cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age and Literary Creativity A Cross-Cultural and Transhistorical Survey

Research on the relation between age and creative achievement could be improved by using: (a) cross-cultural and transhistorical data, and (b) multivariate rather than bivariate analyses. A sample of 420 literary creators was drawn from histories, anthologies, and biographical dictionaries of Western, Near Eastern, and Far Eastern literatures. The modal productive age was then regressed on field and civilization categorical variables, longevity, time, and eminence control variables, and a number of interaction terms. The results confirmed that (a) poetry is produced at a younger age than prose (but failed to find any age difference between informative and imaginative prose), (b) achieved eminence and life span are positive determinants of the modal productive age, and (c) these relationships are cross-culturally and transhistorically invariant.
Physicians' responses to patients' requests for physician-assisted suicide.

Background Studies show that patient requests for physician-assisted suicide (PAS) are a relatively common clinical occurrence. The purpose of this study was to describe how experienced physicians assess and respond to requests for assisted suicide. Methods Focused ethnography in the offices of 11 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome physicians, 8 oncologists, and 1 hospice physician who had received requests for assisted suicide in their practice. Ten had facilitated PAS. Results Informants had a similar approach to evaluating patients who requested assisted suicide, often asking, "Why do you want to die now?" Reasons for requests fell into 3 broad categories: physical symptoms, psychological issues, and existential suffering. Physicians thought they competently addressed patients' physical symptoms, and this obviated most requests. They treated depression empirically and believed they did not assist depressed patients with assisted suicide. Physicians had difficulty addressing patients' existential suffering, which led to most facilitated requests. Informants rarely talked to colleagues about requests for assisted suicide, suggesting a "professional code of silence." Conclusions Regardless of divergent attitudes about PAS, physicians respond similarly to requests for assisted suicide from their patients, creating a common ground for professional dialogue. Our sample addressed physical suffering aggressively, treated depression empirically, but struggled with requests arising from existential suffering. A professional code of silence regarding PAS creates professional isolation. Clinicians do not share knowledge or receive social support from peers about their decisions regarding assisted suicide. Educational strategies drawing on approaches used by experienced clinicians may create an atmosphere that enables physicians with divergent beliefs to discuss this difficult subject.
TEACHING SUPPORTED EMPLOYEES WITH SEVERE MENTAL RETARDATION TO SOLVE PROBLEMS

Two individuals with severe mental retardation, employed by a janitorial supply company, were taught to use self-instruction in combination with multiple exemplar training to solve work-related problems. Use of the combined strategy resulted in generalization of the effects of independent variables, as well as generalization to nontrained problems. Use of the strategy is discussed in terms of promoting independent performance among supported employees.
Electron collision cross-section data for plasma modeling

An overview of the current status in electron collision cross section databases for plasma modeling is presented. Emphasis is on dissociation, ionization, and dissociative ionization. The effect of the operating conditions on the relative importance of different collision mechanisms is discussed. For high density plasmas with low gas pressure, a second collision with electrons becomes likely and metastable states may play a role in the dissociation and ionization processes. A number of outstanding theoretical and experimental issues in the cross-section data are discussed. For the total ionization cross section, a four-parameter fitting formula is found to represent the numerical data well and the parameters for some molecules used in plasma modeling are presented.
First in situ observations of the deep-sea squid Grimalditeuthis bonplandi reveal unique use of tentacles

The deep-sea squid Grimalditeuthis bonplandi has tentacles unique among known squids. The elastic stalk is extremely thin and fragile, whereas the clubs bear no suckers, hooks or photophores. It is unknown whether and how these tentacles are used in prey capture and handling. We present, to our knowledge, the first in situ observations of this species obtained by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in the Atlantic and North Pacific. Unexpectedly, G. bonplandi is unable to rapidly extend and retract the tentacle stalk as do other squids, but instead manoeuvres the tentacles by undulation and flapping of the clubs’ trabecular protective membranes. These tentacle club movements superficially resemble the movements of small marine organisms and suggest the possibility that G. bonplandi uses aggressive mimicry by the tentacle clubs to lure prey, which we find to consist of crustaceans and cephalopods. In the darkness of the meso- and bathypelagic zones the flapping and undulatory movements of the tentacle may: (i) stimulate bioluminescence in the surrounding water, (ii) create low-frequency vibrations and/or (iii) produce a hydrodynamic wake. Potential prey of G. bonplandi may be attracted to one or more of these as signals. This singular use of the tentacle adds to the diverse foraging and feeding strategies known in deep-sea cephalopods.
The Role of Conceptual Structure in Human Evolution

