cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Error rate on the antisaccade task: heritability and developmental change in performance among preadolescent and late-adolescent female twin youth.

We examined heritability of error rate on the antisaccade task among female twin youths. This task appears to be sensitive to prefrontal functioning, providing a measure of individual differences in inhibitory control associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 674 11-year-olds and 616 17-year-olds, comprising the two cohorts of female twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a population-based investigation of substance abuse and related psychopathology. We used biometric model-fitting methods to determine the relative magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on performance. In both age cohorts, the best fitting model contained additive genes and nonshared environment. Despite substantial age-related differences in mean performance levels (effect size = .81), additive genes accounted for greater than half the variance in performance in both age cohorts. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that antisaccade error rate might serve as an endophenotype for behavior disorders reflecting frontal lobe dysfunction or problems with inhibitory control.
Balanced and Unbalanced Circulations in a Primitive Equation Simulation of a Midlatitude MCC. Part I: The Numerical Simulation

Abstract A midlatitude mesoscale convective complex (MCC), which occurred over the central United States on 23–24 June 1985, was simulated using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). The multiply nested-grid simulation agreed reasonably well with surface, upper-air, and satellite observations and ground-based radar plots. The simulated MCC had a typical structure consisting of a leading line of vigorous convection and a trailing region of less intense stratiform rainfall. Several other characteristic MCC circulations were also simulated: a divergent cold pool in the lower troposphere, midlevel convergence coupled with a relatively cool descending rear-inflow jet, and relatively warm updraft structure, and a cold divergent anticyclone in the tropopause region. Early in the MCC simulation, a mesoscale convectively induced vortex (MCV) formed on the eastern edge of the convective line. While frequently associated with MCCs and other mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), MCVs are more typically repo...
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura Nephritis: Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Strategy

Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis is a rare kidney disease leading to chronic kidney disease in a non-negligible percentage of patients. Although retrospective studies suggest beneficial effects of some therapies, prospective randomized clinical trials proving treatment efficacy are still lacking. The dilemma of spontaneous recovery even in patients with severe clinical and histologic presentation and of late evolution to chronic kidney disease in patients with mild initial symptoms renders it difficult for clinicians to expose patients to treatment protocols that are not evidence-based. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of progression to chronic kidney disease in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients could be achieved by designing prospective international multicenter studies looking at determinants of clinical and histopathological evolution as well as possible circulating and urinary markers of progression. Such studies should be supported by a database available on the web and a new histologic classification of kidney lesions. This paper reports clinical, pathologic, and experimental data to be used for this strategy and to assist clinicians and clinical trial designers to reach therapeutic decisions.
Constrained projection reconstruction for reduced encoding MR diffusion tensor imaging

MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising tool for characterizing microstructures of ordered tissues. However, its practical applications have been hampered by the low signal-to-noise-ratio and spatial and temporal resolutions. K-space sharing with constrained reconstruction has been effective for accelerating DTI, though the implementation was based on rectilinear k-space sampling. Due to its intrinsic oversampling and averaging of central k-space and isotropic trajectories, projection reconstruction, or radial sampling, imaging may be more suited for k-space sharing reduced encoding schemes. In this study, filtered reduced encoding projection reconstruction (FREPR) is implemented. The key features include the use of radial mask filters to select for spatial frequency information and constrained reconstruction in the form of phase and magnitude baseline correction. The performance of FREPR is evaluated in terms of image differences and deviations in measured fiber orientation with respect to the full-encoded dataset, both in simulation and experiment, against rectilinear k-space sharing method. Results indicate FREPR provides a significant improvement in the acquisition-time efficiency of DTI.
Using geology to improve flood hazard management on alluvial fans : An example from Laughlin, Nevada

: A study of the piedmont of the Newberry Mountains near Laughlin, Nevada, demonstrates that geologic information can improve the scientific basis of flood-hazard management on alluvial fans in desert areas. Comparison of geologic information against flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs) reveals flaws in conventional methods for flood hazard delineation in this setting. Geologic evidence indicates that large parts of the Newberry piedmont have been isolated from significant flooding for at least the past 10,000 years. This contrasts with existing FIRMs that include large tracts of nonflood prone land in the 100-year and 500-year flood hazard zones and exclude areas of indisputably flood prone land from the regulatory flood plain. From the basis of the geology, flood hazards on at least one-third of the piedmont are mischaracterized on the regulatory maps. The formal incorporation of geologic data into flood hazard studies on desert piedmonts could significantly reduce this type of discrepancy and substantially reduce the scope, hence cost, of more elaborate engineering studies and hazard mitigation strategies. The results of this study affirm the value of new Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommendations for characterizing alluvial fan flood hazards and support an argument for mandating geological studies in the regulatory process.
Testing domino circuits in SOI technology

