cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of iatrogenic hyperthyroidism in a community hospital

Background: There is wide agreement that thyroid hormone replacement should not be given in doses sufficient to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of patients currently taking levothyroxine who have an inappropriately suppressed TSH and are thereby at risk for complications of overt or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Those complications of particular concern are osteoporosis and cardiac toxicity, specifically atrial dysrhythmias and development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: The charts of all 1652 patients dispensed levothyroxine in 1994 from an Air Force community hospital were selected for review. Of these, 905 patients had an available TSH measurement for the same calendar year, and their status was evaluated further. Results: Of 905 patients, 110 (12.2 percent) had TSH levels ofless than 0.1 μU/mL; 63 (7 percent) had no indication for suppression, and 21 (2.5 percent) were overtly thyrotoxic. The odds ratio for inappropriate suppression in women was 2.83 (95 percent CI 1.05 - 7.68). Conclusion: The frequent use of levothyroxine suggests that TSH suppression could represent a serious public health concern, particularly for postmenopausal women and patients with heart disease.
Semantic Structure of the German Spatial Particle über

This paper analyzes the semantic structure of the German spatial particle uber based on the principles of Cognitive Linguistics. By applying the Polysemy Network Model (Tyler and Evans 2003), thirteen distinct senses of uber are identified and conceptual connections between them are elucidated. Furthermore, the semantic structure of English over (the closest counterpart of uber) established by Tyler and Evans is expanded, and additional criteria for determining the primary and other distinct senses are proposed. Finally, the network of senses for uber is applied to its functions as a separable or inseparable prefix in an attempt to provide insights into the issues of prefix (in)separability in German and to account for the meaning of uber in a unified manner.
Donage and in Situ Annealing during Ion Implantation

Formation of amorphous (..cap alpha..) layers in Si during ion implantation in the energy range 100 keV-11 MeV and temperature range liquid nitrogen (LN)-100/sup 0/C has been investigated. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) shows that buried amorphous layers can be created for both room temperature (RT) and LN temperature implants, with a wider 100 percent amorphous region for the LN cooled case. The relative narrowing of the ..cap alpha.. layer during RT implantation is attributed to in-situ annealing. Implantation to the same fluence at temperatures above 100/sup 0/C does not produce ..cap alpha.. layers. To further investigate in situ annealing effects, specimens already containing buried ..cap alpha.. layers were further irradiated with ion beams in the temperature range RT-400/sup 0/C. It was found that isolated small ..cap alpha.. zones (less than or equal to 50 diameter) embedded in the crystalline matrix near the two ..cap alpha../c interfaces dissolved into the crystal but the thickness of the 100 percent ..cap alpha.. layer was not appreciably affected by further implantation at 200/sup 0/C. A model for in situ annealing during implantation is presented.
The Disproportionate Representation of African Americans in Special Education Looking Behind the Curtain for Understanding and Solutions

The overrepresentation of African American children and youth in special education programs for students with learning disabilities, severe emotional or behavioral disabilities, and mental disabilities has remained a persistent reality even after more than 20 years of recognition. After reviewing these recurring patterns, a critical-theory mode of inquiry is used to discuss how certain basic assumptions, world-views, beliefs, and epistemologies used by some special education knowledge producers serve to perpetuate the disproportionality drama. The author concludes by suggesting that the voices of qualitatively different knowledge producers, who are culturally and interculturally competent, are needed to bring resolution to this persistent challenge.
Potentialities beyond Deficit Perspectives: Globalization, Culture and Urban Science Education in the Bronx.

The major focus of this ethnographic study is devoted to exploring the confluence of global and local referents of science education in the context of an urban chemistry laboratory classroom taught by a first-generation Filipino-American male teacher. This study investigates encounters between the teacher and four second-generation immigrant female students of color, as well as encounters among the four students. The pervasive spread of neoliberal ideology of accountability and sanctions both globally and locally, particularly in public high schools in the Bronx, New York City fuel situations for teaching and learning science that are encoded with the referents of top-down control. In the face of theses challenges, classroom participants must become aware of productive ways to build solidarity and interstitial culture across salient social boundaries, such as age, gender, ethnicity and role, to create and sustain successful teaching and learning of chemistry. Empirical evidence for solidarity was guided by physical and verbal displays of synchrony, mutual focus, entrainment, and emotional energy, body gestures, and prosody markers. This study shows that classroom participants used a combination of prosody markers to appropriate resources to decrease breaches in face-to-face encounters and, at the same time, create and sustain participation and solidarity to successfully complete an acid–base experiment.
On a frequency domain analog of Prony's method

A technique is presented for determining the transfer function of an nth-order pole-zero system when its frequency response is specified at 2n+1 distinct frequencies. It involves solving only two sets of linear simultaneous equations. The author makes clear its analogy to the famous Prony method. Although known since 1934, the technique appears to be new to the area of signal processing. >
Mathematical Constructivism in Spacetime

