cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bakhtin Attends the Theater: Kama Ginkas's Chekhov Trilogy

In the late nineties and early 2000s, Kama Ginkas, one of the most celebrated theater directors working in Russia today, staged three Chekhov stories: “Lady with the Lapdog,” “The Black Monk,” and “Rothschild's Fiddle. The actors give voice to virtually every word of the literary texts, even in the form of spoken stage remarks such as “he said” and “she said.” While the shows are performed independently, Ginkas views them as a trilogy which he has titled Life is Beautiful. According to Ginkas, the central narrative thrust of all three shows, and of Chekhov's work in general, is man's desire and failure to live life fully. He highlights the Chekhovian tension between the beauty of life and the tragedy of how it is lived. Drawing on Bakhtinian concepts, this article examines how Ginkas's trilogy reveals but does not resolve this terribly beautiful nature of life. By placing Chekhov's narration into the mouths of his actors, Ginkas actualizes the character zones found in Chekhov's authorial prose. This does not result in a flattening of the voices, as Bakhtin had feared; instead, Ginkas actively dialogizes the voices through the use of interruptions, repetitions and incongruities between word and action. Ginkas further activates Chekhov's language by inserting excerpts from an early Chekhov feuilleton, folk songs, and opera into the performances. Through this reaccentuation of the prosaic text and the heteroglossic interpolation of additional texts, Ginkas repeatedly and unexpectedly shifts between the tragic and the comic, the terrible and the beautiful, highlighting the unfinalizability of his performed prose.
Anesthesia for Tracheal Reconstruction in Infants with Generalized Hypoplasia by Using Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator

先天性気管狭窄症は,狭窄の部位と範囲によって術中の呼吸管理にも種々の方法が選択されている.特に狭窄が声門下から気管分岐部まで広範囲にわたると気道確保,換気方法が非常に困難になる.このような広範囲気管狭窄症の気管形成術に際し,術中新生児用膜型肺(extracorporeal membrane oxygenator ; ECMO)を呼吸補助手段として用いて安全に管理しえた症例2例を経験した.上行大動脈に送血管,右心房に脱血管を挿入し,流量は約55ml/kg/min, ECMO時間は85∼120分間であった.ECMO中PaO2 100∼400mmHg, PaCO2 30∼45mmHgで循環動態も終始安定していた.
A Generic Synopsis of the Nearctic Cecidomyiidi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae)

A key is presented to the 64 Nearctic genera of the supertribe Cecidomyiidi (Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) and a diagnosis is made for each genus. The 384 included species are listed under their respective genera. Sixteen new genera and 6 new species are described: ANCYLODIPLOSIS, APAGODIPLOSIS, APHODIPLOSIS, BLAESODIPLOSIS, CARTODIPLOSIS, CORDYLODIPLOSIS, C. molliterga, GLENODIPLOSIS, G. callipus, GONGROD1PLOSIS, OLPOD1PLOSIS, P1LODIPLOSIS, PITYDIPLOSIS, PLATYDIPL0S1S, P. nigricauda, PLECTRODIPLOSIS, P. fascipennis, TANAODIPLOSIS, THAUMADIPLOSIS, T. magnicauda, TROPIDIPLOSIS, and T. pectinata. Many new combinations and new synonyms are established. An index to the genera and species is included.
Screening of differential expression of expressed sequence tags(ESTs) in adult Schistosoma japonicum treated with praziquantel

Objective To establish subtracted cDNA libraries using the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique based on the livers of New Zealand white rabbits infected with Schistosoma japonicum before and after praziquantel treatment, providing the basis for screening the drug-response molecular target during the therapy. Methods New Zealand white rabbits infected with S. japonicum were assigned to two groups to receive praziquantel medication or blank, respectively. The SSH technique was conducted to build the forward and reverse subtracted cDNA libraries using the PCR-Select cDNA Subtraction kit. The differentially expressed ESTs were screened and positive clones were isolated from the libraries for bioinformatic analysis.Results Thirty-nine positive clones were isolated from two subtracted cDNA libraries, including 22 from the forward library and 17 from the reverse library. The analysis revealed that the ESTs were mainly responsible for coding enzymes and proteins associated with protein synthesis and degradation. Conclusion The subtracted cDNA libraries before and after praziquantel treatment for S. japonicum were successfully constructed, laying a solid foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms of this medication therapy.
Induced Arterial Hypertension in the Treatment of High ICP

Although hyperventilation is the best known means of reducing ICP by cerebral vasoconstriction, there are alternative ways to effect vasoconstriction. The effect of mannitol is in part due to vasoconstriction, be it secondary to blood viscosity changes (Muizelaar et al. 1984, Muizelaar et al. 1983) or to blood pressure increase (Rosner and Coley 1986/87). Moreover, Rosner has shown that increasing cerebral perfusion pressure by lowering the head can lead to vasoconstriction with ensuing decrease in ICP (Rosner and Coley 1986). We had shown that increasing blood pressure in patients with intact autoregulation can lead to a decrease in ICP (Muizelaar et al. 1984). In three patients, in whom we had observed ICP to decrease with higher blood pressure during tests of autoregulation, arterial hypertension was induced to treat otherwise uncontrollable ICP.
Adenosine-N6-diethylthioether-N1-pyridoximine 5'-phosphate. A novel marker for human cancer detection

