cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal organization of the human major histocompatibility complex class I gene family

17 HLA class I genes have been isolated from the genome of B-lymphoblastoid cell line 721. Sequence analysis and transfection studies indicate that three genes, in addition to those encoding the HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens can direct the synthesis of a class I alpha protein (4, 5, 21). Using gene-specific DNA probes to analyze the presence of restriction fragment-length polymorphisms within a large pedigree and in panel of HLA deletion mutant cell lines, we show here that two of these genes, designated HLA-G and HLA-F, are located on the short arm of chromosome 6 telomeric to the HLA-A locus. The third expressed non-A, -B, and -C class I gene, HLA-E, is located between HLA-A and HLA-C (4). In addition, the remaining 11 class I pseudogenes and gene fragments are localized relative to established markers on chromosome 6p.
Measuring Caenorhabditis elegans Life Span on Solid Media

Aging is a degenerative process characterized by a progressive deterioration of cellular components and organelles resulting in mortality. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has emerged as a principal model used to study the biology of aging. Because virtually every biological subsystem undergoes functional decline with increasing age, life span is the primary endpoint of interest when considering total rate of aging. In nematodes, life span is typically defined as the number of days an animal remains responsive to external stimuli. Nematodes can be propagated either in liquid media or on solid media in plates, and techniques have been developed for measuring life span under both conditions. Here we present a generalized protocol for measuring life span of nematodes maintained on solid nematode growth media and fed a diet of UV-killed bacteria. These procedures can easily be adapted to assay life span under various common conditions, including a diet consisting of live bacteria, dietary restriction, and RNA interference.
Generator-coordinate methods in nuclear physics

Abstract Generator-coordinate methods make use of variational parameters in microsopic or many-body wave functions to describe collective degrees of freedom. The use of these methods in symmetry restoration, nuclear rotational and vibrational states is described. Numerical applications in various nuclear structure problems are briefly reviewed. The structure of the integral wave equation appearing in the method is briefly discussed. Applications of these methods to study nuclear reactions are reported. These methods permit microscopic descriptions of collective nuclear properties, especially in low-energy situations requiring the use of antisymmetrized wave functions.
Do free or low-cost antibiotic promotions alter prescription filling habits?

Objective: Because free sample of prescription medications have been shown to influence prescribing habits of physicians, we sought to discern if promotional efforts of a retail pharmacy influenced prescriptions filled in our county after a free antibiotic program was initiated. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prescription antibiotics filled throughout the county was performed. Prescriptions filled during the first 6 months of the year before the program was initiated were compared to prescriptions filled during the first 6 months of the year immediately following initiation of the promotion. Results: A total of 436,372 antibiotic prescriptions were dispensed during that time. The number of antibiotics filled that were included in the promotion increased by 13.4% while the number of antibiotics filled that were excluded from the promotion decreased by 20.4%. Conclusion: These data suggest that the promotional pricing of the antibiotics had a significant impact on the number of prescriptions filled in each category. Because a prescription written does not always equate to a prescription filled, further investigation is needed to confirm the relationship between these promotions and actual prescriber habits.
Sex differences in language first appear in gesture

Children differ in how quickly they reach linguistic milestones. Boys typically produce their first multi-word sentences later than girls do. We ask here whether there are sex differences in children's gestures that precede, and presage, these sex differences in speech. To explore this question, we observed 22 girls and 18 boys every 4 months as they progressed from one-word speech to multi-word speech. We found that boys not only produced speech + speech (S+S) combinations ('drink juice') 3 months later than girls, but they also produced gesture + speech (G+S) combinations expressing the same types of semantic relations ('eat' + point at cookie) 3 months later than girls. Because G+S combinations are produced earlier than S+S combinations, children's gestures provide the first sign that boys are likely to lag behind girls in the onset of sentence constructions.
Active learning for adaptive mobile sensing networks

This paper investigates data-adaptive path planning schemes for wireless networks of mobile sensor platforms. We focus on applications of environmental monitoring, in which the goal is to reconstruct a spatial map of environmental factors of interest. Traditional sampling theory deals with data collection processes that are completely independent of the target map to be estimated, aside from possible a priori specifications reflective of assumed properties of the target. We refer to such processes as passive learning methods. Alternatively, one can envision sequential, adaptive data collection procedures that use information gleaned from previous observations to guide the process. We refer to such feedback-driven processes as active learning methods. Active learning is naturally suited to mobile path planning, in which previous samples are used to guide the motion of the mobiles for further sampling. This paper presents some of the most encouraging theoretical results to date that support the effectiveness of active over passive learning, and focuses on new results regarding the capabilities of active learning methods for mobile sensing. Tradeoffs between latency, path lengths, and accuracy are carefully assessed using our theory. Adaptive path planning methods are developed to guide mobiles in order to focus attention in interesting regions of the sensing domain, thus conducting spatial surveys much more rapidly while maintaining the accuracy of the estimated map. The theory and methods are illustrated in the application of water current mapping in a freshwater lake.
A characterization of stiffly stable linear multistep methods

