cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between occupational stress and health outcome of employees in business buildings

[Objective]To explore the relationship between occupational stress and health outcome of employees from business buildings,so as to provide scientific evidence for adopting targeted measures for health promotion of employees in business building.[Methods]A total of 1 033 employees from 11 business buildings were selected for investigation about occupational stress,mental and physical health status with questionnaires which included their general characterization,JCQ,GHQ and CES-D scales.The data were statistically analyzed by rank correlation and unconditional logistic regression.[Results] Internal consistency analysis showed that the JCD,GHQ and CES-D scales had high reliability in the investigation.The prevalence rate of high occupational stress was 32.33%.Rank correlation indicated that spearman rank correlation coefficient of occupational stress with GHQ and CES-D was 0.18 and 0.24 respectively,with significant differences(P0.01).Logistic regression showed risk of psychological problem with high occupational stress was 4.5 times of that with low occupational stress(OR=4.46,95% CI=2.36-8.46),and risk of depression with high occupational stress was 3.38 times that with low occupational stress(OR=3.38,95% CI=2.36-4.85).Logistic regression also indicated that high occupational stress was risk factor to hypertension and coronary heart disease(OR=2.506,95%CI=1.017-6.176).Hypertension risk of people with aggressive work was 2.5 times of people with low occupational stress(OR=2.506,95%CI=1.017-6.176),and the risk of coronary heart disease of people with aggressive work was 11 times of people with low occupational stress(OR=11.282,95%CI=1.268-100.370).[Conclusion]High occupational stress was an important factor not only resulting in high risk of psychological problem and depression tendency,but also leading to hypertension and coronary heart disease among employees in business buildings.The occupational stress should be considered into health promotion program for white-collar workers in business buildings.Measures should be taken on the individual level and on organizational level to reduce occupational stress so as to achieve the goals of improving physical and mental health of employees.
Social Informatics: Mapping and Visualizing an Emerging Domain

Social informatics is an emerging domain within the field of information studies that investigates the interrelationship between society and technology. The objective of this study is to identify whether social informatics’ published literature conforms to the assumptions believed about domain coherence. L’informatique sociale est un domaine emergent de la famille des sciences de l’information, qui s’interesse aux relations entre la societe et la technologie L’objectif de cette etude est de determiner si la litterature publiee en informatique sociale se conforme aux attentes par rapport a un domaine organise et coherent.
An intensive smoking cessation intervention reduced mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease

Source Citation Mohiuddin SM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, et al. Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease. Chest. 2007;131:446-52. 17296646
Cochlear Outer-Hair-Cell Power Generation and Viscous Fluid Loss

Since the discovery of otoacoustic emissions and outer hair cell (OHC) motility, the fundamental question of whether the cochlea produces mechanical power remains controversial. In the present work, direct calculations are performed on power loss due to fluid viscosity and power generated by the OHCs. A three-dimensional box model of the mouse cochlea is used with a feed-forward/feed-backward approximation representing the organ of Corti cytoarchitecture. The model is fit to in vivo basilar membrane motion with one free parameter for the OHCs. The calculations predict that the total power output from the three rows of OHCs can be over three orders of magnitude greater than the acoustic input power at 10 dB sound pressure level (SPL). While previous work shows that the power gain, or the negative damping, diminishes with intensity, we show explicitly based on our model that OHC power output increases and saturates with SPL. The total OHC power output is about 2 pW at 80 dB SPL, with a maximum of about 10 fW per OHC.
Alcohol Use after Liver Transplantation is Independent of Liver Disease Etiology.

Aim To assess alcohol use after liver transplantation (LT) and compare liver transplant recipients for alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with recipients for non-ALD causes. Methods National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases liver transplant database stratified to ALD and non-ALD causes. Results Among 488 LT recipients reporting pre-transplant alcohol use (147 ALD), proportion of LT recipients reporting alcohol use was similar comparing ALD and non-ALD transplants (25.4% vs. 27.2%; P = 0.56). Among ALD transplants, of 31 with alcohol use, 23 (74%) relapsed at ≥2 year, 25 (80%) reported intermittent drinking and 4 (13%) reported heavy drinking. Among Non-ALD recipients, alcohol use was equally distributed to within 2, 2–5 and after 5 years of LT with 82% reporting intermittent drinking and 9% heavy drinking. Patients with pre-transplant drinking of >20 years and abstinence duration of 20 years and abstinence of >2 years, 2.56 [95% CI: 1.41–4.67]. Etiology (ALD vs. non-ALD) did not predict post-transplant alcohol use. Of 139 ALD patients with follow-up biopsy data, 13 (7 with post-transplant alcohol use) had steatohepatitis. Histology on 319 non-ALD recipients showed recurrent disease in 91, none due to alcohol. Overall survival was similar between drinkers and abstainers (71% vs. 66%; P = 0.35). Recurrent ALD was cause of death in one ALD and none of non-ALD patients. Conclusion Alcohol use after LT is independent of LT indication. Patients with non-ALD etiology should be carefully screened for alcohol use prior to LT to identify those at risk for post-LT alcohol use.
Absence of endonuclease activation during acute cell death in renal proximal tubules

