needed for patients with GBM. There is a new WHO subset of GBM that contains primitive neuronal components (GBM-PNC). These tumors can arise from a histologically classic GBM, and often the GBM-PNC portions of the tumor contain C-MYC or N-MYC amplifications. High MYC expression is known to alter cellular metabolism, increasing reliance on glutamine, which may create opportunities for therapeutic intervention. We hypothesized that depriving GBM-PNC cells of glutamine using metabolic inhibitors would suppress growth and tumorigenicity. To create genetically appropriate GBM-PNC models, we derived cortex (CTX) human neural stem cells and transformed them through lentiviral expression of mutant p53, constitutively-active AKT and hTERT. Transformed neurospheres were then lentivirally transduced with either C-MYC or BMI1. These models formed aggressive tumors in mice and recapitulated the histological features of GBM with expression of NESTIN, GFAP, and MAP2. When treated with the glutamine metabolic inhibitors DON or Acivicin, transformed neurospheres that expressed C-MYC had decreased cellular proliferation (BrdU incorporation, P Citation Format: Brad Andrew Poore, Isabella Taylor, Jeffrey Rubens, Allison Hanaford, Micah Maxwell, Charles Eberhart, Eric Raabe. C-MYC sensitizes GBM with primitive features to glutamine metabolism disruption [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3549
Rapid Chemiluminescent Imaging Behind Reflected Shock Waves

Current shock tube combustion experiments generally assume that the test environment behind a reflected shock wave is quiescent and that ignition processes progress uniformly over the entire test volume. However, various past investigations, including those based on schlieren data and sidewall imaging [1, 2], have observed nonuniform ignition in certain test regimes. Here, we use both conventional diagnostics (pressure, emission, and laser absorption) and a high-speed chemiluminescent imaging system to investigate the ignition behavior of n-heptane/oxygen/argon in shock tubes at long test times (greater than 2 ms), in an attempt to map the boundary of uniform and nonuniform ignition behavior in one of our shock tubes.
Sexual Assault Disclosure by College Women at Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Predominantly White Institutions.

Due to the Title IX law, administrators at institutions of higher education (IHE) in the United States must promptly investigate reports of sexual assault. In addition, the Clery Act requires IHEs ...