cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic efficacy of fluoxetine, escitalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, and concomitant psychotherapy in major depressive disorder: outcome after long-term follow-up.

The acute efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) is well established; however their role in longer-term prevention of recurrence remains unconfirmed. This study aims at examining: the prophylactic efficacy of four commonly used SSRIs in MDD in a naturalistic setting with long-term follow-up, the effect of concomitant cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and the predictors of outcome. In a prospective cohort study, 387 patients who either remitted or responded following treatment with four different SSRIs—fluoxetine, escitalopram, sertraline and paroxetine—were followed up over several years. During an average follow-up period of 34.5 months, 76.5% of patients experienced MDD recurrence. Escitalopram and fluoxetine showed a numerically higher prophylactic efficacy than paroxetine and sertraline but the difference was statistically insignificant. The prophylactic efficacy for SSRI-only treatment was limited, with a recurrence rate of 82.0%, compared to 59.0% of patient recurrence rate in concomitant Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). The relatively small size of the CBT group and the lack of randomization may undermine the extrapolation of its findings to clinical practice. Nevertheless, the study preliminary data may help in defining the clinical utility of antidepressants and CBT in the prophylaxis from MDD recurrence.
Microstructure and Reflectance of a PbO‐B2O3‐SiO2 Glass with Crystalline Opacifier Additions

Crystalline opacifiers were added to a lead borosilicate glass which was already opaque from phase separation of droplets in a region of liquid-liquid immiscibility. A reflectance enhancement maximum was observed with these additions. Microstructural variations correlated with reflectance measurements, indicating that the maintenance of two-phase immiscibility is essential to opacity in these systems.
Large-eddy simulation of a piloted premixed jet burner

Abstract A three-stream flamelet/progress variable model is applied to the Sydney piloted premixed jet burner (PPJB). Using experimental data, a prior model evaluation is performed to assess critical modeling assumptions regarding the applicability of this formulation to partially-premixed combustion, the statistical representation of the scalar mixing, and the joint PDF-closure. A Dirichlet distribution, as generalization of the beta distribution, is introduced to represent the interaction between the two mixture fractions that are associated with the fuel, pilot, and coflow streams. Comparisons with experimental data are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of this closure-model. Following this prior model evaluation, the three-stream combustion model is applied to large-eddy simulation, and calculations of all four burner configurations, designated as PM1-{50, 100, 150, 200}, are performed. Through comparisons with experimental data and equilibrium computations it was found that the flow-field is sensitive to the scalar inflow composition, and scalar boundary conditions consistent with experimental measurements were used for all simulations. The effect of wall heat-losses on the temperature and species profiles is assessed in an approximate way, suggesting that species profiles are unaffected by the heat-transfer between pilot and coflow streams. Comparisons of statistical results and thermo-chemical correlations show that the model is capable of predicting flow-field, temperature, and major species profiles. The simulations over-predict the fuel-consumption for PM1-150 and PM1-200, which has also been observed in previous investigations. Aspects regarding model extensions to account for heat-losses and transient extinction/re-ignition processes are discussed.
The psychoaggressive stages of psychological development in an authority-based socialization process.

In a brief review of the psychiatric literature on the psychological development of the child it is noted that only scant attention has been given to the influences of man's inborn aggressive drives in determining "how we get to be the way we are." The sexual, behavioral, and cognitive milestones of psychological development have been described in great detail from a variety of perspectives, but the historical evidence clearly shows that man is an aggressive creature, and that it is largely through the disciplined expression of this aggressiveness that he has achieved a position of dominance over all other creatures. Surely the psychoaggressive aspects of psychological development deserve more attention and greater emphasis than has so far been apparent in the psychiatric literature (Lidz, 1976). An attempt is made here to describe man's gradual process of gaining control over his instinctual aggressive drives through his reactions to the gradual imposition of challenges from external authorities associated with the socialization process. The psychoaggressive stages occur in a developmental sequence which parallels the approximate age periods in classical descriptions for sexual, behavioral, and cognitive phases in an evolving process. The psychoaggressive stages coincide with those crucial phases in development when impositions of external authority required by the socialization process act as frustrating challenges to the uninhibited expression of instinctual aggressive drives. These cultural challenges block direct expression of instinctual drives, create intrapsychic conflicts, and evoke the use of intrapsychic defense mechanisms which serve to redirect the energies of the drives toward more socially desirable expressions (Figure 2). In early life this takes place under the supervision and control of the nurturing mother figure with whom there is strong affective bonding. There is some research evidence that these early life experiences during the time of rapid brain growth are actually imprinted on a cellular-molecular level and may permanently alter behavioral responses to challenges from external authority in the socialization process. When consistently imposed in a gradual manner during infancy and early childhood by the mother figure, these guiding and redirecting influences operate to inhibit the often harmful direct expression of instinctual aggressive drives and result in the child's more effective adaptation to living by the rules of a civilized society.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Language: en
First report of Heterobasidion annosum on the endemic Abies hickeli of Southern Mexico.

The basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.:Fr.) Bref. is a pathogen of conifers in the Northern Hemisphere. This fungus has been previously reported from Pinus spp. (1) and from Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. (2) in Central Mexico. In 1998, H. annosum was collected for the first time from stumps of Abies hickeli Flous et Gaussen in the Southern Mexican State of Oaxaca, at an altitude of 2,900 m (Lat 17° 28' N, Long 96° 31' W). Although standing trees at the sampled site were asymptomatic, the sapwood and heartwood of several fir stumps were extensively decayed. The white laminated rot was similar to that caused by H. annosum on other Abies spp. Decay pockets extended to the upper surface of the stumps, indicating the fungus had infected and colonized the tree butts prior to tree felling. H. annosum basidiocarps were found both outside the roots in the duff layer and inside the decay pockets. The anamorph of H. annosum (Spiniger meineckellum (A. Olson) Stalpers) was isolated from the context of three basidiocarps. Based on comparative analysis of DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, all three isolates belonged to the North American S intersterility group (ISG). This report expands the host and the geographic ranges of the North American S ISG, and represents the world's southernmost finding of an Abies species infected by this pathogen. References: (1) R. Martinez Barrera and R. Sanchez Ramirez. Ciencia Forestal 5(26):3, 1980. (2) M. Ruiz-Rodriguez and L. M. Pinzon-Picaseno. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 54:225, 1994.
Electron tunneling spectroscopy near the magnetic field tuned superconductor to insulator transition

Abstract We present measurements of the tunneling density of states of ultrathin Pb 0.9 Bi 0.1 films in magnetic field that strongly suggest a field tuned superconductor to insulator transition driven by the suppression of the superconducting order parameter amplitude.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Care Resulting from Air Pollution in Excess of Federal Standards

Abstract This study investigates racial and ethnic disparities in hospital admission and emergency room visit rates resulting from exposure to ozone and fine particulate matter levels in excess of federal standards (“excess attributable risk”). We generate zip code-level ambient pollution exposures and hospital event rates using state datasets, and use pollution impact estimates in the epidemiological literature to calculate excess attributable risk for racial/ethnic groups in California over 2005–2007. We find that black residents experienced roughly 2.5 times the excess attributable risk of white residents. Hispanic residents were exposed to the highest levels of pollution, but experienced similar excess attributable risk to whites. Asian/Pacific Islander residents had substantially lower excess attributable risk compared to white. We estimate the distinct contributions of exposure and other factors to these results, and find that factors other than exposure can be critical determinants of pollution-related disparities.
Parathyroid cyst : Often mistaken for a thyroid cyst

Introduction Parathyroid cysts are rare but clinically significant lesions. They can be functional, mistaken for a thyroid cyst, and/or managed nonoperatively on occasion.
Anthropology and Archaeology; A Selective Interdisciplinary Guide to the Reference Literature: Periodical Indexes

Anthropology, and archaeology, a subdivision of anthropology, traditionally defined as the study of man and his cultures, has greatly expanded its scope of interest in recent years. These interests are now much more contemporary and therefore less arcane to the average layman.
Case report 828

A 5-year-old boy presented with a several-year history of swelling of his calf and muscular weakness. MRI demonstrated abnormal signal and diffuse enlargement of the gastrocnemius muscle. Pathological examination revealed plexiform neurofibroma, and the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis was subsequently made. The manifestations of neurofibromatosis and the peripheral nerve sheath tumors encountered in this disease are discussed. Special attention is paid to the MR features of the plexiform neurofibroma which is characteristic of this disorder.
Water immersion effect on swelling and compression properties of Eco-Core, PVC foam and balsa wood

Syntactic foam, balsa wood and PVC foams are commonly used as core materials in sandwich structures for weight critical applications such as aircraft and ship structures. Water absorption is highly undesirable in these applications. The present study evaluates the effect of water immersion on three types of core materials, namely, Eco-Core, balsa wood and PVC foam. Eco-Core is a new fire resistant core material under development that utilizes about 83% by weight of fly ash. Designers of naval ships and aircraft commonly specify balsa wood and PVC foam as core materials for sandwich structures. These three core materials were subjected to water immersion to determine the relative resistance to property change. Both tap water as well as seawater was used. Core samples were studied for dimensional change, weight gain and compression properties after water immersion and the results were compared with the test results of dry core samples. Time periods included in the study ranged from 4 h to 500 days. The results showed that Eco-Core is as good as PVC foam in resisting swelling, water absorption and changes in compression properties due to water immersion. Where as balsa wood showed a significant swelling, water absorption and deterioration of compression properties.
GaAs CCD's with transparent (ITO) gates for imaging and optical signal processing

Sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) film is used as the transparent Schottky gate material for GaAs CCD's. In addition the gigahertz clocking-rate capability of GaAs CCD's makes them attractive for high-speed optical signal processing applications. The operation of the GaAs CCD's with fixed-aperture mask over the transparent gates is reported here. Such structures are basic components of a GaAs CCD-based electrooptic processor (EOP).
Constraints on the subsurface structure of Europa

