cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computerized manufacturing monitoring and dispatch system

This paper presents the development and implementation of Motorola's Graphical Manufacturing Monitoring System (GraMMS) that provides real-time graphical monitoring of manufacturing data including work-in-process (WIP), equipment, throughput, and dispatch rankings. GraMMS consists of four main applications namely; Dynamic Dispatch, WIP Monitoring System (WMS), Equipment Management System (EMS), and Throughput Monitoring System (TMS). GraMMS (Pierce & Yurtsever) provides Motorola semiconductor wafer fabs with instant data-driven decision support and trend analysis as well as a short-interval scheduler via discrete-event simulation. The Dynamic Dispatch system is a combination of simulation and heuristics based on concepts from the Theory of Constraints. This competitive advantage increases output, decreases cycle time, and improves resource utilization.
FIELD PROCESSING OF TOMATOES 2. Product Quality and Composition

SUMMARY— Mechanically harvested tomatoes were macerated, heated by steam injection to several constant temperatures from 170–240°F and held in a treatment pot from 0-4.6 min at pH levels (adjusted with cont. HCI) ranging from natural down to pH 2.0. Treated macerates were neutralized to original pH with cone NaOH, put through a finisher screen and pumped through a deaerator and chiller. The optimum processing conditions based on highest consistency (efflux-pipet flow time) in seven series of samples were 212°F breaking temperature and a macerate treatment time of 3.3 min at pH 2.75. With the optimum conditions, juice solids yield from VF-145 tomatoes was 4.3% greater and consistency 90% higher than from the natural pH juice. The neutralized acid products could contain 13% less tomato solids and still have a consistency equal to that of the products extracted at natural pH. Dry waste decreased 33% and total wet waste 47%. A 1-day delay before processing caused 9.5% loss in recovered juice solids. Ascorbic acid, reflectance and lycopene data showed no trends due to acid extraction. Water soluble color increased slightly in the acid extractions.
Improved outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a trauma population.

Abstract Background The treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) secondary to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains controversial. Methods We performed a review of all blunt trauma patients diagnosed with MRSA VAP from June 2005 to June 2011. VAP for the first 3 years was diagnosed by sputum aspiration and treated with vancomycin. For the last 3 years of the study period, VAP was diagnosed with bronchoalveolar lavage and treated with linezolid. Results MRSA VAP patients treated with vancomycin had an average hospital length of stay (LOS) of 49 days (range 9–99 days), an average intensive care unit (ICU) LOS of 43 days (range 6–98 days), and average ventilator days of 34.4 (range 3–76 days). Seventeen MRSA VAP patients treated with linezolid had an average hospital LOS of 27 days (range 11–61), an average ICU LOS of 22 days (range 10–42) days, and average ventilator days of 16.6 (range 2–42). Conclusions Trauma patients who develop MRSA VAP appear to have fewer ventilator days and shorter ICU and hospital LOS when treated with linezolid.
Optimal visual sensor planning

Visual sensor networks are becoming more and more common. They have a wide-range of commercial and military applications from video surveillance to smart home and from traffic monitoring to anti-terrorism. The design of such a visual sensor network is a challenging problem due to the complexity of the environment, self and mutual occlusion of moving objects, diverse sensor properties and a myriad of performance metrics for different applications. As such, there is a need to develop a flexible sensor-planning framework that can incorporate all the aforementioned modeling details, and derive the sensor configuration that simultaneously optimizes the target performance and minimizes the cost. In this paper, we tackle this optimal sensor problem by developing a general visibility model for visual sensor networks and solving the optimization problem via Binary Integer Programming (BIP). Our proposed visibility model supports arbitrary-shaped 3D environments and incorporates realistic camera models, occupant traffic models, self occlusion and mutual occlusion. Using this visibility model, a novel BIP algorithms are proposed to find the optimal camera placement for tracking visual tags in multiple cameras. Experimental performance analysis is performed using Monte-Carlo simulations.
Tracking people with twists and exponential maps

This paper demonstrates a new visual motion estimation technique that is able to recover high degree-of-freedom articulated human body configurations in complex video sequences. We introduce the use of a novel mathematical technique, the product of exponential maps and twist motions, and its integration into a differential motion estimation. This results in solving simple linear systems, and enables us to recover robustly the kinematic degrees-of-freedom in noise and complex self occluded configurations. We demonstrate this on several image sequences of people doing articulated full body movements, and visualize the results in re-animating an artificial 3D human model. We are also able to recover and re-animate the famous movements of Eadweard Muybridge's motion studies from the last century. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first computer vision based system that is able to process such challenging footage and recover complex motions with such high accuracy.
Observation of large anomalous orientational nonlinear response in dye-doped liquid crystals at 1320 nm