The role of endonuclease and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in various types of cell injuries and death to rabbit renal proximal tubule suspensions was examined. Proximal tubules were exposed to the mitochondrial inhibitor antimycin A (0.1 microM), the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP, 1 microM), the calcium ionophore ionomycin (5 microM), or the oxidant t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP, 0.5 mM) in the absence or presence of the endonuclease inhibitor aurintricarboxylic acid or the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used as a marker of cell death and analysis of genomic DNA for internucleosomal cleavage was used as a marker of endonuclease activation. Aurintricarboxylic acid and 3-aminobenzamide had no effect on the proximal tubule LDH release produced by 1 h exposure to antimycin A, FCCP, or ionomycin, or 2 h exposure to TBHP. Furthermore, there was no evidence of DNA fragmentation with any compound prior to or after cell death began. As a positive control, proximal tubules exposed to digitonin in the absence of metabolic substrates resulted in the chelator-inhibitable fragmentation of DNA, indicating that the endonuclease is present in proximal tubules. These results show that endonuclease activation did not occur prior to or after cell death began. Furthermore, these results suggest that endonuclease and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation do not play a role in this model of acute renal proximal tubule cell injury and death induced by agents that cause oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or increases in cytosolic free calcium.
The impacts of inverter-like transitions on AC TDDB in a fast switching logic circuit

TDDB of High-k/metal gate (HK/MG) based NMOS in 16nm FinFET technology has been evaluated. In this paper, we investigated the impacts of channel current during transient and V gd assisted recovery during off-state half cycle on TDDB lifetime and voltage acceleration factor (VAF). A 64-DUT array with AC signals on both gate and drain was constructed to make each DUT have inverter-like transitions. Data was also compared between device array and ring oscillators (RO) to inspect the integral influence of oxide breakdown on logic circuit. Results show a) frequency dependence exists regardless DC [1–2] or AC signal applied to drain, b) with the presence of HCI, inverter-like stress still lengthen TDDB lifetime, and c) V, shift due to AC BTI effects should be considered together with AC TDDB in a fast switching logic circuit.
Unusual Case of an Alcoholic with Liver Injury from Sulfasalazine Use

A 57-year-old male with a history of alcoholism presented to the emergency room with abdominal pain, jaundice, transaminitis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Due to the history of alcoholism, it was initially presumed that the patient had alcoholic hepatitis but further investigation revealed that he was recently started on sulfasalazine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Upon cessation of the drug, the patient's liver function tests significantly improved over a few days and eventually normalized within weeks. This case was interesting as the patient's history of alcoholism disguised the actual diagnosis. Furthermore, the late presentation of sulfasalazine-induced liver injury is uncommon as it commonly presents 2-4 weeks after initiation of therapy.
Electron mean free path dependence of the vortex surface impedance

In the present study the radio-frequency complex response of trapped vortices in superconductors is calculated and compared to experimental data previously published. The motion equation for a magnetic flux line is solved assuming a bi-dimensional and mean-free-path-dependent Lorentzian-shaped pinning potential. The resulting surface resistance shows the unprecedented bell-shaped trend as a function of the mean-free-path observed in our previous experimental work. We demonstrate that such bell-shaped trend of the surface resistance as a function of the mean-free-path may be described as the interplay of the two limiting regimes of the surface resistance, for low and large mean-free-path values: pinning and flux-flow regimes respectively. Since the possibility of defining the pinning potential at different locations from the surface and with different strengths, we discuss how the surface resistance is affected by different configurations of pinning sites. By tackling the frequency dependence of the surface resistance, we also demonstrate that the separation between pinning- and flux-flow-dominated regimes cannot be determined only by the depinning frequency. The dissipation regime can be tuned either by acting on the frequency or on the mean-free-path value.
Wearable wireless User Interface Cursor-Controller (UIC-C)

Controlling a computer or a smartphone's cursor allows the user to access a world full of information. For millions of people with limited upper extremities motor function, controlling the cursor becomes profoundly difficult. Our team has developed the User Interface Cursor-Controller (UIC-C) to assist the impaired individuals in regaining control over the cursor. The UIC-C is a hands-free device that utilizes the tongue muscle to control the cursor movements. The entire device is housed inside a subject specific retainer. The user maneuvers the cursor by manipulating a joystick imbedded inside the retainer via their tongue. The joystick movement commands are sent to an electronic device via a Bluetooth connection. The device is readily recognizable as a cursor controller by any Bluetooth enabled electronic device. The device testing results have shown that the time it takes the user to control the cursor accurately via the UIC-C is about three times longer than a standard computer mouse controlled via the hand. The device does not require any permanent modifications to the body; therefore, it could be used during the period of acute rehabilitation of the hands. With the development of modern smart homes, and enhancement electronics controlled by the computer, UIC-C could be integrated into a system that enables individuals with permanent impairment, the ability to control the cursor. In conclusion, the UIC-C device is designed with the goal of allowing the user to accurately control a cursor during the periods of either acute or permanent upper extremities impairment.
World Energy Issues: An Inquiry-Based Lesson Using ArcGIS Online.