We generally think of conceptual structures (and their mathematical representations: conceptual graphs) as a technical framework providing a sound basis for research and design work in knowledge representation and related areas of computer science. In this article, I suggest that conceptual structure predates computer science by some three-million years. In particular, I argue that the human brain (or rather, the brain of our hominid ancestors) acquired conceptual structure long before it acquired language, and that the acquisition of conceptual structure was the key cognitive development that led to the emergence of contemporary humans. Moreover, human language was the result of the addition of grammatical structure to an already developed conceptual structure.
Model System To Evaluate the Effect of ampD Mutations on AmpC-Mediated β-Lactam Resistance

Mutations within the structural gene of ampD can lead to AmpC overproduction and increases in beta-lactam MICs in organisms with an inducible ampC. However, identification of mutations alone cannot predict the impact that those mutations have on AmpD function. Therefore, a model system was designed to determine the effect of ampD mutations on ceftazidime MICs using an AmpD(-) mutant Escherichia coli strain which produced an inducible plasmid-encoded AmpC. ampD genes were amplified by PCR from strains of E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Also, carboxy-terminal truncations of C. freundii ampD genes were constructed representing deletions of 10, 21, or 25 codons. Amplified ampD products were cloned into pACYC184 containing inducible bla(ACT-1)-ampR. Plasmids were transformed into E. coli strains JRG582 (AmpD(-)) and K-12 259 (AmpD(+)). The strains were evaluated for a derepressed phenotype using ceftazidime MICs. Some mutated ampD genes, including the ampD gene of a derepressed C. freundii isolate, resulted in substantial decreases in ceftazidime MICs (from >256 microg/ml to 12 to 24 microg/ml) for the AmpD(-) strain, indicating no role for these mutations in derepressed phenotypes. However, ampD truncation products and ampD from a partially derepressed P. aeruginosa strain resulted in ceftazidime MICs of >256 microg/ml, indicating a role for these gene modifications in derepressed phenotypes. The use of this model system indicated that alternative mechanisms were involved in the derepressed phenotype observed in strains of C. freundii and P. aeruginosa. The alternative mechanism involved in the derepressed phenotype of the C. freundii isolate was downregulation of ampD transcription.
FROM THE GUEST EDITORS—GEROPSYCHIATRIC INPATIENT CARE: AN IMPORTANT AND CHALLENGING AREA OF NURSING PRACTICE

As the authors of this special issue have so aptly noted, the number of complex, frail older adults with comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions is predicted to increase rapidly in the next two...
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry identification and quantification of isazophos in a famphur pour-on and in bovine tissues after a toxic exposure.

A sample identified as ''Warbex pour-on,'' expected to contain 13.2% famphur, and bovine tissue samples from 2 heifers that died after exhibiting signs of organophosphate intoxication were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A product formulation problem was suspected because brain cholinesterase activities were depressed in both animals. Electron impact (EI) GC/MS of the pour-on revealed 9.7% famphur and an unidentified peak with approximately 76% of the peak area of the famphur. The uniden- tified peak showed a molecular ion at m/z 313, with a single Cl isotope cluster. Methane chemical ionization (MeCI) MS confirmed the molecular weight at 313 (1 Cl). A search on the molecular formula C 9H17N3O3PSCl yielded a single match, isazophos. EI and MeCI GC/MS of reference isazophos confirmed the identity of the suspect peak. The concentration of isazophos in the pour-on was determined to be 6.0%. Famphur and isazophos were identified by their EI spectra and GC retention times in extracts of liver and brain from the 2 deceased animals. A GC/MS procedure utilizing selected ion monitoring (SIM) was developed for quantification of isazophos in liver, kidney, muscle, and fat of additional affected animals sacrificed at various times after exposure. Isazophos remained in animal tissues for as long as 94 days after topical exposure. Isazophos was present in fetal liver 70 days after exposure of the dam. High levels (6-3,500 ppm) of isazophos and famphur remained on the skin at 39 days postexposure. Three incidents of organophosphate (OP) intoxica- tion in cattle occurred in central Nebraska, within 50 miles of each other, during the second week of No- vember 1995. All 3 herds had been poured with a fam- phur polur-on for cattle. Early reported clinical signs included profuse salivation, respiratory distress, and diarrhea. Central nervous system signs included ataxia and apprehension. After 12 hours, bloating occurred with severe depression, the animals refused to eat, and death occurred. One abortion was reported in 1 of the herds, 2 in another, and none in the third. Several an- imals had stained hair coats from the pour-on appli- cation. The stain remained visible for over 120 days. Treatment included atropine sulfate (0.6-1.0 mg/kg) as needed, charcoal, and washing of the animals. Of the 240 animals exposed, 35 died and morbidity varied among the herds. All herds had used the same famphur pour-on lot number. Clinical signs and response to at- ropine suggested cholinesterase inhibitor toxicosis. Brain cholinesterase activities were determined 5 and were reduced in 5 of 6 brains submitted from the 3 herds.
Influence of Cyclic Straining on Fatigue, Deformation, and Fracture Behavior of High-Strength Alloy Steel

