cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of nutritive endocytosis. I. Phagocytic versatility and cellular recognition in Chlorohydra digestive cells, a scanning electron microscope study

The quantity of surface membrane internalized during phagocytosis by Chlorohydra digestive cells was estimated for a range of particle types. Challenge with 2 of these particles, freshly isolated symbiotic algae (FIS) and latex spheres (LS), resulted in a greater (2.5 X) quantity of surface membrane interiorized than with heat-treated symbiotic algae (HTS) and free living algae (FA), Chlorella vulgaris. This discriminatory process was investigated further by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) comparison of the surface events associated with phagocytosis of each of these 4 particles. Those particles that were avidly phagocytized, FIS and LS, were both enveloped by a tightly fitting extension of digestive-cell surface, and obtained a prominent surface coating after their injection into the gut of Chlorohydra. Phagocytic challenge with FIS resulted, furthermore, in the rapid formation of a dense microvillar cover on digestive-cell surfaces. HTS and FA, on the other hand, were enveloped by a less closely fitting extension of digestive-cell surface, did not obtain a prominent surface coating, and did not induce the formation of microvilli. In addition, SEM revealed that at least 3 morphologically distinct phagocytic modes were utilized by the versatile nutritive phagocyte of Chlorohydra: (I) envelopment by the progressive movement of numerous, overlapping tubular protrusions (microvilli) over the particle (FIS) surface, forming first a network of tubular interlocking members, and finally a continuous but rough enclosing surface; (2) envelopment by a single, smooth-surfaced, funnel-like extension of digestive-cell surface (FIS, LS, HTS, FA); and (3) envelopment by multiple, broad folds, often of unequal size, and with overlapping margins (Artemia particles).
Technology Evolution, from the Constructal Law

Abstract The constructal law of design evolution is the law of physics that expresses the natural tendency of all flow systems, bio and nonbio, to morph into configurations that provide greater flow access over time. River basins, animal locomotion and migratory routes, snowflakes, and turbulence structure illustrate this tendency of design occurrence and evolution over time. The movement and persistence of human life on the landscape (people, goods, construction, and mining) also evolves in accord with the constructal law. Each of us belongs to the “human and machine” species, the evolving design that is better known as technology evolution. In this chapter, I illustrate the technology evolution phenomenon by showing that larger flow components (organs) belong on larger vehicles and animals and that the time arrow of the constructal law points toward smaller sizes over time (miniaturization). This evolutionary direction is further illustrated by the evolution of cooling technology for high-density heat transfer, from natural convection to forced convection and pure conduction, Fourier and non-Fourier. Tree-shaped flow architectures emerged from the same constructal-law tendency when the flow connects one point with an infinity of points (area and volume). At bottom, all technology evolution is about facilitating the movement of the human and machine species on the world's map. This is why the more advanced groups consume proportionally more fuel and why both wealth and fuel consumption continue to rise naturally.
MECs: "Building blocks" for creating biological and chemical instruments

The development of new biological and chemical instruments for research and diagnostic applications is often slowed by the cost, specialization, and custom nature of these instruments. New instruments are built from components that are drawn from a host of different disciplines and not designed to integrate together, and once built, an instrument typically performs a limited number of tasks and cannot be easily adapted for new applications. Consequently, the process of inventing new instruments is very inefficient, especially for researchers or clinicians in resource-limited settings. To improve this situation, we propose that a family of standardized multidisciplinary components is needed, a set of "building blocks" that perform a wide array of different tasks and are designed to integrate together. Using these components, scientists, engineers, and clinicians would be able to build custom instruments for their own unique needs quickly and easily. In this work we present the foundation of this set of components, a system we call Multifluidic Evolutionary Components (MECs). "Multifluidic" conveys the wide range of fluid volumes MECs operate upon (from nanoliters to milliliters and beyond); "multi" also reflects the multiple disciplines supported by the system (not only fluidics but also electronics, optics, and mechanics). "Evolutionary" refers to the design principles that enable the library of MEC parts to easily grow and adapt to new applications. Each MEC "building block" performs a fundamental function that is commonly found in biological or chemical instruments, functions like valving, pumping, mixing, controlling, and sensing. Each MEC also has a unique symbol linked to a physical definition, which enables instruments to be designed rapidly and efficiently using schematics. As a proof-of-concept, we use MECs to build a variety of instruments, including a fluidic routing and mixing system capable of manipulating fluid volumes over five orders of magnitude, an acid-base titration instrument suitable for use in schools, and a bioreactor suitable for maintaining and analyzing cell cultures in research and diagnostic applications. These are the first of many instruments that can be built by researchers, clinicians, and students using the MEC system.
Player Migration in the Professional Age