The proliferation of both partially depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) technology and domino circuit styles has allowed for increases in circuit performance beyond that of scaling traditional bulk CMOS static circuits. However, interactions between dynamic circuit styles and PD-SOI complicate testing. This paper describes the issues of testing domino circuits fabricated in SOI technology and new tests are proposed to address the interactions. A fault modeling analysis is described which demonstrates that the overall fault coverage can be improved beyond that of traditional testing of domino circuits in bulk technology.
Evaluation of the Role for Synovial Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Aseptic Loosening After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Aseptic prosthetic loosening is known to be an inflammatory, cellular process. We hypothesized that the synovial cell count would significantly differ among normal controls, patients with aseptic loosening, and patients with other etiologies of aseptic failure after total knee arthroplasty and thus that the cell count would be useful in the diagnosis of aseptic loosening. Methods: Over a six-year time period, all patients undergoing revision total knee arthroplasties at our institution underwent prospective intraoperative aspiration by the two senior authors. Each patient was assigned to a failure category on the basis of a priori criteria: aseptic loosening, periprosthetic infection, component wear, periprosthetic fracture, component malposition, instability, stiffness, and extensor mechanism failure. Simultaneously, patients with well-functioning total knee replacements underwent aspiration as normal controls. Aspirate characteristics were then compared between groups. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were created to determine optimal white blood-cell cutoffs when periprosthetic infection was compared with each individual failure category. Results: Thirty normal control patients and 433 patients who underwent revision total knee arthroplasties were included in this study. The synovial white blood-cell count in the normal control group was 558 ± 522 cells/μL, which did not significantly differ (p = 0.091) from that taken from patients with aseptic loosening (947 ± 1027 cells/μL). However, normal controls had significantly higher white blood-cell counts than subjects with stiffness (367 ± 392 cells/μL; p = 0.002) and significantly lower white blood-cell counts than subjects with periprosthetic fractures (1687 ± 1613 cells/μL; p = 0.002). Subjects with aseptic loosening had significantly higher white blood-cell counts than subjects with component malpositioning (p = 0.002) or stiffness (p = 0.001). When individual aseptic failure categories were compared with periprosthetic infection, the optimal white blood-cell cutoff varied widely, including 2104 cells/μL for component malposition and 4697 cells/μL for periprosthetic fracture, and the optimal differential segmented cell count percentages varied from 47% to 83%. Conclusions: Although synovial fluid aspirates in patients with aseptic loosening and those with normal total knee arthroplasties did not differ, synovial fluid aspirate characteristics differed among categories of aseptic failure. As a result, the optimal diagnosis of periprosthetic infection on the basis of synovial aspiration results may need to utilize different cutoff values depending on the alternative mode of failure being considered. Large prospective studies will be necessary to validate these threshold values. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Decertification of Police: An Alternative to Traditional Remedies for Police Misconduct

This article is the first in-depth examination of revocation of peace officer licenses for citizen abuse. Unlike the more familiar remedy of terminating the officer’s employment, license revocation, more commonly called decertification, has the advantage of disabling the officer from continuing to work in other departments within the state, just as occurs for myriad other professions and occupations. To determine what type of misconduct led to revocation, a file search was made of all revocations by the Florida Criminal Justices Standards and Training Commission during the time period October 1976 – October 1983. Florida was selected because it has been a national leader in decertification. Of the cases involving citizen abuse, the majority involved extorting money or sex in exchange for not arresting the citizen and demanding sex outright. None of the cases involved gathering evidence in violation of the Fourth Amendment and thus the exclusionary rule would not have come into play. The article concludes that it would therefore be inadvisable for the Supreme Court to rely on decertification as an effective remedy for Fourth Amendment violations.
Linear Differential or Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients

(1959). Linear Differential or Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 66, No. 10, pp. 869-875.
Oxygen Self-Diffusion In Mgo Grain Boundaries

Oxygen grain boundary diffusion has been studied in low energy (∑5, ∑13) and high energy (asymmetric 16° tilt) MgO grain boundaries. Enhanced diffusion of oxygen was observed in all boundaries, but more so in the general, high energy boundary, by 1 - 2 orders of magnitude. This supports the theory that the better the atomic registry between the adjoining grains the lower the diffusivities in the grain boundary. Also the activation energies for bulk and grain boundary diffusion (in the ∑13 boundaries) were found to be equal to within experimental error. (≈ 3.9eV)
Monitoring House Fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), Populations in Caged-Layer Poultry Houses Using a Baited Jug-Trap