In this paper, the results of a study on microstructural influences on mechanical behavior of the high-strength alloy steel Tenax™ 310 are presented and discussed. Under the influence of fully reversed strain cycling, the stress response of this alloy steel revealed softening from the onset of deformation. Cyclic strain resistance exhibited a linear trend for the variation of both elastic strain amplitude with reversals-to-failure, and plastic strain amplitude with reversals-to-failure. Fracture morphology was essentially the same at the macroscopic level over the entire range of cyclic strain amplitudes examined. However, at the fine microscopic level, this high-strength alloy steel revealed fracture to be mixed-mode with features reminiscent of “locally” ductile and brittle mechanisms. The macroscopic mechanisms governing stress response at the fine microscopic level, resultant fatigue life, and final fracture behavior are presented and discussed in light of the mutually interactive influences of intrinsic microstructural effects, deformation characteristics of the microstructural constituents during fully reversed strain cycling, cyclic strain amplitude, and resultant response stress.
Using collective impact in support of communitywide teen pregnancy prevention initiatives

The Roots to Fruit of Sustainable Community Change (R2F) is a community development model for mobilizing efforts to effectively address teen pregnancy and other complex, controversial, social issue...
Grating filters in solitoninduced waveguides

We study experimentally the grating formed by two head-on colliding (counter-propagating) (1+1) D photorefractive solitons. Such gratings can be used as tunable waveguide filters in reconfigurable planar lightwave circuits
Isosonic Templates for Plant Layout

Abstract Using critical noise lines of equal loudness surrounding production equipment, the best relative position of such equipment can be determined to ensure an acceptable noise level environment. In the facilities design stage, noise levels can be optimized along with all the other plant layout objectives. As a corrective measure, isosonic templates can indicate the minimal relocation necessary, and identify the points at which further noise control measures must be taken. By recording the percentage of time an operator spends in each noise zone, and considering the additive effect of adjacent noise sources, the total cumulative operator noise exposure can be determined.
Postoperative stay associated with prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.

Objective The author's objective was to determine whether the length of postoperative stay for patients after colorectal cancer surgery is associated with prognosis. Summary Background Data Financial pressure to reduce hospital costs has caused physicians to reduce hospital stays by changes in patient care, which reduce hospital stay but may compromise long-term results. Methods Using multivariate analysis, the author examined the relationship between postoperative stay and prognosis in a consecutive series of 341 prospectively studied patients with colorectal cancer undergoing potentially curative surgery. Results In multivariate analysis, patients staying beyond the median of 11 days had more complications (p = 0.000), more left hemicolectomies and procedures with colostomies (p = 0.000), were older (p = 0.002), and lost more blood (p = 0.012) than patients staying less than the median. Disease-free survival was significantly and independently related to Dukes' stage (p = 0.000), postoperative stay (p = 0.001), and blood transfusion (p = 0.011). The mean postoperative stay for the 98 patients who later developed recurrence was 15 days compared to 12 days for the 243 patients who remained disease free (p = 0.0008). Cumulative disease-free survival of the 142 patients who stayed more than the median of 11 days was 60% compared to 77% for the 199 patients with shorter stays (p = 0.000). Conclusions These data indicate that shorter hospital stays do not compromise disease-free survival of patients with colorectal cancer.
405 CAUSES OF DEATH IN THE HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ERA: A RETROSPECTIVE COMPARISON BETWEEN A HYBRID HIV AND HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY PRACTICE AND THE ADULT AND ADOLESCENT SPECTRUM OF HIV-RELATED DISEASES (ASD) PROJECT.