A theorem expressing geometric conditions necessary and sufficient for the stiff stability of a linear multistep method is obtained. A corollary to this theorem provides sufficient conditions for stiff stability, for the class of algorithms characterized by a single essential root. By applying the Schur-Cohn criterion and employing a computerized algebraic manipulation program, the result provides a first step towards an exhaustive search technique for determining a continuum of members of this class.
Association of serum osteoprotegerin with ankle-brachial index and urine albumin: Creatinine ratio in African-Americans and non-Hispanic whites

Abstract Osteoprotegerin (OPG), a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, has been implicated in vascular disease. We investigated the association of serum OPG with the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and urine albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR), in a bi-ethnic cohort of 1324 African-Americans (mean age 64 years, 71% women) and 1237 non-Hispanic whites (mean age 59 years, 57% women) belonging to hypertensive sibships. Serum levels of OPG were measured by solid phase sandwich immunoassay. ABI was measured using a standard protocol and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) defined as ABI P =0.001 and P P =0.017 and P =0.002, respectively); the association remained significant after further adjustment for plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) in both ethnic groups. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, higher OPG levels were associated with PAD in African-Americans, independent of the covariates listed above ( P =0.026); the association remained significant after additional adjustment for plasma CRP ( P =0.047). In non-Hispanic whites, the association of higher OPG levels with PAD was of borderline significance after adjustment for the relevant covariates ( P =0.106). We conclude that higher OPG levels are associated with lower ABI and higher UACR, independent of conventional risk factors and plasma CRP.
Bi-criteria evaluation of the MIKE SHE model for a forested watershed on the South Carolina coastal plain

Abstract. Hydrological models are important tools for effective management, conservation and restoration of forested wetlands. The objective of this study was to test a distributed hydrological model, MIKE SHE, by using bi-criteria (i.e., two measurable variables, streamflow and water table depth) to describe the hydrological processes in a forested watershed that is characteristic of the lower Atlantic Coastal Plain. Simulations were compared against observations of both streamflow and water table depth measured on a first-order watershed (WS80) on the Santee Experimental Forest in South Carolina, USA. Model performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe's model efficiency (E). The E and root mean squared error (RMSE) were chosen as objective functions for sensitivity analysis of parameters. The model calibration and validation results demonstrated that the streamflow and water table depth were sensitive to most of the model input parameters, especially to surface detention storage, drainage depth, soil hydraulic properties, plant rooting depth, and surface roughness. Furthermore, the bi-criteria approach used for distributed model calibration and validation was shown to be better than the single-criterion in obtaining optimum model input parameters, especially for those parameters that were only sensitive to some specific conditions. Model calibration using the bi-criteria approach should be advantageous for constructing the uncertainty bounds of model inputs to simulate the hydrology for this type of forested watersheds. R2 varied from 0.60–0.99 for daily and monthly streamflow, and from 0.52–0.91 for daily water table depth. E changed from 0.53–0.96 for calibration and 0.51–0.98 for validation of daily and monthly streamflow, while E varied from 0.50–0.90 for calibration and 0.66–0.80 for validation of daily water table depth. This study showed that MIKE SHE could be a good candidate for simulating streamflow and water table depth in coastal plain watersheds.
Automated facial expression recognition based on FACS action units

Automated recognition of facial expression is an important addition to computer vision research because of its relevance to the study of psychological phenomena and the development of human-computer interaction (HCI). We developed a computer vision system that automatically recognizes individual action units or action unit combinations in the upper face using hidden Markov models (HMMs). Our approach to facial expression recognition is based an the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), which separates expressions into upper and lower face action. We use three approaches to extract facial expression information: (1) facial feature point tracking; (2) dense flow tracking with principal component analysis (PCA); and (3) high gradient component detection (i.e. furrow detection). The recognition results of the upper face expressions using feature point tracking, dense flow tracking, and high gradient component detection are 85%, 93% and 85%, respectively.
Field Experience with Absolute Time Synchronism Between Remotely Located Fault Recorders and Sequence of Events Recorders

This paper addresses the problem of maintaining absolute real time synchronism between many remote substation locations containing fault and sequence of events recording equipment. Several methods are described which have been under field evaluation for over four years and are in current use at Georgia Power Company.
Open data and open code for big science of science studies