IR z-scan and conoscopic measurements have been performed on dye-doped nematic liquid crystal samples to investigate the influence of the dopant on the orientational nonlinear response of the liquid crystalline material, and the result compared to undyed samples. Both the dye-doped and undyed samples were prepared utilizing a surface treatment which produces homeotropic alignment in the undyed, glass-substrate samples. For samples constructed with non-conducting substrates, the dopant only slightly strengthens the nonlinear response of the host material, and the response in all cases is less than half that observed in samples with ITO- coated substrates. Undyed samples displayed no response at normal incidence for the laser intensities used, regardless of substrate, while doped samples displayed significant self- limiting at all angles of incidence. Increasing the dopant concentration further enhances the observed responses, but the time required to achieve the initial alignment state of the nematic increases more rapidly than the response, and significant delays in response to pulsed inputs are also observed. Laser polarization strongly effects the response characteristics, as expected. Z-scan and conoscopic measurements are used to determine the origin of the unusually large response in the ITO-coated samples Initial efforts with conoscopic techniques have found no evidence of pre-tilt in the director orientation, though more sensitive measurements are in process. The presence of a large nonlinear absorption contribution due to the dopant has been observed, though why only ITO-substrate samples may be affected is still under investigation.
Siliceous islands in a carbonate sea: modern and pleistocene spring-fed wetlands in ngorongoro crater and oldupai gorge, tanzania

ABSTRACT A biogenic mechanism is proposed that produces a diagnostic geochemical signature of perennial spring-fed wetlands in arid basins, especially the saline and alkaline volcanic basins of East Africa. Respiration by vegetation and decay of organic matter within marshes in Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, locally increases aqueous [EQUATION]. The resulting lowered pH inhibits the precipitation of calcite and decreases the rate of silica dissolution. Steep geochemical gradients are produced. These are represented mineralogically by siliceous biomineralization within the perennial marsh and carbonate precipitation in surrounding ephemeral wetlands, mudflats, and lacustrine environments. As a test of this model of geochemical sedimentation, the mineralogy of the early Pleistocene Siliceous Earthy Claystone of Oldupai Gorge is consistent with its interpretation as a paleo-spring wetland deposit. Because such deposits are expressions of the paleo-water table, this approach has potential applications in many studies of basin paleohydrology, paleoclimatology, paleoecology, and archaeology.
Competition between for-Profit and Nonprofit Health Care Providers: Can it Help Achieve Social Goals?:

This article outlines a theory of competition between for-profit and nonprofit health care providers. The theory demonstrates conditions under which nonprofits can help achieve social goals and explores how the nondistribution constraint imposed on nonprofits regulates the competitive process. It is shown that competition from nonprofits can create a positive spillover effect on the performance of the for-profit sector. The theoretical arguments, which focus on patients who are poorly informed about quality, are then extended to the hospital sector where there are a variety of social goods including charity care, education, and community health programs. These ideas serve as the basis for a literature review on hospital ownership, competition, and the provision of social goods and a critique of empirical research on the relative performance of for-profit and nonprofit providers. The article concludes with implications for policy toward nonprofit organizations in service industries and a discussion of how ...
A statistical method for global optimization

An algorithm for finding global optima using statistical prediction is presented. Assuming a random function model, lower confidence bounds on predicted values are used for sequential selection of evaluation points and as a convergence criterion. Comparison with published results for several test functions indicates that the procedure is very efficient in finding the global optimum of a multimodal function, and in terminating with relatively few evaluations. >
Transabdominal Nissen Fundoplication

Transabdominal Nissen fundoplication provides a 360° wrap around the distal esophagus. It has been supplanted by laparoscopic techniques, and is primarily used now when the laparoscopic approach is not feasible. This chapter describes the technique, pitfalls, and complications associated with this procedure.
Closed Fredholm and semi-Fredholm operators, essential spectra and perturbations

Abstract In these notes we provide rather extensive characterizations of closed densely defined Fredholm and semi-Fredholm operators on a Banach space, and their perturbation classes. We make use of the notions of measure of noncompactness, special norm equalities, and certain “pseudo” Banach algebra concepts as they pertain to closed operators. Classes of perturbations of closed Fredholm and semi-Fredholm operators are effectively identified, respectively, with classes of perturbations of the Wolf, Schechter, and Gustafson-Weidman essential spectra for closed operators. A by-product of this identification is a generalization of the celebrated Weyl theorem which characterizes the essential spectrum of a compact self-adjoint operator on a Hilbert space. We obtain spectral mapping theorems for some particular Wolf and Schechter essential spectra.
Courseware needs for technological literacy

Against a background of existing courseware-texts, syllabi, and some media materials, the author surveys several needs and speculative possibilities for new teaching materials and approaches for technological literacy courses. The qualifications include the need for good teaching teams, including interdisciplinary teams, with 'good' defined in terms of the ability to meet nonengineering students' special needs. Future possibilities surveyed include more and better case studies, some of them in film or video format, distance teaching (e.g., with an interactive TV approach), and educational packages. >
The influence of gender on complications of carotid endarterectomy.