Background Our combined human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hematology/oncology clinic includes 600 HIV+ patients, 60 of whom died in the last decade. Our intimate doctor-to-patient care allows for increased precision when determining the underlying causes of patient mortality. Large cohort studies such as the ASD project may not allow for such detail because of dependence on medical records or death certificates to determine causes of death. Objective To determine variances in death between a single provider VMMC patient dataset and a larger public health cohort during the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Methods We contrasted two data sets. The first was the Seattle-King County ASD dataset (N = 4,721), which recorded 351 patient deaths during 1996-2004. The second was the 1996-2006 VMMC HIV mortality cohort (N = 600). We used Χ2 and Fisher exact tests for our statistical analysis. Results Sixty VMMC patients died. The median time between HIV diagnosis to death was 11 years (range 0-22). Thirty-nine (65%) VMMC patients died from nonopportunistic illness (OI), 18 (30%) from OI, and 3 (5%) from both. The most common OI was wasting. The most common non-OIs were malignancy, liver failure, and pneumonia. Eleven of 60 patients (18%) died despite a nondetectable HIV viral load (NDVL), and 351 ASD patients died. The median time between HIV diagnosis and death was 6 years (0-18). Three hundred one ASD patients had a known cause of death. One hundred thirty-five (45%) died from non-OI, 105 (35%) from OI, and 61 (20%) from both non-OI and OI. The most common OI was mycobacteria. The most common non-OIs were liver failure and pneumonia. Thirty-five of 351 patients (10%) died despite a NDVL. ASD was more likely to have an OI as a cause of death (p = .032). Conclusions Males and those with substance abuse, mental illness, poor/moderate adherence, and a C2/C3 AIDS designation were heavily represented in both data sets. The VMMC patients had a longer interval between HIV diagnosis and death than those in the Seattle/King County ASD project. Liver failure and pneumonia were the dominant non-OI in both data sets. Malignancy as a cause of death was overrepresented in the VMMC data set due to the concentration of such patients in a hematology/oncology practice. ASD had a greater proportion of patients without a known cause of death, suggesting greater difficulty designating the underlying cause of death when patients are not intimately known.
Different Reynolds Number Effects on a Blunt-leading-edge Delta Wing

The subsonic leading-edge vortex separation flow over a blunt-leading-edge delta wing at different Reynolds numbers have been studied,by solving the three dimensional unsteady Navier-Stocks equations.The computed results are compared and in good agreement with the test results.The results both show that increasing Reynolds number can delay the leading edge vortex separation evidently.
Becker's nevus.

Becker's nevus is a benign lesion that may be congenital or acquired, macular or papular, hairless or hypertrichotic. It is most commonly located on the upper trunk of young men. Histologic examination shows characteristic changes, but dermal nevus cells are never present. Bony and soft tissue structural anomalies occur with increased frequency in patients with Becker's nevus.
A Single Center Phase II Trial Of 90yttrium-Ibritumomab-Tiuxetan Produces High Response Rates As First-Line Therapy For Early Stage B Cell Indolent Lymphoma, Including Bulky Disease

Abstract Background 90YIT is approved for the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma or as consolidation therapy after first line chemotherapy. Its role as therapy for the front line treatment of early stage B cell indolent lymphoma is under investigation. Patient and Methods Thirty-one patients with B cell lymphoma: grade 1 or 2 follicular lymphoma [FL], or marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) with stages I or II were enrolled for treatment with Zevalin (90yttrium-ibritumomab-tiuxetan [90YIT]). Patients received 90YIT according to standard procedure. Primary end points were overall response rates and progression-free survival. Initial evaluation included CT scans, PET-CT, CBC and bone marrow biopsies. Assessment of response was made at 4 months, and monitored every 3, 6 and 12 months during year 1, 2 and 3 of follow up, respectively. CBC was analyzed every 2 weeks until recovery of counts. Median and range for quantitative, absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables were calculated. PFS was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier method. Results Twenty-one patients had FL and 10 had MZL. The median age was 57 years (range 28-87) with 6/31 (19%) having bulky lymphoma (greater than 5 cm diameter). The overall response rate was 100% with CR 87% and Cru 13% with a median follow up of 56 months for the censored observations. The median progression free survival time has not been reached. 10 patients relapsed; 8/20 (40%) with FL and 2/11 (18%) with MZL. The rate of relapses was 33% in bulky and 32% in nonbulky lymphoma. Adverse events were primarily hematologic; the incidence of grade 3 and 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were 45% and 16%, 19% and 16% and 0% and 3%, respectively. Non-hematologic toxicity never exceeded grade 2 according to CTCAE v3.0. Conclusion 90YIT is well-tolerated and has achieved high response rates in patients with early stage B cell indolent lymphoma. Bulky disease did not adversely affect tumor responses. Disclosures: Pro: Spectrum: Honoraria.
Tuberculosis in the health care industry

Between 1986 and 1992, a resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States made this disease once again a significant risk to health care workers. Traditional approaches remain viable methods of reducing present-day hazards.
Musculoskeletal manifestations of Proteus syndrome: report of two cases with literature review.

Proteus syndrome is a recently described hamartomatous condition characterized by macrodactyly, hemihypertrophy, subcutaneous (s.c.) tumors, epidermal nevi, and skull anomalies. Two new cases are described to illustrate the diagnostic features and the orthopedic problems associated with this rare syndrome. Review of available literature shows that 61 patients with proteus syndrome commonly develop macrodactyly, limb overgrowth, spinal deformity, hip dysplasia, genu valgum, exostoses, joint contractures, and hindfoot deformities.
Optical determination of strain effects In ZnSe epiiayers