The Schiff base conjugate of vitamin B6 with adenosine-N6-diethylthioether was originally reported as unknown compound B6X and considered to function as a storage form for vitamin B6 utilization by tumor cells (1). This novel compound is present in tumor cells in culture, the blood of normal and tumor-bearing animals, and the circulation of healthy individuals and patients with various ailments including malignancies (2-6). However, its levels in the blood of cancer patients is significantly much greater -a desirable feature for cancer detection. Using HPLC pair-ion, reverse phase chromatography blood samples from patients with various malignancies and ailments were screened on a blind basis for the novel compound following its extraction at pH 4.2 (1,4,5,6). The results show that the level of the vitamin B6 metabolite in the blood of cancer patients is up to 4x or higher than levels seen in the blood of normal volunteers, patients in remission or patients with other diseases. In addition, patients receiving treatment had lower levels than before treatment. Normal volunteers, cancer patients prior to treatment, cancer patients on therapy, cancer patients at remission and patients with other ailments had levels of 162.2 ; 610.7 ; 494.9 ; 216.5 and 179.3 (SEM range ± 18.76-46.60), respectively. A comparison of the control, remission and other ailments groups with the cancer patient groups shows them to be significantly different (P<0.00001) and strongly supports the use of the novel vitamin B6 conjugate metabolite for detection of human cancers.
Biomass Energy Production in California 2002: Update of the California Biomass Database

An updated version of the California Biomass Energy Database, which summarizes California's biomass energy industry using data from 2000 and 2001.
The effect of copper addition to diets with various iron levels on the performance and hematology of weanling swine.

A 2 x 6 factorial experiment with Cu added at 5 or 250 ppm and Fe added at 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, or 300 ppm was conducted using 480 crossbred weanling pigs with an average initial weight of 7.0 kg. The basal corn-soybean meal-whey diet contained 4 ppm Cu, 169 ppm Fe, and 199 ppm Zn. Pigs were allotted by weight, sex, and litter outcome group and had ad libitum access to feed and water during the 28-d trials. Animals were weighed and pen feed intake was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on d 1, 14, and 28 of the experiment. The addition of 250 ppm Cu increased ADG (P less than .001) and average daily feed intake (ADFI, P less than .01) during the 28-d trials. The addition of Fe had no effect on ADG and ADFI (P greater than .10). A Cu x Fe interaction (P less than .01) was observed for feed/gain. Increasing Fe levels linearly improved hematocrit status (P less than .05) on d 28 of the trial. A Cu x Fe interaction (P less than .08) was observed for hemoglobin at the end of the trial; hemoglobin levels were increased by the addition of Fe to the diet containing 250 ppm of Cu. Plasma Cu was increased (P less than .001) by the addition of 250 ppm of Cu. Plasma Fe was low when either 50 or 100 ppm of Fe was added in the presence of 250 ppm of Cu, but it was not affected at other levels, resulting in a Cu x Fe interaction (P less than .05). These data indicate that levels of added Fe up to 300 ppm may help to improve the hematological status of weanling pigs fed growth-promoting levels of Cu but that it has little effect on performance.
The Distribution of Distributed Cognition: Multiple Interpretations and Uses

We argue that greater precision is needed in the use of the term distributed cognition if this perspective is to significantly impact educational research. We describe a continuum of interpretations of distributed cognition ranging from a conceptualization of cognition as an individual phenomenon that is influenced by factors external to the individual, to a conceptualization of cognition as a social phenomenon that cannot be reduced to individual psychological constructs. We discuss the issues raised by the papers in the current volume, and locate the perspectives taken in these papers along the distributed cognition continuum. The relationship between distributed cognition and situated cognition is then examined, as these terms are often used interchangeably. Finally, we discuss key issues for further research in distributed cognition.
Etiology and treatment of hematological neoplasms: Stochastic mathematical models

