cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOI1 Encodes a Novel, Conserved Protein That Promotes TGN–Endosomal Cycling of Kex2p and Other Membrane Proteins by Modulating the Function of Two TGN Localization Signals

Localization of yeast Kex2 protease to the TGN requires a signal (TLS1) in its cytosolic tail (C-tail). Mutation of TLS1 results in rapid transit of Kex2p to the vacuole. Isolation of suppressors of the Tyr713Ala mutation in TLS1 previously identified three SOI genes. SOI1, cloned by complementation of a sporulation defect, encodes a novel, hydrophilic 3,144-residue protein with homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and humans. Epitope-tagged Soi1p existed in a detergent-insensitive, sedimentable form. Deletion of SOI1 impaired TGN localization of wild-type Kex2p and a fusion protein containing the C-tail of Ste13p, and also caused missorting of carboxypeptidase Y and accelerated vacuolar degradation of the Vps10p sorting receptor. Deletion of SOI1 improved retention of Tyr713Ala Kex2p in the pro-alpha-factor processing compartment but, unlike the original soi1 alleles, did not increase the half-life of Tyr713Ala Kex2p. These results suggested that Soi1p functions at two steps in the cycling of Kex2p and other proteins between the TGN and prevacuolar compartment (PVC). This hypothesis was confirmed in several ways. Soi1p was shown to be required for optimal function of TLS1. Suppression of the Tyr713Ala mutation by mutation of SOI1 was shown to be caused by activation of a second signal (TLS2) in the Kex2p C-tail. TLS2 delayed exit of Kex2p from the TGN, whereas TLS1 did not affect this step. We propose that Soi1p promotes cycling of TGN membrane proteins between the TGN and PVC by antagonizing a TGN retention signal (TLS2) and facilitating the function of a retrieval signal (TLS1) that acts at the PVC.
Expert advisor system for the management of interventions in acute myocardial infraction

The author has designed a prototype of a computer-based expert system for assisting with the management of intervention in patients undergoing an acute myocardial infarction (MI), combining a traditional rule-based model with hypertext capabilities. Knowledge was extracted from the major clinical trials of intervention for acute MI and from studies on the outcome for patients with MI treated routinely. Rules were formulated to capture the knowledge contained in the observations and recommendations made in these studies. The knowledge base can be accessed as a consultative system, allowing the user to explore various therapeutic options for a specific patient while providing opportunities for obtaining and pursuing unfamiliar concepts in greater depth. Where possible, data which the system has acquired about the patient under consideration is used to highlight pertinent categories in the display of tabular information. A browse mode is also available, and allows the system to be accessed in a more general fashion as a computerized textbook, displaying topics, summaries, abstracts from articles in the medical literature, tables, and figures, all using hypertext facilities. >
Deform flexible beams by two manipulators through neural network learning

In a previous paper (1993), the authors proposed an optimal trajectory for two manipulators to bend a flexible beam. The criterion was to minimize the interaction forces and moments between the beam and the end-effectors. It turned out that computation for specifying such a trajectory was complicated since an elliptic integral was involved in the computation. In this study, a circular arc is used as the motion trajectory of the two end-effectors. Since a circular arc is easy to specify, the computation time is greatly reduced. However, the interaction forces and moments become non-minimal. To overcome this problem, a neural network mechanism is proposed to adjust the trajectory in real-time such that the interaction forces and moments are reduced. The residual forces and moments are further minimized by a force feedback control mechanism. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed method. >
STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF SPONTANEOUS CONJUNCTIVAL FOLLICULOSIS OF MONKEYS : II. BACTERIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS

In the bacteriological study here reported, we undertook an investigation of the flora associated with spontaneous conjunctival folliculosis. Following the plan of Noguchi (2), monkeys and chimpanzees were inoculated with the different organisms recovered from affected tissues. By this means, we disclosed among the bacteria a new species, Bacterium simiae, which was found to be specifically active, in that it induced follicular reactions in the conjunctiva apparently indistinguishable from the disease as it occurs in nature. The specific action of the bacterium in animals is the more striking when it is compared with the innocuousness of other organisms isolated from cases of folliculosis, and also when considered in relation to the behavior of quarantined animals. While the disease arises spontaneously in stock animals, of some 300 normal rhesus monkeys— these being isolated in lots of ten to twenty and quarantined from 6 to 14 weeks—not one has as yet shown folliculosis. With the insignificant exception already mentioned (1), the experimental disease was produced only when the inoculum contained either folliculosis tissue or cultures of the simian organism. Apart from these findings, the experimental results indicate that (a) the bacterium has thus far been recovered only from folliculosis cases and not from other forms of conjunctivitis nor from normal tissues; (b) the microorganism has been isolated not only from affected conjunctivae of stock monkeys but also from the tissue of animals— macaques and apes—experimentally infected with the bacterium, and (c) such recovered cultures have, in turn, been found to be specifically pathogenic in normal rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees. We may therefore postulate from this experimental study that an intimate relation exists between Bacterium simiae and spontaneous conjunctival folliculosis of simians.
Role of Cell-Type-Specific Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation in Polyomavirus Trafficking

BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a widespread human pathogen that establishes a lifelong persistent infection and can cause severe disease in immunosuppressed patients. BKPyV is a nonenveloped DNA virus that must traffic through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for productive infection to occur; however, it is unknown how BKPyV exits the ER before nuclear entry. In this study, we elucidated the role of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway during BKPyV intracellular trafficking in renal proximal tubule epithelial (RPTE) cells, a natural host cell. Using proteasome and ERAD inhibitors, we showed that ERAD is required for productive entry. Altered trafficking and accumulation of uncoated viral intermediates were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization and indirect immunofluorescence in the presence of an inhibitor. Additionally, we detected a change in localization of partially uncoated virus within the ER during proteasome inhibition, from a BiP-rich area to a calnexin-rich subregion, indicating that BKPyV accumulated in an ER subcompartment. Furthermore, inhibiting ERAD did not prevent entry of capsid protein VP1 into the cytosol from the ER. By comparing the cytosolic entry of the related polyomavirus simian virus 40 (SV40), we found that dependence on the ERAD pathway for cytosolic entry varied between the polyomaviruses and between different cell types, namely, immortalized CV-1 cells and primary RPTE cells.
And All the Pieces Matter: Thoughts on The Wire and the Criminal Justice System

The standard police procedural, even including great dramas like NYPD Blue and Hill Street Blues, adheres to time-honored narrative conventions. It focuses on good if sometimes imperfect cops trying to find the real bad guys - the perpetrators - and bring them to justice. A crime had ruptured the social fabric, and at the end of the episode, guilt is determined and things are put to right. The standard procedural is concerned mainly with individual fault and heroism. It does not raise disquieting questions about the criminal justice system, the legal system, or the social and political arrangements that lead to a permanent underclass. There are eight million stories in the Naked City, and in the police procedural, every one of them stands on its own. The Wire is a different kind of television. It aims not to reassure but to unsettle, or as David Simon once put it, "to pick a fight." Unlike the standard police procedural, which resolves a discrete problem every week, The Wire keeps widening its lens to reveal the context in which crime and policing take place. Although the show begins as a description of an actual wiretap, the series soon turns out to be about a series of interlocking systems, wired for dysfunction. The Wire is deeply concerned with institutions, how they constrain the shape of individual lives, and how they perpetuate themselves, often at the expense of achieving their legitimate goals. However, although the show’s most cherished subject is the institutional roadblocks to good policing, The Wire defies the standard paradigm in this regard as well. It is not one of those cop shows that reflexively portray constitutional rights as annoying hindrances to law enforcement. Other shows tell us that cops need free rein; that we ought to trust their instincts and keep the government and the Constitution off their backs. This show vividly demonstrates that those instincts are sometimes misguided or self protective and that the right kinds of limits can play an important role in good police work. This essay is an exploration and appreciation of The Wire’s remarkable portrait of the criminal justice system, with particular attention to its insights about policing and criminal procedure. It uses the chess lesson scene from Season One, “The King Stay the King,” as a starting point.
Androgen Receptor and the Testes Influence Hypertension in a Hybrid Rat Model