Target Audience: High SchoolActivity: Students: Students work with web-based maps to understand fossil fuel dependency and growing energy demand.Time: 45 minutesC3 Framework Standards • D2.Geo.1.9-...
Die Alte und die Neue Philosophie: Ein Vergleich

In diesem Kapitel mochte ich die philosophischen Resultate, die aus der Analyse der Wissenschaften herausgewachsen sind, zusammenfassen und sie mit den Weltanschauungen vergleichen, die in den spekulativen philosophischen Systemen entwickelt worden sind.
Racial disparities in outcomes for high-grade uterine cancer: A California cancer registry study.

BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy. We examined factors affecting overall prognosis and survival among different racial groups diagnosed with high-grade EC. METHODS We utilized the California Cancer Registry database (CCR) to identify women with high-grade II EC from 1998 to 2009. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, we described disease-specific survival. Survival by stage, race, and time to treatment category was compared using the log-rank test. The associations of race with disease-specific survival were modeled using Cox proportional hazards regression. Covariates were selected a priori. RESULTS A total of 10 647 patients met study eligibility criteria. The majority of patients in this cohort of high-grade EC were non-Hispanic (NH) white (64.1%), followed by Hispanic (15.7%), Asian (10.4%), and NH black (9.8%). NH black women had higher incidence of certain aggressive histologic subtypes in comparison with NH whites, including serous carcinomas and carcinosarcoma. Non-Hispanic black patients had a worse 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) when compared to other racial groups. The five-year DSS for NH black women was 54% (51%-57%), compared to NH white women 66% (65%-67%), Hispanic 67% (64%-69%), and Asians 69% (67%-72%) (P < 0.0001). This clear survival disadvantage of NH black women persisted when controlling for other factors. CONCLUSIONS Non-Hispanic black women have a higher incidence of more aggressive histologic subtypes even among a cohort of women high-grade EC and have a disproportionately worse disease-specific survival after controlling for factors such as age, histologic subtype, stage, time to treatment, and type of treatment.
Use of Clomiphene Citrate in minimal stimulation in vitro fertilization negatively impacts endometrial thickness: an argument for a freeze-all approach.

OBJECTIVE Minimal stimulation IVF is a treatment option that uses clomiphene citrate (CC). We sought to evaluate how CC impacts endometrial thickness during minimal stimulation IVF cycles. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 230 cycles in 119 poor ovarian response patients. The IVF cycles were studied in three groups: 130 minimal stimulation cycles, 29 mild stimulation cycles, and 30 conventional high dose gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist cycles. Thirty-three minimal stimulation IVF patients had 41 frozen embryo transfers (FET) which allowed us to study whether the CC effects were prolonged. RESULTS Endometrial thickness in the minimal stimulation group was significantly lower than the mild and conventional stimulation groups (7.3±2.2mm versus 11.4±3.3mm versus 12.9±3.8mm, respectively, p<0.0001). In patients who underwent minimal stimulation IVF followed by FET, significantly thicker endometrial thickness was achieved during their FET cycles as compared to their minimal stimulation cycles (7.95±2.1mm versus 10.3±1.8mm, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION We concluded that endometrial thickness is impacted during minimal stimulation IVF cycles. Since negative effects on endometrial thickness are not observed in the patients' subsequent FET cycle, a freeze-all approach is justified to mitigate adverse endometrial effects of CC in minimal stimulation IVF cycles.
Disease Progression in Huntington Disease: An Analysis of Multiple Longitudinal Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Critical to discovering targeted therapies for Huntington disease (HD) are validated methods that more precisely predict when clinical outcomes occur for different patient profiles. OBJECTIVE To more precisely predict the probability of when motor diagnosis (diagnostic confidence level 4) on the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS), cognitive impairment (two or more neuropsychological scores on the UHDRS were 1.5 standard deviations below normative means) and Stage II Total Functional Capacity (TFC) first occur by accounting for dependencies between these outcomes. METHODS Adult premanifest participants with ≥36 CAG repeats were selected from multi-center, longitudinal, observational studies: Prospective Huntington At Risk Observational Study (PHAROS, n = 346), Neurobiological Predictors of Huntington Disease (PREDICT, n = 909); and Cooperative Huntington Observational Research Trial (COHORT, n = 430). Probabilities were estimated for each study, and pooled using the Joint Progression of Risk Assessment Tool (JPRAT) which accounts for dependencies between outcomes. RESULTS All studies had similar probabilities of when motor diagnosis, cognitive impairment, and Stage II TFC first occurred. Probability estimates from JPRAT were 43% less variable than from models that ignored dependencies between outcomes. The probability of experiencing motor-diagnosis, cognitive impairment, and Stage II TFC within 5 years was 10%, 18%, and 7%, respectively for 45-year-olds with 42 CAG repeats, and was 4%, 10% and 5%, respectively, for 40 year olds with 42 CAG repeats. CONCLUSIONS Improved predictions from JPRAT may benefit treatment studies of rare diseases and is an alternative to composite outcomes when the objective is interpreting individual outcomes within the same model.
Closed forms for numerical loops