Leukemias are driven by stemlike cancer cells (SLCC), whose initiation, growth, response to treatment, and posttreatment behavior are often “stochastic”, i.e., differ substantially even among very similar patients for reasons not observable with present techniques. We review the probabilistic mathematical methods used to analyze stochastics and give two specific examples. The first example concerns a treatment protocol, e.g., for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where intermittent cytotoxic drug dosing (e.g., once each weekday) is used with intent to cure. We argue mathematically that, if independent SLCC are growing stochastically during prolonged treatment, then, other things being equal, front-loading doses are more effective for tumor eradication than back loading. We also argue that the interacting SLCC dynamics during treatment is often best modeled by considering SLCC in microenvironmental niches, with SLCC–SLCC interactions occurring only among SLCC within the same niche, and we present a stochastic dynamics formalism, involving “Poissonization,” applicable in such situations. Interactions at a distance due to partial control of total cell numbers are also considered. The second half of this chapter concerns chromosomal aberrations, lesions known to cause some leukemias. A specific example is the induction of a Philadelphia chromosome by ionizing radiation, subsequent development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), CML treatment, and treatment outcome. This time evolution involves a coordinated sequence of > 10 steps, each stochastic in its own way, at the subatomic, molecular, macromolecular, cellular, tissue, and population scales, with corresponding time scales ranging from picoseconds to decades. We discuss models of these steps and progress in integrating models across scales.
Does an Abstract Weld Pool Visualization Help Novice Welders Assess the Performance of a Weldbot

The domain of welding recently has seen the introduction of numerous potential aids to the practitioners who monitor welding robots (“welbots”) or perform welds themselves. One such aid is the visual augmentation or visualization of particular weld pool parameters. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential effects of a simple, geometric weld pool visualization on the ability of novice welders to relate what they witnessed in welding videos to the completed welds on physically-present pipes (a situation awareness outcome). In addition to participants’ accuracies on the situation awareness measure, perceived usability and subjective workload were also assessed. There was no reliable benefit for the augmented condition compared to the raw, unedited video condition. The results may indicate a task specificity for the type of augmentation utilized or possible limitations of the current rendering methods.
Visual acuity and self-reported visual function among migrant farmworkers

Purpose: Visual impairment presents significant risks for occupational injuries among farmworkers, a vulnerable population with limited access to vision care. Although previous research has noted farmworkers’ low lifetime experience with vision screening and high rates of complaints of eye ailments and poor vision, there have been few screening data collected to evaluate these self-reports. The objectives of this analysis are to (1) describe farmworker visual health using standardized visual acuity screening data and self-reported visual function, and (2) to compare the screening and self-report data. Methods: Data are from a cross-sectional study of eye health among Latino migrant farmworkers in North Carolina with uncorrected vision (n = 289). Workers were recruited using methods to achieve a representative sample of a hard-to-reach population. Visual acuity data were collected using Snellen Tumbling E charts for nearsightedness and farsightedness. Binocular data are reported here. Interviews were conducted to obtain personal characteristics and self-assessed visual function. Results: About 75% of farmworkers reported never having had a vision screening. Based on binocular screening, 1.7% (distance vision) and 6.9% (near vision) had moderate to severe visual impairment (>20/40). Farmworkers self-reported poorer visual function, compared with screening results; only 36.4% reported good or very good vision. Sensitivity of distance and near vision self-reports were 60 and 20%, respectively, but specificity was high. Conclusions: This study confirms past reports of little vision screening among farmworkers. Visual impairment for distance is comparable to other studies of Latinos in the US, though these studies have not reported near vision. Self-reports of vision problems are not a sensitive measure of visual acuity among farmworkers. Screening is needed to identify visual impairment that can create occupational safety risks in this health disparate population.
Perioperative Outcomes of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Surgical Repair in a Nationally Validated Database

We evaluated the occurrence of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and 30-day postoperative outcomes. Patients undergoing cervical/first rib resection surgery were identified in the American College of ...
Gas-liquid chromatographic differentiation between Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum.

Salmonella gallinarom and Salmonella pullorom have been considered as one serovar, S. gallinarom-pullorom or S. gallinarom . This serovar possesses group D somatic antigens with no flagellar antigen. Reportedly S. gallinarom differs from S. pullorom in dulcitol fermentation. This reaction is positive, but delayed up to 5 d for S. gallinarom and negative for S. pullorom . Gas-liquid chromatography of organic acid by-products from a dulcitol medium was performed on 10 isolates of each biovar. Viable plate counts confirmed approximately the same number of organisms per ml of culture. Results of pH determinations supported gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of more acid formation in all S. gallinarom cultures as compared with the S. pullorom cultures after incubation for 24 h. A quantitative measurement of succinic acid resulted in confirmation of the differences in metabolic function of both biovars. The additional test procedure of gas-liquid chromatography of organic acid by-products aids the clinician or researcher in rapidly and accurately distinguishing these two similar biovars.
Pathways to a Northeast Asian Energy Regime

Gaye Christoffersen notes that, though the opportunity for multilateral Northeast Asian energy cooperation has existed for years, nothing substantial has been achieved. Christoffersen reviews past cooperation proposals that all foundered on distributional conflicts. Nevertheless, these failed efforts developed a dormant network of experts and consultation mechanisms that could coalesce into a multilateral “regime complex” in the right circumstances. A successful “mini-lateral” joint project could do this and grow into a broader regional mechanism.
Cross-cultural supervision in international settings: experiences of foreign supervisors and native supervisees in Cambodia