The objective of this study was to determine if males with a deficient androgen receptor would develop hypertension when crossed with a hypertensive parent. Female King-Holtzman rats (n = 15), heterozygous for the testicular feminization (Tfm) gene, were crossed with male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and blood pressure was measured weekly from 5-14 weeks in the F1 hybrid males. Approximately 50% of the F1 hybrid males were Tfm males and androgen receptor-deficient, and 50% were normal. Blood pressure in the parent King-Holtzman males, Tfms, and female rats was also followed for the same time period. The F1 normal male hybrids had a significantly higher (p less than 0.05) systolic blood pressure than the Tfm hybrid males after 12 weeks (195 +/- 8 versus 170 +/- 8 mm Hg, respectively). Blood pressure in the male and Tfm Holtzman rats was 120 +/- 5 mm Hg and 110 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively. Castration lowered blood pressure by 38 mm Hg in the hybrid males and 27 mm Hg in the Tfm hybrids. Female F1 hybrids also showed a pressure rise above that of female Holtzman controls (155 +/- 6 mm Hg versus 110 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) but lower than the F1 males and Tfm hybrids. Ovariectomized females with testosterone implants did not show an elevation in blood pressure. Plasma electrolytes, norepinephrine, and cholesterol were not significantly different between normal and Tfm hybrid males. The results suggest that the presence of an androgen receptor and a testis-derived factor mediate the blood pressure rise in the hybrid males.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Resonant-optical-cavity photoconductive switch with 0.5% conversion efficiency and 1.0 W peak power.

We report a new photoconductive switch having an average output power of 44 μW, an instantaneous bandwidth of ∼300 GHz, an output pulse width of ∼2.2 ps, a peak output power of ≈1.0 W, and an optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of ∼0.5% when pumped by a palm-sized mode-locked free-space laser at λ=780.6 nm with an average power of 8.7 mW and an optical pulse width of ∼−230 fs. The switch is made from an ErAs:GaAs epitaxial layer inside a resonant optical cavity and coupled to a planar three-turn square spiral antenna.
Humanizing the Problem of Transplant Vasculopathy

A frequent problem in transplantation is allograft survival, which can be exacerbated by nonimmune mechanisms in response to perioperative injury of the blood vessels.1 In addition to inflammatory responses, nonimmune mechanisms may also contribute to the development of graft arteriosclerosis (GA), found frequently in cardiac allografts.2 GA of the coronary arteries, or cardiac allograft vasculopathy, is characterized by expansion of the intima and inadequate outward remodeling of the arteries of the graft. Similar pathology is also observed in other solid organ graft types, such as renal allografts.3 It is unclear whether this type of GA is a direct response of the vasculature to injury, including rejection and perioperative injury, or whether it is an indirect response to injury that changes the way the immune system interacts with the graft. See accompanying article on page 353 Immune-mediated chronic graft rejection requires a strong adaptive immune response to foreign antigens (termed alloantigens) expressed by the graft. Such immune responses can be mediated by memory T lymphocytes, which are frequently found in the circulation of human adults. Consistent with this, the frequency of circulating memory T lymphocytes correlates with the frequency and severity of rejection.4 Furthermore, T lymphocytes have been found surrounding the adventitia of the vessels in specimens of cardiac allograft with GA.5,6 This “circumstantial” …
The Computational Geometry Impact Task Force Report: An Executive Summary