To what extent can constructive mathematics based on intuitionistic logic recover the mathematics needed for spacetime physics? Certain aspects of this important question are examined, both technical and philosophical. On the technical side, order, connectivity and extremization properties of the continuum are reviewed, and attention is called to certain striking results concerning causal structure in general Relativity Theory, in particular the singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose. As they stand, these results appear to elude constructivization. On the philosophical side, it is argued that any mentalist-based radical constructivism suffers from a kind of neokantian apriorism. It would be at best a lucky accident if objective spacetime structure mirrored mentalist mathematics. The latter would seem implicitly committed to a leibnizian relationist view of spacetime, but it is doubtful if implementation of such a view would overcome the objection. As a result, an anti-realist view of physics seems forced on the radical constructivist
Compatibilization of polyester/polyamide blends via catalytic ester‐amide interchange reaction

In a series of publications we reported on melt rheology, morphology, and mechanical properties of the poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(amide-6,6) blends (PET/PA). The non-oriented samples had poor interphase bonding resulting in low impact and tensile strengths. To improve these properties the ester-amide interchange reaction was carried out in solution and in melt. In the latter case a Brabender Plastograph was used in the mixing chamber or twin-screw extruder configurations with p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The interchange reaction was followed by 400 MHz proton and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Vortex Formation in Ellipsoidal Thermal Bubbles

The rise of an isolated dry thermal bubble in a quiescent unstratified environment is a prototypical natural convective flow. This study considers the rise of an isolated dry thermal bubble of ellipsoidal shape (elliptical in both horizontal and vertical cross sections). The azimuthal asymmetry of the bubble allows the vorticity tilting mechanism to operate without an environmental wind. The dry Boussinesq equations of motion are solved analytically as a Taylor series in time for the early time behavior of the bubble (involving derivatives of up to the third order in time). The analytic results are supplemented with numerical simulations to examine the longertime behavior. The first nonzero term in the Taylor expansion for the vertical vorticity is a third-order term, and appears as a four-leaf clover pattern with lobes of alternating sign. The horizontal flow associated with this vorticity pattern first appears as a sheared stagnation point-type flow, but eventually organizes into vertical vortices that fill the bubble. The vortices induce large structural changes to the bubble and eventually reverse the sense of the azimuthal asymmetry. 1. Introduction and background Natural (free) convective flows abound in nature and technology. Examples include flows induced by lit cigarettes, computer CPUs, electronic circuitry, radiator fins, charcoal grills, and the heated ground. The structure of the convective atmospheric boundary layer is dependent, in part, on the statistical structure of individual and mutually interacting convective elements, and on the interactions between convective elements and the environmental wind. Many of these and other natural convective flows are azimuthally asymmetric. However, because even the most idealized natural convective entities are intrinsically nonlinear (fluid inertia and the coupling between dynamical and thermodynamical variables are essential aspects of the problem), they have been difficult to analyze theoretically without considering their ensemble characteristics to be axisymmetric or slab-symmetric. The present study is one of the first to focus on the impact of asymmetrical geometry (ellipticity in both horizontal and vertical cross sections) on the behavior of an isolated thermal bubble. The azimuthal ellipticity allows the vorticity tilting mechanism to operate even in the absence of wind shear. The subsequent development of vertical vortices and associated
Television as Text

When Ann Perkins and Leslie Knope meet, it is because of a yawning gap. Literally, the gap is an abandoned construction zone in a residential area that has left a dangerous pit in the neighborhood. Symbolically, it is the deep chasm separating citizens from their government. Leslie and Ann, characters in the popular NBC comedy Parks and Recreation, exemplify a practitioner citizen relationship dynamic not typically examined in either mainstream or academic channels. Their friendship is a codified example of reflexivity, a model for healing the wounds of bureaucrat bashing, and an opportunity to examine citizen engagement through the lens of television satire.
Impacts of temperature thresholds on power generation in the Upper Mississippi River Basin under different climate scenarios

Recent droughts and heat waves have revealed the vulnerability of some power plants to effects from higher temperature intake water for cooling. To avoid heating the cooling water beyond temperature thresholds set by the EPA, some plants have been forced to reduce their power generation. At the same time, future warming of water resources from heat waves, droughts, or climate change might increase ambient air temperature (one of the primary factors affecting intake temperature, and thus cooling effluent temperature) putting plants at risk of even greater de-rating. In this evaluation, we sought to model and predict which plants would have the greatest risk of de-rating due to thermal discharge limits. To do so, we created a regression model of average monthly intake temperatures for open loop and recirculating cooling pond systems for power plants in the Upper Mississippi River Basin using ambient air temperature, wind speed, historical intake temperatures, and historical effluent temperatures. We then integrate that information into a thermodynamic model of energy flows within each power plant to determine the change in cooling water temperature that occurs at each plant. We use these models in tandem to determine effluent temperature at 43 power plants in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. For the years modeled, 2010–2012, the model estimated the intake temperature using the linear regression within 2.2 °C of the observed values and estimated the effluent temperature within 5.0 °C of the observed values. For years outside of the estimation period, 2008–2009, the model estimated effluent temperature within 5.1 °C of the observed values.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Multi-product inventory model for cold items with cost and emission consideration