Purpose: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) effectively reduces stroke risk in properly selected patients. Subgroup analysis of the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Study trial noted increased complications in women. Additional studies implicate female gender as a risk factor for perioperative stroke, leading some clinicians to modify the indications for CEA in women. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of gender on the risk of perioperative complications in patients undergoing CEA. Methods: The records of all patients who underwent CEA at a university medical center from January 1995 to December 1999 were reviewed. Patient demographics, procedure related risk factors, operative details, and specific complications were entered into a database for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 324 consecutive patients underwent CEA during the study period. There were 199 men (61%) and 125 women (39%). Among the men and women, there were no differences in age, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, family history, renal insufficiency, or symptomatic versus asymptomatic indications for CEA. More women than men received a carotid patch (90.4% versus 77.9%, P 0.003). One woman died (0.8%) and no men died for a total combined 30-day mortality of 0.31% (P not significant). Men and women did not differ in rates of stroke (1.5% versus 2.4%) or perioperative myocardial infarction (1.0% versus 0.8%). In addition, there was no difference when stroke and death rates were combined (2% versus 3.2%). The length of stay (2.2 versus 2.6 days) was also not different.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of group 1 metal complexes containing nitrogen-rich hydrotris(tetrazolyl)borate ligands.

Nitrogen-rich hydrotris(tetrazolyl)borate salts of lithium, sodium, and potassium have been prepared for the first time by thermolysis of the borohydride ion with three equivalents of tetrazoles in ether solvents at 160-162 °C. Despite the high nitrogen contents, these complexes have low sensitivity to impact, electrostatic discharge, and friction.
Hospital Based Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Child Physical Abuse in United States: Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality

Objectives To describe nationally representative outcomes of physical abuse injuries in children necessitating Emergency Department (ED) visits in United States. The impact of various injuries on mortality is examined. We hypothesize that physical abuse resulting in intracranial injuries are associated with worse outcome. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), the largest all payer hospital based ED database, for the years 2008–2010. All ED visits and subsequent hospitalizations with a diagnosis of “Child physical abuse” (Battered baby or child syndrome) due to various injuries were identified using ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification) codes. In addition, we also examined the prevalence of sexual abuse in this cohort. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between mortality and types of injuries after adjusting for a multitude of patient and hospital level factors. Results Of the 16897 ED visits that were attributed to child physical abuse, 5182 (30.7%) required hospitalization. Hospitalized children were younger than those released treated and released from the ED (1.9 years vs. 6.4 years). Male or female partner of the child’s parent/guardian accounted for >45% of perpetrators. Common injuries in hospitalized children include- any fractures (63.5%), intracranial injuries (32.3%) and crushing/internal injuries (9.1%). Death occurred in 246 patients (13 in ED and 233 following hospitalization). Amongst the 16897 ED visits, 1.3% also had sexual abuse. Multivariable analyses revealed each 1 year increase in age was associated with a lower odds of mortality (OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81–0.96, p<0.0001). Females (OR = 2.39, 1.07–5.34, p = 0.03), those with intracranial injuries (OR = 65.24, 27.57–154.41, p<0.0001), or crushing/internal injury (OR = 4.98, 2.24–11.07, p<0.0001) had higher odds of mortality compared to their male counterparts. Conclusions In this large cohort of physically abused children, younger age, females and intracranial or crushing/internal injuries were independent predictors of mortality. Identification of high risk cohorts in the ED may enable strengthening of existing screening programs and optimization of outcomes.
Semantic Interoperability in the Securities Industry: Context Interchange Mediation of Semantic Differences in Enumerated Data Types (WEBH)

Using securities industry examples, the context interchange mediation knowledge architecture is applied to interoperability problems for enumerated data types, such as codes and other symbols used to represent conceptual distinctions. Ongoing efforts in the securities industry to develop new XML-based standards for information interchange are examined. Using components representing similar securities information, drawn from different but complementary securities standards and sources, example problems of information interoperability are examined. We show that transforming data representation into an autonomously specified context model and thence into a general domain ontology allows successful interoperability in several ways depending on how each context is explained to the mediator.
Intracavity CdTe modulators for CO 2 lasers