With the global expansion of family therapy, it is vital to engage in culturally responsive methods of training and supervision. This is especially critical when international training involves Western-based therapy models and supervision from non-native supervisors. This study explores how native Cambodian therapists experience clinical supervision conducted by non-native supervisors. In this responsive evaluation, data were triangulated across multiple stakeholders (N = 95) and collection methods, including focus groups, interviews, and live supervision observations. Emergent themes highlight the need for intentionally culturally responsive supervision and included challenges with non-native supervisors, unresponsive methods of learning and power imbalances. Therapists emphasized that they were less likely to attend supervision and felt discouraged when it was not culturally responsive. Data-driven suggestions for increasing cultural responsiveness in supervision are provided. Practitioner points Supervisors can challenge personal cultural assumptions and deepen contextual understanding by seeking local cultural knowledge Supervision contracts created with input from stakeholders can attend to likely cultural differences The supervisory relationship can be supported through open discussion and negotiation of cultural differences In cultures with high regard for those in authority, supervisors can use a strengths-based approach to feedback and demonstration
De-Semitizing Ibn ʿArabī: Aryanism and the Schuonian Discourse of Religious Authenticity

Commonly taken to be based upon the metaphysics of the Andalusian Sufi Ibn ʿArabī (d. 1240), Frithjof Schuon’s Perennialist doctrine of “the transcendent unity of religions” posits a timeless truth underlying all so-called orthodox religious forms. Yet this article argues that rather than a transhistorical message of inclusive unity, Schuon’s Perennialism is a hegemonic discourse of authenticity built upon presuppositions founded within what Leon Poliakov famously dubbed the nineteenth-century “Aryan myth.” The extent to which Schuon decouples Ibn ʿArabī from so-called Semitic subjectivism, thus finding in him a primordial Aryan objectivity, is the extent to which Schuon claims him to be an enlightened representative of Islam and authentic purveyor of the religio perennis .
Rectification in langmuir-blodgett monolayers of organic d-D-σ-A molecules

Amphiphilic molecules of the type D-σ-A (D = one-electron organic donor, s = saturated linking bridge, A = good organic one-electron acceptor, such as TCNQ) have been prepared which form Pockels-Langmuir monolayers at the air-water interface, and which can be transferred as Langmuir-Blodgett films onto solid substrates. MNDO calculations for some of these molecules are presented. Fourier transform infrared spectra of multilayers and monolayers by grazing-angle reflectance are also given. Crude rectification experiments of sandwiches Al I D-σ-A I Al gave only the ohmic conduction characteristic of the Al substrate, presumably because of defects.A very recent experiment experiment by scanning tunneling microscopy revealed that a single molecule of bis-(n-dodecyl)-aminophenylcarbamate of 2-bromo-5-hydroxyethoxyTCNQ (BDDAP-C-BHTCNQ) transferred as part of a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer onto a Au I Agl mica surface does rectify electrical current; later results cast doubt on this interpretation.
Spin Labeling in Disease

The electron spin resonance (ESR) technique of spin labeling introduced by McConnell and co-workers (Stone et al., 1965) has been instrumental in providing molecular information about the conformation of proteins (for reviews see Morrisett, 1976; Berliner, 1978; Williams-Smith and Wyard, 1975), the structure and function of membranes [for reviews see Berliner, 1976; 1979 (and references therein); Keith et al., 1973; Smith, 1979; 1971; Ohnishi, 1976; Gaffney and McNamee, 1974; Azzi and Montecucco, 1977; Gaffney and Chen, 1977], nucleic acids (for a review see Bobst, 1979), and other biological systems (for reviews see Berliner, 1976; 1979; Swartz et al., 1972). Spin labels are stable, paramagnetic molecules that are covalently attached to or in a physical relationship with biological macromolecules or systems. In principle any stable paramagnetic species (e.g., Mn+2, Co+2, etc.) could be a spin label. In practice, spin labels are generally of the nitroxide type, the chemistry of which has been recently reviewed (Gaffney, 1976; Keana, 1978; 1979). The usefulness of nitroxide spin-labeling methods derives from the extreme sensitivity of ESR, the fact that opaque samples (like membranes) can be used, the molecular information about the local environment near the paramagnetic center of the spin probe that can be obtained, the relative simplicity of the resulting ESR spectra that must be analyzed, the nondestructiveness of the method, and the fact that generally, except for the spin label, the system is diamagnetic. Several general reviews of spin-labeling methods are available (McConnell and McFarland, 1970; Smith, 1972; Jost and Griffith, 1978).
An analysis of the cause and magnitude of foreign trade zone‐induced biases in US import statistics