This paper investigates the problem of reasoning about non-linear behavior of simple numerical loops. Our approach builds on classical techniques for analyzing the behavior of linear dynamical systems. It is well-known that a closed-form representation of the behavior of a linear dynamical system can always be expressed using algebraic numbers, but this approach can create formulas that present an obstacle for automated-reasoning tools. This paper characterizes when linear loops have closed forms in simpler theories that are more amenable to automated reasoning. The algorithms for computing closed forms described in the paper avoid the use of algebraic numbers, and produce closed forms expressed using polynomials and exponentials over rational numbers. We show that the logic for expressing closed forms is decidable, yielding decision procedures for verifying safety and termination of a class of numerical loops over rational numbers. We also show that the procedure for computing closed forms for this class of numerical loops can be used to over-approximate the behavior of arbitrary numerical programs (with unrestricted control flow, non-deterministic assignments, and recursive procedures).
Face Recognition Human–Machine Comparison Under Heavy Lighting

We demonstrate the performance of the Fisherface method for face recognition compared to human eye and simple Eigenface method. These methods do not involve many adjustable parameters. Images undergo the principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The goal of the work is a detailed comparison of the rates of false recognition between the computer vision methods and human perception. We find that humans show more flexibility and perform perfectly on easy tasks, whereas on tasks that are impossible to humans, Fisherface method also fails.
Reality, Phenomena, and Atomicity after Bohr

This article reconsiders the three concepts stated in its title—reality, phenomena, and atomicity—in terms of the concept of “reality without realism,” which follows and in part radicalizes Bohr’s view of quantum reality. It also addresses the work of A. N. Whitehead and H. Stapp from this perspective.
P163 Enhancing Family Mealtime Environments and Routines Among Mexican Immigrant Families Through Abriendo Caminos

Background Shared family mealtimes (SFM) promotes family stability and health. Planning family meals ahead of time, identifying roles, flexibility during transitions and stressful situations, and effective communication are related to reduced obesity risk among youth (Jacobs and Fiese 2007), and improved diet quality (Boutelle, Birnbaum et al. 2003). Enhancing the organization of SFMs among families is a focus of Abriendo Caminos, an extension education program. Objective To examine family mealtime routines among Mexican immigrant families before and after participation in Abriendo Caminos. Study Design, Settings, Participants Data were collected from Mexican immigrant parents (N = 55) who had atleast one child 6-18 years old in a Midwestern state who participated in Abriendo Caminos (AC) during 2017. About half of the families were randomly assigned to the control group and received printed materials related to topics (e.g., nutrition, family routines, physical activity) addressed in AC, and half were assigned to the intervention group and participated in six AC workshops. Data were collected from both groups before the program (T1) and six months later (T2). The Family Routines Questionnaire (FRQ), a sub scale of the Family Ritual Questionnaire (Fiese, Hammons et al. 2012) was used to assess changes between T1 and T2. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Descriptive analyses and mean scores were calculated across T1 and T2 to identify changes in family mealtime routines by group using SPSS 24. Results While at T1 there was no significant difference by group in participants’ family mealtime routine scores (control group, 2.32; intervention group, 2.30), there was a significant difference at T2 (P Conclusion The AC program had positive impacts on family mealtime routines which, in turn, is associated with reduced obesity risk. Combining data from future AC programs can help to further assess the effectiveness of the program in strengthening family mealtime routines among Mexican immigrant families. Funding Iowa State University.
School-Based Interventions

In this chapter, we provide a brief history of school-based interventions, the connection between mental health and academics, and the provision of school-based mental health services, with a specific focus on immigrant youth. Immigrant youth within the US school system are described, as well as considerations in delivering mental health services to them within the school context. Various approaches to interventions (i.e., universal, selected, and indicated) are reviewed. Case examples of interventions with good outcomes and effectiveness are showcased and professionals within a school system potentially involved in service provision are highlighted. Evaluation and sustainability of school-based mental health interventions are also discussed.
A contemporary analysis of racial disparities in recommended and received treatment for head and neck cancer

