cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Mediating Roles of Adolescent Disclosure and Parental Knowledge in the Association Between Parental Warmth and Delinquency Among Korean Adolescents

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between parental warmth and adolescent delinquency, the potential mediating roles of adolescent disclosure and parental knowledge, and gender differences in such association among Korean adolescents. We hypothesized that (1) parental warmth would be significantly and negatively associated with delinquency, (2) adolescent disclosure and parental knowledge would mediate the association between parental warmth and adolescent delinquency, and (3) the association between parental warmth and adolescent delinquency mediated through adolescent disclosure and parental knowledge would be stronger for adolescent girls than boys. Using a sample of 3125 Korean adolescents from nationally representative and longitudinal data (Korea Youth Panel Survey), results from path analyses demonstrated that findings were consistent with US samples, suggesting a negative association between parental warmth and adolescent delinquency. Further, when Korean adolescents perceived parents to be warmer, they were more likely to disclose personal information to their parents. In turn, higher levels of disclosure were associated with higher levels of parental knowledge about their adolescent children’s activities. Finally, tests of gender differences suggested that parental warmth was more closely associated with adolescent disclosure among girls than boys. Results supported a process model through which parents may shape adolescent children’s delinquency.
Research progress about specific dynamical action in the marine species

The energy consumption of the specific dynamical action(SDA) caused by ingesting food is the energy that the animal needs extra consumption when the animal deals with and transforms the food.This report explains the meanings of the SDA and research parameter,discusses the domestic and international main way and different research focal points in the present SDA study,probes into the main factors that effect on the SDA consumption energy,points out the relation between the SDA and animal growth,and forecasts the prospect and significance of the SDA study in views of two research aspects.
Biochemical measurement of cholinesterase activity.

The cholinesterases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase)In this chapter, cholinesterase will be used to refer to both enzymes together (i.e., total cholinesterase), whereas acetylcholinesterase or butyrylcholinesterase will be used when referring to the specific esterase.
Microstructure and lubrication mechanism of multilayered MoS2/Sb2O3 thin films

Multilayered MoS2/Sb2O3 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on steel substrates. A rotary multi-target holder was used to switch the laser targets for alternative growth of MoS2 and Sb2O3 layers providing nanometers thickness. The tribological properties of the films were measured in dry and wet environments and the wear scars were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The multilayer films showed a much longer wear life than pure MoS2 films in wet air tribotests. Focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopies were used to investigate the cross-sectional microstructures of wear scars. Lubricious MoS2/Sb2O3 tribofilms were built up on wear scar surfaces, and produced low friction. Micro-cracks occurred along the interface between the tribofilm and the neighboring/topmost Sb2O3 underlayer, where the Sb2O3 layer effectively inhibited the crack propagation perpendicular to the interface. The orientation of MoS2 crystals in as-deposited films was mostly random and friction-induced stress oriented the MoS2 basal planes parallel to the surface. The reorientation was confined to the topmost MoS2 layer and was not observed below the first intact Sb2O3 layer.
TU-A-201-00: Image Guidance Technologies and Management Strategies

Recent years have seen a widespread proliferation of available in-room image guidance systems for radiation therapy target localization with many centers having multiple in-room options. In this session, available imaging systems for in-room IGRT will be reviewed highlighting the main differences in workflow efficiency, targeting accuracy and image quality as it relates to target visualization. Decision-making strategies for integrating these tools into clinical image guidance protocols that are tailored to specific disease sites like H&N, lung, pelvis, and spine SBRT will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. Major system characteristics of a wide range of available in-room imaging systems for IGRT. 2. Advantages / disadvantages of different systems for site-specific IGRT considerations. 3. Concepts of targeting accuracy and time efficiency in designing clinical imaging protocols.
The Elements of Hittite: Cuneiform sign list

The following list contains all cuneiform signs given at the end of the preceding ten Lessons, as well as all signs contained in the KBo 3.4 exemplar of Mursili II’s Ten-Year Annals . The signs are listed in the order given in C. Ruster and E. Neu, Hethitisches Zeichenlexikon (abbreviated HZL; Wiesbaden 1989), the standard sign inventory in the field. The first column gives the number in HZL. The signs are ordered according to their shape, that is, starting with the simple horizontal wedge and all signs that start with one or more horizontal wedges ( through ). Then follow the slanted wedges and signs starting with them ( through ), and the same principle applies to the Winkelhaken -signs ( through ) and vertical wedges ( through ). If a variant shape is given, this is usually a later variant, although the older variant keeps being used alongside the newer one. Normally, a wedge more or less or its position in the overall build-up of a sign is distinctive, and small differences will have important consequences, resulting in a different sign with a different sound value (compare, for instance, the difference between I and DUMU , DI and KI , or PAR and QA ). In other cases, however, small variations have no consequences, like the height of the inscribed vertical in, for instance, SA, GA, or TA, either below the upper horizontal or sticking out over it ( vs. ). The sign KAN in its standard form has three inscribed verticals, but one often encounters variants with either two or four. The same is true for MES, which sometimes shows four Winkelhaken instead of the regular three. Truth is, that on the tablet itself it is often difficult to see, because the signs usually are small with an average line height of 3–4 mm. The signs LA and AT are often difficult to tell apart. In all these things, experience is the only solution.
More Efficient Testing of Metal-Oxide Memristor–Based Memory