The wedge-shaped bands appearing near the anti-Jovian point on Europa are tension cracks which, after formation on an intact lithosphere, have facilitated the rotation of ice-lithosphere sections decoupled from the silicate interior. Such factors as fluid pressure, surface temperature, silicate impurities in the ice, and strain rates, would have affected the processes in question. A minimum degree of differentiation is required for Europa to mechanically decouple the rotated ice lithosphere from the underlying, predominantly silicate mantle.
Error spectrum for the global M2 ocean tide

The most accurate determinations of the global ocean tides are currently based on altimeter measurements made by the Topex/Poseidon satellite. The error spectrum corresponding to the M2 tidal solution is here estimated, primarily by inverse methods and secondarily by simple differencing of several of the best tidal models. The tidal error spectrum is flatter than the tidal signal spectrum, and it exceeds 10% of the signal at spherical harmonic degree 15 and above. The tide errors also exceed the anticipated sensitivity of the upcoming Grace satellite gravity mission for all degrees below 40, and possibly below 50.
Constitutive models for porous materials with evolving microstructure

Abstract A constitutive model is developed for the effective behavior of nonlinear porous materials which is capable of accounting, approximately, for the evolution of the material's microstructure under large quasi-static deformations. The model is formulated in terms of an effective potential function for the porous material, which depends on appropriate variables characterizing the state of the microstructure, together with evolution equations for these state variables. For the special case of triaxial loading of an initially isotropic porous material, the appropriate state variables are the porosity and the aspect ratios of the typical void; they serve respectively to characterize the evolution of the size and shape of the pores. The implications of the model are studied in the context of two specific examples: axisymmetric and plane strain loading conditions. It is found that the porosity acts as a hardening mechanism when the material is subjected to boundary conditions resulting in overall hydrostatic compression, and as a softening mechanism for overall hydrostatic tension. On the other hand, the change in shape of the voids is found to have a more subtle influence on the overall behavior of the porous material. Thus the change in shape of the voids has a direct effect which may range from strong softening during void collapse to slight hardening during void elongation, but it also has an indirect effect through its concomitant effect on the evolution of the porosity, which may actually be quite significant. Because of the complex interplay between these hardening-softening mechanisms, the new model is found to yield significantly different predictions, in particular for the onset of localization, than the well-known model of Gurson, which neglects the change in shape of the voids, especially, for low-triaxiality loading conditions. The model, in its present form, is not meant to be used for high-triaxialities for which the Gurson and other associated models are considered to be quite accurate.
U.S. television abroad: Market power and national introspection

(1994). U.S. television abroad: Market power and national introspection. Quarterly Review of Film and Video: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 45-55.
Gender differences in emotional and overt/covert aggressive responses to stress

We examined the role of stress exposure on gender differences in hostile (emotional and behavioral) reactions within the context of a laboratory paradigm. Aggressive behavior was indexed via the intensity (overt) and the duration (covert) of putative shocks delivered to a confederate. Half of the participants were exposed to a chronic stressor (high stress) and half were not (low stress). Participants' emotional responses were measured via self-report mood ratings before and after the experiment. Men displayed higher aggression in both stress conditions, which corresponded to their ratings of state hostility. On the other hand, women in high stress delivered lower intensity shocks, and this decreased overt aggression was positively correlated with sadness ratings. However, women did not decrease their levels of shock duration (covert aggression) under high stress and showed equivalent shock duration compared with men in high stress. These findings are discussed in terms of differential overt manifestations of distress between men and women.
Does monozol stimulate elaboration of pituitary gonadotrophin

SummaryAdministration of Monozol, 1.5-6.0 mg/day, to 8 hypogonadotrophic human subjects resulted in estrogenic phenomena and the excretion of estrogen in the urine, but did not induce elaboration of pituitary gonadotrophin.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NEAR-UV RADIATION 2‘-ACETYLFORMANILIDE-SENSITIZED FORMATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FROM NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES

Abstraet—2′-Acetylformanilide has been found to be an effective, near-ultraviolet (300–380 nm) sensitizer for the photooxidation of nucleosides and nucleotides in aqueous solution, with hydrogen peroxide being formed in high yield. The decreasing order of hydrogen peroxide formation and substrate destruction was found to be: guanosine. adenosine, thymidine, uridine and cytidine. The process was highly pH dependent, low pH being most favorable for photooxidation. Experiments using deuterium oxide and superoxide dismutase indicate that both singlet oxygen and superoxide ion can be involved in hydrogen peroxide formation.
Statistic derivation of Taylor factors for polycrystalline metals with application to pure magnesium