In November 2008 the Irish province of Munster faced the New Zealand touring team. One of the great spectacles of rugby union is when the All Blacks perform their famous haka (Jackson and Hokowhitu, 2002) but before the game started the four New Zealanders in the Munster squad carried out their own haka. Doug Howlett, Rua Tipoki, Lifeimi Mafi and Jeremy Manning performed the haka while their teammates locked arms in support behind them. Tipoki, a former New Zealand Maori captain, noted that ‘As a Kiwi boy you grow up hoping that you are going to play for the All Blacks one day and as a Maori to do the haka for the All Blacks.’ If that was not possible then this was the next best thing.
Conclusion: Changing the Suburban Myth

This conclusion uses a close reading of Jeffrey Eugenides’ The Virgin Suicides to examine the role of fear in the myths that drive the modern suburbia. Drawing from Roberto Esposito’s concept of immunity and community, the conclusion reasserts that Eugenides’ novel, like many of the other fictions studied in the book, imagines a more contingent community in suburbia, one more germane to the era of global late capitalism.
A Method for Revealing and Addressing Security Vulnerabilities in Cyber-physical Systems by Modeling Malicious Agent Interactions with Formal Verification

Abstract Several cyber-attacks on the cyber-physical systems (CPS) that monitor and control critical infrastructure were publically announced over the last few years. Almost without exception, the proposed security solutions focus on preventing unauthorized access to the industrial control systems (ICS) at various levels – the defense in depth approach. While useful, it does not address the problem of making the systems more capable of responding to the malicious actions of an attacker once they have gained access to the system. The first step in making an ICS more resilient to an attacker is identifying the cyber security vulnerabilities the attacker can use during system design. This paper presents a method that reveals cyber security vulnerabilities in ICS through the formal modeling of the system and malicious agents. The inclusion of the malicious agent in the analysis of an existing systems identifies security vulnerabilities that are missed in traditional functional model checking.
Zoogeographic affinities of the stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Raft River Mountains, Utah

We examined faunal affinities of the Raft River Mountains using stoneflies (Plecoptera) as indicators. This island-like mountain range is isolated from other major mountain ranges in the Intermountain West by low-elevation, arid regions. Thirty-seven species were recorded from collections from 19 sites in the Raft River Mountains. Cluster analysis demonstrated the Raft River Mountain stonefly assemblage to be most similar to faunas of the Sawtooth and Wasatch mountains, and quite different from that of the Sierra Nevada. An analysis of the distribution patterns of each species, on a family-by-family basis, showed that the Raft River Mountains fauna consists mostly of species widespread in western North America. Most families were represented by at least 1 species whose distribution supports faunal affinities with regions to the north and west. Logistic regression of 6 long-distance dispersal factors against stonefly presence-absence data did not support long-distance dispersal as a viable means of colonization for the Raft River Mountains. This suggest that stonefly distribution patterns may be attributed to expansion and subsequent vicariance of suitable stonefly habitats during Pleistocene climatic oscillations.
Full-Duplex Spectrum Sensing and Fairness Mechanisms for Wi-Fi/LTE-U Coexistence

In this paper, we investigate the coexistence problem between Wi-Fi and a pre-standard form of LTE over unlicensed bands, namely, LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U). We address two coexistence problems. First, the different access mechanisms for Wi-Fi and LTE-U can lead to an increase in the collision rate and higher latency for both systems. We propose a modified Wi-Fi operation mode, whereby Wi-Fi stations (STAs) carry out simultaneous spectrum sensing and transmission to reduce the time required for collision detection. Specifically, we propose and analyze a full-duplex (FD) based detection framework that can differentiate between Wi-Fi and LTE-U signals while taking into account residual self- interference. Second, the ability to differentiate between Wi-Fi and LTE-U signals motivates the idea of adapting the clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold according to the type of the detected signal. Inspired by upcoming Wi-Fi standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11ax), we propose a CCA threshold adaptation scheme and study via simulations its optimal setting so as to maximize the spatial reuse while maintaining fairness between LTE-U and Wi-Fi systems.
A study of selective precipitation techniques used to recover refined iron oxide pigments for the production of paint from a synthetic acid mine drainage solution