In June of 1994, I invited a group of researchers to join in an effort to assess the impact (past, present, and future) of computational geometry in the practice of geometric computing. With rapid advances in computer hardware and visualization systems, geometric computing is creeping into virtually every corner of science and engineering, from design and manufacturing to astrophysics to molecular biology to fluid dynamics. Can computational geometry meet the algorithmic needs of practitioners? Should it look to applied areas for new sources of problems? Can CG live up to its potential and become a key player in the vast and diverse world of geometric computing? These are some of the questions addressed in the Computational Geometry Impact Task Force Report. The document was prepared by a group of computer scientists, engineers, and mathematicians with extensive experience in geometric computing. The report was intended as a wake-up call rather than an agenda setter, meant to engage a community-wide discussion on the future of computational geometry. What follows is a brief executive summary of the report. The full report is accessible at the URL, http://www.cs.princeton.edu/∼chazelle/taskforce/CGreport.ps.Z. It is also available as Technical Report TR-521-96, Princeton University, April 1996.
Mechanisms by which somatotropin decreases adipose tissue growth

When growing pigs are treated daily with recombinantly derived porcine somatotropin (pST) for 30-60 d there is a dose-dependent decrease in lipid accretion. Maximal doses of pST can reduce lipid accretion by as much as 70%. The reduction in lipid accretion occurs because of a marked decrease in glucose transport and lipogenesis that is the result of a pST-dependent decrease in the ability of insulin to stimulate these processes in the adipocyte; lipolysis is not affected. The decrease in insulin sensitivity is not due to a decrease in insulin binding or insulin receptor kinase activity. Little is understood about the somatotropin (ST) intracellular signal pathway(s) that mediate the biological effects of ST. These effects are chronic rather than acute as was previously believed
The Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1:B7-1 Pathway Restrains Diabetogenic Effector T Cells In Vivo

Programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a coinhibitory molecule that negatively regulates multiple tolerance checkpoints. In the NOD mouse model, PD-L1 regulates the development of diabetes. PD-L1 has two binding partners, programmed death-1 and B7-1, but the significance of the PD-L1:B7-1 interaction in regulating self-reactive T cell responses is not yet clear. To investigate this issue in NOD mice, we have compared the effects of two anti-PD-L1 Abs that have different blocking activities. Anti-PD-L1 mAb 10F.2H11 sterically and functionally blocks only PD-L1:B7-1 interactions, whereas anti-PD-L1 mAb 10F.9G2 blocks both PD-L1:B7-1 and PD-L1:programmed death-1 interactions. Both Abs had potent, yet distinct effects in accelerating diabetes in NOD mice: the single-blocker 10F.2H11 mAb was more effective at precipitating diabetes in older (13-wk-old) than in younger (6- to 7-wk-old) mice, whereas the dual-blocker 10F.9G2 mAb rapidly induced diabetes in NOD mice of both ages. Similarly, 10F.2H11 accelerated diabetes in recipients of T cells from diabetic, but not prediabetic mice, whereas 10F.9G2 was effective in both settings. Both anti-PD-L1 mAbs precipitated diabetes in adoptive transfer models of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell-driven diabetes. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the PD-L1:B7-1 pathway inhibits potentially pathogenic self-reactive effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses in vivo, and suggest that the immunoinhibitory functions of this pathway may be particularly important during the later phases of diabetogenesis.
An indirect numerical method for the solution of a class of optimal control problems with singular arcs

An indirect numerical method is presented that solves a class of optimal control problems that have a singular arc occurring after an initial nonsingular arc. This method iterates on the subset of initial costate variables that enforce the junction conditions for switching to a singular arc, and the time of switching off of the singular arc to a final nonsingular arc, to reduce a terminal error function of the final conditions to zero. This results in the solution to the two-point boundary-value problem obtained using the minimum principle and some necessary conditions for singular arcs. The main advantage of this method is that the exact solution to the two-point boundary-value problem is obtained. The main disadvantage is that the sequence of controls for the problem must be known to apply this method. Two illustrative examples are presented.
Legal Interpretation by Computer: A Survey of Interpretative Rules