Abstract We have investigated the Taylor factors of textured as well as texture-free polycrystalline aggregates. We begin with examining the Schmid factors of single crystals. A statistical model is then introduced to describe the distribution of grain orientations as well as the Schmid factor of individual grains of the polycrystalline system. The grains are classified into “soft” and “hard” ones. Based on this, a model is proposed for the derivation of the Taylor factors of textured as well as texture-free polycrystalline metals, and as a case study it is applied to polycrystalline magnesium. The model predictions are in very good agreement with the available experimental results. No free parameters have been involved in the development of this model, and the physical processes are clearly defined. Based on the fundamental assumption that grains can be classified into “soft” and “hard” in metals, this model should also be applicable to other hexagonal close packed metals such as α -titanium, beryllium and zirconium, as well as metals of other lattice structures such as face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic. It will also be interesting to see if this model can be incorporated into existing crystal plasticity models for the prediction of texture evolution under mechanical loading.
Bioreduction of Uranium in a Contaminated Soil Column

The bioreduction of soluble uranium [U(VI)] to sparingly soluble U(IV) species is an attractive remedial technology for contaminated soil and groundwater due to the potential for immobilizing uranium and impeding its migration in subsurface environments. This manuscript describes a column study designed to simulate a three-step strategy proposed for the remediation of a heavily contaminated site at the U.S. Department of Energy's NABIR Field Research Center in Oak Ridge, TN. The soil is contaminated with high concentrations of uranium, aluminum, and nitrate and has a low, highly buffered pH (∼3.5). Steps proposed for remediation are (i) flushing to remove nitrate and aluminum, (ii) neutralization to establish pH conditions favorable for biostimulation, and (iii) biostimulation for U(VI) reduction. We simulated this sequence using a packed soil column containing undisturbed aggregates of U(VI)-contaminated saprolite that was flushed with an acidified salt solution (pH 4.0), neutralized with bicarbonate (60...
Spectral Energy Distribution Signatures of Jovian Planets around White Dwarf Stars

The problem of detecting Jovian-sized planets orbiting white dwarf stars is considered. Significant IR excesses result from warm Jupiters orbiting a white dwarf of Teff = 10,000 K at a distance of ~103 white dwarf radii (corresponding to ~102 Jupiter radii or a few tenths of an AU) with an orbital period of ~100 days. Such a planet will have a 10 μm flux density at its Wien peak that is comparable to the emission of the white dwarf at that wavelength. Although the white dwarf is much hotter than the planet, the planet will have peak brightness at the IR, well into the Rayleigh-Jeans tail of the white dwarf; plus, Jovians are about 10 times larger than white dwarfs, so there is a substantial gain in the planet-to-star brightness contrast as compared to planets around main-sequence stars. In the solar neighborhood, there are 51 white dwarf stars within 13 pc of the Sun. At 10 pc, the IR flux density of "warm" Jupiters (a few hundred kelvins) will fall in the range 10-100 μJy, which should be observable with SIRTF.
Internally-actuated rovers for all-access surface mobility: Theory and experimentation

The future exploration of small Solar System bodies will, in part, depend on the availability of mobility platforms capable of performing both large surface coverage and short traverses to specific locations. Weak gravitational fields, however, make the adoption of traditional mobility systems difficult. In this paper we present a planetary mobility platform (called “spacecraft/rover hybrid”) that relies on internal actuation. A hybrid is a small (~ 5 kg), multi-faceted robot enclosing three mutually orthogonal flywheels and surrounded by external spikes or contact surfaces. By accelerating/decelerating the flywheels and by exploiting the low-gravity environment, such a platform can perform both long excursions (by hopping) and short, precise traverses (through controlled “tumbles”). This concept has the potential to lead to small, quasi-expendable, yet maneuverable rovers that are robust as they have no external moving parts. In the first part of the paper we characterize the dynamics of such platforms (including fundamental limitations of performance) and we discuss control and planning algorithms. In the second part, we discuss the development of a prototype and present experimental results both in simulations and on physical test stands emulating low-gravity environments. Collectively, our results lay the foundations for the design of internally-actuated rovers with controlled mobility (as opposed to random hopping motion).
Effect of posture on arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in humans.

Altered baroreflex function may contribute to the cardiovascular changes associated with weightlessness. Since central blood volume (CBV) increases during simulated weightlessness, we have examined the possibility that acute changes in CBV may modify baroreceptor function. We used graded head-up tilt (HUT) and head-down tilt (HDT) to induce changes in CBV, and neck suction to stimulte carotid baroreceptors, in 6 subjects. The increase in pulse interval induced by a negative pressure of 8.2 kPa (62 mm Hg) imposed for 10 s while supine was compared with the increase while tilted for 8 min at ± 15‡, ± 30‡ and ± 45‡. During HDT at 15‡ the pulse interval over the first 5 cardiac cycles following suction onset was 51 ± (SEM) 18 ms longer (p<0.05), at 30‡ it was 61±20 ms longer (p<0.05), and at 45‡ it was 74±35 ms longer (p<0.01), compared with supine. During HUT at 15‡ the pulse interval was 25±9 ms shorter (p<0.05) than when supine, but was not significantly different at 30‡ and 45‡. These responses occurred independently of changes in brachial blood pressure. Attenuation was also observed after 5 min (56±17 ms; <0.05), and after 40 min (25±9 ms; p<0.05) of 60‡ HUT compared with supine. We conclude that posture does modify arterial baroreflex control of heart rate. If this occurs primarily as a result of a change in CBV, then the acute effect of weightlessness may be an accentuation, not an attenuation, of baroreflex function.
Antiulcer activity of the calcium antagonist propyl-methylenedioxyindene--V. Localization of site of action.