ZnSe-based semiconductor structures remain likely candidates for the fabrication of optical devices involving blue-light emission. For many of these structures, strain effects and quantum confinement may prove to be extremely important. This study examines the effects of strain on the electronic properties of ZnSe through the use of spectroscopic techniques.
Are self-expandable metal stents superior to plastic stents in palliating malignant distal biliary strictures? A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Abstract Background Palliation for inoperable malignant distal biliary strictures can be achieved with self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) and plastic stents (PS). This is a meta-analysis to compare PS and SEMS. The aim of the study is to compare clinical outcomes in patients with SEMS and PS. Methods Study selection criteria were studied using SEMS and PS for palliation in patients with malignant distal biliary stricture. For data collection and extraction, articles were searched in Ovid journals, Medline, Cochrane database, and Pubmed. Pooled proportions were calculated using both Mantel–Haenszel method and DerSimonian Laird method for statistical analysis. Results Initial search identified 1376 reference articles, of which 112 were selected and11 studies ( N = 947) were included in this analysis. Pooled analysis showed SEMS patency to be 167.7days (95% CI = 159.2–176.3) compared to 73.3days (95% CI = 69.8–76.9) in PS. SEMS have lower odds of occlusion when compared to PS with an odds ratio of 0.48 (95% CI = 0.34–0.67). SEMS has a lower odds of cholangitis compared to SP, with an odds ratio of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.30–0.69). Conclusion SEMS seem to be superior to PS with better patency periods and survival duration. SEMS have lower occlusion rates, re-intervention rates, and cholangitis.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Iron Powder Metallurgy Compacts during and after Compaction

Ultrasonic measurements in powder metallurgy (PM) compacts at various stages of production are presented both as a practical means of improving PM production and as a method of providing a fuller understanding of PM materials. Ultrasonic monitoring during powder compaction, a novel process instrumentation technique to follow powder densification, is reviewed. Measurements taken during the compaction of simple PM disk demonstrate that the ultrasonic velocity can be used as a measure of the in situ density. This connection arises due to the acoustic equivalence between powder during compaction and PM compacts after sintering. Ultrasonic monitoring during compaction of a two-level PM part is demonstrated to be fully capable of independently following the density in each level. The results also provide evidence of different regimes of powder flow behaviour during compaction. Ultrasonic velocity mapping of the two-level compact after sintering provides confirmation of the monitoring results. Subsequently, measurements of the ultrasonic velocity in green PM compacts are shown to be consistent with a dependence on the quality of inter-particle bonding. Finally, laser ultrasonic measurements in PM compacts are used to determine the ultrasonic attenuation. Attenuation values in a sintered compact are shown to follow a simple Rayleigh scattering dependence on frequency which yields a powder particle size consistent with the known value.
Evolving random graph generators: A case for increased algorithmic primitive granularity

Random graph generation techniques provide an invaluable tool for studying graph related concepts. Unfortunately, traditional random graph models tend to produce artificial representations of real-world phenomenon. Manually developing customized random graph models for every application would require an unreasonable amount of time and effort. In this work, a platform is developed to automate the production of random graph generators that are tailored to specific applications. Elements of existing random graph generation techniques are used to create a set of graph-based primitive operations. A hyper-heuristic approach is employed that uses genetic programming to automatically construct random graph generators from this set of operations. This work improves upon similar research by increasing the level of algorithmic sophistication possible with evolved solutions, allowing more accurate modeling of subtle graph characteristics. The versatility of this approach is tested against existing methods and experimental results demonstrate the potential to outperform conventional and state of the art techniques for specific applications.
Development and application of ultrashort mid-infrared pulses for pump-probe experiments at the LCLS

We report on recent developments using intense and narrowband Mid-infrared (MIR) ultrashort optical pulses at the LCLS. We describe the laser system and experimental methods that enable cutting-edge MIR/X-ray pump — probe experiments.
Relative Earnings and Depressive Symptoms among Working Parents: Gender Differences in the Effect of Relative Income on Depressive Symptoms

The relationship between income and psychological well-being is well established. Yet, most of this research is conducted at the individual level without taking into account the role played by relative earnings at the couple level. In the present study we estimate the effect of share of family income on depressive symptoms of individuals. Specifically, we examine whether within-person change in the share of family income has differential effects on the level of depressive symptoms of mothers and fathers. Using data from the U.S. National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth (NLSY79), we follow the same individuals over 4 years and analyze their data using a cross-lagged structural equation model. Controlling for net income, we find that an increase in one’s share of family income is related to an increased level of depressive symptoms among mothers and a decreased level of depressive symptoms among fathers. When looking at a subsample of stay-at-home parents, we find that a change from providing some share of the family income to stay-at-home parent status over time is related to higher level of depressive symptoms among fathers but not mothers. Furthermore, we find that egalitarian gender ideology moderates this relationship for mothers but not for fathers. We discuss potential implications of our findings to the work-family and gender literature and to counselors and therapists who specialize in treating depression.
Automated detection of broad NMR spectra: 19F NMR of paramagnetic UF4 and 195Pt NMR of supported Pt catalysts.