The common law admits a number of methods of legal interpretation. Legal methods of interpretation are essentially computable functions capable of being expressed through mathematical algorithms. However the common law generally does not explicitly denominate the relative hierarchical positions of different methods of interpretation. This article limits itself to sketching the various methods of legal interpretation of the common law and representing them computationally in a computer program to prove the first proposition: legal interpretative rules can be coherently expressed as mathematical algorithms. However it leaves open the second question, whether and to what extent these various methods are in fact not explicitly hierarchically denominated, as a field for future research. This paper is a first step towards a legal realist critique of the common law which. Unlike the first wave of realists it focuses not on the manipulability of specific formalist methods as such but rather on the ability of the judge to capriciously choose which method he applies.
Abnormal Carbohydrate and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Uremia

There is a good deal of evidence which indicates that abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism occur frequently in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Given the increased incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) in patients with diabetes and/or hyperlipoproteinemia, it seems reasonable to wonder if the accelerated atherogenesis described in patients with CRF is related to the coexistence of abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in these patients. In this chapter I will attempt to approach this question by defining the effects of the uremic syndrome on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and then suggesting possible mechanisms by which these changes could lead to atherosclerosis.
Community Food Production as Food Security: Resource and Economic Valuation in Madison, Wisconsin (USA)

Community food production (CFP) is emerging worldwide as a key component of programming designed to address community food insecurity. CFP resources in the form of home gardens, community gardens, and school gardens continue to gain wide support and attention. However, the market value of gardening and garden-based programs as well as how this market value correlates to food-insecure communities are not yet well understood. This research explores, defines, and maps this value in the Madison, Wisconsin, Urban Area (USA). The extent of CFP, including both the total number of gardens and their overall area within the study, was measured and mapped through the use of a random sidewalk and roadside survey of 2,454 addresses and existing lists of area community and school gardens. The productive output of these gardens in terms of weight, gross and net market value, and caloric value was determined through test plots (n=36) tended by citizen scientists and used to estimate the absolute and relative contribution of CFP for the Madison Urban Area in terms of market value and caloric value. The work concludes with a discussion of the current and future role of CFP as a component of community food security efforts and the need to carefully assess intended objectives and attributed values.
Fibrillar structure of methylcellulose hydrogels.

It is well established that aqueous solutions of methylcellulose (MC) can form hydrogels on heating, with the rheological gel point closely correlated to the appearance of optical turbidity. However, the detailed gelation mechanism and the resulting gel structure remain poorly understood. Herein the fibrillar structure of aqueous MC gels was precisely quantified with a powerful combination of (real space) cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and (reciprocal space) small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. The cryo-TEM images reveal that MC chains with a molecular weight of 300 000 g/mol associate into fibrils upon heating, with a remarkably uniform diameter of 15 ± 2 nm over a range of concentrations. Vitrified gels also exhibit heterogeneity in the fibril density on the length scale of hundreds of nanometers, consistent with the observed optical turbidity of MC hydrogels. The SANS curves of gels exhibit no characteristic peaks or plateaus over a broad range of wavevector, q, from...
Luminescence Properties of Yb- and Nd- Implanted CdS

The photoluminescence (PL) and time resolved spectra of Nd- and Yb-implanted CdS samples are studied under pulsed and CW excitations using Ar+ ion laser for different excitation intensities and temperature (9 - 300 K). The samples were annealed under different conditions using the thermal-pulse method. For CdS:Nd, the PL spectra was recorded in the range 890–930 nm (transitions 4F3/2→4I9/2) and for CdS:Yb it was recorded in the range 985 - 1010 nm (transitions 2F5/2 → 2F7/2). The Rise time and decay time were studied for both CdS:Nd and CdS:Yb at different emission lines as a function of temperature and excitation power.
Effect of Diet on Feces Composition and the Implications on Environmental Quality