Abstract 1. 1. Propyl-methylenedioxyindene (pr-MDI) is an intracellular calcium antagonist which inhibits cold-restraint stress ulceration at subcardiovascular doses (⩽30 mg/kg). It also inhibits gastric acid secretion evoked by RX77368 (a stable analog of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, the putative mediator of cold-restraint stress ulcers). 2. 2. The objective of this investigation was to localize the site of the inhibitory effect of pr-MDI on gastric acid secretion stimulated by intracisternal (i.c.) administration of RX77368 (100 ng) in rats. 3. 3. Peripheral administration of pr-MDI (30 mg/kg i.p. or i.v.) inhibited the elevated basal and the RX 77368-induced acid secretion in conscious 2-hr pylorus-ligated rats. This effect was completely blocked in anesthetized (urethane or pentobarbital) acute gastric fistula rats. 4. 4. Intracisternal administration of pr-MDI (0.1–1 μmol) produced a dose-related inhibition of acid secretion in conscious pylorus-ligated rats. However, urethane anesthesia completely blocked the inhibitory effect of i.c.-administered pr-MDI (1 μmol) on RX77368-induced acid secretion. 5. 5. Since previous studies indicate that anesthesia does not inhibit peripheral actions of pr-MDI (e.g. the antiarrhythmic effect), the convergent evidence suggests that the inhibitory effect of pr-MDI on gastric acid secretion is mediated primarily via the central nervous system.
Identification of polymorphisms of the IκBα gene associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma

Abstract When NF-κB proteins are bound to IκBα , they remain in the cytosol, and are unable to act as transcription factors. Phosphorylation of IκBα at Serine32 and Serine36 has been shown to stimulate ubiquitination followed by proteasome-mediated degradation of IκBα , resulting in the release of active NF-κB . NF-κB activity is associated with bone loss and B cell growth as well as chemotherapy resistance. Because previous studies have shown abnormalities of the IκBα gene in patients with lymphoma, we determined whether alterations of this gene also occur in multiple myeloma (MM). We determined the DNA sequence of the IκBα gene from bone marrow mononuclear cells from 18 MM patients and 24 healthy subjects as well as two MM cell-lines. We identified eight polymorphisms. Statistically, the prevalence of three polymorphisms, one in exon 1 and two in exon 6, were significantly higher in MM patients (α>1) compared with samples from control subjects. Six of eight polymorphisms in myeloma samples have also been identified in previous studies of IκBα sequences derived from lymphoma samples. In addition, we detected two polymorphisms in the IκBα gene that have not been previously reported. Together, these results provide the basis for future evaluation the IκBα/NF-κB pathway in MM patients.
Automation for the Arabidopsis genome sequencing project

Summary At present, existing technology is being used at the Stanford Center in order to test its capabilities and increase the efficiency of the sequencing operation. All the shearing, oligonucleotide synthesis, plaque picking and template preparations for the sequencing projects in progress at the center, including the Arabidopsis genome project, are now performed using the instruments described. Plates of plaques can be routinely processed to templates with a throughput of up to 2000 templates d −1 . This part of the system is expected to be fully automated by early 1997, by which time the desired throughput of 10 000 templates d −1 should be achieved. The templates are currently sequenced using commercially available instruments — ABI Catalysts (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) and MJ thermocyclers (MJ Research, Watertown, USA). Gels are run on ABI 373s and 377s. The high-throughput microthermal cycler is expected to be brought into the operation by mid-1997, and a prototype of the capillary electrophoresis sequencer should be in a position to be tested in late 1997. The system should be completed in 1998. The actual operating cost of the existing instruments is in line with the projected cost for assembled sequence of $0.01 base −1 .
Clustered Star Formation

Most stars, including all massive stars, form in clusters. Here, I present (sub- )millimeter observations of young stellar clusters in two well kown massive star forming regions. First, I discuss relatively low mass cluster formation across the Rosette molecular cloud and the influence of the OB association, NGC 2244 (the Rosette nebula) on their properties. Second, I present SMA observations of the Trapezium cluster in Orion and the detection of emission from protoplanetary disks (proplyds) around 4 low mass stars. The implications for Solar System scale planet formation around low mass stars in high mass star forming environments are discussed.
Cardiovascular emergencies in cruise ship passengers.