Resistive memory is a promising emerging technology but is prone to defects due to uncertainties in nanoscale fabrication. The test time of existing techniques for bipolar metal–oxide memristors is dominated by slow writes. Fast March tests are proposed that benefit from fast write operations. The test application time is reduced significantly while simultaneously reducing the average test energy per cell. Experimental evaluation in 45-nm technology shows a speed-up of approximately 70% with a decrease in energy by approximately 40%. Design for testability (DfT) schemes are proposed to implement the new test methods.
Empirical Studies in Information Sharing

This chapter provides a non-technical literature survey of empirical studies in information sharing during the past two decades. We categorize by types of information that can be shared in a supply chain environment, such as demand, forecasts, inventory status, and product development. We encourage more empirical research to be done to further advance knowledge in this field.
A Practical Guide to the Use of Major Elements, Trace Elements, and Isotopes in Compositional Data Analysis: Applications for Deep Formation Brine Geochemistry

In the geosciences, isotopic ratios and trace element concentrations are often used along with major element concentrations to help determine sources of and processes affecting geochemical variation. Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA) is a set of tools, generally attuned to major element data, concerned with the proper statistical treatment and removal of spurious correlations from compositional data. Though recent insights have been made on the incorporation of trace elements and stable isotope ratios to CoDA, this study provides a general approach to thinking about how radiogenic isotopes, stable isotopes, and trace elements fit with major elements in the CoDA framework. In the present study, we use multiple data sets of deep formation brines and compare traditional mixing models to their CoDA counterparts to examine fluid movement between reservoirs. Concentrations of individual isotopes are calculated using isotopic ratios and global mean isotopic abundances. One key result is that isotope parts (e.g. \(^{18}\)O, \(^{17}\)O, \(^{16}\)O, \(^{2}\)H, \(^{1}\)H, \(^{87}\)Sr, \(^{86}\)Sr) can simply be modelled by the major element concentration (H\(_{2}\)O, Sr) in a clr-biplot as they are perfectly dependent. Another important result is that an ilr transformation of radiogenic isotope parts (e.g. \(^{86}\)Sr and \(^{87}\)Sr in \(^{87}\)Sr/\(^{86}\)Sr) and trace elements can, like stable isotopes in delta notation, be treated as a linear function of the isotopic ratio or trace element concentration, scaled only by a constant. This implies that there are multiple situations in which an ilr transformation provides little additional insight for the analysis of trends: (1) any two parts with low log ratio variance (e.g. an isotope ratio), no matter their concentrations in the solution, (2) any low concentration parts (trace elements) or a ratio of a trace to a major element, no matter the variance of the elements, and (3) large positive ratios (major/trace) over a restricted range of variance. Similarly, a multivariate ilr transformation of a large data set with many parts will also be a simple perturbation if the balances are evenly split between parts. CoDA transformations, however, even if they do not provide new insight in some specific cases, will provide consistent interpretations for all types of data.
Regional variation of QScS

abstract The ScS n phase-equalization and stacking algorithm of Jordan and Sipkin (1977) has been applied to an extensive set of HGLP and ASRO data to obtain regionalized estimates of Q ScS . Tests of the algorithm using synthetic data reveal no significant sources of bias. The low value of Q ScS previously obtained for the western Pacific (156 ± 13) is corroborated by additional data, and Q ScS observations in other regions correlate with variations in crustal age and tectonic type. A representative value for the ocean basins sampled by our data is 150, with the best estimates being somewhat lower (135 to 142) for younger oceanic regions and somewhat higher (155 to 184) for older regions. The two subduction zones sampled here, Kuril-Japan and western South America, are characterized by larger Q ScS estimates than the ocean basins (197 ± 31 and 266 ± 57, respectively), and the difference between them is qualitatively consistent wit the contrasts in upper-mantle attenuation structure proposed by Sacks and Okada (1974). Continental regions are poorly sampled in this study because the signal-generated noise in the vicinity of the ScS n phases is generally larger for continental paths, but a representative value is inferred to be Q ScS = 225. For paths crossing China, Q ScS is observed to be lower (∼180), providing additional evidence for a high-temperature upper mantle previously inferred from surface-wave and travel-time measurements. Our best estimate for the average Earth is Q ScS = 170 (±20 per cent), which appears to be significantly lower than that predicted by normal mode data, suggesting some frequency dependence. Q − 1 ScS correlates with ScS n - ScS n −1 travel time along a line given by Q S c S − 1 = ( 4.4 × 10 − 4 ) Δ T S c S + 4.88 × 10 − 3 , where Δ T ScS is the JB residual in seconds; this correlation favors a thermal control on the Δ T ScS variations. It is inferred from the tectonic correlations that much, if not most, of the heterogeneity expressed in the Q ScS and Δ T ScS variations is confined to the upper mantle. Substantial differences in the attenuation structures underlying continents and oceans are implied. In fact, the average quality factor for the upper mantle beneath stable cratons may not be much less than that for the lower mantle.
Abstract P225: Time of Food Intake is an Important Determinant of Blood Pressure Circadian Rhythm