Historically, science of science (Sci2) studies have been performed by single investigators or small teams. As the size and complexity of data sets and analyses scales up, a "Big Science" approach (Price, Little science, big science, 1963) is required that exploits the expertise and resources of interdisciplinary teams spanning academic, government, and industry boundaries. Big Sci2 studies utilize "big data", i.e., large, complex, diverse, longitudinal, and/or distributed datasets that might be owned by different stakeholders. They apply a systems science approach to uncover hidden patterns, bursts of activity, correlations, and laws. They make available open data and open code in support of replication of results, iterative refinement of approaches and tools, and education. This paper introduces a database-tool infrastructure that was designed to support big Sci2 studies. The open access Scholarly Database ( http://sdb.cns.iu.edu ) provides easy access to 26 million paper, patent, grant, and clinical trial records. The open source Sci2 tool ( http://sci2.cns.iu.edu ) supports temporal, geospatial, topical, and network studies. The scalability of the infrastructure is examined. Results show that temporal analyses scale linearly with the number of records and file size, while the geospatial algorithm showed quadratic growth. The number of edges rather than nodes determined performance for network based algorithms.
553-GHz signal generation in CMOS using a quadruple-push oscillator

A 553-GHz quadruple-push oscillator is demonstrated using low leakage transistors in 45-nm CMOS. The currents of coupling transistors of a quadrature oscillator were summed up to implement quadruple pushing. Quasi-optical measurements showed that the circuit generates 4th harmonic signal at 553 GHz with the power level of 220 nW, while suppressing unwanted harmonic signals. The circuit consumes 64 mW from a 1.4 V supply.
Requirements, architectures, and technologies for optical cross-connects

The growing demands for telecommunications bandwidth, and the development of high-capacity optical networks, are creating a demand for large-port-count optical cross-connects. The initial cross-connect products currently being offered all utilize electronic switch fabrics, and while they are meeting the immediate needs for network operators, there is a growing consensus that transparent optical switch fabrics will be needed in the near future. The purpose of the paper is to review the requirements and architectures for optical switch fabrics, and to compare and evaluate the various optical switch technologies that are available to implement fabrics capable of meeting those requirements.
Local and broadcast clock synchronization in a sensor node

Energy constrained wireless sensor networks need to maintain network timing for coordinating event detection and processing, and to enable receiver duty cycling and communications rendezvous, in order to save energy. Motivated by this, we consider synchronization of a slow low-power local oscillator with an occasionally observed fast and highly accurate broadcast clock (such as GPS). Errors are modeled as quantization noise, incurred when comparing the slow and fast clocks. We consider estimation of the offset and skew between the clocks, detection of drift in the local clock, and prediction of the broadcast clock based on the locally observed times.
Migraine precipitated by head trauma in athletes

Three members of a university football team were evaluated because of migraine symptoms precipitated by head trauma. Analysis of the clinical data from these cases, as well as eight previously reported in athletes, reveals that the head trauma is usually minor and not associated with amnesia; and, after a symptom-free interval most often of several minutes, visual, motor, sensory, or brainstem signs and symptoms begin. These usually last for approximately 15 to 30 min and are followed by headache frequently accompanied by nausea and vomiting. In 9 of 11 cases, attacks have occurred with subsequent head trauma. Only 4 of the 11 athletes admitted to spontaneous episodes, however, the incidence may be higher since they have not been followed for a sufficient period of time. Prophylaxis with antimigrainous drugs does not appear to be indicated. The decision as to future participation in contact sports is based primarily on the results of a thorough neurologic evaluation. The possible long-term sequela of this...
Effects of high glucose on integrin activity and fibronectin matrix assembly by mesangial cells

The filtration unit of the kidney is the glomerulus, a capillary network supported by mesangial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Glomerular function is compromised in diabetic nephropathy (DN) by uncontrolled buildup of ECM, especially type IV collagen, which progressively occludes the capillaries. Increased levels of the ECM protein fibronectin (FN) are also present; however, its role in DN is unknown. Mesangial cells cultured under high glucose conditions provide a model system for studying the effect of elevated glucose on deposition of FN and collagen IV. Imaging of mesangial cell cultures and analysis of detergent-insoluble matrix show that, under high glucose conditions, mesangial cells assembled significantly more FN matrix, independent of FN protein levels. High glucose conditions induced protein kinase C-dependent β1 integrin activation, and FN assembly in normal glucose was increased by stimulation of integrin activity with Mn(2+). Collagen IV incorporation into the matrix was also increased under high glucose conditions and colocalized with FN fibrils. An inhibitor of FN matrix assembly prevented collagen IV deposition, demonstrating dependence of collagen IV on FN matrix. We conclude that high glucose induces FN assembly, which contributes to collagen IV accumulation. Enhanced assembly of FN might facilitate dysregulated ECM accumulation in DN.
A Rare Occurrence of Seed Formation on Male Branches of the Dioecious Tree, Populus deltoides