A baited jug-trap for sampling house fly populations is described. We found trapping of house flies to be most effective at the roof peak in a narrow caged-layer poultry house and ca. 1 m above the manure in a high-rise poultry house, using the jug-trap baited with Super Golden Malrin®, containing 0.025% 2-(1-methylethoxy) phenol methylcarbamate, 0.04% 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, and 0.025% (Z)-9-tricosene. Yellow painted jug-traps caught more house flies than red, green, blue, black, or white. The period of greatest fly catches in the trap was between 1200 and 1700 EST. Traps baited with the slowrelease synthetic house fly attractant (88% fishmeal, 5% trimethylamine hydrochloride, 5% ammonium sulfate, 1% indole, and 1% linoleic acid) caught fewer flies than traps baited with Improved Golden Malrin®, containing 1.0% methomyl ( S -methyl N -[methylcarbamoyl] oxy) thioacetimidate and 0.025% (Z)-9-tricosene, or Super Golden Malrin, and caught more flies than traps baited with Golden Malrin®, containing 0.093% 2, 2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate and 0.25% 0, 0 -dimethyl 0 -(2, 4, 5-trichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate, when tested in a narrow caged-layer poultry house. Indole was found to be the most attractive chemical in the synthetic formulation and ammonium sulfate decreased the attractiveness of the formulation. We advocate the use of a white, translucent jug-trap baited with 25 g of Improved Golden Malrin and hung at the level of the upper cages as a simple, practical method for monitoring house fly populations in caged-layer houses.
SiC and GaN High-Voltage Power Devices

The present status of development of SiC and GaN devices for high-voltage power electronics applications is reviewed. Device structures that are particularly applicable to these two wide bandgap semiconductors are considered and compared to those commonly used in silicon. The simulated and experimental performance of two-terminal rectifiers and three- terminal transistors and thyristors are compared. The effects of material parameters (mobility, ionization coefficients, lifetimes) and defects on device characteristics are pointed out. Similarities and differences between electronic and photonic device development in these semiconductors are discussed.
Determination of total arsenic in propolis by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry

Objective This paper established the analysis method of total arsenic in propolis health food. Methods The propolis samples were pretreated by microwave digestion, hydride generation-Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry determination.Results The linear range for determination of total arsenic in this paper is 0, the correlation coefficient is0.999 5, recovery rate of 96.6~101.7 %, RSD 1.08 %. Conclusions Experiments show that this method is accurate,sensitive, simple and efficient, suitable for determination of total arsenic in propolis.
The Bone Organ System: Form and Function

Publisher Summary The information and concepts described in this chapter form the basis for understanding bone as a tissue and as an organ system. Bone is a mechanically optimized organ system whose composition and organization reflect the functional demands made upon it. Far from being an inert substance, it is also a living tissue that serves several important functions in the organism. As a biological entity, bone tissue is a composite material composed of a proteinaceous extracellular matrix or ground substance that has been impregnated by an inorganic calcium phosphate mineral phase. In this sense, it can be likened to a material such as fiberglass with flexibilities, rigidities, and other mechanical properties related to the composite nature of its components. However, what distinguishes a material like bone from other composite tissues and materials is the fact that it is constantly being broken down and rebuilt in the process known as remodeling. The cellular link between bone resorbing cells, or osteoclasts, and bone-forming cells, or osteoblasts, is known as coupling. Coupling may be regulated by the release of small molecules from the extracellular matrix during bone resorption. The complexities of the bone remodeling process require further investigation, but current knowledge suggests that it is composed of several phases, including quiescence, activation, resorption, reversal, and formation. Although the transduction of mechanical signals through bone and the stimulation of bone cells by hormonal agents have been studied extensively, more information is needed before a truly comprehensive understanding of the bone organ system can be developed.
Analysis of carbon emissions from transportation in Beijing

During the progress of the economic development in Beijing, the analysis on the development of traffic and transport, and the role in the energy saving becomes increasingly important. In this research on low-carbon transport in Beijing, first focus is on analysing the current status of transportation development and carbon emissions in Beijing. Then, field measurement method is used to calculate Beijing carbon emissions, EKC curve is fitted to analyse development modes of traffic carbon emissions and predict the response of carbon reduction schemes by ARIMA model. Finally, empirical analysis indicates the varying regulation traffic development. From there, the paper points out existing problems and put forward policy suggestions.
Acute Pelvic Pain

Acute pelvic pain may constitute a medical or surgical emergency. This chapter reviews the differential diagnosis for acute pelvic pain, including postoperative complications, infections, pelvic masses, functional causes of pain (such as dysmenorrhea and adenomyosis), pregnancy-related issues, and nongynecologic etiologies. Diagnosis and management, including emergent resuscitation, are reviewed, subdivided by infectious and noninfectious etiologies of pain.
Streaming Music in Japan: Corporate Cultures as Determinants of Listening Practice