Blood pressure (BP) exhibits a 24-hour rhythm. Loss of BP oscillation is associated with significantly higher risk of target organ injuries. However, the mechanisms underlying the BP circadian rhythm remain incompletely understood. While light is a well-established prominent external cue that entrains intrinsic clock and circadian rhythm, recent studies indicate food intake is also an important external cue that can potently entrain intrinsic clocks especially those in peripheral tissues. However, whether BP circadian rhythm is affected by the time of food intake is unknown. If yes, via what mechanisms: are peripheral clocks and vascular functions involved? To address these specific questions, we used 12-14 weeks old male Per2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice and investigated the effects of a two-week long, 10 hours light phase time restricted feeding (TRF, food only available from ZT2 to ZT 12) on BP circadian rhythm, clock gene oscillations and vascular contractile function. In the TRF group, food intake was initially decreased but gradually recovered to the ad libitum level by day 5. TRF did not alter body weight but significantly decreased non-fasting blood glucose. The BP was monitored continuously using radiotelemetry from 2 days prior to until 14 days after the TRF. Interestingly, the normal 24 hour BP oscillating rhythm transformed to a 12 hour oscillating rhythm by day 3 after TRF. Using LumiCycle, we investigated the clock gene Per2 expression in various isolated tissues. We found that the phase of Per2 luciferase oscillations was significantly shifted in liver and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) containing brain slices, but was not significantly changed in aorta or mesenteric arteries. The oscillation amplitude of Per1 at mRNA level was suppressed in mesenteric arteries. Interestingly, the isometric contractile responses to high potassium depolarization, alpha1 agonist phenylephrine, and 5-HT were significantly suppressed in the abdominal aorta isolated from TRF group compared to those from ad libitum feed group. In summary, our results demonstrate that the time of food intake is an important determinant of blood pressure circadian rhythm. Moreover, time of food intake affects vascular clock gene oscillations and function.
Surgical Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Children with Medically Intractable Epilepsy (MIE) Caused by Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) (S48.004)

OBJECTIVE: To report surgical outcome (SO) and prognostic factors (PF) in children with MIE caused by different types of FCD. BACKGROUND: FCD is the most common cause of MIE in children. Epilepsy surgery (ES) is a gold-standard treatment in these patients (Pt). Seizure freedom is lower if FCD is the cause of MIE. There is controversy surrounding the PF for SO, especially with respect to FCD type. DESIGN/METHODS: 82 Pt with histologically proven FCD were retrospectively studied. Pt with FCD who underwent ES for MIE between 2001 and 2008 with ≥ 4 year follow up were included in the study. Data regarding sex, age at seizure onset (ASO), duration of 1st seizure to surgery (DSS), developmental delay (DD) or mental retardation (MR), presurgical workup, surgery type, completeness of resection (CR - lack of FCD on postoperative MRI and complete resection of epileptogenic zones using intracranial EEG), FCD pathology type and SO were collected. Statistical significance was determined using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: 42 Pt were female and 40 were male. Age at surgery ranged from 1 mo to 22 yr (Median 117 mo). Median DSS was 67 mo and follow up was 64 mo. Among 82 Pt, 19 had mild malformation of cortical development, 14 had FCD1, 23 had FCD2 and 26 had FCD3. DD or MR was noted in 44 Pt, CR in 63 Pt, extratemporal FCD in 57 and temporal FCD in 25 Pt. MRI showed FCD in 70 Pt and was nonlesional in 12 Pt. Engle class 1 surgical outcome was noted in 56 Pt (68.3%), Engle class 2 in 20.7%, Engle class 3 in 11%. The only significant prognostic factor was CR (p CONCLUSIONS: These findings strongly suggest consideration of ES in Pt with MIE caused by FCD. CR is the only significant factor for predicting seizure freedom. Disclosure: Dr. Laoprasert has nothing to disclose. Dr. White has nothing to disclose. Dr. Knupp has nothing to disclose. Dr. O9Neill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Park has received research support from Lundbeck and Eisai Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Chapman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Shmueli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Handler has nothing to disclose.
Monitoring rubber plantation expansion using Landsat data time series and a Shapelet-based approach