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects on fecal nitrogen (FN) and phosphorus (FP) levels by varying dietary nitrogen and phosphorus. Hens received diets containing either 15.5, 12.7, or 12.7% protein plus 150g of added methionine/ton. Their feces were analyzed for total nitrogen. On a dry basis, FN averaged 6.07, 5.47, or 5.12%, respectively for the 15.5, 12.8, or 12.8% protein plus 150g of added methionine/ton diets. Another group of hens received diets containing 3.0% calcium with either 0.45, 0.55, or 0.65% total phosphorus, and their feces were analyzed. On a dry weight basis, FP was 1.89, 2.19, and 2.78%, respectively. In a second series of diets, FP from a control diet (3.6% calcium and 0.45% phosphorus) was compared to the effects of diets with either 3.0 or 4.2% calcium and either 0.50, 1.00, or 1.50% phosphorus. FP for the control diet was 1.65, 1.86, 3.76, or 5.37% for the 3.0% calcium series and 2.09, 3.53, or 5.57% for the 4.2% calcium series with phosphorus of 0.50, 1.00, or 1.50%, respectively. These data indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the feces can be reduced and environmental quality protected by feeding regimes.
Subgrid Wave Modeling By Transfer-of-approximation

Galerkin approximate solutions of two similar partial differential equations with different coefficients have similar error asymptotics, provided that the two sets of trial functions are related in a certain way. This “transfer of approximation” concept was recently introduced by Berlyand and Owhadi for elliptic (Laplace-like) equations, and applies equally well to wave equations. We describe the construction and show both (i) its success at suppressing material parameter gridding error which severely degrades the accuracy of finite difference and standard finite element methods for highly heterogeneous media, and (ii) the high degree of computational complexity which is the cost of this increased accuracy. We also suggest a domain decomposition approach to increasing the method’s computational efficiency.
National Asthma Education Program Expert Panel Report: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma

1. Asthma, a chronic lung disease that affects 10 million Americans, is receiving increased attention as a public health problem due to increased occurrence and number of reported deaths. 2. This article presents an overview of the National Asthma Education Program Expert Panel guidelines, specifically addressing the definition and pathophysiology of asthma, effective management and control of asthma, and special considerations in asthma management. 3. Implications of the Expert Panel guidelines for occupational health nurses are addressed.
Supporting Active and Healthy Ageing by Exploiting a Telepresence Robot and Personalized Delivery of Information

Supporting active and healthy ageing represents an opportunity for improving the quality of life of older citizens while reducing the unsustainable pressure on health systems. The GiraffPlus project aims at improving health quality by offering personalized services for end users on top of a non-invasive state-of-the-art continuous data-gathering infrastructure. Specifically, the system collects elderly daily behaviour and physiological measures from distributed sensors in living environments. In addition, GiraffPlus organizes the gathered information so as to provide customizable visualization and monitoring services to the different users of the system. This paper describes the latest results achieved within the project specifically focusing on the interactive services toward the users.
A Diagram Depicting Forecast Skill and Predictability

In operational numerical weather prediction systems, both observations and numerical models contribute to the skill of the forecast. A simple diagram representing the relative contributions of observations and models to the current level of forecast skill and to the ultimate predictability of atmospheric phenomena is interpreted in this note. The forecast skill of 500 mb heights and an estimate of the ultimate predictability of this variable are used in a quantitative illustration of the diagram.
Partnering With Oxford University Press

This past spring, APTA's Board of Directors decided that APTA will enter into a partnership with Oxford University Press (OUP) to co-publish PTJ , starting in January 2017. As editor in chief of PTJ , I am very excited about the Board's decision to partner with OUP. I believe that Oxford University Press will be a great fit for PTJ . As the world's largest university press with the widest global presence, OUP publishes more than 6,000 titles a year worldwide, including journals, dictionaries, English-language teaching materials, scholarly monographs, printed music, higher education textbooks, children's books, and schoolbooks. Oxford University Press has more than 350 journal titles that receive an impact factor, with about 22% of its journals ranked in the top 10% of at least 1 subject category, reflecting OUP's position as a trusted gateway to high-quality scholarly research and resources. Oxford University Press will offer PTJ a publishing platform powered by Silverchair Information Systems. The new website will allow both seamless delivery of journal content and integration with other online resources for PTJ readers. Our aim is state-of-the-art dissemination and display of scholarly work, and the new website will be a key component in the next phase of PTJ 's development. Partnering with OUP also will expand …
Chronotherapeutics in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders: Implications for Novel Therapeutics