While sharing storage and transportation units is common for many product types, cold items usually have different temperature requirements and as a result, not all items can share a holding/transportation unit. Consequently, the type of products and their compatibility with other products needs to be considered in the inventory model. In this paper, we propose multi-product inventory models for cold items. The models determine the inventory levels that minimize either the cost or carbon-equivalent emissions. We model the compatibility of items as a constraint in the inventory model. To solve the model, we first find an appropriate “family of products” that can share a storage/transportation unit. Then, for each family of products we develop an approximate solution method to determine the order quantity of each product within a family. Numerical experiments demonstrate the solution procedure, and provide managerial insights into cold item inventory policies.
'All daughters and sons of the Republic'? Producing difference in French education

Anthropological focus on public sphere debates can have the unintended consequence of reaffirming ideological oppositions (‘secularism versus Islam’) while ignoring other processes of difference production. In this article, I examine how French school employees build a logic of cultural otherness in an arena of uncertain social reproduction. Contrary to analyses of the French public sphere that emphasize the ideology of secular universalism, I argue that this dominant ideology has little purchase in the thick of social relations in a peripheral school. Faced with neoliberal transformations and diminishing resources, teachers draw instead on diverse discourses that have the effect of producing cultural difference. Through this process, immigrant-origin students are presented as incommensurable with Frenchness, and Frenchness becomes rooted in family structure and territory. This case illustrates how state actors confront the contradictions that inhabit universal citizenship and reconfigure the project of Republican schooling. « Tous fils et filles de la Republique » ? La fabrique de la difference dans le systeme educatif francais Resume L'attention anthropologique portee aux debats dans la sphere publique peut avoir la consequence inopinee de reaffirmer des oppositions ideologiques (« laicite contre islam ») tout en meconnaissant d'autres processus de production de differences. L'auteure examine ici la maniere dont le personnel des ecoles francaises cree une logique d'alterite culturelle dans un contexte de reproduction sociale incertaine. A contre-courant des analyses de la vie publique francaise qui insistent sur une ideologie d'universalisme laic, elle affirme que cette ideologie dominante a peu de prise sur les relations sociales au sein d'une ecole periurbaine. Face aux transformations neoliberales et au retrecissement des budgets, les enseignants tirent parti de discours divers, produisant de ce fait des differences culturelles. Dans ce processus, les eleves d'origine immigree sont presentes comme sans commune mesure avec une « francite » qui s'enracine dans l'histoire familiale et le territoire. Ce cas illustre la maniere dont les acteurs de l’Etat affrontent les contradictions inherentes a la citoyennete universelle et reconfigurent le projet de l’ecole republicaine.
IMAGES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. Ping-Pong Gaze.

A 55-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis was found to be unresponsive at home. Examination revealed spontaneous, slow, horizontal, conjugate eye deviation, shown in a video, that alternated from one extreme to the other every 2 to 4 seconds.
Effect of Ce4+ and Th4+ Ion Substitution in Uranium Dioxide

Uranium dioxide is the most common fuel used in commercial light water nuclear reactors. The fission of the fuel generates fission products (FPs) and minor actinides (MAs), which affects the thermo-physical properties of the fuel. The understanding of the physical and chemical properties of the FPs and MAs is still limited. In this study we have used atomic level simulations to estimate the effect of Ce4+ and Th4+ ions in urania matrix. Our results show that the structural variation depends on the elastic effect, which is guided by the ionic radius of the substituted ion. Ce4+ (ionic radius 0.97 A) reduces the overall lattice parameter, while Th4+ (ionic radius 1.05 A) increases the overall lattice parameter of the urania matrix (U4+ ionic radius 1.00 A). In addition bulk modulus of the U1-xCexO2 system does not change with substitution while the modulus of U1-xThxO2 reduces with an increase in Th4+ ion concentration. This observation is in accordance with Vegard’s law prediction based on the modulus values of bulk UO2, CeO2 and ThO2 systems.
Strange-Particle Production in π + − p Collisions

Strange particles produced in interactions of positive pions with protons have been studied with the Brookhaven 20-in. bubble chamber, which was exposed to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ beams of 2.35, 2.62, and 2.90 BeV/c. Cross sections are presented and the production of resonances is discussed. The outstanding feature of the multi-particle final states is that they are dominated by $K\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$, $K\ensuremath{-}\overline{K}$, and $Y\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\pi}$ resonances. The isotopic spin of the $\ensuremath{\phi}$ is confirmed to be zero and no evidence is found for a $\ensuremath{\phi}$ decay into three pions.
Vascular neoplasms of the spleen