The use of cadmium telluride as an electrooptic material for intracavity modulation of CO 2 lasers is described. Included are the predicted and measured effects of CdTe intracavity modulators on laser performance. Coupling and frequency modulation are discussed and experimental results compared with theoretically predicted performance for both techniques. Limitations on the frequency response of the two types of modulation are determined.
Does peripheral inflammation contribute to Alzheimer disease?: Evidence from animal models

There is long-standing interest in the association between inflammation and Alzheimer disease (AD), driven by overwhelming evidence that brain inflammation (e.g., neuroinflammation) is a prominent feature of AD pathology, that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may lower AD risk, and that some inflammatory gene loci are linked to AD.1 Yet the mechanisms by which inflammation contributes to disease pathogenesis are complex and how inflammation might be manipulated for therapeutic benefit remains elusive. One key is to recognize that inflammation may have different roles depending on whether it arises within the brain or from processes occurring in the periphery.
Review of recent reports on process technology for thermochemical conversion of whole algae to liquid fuels

This review considers the recent developments in which there has been a tremendous expansion of the research and development focused on process development for the thermochemical processing of whole algae for the production of fuels. There are several key elements to this expanded interest in thermochemical processing: 1) the processing is applied to whole algae, not just lipid extracts, and as a result higher product yields have been demonstrated; 2) the feedstock composition is not so critical to the process, so that a wider range of algae growth scenarios has been considered; and 3) the envisioned products are actual hydrocarbon fuels, which are infrastructure compatible. Based on these three elements one can envision a more widely expanded utilization with more flexible growth options and more direct market applications of products. Algae can be processed by dry pyrolysis or in water slurry by hydrothermal liquefaction. In either case, the liquid oil product can be hydroprocessed to liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Recovery and recycle of nutrients is possible through treatment of the aqueous byproduct to promote sustainable production of the algae feedstock. In all cases the cost of the algae feedstock is the primary uncertainty in the economic analysis of such processing.
HapticPrint: Designing Feel Aesthetics for Digital Fabrication

Digital fabrication has enabled massive creativity in hobbyist communities and professional product design. These emerging technologies excel at realizing an arbitrary shape or form; however these objects are often rigid and lack the feel desired by designers. We aim to enable physical haptic design in passive 3D printed objects. This paper identifies two core areas for extending physical design into digital fabrication: designing the external and internal haptic characteristics of an object. We present HapticPrint as a pair of design tools to easily modify the feel of a 3D model. Our external tool maps textures and UI elements onto arbitrary shapes, and our internal tool modifies the internal geometry of models for novel compliance and weight characteristics. We demonstrate the value of HapticPrint with a range of applications that expand the aesthetics of feel, usability, and interactivity in 3D artifacts.
DNA Electron Injection Interlayers for Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes

Introduction of a DNA interlayer adjacent to an Al cathode in a polymer light-emitting diode leads to lower turn-on voltages, higher luminance efficiencies, and characteristics comparable to those observed using a Ba electrode. The DNA serves to improve electron injection and also functions as a hole-blocking layer. The temporal characteristics of the devices are consistent with an interfacial dipole layer adjacent to the electrode being responsible for the reduction of the electron injection barrier.
Redefining the Status of the Librarian in Higher Education

Progress in the study of the role, function, and status of the academic librarian requires system-level analysis. Drawing on the field of higher education, this article seeks to avoid individual blame controversy through focusing on membership norms for the academic system and its librarian subsystem. Changes in the librarian subsystem are being advocated by influential higher-education theorists. Unless librarians secure peer status through adherence to core academic standards, the emerging era of electronic information will see a diminution in the librarian's influence over library affairs.
Reducing errors through discharge medication reconciliation by pharmacy services

Objective Adverse drug events are an important cause of admissions to hospitals. Discrepancies in admission and discharge medications can contribute significantly to these adverse events. Patients are at risk of discrepancies in medications any time they experience a transition of care. Medication discrepancies occur more commonly when patients are discharged. Prevention of errors by undergoing medication reconciliation with review by a pharmacist can help avoid medication discrepancy-related errors. The objective of this study was to determine whether integration of pharmacist review in the process of medication reconciliation at discharge identifies and corrects discrepancies. Methods In the study population of internal medicine patients cared for by hospitalist physicians, we prospectively collected data from medication lists via chart review and patient interview and identified, using a pharmacist, any medication discrepancies. We then counted the number of discrepancies for each patient and categorized them by severity of potential adverse effect to the patient. Results There were 63 medication discrepancies in 104 included patients found by pharmacist’s review and 41% (43) of patients had at least one medication discrepancy. Patients with 8 or more discharge medications were found to be at an increased risk of discrepancy (OR 8.5, p <0.001, 95% CI 2.8,25.5). Most discrepancies were considered minimal risk, 44.4% (28/63), or moderate risk, 49.2% (20/63) for adverse effect. Conclusion About 2 out of 5 patients on the hospitalist service studied have discrepancies in their medications at discharge that can be identified and corrected by pharmacist intervention. Inclusion of pharmacists could improve the process by correcting these discrepancies to help avoid preventable adverse drug events.
Physiology of the invasive apple snail Pomacea maculata: tolerance to low temperatures.

