cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endogenous adipocyte apolipoprotein E is colocalized with caveolin at the adipocyte plasma membrane

Apolipoprotein (apo)E is well established as a secreted protein that plays an important role in systemic lipoprotein metabolism and vascular wall homeostasis. Recently, endogenous expression of apoE in adipocytes has been shown to play an important role in adipocyte lipoprotein metabolism and gene expression consistent with a nonsecreted cellular itinerary for apoE. We designed studies to evaluate if adipocyte apoE was retained as a constituent protein in adipocytes and to identify a cellular retention compartment. Using confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation, and sucrose density cellular fractionation, we establish that endogenous apoE shares a cellular itinerary with the constituent protein caveolin-1. Altering adipocyte caveolar number by modulating cellular cholesterol flux or altering caveolin expression regulates the distribution of cellular apoE between cytoplasmic and plasma membrane compartments. A mechanism for colocalization of apoE with caveolin was established by demonstrating a noncovalent interaction between an aromatic amino acid-enriched apoE N-terminal domain with the caveolin scaffolding domain. Absent apoE expression in adipocytes alters caveolar lipid composition. These observations provide evidence for an interaction between two proteins involved in cellular lipid metabolism in a cell specialized for lipid storage and flux, and rationalize a biological basis for the impact of adipocyte apoE expression on adipocyte lipoprotein metabolism.
JNK is involved in signal integration during costimulation of T lymphocytes

T lymphocyte activation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production require at least two signals, generated by phorbol ester (TPA) and Ca2+ ionophore or costimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) and the CD28 auxiliary receptor. We investigated how these stimuli affect mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases. Full activation of the MAP kinases that phosphorylate the Jun activation domain, JNK1 and JNK2, required costimulation of T cells with either TPA and Ca2+ ionophore or antibodies to TCR and CD28. Alone, each stimulus resulted in little or no activation. Similar to its effect on IL-2 induction, cyclosporin A (CsA) inhibited the synergistic activation of JNK, and a competitive inhibitor of Jun phosphorylation by JNK inhibited IL-2 promoter activation. By contrast, the MAP kinases ERK1 and ERK2 were fully activated by TPA or TCR stimulation and were not affected by Ca2+, CD28, or CsA. Hence, integration of signals that lead to T cell activation occurs at the level of JNK activation.
Adjuvant chemotherapy and age-related biases in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background Five-year survival for early-stage lung cancer despite complete surgical resection is approximately 50%. Adjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival in some patients. Older cancer patients do not always receive standard therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were age-related biases concerning the use of adjuvant chemotherapy after lobectomy for elderly patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A prospective lung cancer outcomes database was queried for all patients undergoing lobectomy for NSCLC pathologic stage IB and higher between April 2006 and October 2010. Patients who received neoadjuvant treatment or who died within 30 days of operation were excluded. Ninety-nine patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on age ( Results Sixty-nine patients (70%) were younger than 70 years and 30 (30%) were 70 years or older. There was a significant difference in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy between the 2 groups, with 46 (66.7%) of the younger patients and 7 (25%) of the elderly patients receiving adjuvant treatment ( p Conclusions Patients undergoing lobectomy who were 70 years of age or older received adjuvant chemotherapy less often than did younger patients.
Child-proof authentication for MIPv6 (CAM)

We present a unilateral authentication protocol for protecting IPv6 networks against abuse of mobile IPv6 primitives. A mobile node uses a partial hash of its public key for its IPv6 address. Our protocol integrates distribution of public keys and protects against falsification of network addresses. Our protocol is easy to implement, economic to deploy and lightweight in use. It is intended to enable experimentation with (mobile) IPv6 before the transition to a comprehensive IPSEC infrastructure.
Biomarkers, Omics, and Species Comparisons