Abstract The expansion of tree plantations in tropical forests for commercial rubber cultivation threatens biodiversity which may affect ecosystem services, and hinders ecosystem productivity, causing net carbon emission. Numerous studies refer to the challenge of reliably distinguishing rubber plantations from natural forest, using satellite data, due to their similar spectral signatures, even when phenology is incorporated into an analysis. This study presents a novel approach for monitoring the establishment and expansion of rubber plantations in Seima Protection Forest (SPF), Cambodia (1995–2015), by detecting and analyzing the ‘shapelet’ structure in a Landsat-NDVI time series. This paper introduces a new classification procedure consisting of two steps: (1) an exhaustive-searching algorithm to detect shapelets that represent a period for relatively low NDVI values within an image time series; and (2) a t-test used to determine if NDVI values of detected shapelets are significantly different than their non-shapelet trend, thereby indicating the presence of rubber plantations. Using this approach, historical rubber plantation events were mapped over the twenty-year timespan. The shapelet algorithm produced two types of information: (1) year of rubber plantation establishment; and (2) pre-conversion land-cover type (i.e., agriculture, or natural forest). The overall accuracy of the rubber plantation map for the year of 2015 was 89%. The multi-temporal map products reveal that more than half of the rubber planting activity (57%) took place in 2010 and 2011, following the granting of numerous rubber concessions two years prior. Seventy-three percent of the rubber plantations were converted from natural forest and twenty-three percent were established on non-forest land-cover. The shapelet approach developed here can be used reliably to improve our understanding of the expansion of rubber production beyond Seima Protection Forest of Cambodia, and likely elsewhere in the tropics.
Primary Historical Sources in the Classroom

I study student response to learning from a specific historical curricular module and compare this to advantages of learning from historical sources cited in education literature. The curricular module is “Networks and Spanning Trees,” based on the original works of Arthur Cayley, Heinz Prufer and Otakar Borůvka. Cayley identifies a compelling pattern in the enumeration of (labeled) trees, although his counting argument is incomplete. Prufer provides an alternate proof of “Cayley’s formula” by counting all railway networks connecting n towns that contain the least number of segments. Borůvka develops one of the first algorithms for finding a minimal spanning tree by considering how best to connect n towns to an electrical network.
Fundamentals of Becoming a Safe and Independent Surgeon (From First Assistant to Skilled Educator)

General surgery residency training, governed by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in collaboration with the American Board of Surgery (ABS), continues to evolve to meet the needs of the present-day healthcare climate and to address specific areas of deficiency so that graduating surgeons can be competent and proficient. Despite these efforts, the transition to independent surgical practice is difficult from a personal and professional perspective due to newfound operative autonomy and practice management. Key principles can be applied to alleviate these challenges and include formal transition to practice programs, finding a valuable mentor, setting up for early success by taking on low-complexity cases, developing collaborative relationships, and adhering to society guidelines.
Elementary Considerations of the Time and Geometry of Rotating Reference Frames

Elementary methods of synchronization on rotating systems are discussed. It is argued that the continuous time synchronization preferred by Klauber and others is not the time synchronization for making distance measurements but rather leads to a velocity of light which depends on direction. A paradox discovered by Selleri will also be discussed. This paradox involves a limiting case of the rotating disk in which the edge of the disk approximates an inertial frame where the velocity of light depends on direction. In addition, a paradox on the conservation of charge will be resolved by referring to the geometry of the rotating disk. Finally, the isotropy of the velocity of light on rotating frames is discussed along with the experimental evidence of Brillet and Hall.
The Allen Brain Atlas

The Allen Brain Atlas is an online publicly available resource that integrates gene expression and connectivity data with neuroanatomical information for the mouse, human, and non-human primate. Launched in 2004 by the Allen Institute for Brain Science, the portal currently receives about 45000 unique users each month. More than one petabyte of in situ hybridization imagery and over 240 million microarray data points from six adult human brains representing 3700 tissue samples have been generated to date. As one of the most comprehensive gene expression resources for the nervous system, scientists regularly use these resources to study the expression profile of genes in the various regions of the brain. Additional usage includes searching for biomarkers, correlating gene expression to neuroanatomy, and other large-scale correlative data analysis. This chapter reviews the resources available and describes how they were constructed to enable development of visualization and search tools to analyze the massive amount of data generated. Finally, examples are provided on how these tools can be leveraged for scientific discovery.
4.35 – Integrins and Cadherins – Extracellular Matrix in Memory Formation