Abstract We observed formation of female flowers and seedpods, subsequent to the production of male flowers and pollen, on branch cuttings from a male Populus deltoides var. wislizenii tree. Labile sex expression is rare in the genus Populus, and this is the only recorded instance for this variety of P. deltoides. Mature trees exhibited the same phenomenon in the field and some released copious amounts of seed during 1997. These observations may explain apparent sexual lability within four populations of P. deltoides along the Rio Grande. If protandrous hermaphrodites exist in this species, observations of sexual lability in these field populations could be explained by year to year variation in the timing of census observations; i.e., earlier season observations would score these individuals as males. We conclude that P. deltoides var. wislizenii is a subdioecious species with occasional bisexual individual plants.
Naturalization of the Oil Collecting Bee Centris nitida (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centrini), a Potential Pollinator of Selected Native, Ornamental, and Invasive Plants in Florida

The neotropical bee Centris nitida Smith has naturalized in southeastern Florida and in Sarasota on the Gulf coast. This furry yellow and black bee has been confused with the closely related C. lanosa Cresson, a native bee restricted to northern Florida and the American Southwest and adjacent Mexico. Female C. nitida are smaller than those of both C. lanosa and C. errans Fox, a furry brown-colored native Centris which is sympatric with C. nitida in southern Florida. The 3 Centris bees now occurring in Florida are readily separated by their distinctive facial markings. Female C. nitida have a vertical black line in the middle of the clypeus. Centris nitida is a polylectic, oil-collecting bee observed to visit flowers of 28 species in 10 plant families, including 8 oil reward flower species in the Malpighiaceae, and 10 species of buzz pollinated flowers in the Fabaceae and Solanaceae in Florida. Centris nitida may have environmental impacts through pollination of selected native, ornamental and invasive plants, as well possible competition with the sympatric native C. errans through common usage of oil reward flowers.
Retailer compliance with tobacco control laws in New York City before and after raising the minimum legal purchase age to 21

Objectives New York City (NYC) is the first large city to increase the legal minimum age for possessing tobacco products from 18 to 21 (Tobacco 21) and establish a minimum price law to reduce smoking rates among youth. However, retailer compliance with these regulations is unknown. Methods Youthful investigators purchased cigarettes pre and post-Tobacco 21 implementation in 92 NYC neighbourhoods. Investigators recorded whether their ID was checked, the pack9s purchase price, and observed compliance with additional regulations. Multivariable OLS and Poisson regression models assess pre and post Tobacco 21 compliance with ID checks and purchase prices, controlling for retailer type, location and compliance with other laws. Results Retailer compliance with ID checks declined from 71% to 62% (p Conclusions Several aspects of tobacco control appear to have deteriorated in NYC. Greater attention to monitoring retailer compliance with all tobacco regulations will be important for Tobacco 21 laws to be effective in reducing youth access to tobacco products.
Strategies: Techniques and Molecular Systems Chairman’s Introduction

In beginning this meeting of the Ways and Means Committee which will last throughout the day, if I have any contribution from a good many years of involvement in gene transfer, it is to comment on the ideas that we used to hold in the past which have had to be collapsed or modified as we extended them as bridges into the new domain of genetic engineering. We used to consider DNA as metabolically stable, an unmodified substance, something like an aged grandfather living in the family, being served by all the family, influential, but remote from life in the kitchen. We now know how many ways DNA is participating, being subject to exchange, excision or modification, etc., as it serves its functions. We thought that very few kinds of cells could take up DNA. We used to say there are just two or three transformable species; E. coli for example was “not transformable,” unless you accepted reports by Boivin and Vendrely about 1948 on very special strains, whose transformations could not be repeated by other people. We thought that the genes could only be transferred into pre-existing sites to which they were already homologous. Our approaches then and now considerably depend upon concepts about what is called the unity of biochemistry. Stimulated by Helinski’s insightful and exciting talk, I have tried to reconsider just what we then meant and what we would now mean by the unity of biochemistry.
Adult polyglucosan body disease presenting as a unilateral progressive plexopathy.

Introduction Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) usually presents with progressive spastic paraparesis, neurogenic bladder, and distal lower limb sensory abnormalities. It is caused by mutations in the glycogen branching enzyme gene (GBE1). Methods We describe a woman with an unusual phenotype manifesting as progressive left brachial more than lumbosacral plexopathies, with central sensory and corticospinal tract involvement. Results Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spine showed abnormal T2 signal within the ventral pons and medulla bilaterally, involving the pyramidal tracts and the medial leminisci. There was also medullary and cervical spine atrophy. On nerve biopsy, large polyglucosan bodies were noted in the endoneurium. The patient was found to be compound heterozygous for 2 novel mutations in GBE1. Peripheral blood leukocyte GBE activity was markedly reduced to 7% of normal, confirming the diagnosis of APBD. Conclusions In this report we describe a new phenotype of APBD associated with 2 novel mutations. Muscle Nerve 53: 976-981, 2016.
Higher Incidence of Diabetes in Liver Transplant Recipients With Hepatitis C