Understanding the potential for chemicals to induce adverse human health outcomes is complicated by unavailable human-derived data or by confounding factors in epidemiology studies. An understandin...
Prognostic Value and Reproducibility of Pretreatment CT Texture Features in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose To determine whether pretreatment CT texture features can improve patient risk stratification beyond conventional prognostic factors (CPFs) in stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods and Materials We retrospectively reviewed 91 cases with stage III NSCLC treated with definitive chemoradiation therapy. All patients underwent pretreatment diagnostic contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) followed by 4-dimensional CT (4D-CT) for treatment simulation. We used the average-CT and expiratory (T50-CT) images from the 4D-CT along with the CE-CT for texture extraction. Histogram, gradient, co-occurrence, gray tone difference, and filtration-based techniques were used for texture feature extraction. Penalized Cox regression implementing cross-validation was used for covariate selection and modeling. Models incorporating texture features from the 33 image types and CPFs were compared to those with models incorporating CPFs alone for overall survival (OS), local-regional control (LRC), and freedom from distant metastases (FFDM). Predictive Kaplan-Meier curves were generated using leave-one-out cross-validation. Patients were stratified based on whether their predicted outcome was above or below the median. Reproducibility of texture features was evaluated using test-retest scans from independent patients and quantified using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). We compared models incorporating the reproducibility seen on test-retest scans to our original models and determined the classification reproducibility. Results Models incorporating both texture features and CPFs demonstrated a significant improvement in risk stratification compared to models using CPFs alone for OS (P=.046), LRC (P=.01), and FFDM (P=.005). The average CCCs were 0.89, 0.91, and 0.67 for texture features extracted from the average-CT, T50-CT, and CE-CT, respectively. Incorporating reproducibility within our models yielded 80.4% (±3.7% SD), 78.3% (±4.0% SD), and 78.8% (±3.9% SD) classification reproducibility in terms of OS, LRC, and FFDM, respectively. Conclusions Pretreatment tumor texture may provide prognostic information beyond that obtained from CPFs. Models incorporating feature reproducibility achieved classification rates of ∼80%. External validation would be required to establish texture as a prognostic factor.
Vacuum chamber of the injector synchrotron for the Advanced Photon Source

The 40 chambers of the 368-m, 7-GeV injector synchrotron of the Advanced Photon Source are made from 1-mm-thick, 316LN stainless steel tubing. Tubes are cold-drawn to an elliptical shape with inside major and minor axes of 6 cm and 3.7 cm, respectively. This results in a thin metallic chamber without corrugations, which allows maximum beam space in the magnets and withstands atmospheric pressure. Sections of the chamber are bent to match the radius of curvature (33.3 m) of the beam over the entire effective length of the dipole magnets. A modified orbital welder is used to join sections of tubing. The chambers and the pumping system required to achieve a pressure of 10/sup -9/ Torr are described. A straight section of chamber tubing was tested under external pressure up to 60 psig. At 15 psig, the resulting deflection at the minor half axis was 0.2 mm and a maximum compressive stress of 13500 psi was measured. Tube deformation remained in the elastic region up to approximately 38 psig. >
Spectroscopy and kinetics of the ionic cesium fluoride excimer excited by a laser-produced plasma

The inner-shell ionization of a molecular species using the soft x rays from a laser-produced plasma is described. The emission behavior of the Cs2+F− ionic excimer in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) has been studied. A model is presented to describe the fundamental kinetics of the excitation process and is found to be in agreement with the experiments. The absorption of CsF in the VUV has been studied experimentally and theoretically to evaluate Cs2+F− as a possible VUV laser species.
Saturation effects in solid-state laser amplifiers

A phenomenological treatment of saturation effects in solid-state laser amplifiers is presented. Numerical calculations are carried out for neodymium doped CaWO 4 and glass amplifiers.
Paradoxes of Sexuality, Gay Identity, and the Closet

In this project, I illustrate how eight premises of sexuality, gay identity, and the closet contribute to the existence of paradox, an interactional situation constituted by contradiction. I first outline the following premises: gay identity is (1) inextricably tied to the metaphor of the closet; coming out is necessary when gay identity (2) is invisible; the closet draws meaning (3) only in relation to heteronormative contexts; gay identity, as a (4) stigmatized identity, makes coming out a (5) potentially dangerous act; coming out is conceived of as a (6) necessary and important, (7) discrete and linear, (8) inescapable and ever-present process. I then use autoethnography to describe and analyze the lived experience of paradox in terms of these premises. I conclude by formulating ways a gay person can negotiate paradox in, and by way of, interaction.
The effect of a central task on luminance thresholds for peripherally presented stimuli.

The effect of a central task on peripheral vision was investigated by obtaining luminance thresholds for stimuli presented from 20° to 90° in the periphery. A control group observed a steady foveal...
Losses of Sacramento River Chinook Salmon and Delta Smelt to Entrainment in Water Diversions in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta

Pumping at the water export facilities in the southern Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta kills fish at and near the associated fish-salvage facilities. Correlative analyses of salvage counts with population indices have failed to provide quantitative estimates of the magnitude of this mortality. I estimated the proportional losses of Sacramento River Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) to place these losses in a population context. The estimate for salmon was based on recoveries of tagged smolts released in the upper Sacramento River basin, and recovered at the fish-salvage facilities in the south Delta and in a trawling program in the western Delta. The proportion of fish salvaged increased with export flow, with a mean value around 10% at the highest export flows recorded. Mortality was around 10% if pre-salvage losses were about 80%, but this value is nearly unconstrained. Losses of adult delta smelt in winter and young delta smelt in spring were estimated from salvage data (adults) corrected for estimated presalvage survival, or from trawl data in the southern Delta (young). These losses were divided by population size and accumulated over the respective seasons. Losses of adult delta smelt were 1–50% (median 15%), although the highest value may have been biased upward. Daily losses of larvae and juveniles were 0–8%, and seasonal losses accumulated were 0–25% (median 13%). The effect of these losses on population abundance was obscured by subsequent 50-fold variability in survival from summer to fall.
Liver transplantation for alcoholic liver disease: a consideration of reasons for and against