Cell adhesion receptors provide neurons with adhesive and signaling properties that are essential for normal communication between neurons and for the plastic properties that underlie learning. The integrins are one large class of receptors that have recently been shown to participate in various forms of synaptic plasticity in rodents, including long-term potentiation, and in various forms of learning and memory, including spatial learning and working memory. The cadherins are a second large class of receptors that also have critical roles in synapse formation, maturation, stability, and plasticity through their calcium-based adhesive properties and signaling properties. Both of these major classes of cell adhesion receptors participate in several different pathways for cellular signaling; one major target of signaling for both classes of receptors is the actin cytoskeleton. This is important because neuron and synapse shape changes have been documented due to stimulation and a large body of evidence indicates that morphological changes that occur reflect functional changes in synaptic function.
Laser Machining Applications

This chapter presents laser machining results from industrial applications and laboratory experiments. In general, laser machining produces parts with higher dimensional accuracy and surface quality than those produced with conventional processes, and with higher material removal rates. Materials that can be machined by lasers include metals, ceramics, plastics, composites, wood, glass and rubber. Laser drilling can produce holes as small as 0.05mm in diameter in workpieces at a rate of up to 1ms/hole. It is used in industry for producing holes in turbine blades, combustion chambers, and aerosol nozzles, among other applications. Laser cutting is used to produce intricate two-dimensional shapes in workpieces made out of materials such as sheet metal and paper up to 15mm thick with high cutting speeds. Laser scribing has been used to create channels in ceramic substrates for cooling and identification labels in finished parts. Finally, three-dimensional laser machining has been used in a research effort to implement turning, milling and threading operations. Quality issues related to laser machining such as dross formation in metals, microcrack formation in ceramics and matrix decomposition in composites are also discussed in this chapter.
Frequency and temporal sequence of clinical features in adults with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis presenting with psychiatric symptoms.

BackgroundAnti-NMDA receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis is the most common autoimmune encephalitis in adults. It mimics psychiatric disorders so often that most patients are initially referred to a psychiatrist, and many are misdiagnosed. Without prompt and effective treatment, patients are likely to suffer a protracted course with significant residual disability, or death. This study focuses on the frequency and chronology of salient clinical features in adults with anti-NMDAr encephalitis who are likely to be first evaluated by a psychiatrist because their presentation suggests a primary psychiatric disorder.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases identified published reports of anti-NMDAr encephalitis associated with prominent behavioral or psychiatric symptoms. After eliminating redundancies, the frequencies and relative timing of clinical features were tabulated. Signs and symptoms were assigned temporal ranks based on the timing of their first appearance relative to the first appearance of other signs and symptoms in each patient; median ranks were used to compare temporal sequencing of both individual features and major symptom domains.ResultsTwo hundred thirty unique cases (185 female) met study inclusion criteria. The most common features were seizures (60.4%), disorientation/confusion (42.6%), orofacial dyskinesias (39.1%), and mutism/staring (37.4%). Seizures, fever, and cognitive dysfunction were often the earliest features to emerge, but psychiatric features predominated and sequencing varied greatly between individuals.ConclusionsClinicians should consider anti-NMDAr encephalitis when new psychiatric symptoms are accompanied by a recent viral prodrome, seizures or unexplained fever, or when the quality of the psychiatric symptoms is unusual (e.g. non-verbal auditory hallucinations).
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Utilization of Preventive Health Care Services Among Asian Americans in Michigan during Pre- and Post-Affordable Care Act Implementation

Since the implementation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), significant increases in the percent of insured United States residents has steadily increased. Studies have shown that there is an increase in preventative services usage and a decrease in chronic disease burden with increased access to insurance. However, very little has been studied about how the implementation of ACA has impacted utilization of health services and health status among Asian Americans. In this study, we recruited 427 Asian Americans who attended health fairs and examined (1) changes in health care coverage and utilization of preventive health services before and after ACA, (2) health status on chronic disease risk factors, (3) comparing health services utilization by insurance status and types of insurance, and (4) identifying relationships between health care utilization and demographic factors. Study results indicate that even though the percentage of insured Asian Americans in Michigan increased significantly over study periods, health care utilization and chronic disease burden did not change significantly. The insured tended to utilize preventive health services more than the uninsured, but the types of insurance did not affect health care utilization. Gender and having a primary care physician were significant predictors in determining health care utilization. There is a need in this population for language-appropriate and culturally-sensitive education about the importance and availability of preventive services, which could improve adherence to preventive health services, thereby reducing health disparities.
Conflict and Stress among Rural Special Educators.