Abstract New resource recovery methods of acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment aim to reduce waste by extracting iron contaminants in usable forms, specifically iron oxides as industrial inorganic pigments, which can be marketed and sold to subsidize treatment costs. In this study, iron oxide pigments of varying colors and properties were recovered from a synthetic AMD solution through a stepwise selective precipitation process using oxidation, pH adjustment, and filtration. Chemical and physical design variables within the process, such as alkaline addition rate, reaction temperature, drying duration, and target pH, were altered and observed for their effects on iron oxide morphology as a means of reducing—or even eliminating—the need for refining after synthesis. Resulting iron oxide pigment powders were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and visually evaluated for color and coating ability. Drying duration resulted in increased redness in paint streaks and enhanced crystallinity, as amorphous phases of iron oxide transformed into hematite. Alkaline addition rate showed no effect on the crystallinity of the powders and no consistent effect on color. Conversely, increasing reaction temperature darkened the color of pigments and increased surface area of pigment particles (thus improving coating ability) without changing the crystallinity of the samples. Iron oxides precipitated at pH 3 displayed the highest purity and possessed a distinct yellow color suggestive of jarosite, while other paint streaks darkened in color as trace metal impurities increased. The choice to use lower pH for higher quality iron oxides comes with the compromise of reduced iron recovery efficiency. Manganese and nickel did not begin to precipitate out of solution up to pH 7 and thus require increased pH neutralization in the field if natural AMD is found to contain those metals. All pigments developed in this study were found to be adequate for use as paint as demonstrated in a canvas painting.
Your post is embarrassing me

While Facebook is a popular venue for sharing information about ourselves, it also allows others to share information about us, which can lead to embarrassment. This study investigates the effects of shared face-threatening information on emotional and nonverbal indicators of embarrassment using an experiment (N=120) in which pairs of friends posted about each other on Facebook. Results show that face-threatening information shared by others produces a powerful emotional and nonverbal embarrassment response. However, it is not the content of the face-threatening post that produces this effect. Rather, the level of embarrassment depends primarily on whether that information violates the individual's identity and if they perceive that unknown members of their audience can see it. In response, individuals were most likely to joke about the post, although those who were most embarrassed were more likely to delete it. These results inform our understanding of how the process of embarrassment works online. The emotional embarrassment response is similar to offline, but is affected by the features of these sites, such as a large, invisible audience, and the need for ideal self-presentation. This finding has important implications for treating online social networks and their effects to be as real as those offline. Face-threatening posts produce strong emotional embarrassment responses.Identity violation and an unknown audience are key to embarrassment on Facebook.The known process of embarrassment is altered on Facebook by site features.Online social networks must be considered as real as offline social settings.
Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation

Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in liver injury is the primary driver of hepatic fibrosis. In this Review, Tsuchida and Friedman detail the varied intracellular and extracellular signalling pathways leading to HSC activation, as well as the role of HSCs in liver fibrosis resolution and as therapeutic targets. Hepatic fibrosis is a dynamic process characterized by the net accumulation of extracellular matrix resulting from chronic liver injury of any aetiology, including viral infection, alcoholic liver disease and NASH. Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) — transdifferentiation of quiescent, vitamin-A-storing cells into proliferative, fibrogenic myofibroblasts — is now well established as a central driver of fibrosis in experimental and human liver injury. Yet, the continued discovery of novel pathways and mediators, including autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, retinol and cholesterol metabolism, epigenetics and receptor-mediated signals, reveals the complexity of HSC activation. Extracellular signals from resident and inflammatory cells including macrophages, hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, platelets and B cells further modulate HSC activation. Finally, pathways of HSC clearance have been greatly clarified, and include apoptosis, senescence and reversion to an inactivated state. Collectively, these findings reinforce the remarkable complexity and plasticity of HSC activation, and underscore the value of clarifying its regulation in hopes of advancing the development of novel diagnostics and therapies for liver disease.
Crossing the "line": College students and academic integrity in nursing.

Abstract Background Researchers have shown a relationship between academic integrity in the classroom and acts of dishonest behavior in the clinical setting which is concerning for nursing faculty and the health care field. Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the attitudes toward academic integrity and the frequency of behaviors related to academic dishonesty in nursing and non-nursing students at a religiously affiliated institution. Design A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used to collect data regarding the knowledge, behavior, perceptions, and attitudes related to academic integrity via an online survey. Settings and Participants Nursing students and non-nursing students who attended a religiously affiliated (Jesuit) University in the United States were surveyed for this study. Results Results of the study suggest upper division and second degree nursing students are less tolerant and more condemnatory of cheating than younger students. Frequent dishonest classroom behaviors include asking and telling other students what was on the exam while the most frequent dishonest clinical behaviors included documenting findings that were not assessed or findings that were false. Conclusion Recommendations for nursing faculty include frequent and timely discussion of expected behaviors and values of nurses in order to support students' development of honesty and integrity beyond the classroom and into the clinical setting.
Application of the Constant Copolymer Composition Technique for the Synthesis of Isobutylene/ p-Methylstyrene Copolymers