Orthotopic liver transplantation is a clinical procedure that has been accepted widely as the treatment of choice for individuals with advanced chronic liver disease. As such, its application to the important clinical problem of alcoholic liver disease is inevitable. The arguments for and against liver transplantation for individuals with advanced alcoholic liver disease are presented.
Ultrastructure of Mechanically Deboned Poultry Meat

Abstract Mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) is a communiated meat product produced by deboning poultry parts like backs and necks. The production of this product has been steadily increasing and represents an additional source of animal protein. The physical and chemical properties of the product have been well characterized by Grunden (1972), Froning et al. (1971), Schnell (1972), and Vadehra and Baker (1970). The poor shelf life has been explained on the basis of lipid degradation by Grunden et al. (1971), Dimick et al. (1972) and Rattrie (1973). The meat is exposed to considerable stress during the deboning process. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the deboning process on the ultrastructure of the MDPM.
High-speed epitaxy using supersonic molecular jets

This paper discusses the use of supersonic jets of gaseous source molecules in thin film growth. Molecular jets in free form with no skimmers or collimators in the nozzle-substrate path were used in the investigation of basic film growth processes and in practical film growth applications. The Ge growth rates were found to depend linearly on the digermane jet intensity. Furthermore, the film thickness distributions showed excellent agreement with the distribution of digermane molecules in the jet. High epitaxial Ge growth rates were achieved on GaAs (100) substrates by utilizing high-intensity pulsed jets. The practical advantages and limitations of this film growth technique are evaluated, based on the results of microstructural and electrical measurements of heteroepitaxial Ge films on GaAs (100) substrates.
A new integral representation for quasi-periodic fields and its application to two-dimensional band structure calculations

In this paper, we consider band structure calculations governed by the Helmholtz or Maxwell equations in piecewise homogeneous periodic materials. Methods based on boundary integral equations are natural in this context, since they discretize the interface alone and can achieve high order accuracy in complicated geometries. In order to handle the quasi-periodic conditions which are imposed on the unit cell, the free-space Green's function is typically replaced by its quasi-periodic cousin. Unfortunately, the quasi-periodic Green's function diverges for families of parameter values that correspond to resonances of the empty unit cell. Here, we bypass this problem by means of a new integral representation that relies on the free-space Green's function alone, adding auxiliary layer potentials on the boundary of the unit cell itself. An important aspect of our method is that by carefully including a few neighboring images, the densities may be kept smooth and convergence rapid. This framework results in an integral equation of the second kind, avoids spurious resonances, and achieves spectral accuracy. Because of our image structure, inclusions which intersect the unit cell walls may be handled easily and automatically. Our approach is compatible with fast-multipole acceleration, generalizes easily to three dimensions, and avoids the complication of divergent lattice sums.
Cutting Edge: The Signals for the Generation of T Cell Memory Are Qualitatively Different Depending on TCR Ligand Strength

CD8 T cell memory critically contributes to long-term immunity. Both low- and high-affinity TCR signals are able to support the differentiation of memory CD8 T cells. However, it is unclear whether the requirements for memory development change when TCR signal strength is altered. To gain further insight into this question, we used a TCRβ transmembrane domain mutant model that is defective in the generation of memory in response to high-affinity ligands. Surprisingly, lowering TCR signal strength, by stimulation with low-affinity ligands, resulted in normal memory development. Restoration of memory correlated with recovery of TCR-dependent NF-κB signaling. Thus, these data provide novel evidence that the requirements for memory are qualitatively different depending on TCR signal strength.
Determining If Two Solid Ellipsoids Intersect