Abstract The spleen is an enigmatic organ that for a long time was thought to be useless, it is anything but. Made up of two main functional units, the spleen plays an important role in the immune system (white pulp) and in blood filtration and removal of unwanted material (red pulp). Neoplasms of the spleen are either primary or secondary. Primary tumours can be lymphoid or non-lymphoid. This review is focused on the most common non-lymphoid tumours namely, the vascular neoplasm, which includes benign, malignant and intermediate grade tumours.
Low-voltage artificial neuron using feedback engineered insulator-to-metal-transition devices

We demonstrate a solid-state spiking artificial neuron based upon an insulator-to-metal (IMT) transition material element that operates at an unprecedented low voltage (0.8 V). We have developed a general coupled electrical-thermal device model for IMT based devices to accurately predict experimental outcomes. From the experiment and simulation, we show that voltage scalability to sub 0.3 V is possible by scaling of the IMT based neuron.
You Can’t Do That! A Case Study of Rural and Urban Media Entrepreneur Experience

Media researchers have called for new business models that could be the salvation of news. This article builds on case studies of two local media entrepreneurs, one in a very rural location and one...
Why the Wide Face? Androgen Receptor Gene Polymorphism does not Predict Men’s Facial Width-to-Height Ratio

Recent research has linked men’s facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) to perceptions of aggressiveness, dominance and untrustworthiness, as well aggressive and exploitative behavior, leading to speculation that a wide face may be an indicator of an intrasexually-competitive behavioral strategy. Not understood, however, are the physiological mechanisms that produce fWHR variance and explain the link between fWHR and behavior. Several researchers have suggested that fWHR variance may be related to the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene (CAGn) – a polymorphism that regulates sensitivity to androgens – either directly or through an interaction with testosterone concentrations. We tested this hypothesis, and found that CAGn did not predict fWHR variance, either directly or by moderating the effect of testosterone concentrations. Furthermore, we found that fWHR did not predict baseline testosterone or testosterone reactivity in our full sample, but did predict baseline testosterone among our white participants. We discuss these results in relation to previous research on fWHR and testosterone, and suggest new mechanisms that may explain fWHR variation.
A Guide to Automated Weather Station Networks in North America

Automated weather station (AWS) networks are increasingly being used to gather weather data for agricultural and other bioclimatic applications. Many manually read conventional weather station (CWS) networks are being replaced with AWS networks. The use of AWS networks increased rapidly during the 1980s because of improvements in battery-powered dataloggers and computer communications. Although CWS networks continue to provide the basic climate information, AWS networks have the ability to gather and disseminate greater quantities of data at more frequent intervals than CWS networks.
Performance of approximate algorithms for global minimization

The performance of a class of algorithms for solving global minimization problems is analyzed. Problems which may have a large number of variables appearing only linearly (in addition to the nonlinear variables) are considered. The analysis is based on finding an ɛ-approximate solution, in the sense that the function value found is known to be no more than eΔψ1 greater than the global minimum, where eΔψ1 is a known scale factor and the tolerance ɛ is specified. Each algorithm considered is characterized by two quantities α and ϱ. A bound on the computing effort F T required to obtain an ɛ-approximate solution is given in terms of the problem size, α, ϱ and ɛ. In particular, it is shown that F T increases no more than linearly with the number of linear variables, and that provided αϱ≤1, the value of F T is a linear function of (1/ɛ).
Activation Analysis for Two Molten Salt Dual-Coolant Blanket Concepts for the U.S. Demo Reactor

The US has considered, among other options, two blanket concepts for Demo reactor in which helium is primarily used to cool the first wall (FW) and structure whereas molten salt (MS) is used as both coolant and breeder. Conventional reduced activation ferritic steel (RAFS, F82H) is used as the structural material in both blanket concepts. The low melting point Flibe (∼380°C) is used in the first option while the Flinabe (∼305°C) is used in the second option. In this paper, we present the results for assessing the radioactivity and decay heat. This assessment is performed separately for the structural material, the Be multiplier and the breeder (Flibe/Flinabe). The Class C waste disposal rating (WDR) was estimated for each material. For Flibe, Flinabe and Be the WDR is much lower than unity. However, the WDR for F82H is ∼0.6-1.3. They are attributed to reactions with Mo and Nb present in F82H with levels of 70 wppm and 4 wppm, respectively. To ensure that F82H qualifies for shallow land burial, it is suggested to reduce these two impurities to ∼50 and ∼3 wppm, respectively.
169-P: SUCCESSFUL DESENSITIZATION IN A HEART TRANSPLANT PATIENT