Abstract The automated detection of broad NMR spectra via the controlled stepwise motion of the NMR probe along the field axis of the superconducting solenoid is demonstrated for the detection of 19F NMR of paramagnetic UF4 and 195Pt NMR of supported metal catalysts. The sensitivity advantages of performing these measurements at 2.3 T are discussed with reference to applying this methodology to room temperature in situ electrochemical 195Pt NMR.
Ultrasonic vocalization production by socially isolated and experienced mice

Mice produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in a wide variety of social situations, including courtship, investigation, and territorial defense. Although production of USVs is believed to be innate, suggesting mice do not need acoustic experience with conspecifics to produce calls, it is possible mice require experience to emit calls in the proper behavioral context. Male mice require social experience with a female to produce USVs in response to olfactory signals present in dirty bedding (e.g., Nyby et al., 1983), and isolated male mice will produce more USVs than socially experienced males (Keesom et al., 2017), however the influence of social experience on vocal production by female mice has yet to be investigated. The present experiment aimed to determine if social isolation or experience with conspecifics influences the vocal repertoire of adult female CBA/CaJ mice. Mouse calls were recorded during exposure to an unknown male or female mouse and analyzed to determine if isolation or experience affected call number, rate, or spectrotemporal complexity. Chronic social isolation did influence the vocal repertoire, suggesting that social experience plays a role in the production of USVs by female mice.Mice produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in a wide variety of social situations, including courtship, investigation, and territorial defense. Although production of USVs is believed to be innate, suggesting mice do not need acoustic experience with conspecifics to produce calls, it is possible mice require experience to emit calls in the proper behavioral context. Male mice require social experience with a female to produce USVs in response to olfactory signals present in dirty bedding (e.g., Nyby et al., 1983), and isolated male mice will produce more USVs than socially experienced males (Keesom et al., 2017), however the influence of social experience on vocal production by female mice has yet to be investigated. The present experiment aimed to determine if social isolation or experience with conspecifics influences the vocal repertoire of adult female CBA/CaJ mice. Mouse calls were recorded during exposure to an unknown male or female mouse and analyzed to determine if isolation or experience affec...
Developmental Reprogramming by Environmental Estrogens: How Early Life Exposures Affect Cancer Risk in Adulthood

There is an emerging consensus that development is a time of increased susceptibility to the adverse effects of environmental agents. Observations in both humans and experimental animal models have led to the “developmental origins of health and disease” or DOHaD hypothesis, which posits that environmental exposures during development reprogram the epigenome to profoundly impact susceptibility to diseases of adulthood, including cancer. Recent epigenetic data confirm that alterations in both DNA methylation and histone methyl marks are associated with developmental reprogramming and linked to environmental exposures that increase cancer susceptibility. Importantly, reprogramming of the epigenome by environmental exposures during susceptible windows of development can remain dormant until triggered by later-life events such as puberty. The identification of critical epigenetic alterations associated with developmental reprogramming holds the promise for developing biomarkers that can identify individuals at increased cancer risk as a result of early life environmental exposures. Furthermore, because epigenetic changes are reversible, it may be possible in the future to reverse the adverse effects of developmental reprogramming in affected individuals at increased risk of cancer as a result of early life environmental exposures.
The Effect of Training in Motivational Interviewing on Client Adherence: A Controlled Study

This study investigated the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on client adherence. Eighty-one clients of a university-based community-counseling center were assigned to either a treatment or a control condition. Counselors of clients in the treatment group had been trained in MI; counselors of those in the control group had not. Statistical analyses revealed that clients in the treatment group attended more counseling sessions and were less likely to prematurely terminate therapy than those in the control group. Implications for using MI and suggestions for additional research are explored.
Application of Induction Motors

An electric motor drives its load in a steady-state condition when its electromagnetic torque is just equal and opposite to the torque exerted by the load. (This statement assumes that the torque corresponding to the rotational losses is either negligible or that it has been incorporated into the load torque.) In other words, the motor and its load are settling on that speed at which this condition of equilibrium is satisfied. With the aid of a given torque-speed characteristic (like that of Fig. 13-14), the steady-state speed is determined as that speed at which the magnitude of the motor torque equals that of the load torque.
Nonparametric Statistics: Records

In a sequence of observations, a ‘record’ is an observation which exceeds in value all previous observations in the sequence. In the standard record model, the observations are viewed as independent identically distributed random variables. Attention is focused on the distribution of the value of the nth record in the sequence together with asymptotic approximations to this distribution (as n→∞). In addition, distributional results are discussed for certain record counting statistics which keep track of the number of records among the first k observations and the ‘times’ at which the records occur. Discussion of statistical inference based on record data is provided. Finally, alternative record models (for example, ones involving improving populations) and multivariate record models are briefly discussed.
ONLINE TRACKING: CAN THE FREE MARKET CREATE CHOICE WHERE NONE EXISTS?