An analytical method is presented for determining if two ellipsoids share the same volume. The formulation involves adding an extra dimension to the solution space and examining eigenvalues that are associated with degenerate quadric surfaces. The eigenvalue behavior is characterized and then demonstrated with an example. The same method is also used to determine if two ellipsoids appear to share the same projected area based on an observer' s viewing angle. The following approach yields direct results without approximation, iteration, or any form of numerical search. It is computationally efe cient in the sense that no dimensional distortions, coordinate rotations, transformations, or eigenvector computations are needed. S the U.S. Satellite Catalog transitions from general perturba- tions to special perturbations, the positional accuracy of each space object will be readily available in the form of a covariance matrix. These covariances can be used to determine probability of collision, radio-frequency interference, and/or incidental laser illu- mination. Because the probability calculations can be computation- allyburdensome,itis desirable to prescreen candidate objectsbased on user-dee ned thresholds. Specie cally, each object can be repre- sented by a covariance-based ellipsoid and then processed to deter- mine if its uncertainty volume shares some space in common with another' s. Solid ellipsoids (or their projections) that do not intersect can be eliminated from further processing. This paper presents a simple analytical method to perform such screening. To date, all ellipsoidal prescreening methods involve numerical searches. 1 For computational efe ciency such prescreening is often reduced to spheres or " keep-out" boxes that have much larger vol- umes but allow for quick distance comparisons. The drawback to suchscreeningisthattheselargervolumescausemanyobjectstobe- come candidates for further (albeit unnecessary) processing. These methods result in increased downstream computational processing and/or increased operator workload to further assess potential satel- lite conjunctions. The following method adds an extra dimension to the solution space. The subset of eigenvalues that are associated with inter- secting degenerate quadric surfaces are then examined. The same method is also used to determine if two ellipsoids appear to share the same projected area based on viewing angle. The approach yields direct results without approximation, iteration, or any form of numerical search. It is computationally efe cient in the sense that no dimensional distortions, coordinate rotations, transforma- tions, or eigenvector computations are needed. This method ex- pands the two-dimensional work of Hill 2 in his formulation of degenerate conics (i.e., the characteristic matrix is singular). It also furthers his work by examining the associated eigenvalue behavior.
Learning about psychoanalysis combined with medication: a nonphysician's perspective.

When medication is at play in an analysis, the nonphysician candidate or psychoanalyst faces conceptual and practical challenges, as well as countertransference risks and opportunities. A psychologist psychoanalytic candidate describes the treatment of an analysand who underwent a gradual uncovering and worsening of obsessive-compulsive and anxiety symptoms; at twenty-one months, the analysand introduced the topic of medication. These developments brought to light transference and countertransference themes connected to the analyst's status as a nonphysician candidate; conceptual and practical uncertainties about medication in the context of psychoanalysis; the complex meanings of, and indications for, medication in this case; and the ramifications of a nonphysician candidate's referring a patient to a psychiatrist psychoanalyst for medication while being supervised by another psychiatrist psychoanalyst.
Interpolation functions in the immersed boundary and finite element methods

In this paper, we review the existing interpolation functions and introduce a finite element interpolation function to be used in the immersed boundary and finite element methods. This straightforward finite element interpolation function for unstructured grids enables us to obtain a sharper interface that yields more accurate interfacial solutions. The solution accuracy is compared with the existing interpolation functions such as the discretized Dirac delta function and the reproducing kernel interpolation function. The finite element shape function is easy to implement and it naturally satisfies the reproducing condition. They are interpolated through only one element layer instead of smearing to several elements. A pressure jump is clearly captured at the fluid–solid interface. Two example problems are studied and results are compared with other numerical methods. A convergence test is thoroughly conducted for the independent fluid and solid meshes in a fluid–structure interaction system. The required mesh size ratio between the fluid and solid domains is obtained.
Seeing Is Believing: Reflections on Video Oral Histories with Chinese Graphic Designers

This paper presents an overview of the historical development of video oral history, and the place it has achieved in the USA, including a report on the outcomes and studies conducted by the Smithsonian Institution, in conjunction with the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation from 1986-92. It demonstrates how effective video oral history can be in documenting how graphic designers situate their works within the larger, global visual culture. As a case study, I reflect on video interviews conducted in Beijing with three generations of Chinese designers in 2004, which draw on my experience in art directing television newscasts in order to highlight parallels between video oral history and news documentaries.
A Technique for the Removal of the “Blackness” Distortion Of Mössbauer Spectra

The interpretation of Mossbauer spectra is frequently complicated by the “blackness” or “thickness” effect; that is, the fact that the observed spectrum is expressible as a sum of peaks of Lorentz shape only in the limit of a “thin” sample. Increasing the sample thickness broadens and distorts the peaks. Various procedures to correct for this effect have been given (1,2,3), but they require assumptions about the source and absorber characteristics. Our procedure requires no assumptions about either source or absorber characteristics, and provides for the removal of effects due to both sample thickness and non-ideal source peakshape. The final result of the calculation is a spectrum which would be obtained from an ideally thin sample and an ideally monochromatic source.
Managing Opioid Use Disorder During and After Acute Hospitalization: A Case-Based Review Clarifying Methadone Regulation for Acute Care Settings.