We assessed the clinical and biochemical parameters associated with the development of posttransplantation diabetes (PTDM) in 52 liver transplant recipients followed up for 1 year. Diabetes was present before transplantation in 9.6% (5 of 52) of patients, and PTDM occurred in 23% (11 of 47) of the remaining liver transplant recipients. Of the 13 patients who had hepatitis C as the cause of their liver failure (HC-LD), 8 (62%) developed PTDM; of the 34 patients with other causes of liver failure, 3 (9%) developed PTDM (p < 0.001). Posttransplantation diabetes was also associated with the development of early posttransplantation hyperglycemia, a higher number of liver rejection episodes, and lower serum albumin levels at 6 months. The association of PTDM with HC-LD remained significant in a logistic regression model after adjustment for potential confounding variables. We conclude that PTDM is common in liver transplant recipients. Associated clinical parameters predictive of PTDM include a diagnosis of HC-LD before transplantation, the development of early hyperglycemia after transplantation, multiple episodes of posttransplantation liver rejection and low serum albumin levels at 6 months. The fact that HC-LD remained an independent risk factor for the development of PTDM may suggest a direct or immune-mediated pancreatic effect of the virus.
Rauwolfia serpentina in hypertensive vascular disease.

Summary1. Rauwolfia serpentina (Raudixin Squibb) was administered for periods of 2 weeks or more to 10 ambulatory patients with uncomplicated hypertensive vascular disease, 10 bed patients with the accelerated phase of this disorder, and to 4 hospital patients in varying stages of the disease, the last group being studied in detail while on a constant fluid and dietary regimen. 2. Significant depressor effects and bradycardia were observed in the majority of the ambulatory patients; some degree of relaxation was noted in those who were emotionally tense; but little or no effects were evident in those with the accelerated phase or those under hospital supervision. 3. Temporary sodium retention was apparent in 2 hospital patients with nephrosclerosis, but otherwise Raudixin appeared to have no direct hemodynamic, circulatory or metabolic action.
The 1883 F.A. Cup Final: working class representation, professionalism and the development of modern football in England

The 1883 F.A. Cup Final has long been viewed as a seminal event in the rise of professional football and an example of the class/culture conflict thought to characterized later Victorian sport. Recent scholarship has improved understandings of the larger contexts surrounding the match but diminish the importance of the 1883 Final as a catalyst for wider change. Little has been done to reconcile traditional understandings with this new, and more complex, view of the motivations for cultural change within the F.A. Utilizing new perspectives on the traditions and character of English sporting culture more generally, this article seeks to recast the 1883 Final within a post-colonial discourse concerning identity and representation. Through this perspective, traditional interpretations can be reconciled with contemporary understandings and the 1883 Final can be re-imbued with a sociocultural significance that more recent perspectives tend to neglect.
What comes after second order cybernetics

In recent years the field of cybernetics has been described as consisting of two bodies of work created in two time periods: first order cybernetics from the late 1940s until about 1975, and second order cybernetics from the mid 1970s to the present. Each period lasted about 25 years. What comes next? I shall describe here what I think comes next and how the new point of view emerged, at least in my own thinking.
Dark-stored Flurprimidol Solutions Maintain Efficacy Over Many Weeks

For a number of geophytic crops, pre-plant plant growth regulator (PGR) dips or soaks are an effective method of height control. Previous research has shown that a given PGR solution may be used to dip numerous bulbs without losing efficacy. What has been unknown is whether PGR solutions maintain efficacy over multiple-week (seasonal) time scales, especially if they have previously been used to treat bulbs. To address this question, 30 mg·L L1 flurprimidol solutions were prepared 3 weeks apart and used to dip narcissus and hyacinth bulbs and then held for 4 weeks at 17 8C in darkness. These solutions (now 7 and 4 weeks old) and a freshly prepared solution were used to dip bulbsofeighthyacinthandfivenarcissuscultivars. Afterappropriatecooling, bulbswere forced in a greenhouse. Results indicate no difference in growth reduction among the 0-, 4-,or7-week-oldsolutionsdemonstratingnolossofPGRactivityovera7-weekperiod.In twootherexperiments, 2.5,5,and10mg·L L1 flurprimidolsolutionswereexposedto0to8 days of full sun (late June) and then used to dip Lilium 'Tresor' bulbs for 1 minute. Growth of the plants indicated loss of growth regulation activity (taller plants) as the duration of exposure to sunlight increased, suggesting substantial photolysis of the active ingredient. Together, the results suggest that flurprimidol solutions can be held in darkness at 17 8C and used for at least 7 weeks without loss of efficacy.
Physicochemical Structural Changes of Poplar and Switchgrass during Biomass Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Converting lignocellulosics to simple sugars for second generation bioethanol is complicated due to biomass recalcitrance, and it requires a pretreatment stage prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, native, pretreated (acid and alkaline) and partially hydrolyzed poplar and switchgrass were characterized by using Simons’ staining for cellulose accessibility, GPC for degree of polymerization (DP), and FTIR for chemical structure of plant cell wall. The susceptibility of the pretreated biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis could not be easily predicted from differences in cellulose DP and accessibility. During hydrolysis, the most significant DP reduction occurred at the very beginning of hydrolysis, and the DP began to decrease at a significantly slower rate after this initial period, suggesting an existence of a synergistic action of endo- and exoglucanases that contribute to the occurrence of a “peeling off” mechanism. Cellulose accessibility was found to be increased at the beginning of hydrolysis, afte...
Best practices for online marketing in Twitter: An experimental study