Our online privacy is compromised every time we surf the World Wide Web. The individual privacy of online users is quickly eroded by hackers, Internet advertisers, and other online entities. Behavioral advertisers are tracking our every move, cataloguing our user data, and selling it to the highest bidder. Advertisers use that information to infer users’ most sensitive interests to inundate them with ads specifically targeted to their web browsing history. Consumers are often presented with boilerplate privacy policies that they must consent to prior to using a web service or mobile application (app). Consumers have no means to fight back. They can either consent to data collection, or forego using the online service. As we live more and more of our lives online, this is nothing more than a Hobson’s choice. In Part I of this Note, I hope to shed light on the many privacy problems faced by users each time they browse the web. I then turn to current strategies aimed at combatting these global problems. In Part II, I highlight international approaches taken to protect online privacy. First, I detail the European Union’s approach to combatting many of these problems. The European Union has the most comprehensive online privacy regime, and can serve as a useful guide to our legislature in the future. I also highlight China’s approach to online privacy and its recent attempts to establish baseline Internet security standards. In Part III, I turn to the United States’ futile endeavor to protect online privacy. Although presented with numerous proposals, Congress has failed to pass any significant legislation addressing online privacy issues. I outline several recent proposals and analyze their potential effectiveness. Next, I turn from federal legislation to state legislation and detail California’s attempt to implement privacy protections for its citizens in an area where the federal government has failed to act. In Part IV, I propose a practical solution. Any privacy protection regime should place power in the hands of consumers. Consumers should have notice as to what information is collected about them, and have some enforceable mechanisms to opt out of Internet tracking. Federal legislation is one way to address this problem, but many believe it is unlikely the government can keep
Cross talk between ERα and Src signaling and its relevance to ER status and hormone responsiveness

While two thirds of breast cancers are ER positive and a majority of these are responsive to endocrine therapies, up to one third of newly diagnosed breast cancers lack detectable ER protein. ER negative breast cancers are thought to be resistance to endocrine therapy. Here we review several potential mechanisms underlying the ER negative status of these breast cancers. The role of cross-talk between ER and Src-activated signal transduction as a mediator of both ER proteolysis and ER transactivation is discussed. Src kinase is often activated in breast cancer. Liganded ER rapidly and transiently activates Src which phosphorylates ER. For a subset of ER-responsive promoters, ER phosphorylation by Src leads to enhanced ER binding to the promoter, increased interactions with E3 ubiquitin ligases, and rapid ER degradation, in a process in which ER activation is coupled to its degradation. Thus, the function of ER may not be solely dependent on the steady state levels of ER protein. A subset of ER negative breast cancers that have ER mRNA but lack detectable ER protein levels may ultimately prove to be responsive to estrogen. These observations may have broader implications for estrogen driven gene expression. Cells of estrogen responsive tissues (ovary, bone, brain and intestine) could have low ER protein levels, but retain responses to estrogen through estrogen driven ER proteolysis-coupled transcriptional activity.
TODS Perceptions and Misconceptions.

Ling Liu asked that I write a quarterly column on the ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS). I welcomed this opportunity to engage in a dialog with the database community. TODS’ raison d’etre is to disseminate scientific results and as such is a partnership between authors and readers, mediated by ACM publications staff and volunteers, primarily the TODS Editorial Board, the TODS Information Director (Curtis Dyreson) and reviewers worldwide, and propagated by libraries and companies via institutional subscriptions, by individuals via their subscriptions, and by SIGMOD via the SIGMOD Anthology and DiSC. I came on board as Editor-in-Chief a year ago, inheriting a strong and responsive journal expertly led by Won Kim. This is a time of pivotal change within the STM (Scientific/Technical/Medical) publishing enterprise.
Female Power in Primates and the Phenomenon of Female Dominance

Sex-biased power structures are common in human and nonhuman primate societies. “Female dominance” is a term applied to a wide range of female-biased power structures. However, the full extent of t...
Drumming up single-molecule beats.