Although Japan led the world in the adoption of mobile-phone consumer culture (e.g. ringtones) in the 1990s to late 2000s, it now lags behind in the adoption of streaming formats. Why has streaming music been slower to catch on in Japan? Pre-existing conceptions of old media, such as a Japanese tendency to listen to radio less often and radio stations that do not specialise in a particular genre, made Pandora-style, DJ-less online radio a less compelling format; naming an online streaming service ‘radio’ did not familiarize the new media, as it did in the USA. Growth was further inhibited by a lack of statutory licences, so that streaming services had to negotiate rights with record companies, and record companies were reluctant to supply streaming companies with Japanese content, including current chart toppers and back catalogue. Finally, smartphones took a longer time to catch on in Japan, as mid-2000s flip phones were so advanced that the iPhone did not look that groundbreaking at its launch.
Long-Term Outcome of Lyme Neuroborreliosis

Researchers at Falun General Hospital and other centers in Sweden determined the long-term neurologic outcome of 84 children with confirmed Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB).
Design of teds writer, reader and testing system for transducer interface modules based on the ieee 1451 standard

The commercial benefit of transducer industry is very large potentially. The IEEE 1451 standard provides compatibility among the products from different transducer manufacturers. The IEEE and NIST developed this standard for smart transducers. In this thesis, I focus on developing IEEE 1451 TEDS Writer/Compiler, TEDS Reader and TIM Tester, etc. and study the following topics: (1) IEEE 1451 TEDS Writer/Compiler and TEDS Reader Design, each with the following seven function blocks: (a) Meta TEDS Writer (Access Code 1); (b) eta ID TEDS Writer (Access Code 2); (c) Transducer Channel TEDS Writer (Access Code 3); (d) Channel ID TEDS Writer (Access Code 4); (e) Calibration TEDS Writer (Access Code 5); (f) Calibration ID TEDS Writer (Access Code 6); (g) XdrcName TEDS Writer (Access Code 12); (2) IEEE 1451 TEDS (Version 1997) Testing system based on the board of NCAP/Ethernet With TCP/IP Through RS232; (3) Design of TIM Tester based on IEEE 1451 Standard; (4) Sensor Data Calibration. Analysis is provided on these topics and a test TIM with three channels is designed for testing purpose of this standard. The TEDS Writer, TEDS Reader and TIM Tester contribute originally to transducer industry field.
Professional Virtue Reinforcements: A Necessary Complement to Technological and Policy Reforms

ABSTRACT Rapid advances in technology within accounting information systems (AIS) accompanied by an increase in information accessibility render organizations vulnerable to the misuse of confidenti...
5 Ghz lithium niobate MEMS resonators with high FoM of 153

This paper reports on the demonstration of a new class of super-high frequency (SHF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) resonators operating in the 5 GHz range. SHF resonances have been achieved using the first order antisymmetric (A1) mode, which features a phase velocity exceeding 10000 m/s in ion-sliced and suspended Z-cut Lithium Nio-bate (LiNbO3) thin films. The fabricated device has demonstrated a high electromechanical coupling (k t 2) of 29% and a high quality factor (Q) of 527 simultaneously. Consequently, this work marks the first time that MEMS resonators at SHF were demonstrated with an extremely high figure of merit (FoM= kt2Q) of 153. The SHF operation and high FoM of these A1 mode devices have showcased their potential as the key building blocks for future SHF front-end filters and multiplexers.
Computer diagnosis of labor progression: III. Dysfunctional labor patterns in the very elderly gravida

In order to study the effect on labor of advanced age, a computer program for the diagnosis of dysfunctional labor patterns (DLP's) was used to compare a group of 26 gravidas, aged 45 and above, with a matched control group of younger patients. There were no significant differences between these two groups with respect to the durations of the phases of labor, but there was a significant excess of abnormal labors (and DLP's) in the elderly group (p < 0.01). Malposition (OT, OP) and complicated delivery were statistically significantly associated with this excess of abnormal labor. Moreover, DLP's were temporally associated with the administration of meperidine only in the study group, suggesting that labor progression is very sensitive to this drug in the very elderly gravida.
Associations of suicidality with cognitive ability and cognitive insight in outpatients with Schizophrenia.

Abstract Background Previous literature suggests that better cognitive ability and insight are associated with greater lifetime risk of suicide attempts in schizophrenia, counter to the direction of association in the general population. However, the conjoint association between distinct cognitive domains, insight, and suicidality has not been assessed. Method In a cross-sectional study, 162 adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder completed cognitive testing via the MATRICS battery, symptom and cognitive insight assessments, along with the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. We then contrasted participants based on history of suicidality by cognitive domains and insight measures and conducted multivariate analyses. Results Although a history of any passive ideation was not associated with cognitive ability or insight, verbal learning was positively associated with a greater history of suicidal attempt and prior ideation with a plan and intent. Higher cognitive insight, and the self-reflectiveness subscale insight, was also associated with history of passive or active suicidal ideation. Cognitive insight and cognitive ability were independent from each other, and there were no moderating influences of insight on the effect of cognitive ability on suicide related history. Exploratory analyses revealed that history of planned attempts were associated with greater verbal learning, whereas histories of aborted attempts were associated with poorer reasoning and problem-solving. Implications Although cross-sectional and retrospective, this study provides support that greater cognitive ability, specifically verbal learning, along with self-reflectiveness, may confer elevated risk for more severe suicidal ideation and behavior in an independent fashion. Interestingly, poorer problem-solving was associated with aborted suicide attempts.
Millennial Taiwan Food Films: Naming and Epicurean Cure