Comparisons of matched US COMTRADE and World Trade Organization IDB statistics reveal numerous instances where the WTO data on dutiable imports exceed both the corresponding UN general import statistics and the reported exports of partner countries by very large margins over extended periods. In cases, the dutiable import statistics report major trade in products for which the partners do not record any corresponding exports (to anyone). Empirical tests indicate these biases result from special (and very unorthodox) invoicing practices for shipments into US foreign trade zones. The paper concludes these problems have the potential to seriously misdirect analytical trade studies which must utilise import statistics for their empirical base.
TWO APPLICATIONS OF PERMUTATION TESTS IN BIOSTASTICS

We show two examples of how we answer biological questions by converting them into statistical hypothesis testing problems. We consider gene abundance data, and apply permutation tests. Though these tests are simple, they allow us to test biologically relevant hypotheses. Here we present the analysis of data rising from two studies on Type 1 Diabetes. In the first study [3] are interested in comparing the gut bacterial biodiversity in children at risk and not at risk of developing diabetes. In the second study, [4] compare the gut bacterial biodiversity of children in six different sites in USA and Europe. The statistical analyses presented here are parts of the "statistical methods" in two papers mentioned above. Here we offer a detailed explanation of the "Statistical Methods" addressed to readers with a statistics background.
Pediatric trauma transfusion and cognitive aids.

Purpose of review Trauma is the most common cause of pediatric mortality. Much of the research that led to life-saving interventions in adults, however, has not been replicated in the pediatric population. Children have important physiologic and anatomic differences from adults, which impact hemostasis and transfusion. Hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in trauma, and children have important differences in their coagulation profiles. Transfusion strategies, including the massive transfusion protocol and use of antifibrinolytics, are still controversial. In addition to the blood that is lost from the injury itself, trauma leads to inflammation and to a dysfunction in hemostasis, causing coagulopathy. Recent findings In one study in which children suffered from mainly blast and penetrating injuries in a combat setting (PEDTRAX trial), the early administration of tranexamic acid was associated with decreased mortality. Some authors suggest that this result may not apply to blunt trauma, which is much more common in children in noncombat settings. Using thromboelastography to guide the administration of recombinant Factor VIIa has been done in selected cases and may represent a future avenue of research. Summary This article explores new research from the past year in pediatric trauma, starting with the physiologic differences in pediatric red blood cells and coagulation profiles. We also looked at the dramatic change in thinking over the past decade in the tolerable level of anemia in critically ill pediatric patients, as well as scales for determining the need for massive transfusion and exploring if the concepts of damage control resuscitation apply to children. Other strategies, such as avoiding hypothermia, and the selective administration of antifibriniolytics, are important in pediatric trauma as well. Future research that is pediatric focused is needed for the optimal care of our youngest patients.
Models for Early Identification of Struggling Novice Programmers

There is much interest in predicting student performance in computer programming courses early in the semester to identify weak students who might benefit from targeted support. To this end, we analyzed detailed keystroke transcripts and outputs of compilation attempts during programming activities, both in and out of class. In linear regression models predicting grades, we identified multiple behavioral indicators and performance indicators that explained a significant portion of the variation in final grades using only the data collected within the first three weeks. Because the indicators identify specific behaviors and are generated automatically, they may be used as the basis for interventions instructors may use when counseling weaker students concerning their performance early in the course before they fall too far behind. Furthermore, in contrast with some other automated struggling-student detection models, our predictors are based on generic behaviors and generic performance metrics that can be extended to a wide range of introductory programming contexts. Our models also predict performance on a continuous scale rather than a binary "weak"/"not weak" classification, which would allow instructors to offer interventions to marginal students who want to improve, or to promising students who want to excel.
Modeling Pediatric Body Mass Index and Neighborhood Environment at Different Spatial Scales

In public health research, it has been well established that geographic location plays an important role in influencing health outcomes. In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on the impact of neighborhood or contextual factors as potential risk factors for childhood obesity. Some neighborhood factors relevant to childhood obesity include access to food sources, access to recreational facilities, neighborhood safety, and socioeconomic status (SES) variables. It is common for neighborhood or area-level variables to be available at multiple spatial scales (SS) or geographic units, such as the census block group and census tract, and selection of the spatial scale for area-level variables can be considered as a model selection problem. In this paper, we model the variation in body mass index (BMI) in a study of pediatric patients of the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, while considering the selection of spatial scale for a set of neighborhood-level variables available at multiple spatial scales using four recently proposed spatial scale selection algorithms: SS forward stepwise regression, SS incremental forward stagewise regression, SS least angle regression (LARS), and SS lasso. For pediatric BMI, we found evidence of significant positive associations with visit age and black race at the individual level, percent Hispanic white at the census block group level, percent Hispanic black at the census tract level, and percent vacant housing at the census tract level. We also found significant negative associations with population density at the census tract level, median household income at the census tract level, percent renter at the census tract level, and exercise equipment expenditures at the census block group level. The SS algorithms selected covariates at different spatial scales, producing better goodness-of-fit in comparison to traditional models, where all area-level covariates were modeled at the same scale. These findings underscore the importance of considering spatial scale when performing model selection.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Crohn’s Disease in Adults