Single-particle and single-molecule techniques have become invaluable tools to unravel complex chemical phenomena and biological processes. While fluorescence-based techniques have flourished due to advances in wavelength-dependent optical filtering and highly sensitive detectors (1), other methodologies (Fig. 1) have only recently achieved single-molecule sensitivity limits. A technique based on an oscillating nanodrum offers a promising new direction (2). Fig. 1. Various photothermal transducers for single-particle and single-molecule detection. ( A ) Nanomechanical resonator. A driven high-Q mechanical resonator oscillates at its stress-dependent frequency (red arrow). The photothermal plume produces thermal expansion, relieving stress and altering the resonance frequency measured by a Doppler vibrometer (green). ( B ) Surrounding medium. The heat plume produces a thermal plume (depicted by black circles) that a probe beam (green) scatters off of (dashed green arrows). The use of a high thermooptic coefficient medium (purple) enables sensitive detection. ( C ) Optical microresonator. A high-Q optical microresonator is photothermally heated, shifting the resonance condition monitored by a frequency-locked probe laser (green). ( D ) Atomic force microscope. A photothermal plume introduces thermal expansion in the sample, measured by deflection of the cantilever of the atomic force microscope (green arrow). ( E ) Surface plasmon resonance. Surface plasmons (green) are excited in a wide-field configuration. The thermal plume alters the local refractive index, shifting the plasmon. Room-temperature absorption-based techniques, while commonplace at the bulk level, offer significant challenges at the single-molecule level. A major obstacle arises when applying a typical transmission-type experimental geometry to single molecules from the extremely small single-molecule absorption cross-section, with a molecule yielding an almost imperceptible change in a large transmitted signal. At low temperature, … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: rhg{at}chem.wisc.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Ethnic Divisions among Entrepreneurs: The impact on organizational strategies & venture evolution

This paper explores how ethnic divisions among entrepreneurs are related to differences in initial organizational strategy and subsequent adaptation of firms over time, using an inductive, longitud...
Emotional Awareness Predicts Specific Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Outcomes for Anxious Youth

The current study examined emotional awareness as a predictor of differential outcomes for youth treated for an anxiety disorder. 37 youth ages 7-15 received either individual cognitive-behavioral therapy or family cognitive-behavioral therapy to treat generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and/or social phobia. Diagnoses were determined by independent evaluators, following semi-structured interviews (ADIS-IV-C/P) with youth and their parents. Self-report questionnaires, including the multidimensional anxiety scale for children and the emotion expressivity scale for children, were completed at pre- and posttreatment. Youth with higher levels of pretreatment emotional awareness had better treatment outcomes than youth with lower levels of emotional awareness, with specific regard to improved ability to cope with worry. Findings suggest that higher levels of emotional awareness facilitate better specific outcomes for anxious youth. Findings highlight the importance of understanding the emotions associated with worry during the treatment process.
The Nomogram: A Decision-Making Tool for Practitioners Using Multitiered Systems of Support

Abstract Although schools administer many assessments, there is a lack of consensus regarding the best way to combine different pieces of information to facilitate evidence-based decision-making, p...
Smart Trauma: Improving the Delivery of Evidence-Based Trauma Care

Abstract Background Mobile technology can aid in healthcare decision-making at the point of care. We created a Web-based trauma-specific smartphone application containing links to local protocols and national organization guidelines for trauma providers. We hypothesized that smartphone access to these guidelines would facilitate application of knowledge in a timely fashion. Materials and methods Trauma providers were randomized to have or not have access to their smartphone during a timed, 10-question examination of trauma scenarios based on Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Western Trauma Association, and local protocols. Participants were then surveyed regarding their experience with the application. Groups were compared based on time with completion and percentage of correct answers. Subgroup analyses were completed to assess the utility of the application. Results Of 30 participants, 16 were randomized to smartphone use. Smartphone users took longer to complete the examination than nonusers (9:18 versus 6:36, P = 0.007) but answered a greater proportion of questions correctly (50% versus 40%, P = 0.159). Smartphone users had a higher percentage correct for Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and Western Trauma Association protocol-based questions (78% versus 52%, P = 0.027; 70% versus 39%, P = 0.011), but no difference for local protocol-based questions (29% versus 37%, P = 0.48). Smartphone users who reported recent application use had the longest time to completion (11:44, P = 0.023) but the highest percentage correct (60%, P = 0.03). Conclusions Smartphone use among those familiar with our trauma application resulted in the highest percentage correct but increased times to completion. The application interface should be streamlined, and providers educated to improve usage and reduce time to access information.
Surgery in Uveitis

Ocular complications are common in uveitis and may eventually require surgical management. These complications include cataracts, uveitic glaucoma, epiretinal membranes, band keratopathy, and retinal detachments, among many others. Perioperative surgical planning and inflammatory control are paramount in these complex cases to reduce the risk of postoperative complications such as persistent inflammation and/or cystoid macular edema, hypotony, ocular hypertension, and band keratopathy. This chapter discusses the special considerations and management steps to improve surgical outcomes in uveitic eyes.
Finishing the story: Narrative ritual in news coverage of the Umpqua Community College shooting:

This article applies Victor Turner’s schema of ‘social drama’ to examine narrative rituals and the roles performed by a local and national newspaper in their coverage of the Umpqua Community Colleg...