The relationship among role ambiguity and role conflict on the three burnout factors of depersonalization, personal accomplishment and emotional exhaustion were evaluated in this study. These facto...
Preoperative Imaging in Patients Undergoing Cholecystectomy

Cholecystectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations worldwide. Gallstone pathology with its different variants remains the most common underlying etiology leading to such surgery. With a continuous commitment to lessening the perioperative complications from laparoscopic cholecystectomy, experts have committed to the improvement of the perioperative care from every aspect. The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis has proven to play a vital role, hence, the role of imaging studies in delineating the underlying anatomy and the severity of the biliary pathology. Imaging modalities have evolved over the past years, and such technology has played a vital role in the precision of the preoperative diagnosis. Knowing in advance what would be encountered during the surgery would prepare surgeons to conduct a safer operation. Furthermore, knowing in advance about anatomical variation could prove to be of critical importance for surgery and consequently for patient safety.
Opposites attract: Impact of background color on effectiveness of emotional charity appeals

Abstract The present work utilizes research on context effects and color psychology to investigate how background color can enhance the effectiveness of positive and negative charity appeals. Five experiments measuring both actual donations and donation intention examine the hypothesis that a negative charity appeal against an orange (vs. blue) background and a positive charity appeal against a blue (vs. orange) background will increase donations. We propose that this is because blue and orange colors are incongruous with positive and negative charity appeals, respectively, due to the affective valences of the appeals and the perceptions of warmth and coldness cued by the background colors. This incongruity enhances the attention people pay to the charity appeals, thereby strengthening their emotional response to the appeals, which increases charitable donations. When attention is manipulated, people who pay a high (vs. low) level of attention to the charity appeal are more likely to donate regardless of the color and valence of the appeal, suggesting attention is an important antecedent to the intensity of the emotional response and subsequent donation behavior. We also identify affect diagnosticity as a boundary condition for the effect – when people are informed that color affects their emotions, the contextual effect of color disappears.
LEFT ATRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITHSYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) manifested as focal brain injury on MRI or cognitive dysfunctionis common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the association of LA dysfunction and CVD in SLE patients in sinus rhythm has not been established. 66patients with SLE (96% women,
Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Nursing Implications

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is an unsolved and potentially life-compromising problem for most patients receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy. It manifests with numbness, tingling, and possibly neuropathic pain and motor and autonomic symptoms. This review aims to provide an evidence synthesis that prepares nurses to comprehensively assess, provide supportive care for, and critically evaluate the literature on CIPN. The prevalence, significance, characteristics, mechanisms, and risk factors of CIPN will be discussed, as well as nursing-relevant evidence on the assessment, prevention, and management of CIPN. The importance of critical literature evaluation before clinical implementation to reduce physical and financial harms to patients will also be highlighted.
Collaborating with the Dead: Adapters as Secret Agents

Taking off from several contradictions in popular notions of agency, this essay considers the hypothesis that all apparently independent agents are in fact delegated agents acting on behalf of other, often unacknowledged collaborators, especially the dead whom their collaboration honors even as it presses them into service. The premise that all acts of creation and criticism, whether they are signed by single or multiple authors, are collaborations with the dead raises a series of crucial questions about the nature of collaboration, creation, agency, independence, performance, and power the essay takes preliminary steps toward exploring.
Evaluation of the Initiation Timing of Hydrocortisone in Adult Patients With Septic Shock.

Introduction Clinical studies evaluating the use of hydrocortisone in patients with septic shock are heterogeneous in design with conflicting results. The appropriate time in which to initiate hydrocortisone after shock onset is unknown. This study sought to compare clinical outcomes including vasopressor duration and mortality in patients with septic shock who received hydrocortisone based on timing of initiation after shock onset. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients between 2011 and 2017 admitted to 10 medical, surgical, and neurosciences intensive care units (ICUs) at a large, tertiary care academic medical center. Adult patients with vasopressor-dependent septic shock who received hydrocortisone were included. Patients were divided into five timing cohorts based on time after shock onset: 0-6, 6-12, 12-24, 24-48, or >48 h. The primary outcome was days alive and free from vasopressors. Results One thousand four hundred seventy patients were included: 567 (38.6%) received hydrocortisone between 0 and 6 h, 231 (15.7%) 6 and 12 h, 260 (17.7%) 12 and 24 h, 195 (13.3%) 24 and 48 h, and 217 (14.8%) >48 h after shock onset. Patients who received hydrocortisone earlier were sicker at baseline with higher APACHE III scores, lactate concentrations, and norepinephrine requirements. On univariate analysis, days alive and free from vasopressors did not significantly differ amongst the timing groups (median 3.3 days for 0-6 h; 1.9 for 6-12 h; 1.9 for 12-24 h; 0 for 24-48 h; 0 for >48 h; P = 0.39); similarly, ICU mortality did not differ. On multivariable linear regression, timing of hydrocortisone was independently associated with more days alive and free from vasopressors when comparing initiation within 0 to 6 h with >48 h (beta-coefficient 2.8 days [95% CI 0.8-4.7]), 6-12 h with >48 h (2.5 days [95% CI 0.2-4.7]), and 12-24 h with >48 h (2.3 days [95% CI 0.2-4.5]). On multivariable logistic regression, timing of hydrocortisone was associated with reduced ICU mortality when comparing receipt within 0 to 6 h of shock onset to >48 h after shock onset (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.8). Conclusions In patients in whom hydrocortisone is prescribed for vasopressor-dependent septic shock, timing is crucial and hydrocortisone should be started within the first 12 h after shock onset.
Education, migration and citizenship in Europe: untangling policy initiatives for human rights and racial justice