Aim We present a case report of a highly sensitized patient that underwent desensitization and was successfully transplanted. Methods LABScreen® Individual Class I and Class II (One Lambda, Canoga Park, CA), were used to identify HLA antibodies using Luminex® 100. Crossmatches were performed on a Canto II Flow Cytometer (Becton-Dickinson, San Jose, CA) using DIVA® software (B-D) for data analysis and by CDC. Results A 47 year old AA female with heart failure was evaluated for transplant. During her work-up, SAB analysis yielded a cPRA of 86% for Class I and 40% for Class II. She underwent desensitization via two series of plasma exchanges followed by high dose IVIg. Class I and II cPRA were reduced to 0%. Final crossmatches were positive for T and B cells by flow cytometry and negative by CDC. However, the crossmatch serum did not detect any DSA and the positive results were attributed to high dose IVIg. Three historical DSA were noted against B35, DQ8 and DR53 with peak MFI values of 11,000, 6,000 and 2,500 respectively. The patient underwent a series of plasma exchanges peri-operatively. The patient had moderate rejection detected by endomyocardial biopsy on POD 10 and was treated with prednisolone, thymoglobulin, and IVIg. Post transplant monitoring included DSA testing and biopsies with immunostaining for C4d. The patient underwent plasma exchanges starting on POD 14 for humoral rejection. Subsequent testing revealed persistent DSA and positive C4d staining; however, the patient has remained clinically stable for the last 13 months without signs or symptoms of cardiac decompensation. Conclusions The patient successfully underwent desensitization and was transplanted against previously identified DSA. However, the patient experienced early acute humoral and cell mediated rejection. Although desensitization provides an opportunity for transplantation in the sensitized patient population, close post transplant monitoring including DSA is essential.
Listening across the Life Span: A Listening Environment Comparison.

Rather than focusing on age distinctions, a more organic approach in understanding individual differences is the life-span perspective (Williams & Nussbaum, 2001) which posits that more understandi...
ASSOCIATION OF POLYGENIC RISK SCORES WITH PREMATURE CORONARY HEART DISEASE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Premature coronary heart disease (pCHD), defined as onset before age 55 in males and age 65 in females, often occurs in the absence/paucity of conventional risk factors. We compared the strength of association of polygenic risk scores (PRS) with pCHD. We evaluated PRSs in 915 (60±8 y, 42% male)
Data Preparation for Data Mining

Practical experience of data mining has revealed that preparing data is the most time-consuming phase of any data mining project. Estimates of the amount of time and resources spent on data preparation vary from at least 60% to upward of 80% (SPSS, 2002a). In spite of this fact, not enough attention is given to this important task, thus perpetuating the idea that the core of the data mining effort is the modeling process rather than all phases of the data mining life cycle. This article presents an overview of the most important issues and considerations for preparing data for data mining.
A New Species of Dieffluvium (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea) from Smallmouth Buffalo (Ictiobus bubalus) from the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U.S.A.

Dieffluvium nidulorum n. sp. is described from smallmouth buffalo, Ictiobus bubalus, collected from Menard Creek in the Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, U.S.A. The new species is characterized by a scolex with 2 medial acetabula, 4 lateral loculi, and a terminal disc; a uterus that extends far anterior of the cirrus sac in 2 lateral loops; and a very large and muscular external seminal vesicle. Postovarian vitellaria may be present or absent. The new species is a member of the Caryophyllaeidae, and most closely resembles Dieffluvium unipapillatum, Rowardleus pennensis, and some species of Biacetabulum. We amend the genus Dieffluvium to reflect additional information provided by the discovery of the new species, and precisely differentiate its members from other similar taxa.
Future private car stock in China: current growth pattern and effects of car sales restriction

Car stock projection is essential to evaluating the energy and environmental impacts of private cars in China. Since the private car ownership rate in China has not reached its saturation level, limited and outdated data used in previous studies has resulted in high uncertainties regarding the functions of car ownership and significantly reduced the robustness of the projection of private car stocks. In this work, we estimate China’s current growth pattern of private car ownership by analyzing more than 6300 pairs of private car ownership and income data collected from various official statistics at the national, provincial, and city levels in the period of 1997–2017. The dataset covers a much wider per-capita disposable income range than national-level data alone and allows us to make satisfactory projections of private car stocks in China up to 2040. We project that the private car stock in China could reach 403 million in 2040, if the current growth pattern of car ownership continues. Significant discrepancies in private car ownership curves are observed for cities with and without car sales restrictions. Without car sales restrictions, we estimate that the private car stock would be even higher at 455 million by 2040, demonstrating the effectiveness of the current restriction policy in controlling car stocks in China. We further quantify the potential impacts of car sales restrictions on future car stock levels by implementing hypothetical national car sales caps. Results show that, although the private car stocks would still continue to grow before 2030, the stock levels would be stable at ~ 280 and ~ 350 million by 2040 for scenarios of 20 and 25 million sales caps, respectively. The impact of private car stock growth on energy consumption in China is also examined. Pump-to-wheels energy consumption of the private car fleet is projected to be 131, 147, 90, and 113 million tonnes of oil equivalent by 2040 for scenarios of the current growth pattern, no sales restriction, the 20 million sales cap, and the 25 million sales cap, respectively. Analysis reveals that private car sales restriction and vehicle population growth control could be an effective strategy for energy consumption reduction (thus greenhouse gas emission mitigation) in China, although the development of the automotive industry may be restrained.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic active EBV infection

Chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) is one of the EBV-associated T/NK lymphoproliferative diseases. The prognosis of CAEBV is very poor, and without curative therapy, almost half of patients will die within five years of onset. The results of a 3-step treatment regimen consisting of step 1 (immunochemotherapy), step 2 (multi-drug chemotherapy), and step 3 (hematopoietic cell transplantation, HCT) are excellent. HCT is the only cure for CAEBV, and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) is superior to myeloablative conditioning (MAC). The overall survival rate is typically more than 90% following bone marrow transplantation and cord blood transplantation.
Authors Meet Critics: Michael C. Dawson - Not in Our Lifetimes: The Future of Black Politics. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press, 2011

Presenter: Michael C. Dawson, John D. MacArthur Professor of Political Science and the College, The University of Chicago This panel will feature Professor Michael Dawson presenting the key research ideas and findings from his book, Not in our lifetimes. The following panelists will provide prepared comments on the book after Professor Dawson's presentation: David Wilson (Critic) Tyson King-Meadows (Critic) Robert Smith (Critic)
Postfire growth of seeded and planted big sagebrush—strategic designs for restoring greater sage‐grouse nesting habitat

Wildfires change plant community structure and impact wildlife habitat and population dynamics. Recent wildfire‐induced losses of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) in North American shrublands are outpacing natural recovery and leading to substantial losses in habitat for sagebrush‐obligate species such as greater sage‐grouse. Managers are considering restoration strategies that include planting container‐grown sagebrush to improve establishment within areas using more conventional seeding methods. Although it is thought that planting sagebrush provides initial structural advantages over seeding, empirical comparisons of sagebrush growth are lacking between individuals established postfire using both methods. Using a Bayesian hierarchical approach, we evaluated sagebrush height and canopy area growth rates for plants established in 26 seeded and 20 planted locations within the Great Basin. We then related recovery rates to previously published nesting habitat requirements for sage‐grouse. Under average weather conditions, planted or seeded sagebrush will require 3 or 4 years, respectively, and a relatively high density (≥2 plants/m²) to achieve the minimum recommended canopy cover for sage‐grouse (15%). Sagebrush grown in warmer and drier conditions met this cover goal months earlier. Although planted sagebrush reached heights to meet sage‐grouse nesting requirements (30 cm) 1 year earlier than seeded plants, seeded individuals were approximately 19 cm taller with 410 cm² more canopy area than planted sagebrush after 8 years. However, big sagebrush establishment from seed is unreliable. Strategically planting small, high‐density patches of container‐grown sagebrush in historic sage‐grouse nesting habitat combined with lower density seedings in larger surrounding areas may accelerate sage‐grouse habitat restoration.
A Promising Step in Fighting the Opioid Epidemic, Care Plan Implementation for those Presenting to the Emergency Department

Background: The opioid epidemic has both financial implications and ethical confounders affecting emergency departments across the country. Additionally, patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) seeking opioid administration and prescriptions can be both disruptive and time intensive. Objective: To determine long-term effectiveness of ED care plans designed to improve medical care for ED opioid-seeking patients with chronic painful conditions. Methods: A retrospective, cohort observational study. Location: a suburban teaching hospital with an annual census of 90,000 patients. The number of ED visits were tallied one year prior (control), and for five consecutive years following initiation. The primary outcome was the number of yearly ED visits in subjects meeting criteria. Statistics: Two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test with significance of p<0.05, two tailed. Results: One hundred and twenty patients were enrolled. Twelve were excluded, leaving 108 patients for analysis. Mean yearly ED visits prior to care plan initiation were 7.6 (95% CI 11.9-3.3). Following care plan initiation, mean visits were: one year, 2.3 (95% CI 4.3-0.3); two years, 1.3 (95% CI 2.7-0.0); three years, 1.1(95 % CI 3.1-0.0); four years, 0.8 (95% CI 2.1-0.0); five years, 0.6 (95% CI 1.7-0.0). The five-year total mean reduction in visits was 7.0 (95% CI 8.1- 6.2) (p=0.0001). Conclusions: ED care plans are an effective long-term method to reduce visits in patients with chronic painful conditions who present seeking opioid treatment.
The moderating effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the relation between narcissism and aggression

This study examined the moderating role of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in the association between narcissism (i.e., grandiose, vulnerable, psychopathic) and aggression (i.e., proactive, reactive). The sample consisted of 310 participants, ages 18 to 30. Consistent with previous research, the three dimensions of narcissism were associated with both functions of aggression. Additionally, IU significantly moderated the relations of vulnerable and psychopathic narcissism with proactive aggression such that the highest aggression was endorsed among participants with high levels of narcissism and IU. The same pattern was evident for self-reported IU in social situations when overall IU was controlled. These findings indicate that IU can affect the relation between narcissism and proactive aggression.
Diagnostic merits of the Eosinophilic Esophagitis Diagnostic Panel from a single esophageal biopsy