Compositionally uniform high molecular weight isobutylene (IB)/p-methylstyrene (pMeSt) copolymers have been prepared by using the constant copolymer composition (CCC) technique (see preceding publication) under living carbocationic copolymerization (LC⊕Copzn) conditions. The attainment of the desired copolymer composition of IB/pMeSt = 96.5/3.5 mol%/mol% was demonstrated up to \(\overline {{{M}_{n}}} \approx 65,000 g \cdot mo{{l}^{{ - 1}}} \) Мп ≈65,000 g.mol- 1. CCC and LC⊕Copzn conditions have been quantitated by three diagnostic plots, i.e., two plots that prove the attainment of CCC conditions and one that indicate the existence of LC⊕Copzn. Specifically, CCC conditions were demonstrated by a rate plot which shows comonomers input together with copolymer formed as a function of time, and a composition plot which shows feed composition together with copolymer composition as a function of copolymer formed (Wp); finally living copolymerization was demonstrated to proceed by plotting \( {\overline M _n}\) Мп (number average molecular weight) as a function of W. According to this three prong evidence uniform composition IB/pMeSt copolymers with up to \(\overline {{{M}_{n}}} \approx 65,000 g \cdot mo{{l}^{{ - 1}}} \) Мп ≈65,000 g.тo1-1 can be conveniently prepared by living copolymerization under readily achievable CCC conditions at -50 °C. This is the first demonstration of the synthesis of a uniform composition binary copolymer by LC⊕Copzn from a comonomer pair whose reactivity ratios differ by about one order of magnitude.
Application of Invasion Percolation Simulations to Predict Plume Behavior through a Heterogeneous Intermediate-scale Sand Tank

Abstract In this study we take advantage of direct observations of a buoyant CO2-surrogate plume migrating through a synthetic sand aquifer saturated with a brine-analog to evaluate the effects of a heterogeneous capillary pressure field. The experiment involves two injection stages characterized by capillary number Ca∼10-6 separated by two redistribution stages allowing the plume to reach hydrostatic equilibrium (10-9
News media literacy and conspiracy theory endorsement

Conspiracy theories flourish in the wide-open media of the digital age, spurring concerns about the role of misinformation in influencing public opinion and election outcomes. This study examines w...
Rape Jokes: Laugh Till You Cry

Rape “jokes” are disturbing. We almost laugh, we cringe, some of us tear up. This essay deconstructs the psychic action of such material and the way an audience (or community) can find themselves reluctantly identifying with the affable, loquacious sociopath (think Bill Cosby). His victims become nothing more than roadkill, no match for the clever narcissist who never shuts up.
Refractory focal epilepsy in a paediatric patient with primary familial brain calcification

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), otherwise known as Fahr's disease, is a rare autosomal dominant condition with manifestations of movement disorders, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and epilepsy in a minority of PFBC patients. The clinical presentation of epilepsy in PFBC has not been described in detail. We present a paediatric patient with PFBC and refractory focal epilepsy based on seizure semiology and ictal EEG, but with generalized interictal EEG abnormalities. The patient was found to have a SLC20A2 mutation known to be pathogenic in PFBC, as well as a variant of unknown significance in SCN2A. This case demonstrates that the ictal EEG is important for accurately classifying epilepsy in affected subjects with PFBC. Further, epilepsy in PFBC may be a polygenic disorder.
How to Architect a Query Compiler, Revisited

To leverage modern hardware platforms to their fullest, more and more database systems embrace compilation of query plans to native code. In the research community, there is an ongoing debate about the best way to architect such query compilers. This is perceived to be a difficult task, requiring techniques fundamentally different from traditional interpreted query execution. We aim to contribute to this discussion by drawing attention to an old but underappreciated idea known as Futamura projections, which fundamentally link interpreters and compilers. Guided by this idea, we demonstrate that efficient query compilation can actually be very simple, using techniques that are no more difficult than writing a query interpreter in a high-level language. Moreover, we demonstrate how intricate compilation patterns that were previously used to justify multiple compiler passes can be realized in one single, straightforward, generation pass. Key examples are injection of specialized index structures, data representation changes such as string dictionaries, and various kinds of code motion to reduce the amount of work on the critical path. We present LB2: a high-level query compiler developed in this style that performs on par with, and sometimes beats, the best compiled query engines on the standard TPC-H benchmark.
Predicting age of becoming a cardinal principle knower

Children’s first mathematics concept is their understanding of the quantities represented by number words (cardinal value), and the age at which they achieve this insight predicts their readiness for mathematics learning in school. We provide the first exploration of the factors that influence the age of becoming a cardinal principle knower (CPK), with a longitudinal study of 197 (94 boys) children from the beginning to the end of two years of preschool. Core symbolic and nonsymbolic quantitative competencies at the beginning of preschool, as well as measures of intelligence, executive function, preliteracy skills, and parental education, were used to predict timing of CPK status. Children who achieved early CPK status had higher IQ scores, knew more count words and numerals, and had a better intuitive understanding of relative quantity than their peers. Children who were delayed CPKs, in contrast, had deficits in executive function and poor preliteracy skills. The results add to our understanding of children’s conceptual development in mathematics and have implications for the identification of at-risk children and design of interventions for them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Biomolecular Sampling: Algorithms, Test Molecules, and Metrics