The 21st century has seen changes in migration patterns in Europe with implications for schooling and civic education: movement from eastern and central European Union member states to western Euro...
Feeling better on hemodialysis: user-centered design requirements for promoting patient involvement in the prevention of treatment complications.

OBJECTIVE Hemodialysis patients frequently experience dialysis therapy sessions complicated by intradialytic hypotension (IDH), a major patient safety concern. We investigate user-centered design requirements for a theory-informed, peer mentoring-based, informatics intervention to activate patients toward IDH prevention. METHODS We conducted observations (156 hours) and interviews (n = 28) with patients in 3 hemodialysis clinics, followed by 9 focus groups (including participatory design activities) with patients (n = 17). Inductive and deductive analyses resulted in themes and design principles linked to constructs from social, cognitive, and self-determination theories. RESULTS Hemodialysis patients want an informatics intervention for IDH prevention that collapses distance between patients, peers, and family; harnesses patients' strength of character and resolve in all parts of their life; respects and supports patients' individual needs, preferences, and choices; and links "feeling better on dialysis" to becoming more involved in IDH prevention. Related design principles included designing for: depth of interpersonal connections; positivity; individual choice and initiative; and comprehension of connections and possible actions. DISCUSSION Findings advance the design of informatics interventions by presenting design requirements for outpatient safety and addressing key design opportunities for informatics to support patient involvement; these include incorporation of behavior change theories. Results also demonstrate the meaning of design choices for hemodialysis patients in the context of their experiences; this may have applicability to other populations with serious illnesses. CONCLUSION The resulting patient-facing informatics intervention will be evaluated in a pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial in 28 hemodialysis facilities in 4 US regions.
Citizenship and Its Discontents: Introduction to Beyond Civil Disobedience—Social Nullification and Black Citizenship

This chapter is an overview of the concept of the “citizen” as it came to be understood in Western Enlightenment thought and its application to the conditions of African-descended peoples in the United States. Positioning the conditions of African-American citizenship as a defining category of American democracy, its realization or lack thereof signifies the civic integrity of the state. The chapter presents social nullification as the failure of the state to apply citizenship to African-American constituents and the African-American response to these failings and as the central theme of the book.
The role of trade-offs and feedbacks in shaping integrated plasticity, behavioral syndromes, and behavioral correlations

Despite a decade and a half of intensive research effort, we still have little understanding of why behavioral responses are frequently correlated. This gap in our understanding stems from the fact that much of the work looking into behavioral correlations has focused on among-individual correlations, i.e. "behavioral syndromes". Unfortunately, this focus on syndromes ignores the fact that behavioral correlations are, instead, primarily due to within-individual correlations
Interpersonal (mis)perceptions and (mis)predictions in patient–clinician interactions

Patient-clinician interactions require an interpersonal exchange of information, preferences, expectations, values, and priorities. Given the brief interaction patients and clinicians are allowed, many barriers to effective communication exist, resulting in patients and clinicians leaving an interaction with discordant perceptions of what has occurred and what is to come. We review literature on concordance and lack thereof, between patient and clinician perceptions, reasons why discordance may occur, how to decrease discordance as well as how dischordance impacts patient care and outcomes.
Molecular Networks that Regulate Development

Changing networks of genes and proteins underlie the development of all multicellular organisms. Specific cell types arise as the result of their developmental history and adapt their physiology to their function. Understanding the structure of the networks that gate and regulate the temporal sequence of events leading to the terminally differentiated state requires knowledge of the critical molecular components and their interconnections. Once the general architecture of a network is known with some confidence, detailed quantitative analyses of the individual reactions can lead to testable predictions (Loomis and Sternberg, 1995). However, embryogenesis of most metazoans is so complex that it will be some time before it is possible to have a complete understanding of the sequence of events leading from an egg to a newborn. At present we can only glimpse the workings of certain subsystems. Luckily, the evolution of development has followed the path of least resistance and used pre-existing networks that were present in simpler ancestors. With some tinkering, networks selected for one function can be adapted to another.
Chapter 3 – Constructing Messages