Chapter 12, “Millennial Taiwan Food Films,” contends that such films’ indulgence in food and fine dining refracts, i.e., reflects and deflects at once, the reality that this island nation is not deemed a nation, one with neither sovereignty nor collective identity, in the eye of the international community. Taiwan is, de facto, a sacrificial lamb amidst superpowers’ struggle for dominance. Torn and disemboweled by the wolf packs of China, the U.S., and Japan, its nearly severed head dreams of, urgently, a fusion menu of native Taiwanese, mainland Chinese, Japanese, and Western food and drink to fill the gut that feels strangely empty.
Estimating Total Maximum Daily Loads with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model

The Massachusetts Department of Transportation (DOT) and the Rhode Island DOT are assessing and addressing roadway contributions to total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). Example analyses for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended sediment, and total zinc in highway runoff were done by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with FHWA to simulate long-term annual loads for TMDL analyses with the stochastic empirical loading and dilution model known as SELDM. Concentration statistics from 19 highway runoff monitoring sites in Massachusetts were used with precipitation statistics from 11 long-term monitoring sites to simulate long-term pavement yields (loads per unit area). Highway sites were stratified by traffic volume or surrounding land use to calculate concentration statistics for rural roads, low-volume highways, high-volume highways, and ultraurban highways. The median of the event mean concentration statistics in each traffic volume category was used to simulate annual yields from pavement for a ...
Determination of Constant-Feed Liquid Fertilization Rates for Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’ and Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’

Abstract Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’ and Dieffenbachia ‘Camille’, two popular foliage plants sensitive to excess salts, were grown using 9 levels of water-soluble fertilizer in a 3-1-2 ratio of N-P2O5-K2O. The range for maximum growth occurred at 100–200 ppm (mg/1) N for Spathiphyllum and 200–400 ppm (mg/1) N for Dieffenbachia on a constant-feed basis. Spathiphyllum showed more noticeable leaf bum symptoms compared to Dieffenbachia when the concentration of fertilizer in the irrigation water increased above the range that yielded maximum growth.
No-Show Rates When Phone Appointment Reminders Are Not Directly Delivered

Promoting patient engagement in treatment and reducing frequency of missed appointments result in higher value through both improved outcomes and improved efficiency. For this reason, continuous quality improvement (CQI) efforts to increase engagement are important in service operations. This column illustrates the results of a CQI study to determine the impact of method of delivery of phone appointment reminders on attendance rates for a cohort of 250 primary care patients with depression. Results indicated that the type of reminder had a significant impact on attendance. Live reminders had the lowest no-show rate (3%), then message or voice mail reminders (24%) and no answer (39%). These findings illustrate the value of CQI efforts for even such basic interventions as appointment reminders. Appointment attendance rates were considerably higher when there was a live contact. CQI efforts related to reminders therefore may benefit from rapid change cycles that incorporate monitoring of the type of reminder...
Land Surface Temperature (LST) Retrieval from GOES Satellite Observations

This chapter includes recent advances on the retrieval of land surface temperature (LST) from satellite observations. Special attention has been paid to the LST retrieval from GOES satellites. Detailed introduction is given about the literature review, the existing problems and challenges, and the advantages of geostationary satellites and GOES instruments. Algorithm theoretical basis (both physical and mathematical) has been provided. The simulation test and error analysis are enclosed. The chapter gives a complete coverage on the LST retrieval from GOES observations, including the physical problem, mathematical description of the theoretical basis, forward model simulations, and algorithm coefficient derivation, validation against ground observations, and error estimate and analysis.
BaTiO3-core Au-shell nanoparticles for photothermal therapy and bimodal imaging.