BACKGROUND Racial disparities in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) negatively affect non-Hispanic black (NHB) patients. This study was aimed at understanding how treatment is prescribed and received across all HNSCC subsites. METHODS With the National Cancer Database, patients from 2004 to 2014 with surgically resectable HNSCCs, including tumors of the oral cavity (OC), oropharynx (OP), hypopharynx (HP), and larynx (LX), were studied. The treatment received was either upfront surgery or nonsurgical treatment. Treatment patterns were compared according to race and subsite, and how these differences changed over time was evaluated. RESULTS NHB patients were less likely than non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients to receive surgery across all subsites (relative risk [RR] for OC, 0.87; RR for OP, 0.75; RR for HP, 0.73; RR for LX, 0.87; all P values <.05). They were also more likely to refuse a recommended surgery (RR for OC, 1.50; RR for OP, 1.23; RR for HP, 1.23; RR for LX, 1.34), and this difference was significant except for HP. NHB patients were more likely to not be offered surgery across all subsites (RR for OC, 1.38; RR for OP, 1.07; RR for HP, 1.05; RR for LX, 1.03; all P values <.05). Rates of surgery increased and rates of not being offered surgery declined for both NHB and NHW patients from 2004 to 2014, but the absolute disparities persisted in 2014. CONCLUSIONS Across all HNSCC subsites, NHB patients were less likely than NHW patients to be recommended for and receive surgery and were more likely to refuse surgery. These differences have closed over time but persist. Enhanced shared decision making may improve these disparities.
Thematic Apperception Test

Since first being introduced over 60 years ago, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) has remained an important instrument in clinical training, testing, and personality research. Among projective tests, it is often cited as the second-most-widely used in clinical practice, behind only the Rorschach Inkblot Test. Time has tempered its developer’s original claim that the test provides an “X-ray” of the “inner self.” Instead, contemporary proponents of the TAT tend to make more circumscribed claims, asserting its utility and validity in assessing specific aspects of a person’s personality and inner experience. These include core psychological conflicts, defenses, self-concept, and the expectations that guide behavior in interpersonal relationships.
Role of sheared E × B flow in self-organized, improved confinement states in magnetized plasmas

A major scientific success story of magnetic fusion research in the past several decades has been the theoretical development and experimental testing of the process of turbulence decorrelation and stabilization by sheared E × B flow, which shows that E × B shear effects are ubiquitous in magnetized plasmas. This concept of turbulence decorrelation and stabilization has the universality needed to explain the H-mode edge transport barriers seen in limiter and divertor tokamaks, stellarators, and mirror machines; the broader edge transport barrier seen in VH-mode plasmas; and the core transport barriers formed in tokamaks. Similar effects are seen in linear devices. These examples of confinement improvement are of considerable physical interest; it is not often that a system self-organizes to reduce transport when an additional source of free energy is applied to it. The transport decrease associated with E × B velocity shear is also of great practical benefit to fusion research, since it contributed to substantially increased fusion yield in all DT magnetic fusion experiments conducted to date. The fundamental physics involved in transport reduction is the effect of E × B shear on the growth, radial extent, and phase correlation of turbulent eddies in the plasma. The same basic transport reduction process can be operational in various portions of the plasma because there are a number of ways to change the radial electric field Er. An important secondary theme in this area is the synergistic effect of E × B velocity shear and magnetic shear. Although the E × B velocity shear appears to have an effect on broader classes of microturbulence, magnetic shear can mitigate some potentially harmful effects of E × B velocity shear and facilitate turbulence stabilization. Our present understanding in this area is the result of a multi-decade, intertwined effort in theory, modeling, and diagnostic development combined with continuing experimental investigations. These experiments have clearly demonstrated that increased E × B shear causes reductions in turbulence and transport. The experimental results are generally consistent with the basic theoretical models although considerable work remains to be done before we have a fully predictive theory of transport in magnetized plasmas including E × B shear effects.
Changes in compositions of galactolipids, triacylglycerols, and tocopherols of lettuce varieties (Lactuca sativa L.) with type, age, and light source

Abstract The compositions of molecular species of structural lipids and storage lipids of two types of lettuce leaves, romaine (green leaf) and Lolla Rossa (red leaf), are reported. Lettuce was harvested at two ages, three weeks (microgreens) and eight weeks (mature), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Samples grown under natural light in a greenhouse were compared to those grown under grow lights. Compositions of molecular species of galactolipids (GALs), which are structural lipids, and triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs), which are storage lipids, were examined relative to type (cultivar), age, and light source. GALs were most abundant, and the predominant molecular species were dilinolenoyl-monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (LnLn-MGDG) and dilinolenoyl-digalactosyldiacylglycerol (LnLn-DGDG), averaging 53.6 ± 1.4 % and 33.7 ± 2.3 % of galactolipids, respectively. TAGs containing linolenic acid (Ln) increased from three to eight weeks, especially LnLnL, LLLn, PLLn (P is palmitic acid and L is linoleic acid), and LnLnLn, with corresponding decreases in TAGs containing mostly linoleic acid, especially LLL, LLP, and LLO (O is oleic acid). α-Tocopherol started at similar levels in both varieties of greenhouse-grown lettuce, and it approximately tripled in Lolla Rossa, from 3.4 ± 0.3 μg/g to 9.9 ± 0.7 μg/g, by two LED lighting treatments.
Extracellular vesicle interplay in cardiovascular pathophysiology.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles released from cells that mediate intercellular communications and play a pivotal role in various physiological and patho...
Engineered Cyclotides with Potent Broad in Vitro and in Vivo Antimicrobial Activity