More than 10 million people, many elderly and likely to harbor cardiovascular (CV) disease, embark on cruise ship travel worldwide every year. The clinical presentation and outcome of CV emergencies presenting during cruise ship travel remain largely unknown. Our department provides contracted cardiology consultations to several large cruise lines. We prospectively maintained a registry of all such consultations during a 2-year period. One hundred consecutive patients were identified (age 66 ± 14 years, range 18 to 90, 76% men). The most common symptom was chest pain (50%). The most common diagnosis was acute coronary syndrome (58%; ST elevation in 21% and non-ST elevation in 37%). On-board mortality was 3%. Overall, 73% of patients required hospital triage. Of the 25 patients triaged to our institution, 17 underwent a revascularization procedure. One patient died. Ten percent of patients had cardiac symptoms in the days or weeks before boarding; all required hospital triage. Access to a baseline electrocardiogram would have been clinically useful in 23% of cases. In conclusion, CV emergencies, such as acute coronary syndrome and heart failure, are not uncommon on cruise ships. They are often serious, requiring hospital triage and coronary revascularization. A pretravel medical evaluation is recommended for passengers with a cardiac history or a high-risk profile. Passengers should be encouraged to bring a copy of their electrocardiogram on board if abnormal. Cruise lines should establish mechanisms for prompt consultation and triage.
What's Up Next for Code.org?

Code.org's video "What Most Schools Don't Teach" sparked a groundswell of interest in expanding K-12 computer science education. The time is ripe to seize that opportunity.
Anomalous-diffusion model of ionic transport in oxide glasses

The power-law frequency dependence of both the conductivity, [sigma]([omega]), and permittivity, [var epsilon]([omega]), of ion-conducting materials suggests that self-similar or scale-invariant behavior influences the transport of ions at high frequencies. Using an anomalous-diffusion model, we derive relevant power-law expressions for [sigma]([omega]) and [var epsilon]([omega]) and compare these with measurements performed on LiPO[sub 3] glass. Superior fits to the measured data are obtained compared to the commonly used Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) description of the electrical modulus, most particularly in the notorious high-frequency regime. Evaluation of our results in terms of an anomalous-diffusion model suggests the dominance of interaction-based constraints to diffusion.
GRAVITY, BILATERAL AGREEMENTS, AND TRADE DIVERSION IN THE AMERICAS

Krishna (1998) shows that a bilateral agreement between two countries render a multilateral agreement less attractive if the bilateral agreement is trade diverting. This paper combines Krishna’s model with the empirical approach of Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) to show that the estimated effect of tariffs in a multiple country (n>3) context over time measures trade diversion. We apply this measure to new asymmetric, time-varying Latin American trade and tariff data using Anderson and van Wincoop’s (2003) nonlinear estimation approach and OLS. The results show an increase in trade diversion as sub-regional trade agreements proliferated and enthusiasm for the Free Trade Agreement of the Americas declined
Overexpression, purification, and enthalpy of unfolding of ferricytochrome c552 from a psychrophilic microorganism.

Abstract The psychrophilic, hydrocarbonoclastic microorganism Colwellia psychrerythraea is important in global nutrient cycling and bioremediation. In order to investigate how this organism can live so efficiently at low temperatures (~ 4 °C), thermal denaturation studies of a small electron transfer protein from Colwellia were performed. Colwellia cytochrome c 552 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli , isolated, purified, and characterized by UV–visible absorption spectroscopy. The melting temperature (T m ) and the van't Hoff enthalpy (ΔH vH ) were determined. These values suggest an unexpectedly high stability for this psychrophilic cytochrome.
In vivo occupancy of histone gene proximal promoter elements reflects gene copy number-dependent titratable transactivation factors and cross-species compatibility of regulatory sequences

To assess systematically the structural and functional aspects of histone gene transcription within a chromosomal context, we stably integrated an extensive set of human histone H4 gene constructs into mouse C127 cells. Levels of expression were determined by S1 nuclease protection assays for multiple mouse monoclonal cell lines containing these human H4 genes. For each cell line, we quantitated the number of integrated human H4 genes by Southern blot analysis. The results indicate that the expression of the human H4 gene is in part copy number dependent at low gene dosages. However, the level of expression varies among different cell lines containing similar numbers of copies of the same H4 gene construct. This result suggests that position-dependent chromosomal integration effects contribute to H4 gene transcription, consistent with the roles of long-range gene organization and nuclear architecture in gene regulation. At high copy number, the level of human H4 gene expression per copy decreased, and endogenous mouse H4 mRNA levels were also reduced. Furthermore, in vivo occupancy at the human H4 gene immediate 5' regulatory elements, as defined by genomic fingerprinting, showed copy number-dependent protein/DNA interactions. Hence, human and mouse H4 genes compete for titratable transcription factors in a cellular environment. Taken together, these results indicate cross-species compatibility and suggest limited representation in vivo of the factors involved in regulating histone H4 gene transcription.
Organosilyläthylendiaminverbindungen. I Die Reaktionen der Methylchlorsilane und SiCl4 mit N, N′-Bis-(trimethylsilyl-)äthylendiamin