ABSTRACT Apple snails of the genus Pomacea native to South America have invaded and become established in Europe, Asia, and the United States. Both the channeled apple snail Pomacea canaliculata and the island apple snail Pomacea maculata have been reported in theUnited States. The two species are difficult to distinguish usingmorphological characters, leading to uncertainty about the identity of the animals from populations in the United States. Because the snails are subtropical, their tolerance of low temperatures is a critical factor in limiting the spread of the animals from present localities along the coast of the Gulf ofMexico to more northern areas. The tolerance of P. maculata collected in Louisiana to temperatures as low as 0°C was examined. There was no mortality among animals maintained in water at temperatures of 20°C or 15°C for 10 days. Survival of animals during a 10-day exposure towater at temperatures 10°C and 5°C was 50%. The LD50 for a 10-day exposure was 7°C. Snails did not survivemo...
Ecologies of Collective Parent Engagement in Urban Education

For the past several decades, the construct of parent involvement (PI) has framed much of the literature on school–family–community partnerships. In this study, the authors used a qualitative form of meta-analysis called thematic synthesis to explore a programmatic alternative to conventional PI known as collective parent engagement (CPE). The CPE approach examined in this study was implemented in three low-income, urban school communities. The primary goal was to help low-income parents develop programs and services that could support the strengths, needs, and challenges of children and families at school and in the community. The findings indicated that, when implemented as an isolated or “stand-alone” service strategy, CPE generally does not influence school outcomes. But when tied to a broader system of reform efforts, CPE can help transform the social-institutional landscape of low-income, urban school communities.
Surveillance Tools Emerging From Search Engines and Social Media Data for Determining Eye Disease Patterns.

Importance Internet-based search engine and social media data may provide a novel complementary source for better understanding the epidemiologic factors of infectious eye diseases, which could better inform eye health care and disease prevention. Objective To assess whether data from internet-based social media and search engines are associated with objective clinic-based diagnoses of conjunctivitis. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from encounters of 4143 patients diagnosed with conjunctivitis from June 3, 2012, to April 26, 2014, at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Medical Center, were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation of each weekly observation to compare demographics and seasonality of nonallergic conjunctivitis with allergic conjunctivitis. Data for patient encounters with diagnoses for glaucoma and influenza were also obtained for the same period and compared with conjunctivitis. Temporal patterns of Twitter and Google web search data, geolocated to the United States and associated with these clinical diagnoses, were compared with the clinical encounters. The a priori hypothesis was that weekly internet-based searches and social media posts about conjunctivitis may reflect the true weekly clinical occurrence of conjunctivitis. Main Outcomes and Measures Weekly total clinical diagnoses at UCSF of nonallergic conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, glaucoma, and influenza were compared using Spearman rank correlation with equivalent weekly data on Tweets related to disease or disease-related keyword searches obtained from Google Trends. Results Seasonality of clinical diagnoses of nonallergic conjunctivitis among the 4143 patients (2364 females [57.1%] and 1776 males [42.9%]) with 5816 conjunctivitis encounters at UCSF correlated strongly with results of Google searches in the United States for the term pink eye (ρ, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.52 to 0.78]; P pink eye (ρ, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.16 to 0.56]; P P P = .06) or with results of Google searches in the United States for the term eye allergy (ρ, 0.13 [95% CI, −0.06 to 0.32]; P = .19). Seasonality of clinical diagnoses of allergic conjunctivitis at UCSF correlated strongly with results of Google searches in the United States for the term eye allergy (ρ, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.60]; P eye drops (ρ, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.27 to 0.62]; P Conclusions and Relevance Internet-based search engine and social media data may reflect the occurrence of clinically diagnosed conjunctivitis, suggesting that these data sources can be leveraged to better understand the epidemiologic factors of conjunctivitis.
Chapter II.12 – Visceral Surgery

Publisher Summary This chapter outlines the history of the origins of visceral transplantation surgery (liver, intestine, and pancreas). Much progress has been made in the field of transplantation, but with an ever-increasing problem of organ donor shortage, tissue engineering may become one possible solution in many. In the combined efforts to tissue engineer various organs and tissues, it is critical that one understands normal anatomy and physiology, and the abnormal or diseased state that requires tissue replacement. The issues of cell isolation, survival, and growth, as well as vascularization and innvervation combined with the optimal polymer scaffold, make the field both challenging and interesting.
Priapism as a Complication of Sickle Cell Disease