Abstract We report sub-100 nm metal-shell (Au) dielectric-core (BaTiO3) nanoparticles with bimodal imaging abilities and enhanced photothermal effects. The nanoparticles efficiently absorb light in the near infrared range of the spectrum and convert it to heat to ablate tumors. Their BaTiO3 core, a highly ordered non-centrosymmetric material, can be imaged by second harmonic generation, and their Au shell generates two-photon luminescence. The intrinsic dual imaging capability allows investigating the distribution of the nanoparticles in relation to the tumor vasculature morphology during photothermal ablation. Our design enabled in vivo real-time tracking of the BT-Au-NPs and observation of their thermally-induced effect on tumor vessels. Statement of Significance Photothermal therapy induced by plasmonic nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach to treating cancer. However, the study of the role of intratumoral nanoparticle distribution in mediating tumoricidal activity has been hampered by the lack of suitable imaging techniques. This work describes metal-shell (Au) dielectric-core (BaTiO3) nanoparticles (abbreviated as BT-Au-NP) for photothermal therapy and bimodal imaging. We demonstrated that sub-100 nm BT-Au-NP can efficiently absorb near infrared light and convert it to heat to ablate tumors. The intrinsic dual imaging capability allowed us to investigate the distribution of the nanoparticles in relation to the tumor vasculature morphology during photothermal ablation, enabling in vivo real-time tracking of the BT-Au-NPs and observation of their thermally-induced effect on tumor vessels.
Solvent effects and charge transfer states in organic photovoltaics: a time-dependent density functional theory study on the PCPDTBT:PCBM low band gap system

Long-range corrected time-dependent density functional theory has been used to study the solvent effect on excited state properties of PCPDTBT:PCBM (Poly[2,6-(4,4-dimethyl-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]-dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)]:[6,6]-Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester) molecular system. A polarizable continuum model has been applied within the linear response (LR) and state-specific (SS) approaches to account for the dielectric environment. The results show that the influence of the solvent depends on the nature of the excitations. For neutral excitonic states that are essentially localized on a single molecule, the solvent has little or no effects on the excitation energies according to both solvent schemes. On the other hand, for states with a significant amount of charge transfer (CT), the SS approach predicts a sufficient decline in the excitation energy as the dielectric constant increases so that the CT state can be stabilized to the lowest excited state, whereas the LR counterpart shows almost no change. The comparison of two solvent approaches is discussed.
Pheromones and Pheromone Receptors as Mating-Type Determinants in Basidiomycetes

Sexual variability within the fungi is extreme. For example, some fungi have only two mating types, while others have thousands. Is there a common genetic basis for these different mating systems? If so, how do the genes function to allow recognition of only a few, as contrasted to many thousands of potential mates?
Typicality: Stable structures and flexible functions

Some research suggests typicality is stable, other research suggests it is malleable, and some suggests it is unstable. The two ends of this continuum—stability and instability—make somewhat contradictory claims. Stability claims that typicality is determined by our experience of decontextualized feature correlations in the world and is therefore fairly consistent. Instability claims that typicality depends on context and is therefore extremely inconsistent. After reviewing evidence for these two claims, we argue that typicality’s stability and instability are not contradictory but rather complementary when they are understood as operating on two different levels. Stability reflects how information gets encoded into semantic memory—what we call structural typicality. Instability reflects the task-dependent recruitment of semantic knowledge—what we call functional typicality. Finally, we speculate on potential factors that may mediate between the recruitment of structural or functional typicality.
Does involving patients in treatment decisions affect perceptions of treatments and therapists

Psychotherapists may offer patients more or less involvement when deciding on a treatment. The aim of the present research was to examine whether perceptions of the treatment and therapist differ w...
Assessment from the ground up: Developing and validating a usage-based diagnostic assessment procedure in a graduate EAP context

Abstract: This ‘Research into EAP Practice’ article aims to describe a process of developing a locally-relevant EAP diagnostic writing assessment that serves the needs and fits the constraints of a specific EAP program at a large private US university. In line with practices and recommendations from language testing research, the article captures the local context and motivation for the present action research project, specifies a number of supporting points from other literature on the topic, details the piloting process, and describes the steps and statistical analyses undertaken to ensure maximal validity of the procedure in the context. The process captured in the article can be of use to other practitioners dealing with similar assessment goals or tasks.
Utilizing simulation to assess clinical decision making between physician assistant and physical therapy students

Abstract Discharge transitions are one of the highest risk activities in healthcare. Physical therapists (PTs) and physician assistants (PAs) have a critical role in discharge transitional planning in the acute care arena. Simulation based interprofessional education (SIM-IPE) is an emerging teaching technique involving participants from two or more professions engaged in a simulated experience. The aims of the interprofessional program were to compare the discharge transition recommendations of PT and PA students of a medically complex, acute care patient pre- and post- SIM-IPE and to compare the clinical decision-making rationale for the discharge transition recommendation pre- and post- SIM-IPE. PT and PA students participated in SIM-IPE encounters with standardized patients. The encounters focused on high-risk, problem-prone patients with variable discharge transition options. The most frequently recommended discharge transition pre- SIM-IPE was the same between the PT and PA students; however, there was a 29.5% discordance when comparing the rank ordering of discharge transition recommendations between PT and PA. Prior to the SIM-IPE, PT students gave the highest priority to functional status and home situation, and PA students gave the highest priority to medical status, medical prognosis, and medications. Following the SIM-IPE, PT students ranked medical status, medical prognosis, and medications higher as discharge transition clinical decision-making variables as compared with their pre- SIM-IPE data, and PA students ranked functional status and home situation higher as discharge transition clinical decision-making variables as compared to their pre- SIM-IPE data. In this teaching and learning experience, the SIM-IPE intervention appeared to influence clinical decision-making of participants.
Offshore Wind Farm Collection Cable Layout Optimization through Cost Minimization