Background Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a histologically “patchy” disease with uneven eosinophil distribution along the esophagus, posing a dilemma for histologically analyzing endoscopic biopsy samples, especially when biopsy samples are limited to only the distal esophagus. Objective We investigated whether molecular mRNA profiling of a distal esophageal biopsy sample predicts eosinophilia in the proximal esophagus. Methods Esophageal biopsy samples (n = 507) from subjects with EoE were collected from multiple institutions, spanning adults and pediatric patients. Subjects were grouped on the basis of distinct distal (D) and proximal (P) eosinophil counts (D+P+, D+P–, D-P+, and D–P–, with + and – defined as ≥15 or Results The distal EDP score was correlated with proximal eosinophil levels (r = –0.73; P Conclusion EDP analysis of a single distal esophageal biopsy sample predicts remote inflammation in patients with spatially heterogeneous eosinophilia and disease relapse in patients with histologic remission, providing diagnostic merit and predictive medicine capacity for molecular diagnosis of EoE.
Scale Transform Signal Processing for Reducing the Effect of Rain on SSTDR Signals

Spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) has proven to be effective in the detection and localization of intermittent faults on live electrical wiring. The location, shape, and magnitude of the peaks from the SSTDR signal give information about the location and type of wiring fault. To locate these faults, baseline subtraction is typically used. Unfortunately, varying weather conditions alter the SSTDR signal significantly and make baseline subtraction methods unreliable. Specifically, moisture from rain changes the relative permittivity of the cable and consequently leads to a change in the velocity of propagation (VOP) of the SSTDR signal. This change of VOP stretches the SSTDR signal and therefore shifts the peaks out of place, leading to inaccurate fault localization. Figure 1 (below) shows the described stretching effect rain has on SSTDR signals.
Alarms, alerts, and warnings in air traffic control: An analysis of reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System

Abstract Signals (alarms, alerts, and warnings) are essential for alerting air traffic controllers to potential collisions and other adverse events. Excessive or misleading signals can increase response times and decrease their response rates. We used reports from the Aviation Safety Reporting System and structured interviews to understand the complexity of the controller’s tasks in the context of potentially high-consequence situations and events, and to develop design strategies to enhance the effectiveness of signals in the ATC environment. Methods We reviewed ASRS reports over a 6-year interval from 2015 to 2020, searching for reports that mentioned alarm, alert, or warning and were submitted by air traffic controllers. We found 370 relevant reports that we analyzed for hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections. Structured interviews with former controllers further explored the role of signals in air traffic control. Results The most common signals in reports were MSAW (139), ASDE-X and ASSC (27), CA (195), and AMASS (4). ASDE-X, ASSC, or AMASS were mentioned in 30 reports by ground or local controllers. TRACON controllers reported events involving MSAW 70 times and CA 51 times; these were also implicated by local controllers. CA was most mentioned, cited a total of 195 times in the reports. Conclusions This information may help us to develop strategies that can enhance signaling modality (e.g., new auditory, visual, and tactile signals). Trust in automation may be improved by using strategies such as indicating the automation’s level of confidence in situations like impending loss of separation.
Measurement of transmural water flow in isolated perfused tubule segments.

Publisher Summary The measurement of water, or volume, flow across renal tubules is required in various segments of the nephron in a variety of studies in which the quantification of water flow is the primary objective, but it is also required for studies in which solute movement is the focus. The rate of collection of the fluid emerging from the perfused tubule (the collectate) can be determined by collecting the fluid in calibrated pipets over timed intervals. The precision of this measurement depends on the proper construction of the pipet holding the collection end of the tubule as well as that of the pipets used to measure the volumes. Methods such as the microinulin determination used in micropuncture have been developed to measure the concentrations of volume markers chemically. The advantage of this method is that the electrode can be positioned within the holding pipet immediately adjacent to the fluid exiting the end of the tubule. Because the ratio of the emergent raffinose concentration to that in the perfusate should be directly proportional to the volume absorption rate, this provides a continuous measurement of the transepithelial volume flow.
The role of front-line ideas in lean performance improvement

The majority of companies implementing lean production techniques to improve performance fail to take advantage of the full potential of going lean. A critical component that is often missing in unsuccessful initiatives is the ability to get improvement..
The perfect storm for obesity.