We reviewed all available reported cases and added our experience with 11 cases, as well as our data on its prevalence among the pediatric clinic patients seen at the Sickle Cell Center of Southern Louisiana
Reactions to Illness: Convalescence and Grieving

There are as many ways of recovering from illness as there are ways of becoming aware of illness and experiencing disease. Though the specific mechanisms, pathways, and ways in which these influences are brought to bear are yet to be delineated, clinical observations show that psychological factors can facilitate or inhibit the time of onset, the recognition of changes brought on by the disease, the asking for help, compliance, and the final outcome.
Urban as Paradise: Understanding the Urban/Rural Divide

“Leaving the rural area is really important for girls,” insisted Chanquan. Over the course of several hours of interviews with me, Chanquan elaborated on her efforts to get to the city and to find a way to stay there permanently. As a single woman, she saw one after another route to her goal close down. As a poor villager, she was unable to access an educational route out. She had not been hired into a job that might give her an urban hukou. And she was about ready to marry a man who also had a rural hukou. At some points in her conversations, she was frustrated and sad about her failures along the way, and at other points, showed herself to be absolutely committed to achieving her goal of urban residence. She spoke with passion and resolve.
Practical glycopeptide analgesics: Blood-brain barrier transport and binding of glycosylated enkephalin analogs

Robin Polt, Richard D. Egleton, Edward J. Bilsky, Scott A. Mitchell, Caroline T. Kriss, Matt R. Pratt, Peg Davis, Heather Jones, Frank Porrecca, Henry I. Yamamura, and Victor J. Hruby Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, U.S.A.; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, U.S.A.; and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, CO 80639, U.S.A.
Comparison of Enzyme Activities in Vascular Samples from Male and Female Subjects

This chapter presents a comparison of enzyme activities in vascular samples from male and female subjects. With regard to factors involved in enzyme synthesis and repression, the influence of hormones requires special consideration; recent evidence indicates that in the synthetic process, an interaction takes place between hormones and cellular ribonucleic acids. In the section of transferase enzymes, the aortic samples from women showed moderately higher hexosamine synthetase and lower purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities. There was also a remarkable tendency toward increase in activity for the carboxylic esterases. The sexual enzymic activity differences were usually much smaller in the pulmonary artery than in the aorta, but similar to the aorta, statistically higher arylsulfatase C activities were found in pulmonary artery samples from female subjects.
Cropping Pattern, Intensity and Diversity in Dhaka Region

Sustainable crop production in Bangladesh through improvement of cropping intensity and crop diversity in rice based cropping system is regarded as increasingly important in national issues. Planning of agricultural development largely depends on the authentic, reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to our policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 46 upazilas of Dhaka agricultural region in 2015 using pretested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity in the region. From the present study, it was observed that about 48.27% net cropped area (NCA) is covered by exclusive rice cropping systems whereas deep water rice occupied about 16.57% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow−T. Aman alone occupied about 22.59% of net cropped area (NCA) with its distribution over 32 upazilas out of 46. The second largest area was covered by single Boro cropping pattern, which was spread over 44 upazilas. Total number of cropping patterns was observed 164. The highest number of cropping pattern was identified 35 in Tangail sadar and Dhamrai upazila of Dhaka district and the lowest was seven in Bandar of Narayanganj and Palash of Narsingdi district. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported as 0.70 in Dhamrai followed by 0.72 in Monohardi of Narsingdi. The highest value of CDI was observed as 0.97 in Tangail sadar followed by 0.95 in Dhamrai of Dhaka and Bhuanpur of Tangail. The range of cropping intensity value was recorded 124-239%. The maximum CDI was observed in Saturia upazila of Manikganj district and minimum in Sreenagar upazila of Munsiganj district. The CDI value for Dhaka region was calculated 0.94 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 191%. Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 123-141
Protease-Activatable Adeno-Associated Virus Vector for Gene Delivery to Damaged Heart Tissue.