Offshore wind farms' annual energy yield is higher compared to their counterparts at onshore. However, their investment costs are also high due to high capital expenditure cost components such as offshore platform and turbine foundations. Optimally designed collection cable layout can help reduce the overall investment cost. This paper presents a collection cable layout optimization using Travelling Salesman Problem and Genetic Algorithm. The objective function is to reduce the cost of submarine collection cables and their power losses. Two different substation locations are considered for an offshore wind farm with 25 turbines to investigate the effect of different substation locations on the collection cable cost and cable power losses. In addition, the optimum number of feeders is identified together with right cable size (cross-section) for each feeder that minimizes the collection cable costs and power losses. Results show that collection cable costs can be minimized with the optimum cable layout.
Thiol–Anhydride Dynamic Reversible Networks

The reaction of thiols and anhydrides to form ring opened thioester/acids is shown to be highly reversible and it is accordingly employed in the fabrication of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) that possess tunable dynamic covalent chemistry. Maleic, succinic, and phthalic anhydride derivatives were used as bifunctional reactants in systems with varied stoichiometries, catalyst, and loadings. Dynamic characteristics such as temperature-dependent stress relaxation, direct reprocessing and recycling abilities of a range of thiol-anhydride elastomers, glasses, composites and photopolymers are discussed. Depending on the catalyst strength, 100 % of externally imposed stresses were relaxed in the order of minutes to 2 hours at mild temperatures (80-120 °C). Pristine properties of the original materials were recovered following up to five cycles of a hot-press reprocessing technique (1 h/100 °C).
Design of a kinematic flexure mount for precision instruments based on stiffness characteristics of flexural pivot

Abstract Precision components in optical instruments enjoy the benefits of kinematic flexure mount, owing to its excellent performance evident in space telescope and lithography equipment. The stiffness behavior of a flexure mount is important for releasing thermal stress and resisting displacement. However, they still need enough investigation and design guidance. In this paper, a novel kinematic flexure mount comprising three identical chains, is proposed based on exact constraint principles. Considering radial translational and supporting stiffnesses, a single chain of the mount is designed using the cross-spring pivots. Then, the stiffnesses are analyzed to better evaluate the influences of configuration parameters. Stress analysis is also implemented by stress checking to fulfill large motion range. Moreover, a practical case for supporting a 1-m primary mirror is designed to validate the effectiveness of the design, and stiffnesses for a single chain are verified by finite element analysis (FEA). For design validation, the system is simulated and compared with traditional three-bipod mount. The results show that the proposed mount is capable of greatly releasing thermal stress introduced into the mirror and provides adequate supporting stiffness.
Correlation of Online Physician Rating Subscores and Association With Overall Satisfaction: Observational Study of 212,933 Providers

Background: Online physician rating websites commonly ask consumers to rate providers across multiple physician-based (eg, spending sufficient time, listening) and office-based (eg, appointment scheduling, friendliness) subdimensions of care in addition to overall satisfaction. However, it is unclear if consumers can differentiate between the various rated subdimensions of physicians. It is also unclear how each subdimension is related to overall satisfaction. Objective: The objectives of our study were to determine the correlation of physician-based and office-based subdimensions of care and the association of each with overall satisfaction. Methods: We sampled 212,933 providers from the Healthgrades website and calculated average provider metrics for overall satisfaction (likelihood to recommend doctor), physician-based subdimensions (trust in physician, ability to explain, ability to listen and answer questions, and spending adequate time), and office-based subdimensions (ease of scheduling, office environment, staff friendliness, and wait time). We used Spearman rank correlation to assess correlation between subdimension ratings. Factor analysis was used to identify potential latent factors predicting overall satisfaction. Univariate and multivariable linear regression were performed to assess the effect of physician and office-based factors on overall satisfaction. Results: Physician-based metrics were highly correlated with each other (r=.95 to .98, P<.001), as were office-based metrics (r=.84 to .88, P<.001). Correlations between physician-based and office-based ratings were less robust (r=.79 to .81, P<.001). Factor analysis identified two factors, clearly distinguishing between physician-based metrics (factor loading = 0.84 to 0.88) and office-based metrics (factor loading = 0.76 to 0.84). In multivariable linear regression analysis, the composite factor representing physician-based metrics (0.65, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.65) was more strongly associated with overall satisfaction than the factor representing office-based metrics (0.42, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.42). These factors eclipsed other demographic variables in predicting overall satisfaction. Conclusions: Consumers do not differentiate between commonly assessed subdimensions of physician-based care or subdimensions of office-based care, but composite factors representing these broader categories are associated with overall satisfaction. These findings argue for a simpler ratings system based on two metrics: one addressing physician-based aspects of care and another addressing office-based aspects of care.
Timely Postpartum Visits for Low-Income Women: A Health System and Medicaid Payer Partnership