(CH3)3SiNHCH2CH2NHSi(CH3)3 (I) reagiert mit einem Uberschus von (CH3)3SiCl zum [(CH3)3Si]2NCH2CH2NHSi(CH3)3 (II). [(CH3)3Si]2NCH2CH2N[Si(CH3)3]2 (III) bildet sich nur in sehr geringer Menge. Durch Umsetzung von (I) mit n-C4H9Li last sich (CH3)3SiNLiCH2CH2. NHSi(CH3)3 (IV) oder (CH3)3SiNLiCH2CH2NLiSi(CH3)3 (V) erhalten. (IV) reagiert mit (CH3)3SiCl zu (II), (V) reagiert mit (CH3)3SiCl zu (III), mit (CH3)2SiCl2 (a), CH3SiCl3 (b) und SiCl4 (c) zu cyclischen Verbindungen des Types Mit CH3SiCl3 und SiCl4 setzt sich (I) in komplexer Reaktion zum RNHCH2CH2NHR (IX) Es werden einige Eigenschaften und Umsetzungen der neuen Verbindungen beschrieben. By the reaction of (I) [see “Inhaltsubersicht”] or its mono- and di-N-lithium derivatives, respectively, with the three methyl chlorosilanes and SiCl4, the new chain compounds (II) and (III) or the five-membered ring compounds (VI), (VII), and (VIII) were prepared. (I) reacts with CH3SiCl3 or SiCl4 in a complex reaction giving (IX) resp. (X). Some properties and reactions of the new compounds are described.
Differential radiolabelling of lymphocyte membrane alloantigens and immunoglobulins: variation of H2O2 concentration during lactoperoxidase catalyzed cell surface radio-iodination.

Summary The effect of H2O2 concentration on lactoperoxidase catalyzed cell surface radio-iodination and subsequent isolation of Murine splenic lymphocyte Ia, H-2K and Lyb-3 surface antigens and membrane immunoglobulins was studied. For most membrane polypeptides analyzed 0.3 mM H2O2 proved to be optimal for the recovery of radiolabelled antigens from detergent lysates of labelled cells by immunoprecipitation. Marked variations among surface antigens and membrane immunoglobulin polypeptide chains were observed for the iodination and recovery of these proteins above and below the optimal peroxide concentration. The results suggest that cell surface radio-iodination conditions should be standardized to the requirements of the particular membrane protein being studied. The differential iodination and recovery of discrete membrane components above and below optimal conditions may prove useful in the analysis of surface membrane protein structure and membrane association.
Swelling and plastic properties of coal devolatilized at elevated pressures of H2 and He: Influences of added iron oxides

The influences of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 additives on the swelling and plastic properties of a low volatile bituminous coal devolatilized at elevated pressures of H2 and He were characterized using a high-pressure microdilatometer. The results indicate that added Fe2O3 or Fe3O4 destroyed the thermoplastic properties of coal at low pressures (< 1.0 M Pa H2 or He). In general, Fe2O3 appeared to serve as a stronger decaking additive than Fe3O4. The presence of either additive increased solid yield during coal pyrolysis. The reduction in the thermoplastic properties by the additives is explained by suggesting that Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 had a catalytic effect that facilitated char-forming reactions during coal pyrolysis. In addition, a chemical role in the case of Fe2O3 (conversion of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 and consumption of coal-derived H2 in the process) was suggested. When coal was devolatilized at elevated pressures of H2, especially at a slow heating rate (≈ 5 K min −1), the plastic and fluid behaviour of the coal markedly increased. This behaviour is explained by suggesting that the effects of H2 were to decrease the extent of char-forming reactions and to reduce iron oxides to elemental iron which serves as an excellent hydrogenation catalyst (especially at the longer residence time resulting from a very slow heating rate).
Preparation of highly porous γ-alumina via combustion of biorenewable oil

Highly mesoporous, transparent γ-alumina particulates were successfully prepared through a new method that circumvents drying processes in sol–gel-based synthetic methods. Upon using a biorenewable oil, the new method affords high porosity (80–88%), high surface area (295–375 m2 g−1) γ-alumina products with controlled pore sizes (average pore diameter = 11–21 nm), by achieving rapid solvent removal and calcination simultaneously through a single combustion step. The products were characterized by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, solid-state NMR, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction for morphology and structure identification, ATR-IR spectroscopy for surface chemistry and functional groups, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis for pore properties. The promising results indicate that the new method may be suitable for high-volume production of highly porous metal oxides with aerogel-like pore architectures.
A fast algorithm for half-cyclic convolution

The definition of half-cyclic convolution is introduced. It is shown that the computation for cyclic convolution can be carried out based on the half-cyclic convolution, which is more general. The algorithm for half-cyclic convolution then can be used to build an algorithm for cyclic convolution and the fast Fourier transform (FFT), so that some problems in the algorithms for cyclic convolution and the FFT can be solved. An efficient and well-structured algorithm for half-cyclic convolution has been designed, called the Winograd-like algorithm. >
EVALUATION OF U10MO FUEL PLATE IRRADIATION BEHAVIOR VIA NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BENCHMARKING