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as a promising gene delivery vector because of its non-pathogenicity, simple structure and genome, and low immunogenicity compared to other viruses. However, its adoption as a safe and effective delivery vector for certain diseases relies on altering its tropism to deliver transgenes to desired cell populations. To this end, we have developed a protease-activatable AAV vector, named provector, that responds to elevated extracellular protease activity commonly found in diseased tissue microenvironments. The AAV9-based provector is initially inactive, but then it can be switched on by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9. Cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction reveal that the provector capsid is structurally similar to that of AAV9, with a flexible peptide insertion at the top of the 3-fold protrusions. In an in vivo model of myocardial infarction (MI), the provector is able to deliver transgenes site specifically to high-MMP-activity regions of the damaged heart, with concomitant decreased delivery to many off-target organs, including the liver. The AAV provector may be useful in the future for enhanced delivery of transgenes to sites of cardiac damage.
Microwave-assisted heterocyclic synthesis

Recent applications of microwave technology in well-known cyclization reactions for heterocyclic ring formation and in other important reactions such as nucleophilic substitution, hetero-Diels−Alder reactions, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition etc. have been discussed. A comparison with the conventional methods demonstrates the advantages of microwaves in synthetic heterocyclic chemistry.
Evaluating Didactic and Exemplar Information: Noninvasive Brain Stimulation Reveals Message-Processing Mechanisms:

People in their everyday lives encounter claims about various health, political, and economic issues. These claims are often supported by evidence based on didactic or exemplar information. In the ...
Felt: A Simple Story Sifter

Story sifting, also known as story recognition, has been identified as one of the major design challenges currently facing interactive emergent narrative. However, despite continued interest in emergent narrative approaches, there has been relatively little work in the area of story sifting to date, leaving it unclear how a story sifting system might best be implemented and what challenges are likely to be encountered in the course of implementing such a system. In this paper, we present Felt, a simple query language-based story sifter and rules-based simulation engine that aims to serve as a first step toward answering these questions. We describe Felt’s architecture, discuss several design case studies of interactive emergent narrative experiences that make use of Felt, reflect on what we have learned from working with Felt so far, and suggest directions for future work in the story sifting domain.
Prolonged nonobstructive urinary retention induced by tibial nerve stimulation in cats.

Nonobstructive urinary retention (NOUR) is a medical condition without an effective drug treatment, but few basic science studies have focused on this condition. In α-chloralose-anesthetized cats, the bladder was cannulated via the dome and infused with saline to induce voiding that could occur without urethral outlet obstruction. A nerve cuff electrode was implanted for tibial nerve stimulation (TNS). The threshold (T) intensity for TNS to induce toe twitch was determined initially. Repeated (6 times) application of 30-min TNS (5 Hz, 0.2 ms, 4-6T) significantly (P 2 h after the end of repeated TNS. However, lower frequency TNS (1 Hz, 0.2 ms, 4T) applied during voiding partially reversed the NOUR by significantly (P < 0.05) increasing voiding efficiency to 60% and reducing residual volume to 70% of control bladder capacity without changing bladder capacity. These results revealed that tibial nerve afferent input can activate either an excitatory or an inhibitory central nervous system mechanism depending on afferent firing frequencies (1 vs. 5 Hz). This study established the first NOUR animal model that will be useful for basic science research aimed at developing new treatments for NOUR.
Forgetting and Forgiving in an Age of Total Recall

This chapter examines how Borges’s story “Funes the Memorious” [“Funes el memorioso”] and the Black Mirror episode “The Entire History of You” complicate our ordinary understanding of memory as a kind of mental process. Borges and Brooker suggest that models of computational memory that are modeled on data processing devices need to be supplemented with an understanding of memory that is grounded in both the lived body and the social collectivities to which we belong. In the latter case, we come to see that the boundless, infallible memories that the protagonist enjoys are nonetheless perversely faithless in their own way. They turn out to require an element of sociality in order to become meaningful and not mere exercises in the mechanical conversion of experiential data into fungible information. In similar fashion, Borges’s “Funes the Memorious” suggests that even infallible, computer-like memories may require an element of collective, social negotiation in order for them to become meaningful. In both cases, embodied memory provides a virtual supplement to more traditional notions of recall. The mediatic forms through which those memories are disclosed have something to teach us about the nature of the social ties that bind us together.
The economics of Puritanism’s treatment of bewitchment: exorcism as a potential market-pull innovation?

A long history of research on the witchcraft hysteria in Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1692 contends that a group of Puritan ministers, including Salem Village’s Samuel Parris, developed and used the witchcraft hysteria in order to boost religiosity and church attendance in an effort to augment corporate and personal wealth. In carrying out this effort, these ministers pitted churched colonists against unchurched colonists, resulting in the wrongful convictions of 20 American colonials. This study argues that it might have ended without the executions of the colonists, and perhaps in even greater corporate wealth for the Puritan church, had Puritanism been receptive to the potential market-pull innovation represented by exorcism. Scrutiny of this proposition through the lens of rational choice theory suggests, however, that exorcism was inferior to executions as a technology choice for the congregant-maximizing Puritan ministers in Salem Village in 1692.
A consistent Great Lakes ice cover digital data set for winters 1973-2019.