A health care system and a Medicaid payer partnered to develop an educational intervention and payment redesign program to improve timely postpartum visits for low-income, high-risk mothers in New ...
Micro-Brew, Macro-Fees: Texas Law Favors Beer Distributors While Curbing Growth and Investment in the Nation's Third Largest Craft Beer Market

Surveys the history of the three tier system within the alcohol industry and Texas laws and regulations specifically related to the manufacture and distribution of beer. Discusses how the growth of the craft beer market has changed the industry and how recent legislation, including SB518, 83rd Regular Session, is affecting growth.
Reliability of routine anthropometric measurements to estimate body composition in term infants.

Birth weight percentiles provide limited information on qualitative infant growth. Body composition provides estimates of fat mass, fat-free mass, and body fat percentage (adiposity). We sought to implement assessment of body composition at birth into clinical practice using a validated anthropometric equation and to evaluate measurement reliability. Body composition was incorporated into newborn nursery admission procedure. Body fat percentage derived from skinfold measurements performed by clinical nurses were compared to a historical database of similar measurements performed on newborns by experienced research staff. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ponderal Index (PI) were used as surrogates for adiposity. Comparison of correlations between groups assessed measurement reliability. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Nine hundred and ninety-one infants had body composition evaluated. Correlations were similar between BMI and %BF for measurements performed by research and clinical nurses (r2 = 0.82 versus r2 = 0.80; P = 0.142 for the difference between correlation coefficients) demonstrating good reliability. Similar results were found using PI (r2 = 0.58 versus r2 0.53; P = 0.105). Body composition can be assessed at birth using a validated anthropometric equation. Measurements performed by clinical RNs were found to be reliable, allowing for a qualitative measure of growth beyond birth weight.
Lupus serum induces inflammatory interaction with neutrophils in human glomerular endothelial cells.

Objectives SLE is associated with endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD). Understanding how ECD leads to neutrophil infiltration into glomeruli is essential to finding therapeutic targets for SLE. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of SLE serum from patients with active disease to induce neutrophil adhesion to and chemotaxis towards glomerular endothelial cells and factors induced by serum that associate with neutrophil chemotaxis. Methods Patients with SLE had serum collected during paired longitudinal visits with lower and higher activity. 13 patients with SLE (5 SLE, 5 SLE with hypertension (HTN) and 3 SLE lupus nephritis (LN) and HTN), and 10 healthy controls (5 with and 5 without HTN) were examined. The adhesion of neutrophils to serum-treated human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) or chemotaxis of neutrophils towards conditioned media from serum-treated HRGECs was determined, and levels of cytokines in this conditioned medium were quantified. Pathway analysis of cytokines induced by SLE and LN serum that associated with neutrophil migration was performed. Results HRGECs treated with SLE serum induced significantly greater neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion compared with control serum. When examining specific cohorts, SLE HTN and LN HTN promoted greater neutrophil chemotaxis than control serum, while SLE HTN and LN HTN promoted greater chemotaxis than SLE serum. Serum from active disease visits promoted neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion over paired inactive visits. Levels of platelet-derived growth factor-BB, interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-8 secreted by SLE serum-treated HRGECs positively correlated with neutrophil chemotaxis. Pathway analysis suggested that LN serum induced pathways important in endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Conclusions SLE serum induces expression of mediators by HRGECs that promote neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion, which increases during disease activity, and associates with factors common to pathways of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. These findings highlight the potential importance of serum factor-induced ECD in SLE and LN.
The Colliding Worlds of Telepsychiatry, Social Media, and COVID-19.

While flipping through my university's newspaper recently, I came across a startling headline: "Ditch Your Therapist, Start a Finsta."1 A portmanteau of "fake" and "Instagram," Finstas are secondary Instagram accounts young people use to post less polished photos of themselves. Paradoxically meant to be more authentic than Rinsta (real + Instagram) accounts, Finstas are intended for small, curated audiences. The student journalist dispensed her advice boldly: "Finsta is a good place for all the minutiae you don't want to share with your therapist, don't have time to share with your therapist, or don't want to be completely honest or authentic with your therapist about."1 Sure, I already knew my students and patients turned to social media for mental health advice. But the explicitness with which this author suggested carving up one's problems between social media and clinicians was striking.