Managing Opioid Use Disorder During and After Acute Hospitalization: A Case-Based Review Clarifying Methadone Regulation for Acute Care Settings Objective: Treatment with an opioid agonist such as methadone or buprenorphine is the standard of care for opioid use disorder. Persons with opioid use disorder are frequently hospitalized, and may be undertreated due to provider misinformation regarding the legality of prescribing methadone for inpatients. Using a casebased review, this article aims to describe effective management of active opioid withdrawal and ongoing opioid use disorder using methadone or buprenorphine among acutely ill, hospitalized patients. Methods: We reviewed pertinent medical and legal literature and consulted with national legal experts regarding methadone for opioid withdrawal and opioid maintenance therapy in hospitalized, general medical and surgical patients, and describe a real-life example of successful implementation of inpatient methadone for these purposes.
Latest Progress on Foreign Harmonic Measurement Standards

For coordinating the revising of national harmonic standard GB/T 14549—1993,this paper outlines relative contents of IEC 61000-4-7:2002〈General Guide on Harmonics and Inter-harmonics Measurements and Instrumentation,for Power Supply Systems and Equipment Connected Thereto〉(International Standard)from the general articles of IEC 61000-4-30:2003〈Power Quality Measurement Methods〉(International Standard), and shows the differences between the first and second editions of the standards,specially,details some new concepts in the standards.It can be used as a refrence for professionals.
Should we keep hemoglobin levels as a viable outcome measure

In conclusion, the most important priority is to shift thinking to ESA dose exposure and away from focusing on the target Hb level. More attention needs to be spent on developing strategies to minimize exposure to high doses of ESAs. Possible strategies might include the subcutaneous administration of ESAs, treating a patient with an elevated ferritin, identifying sources of blood losses, treating infections and/or an inflammatory focus, and the use of computerized protocols. An equally important goal should be to change the CMS QIP anemia measure to a target Hb >9 g/dL. This modification in the QIP anemia measure is supported by the evidence from both the Normal Hematocrit trials and TREAT. If one models the effect of this QIP on the dialysis patient population as a whole, the majority of achieved Hb concentrations will likely be <11 g/dL (similar to the reported findings in the Normal Hematocrit study--see Figure 1). Lastly, translational studies and clinical trials are necessary to test whether exposure to high doses of ESAs explains the higher risk observed in CHOIR, TREAT, and the Normal Hematocrit study.
Eclogite-facies relics and inferred ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism in the North Dabie Complex, central-eastern China

Mineral assemblages and microstructures of a newly identified (retrogressed) eclogite (sensu lato) in the North Dabie Complex (NDC), central-eastern China, indicate early very high-pressure metamorphic relics preserved in a dominant amphibolite-facies host, where no eclogite (sensu stricto) has been positively identified before. The investigated eclogitic rock shows distinct multistage recrystallization, with granulite- and amphibolite-facies assemblages overprinting eclogite-facies relics. The minimum temperature for the eclogite-facies metamorphism is estimated to be ~800−820 °C. A spectacular microstructure of oriented quartz needles (~2–20 μm wide, ~5–200 μm long) in matrix Ca-Na clinopyroxene implies the prior existence of a non-stoichiometric “supersilicic” omphacite stabilized at ultrahigh-pressure (UHP, ≥25 kbar) conditions, although no coesite or coesite pseudomorphs have been found in the samples. The absence of coesite may be due to the lack of free silica at UHP conditions or the consumption of silica during retrograde reactions. The inferred UHP conditions metamorphism is further supported by Sm-Nd ages that are equivalent to Triassic metamorphic ages from UHP eclogites in the southeastern Dabie Mountains. This finding expands the UHP terrane northward about 50 km; spatial distribution of subduction/collision-related UHP rocks includes parts of the NDC.
Clostridium difficile infection: Updates in management

Clostridium difficile was first identified in 1978 as a diarrhea-causing bacterium in humans. In the last three decades, C. difficile infection (CDI) has reached an epidemic state, both in health care and community settings worldwide. There has been substantial progress in the field of CDI, including identification of novel risk factors, presence of CDI in individuals not considered at risk previously, and treatment options including new drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review discusses epidemiology, novel and traditional risk factors, and updates in management for CDI.
Disparities in receipt of family planning services by disability status: New estimates from the National Survey of Family Growth.

Abstract Background A substantial and increasing population of US women of childbearing age live with disability. Disability-based disparities in access to family planning services have been previously documented, but few studies have used population-based data sources or evidence-based measures of disability. Objective To determine population-based estimates of use of family planning services among women 15–44 years of age in the United States, and to examine differences by disability status. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey, the 2011–2015 National Survey of Family Growth. These analyses include 11,300 female respondents between the ages of 15 and 44 who completed in-person interviews in respondents' homes. Results Approximately 17.8% of respondents reported at least one disability in at least one domain. Women with disabilities were less likely than those without disabilities to receive services; the largest differences by disability status were seen among women with low education, low income, and those who were not working. Logistic regression analysis suggests that women with physical disabilities and those with poorer general health are less likely to receive services. Conclusions Women living with disabilities reported lower receipt of family planning services compared to women without disabilities, but the differences were small in some subgroups and larger among disadvantaged women. Physical disabilities and poor health may be among the factors underlying these patterns. Further research is needed on other factors that affect the ability of women with disabilities to obtain the services they need to prevent unintended pregnancy.
Three-dimensional analysis of particulates in mineral processing systems by cone beam X-ray microtomography