We compare the effectiveness of different simulation sampling techniques by illustrating their application to united atom butane, alanine dipeptide, and a small solvated protein, BPTI. We introduce an optimization of the Shadow Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, a rigorous method that removes the bias of molecular dynamics. We also evaluate the ability of constant-temperature MD methods (based on Langevin and Nose-Hoover dynamics) to achieve uniform thermal equilibrium. Our results show the superiority of Langevin dynamics over Nose-Hoover dynamics to achieve thermal equilibrium. They also illustrate the inherent limitation of protocols that rely on sampling the microcanonical and canonical ensemble at only one temperature, and the importance of generalized ensemble approaches such as replica exchange that sample using different temperatures. Finally, we show how SHMC is able to remove bias and scale with timestep and system size. Presented, herein, are a set of sampling algorithms, test molecules, and metrics. We make the sampling methods discussed available via the open source and freely distributed ProtOmol molecular simulation framework.
Few Group Analysis of D2O-U235 Assemblies

Few-group analysis is applied to a variety of D/sub 2/O--U/sup 235/ critical assemblies. Use of relatively simple prescriptions for obtaining group constants is sufficient to give good values of the reactivity over a wide range of concentrations of U/sup 235/ in D/sub 2/O. Among these simple prescriptions is one which attempts to take into account the spatial variation in the neutron spectrum in reflected systems. This prescription improves the calculated reactivity by about 5% over that obtained with only a single thermal neutron spectrum characteristic of the core (auth)
Statistical approach to estimate coalescence of a single droplet at interface affected by aqueous phase composition

Abstract A significant portion of the world's crude oil is produced in the form of oil-water emulsions. The effective separation of oil and water dispersions could be considered as one of the critical steps in determination of the economic and technical success of the petroleum industry for many years. Deep understanding of basic droplet coalescence at the interface and different parameters that are effecting on this phenomenon is essential for characterization of the global phase separation. An experimental investigation of the coalescence of single droplet at the interface of Exxsol-aqueous phase was carried, with emphasis on the effect of aqueous phase composition and droplet size on stability of droplets. A Coalescence Time Measurement (CTM) facility is utilized to measure mean coalescence time at the liquid-liquid interface and examine how it could be affected by droplet size, viscosity of the continuous phase and the composition of aqueous phase, which is crucial for characterization of the global separation process. Moreover statistical analysis of CTM data is conducted to develop relationship among the coalescence time and process controllable variables (droplet size, continuous phase viscosity, interfacial tension, density of dispersed phase and continuous phase, salinity and hydrate inhibitor concentration).
Abstract TP546: Association of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Defined Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation with Progression of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensity Lesions in Comatose Patients

Background: Real-time regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may aid in the identification of intracerebral ischemia in critically ill patie...
One-dimensional modeling of fractional flow reserve in coronary artery disease: Uncertainty quantification and Bayesian optimization

Abstract Non-invasive estimation of fractional flow reserve (FFR) values, the key index in the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease, is a promising alternative to traditional way of performing invasive coronary angiography. With the advances in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), one can estimate FFR based on the solution obtained in a reconstructed coronary geometry from coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography. However, the computational cost to perform three-dimensional (3D) simulations has limited the use of CFD in most clinical settings. This could become more restrictive if one aims to quantify the uncertainty associated with FFR calculations due to the uncertainty in anatomic and physiologic properties as a significant number of 3D simulations is required to sample a relatively large parametric space . We have developed a predictive probabilistic model of FFR, which quantifies the uncertainty of the predicted values with significantly lower computational costs. Based on global sensitivity analysis, we first identify the important physiologic and anatomic parameters that impact the predictions of FFR. Our approach is to employ one-dimensional blood flow simulations of coronary trees that offer fast FFR predictions with uncertainty quantification in computing blood pressure and flow distributions within the coronaries. This is complemented with a multifidelity algorithm that is used to infer their optimal values using available patient-specific clinical measurements.
An Efficient Method for Multipath Mitigation Applicable to BOC Signals in GNSS