Crohn's disease is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology with genetic, immunologic, and environmental influences. The incidence of Crohn's disease has steadily increased over the past several decades. The diagnosis and treatment of patients with Crohn's disease has evolved since th
The Individualization of Mass Customization: Exploring the Value of Individual Thinking Style Through Consumer Neuroscience

Neuromarketing is looked upon by some with suspicion, others with enthusiasm: it is seen either as a dastardly way of getting inside our heads to make us buy what we do not need or a potentially better means to glean more accurate consumer insights to guide design and production of goods, services, and experiences leading to commercial success. Can brain science reveal the nature of individual thinking style to help the consumer collaborate so effectively with the mass customization (MC) provider such that she really gets exactly what she wants or needs? Could deeper knowledge by the consumer of her own neural processes empower her to assist the MC provider in elevating her perception of value of the customer experience? If an individual’s thinking style is innately unique and situation or context specific, then studying the individual‘s perception of the consumer experience via exploration of factors related to her inimitable cognitive processing could help individuals gain, and practitioners and scholars provide, further insights into enhancing the relational value of MC. This paper is an initial exploration of how consumer neuroscience might be useful to the consumer and firm to further individualize and enrich the consumer’s perception of value of the mass customization experience.
Interviewing and Memory

This paper examines information processing problems associated with decisions made during medical history interviewing, and links these decisions to the use of questionnaires with fixed-choice responses. In a medical history interview the physician’s summary statement does not reveal the reasoning employed in posing questions and deciding that appropriate answers have been obtained. The use of self-contained stimulus questions with fixed response choices in sample surveys poses a similar problem. In survey research we need to clarify the reasoning attributed to the respondent, and the researcher’s decision-making, in arriving at acceptable questions, answers and relationships among stipulated variables. These two strategies for obtaining information do not deal adequately with the emergent conditions of interview settings. The emergent conditions include spontaneous variations in the language used, several levels of semantic information processing, shifting definitions of the problem and a problematic use of stimulus questions. These conditions, seen as natural to all interviewing, will be addressed in this paper.
Case Study: The Implementation of Total Quality Management at the Charleston VA Medical Center's Dental Service

Total Quality Management (TQM) is an evolving management philosophy which has recently been introduced to the health care industry. TQM requires the use of a continuous process improvement methodology for delivered services. It was implemented at Charleston VAMC's Dental Service as a study to determine its effectiveness at the grassroots level. A modified Quality Circle was established within the clinical service under the guidance of Dr. Edward Deming's 14 principles. Top management support was not present. Many lessons were learned as process improvements were made. The overall success was limited due to the inability to address interdepartment process problems.
Econometric Models and Spatial Parametric Instability: Relevant Concepts and an Instability Index

This chapter is concerned with the measurement of parametric instability in general, and spatial parametric instability in particular. Let us begin by placing into focus some pertinent concepts and issues.
Role of automated external defibrillators in acute heart failure patients

A lethal complication associated with acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to a sudden ventricular arrhythmia, either ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) deteriorating into VF (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). However, the unique morbidity of AHFS makes management more of a challenge. One potential intervention that should be considered is evolving technology for automated external defibrillation, the main focus of this chapter.
The American Infrastructure Heritage: A Depreciating Gift

America’s entire collection of infrastructure assets has been refashioned and rebuilt several times over throughout American history. Entire networks of canals, trails, railroad routes, and highways have been discarded in favor of new modes of transport or new commercial practices. There is no reason to expect that this won’t continue in the future. A more accurate description of this task would be “infrastructure refreshment” since every generation since 1789 has faced the challenging task of incremental improvement in existing networks. “Construction” is a poor word to describe the many functions associated with designing, building, operating, repairing, and financing an infrastructure portfolio.
Al-Jurjāni, Abd Al-Qāhir (10th Century a.d.)

Al-Jurjāni is abu Bakr abdu al-qāhir bin abdu al-rahmān bin Muhammad Al-Jurjāni. Born in Al-Jurjān, in Persia (400?–471H/1007–1078 a.d.), he was a man of broad erudition and his writing extended to language, linguistics, eloquence, Qurānic studies, and metrics. Among his many books, the book al-umal ‘The sentences’ is a grammatical treatise that takes the theory of āmil ‘operator’ as the basis of desinence and exemplifies its operations in al-afāl ‘operators of actions/verbs’, awāmil al-huruwf ‘operators of particles’, and awāmil al-asmā ‘operators of names/nouns’.
Recurrent Neural Networks

“Democracy is the recurrent suspicion that more than half the people are right more than half the time.”—The New Yorker, July 3, 1944.
Unleashing the Power of Soft Logic for Convolutional Neural Network Acceleration via Product Quantization