In general X-ray-computed tomographic (CT) techniques are capable of providing three-dimensional images of the internal structure of opaque materials in a nondestructive manner. The unique cone beam geometry allows acquisition of all two-dimensional projections with only one rotation of the sample, thus providing for fast data acquisition and better X-ray utilization, as a complete two-dimensional detector array receives the cone-shaped flux of rays. Thus, an isotropic three-dimensional volume can be reconstructed without the mechanical translation and the stacking of sequential slices, as is the case for more conventional CT scanners. In this regard, a state-of-the-art, custom designed X-ray microtomography facility to provide very detailed three-dimensional spatial analysis of packed beds of multiphase particles was installed and is in operation at the University of Utah. The reconstructed three-dimensional tomographic volume allows for spatial resolution as small as 5 μm for sample dimensions of up to 40 mm in diameter. Utilization of this custom-designed cone-beam X-ray microtomography facility for the analysis of particulate systems in three dimensions is discussed. Applications described include coal washability analysis for the design and operation of coal-preparation plants, liberation analysis for the evaluation of grinding practice and separation efficiency, mineral exposure analysis for the prediction of the ultimate recovery from heap-leaching operations, three-dimensional particle shape analysis to classify particle populations and, finally, analysis of the pore-structure network of packed particle beds for simulation of flow through such porous structures as encountered infiltration and heap leaching. The initial results from these studies demonstrate the potential utility of detailed three-dimensional microCT information for improved design and operation of mineral processing methods.
To Be Male: Homophobia, Sexism, and the Production of “Masculine” Boys

This chapter is about the relationship between homophobia and sexism in family law. By conducting an empirical analysis of custody and visitation cases, it shows that stereotypes about the children of lesbian and gay parents are both sexist and homophobic. In some cases, the relationship between homophobia and sexism becomes especially obvious, when stereotypes explicitly conflate the sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender roles of children and parents. By looking more closely, however, we can find more subtle evidence of this relationship in a much wider range of cases, wherever stereotypes of the children of lesbian and gay parents appear. By taking account of this subtle and widespread dynamic, the chapter aims to develop a more compelling case for lesbian and gay families — a case that vindicates the developmental interests of children, in addition to the parental interests of lesbians and gay men.
Polymorphism in cis-trans Muconic Acid Crystals and the Role of C-H···O Hydrogen Bonds

Cis–trans isomerization of muconic acid is an important component of various chemical syntheses. Despite the existence of three geometric muconic acid isomers, little atomically precise information is actually known of their structures. In this work, the complete crystal structures of cis–cis, cis–trans, and trans–trans muconic acid were determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction and then further analyzed using terahertz vibrational spectroscopy and solid-state density functional theory. In addition to being the first reported crystal structure for cis–trans muconic acid, two polymorphs of this species were discovered, with one exhibiting a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding pattern stabilized through C–H···O interactions. Terahertz spectroscopy aided in polymorph characterization and also provided clear evidence of a hydrated crystalline species that grows only from one of the cis–trans muconic acid polymorphs. Ab initio simulations showed that while the typical end-to-end hydrogen-bonding motif found...
73 – Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Cortical Axis

All organisms, including humans, respond to environmental challenges by activating a wide array of physiological and behavioral responses that are collectively referred to as the stress response. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal cortical (HPA) axis is one endocrine output of a central CRH system that coordinates autonomic, neuroendocrine, behavioral, and immune responses, following alterations in homeostasis. Inhibitory feedback from glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex and circadian activity regulates the magnitude and duration of HPA-axis activity. The HPA axis is also regulated at the level of the hypothalamus by numerous afferent projections from limbic, midbrain, and brainstem nuclei. The HPA axis is responsive to physical and psychological stressors that threaten homeostasis. Responses to acute stressors are essential for life. Chronic stressors appear to change the response characteristics of the HPA axis, perhaps reflecting changes in the sensitivity to feedback and altered recruitment of afferent signals. The chronic state of reestablishing or maintaining homeostasis is allostasis. The wear and tear on the organism resulting from continuous maintenance of homeostasis is the allostatic load. If the allostatic load is excessive and prolonged, HPA-axis dysregulation, characterized by sustained maladaptive hyperactivity or hypoactivity, could ensue and result in pathological consequences. Numerous diseases and disorders have been linked to HPA-axis dysregulation, including psychiatric, eating, metabolic, gastrointestinal, and inflammatory disorders.
Towards the development of an autonomous interdiction capability for unmanned aerial systems