This paper proposes an efficient method for multi-path mitigation in GNSS that uses BOC signals. This method determines the maximum width of a W 2 window in a CCRW receiver to mitigate multipath effects. The length of this window is iteratively reduced until it reaches a value with which the distortion produced by multipath is eliminated. This distortion is measured as the Euclidean distance between the actual discriminator (obtained for the incoming signal), and the local discriminator (generated with a local copy of the signal). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulations of multipath environments. The principal advantage of the proposed scheme is that it is simple to implement.
Religious involvement and racial disparities in opioid use disorder between 2004-2005 and 2012-2013: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Abstract Background Psychosocial factors have rarely been studied to understand racial differences in opioid use disorders (OUD). We investigate religious involvement and Black-White differences in OUD risk between 2004-05 and 2012-13. Methods We use Non-Hispanic Black and White adults from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (wave 2, N = 26,661 and NESARC-III, N = 26,960) (NESARC). We conducted survey-weighted logistic regression to examine whether race moderates the association between religious involvement and lifetime DSM-IV and -5 OUD and whether those differences change (i.e., are modified) by time, adjusted for covariates such as age, education, and urbanicity. Religious involvement measures were service attendance, social interaction, and subjective religiosity/spirituality. Results The prevalence of lifetime DSM-IV (3.82 vs 1.66) and DSM-5 (2.49 vs 1.32) OUD in NESARC-III was higher among White compared to Black respondents. Never attending services declined for both races over time. Race moderated the association between service attendance (F(4,65) = 14.9, p = 0.000), social interaction (F(4,65) = 34.4, p = 0.000) and subjective religiosity/spirituality (F(2,65) = 7.03, p = 0.000) on DSM-IV OUD in wave 2 and using DSM-5 OUD in NESARC-III (F(1,113) = 2.79, p = 0.066). Race differences in religion and DSM-IV OUD risk was modified by time (i.e., survey year) (all p NESARC-III. There were no changes in regression slopes among White respondents. Conclusions Religious involvement may be important for prevention and treatment practices that respond to racial differences in risk of OUD. Replicate studies should examine other religious factors and specific types of opioids.
Rotational spectrum and structure of the linear HCN-HCCH dimer

Abstract The ground state rotational spectra have been observed for five isotopic species of the linear, hydrogen bonded dimer, HCN-HCCH, using a Fourier transform Balle-Flygare microwave spectrometer. The B 0 and D J rotational constants for the parent species are 1625.381 MHz and 3.08 kHz, respectively. Analysis of the spectra gives substitution values of 4.651 A, 17.1° and 7.8°, respectively, for the c.m. to c.m. distance R between monomers, and for the average amplitudes θ and φ of the HCN and HCCH torsional vibrations. The D J leads to a stretching force constant k s of 4.4 N/m and a well depth of 660 cm −1 . The substitution and 14 N quadrupole interaction data are employed to assess the small charge redistribution effects caused by formation of the dimer. The results are compared with those for HCN-HCN and HCN-HF. Corresponding ab initio and model calculations indicate that the charge redistribution is simple electrical polarization. A T-shaped HCN/HCCH dimer was reported earlier. The properties of the two isomers are compared. It is found that formation of the linear form is favored by using neon first run as the carrier gas, but it is strongly relaxed to the T-shaped isomer by addition of a small amount of Ar (6%).
The modern‐day Odysseus: How mental health providers can better reintegrate modern warriors and mitigate suicide risk

During their return from combat, warriors from Greek mythology and Native American traditions received the support of "helpers" to guide the reintegration back into their communities or tribes. While the military provides our modern warriors (MWs), similar helpers, during their departure from their hometown and during their initiation into the military, there is a dearth of comparable help when MWs reintegrate back into their hometowns. We strive to assist mental health providers to serve as such helpers for MWs to shape their reintegration environment, enable MWs to meet their unique needs after exiting the military, ameliorate the MW suicide epidemic, and facilitate MWs to continue their next "mission" to serve and improve society with a newly forged MW identity, wisdom, and sense of purpose.
Oral health behaviours and dental caries in low-income children with special healthcare needs: A prospective observational study

Background Dental caries is a significant public health problem for low-income children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN). Aim We evaluated associations between oral health behaviours (eg diet, fluoride, dental care) and dental caries for CSHCN enrolled in Medicaid, a health insurance programme for low-income populations that provides comprehensive dental coverage for children. Design We recruited 116 CSHCN ages 7-20 years from Medicaid enrolment files in Washington state, USA. Caregivers completed a 166-item questionnaire, and children received a dental screening. The outcome was dental caries, defined as total pre-cavitated, decayed, missing or filled tooth (PDMF) surfaces. We ran log-linear regression models and generated prevalence rate ratios (PRR). Results The mean age of study participants was 12.4 ± 3.1 years, 41.4% were female, and 38.8% were white. The mean PDMF surfaces were 6.4 ± 9.4 (range: 0-49). Only sugar-sweetened beverage intake was significantly associated with dental caries. CSHCN who consumed >4 sugar-sweetened beverages per week were significantly more likely to have dental caries than those who consumed no sugar-sweetened beverages (PRR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.37, 4.85; P Conclusion Sugar-sweetened beverages are an important target for future behavioural interventions aimed at preventing dental caries in low-income CSHCN.
Signature-inverse Theorem in Mesh Group-planes.