Ice formation and loss in the Laurentian Great Lakes has a strong impact on regional climate, weather, economy and ecology in North America. To record the ice changes during the winter season, Great Lakes ice cover data has been collected and maintained since 1973 by Canadian Ice Service, U.S. National Ice Center, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. Throughout this long history, technology has improved and the needs of users have evolved, so Great Lakes ice cover datasets have been upgraded several times in both spatial and temporal resolutions. In order to make those long-term data consistent and accessible, we reprocessed the Great Lakes ice cover database to generate daily gridded data (1.8 km resolution) using a re-project method with Nearest Neighbor Search for spatial interpolation, and linear interpolation with categorization for temporal interpolation. This report elucidates data history, generation procedures, and file structure in order to improve access and usability of Great Lakes ice cover data. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12505388
Abstract A28: Rapamycin-upregulated miR-29b promotes mTORC1-hyperactivative cell growth by downregulating retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ)

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an incurable multisystem disease associated with hamartomatous tumors of brain, heart, skin, kidney and lung. The TSC proteins (TSC1 and TSC2) inhibit the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), an exquisitely sensitive molecular sensor that regulates cell growth, cell metabolism and autophagy. mTORC1 is hyperactive in many malignancies, including TSC. Treatment of TSC-associated tumors with mTOR inhibitors leads to partial responses, with prompt regrowth upon treatment cessation, highlighting the unmet clinical need for cytocidal therapies. We previously discovered that miR-29b expression is strongly upregulated following rapamycin treatment. However, the functional significance and therapeutic impact of miR-29b induction by rapamycin in the therapy of TSC is unknown. We found that miR-29b expression is induced by rapamycin in vitro in 4 different TSC2-deficient cells and in vivo TSC-2 deficient tumors. Inhibition of miR-29b significantly decreased anchorage-independent cell growth by 40% (p Citation Format: Heng-Jia Liu, Hilaire C. Lam, Christian V. Baglini, Alex K. Conttrill, Stephen Y. Chan, Elizabeth P. Henske. Rapamycin-upregulated miR-29b promotes mTORC1-hyperactivative cell growth by downregulating retinoic acid receptor β (RARβ) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting PI3K/mTOR Signaling; 2018 Nov 30-Dec 8; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(10_Suppl):Abstract nr A28.
The costs of free: commoditization, bundling and concentration

Digital markets offer abundant free content but exhibit extreme concentration among content aggregation intermediaries. These characteristics are linked. Weak copyright environments select against stand-alone content-delivery structures and select for bundled aggregation structures in which free content for users promotes positively priced advertising and data-collection services for firms. Dominant intermediaries promote commoditization, and the reallocation of market rents from content producers to content aggregators, through litigation and free content distribution that weaken copyright protections. The potential net welfare effects raise concern. Network effects, compounded by weak inventory constraints, scale economies, and learning effects, promote winner-takes-all outcomes in the intermediary services market while weak copyright may generate output distortions in the content production market.
Opportunities for eTextbook innovations and partnerships: A case study of the Marriott Library at the University of Utah

<!-- named anchor --> Establishing business relationships with entities that can naturally and consistently refer others to your content, such as libraries and e‐book distributors, can further your reach and boost resiliency in times of crisis Many Utah professors were not aware of library‐licensing options for e‐books, but adoption of eBooks because of impacts from the COVID‐19 pandemic is likely to continue in the future Partnerships between academic librarians, campus bookstores, tutors, and even the Registrar are crucial to delivering agile responses to teaching needs A worryingly low number of teaching resources are available in digital form – and these are likely to be side‐lined where digital access becomes a requirement There are higher expectations around access and navigation of e‐books than printed versions, with frustration when they cannot be easily used Students appreciate lower costs and ease of access but are neither aware nor concerned about the different licensing agreements underpinning their access to materials.
Global dynamics of international migration systems across South–South, North–North, and North–South flows, 1990–2015

Evidence from 184 countries over the span of 25 years is gathered and analyzed to understand North–North, South–South, and North–South international migration flows. Conceptually, the analysis borrows from network theory and Migration Systems Theory (MST) to develop a model to characterize the structure and evolution of international migration flows. Methodologically, the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model of network dynamics is used to jointly model the three types of flows under analysis. Results show that endogenous network effects at the monadic, dyadic, and triadic levels of analysis are relevant to understand the emergence and evolution of migration flows. The findings also show that a core set of non-network covariates, suggested by MST as key drivers of migration flows, does not always explain migration dynamics in the systems under analysis in a consistent fashion; thus, suggesting the existence of important levels of heterogeneity inherent to these three types of flows. Finally, evidence related to the role of political instability and countries’ care deficits is also discussed as part of the analysis. Overall, the results highlight the importance of analyzing flows across the globe beyond typically studied migratory corridors (e.g., North–South flows) or regions (e.g., Europe).