The search for novel antimicrobial agents to combat microbial pathogens is intensifying in response to the rapid development of drug resistance to current antibiotic therapeutics. Respiratory failure and septicemia are the leading causes of mortality among hospitalized patients. Here, the development of a novel engineered cyclotide with effective broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against several ESKAPE bacterial strains and clinical isolates is reported. The most active antibacterial cyclotide was extremely stable in serum, showed little hemolytic activity, and provided protection in vivo in a murine model of P. aeruginosa peritonitis. These results highlight the potential of the cyclotide scaffold for the development of novel antimicrobial therapeutic leads for the treatment of bacteremia.
Research Topics and Perspectives on Latin America in American Political Science (Temas De Investigación y Perspectivas De La Ciencia Política Latinoamericanista En Estados Unidos)

This paper analyzes the professional structure of political science in the US, emphasizing the challenges that this model poses for Latin American Studies. The first section discusses the general process of institutionalization of political science as a discipline, comparing two poles - a weakly institutionalized and a highly institutionalized discipline - as ideal-types. The second part identifies five professional norms that regulate research on Latin America in the context of US political science. The trends are illustrated with evidence from 247 articles published in the most prestigious journals between 1995 and 2009. The third section elaborates on the lessons drawn from the US experience in order to promote an academic perspective that learns from the advantages of the US model while minimizing its disadvantages. [In Spanish] Este ensayo analiza la estructuracion profesional de la ciencia politica en los Estados Unidos, enfatizando los desafios que este modelo presenta para los estudios latinoamericanistas. En la primera seccion se conceptualiza el proceso institucionalizacion de la ciencia politica en forma generica, articulando los polos de este proceso - la ciencia politica poco institucionalizada y altamente institucionalizada - como dos tipos ideales. En la segunda parte se identifican cinco normas profesionales que regulan la produccion de investigacion sobre America Latina en el marco de la ciencia politica estadounidense. Con el fin de ilustrar estas tendencias, se presenta evidencia sobre 247 articulos publicados en las revistas mas prestigiosas de la disciplina entre 1995 y 2009. En la tercera seccion se extraen algunas lecciones a partir de la experiencia en los Estados Unidos con el fin de impulsar un proyecto academico que aproveche las ventajas del modelo estadounidense minimizando al mismo tiempo sus desventajas.
Serendipitous Discovery of a Broad Absorption Line QSO at z = 2.169*

We report the serendipitous discovery of a broad absorption line (BAL) QSO at z = 2.169, located 41'' southwest of 3C 48. We present Keck Low Resolution Imaging Spectrometer spectroscopy covering rest-frame wavelengths 1500–2300 A. The C IV BAL has three components, and it extends to outflow velocities of at least 12,000 km s-1. The BAL QSO has an intervening low-ionization metal-line absorption system at z = 1.667, which is likely to be a damped Lyα absorber. Hubble Space Telescope images show extended luminous material around the QSO, which could be either the host galaxy or the intervening system.
Calculations of pore size distributions in nanoporous materials from adsorption and desorption isotherms

Abstract The recently developed density functional theory method for pore size distribution analysis from nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms is extended to materials with pores ranging from 2 to 100 nm. The method is based on the nonlocal density functional theory (NLDFT) of capillary condensation hysteresis in cylindrical pores. It is shown that NLDFT correctly predicts both the adsorption and desorption branches of the hysteretic isotherms in materials with cylindrical pores wider than ca. 5 nm. For pores larger than ca. 6 nm, the NLDFT results agree well with the thermodynamic theory of Derjaguin-Broekhoff-de Boer. When pore-blocking (networking) effects are insignificant, both branches of the experimental isotherm produce identical pore size distributions. The NLDFT method is validated against literature data on capillary condensation in MCM-41 type materials with pores from 5 to 10 nm.
Classification of a Class of Counting Problems Using Holographic Reductions

The purpose of this work is to prove a generalization of the dichotomy theorem from [6], extending that result to a larger class of counting problems. This is achieved through the use of interpolation and holographic reductions. We also use holographic reductions to establish a close connection between a class of problems which are solvable using Fibonacci gates and the class of problems which can be solved by applying a particular kind of counting argument.
High scratch and etch resistance by optimized cross-linking chemistry and density

Target of development in the field of modern automotive clear coats is the combination of high etch and high scratch resistance. For high etch resistance the cross-linking chemistry is the key factor. The property scratch resistance is mainly influenced by the cross-linking density and the flexibility of chains between netpoints. By combining these parameters high etch and scratch resistant clear coats can be formulated. As a representative example an optimized clear coat based on epoxylacid cross-linking chemistry is discussed. The ways to achieve high cross-linking density are shown.
Initiation of sulfonylureas versus metformin is associated with higher blood pressure at one year.