In this paper, we develop a guideline for advertisers to make the best marketing practices by visualizing and studying the evolution of popular Twitter hashtags. We monitor specific quantitative attributes like the numbers of initiators and commentators. This information allows us to identify the patterns for best practices. This practices are not noticeable to advertisers who aim to utilize Twitter to do online marketing. The result of the study indicates four patterns for successful hashtags, as well as findings about the use of commercial hashtags. Practical implications of these findings are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.
Sustainable church: Practices that make for a lifetime of service

Since the 1970s, the sustainable agriculture movement has challenged conventional agricultural practices dominating U.S. food production after World War II. These modern practices have demonstrated themselves to be unsustainable. Land and soil are destroyed, farmers abandon their farms, and the life of rural communities is eroded. Wendell Berry and other new agrarian voices call for an ecologically sound food system that takes into account the quality of life of the farmer, the land, and the community. Similarly, conventional ministry practices have taken their toll on both congregations and clergy as the heavy programmatic nature of church life has taken hold during that same period. Pastors and congregations interested in more sustainable ways of ministry might learn from the agricultural metaphor. What are those practices churches and ministers are finding to be good for the clergy, good for the congregation, and good for the communities in which they serve? What might sustainable church life look like...
Global Learning Outcomes of a Domestic Foreign Language Immersion Program

There is a critical need for college students to receive an education that fosters global learning in preparation for life in an increasingly interdependent and interconnected world. Universities recognize this need and endeavor to provide a range of programs that target global knowledge and skills, and meet the needs of traditional and non-traditional students. Domestic foreign language immersion programs can contribute to student global learning and development by providing students with an opportunity to participate in a rich global learning experience in the U.S. While some researchers have investigated impacts of domestic foreign language immersion on language proficiency, few studies of other kinds of global learning outcomes are available, and research is needed to gain an understanding of program impacts and make improvements. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which participation in a domestic foreign language immersion program was perceived to influence global learning and development. The study used a mixed-methods design that incorporated as a key instrument a retrospective survey of former participants in a university-level domestic foreign language immersion program. Perspectives from short-term study abroad, foreign languages, transformative learning, and global citizenship informed the research. The study found that participants in a domestic foreign language immersion program perceived influence in all three domains of global development. The degree of perceived influence was similar in the three domains except in the area of social GLOBAL LEARNING AND DFLI ii responsibility, which received a significantly lower rating. Finally, student characteristics, including age, language level, prior international or other intercultural experience, and on/off-campus residence were not associated with perceived program influence. A qualitative analysis helped explain these findings. GLOBAL LEARNING AND DFLI iii
Laparoscopic Abdominal Cerclage

This article reviews the current state of the literature as regards to the indications, outcomes, and techniques of laparoscopic abdominal cerclage. Laparoscopic abdominal cerclage is a safe and effective method for the treatment of refractory cervical insufficiency or anatomic restriction to transvaginal cerclage placement. Laparoscopic cerclage has similar success rates to open abdominal cerclage and is the preferred approach given reduced blood loss, postoperative pain, length of stay, and cost. Laparoscopic placement prior to conception may improve feasibility of the procedure and decrease complications. Various surgical techniques to aid in suture placement have been described. Laparoscopic cerclage is a highly successful intervention for the treatment of cervical insufficiency. Continued research is needed to further define the surgical and obstetric benefits of this method.
The efficacy of cross-discipline representations for ill-defined IAS concepts