As well-known, interdiction operations in adversarial environments can be quite challenging. With the advancement in technologies and applications involving unmanned aerial systems, an efficient autonomous aerial interdiction mission has been identified in literature as one of the pivotal elements. Effective interdiction usually requires a group of pursuers (as opposed to a single one), which enables achieving a certain formation around the target restricting its further maneuver. This paper presents a coordinated trajectory-shaping guidance strategy for a group of two autonomous pursuers, which can easily be generalized for a multi-pursuer case. Specific challenges in the group maneuvering include coordinated control of the arrival time and final relative attitude. The paper develops the corresponding algorithms and demonstrates their effectiveness in a set of computer simulations featuring different engagement geometries. It also addresses feasibility of obtained solutions from the standpoint of their applicability on board of a small unmanned aerial vehicle with a limited computational capability.
Sequential Doping Reveals the Importance of Amorphous Chain Rigidity in Charge Transport of Semi-Crystalline Polymers

Sequential doping is a promising new doping technique for semicrystalline polymers that has been shown to produce doped films with higher conductivity and more uniform morphology than conventional doping processes, and where the dopant placement in the film can be controlled. As a relatively new technique, however, much work is needed to understand the resulting polymer–dopant interactions upon sequential doping. A combination of infrared spectroscopy and theoretical simulations shows that the dopants selectively placed in the amorphous regions in the film via sequential doping result in highly localized polarons. We find that the presence of dopants within the amorphous regions of the film leads to an increase in conjugation length of the amorphous chains upon doping, increasing film connectivity and hence improving the overall conductivity of the film compared with the conventional doping processes.
“…to the Grave”—Autopsy, settler structures, and indigenous counter-conduct

Abstract In February 2015, two Anishinaabe tribal members, Mushkoob Aubid and Autumn Martineau, passed away after car accidents in Northeastern Minnesota. Their bodies were slated to undergo autopsy, sparking opposition from their families on religious grounds. This sparked a struggle that pitted the families and tribal allies against state structures, in what led to the recovery of the bodies and changes in Minnesota state laws surrounding autopsy. The role of 'quotidian' settler violence in the events that transpired, through a theoretical framework of settler colonialism, biopolitics and the importance of autopsy, is placed in opposition to the role of ‘quotidian’ indigenous resistance, informed by a theoretical framework of counter-conduct and indigenous modes of knowledge and being. It is argued that although settler colonial society and its associated structures are able to reconfigure themselves at will in a variety of articulations in order to subjugate indigenous peoples, indigenous people are able to resist this subjugation with resourceful and multifaceted resistance of their own. This can be seen in the ability of the Aubid and Martineau families to recover the bodies of their loved ones. The paper concludes by considering the implications of the case study for future Anishinaabe/indigenous resistance against autopsy, and in more general applications.
Education and Standardization of Orthobiologics: Past, Present & future

Since the beginning of Orthobiologics, the field has continued to evolve and grow, creating a preliminary framework for clinical application in musculoskeletal injuries.
Cost Analysis of Single-Dose Hepatitis B Revaccination Among Infants Born to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Mothers and Not Responding to the Initial Vaccine Series.

Objectives:Infants born to mothers who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive are at risk for perinatal hepatitis B infection. As prevention, these infants receive a series of 3 or 4 dose...
Adherence to Cardio-protective Medications Prescribed for Secondary Prevention after an Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalization Compared to Usual Care

Secondary prevention after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) hospitalization is critical to prevent additional morbidity and mortality. While poor adherence to prescribed cardio-protective medications is a known problem,1,2 it is unknown whether an ACS event might motivate patients to achieve better adherence. In a large integrated health care population, we examined initiation and adherence to newly prescribed cardio-protective medications among post-ACS event patients compared to patients who were prescribed these same medications in usual care.
Adaptations and physiological responses of wild plants to nutrient stress

All plants respond in a qualitatively similar way to low availability of major nutrients by reduced acquisition, lower tissue nutrient concentrations (high efficiency of nutrient use), reduced growth, and effective retranslocation of nutrients from senescing leaves. Plants compensate for reduced nutrient status by increasing their physiological potential to acquire the limiting nutrients. Plants adapted to high-nutrient habitats show the above responses to the greatest degree. Plants adapted to low-nutrient habitats have a high capacity to acquire those nutrients that are mobile in the soil (e.g. potassium. nitrate) and a low capacity to acquire less mobile ions (phosphate, ammonium). In response to pulses of nutrient availability, such plants exhibit luxury consumption of nutrients; these nutrient stores then support a slow growth rate over a long period of time. Although all plants growing under conditions of nutrient stress typically have high efficiency of nutrient use in producing biomass, there is currently little evidence that those plants adapted to infertile soils have a genetic potential for high rates of carbon or nutrient gain per unit nutrient. Such plants maximize their efficiency of nutrient use primarily by prolonging tissue life so that each unit of nutrient provides a maximum return before being lost from the plant.
Nutrition In Paralympics