This article analyzes dimensional changes due to irradiation of monolithic plate-type nuclear fuel and compares results with finite element analysis of the plates during fabrication and irradiation. Monolithic fuel plates tested in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Lab (INL) are being used to benchmark the performance of proposed fuel for several high power research reactors. Post-irradiation metallographic images of plates sectioned at the mid-plane were analyzed to determine dimensional changes of the fuel and the cladding response. A constitutive model of the fabrication process and irradiation behavior of the tested plates was developed using the general purpose commercial finite element analysis package, ABAQUS. Using calculated burn-up profiles of irradiated plates to model the power distribution and including irradiation behaviors such as swelling and irradiation enhanced creep, model simulations allow analysis of plate parameters that are either impossible or infeasible in an experimental setting. The development and progression of fabrication induced stress concentrations at the plate edges was of primary interest, as these locations have a unique stress profile during irradiation. Additionally, comparison between 2D and 3D models was performed to optimize analysis methodology. In particular, the ability of 2D and 3D models to account for out of plane stresses which result in 3-dimensional creep behavior that is a product of these components. Results show that assumptions made in 2D models for the out-of-plane stresses and strains cannot capture the 3-dimensional physics accurately and thus 2D approximations are not representative. Stress-strain fields are dependent on plate geometry and irradiation conditions, thus, if stress based criteria is used to predict plate behavior (as opposed to material impurities, fine micro-structural defects, or sharp power gradients), unique 3D finite element formulation for each plate is required.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Adhesive strength of marine mussel extracts on porcine skin.

Abstract The adhesive characteristics of marine mussel adhesive extracts were examined. Adhesive protein extracted from mussels (Mytilus edulis) was used to bond porcine skin in an end-to-end joint cured in controlled environments, without the use of chemical cross-linking reagents. The two curing conditions were similar to common surgical environments—“dry” (25°C and 40% relative humidity) and “humid” (37°C and 80% relative humidity). The first condition is similar to that of an external incision while the second is similar to conditions for internal incisions that are not exposed to significant flow of body fluids. Results were compared with performance of the commercial adhesive fibrin. Cyanoacrylate was also examined to validate the testing procedure. The tissue joint strength was ∼1 MPa for mussel extract joints cured for 24 h under “humid” conditions. Under both conditions, joints bonded with mussel extract showed adhesive strengths similar to those bonded with fibrin, for cure times between 12 and 24 h. For shorter cure times (
The effect of surgeon and hospital volume on shoulder arthroplasty perioperative quality metrics

Background There has been a significant increase in both the incidence of shoulder arthroplasty and the number of surgeons performing these procedures. Literature regarding the relationship between surgeon or hospital volume and the performance of modern shoulder arthroplasty is limited. This study examines the effect of surgeon or hospital shoulder arthroplasty volume on perioperative metrics related to shoulder hemiarthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty, and reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Blood loss, length of stay, and operative time were the main endpoints analyzed. Methods Prospective data were analyzed from a multicenter shoulder arthroplasty registry; 1176 primary shoulder arthroplasty cases were analyzed. Correlation and analysis of covariance were used to examine the association between surgeon and hospital volume and perioperative metrics adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Results Surgeon volume is inversely correlated with length of stay for hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty and with blood loss and operative time for all 3 procedures. Hospital volume is inversely correlated with length of stay for hemiarthroplasty, with blood loss for total and reverse shoulder arthroplasty, and with operative time for all 3 procedures. High-volume surgeons performed shoulder arthroplasty 30 to 50 minutes faster than low-volume surgeons did. Conclusions Higher surgeon and hospital case volumes led to improved perioperative metrics with all shoulder arthroplasty procedures, including reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, which has not been previously described in the literature. Surgeon volume had a larger effect on metrics than hospital volume did. This study supports the concept that complex shoulder procedures are, on average, performed more efficiently by higher volume surgeons in higher volume centers.
11-Year Follow-up of Two Gianturco Z Stents Placed in the Airways of an Infant: A Prospective Analysis of Stent Damage

From: Philippe Bugmann, MD, Maurice Beghetti, MD, Michel Berner, MD, Walid Habre, MD, Claude Le Coultre, MD, and Sylviane Hanquinet, MD Clinic of Pediatric Surgery (P.B., C.L.C.), Department of Pediatrics (M.Beghetti, M.Berner), Department of Anesthesiology (W.H.), and Department of Radiology (S.H.) Geneva University Hospital Geneva, Switzerland Address correspondence to P.B., Hopital des Enfants, 6, Rue Willy-Donze, 1211 Geneve 14, Switzerland Editor: The use of expandable Gianturco Z stents for the treatment of tracheobronchial benign or malignant obstruction has gained popularity during the past decade. However, stent disruption and migration have been described, provoking life-threatening hemoptysis or even death. Gathering experience on the long-term tolerance of Gianturco Z stents is of the utmost importance for therapeutic decision-making when planning the implantation of an expandable stent in an airway. We therefore report on an 11-year prospective analysis of the tolerance and damage observed with two Gianturco Z stents placed in the trachea and left main bronchus in a 6-month-old child.