A universal problem to our society is the dramatic increase in the number of security threats, risks, and vulnerabilities to our nation's computer systems, data, and infrastructure. Our future success depends upon the problem-solving and thinking abilities of professionals entering the Information Assurance and Security (IAS) field. These professionals will be faced with many problems that are complex, ll-defined, and multi-disciplinary in nature. But how do we, as educators, prepare these professionals to be successful? Are traditional approaches sufficient for the complexity they will face? This study examines ways of increasing learners' expertise of ill-defined concepts through the use of varying types of representations. Of particular interest is to what extent the number and context of representations increase learners' conceptual understanding of an ill-defined concept. Research suggests that the more varying the context of the representation presented to the learner the greater the understanding. Through a quasi-experimental research methodology, students were assigned into one of three groups and given multiple representations of an ill-defined concept "threat analysis". After each treatment, students created concept maps of their understanding of threat analysis, which was then scored against an expert concept map using a rubric. Results show that multiple representations did increase conceptual understanding of an ill-defined concept from the first treatment to the second with diminishing returns thereafter. The varying contexts of the representations was not a factor, however the use of different instructional strategies did show a difference over the three treatments. Future research in measuring "far-transfer" of ill-defined concepts will be of benefit to the field.
Megakaryocytic Blast Phase (M-BP) of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML).

Abstract Approximately 65% of patients with CMP BP exhibit a myeloid phenotype, 30% a lymphoid, and 5% of cases have and undifferentiated or mixed phenotype. Only anecdotal cases of BP with megakaryocytic differentiation (M-BP) have been reported. To evaluate the incidence and outcome of M-BP, we reviewed 410 patients with CML who underwent transformation to BP at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between January 1999 and April 2007. Three cases (2 female) were diagnosed as having M-BP (incidence 0.7%). The median age was 50 years (range, 49–74). Two patients were initially diagnosed with chronic phase (CP) CML while 1 presented initially with M-BP. The median time from CML diagnosis to M-BP transformation was 76 months (range, 0–101). At the time of transformation, 2 patients presented with >20% bone marrow (BM) blasts whereas 1 other had only 2% blasts but developed extensive subcutaneous granulocytic sarcomas. The median white blood cell count at the time of transformation was 41.4x109/L (range, 39–44.7), hemoglobin 10.6 g/dL (range, 9.6–10.9), platelet count 270x109/L (range, 22–383), peripheral blood (PB) blast percentage 9% (range, 1–20), BM blast percentage 32% (range, 2–65). Flow cytometry analysis in BM blasts demonstrated positivity for markers of myeloid lineage (CD11c, CD13, CD33) as well as CD41 in all 3 patients. All patients expressed p210 BCR-ABL1 transcripts (b3a2 in 2 cases, b2a2 in 1). Initial therapy for M-BP in 1 patients consisted of troxacitabine (with no response), followed by imatinib 400 mg/d, which rendered a complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) for 35 months. The patient then received nilotinib at 600 mg twice daily with no response and died 7 months later. A second patient received imatinib 600 mg/d, ara-C 10 mg/d subcutaneous, and idarubicin 12 mg/m2 intravenous every 14 days, achieving a CCyR for 28 months. The patient relapsed in accelerated phase based on clonal evolution (i(17), −7,−18, and double Philadelphia chromosome). Therapy with dasatinib 140 mg/d was started, resulting in a brief CCyR (4 months) but prolonged (20 months) complete hematologic response (CHR), during which a F317L mutation was detected that resulted in loss of CHR. This patient is currently on hydroxyurea 59 months after diagnosis of M-BP. The third patient, who presented with a subcutaneous granulocytic sarcoma, achieved a brief CHR on dasatinib 50 mg twice daily. Dasatinib therapy was interrupted due to pericardial tamponade. While off therapy, the patient developed wide-spread granulocytic sarcomas of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and right orbit, as well as 30% blasts in BM. DNA expansion of specific clones followed by DNA sequencing detected the dasatinib-resistant mutation V299L in 30% of clones. Therapy with dasatinib was ineffective and the patient died after 14 months in M-BP. In conclusion, M-BP is an extremely rare subtype of BP CML and exhibits resistance to conventional BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor therapy. Although prolonged responses can be achieved with these agents, more effective therapies are warranted.
Spinal Artery Steal Syndrome in Paget’s Disease of the Bone

This a condition of paraparesis or paraplegia in association with Paget’s disease of the spine not due to cord compression but due to spinal artery steal syndrome due to blood flow diversion in the bone and it is reversible after medical therapy of the disease (Herzberg and Bayliss).
Perianal Lesions in Children: An Updated Review

Perianal lesions in children are common reasons for dermatology clinic visits and a well-defined approach to diagnosis and management is helpful to the practicing clinician. In this article, we review and update various etiologies of perianal lesions in the pediatric population, including infectious, papulosquamous, vascular, and neoplastic. We provide a standard initial approach to diagnosis and updates on current management. Infectious etiologies of perianal lesions discussed in this article include fungal, bacterial, parasitic, and viral. Perianal papulosquamous lesions often encountered in children, and discussed in this article, include acrodermatitis enteropathica, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and many others. We also discuss the diagnosis and management of other entities including infantile hemangiomas, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and fibrous hamartoma of infancy.
Late Miocene fluvial sediment transport from the southern Appalachian Mountains to southern Florida: An example of an old mountain belt sediment production surge