This is the second paper devoted to the numerical version of Signature-inverse Theorem in terms of the underlying joint invariants. Signature Theorem and its Inverse guarantee any application of differential invariant signature curves to the invariant recognition of visual objects. We first show the invalidity of Curvature-inverse and Signature inverse theorems, meaning non-congruent meshes may have the same joint invariant numerical curvature or signature. Then by classifying three and five point ordinary meshes respectively in the Euclidean and affine cases, we look for conditions in terms of the associated joint invariant signatures which make these theorems correct. Additionally, we bring forward The Host Theorem to provide a simpler version of Signature-inverse Theorem for closed ordinary meshes.
Mesenchymal Tumors of the Mediastinum

Tumors of mesenchymal origin are relatively rare neoplasms that are most frequently found in the soft tissues of the extremities or in the abdomen. Primary sarcomas arising in the mediastinum are unusual entities, representing less than 10% of all adult mediastinal tumors and less than 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Approximately half of the primary mediastinal tumors of mesenchymal origin are estimated to be malignant. Mediastinal sarcomas may arise de novo or, rarely, in the context of somatic transformation of a mediastinal germ cell tumor (most commonly rhabdomyosarcomas and angiosarcomas). Overall, most soft tissue tumors reported in other anatomic sites have also been recognized in the mediastinum, resulting in a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Among these, neurogenic tumors are by far the most common, accounting for approximately 20% of all adult and 35% of all pediatric mediastinal tumors. Liposarcomas, solitary fibrous tumors, and synovial sarcomas are other common mesenchymal lesions in this particular location. Due to the rarity and heterogeneity of mediastinal sarcomas, as well as the complex anatomy in this site, no consistent therapy approach has been outlined and the outlook for these patients remains poor. Surgical management remains the preferential treatment and completeness of surgical resection is an important factor determining survival in these patients.
Factors Associated With High Resource Use in Elective Adult Cardiac Surgery From 2005 to 2016.

Author(s): Seo, Young-Ji; Sareh, Sohail; Hadaya, Joseph; Sanaiha, Yas; Ziaeian, Boback; Shemin, Richard J; Benharash, Peyman | Abstract: BackgroundLack of consensus remains about factors that may be associated with high resource use (HRU) in adult cardiac surgical patients. This study aimed to identify patient-related, hospital, and perioperative characteristics associated with HRU admissions involving elective cardiac operations.MethodsData from the National Inpatient Sample was used to identify patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft, valve replacement, and valve repair operations between 2005 and 2016. Admissions with HRU were defined as those in the highest decile for total hospital costs. Multivariable regressions were used to identify factors associated with HRU.ResultsAn estimated 1,750,253 hospitalizations coded for elective cardiac operations. The median hospitalization cost was $34,700 (interquartile range, $26,800- to $47,100), with the HRU (Nn= 175,025) cutoff at $66,029. Although HRU patients comprised 10% of admissions, they accounted for 25% of cumulative costs. On multivariable regression, patient-related characteristics predictive of HRU included female sex, older age, higher comorbidity burden, non-White race, and highest income quartile. Hospital factors associated with HRU were low-volume hospitals for both coronary artery bypass graft and valvular operations. Among postoperative outcomes, mortality, infectious complications, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, and hospitalization for more than 8 days were associated with greater odds of HRU.ConclusionsIn this nationwide study of elective cardiac surgical patients, several important patient-related and hospital factors, including patients' race, comorbidities, postoperative infectious complications, and low hospital operative volume were identified as predictors of HRU. These highly predictive factors may be used for benchmarking purposes and improvement in surgical planning.
Finding Hope at Camp: An Investigation of the Influence of Grief Camp on Youth Depression, Anxiety, and Self-Concept Indicators

Grieving a loved one can be challenging for youth. The current body of grief literature lacks studies that provide evidence for short-term grief support interventions for youth. This quantitative s...
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement for degenerated mitral bioprostheses: a systematic review.