To reduce the load of taxing CNN infrastructures, both industry and academia show great interest in building specialized hardware for CNN acceleration. Numerous FPGA-based accelerators have been proposed to better utilize hard blocks. However, the capability of soft logic has not been fully explored. Prior works either fail to utilize soft logic for computation or inefficiently use soft logic to mimic the function of hard blocks. In this work, to better utilize soft logic we propose to use the native function of soft logic, i.e. as distributed memory, which yields more than 20x throughput compared to implementing multiplication operations. To fully leverage this potential, we present a framework to more efficiently accelerate CNN-based inference. Firstly, we employ product quantization (PQ) to convert most of the multiplications to a reduced number of distributed memory accesses and additions. We then constructed an analytical model to reveal the complex relationship between the inference accuracy and the utilization of hard blocks and soft blocks. Based on the model, we select optimal PQ parameters for a balanced design. In the rest of this paper, we describe the complete system implementation and discuss the experimental results. According to our results on Xilinx VU9P FPGA, we can achieve a 140 Tops equivalent throughput and 475 Gops/W energy efficiency with less than 0.5% accuracy degradation.
Predicting radiation dosimetric distribution in different regions of the jaw in patients receiving radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil

Background Radiotherapy (RT), the main treatment for patients with head and neck cancer, can lead to dental complications. Methods We identified 244 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil treated with RT from 2004 to 2013. For each patient, we contoured the 10 tooth-bearing regions and calculated the radiation dose (gray, Gy) to each region. From this data set, we built two predictive models to determine the expected maximum radiation dose, one for the non-molar regions and another for the molar regions. Results For the non-molars, the final model included location, T-classification, and overall stage, with a median absolute prediction error of 7.0 Gy. For the molars, the final model included location, T-classification, overall stage, and treatment year, with a median absolute error of 6.0 Gy. Conclusions Our current model offers a good estimation of the maximum radiation dose delivered to different regions of the jaw; future work will independently validate these models.
Wave Physics Informed Dictionary Learning In One Dimension

Detecting and locating damage information from waves reflected off damage is a common practice in non-destructive structural health monitoring systems. Yet, the transmitted ultrasonic guided waves are affected by the physical and material properties of the structure and are often complicated to model mathematically. This calls for data-driven approaches to model the behaviour of waves, where patterns in wave data due to damage can be learned and distinguished from non-damage data. Recent works have used a popular dictionary learning algorithm, K-SVD, to learn an overcomplete dictionary for waves propagating in a metal plate. However, the domain knowledge is not utilized. This may lead to fruitless results in the case where there are strong patterns in the data that are not of interest to the domain. In this work, instead of treating the K-SVD algorithm as a black box, we create a novel modification by enforcing domain knowledge. In particular, we look at how regularizing the K-SVD algorithm with the one-dimensional wave equation affects the dictionary learned in the simple case of vibrating string. By adding additional non-wave patterns (noise) to the data, we demonstrate that the “wave-informed K-SVD” does not learn patterns which do not obey the wave equation hence learning patterns from data and not the noise.
Variation in bacterial ATP concentration during rapid changes in extracellular pH and implications for the activity of attached bacteria.

Abstract In this study we investigated the relationship between a rapid change in extracellular pH and the alteration of bacterial ATP concentration. This relationship is a key component of a hypothesis indicating that bacterial bioenergetics – the creation of ATP from ADP via a proton gradient across the cytoplasmic membrane – can be altered by the physiochemical charge-regulation effect, which results in a pH shift at the bacteria's surface upon adhesion to another surface. The bacterial ATP concentration was measured during a rapid change in extracellular pH from a baseline pH of 7.2 to pH values between 3.5 and 10.5. Experiments were conducted with four neutrophilic bacterial strains, including the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A change in bulk pH produced an immediate response in bacterial ATP, demonstrating a direct link between changes in extracellular pH and cellular bioenergetics. In general, the shifts in ATP were similar across the four bacterial strains, with results following an exponential relationship between the extracellular pH and cellular ATP concentration. One exception occurred with S. epidermidis, where there was no variation in cellular ATP at acidic pH values, and this finding is consistent with this species’ ability to thrive under acidic conditions. These results provide insight into obtaining a desired bioenergetic response in bacteria through (i) the application of chemical treatments to vary the local pH and (ii) the selection and design of surfaces resulting in local pH modification of attached bacteria via the charge-regulation effect.
From OC Spectrum to Anxiety Disorders

Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs) consist of a cluster of impairing psychological conditions including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), hoarding disorder, hair-pulling disorder (i.e., trichotillomania), skin-picking disorder (i.e., excoriation), and other specified and unspecified OCRDs (American Psychological Association, 2013). Across OCRDs and anxiety disorders, there is considerable overlap in symptomatology, theorized mechanisms, and evidence-based treatment approaches. However, there is significant heterogeneity in the presentation and functional relationships between symptoms across OCRDs, as well as important nuances to consider in the assessment, diagnosis, conceptualization, and treatment of OCRDs and anxiety disorders. As such, the present chapter provides an overview of (1) the diagnostic criteria and cognitive-behavioral conceptualization of OCRDs, (2) considerations for functional assessment and differential diagnosis among OCRDs and anxiety disorders, and (3) a discussion of empirically supported interventions and relevant treatment considerations for these conditions.
Marx on Commodity and Capital Fetishism