Purpose To determine if incident oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) use was associated with 12-month systolic blood pressure (BP) and if this was mediated through body mass index (BMI) changes. Methods A retrospective cohort of veterans with hypertension who initiated metformin (n = 2057) or sulfonylurea (n = 1494) between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2007 in the Veterans Administration Mid-South Network was assembled. Patients were included if they had complete covariates, including 12-month BP and BMI, and persisted on therapy for 12 months. Linear regression was conducted to investigate the effect of OADs on 12-month systolic BP adjusting for demographics, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine, BMI, health care utilization, and comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). A second analysis examined if these effects were mediated by BMI change. The secondary outcome was the proportion of patients who had a controlled BP (≤140/90 mmHg) at 12 months adjusted for baseline BP and covariates. Results Patients were white (82%) males (97%) with median age of 64 years (interquartile range [IQR] 57, 72), and 27% had history of CVD. Sulfonylurea users had a 1.33 mmHg (0.16, 2.50, p = 0.03) higher 12-month systolic BP than metformin users. The median change in BMI from OAD initiation to 12 months was −0.76 (IQR −1.78, 0.07) and 0.21 (IQR −0.57, 1.03) among metformin and sulfonylurea users, respectively. In a model adjusting for BMI change, the difference in 12-month systolic BP between sulfonylurea and metformin users became insignificant (0.23 (−1.00, 1.45), p = 0.72), while one BMI unit change was associated with an increase in 12-month systolic BP of 1.07 mmHg (0.74, 1.40, p < 0.0001). At 12 months, 68.3% of metformin patients had controlled BP versus 64.2% of sulfonylurea patients (p = 0.01). Conclusions Compared with metformin, sulfonylurea initiation was associated with increased systolic BP at 12 months, which appears to be mediated by the differential effects of these drugs on BMI. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of vitamin D and intestinal phytase in the prevention of rickets in rats on cereal diets.

Abstract A study with rats of the role played by vitamin D in overcoming the rachitogenic properties of high-Ca phytic acid containing diets has shown that phytic acid in a low-Ca cereal ration was hydrolyzed almost completely even when vitamin D was absent. On the other hand, when the Ca content of the ration was increased, the hydrolysis of phytate was decreased. Under these conditions the addition of vitamin D increased the hydrolysis. The phytase and alkaline phosphatase activity of fecal and intestinal extracts from rats, whether they were fed cereal or noncereal, rachitogenic or nonrachitogenic rations, was always increased when vitamin D was given. However, no consistent correlation in a quantitative sense was found between the degree of hydrolysis of dietary phytate and enzyme activity, nor with the severity of rickets. The increased hydrolysis of phytic acid which is effected by the addition of vitamin D to high-Ca cereal diets did not liberate sufficient P in the inorganic form to account by itself for the prevention of rickets. Although less phytate was hydrolyzed by rachitic rats, the inorganic P in the feces was increased due to a decrease in its absorption. It therefore appears that the antirachitic action of vitamin D with cereal diets is due primarily to an improved utilization of inorganic P.
Undocumented Mexican immigrants and the earnings of other workers in the United States

This article examines the effects of undocumented Mexican immigrants on the earnings of other workers in geographical labor markets in the Southwest. The number of undocumented Mexicans included in the 1980 census in southwestern SMSAs is estimated. We then estimate the parameters of three specifications of a generalized Leontief production function with various demographic groups as substitutable factors. The statistically significant effects of undocumented Mexicans on the earnings of other groups are positive, but of slight magnitude. Legal immigrants’ effects on native white earnings, however, are small and negative. The results are consistent with the possibility that undocumented Mexican immigrants’ jobs complement those of other workers. The implications for public policy concerns about the effects of illegal Mexican immigration are discussed.
The reliability of a novel magnetic resonance compatible electro-pneumatic device for delivering a painful pressure stimulus over the lumbar spine.

AbstractBackground: Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is a significant public health problem in the USA. The complexity of CLBP necessitates an assessment tool that can objectively evaluate the aspects of CLBP that lead to disability. Here we present a novel means by which to provide pressure stimuli to the lumbar spine through the use of an electro-pneumatic circuit that can be used in conjunction with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology to assess the cortical activity changes associated with CLBP.Methods: A test–retest experimental design was used to objectively quantify pressure pain sensitivity of the lumbar spine. Sensitivity was investigated through the identification of pressure pain thresholds of the lumbar spine using a multiple random staircase method (5-s stimuli) and continuous pain intensity rating (25-s stimuli).Results: Data presented here were consistent and reliable from day to day with an interclass-correlation coefficient (ICC) value of 0.913 for threshold values overal...
The Reliability and Validity of the Cognitive Levels Test (CLT) for Preschool Children.