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some basics of data encoding. It is intended to help avoid some of the common pitfalls of formatting and parsing messages. The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet protocol transports bytes of user data without examining or modifying them. This service allows great flexibility in how they encode their information for transmission. For various reasons, most application protocols are defined in terms of discrete messages made up of fields; each field contains a specific piece of information. The application protocol needs to specify how the data are formatted by the sender, so that the receiver can parse it into its components and extract the meaning of those components. One way to represent the withdrawal and deposit information is to encode the numbers as strings of printable decimal digits, that is, sequences of bytes whose values are determined according to a character encoding such as ASCII. Application protocols typically deal with discrete messages, which are viewed as collections of fields.
Simultaneous Use of Contrasting Fluorochromes to Separate Measles and Canine Distemper Viruses in a Common System

Measles and canine distemper viruses were grown together in a Vero monkey kidney cell line. Each virus could be identified and individually titrated by using the color contrast produced by the reddish tetra-methyl rhodamine isothiocyanate-tagged antimeasles conjugate and the green fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged antidistemper conjugate. Both blue light and green light were used for the excitation of the fluorochromes. Incident light was transmitted to the specimen by a vertical illuminator of the Ploem type.
Modeling the performance of a wireless node in multihop ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we model a wireless node's state transition using a Markov chain model in a multihop ad hoc network. To investigate how the metrics, such as transmit power, contention window size, and node density, affect a node's performance with interference, our model takes into account the interfering nodes in the entire system. Most of the previous work either didn't consider all the interfering nodes in the network or simply ignored interference. Based on a Markov chain model, we calculate a node's throughput, consumed energy and delay time. From the numerical results, we conclude that: 1. transmit power, contention window size, and node density affects the network performance. 2. Throughput and energy can be optimized together, whereas optimizing delay time results in tradeoffs in throughput and consumed energy. 3. A high transmit power can not guarantee a low delay time.
En forêt, la musique: entre inquiétude et sentiment d’intimité (Goğğam, Ethiopie)

Sur les plateaux ethiopiens du Goggam, les bergers passent une grande partie de leur temps a siffler, chanter ou jouer de la flute. Ces forets sont des lieux a la marge de la vie sociale, peuplees de bandits. La musique peut etre a la fois consideree comme un outil de controle de cet espace sauvage, et comme un risque de se faire entendre des rodeurs malveillants de la foret. La musique est donc un acte de bravoure en meme temps qu’un intense moment de solitude et de vulnerabilite.
A Pesquisa Científica e o Interesse Público

This essay summarizes the main conclusion of a research project that examined the relationships between science and technology and the public interest in Brazil, in the areas of agriculture, environment, pharmaceutical research and the social sciences – labor and education. The main proposition is that, in developing countries, the main potential partner and user of research-based knowledge is not the private, but the public sector. The partnership between research institutions and public agencies requires new ways of organizing both the research and the science policy institutions, in order to increase their social usefulness and to preserve the freedom and quality standards which are essential in any scientific and technological endeavor.
The Effect of Caffeine on Diaphragmatic Activity and Tidal Volume in Preterm Infants

Objective To determine the effect of caffeine on diaphragmatic activity, tidal volume (V t ), and end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) in preterm infants. Study design Using transcutaneous electromyography of the diaphragm (dEMG), we measured diaphragmatic activity from 30 minutes before (baseline) to 3 hours after administration of an intravenous caffeine-base loading dose in 30 spontaneously breathing preterm infants (mean gestational age, 29.1 ± 1.3 weeks), most of whom were on noninvasive respiratory support. Diaphragmatic activity was expressed as the percentage change in dEMG amplitude, area under the curve, respiratory rate, and inspiratory and expiratory times. Using respiratory inductive plethysmography, we measured changes in V t and EELV from baseline. These outcome variables were calculated at 8 fixed time points after caffeine administration (5, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes) and compared with baseline. Results Caffeine administration resulted in rapid (within 5 minutes) increases in dEMG amplitude (median, 43%; IQR, 24%-63%; P P t also increased by a median of 30% (IQR, 7%-48%), and this change was significantly correlated with the change in dEMG amplitude ( r = 0.67; P Conclusion Caffeine treatment results in a rapid and sustained increase in diaphragmatic activity and V t in preterm infants.
A General Framework for Subexponential Discrete Logarithm Algorithms in Groups of Unknown Order

We develop a generic framework for the computation of logarithms in finite class groups. The model allows us to formulate a probabilistic algorithm based on collecting relations in an abstract way independently of the specific type of group to which it is applied, and to prove a subex-ponential running time if a certain smoothness assumption is verified. The algorithm proceeds in two steps: first, it determines the abstract group structure as a product of cyclic groups; second, it computes an explicit isomorphism, which can be used to extract discrete logarithms.