That particular objects become fetishized and seep into each domain of everyday life—economic, religious, cultural, social-sexual, and political—is a reality Karl Marx brought to light through his intuition that the fetish-object was capable of intricate substitutions. Here, we take a look at Marx’s transposition of fetishes to understand how they retain an ambivalent structure, capable of both positive and negative valences. What subsequently develops within modern discourses is an attempt to discern how the fetish can be internally divided against itself. Along with Georg Lukacs and Alphonso Lingis, we realize too how the fetishistic nature of our selves is a space allowing for the creation of new forms that permit us to move past our “competences” and into new realms of boundary-crossing forces.
Maternal Liver Metabolic Response to Chronic Vitamin D Deficiency Is Determined by Mouse Strain Genetic Background.

Background Liver metabolite concentrations have the potential to be key biomarkers of systemic metabolic dysfunction and overall health. However, for most conditions we do not know the extent to which genetic differences regulate susceptibility to metabolic responses. This limits our ability to detect and diagnose effects in heterogeneous populations. Objectives Here, we investigated the extent to which naturally occurring genetic differences regulate maternal liver metabolic response to vitamin D deficiency (VDD), particularly during perinatal periods when such changes can adversely affect maternal and fetal health. Methods We used a panel of 8 inbred Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse strains, each with a different genetic background (72 dams, 3-6/treatment group, per strain). We identified robust maternal liver metabolic responses to vitamin D depletion before and during gestation and lactation using a vitamin-D-deficient (VDD; 0 IU vitamin D3/kg) or -sufficient diet (1000 IU vitamin D3/kg). We then identified VDD-induced metabolite changes influenced by strain genetic background. Results We detected a significant VDD effect by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (Q2 = 0.266, pQ2 = 0.002): primarily, altered concentrations of 78 metabolites involved in lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolism (variable importance to projection score ≥1.5). Metabolites in unsaturated fatty acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways were significantly enriched [False Discovery Rate (FDR) Conclusions These novel findings demonstrate that maternal VDD induces different liver metabolic effects in different genetic backgrounds. Strains with differing susceptibility and metabolic response to VDD represent unique tools to identify causal susceptibility factors and further elucidate the role of VDD-induced metabolic changes in maternal and/or fetal health for ultimately translating findings to human populations.
Genetic structure across urban and agricultural landscapes reveals evidence of resource specialization and philopatry in the Eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica L.

Human activity continues to impact global ecosystems, often by altering the habitat suitability, persistence, and movement of native species. It is thus critical to examine the population genetic structure of key ecosystemservice providers across human-altered landscapes to provide insight into the forces that limit wildlife persistence and movement across multiple spatial scales. While some studies have documented declines of bee pollinators as a result of human-mediated habitat alteration, others suggest that some bee species may benefit from altered land use due to increased food or nesting resource availability; however, detailed population and dispersal studies have been lacking. We investigated the population genetic structure of the Eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica, across 14 sites spanning more than 450 km, including dense urban areas and intensive agricultural habitat. X. virginica is a large bee which constructs nests in natural and human-associated wooden substrates, and is hypothesized to disperse broadly across urbanizing areas. Using 10 microsatellite loci, we detected significant genetic isolation by geographic distance and significant isolation by land use, where urban and cultivated landscapes were most conducive to gene flow. This is one of the first population genetic analyses to provide evidence of enhanced insect dispersal in human-altered areas as compared to semi-natural landscapes. We found moderate levels of regional-scale population structure across the study system (G'ST = 0.146) and substantial co-ancestry between the sampling regions, where co-ancestry patterns align with major human transportation corridors, suggesting that human-mediated movement may be influencing regional dispersal processes. Additionally, we found a signature of strong site-level philopatry where our analyses revealed significant levels of high genetic relatedness at very fine scales (<1 km), surprising given X. virginica's large body size. These results provide unique genetic evidence that insects can simultaneously exhibit substantial regional dispersal as well as high local nesting fidelity in landscapes dominated by human activity.
Array-Level Programming of 3-Bit per Cell Resistive Memory and Its Application for Deep Neural Network Inference

The requirement of multilevel cell (MLC) resistive random access memory (RRAM) for computing is different than that for MLC storage. It generally requires a linearly spaced conductance median and an ultratight conductance distribution, as the column current are summed up for analog computation. In this article, 3-bit per cell RRAM that is suitable for accurate inference of a deep neural network (DNN) is demonstrated, with ultratight conductance distribution ( $5.3 \times $ and $4.4 \times $ , respectively, compared to the 3-bit per cell RRAM used as MLC storage.