Abstract Nutritional strategies substantially influence the sports performances of competitive athletes. A well-formulated nutritional plan is an integral component of the overall preparation of an athlete. The advancement of research in sports nutrition has shifted the paradigm about the concepts of the best diet for performance enhancement. Energy usage, muscle fuel, hydration status, and the appropriate use of ergogenic aids are the critical considerations that must be considered while formulating a nutritional plan. Nutritional considerations and requirements for the disabled substantially differ from those of able-bodied humans. In Paralympic sports, sports nutrition and nutritional requirements should be customized to the particular sport and the impairment of the athlete so that his/her performance is maximized. Special attention is mandated for sports that modify systemic responses such as an overworking cardiovascular system and mind–body interaction. Currently, literature on specific nutritional requirements for optimal sports performance of disabled individuals is scanty. Although a general line of reference may be acquired from data on able-bodied humans, caution must be exercised in directly implementing such findings to Paralympic athletes.
Signal Design When the Dimensionality of the Signal Set is Restricted to 2

We now study the optimal-signal-design problem for the case when the dimensionality of the signal set is restricted to 2. We shall show that the signal set consisting of equal spacing of the M vectors around the unit circle is the optimum, and that this optimal choice is independent of the signal-to-noise ratio. We shall then look into the question of whether it is possible to have two suboptimal signal sets, say, S i ; i = 1,…, M and S’ i ; i = 1, …, M, such that the probability of detection for S i , namely, P d (λ; S i ), is larger than that for S’ i for some signal-to-noise ratio, while the reverse is true for other signal-to-noise ratios. We shall see that a subclass of the two-dimensional signal sets does not possess this property, but that there are signal sets for which the preference does indeed depend on the signal-to-noise ratio.
What’s that yellow powder? A nuclear forensic case study

In this paper the utilization of three analytical chemistry techniques including gamma spectrometry, XRF, and ICP-MS/OES is described for performing nuclear forensic analyses on an unknown powder. We have demonstrated that each method was unique in providing specific material characteristics, yet they were also complementary for extracting useful nuclear forensic signatures. It is the integral effort of all three analytical chemistry tools in the nuclear forensic tool box that ultimately allowed us to reveal the identity of the unknown nuclear material as Nb2O5 mixed with ~ 9% HEU.
Decreasing initiation of chemotherapy time in elective patients admitted to an inpatient hematology malignancy unit.

120Background: At our institution, we observed that 86% (n = 25) of patients admitted for elective chemotherapy experienced a delay (greater than 6 hours) in initiating their treatment. Methods: We...
Reducing Moisture Stress in Cornus f1orida

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate potential means for reducing moisture stress in Cornus florida. In experiment 1, the antitranspirant (Folicote), and defoliation treatments were applied before inducing stress and after withholding water for 1 week. Folicote was not effective at either application time in reducing moisture stress; plants treated with Folicote had similar shoot water potentials as untreated. Defoliation at both times reduced moisture stress compared to control plants. In experiment 2, two defoliants, (2 chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon) and 2,3 dihydro-5,6-dimethyl-1,4-dithiin 1,1,4,4, tetroxide (Harvade), were compared at 3 rates each. Percent defoliation of dogwood was similar among treatments after 26 days, with defoliation ranging from 78 to 94 percent.
Inhaled nitric oxide protects cerebral autoregulation through prevention of impairment of ATP and calcium sensitive K channel mediated cerebrovasodilation after traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Hypotension and low cerebral perfusion pressure are associated with low cerebral blood flow, cerebral ischemia, and poor outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cerebral autoregulation is impaired after TBI, contributing to poor outcome. In prior studies, ERK mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ET-1 had been observed to be upregulated and contribute to impairment of cerebral autoregulation and histopathology after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). Activation of ATP and Calcium sensitive (Katp and Kca) channels produce cerebrovasodilation and contribute to autoregulation, both impaired after TBI. Upregulation of ERK MAPK and endothelin-1 (ET-1) produces K channel function impairment after CNS injury. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has recently been observed to prevent impairment of cerebral autoregulation and hippocampal CA1 and CA3 neuronal cell necrosis after FPI via block of upregulation of ERK MAPK and ET-1. We presently investigated whether iNO prevented impairment of Katp and Kca-mediated cerebrovasodilation after FPI in pigs equipped with a closed cranial window. Results show that pial artery dilation in response to the Katp agonist cromakalim, the Kca agonist NS1619, PGE2 and the NO releaser sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were blocked by FPI, but such impairment was prevented by iNO administered at 2 h post injury. Protection lasted for at least 1 h after iNO administration was stopped. Using vasodilaton as an index of function, these data indicate that iNO prevents impairment of cerebral autoregulation and limits histopathology after TBI through protection of K channel function via blockade of ERK MAPK and ET-1.
Fungicidal Control of Entomosporium Leaf Spot on Photinia

Daconil 2787 4.17F and 75W (chlorothalonil) controlled leaf spot on photinia (Photinia fraseri) caused by Entomosporium maculatum in 2 tests under commercial nursery conditions. Manzate 200 80W (ma...