The present study used a sample of thirty-two preschool children to evaluate the temporal stability and the concurrent validity of the Cognitive Levels Test (Algozzine, Eaves, Mann & Vance, 1988), which was recently developed as a cognitive assessment tool. The Stanford-Binet: Fourth Edition (SB:FE) (Thorndike, Hagen & Sattler, 1986) was used as the criterion instrument for the concurrent validity study. The results indicated good temporal stability for the CLT-Cognitive Index. In addition, high and significant correlations between the SB:FE and the CLT-Cognitive Index were found within the sample.
Lifespan engagement and the question of relevance: challenges for music education research in the twenty-first century

The scope of music education research has expanded significantly over the last 50 years. Nevertheless, many studies remain atomistic, with limited contexts for questions, methods, findings and implications. Such approaches may seek to validate instructional strategies within an established music education system, rather than developing a continuum of questions, perspectives and dynamic principles and applications that radically challenge existing assumptions. Ironically, attempts at more holistic research may offer innocuous description of observed phenomena, thus bypassing the rigorous analysis that could help advance current practice. In a global society, music engagement and learning are studied across cultures, ages, and ranges of opportunities. This context demands a robust and catalytic research approach, one in which inquiry logically derives from the ways in which systematic music education – across the full gamut of learner characteristics and settings – may embrace a fundamental human intrigue w...
Vortex renormalization in three space dimensions.

A three-dimensional heuristic renormalization-group theory for vortex filaments in three space dimensions is developed. It is based on a low-fugacity assumption and follows a methodology inspired by the Kosterlitz-Thouless analysis in two dimensions and its extension to three dimensions by Williams and Shenoy. The results agree with recent numerical and theoretical analyses of sparse vortex systems and, in a certain inconsistent simplification, reproduce the Williams smooth vortex theory and a form of its ``fractal`` extension by Shenoy. It is also shown that this theory is incomplete in its present form, pending an accounting for the dense vortex systems that arise at the transition. Nevertheless, the theory provides a check on other work and constitutes a potentially useful computational tool.
How the proteome packages the genome for cardiovascular development

The devastating impact of congenital heart defects has made mechanisms of vertebrate heart and vascular development an active area of study. Because myocyte death is a common feature of acquired cardiovascular diseases and the adult heart does not regenerate, the need exists to understand whether features of the developing heart and vasculature—which are more plastic—can be exploited therapeutically in the disease setting. We know that a core network of transcription factors governs commitment to the cardiovascular lineage, and recent studies using genetic loss-of-function approaches and unbiased genomic studies have revealed the role for various chromatin modulatory events. We reason that chromatin structure itself is a causal feature that influences transcriptome complexity along a developmental continuum, and the purpose of this article is to highlight the areas in which ‘omics technologies have the potential to reveal new principles of phenotypic plasticity in development. We review the major mechanisms of chromatin structural regulation, highlighting what is known about their actions to control cardiovascular differentiation. We discuss emergent mechanisms of regulation that have been identified on the basis of genomic and proteomic studies of cardiac nuclei and identify current challenges to an integrated understanding of chromatin structure and cardiovascular phenotype.
Development Of Model P-302 Beryllium Rotating Mirror Component In High Speed Streak Camera

This paper depicts the development and test of Model P-302 Beryllium Rotating Mirror Component used in Model WPG-30 or Model SJZ-15 Streak Camera. The mirror body is made of Hot lsostatic Pressing (HIP) Beryllium. The mirror reflective surface is made by replica film method and consists of 0.1 wave-length flatness beryllium substrate with an aluminum overcoating. Its reflectance is 83%. The cavity of the rotating mirror is not vacuumized. The rotor is strictly adjusted with the dynamic balance method. The turbine is driven by compressive-air and the maximum rotating speed in test is 5,833 rps. The size of the mirror body is 22.5X25 mmX8 mm (rotating diameter is 22.5 mm). Under examination of dynamic performance its writing rate is 15 km/s, the time resolution is 1.4 ns (0.01 mm slit width), the dynamic resolution in scanning direction is 28 line pairs/mm and the effective aperture at film is 1/10.6. The results for detonation experiments indicated that when its rotating speed was 5,000rps, the image density was suitable for measurement while using 36 DIN film. And the results also showed that the precision of measurement have been greatly improved as compared with the steel rotating mirror used before.
Equation of motion with gravitational radiation

A new approach to gravitational radiation reaction is developed which is generalized from a successful solution to the electrodynamic problem in Minkowski spacetime.