Past geomorphological models assume that erosion of sediments from old mountain belts occurred at a relatively constant rate, based on comparatively uniform isostatic adjustment caused by unloading. Late Miocene strata of the south-eastern United States provide an example of pulsed tectonism resulting in a surge in siliciclastic sediment production and transport. Regional tectonism (uplift of the southern Appalachian Mountains) and climatic conditions during the Late Miocene resulted in the long-distance (up to 1000 km) fluvial transport of coarse siliciclastic sediments onto a stable carbonate platform in southern Florida. The sediments are unusual in that they are significantly coarser than marine-transported sands in southern Florida, with discoidal quartz and quartzite clasts up to 40 mm in diameter locally present, and have relatively high potassium feldspar contents (up to 16% in some sample fractions), whereas feldspar is rare in modern Florida beach sands. It is suggested that previously documented rejuvenation of the southern Appalachian Mountains during the Middle to Late Miocene time, coupled with the Messenian sea-level low, generated the increased rate of sediment production and necessary hydraulic gradient to allow rapid transport of coarse sediments. Tectonic influence on the river pathway in Florida, as well as in the southern Appalachian Mountains, may have maintained the river on the narrow carbonate platform. The Florida Platform during the Late Miocene must also have had a sufficiently wet climate to cause episodic transport of the coarse sediments. Siliciclastic sediment transport on the Florida Platform during the Late Miocene greatly differed from Pleistocene to modern conditions, which are dominated by the transport of fine-grained sands by longshore marine processes.
Predictors of Achieving Recommended Daily Physical Activity Among Anesthesiologists at a Large Tertiary Care Academic Center

Background: The goal of the current study was to determine if the daily work patterns of anesthesiologists meet the recommended daily levels of activity. Methods: Attending and resident anesthesiologists at a tertiary academic center were invited to participate. The subjects wore a pedometer during five regular clinical days at work and recorded the number of steps walked. The participants also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) during one regular week. The results were analyzed using analysis of variance, Chi-square test and multivariate linear regression using STATA 12.1. Results: During work, attending, compared with senior and junior resident, anesthesiologists had the most steps (5,953 ± 1,213, 5,153 ± 905, and 5,710 ± 1,513 steps, respectively, P = 0.2). Outside work, senior residents had the highest level of activity (3,592 ± 1,626 metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-minutes/week) compared to junior residents (1,788 ± 1,089 MET-minutes/week) and attending (2,104 ± 1,594 MET-minutes/week, P = 0.005); the percentage of recommended daily level of activity represented by this outside activity was senior residents (78.5%), junior residents (27%) and attending (21%) anesthesiologists (P = 0.002). When activity at and outside work was combined, most anesthesiologists met the recommended 10,000 steps daily, P < 0.009. Conclusions: The daily physical activity of faculty and trainee anesthesiologists at work in a busy tertiary care is low active. However, when additional physical activity is pursued outside of work, most anesthesiologists met recommended daily levels of activity. These results highlight the inadequacy of daily activity at work, and the need to pursue additional physical activity outside of work; such awareness can assist in promoting a healthy lifestyle. J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(1):50-55 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3208w
Finite Element Based Pelvic Injury Metric Creation and Validation in Lateral Impact for a Human Body Model.

Pelvic fractures are serious injuries resulting in high mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study is to develop and validate local pelvic anatomical, cross-section-based injury risk metrics for a finite element (FE) model of the human body. Cross-sectional instrumentation was implemented in the pelvic region of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC M50-O) 50th percentile detailed male FE model (v4.3). In total, 25 lateral impact FE simulations were performed using input data from cadaveric lateral impact tests performed by Bouquet et al. The experimental force-time data was scaled using five normalization techniques, which were evaluated using log rank, Wilcoxon rank sum, and correlation and analysis (CORA) testing. Survival analyses with Weibull distribution were performed on the experimental peak force (scaled and unscaled) and the simulation test data to generate injury risk curves (IRCs) for total pelvic injury. Additionally, IRCs were developed for regional injury using cross-sectional forces from the simulation results and injuries documented in the experimental autopsies. These regional IRCs were also evaluated using the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Based on the results of the all the evaluation methods, the Equal Stress Equal Velocity (ESEV) and ESEV using effective mass (ESEV-EM) scaling techniques performed best. The simulation IRC shows slight under prediction of injury in comparison to these scaled experimental data curves. However, this difference was determined to not be statistically significant. Additionally, the ROC curve analysis showed moderate predictive power for all regional IRCs.