Background: Treatment of degenerated mitral bioprostheses with transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve (MVIV) implantation is increasingly used. The goal of this review was to evaluate the one-year outcomes of this therapy using the most recent evidence. Methods: A MEDLINE, Cochrane database and SCOPUS search was performed of published observational studies involving patients undergoing transcatheter MVIV for degenerated bioprosthesis to determine procedural success, thirty-day and one-year survival. Results: A total of 2,684 patients undergoing transcatheter MVIV were identified from five studies with mean age of 73–75 years, 57–63% female and Society for Thoracic Surgery (STS) risk score ranging from 9–13%. Procedural technical success ranged from 94–98%, with 1–3% rates of periprocedural death, 0–2% stroke and 1–5% risk of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction. Thirty-day post-procedure mean mitral prosthetic gradient ranged from 6–7 mmHg and residual mitral regurgitation was mild or less in 96–100% of patients. Thirty-day survival and one-year survival ranged from 93–97% and 83–89% respectively. Conclusions: Transcatheter MVIV is an effective treatment for structural degeneration of biologic mitral valve replacement with low complication rates and favorable one-year outcomes. Accordingly, MVIV should be considered as a reasonable alternative to re-do surgical mitral valve replacement in high risk patients with comorbidities. Further study of long-term outcomes of this treatment is needed.
Design and project status of the National Synchrotron Light Source; storage rings (2. 5 GeV, 0. 7 GeV) for the generation of bright synchrotron radiation sources

Two high intensity storage rings are being constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory for the generation of intense fluxes of synchrotron radiation in the VUV wavelength region (700 MeV ring, λc = 31.5 A) and in the X-ray wavelength region (2.5 GeV ring, λc = 2.5 A). A description is given of the facility, the main features of the storage rings are presented and the basic parameters are enumerated. High field superconducting wigglers, to lower the short wavelength cutoff in the X-ray ring, and undulators, for flux enhancement or a free electron laser experiment will be incorporated and parameters are given here. Special design aspects to optimize the electron storage rings as dedicated synchrotron radiation sources will be emphasized and the status of the project will be given.
Acidification of Intracellular Organelles

The interior of many intracellular organelles is maintained at a pH lower than that of the cytoplasm. These organelles include a wide variety of secretory granules, such as synaptic vesicles, chromaffin granules, and peptide storage granules, as well as lysosomes and plant vacuoles. This chapter will discuss the evidence that these organelles are acidic, and the ways in which the acidic interior is used by the cell. It also attempts to review the mechanisms which might account for maintenance of a pH difference (ApH) across the organelle membrane, including the proposal that a unique ATPase H + pump resides in the organelle membrane. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to review H + movements across energy-transducing membranes, such as submitochondrial particles and chloroplasts, which also acidify their interiors in a process directly connected with conversion of metabolic or light energy into ATP. In general, we can separate proton movements across intracellular membranes into two categories, those which are coupled to ATP production, as in mitochondria and chloroplasts, and those in which metabolic energy is used to acidify the interior of organelles for a specialized purpose distinct from energy production. The two processes are not mutually exclusive, since the processes of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis are innate properties of both pathways. However, there probably are physical distinctions between the machinery involved in the two systems.
Sequence of lamprey vitellogenin. Implications for the lipovitellin crystal structure.

The amino acid sequence of lamprey vitellogenin has been predicted from the nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA. The sites of proteolytic cleavage that produce the lipovitellin complex from the vitellogenin have been located by comparing the N-terminal sequences of two lamprey lipovitellin polypeptides with the predicted sequence. These results also confirm that the vitellogenin sequence derived here corresponds to the lipovitellin complex for which the crystal structure has been solved previously. Predictions of secondary structure indicate that the region most likely to correspond to the large α-helical domain of the crystallographic model consists of vitellogenin residues 300 to 600. Similar to the lipovitellins of Xenopus laevis, lamprey lipovitellin appears to lack approximately 200 C-terminal residues that are present in vitellogenin. However, the lamprey lipovitellin differs from those of Xenopus and chicken in two respects. First, most of the serine-rich domain that is present as the phosvitin polypeptide in the lipovitellins of the higher vertebrates appears to be lost in the maturation of lamprey vitellogenin to lipovitellin. Second, the domains that constitute the large lipovitellin-1 polypeptide in Xenopus and chicken are present in two polypeptides in lamprey, owing to an additional proteolytic processing event.
Digitization of Electrocardiogram From Telemetry Prior to In-hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Pilot Study.

Background:Analyzing telemetry electrocardiogram (ECG) data over an extended period is often time-consuming because digital records are not widely available at hospitals. Investigating trends and p...
Longitudinal Vehicle Controllers for IVHS: Theory and Experiment

This paper presents the results and analysis of experiments carried out on a platoon control system developed in the Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways (PATH). The objective of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of applying currently available technology to the concept of vehicle platoon control. The Integrated Platoon Control System (IPCS) includes a control system, communication system, data acquisition system, and various sensors including a radar system. The control algorithm was developed using a modified sliding control method which compensates for the inherent nonlinearities that exist in the automobile plant. Previous simulation results show that the hybrid throttle and brake controller successfully controlled two and four car platoons. Experimental results using two cars also showed successful results. The automated vehicle satisfactorily tracked the manually driven lead vehicle through two different kinds of maneuvers.