Obesity rates have risen steadily in the United States and around the world over the past century, with a marked escalation within the past two decades. Conventional wisdom within the medical community is that the burgeoning obesity epidemic is the product of poor nutrition and lack of exercise, but increasingly researchers are questioning whether those factors are wholly responsible. Emerging research about alternative factors is setting the stage for today’s “Perfect Storm” for obesity.
Teaching biomedical ethics as professionalism in the United States

Medical education in the United States has incorporated the teaching of biomedical ethics into its efforts to promote "professionalism" as an area of competence. I outline the reasons for the popularity of this approach and show that it is a promising movement that has the possibility for a salutary renewal of the vocation of the physician. I also explore some of the pitfalls of this approach such as the trivialization of the concept of professionalism. Nevertheless, this approach may provide a foundation for fruitful dialogue with other approaches to teaching bioethics to physicians-in-training.
Nitrogen Selectivity in Lean NOx Trap Catalysis with Diesel Engine In-Cylinder Regeneration

NOx emissions have traditionally been difficult to control from diesel engines; however, lean NOx trap catalysts have been shown to reduce NOx emissions from diesel engines by greater than 90% under some conditions. It is imperative that lean NOx traps be highly selective to N 2 to achieve the designed NOx emissions reduction. If selectivity for NOx reduction to NH 3 or N 2 O is significant then, ultimately, higher levels of pollution or greenhouse emissions will result. Here studies of the N 2 selectivity of lean NOx trap regeneration with in-cylinder techniques are presented. Engine dynamometer studies with a light-duty engine were performed, and a lean NOx trap in the exhaust system was regenerated by controlling in-cylinder fuel injection timing and amounts to achieve rich exhaust conditions. NH 3 and N 2 O emissions were analyzed with FTIR spectroscopy. Both engine and bench experiments show that excess reductant delivery during regeneration leads to high NH 3 emissions and poor N 2 selectivity. Specific design of in-cylinder regeneration techniques that minimize excess reductant or allow O 2 purge can optimize N 2 selectivity of the lean NOx trap catalyst.
Mutagenic Analysis of Platelet Thromboxane Receptor Cysteines ROLES IN LIGAND BINDING AND RECEPTOR-EFFECTOR COUPLING

The human platelet thromboxane A2 receptor is a member of the G-protein-coupled superfamily of receptors. Previous pharmacologic studies examining the effects of biochemical reduction, oxidation, or sulfhydryl alkylation on thromboxane receptors have suggested a role for cysteines in determining receptor binding characteristics. To characterize the roles of individual cysteines, we employed site-directed mutagenesis to substitute serines for cysteines at seven positions throughout the human K562 thromboxane receptor and analyzed mutant receptor radioligand ([1S-(1alpha,2beta(5Z),3alpha- (1E,3S),4alpha]-7-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-(p-iodophenoxy)-l-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo-[2. 2.1]heptane-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid) binding and calcium signaling. Replacing cysteines in the amino terminus (amino acid position 11), and transmembrane domains two and six (positions 68 and 257) had little effect on thromboxane receptor binding or signaling. Introduction of serines for cysteines in the first (position 105) or the second (position 183) extracellular loop eliminated thromboxane receptor binding, consistent with the existence of a critical disulfide bond between these positions. Mutation of a second cysteine in extracellular loop one (position 102) resulted in a receptor with decreased binding affinity and low binding capacity that transduced only a low amplitude calcium signal, suggesting the involvement of a free sulfhydryl group at this location in receptor-ligand interactions. Finally, mutation of the cysteine at position 223, located in intracellular loop three, resulted in a receptor with normal ligand binding characteristics, but which did not transduce a calcium signal. Some additional amino acid substitutions in this region of the receptor (Cys-223 --> Ala, Thr-221 --> Met) resulted in receptors that had normal binding but transduced low amplitude calcium signals, while other mutations in the same region (His-224 --> Arg and His-227 --> Arg) exhibited normal binding and calcium signaling characteristics. These findings demonstrate that cysteines in extracellular loops one and two contribute to proper ligand binding to thromboxane receptors and show the importance of discrete amino acid sequences in the third intracellular loop, especially cysteine 223, in thromboxane receptor-effector coupling.
Non-Hermitian quantum Hamiltonians with PT symmetry

We formulate quantum mechanics for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that are invariant under $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$, where $\mathcal{P}$ is the parity and $\mathcal{T}$ denotes time reversal, for the case that time-reversal symmetry is odd (${\mathcal{T}}^{2}=\ensuremath{-}1$), generalizing prior work for the even case (${\mathcal{T}}^{2}=1$). We discover an analog of Kramer's theorem for $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ quantum mechanics, present a prototypical example of a $\mathcal{P}\mathcal{T}$ quantum system with odd time reversal, and discuss potential applications of the formalism.
High thermoelectric efficiency in lanthanum doped Yb14MnSb11

Lanthanum doping of the high-temperature p-type thermoelectric material Yb_(14)MnSb_(11) enhances the ﬁgure of merit zT through carrier concentration tuning. This is achieved by substituting La^(3+) on the Yb^(2+) site to reduce the free hole concentration as expected from the change in valence. The high-temperature transport properties (Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity, Hall mobility, and thermal conductivity) of Yb_(13.6)La_(0.4)MnSb_(11) are explained by the change in carrier concentration using a simple rigid parabolic band model, similar to that found in Yb_(14)Mn_(1−x)A_(lx)Sb_(11). Together, use of these two dopant sites enables the partial decoupling of electronic and structural properties in Yb_(14)MnSb_(11)-based materials.