Chronotherapeutic interventions (CTs) produce rapid antidepressant effects and, when applied sequentially, maintain an enduring antidepressant response following the initial CT intervention or in association with traditional drug therapies. Rapid antidepressant effects associated with CTs (sleep deprivation (SD), partial sleep deprivation (PSD), sleep phase advance (SPA)) and with the novel therapeutic ketamine are present in both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The effects of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine and CTs on sleep slow waves (SWS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortical excitability, and neuronal plasticity are present in MDD. Whether slow wave effects are also present in drug-free BD or healthy controls requires further investigation. The existing literature suggests that there are important differences in MDD versus BD patients in the regulation of SWS that may underlie diagnostic differences in slow wave response to ketamine. These differences further suggest that mood stabilizers may affect the expression of slow waves and moderation of mood cycles in BD.
The Experimental Analysis of Human Behavior: History, Current Status, and Future Directions

These papers were presented at a symposium held at the 93rd annual convention of the American Psychological Association, August, 1985, Los Angeles, CA. The papers, in order, address the following topics: the history of operant research with human subjects with particular attention to the type and quantity of research conducted since the mid-1950s; interpretation versus experimentation in the experimental analysis of human behavior (EAHB) with particular emphasis on rule-governed behavior; the historical and current roles of children as subjects in operant research; the relation between basic laboratory research with humans and applied behavior analysis; and the need for future research concentrating on complex human behavior. Each of these papers is discussed in the final section of the proceedings.
Chapter 14 – Post Infarction Regeneration of Ischemic Myocardium by Intramyocardial Injection of α-Gal Nanoparticles

This chapter describes the possible use of α-gal nanoparticles in a hypothetical therapy that harnesses the natural anti-Gal antibody for inducing regeneration of the myocardium postmyocardial infarction (MI). α-Gal nanoparticles are biodegradable submicroscopic liposomes that present multiple α-gal epitopes (10 15 epitopes/mg). These epitopes readily bind the natural anti-Gal antibody and activate the complement system, which generates complement cleavage peptides C5a and C3a that are very effective chemotactic factors for recruitment of macrophages. Recruited macrophages bind anti-Gal-coated α-gal nanoparticles via Fc/Fcγ receptors interaction and polarize into M2 anti-inflammatory, prohealing macrophages. Macrophages are pivotal cells in the regeneration of ischemic myocardium. They recruit stem cells, which are directed by the extracellular matrix (ECM) and microenvironment within the ischemic myocardium to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. α-Gal nanoparticles injected into the myocardium of anti-Gal producing α1,3galactosyltransferase knockout mice, and pigs were found to induce extensive migration of macrophages. Based on preliminary studies in these experimental models, it is suggested that intramyocardial injection of α-gal nanoparticles into post-MI myocardium by a catheter, shortly after the ischemia event, will induce rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages. These macrophages will secrete cytokines/growth factors that further induce vascularization of the ischemic myocardium, prevention of necrosis, and conservation of the microenvironment, including the myocardium ECM, and mediate recruitment of stem cells. The recruited stem cells will be “instructed” by the myocardial microenvironment and ECM to differentiate into cardiomyocytes that repopulate the ischemic myocardium and restore its structure and function. Because of the rapid recruitment and activation of macrophages by the injected α-gal nanoparticles, this regenerative process may occur prior to the default fibrosis of the myocardium and thus, prevent the irreversible development of a scar tissue. Suggested studies, which may prove this hypothesis, are discussed as well.
SpinoBot: An MRI-Guided Needle Positioning System for Spinal Cellular Therapeutics

The neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) results in the death of motor neurons in voluntary muscles. There are no cures for ALS and few available treatments. In studies with small animal models, injection of cellular therapeutics into the anterior horn of the spinal cord has been shown to inhibit the progression of ALS. It was hypothesized that spinal injection could be made faster and less invasive with the aid of a robot. The robotic system presented—SpinoBot—uses MRI guidance to position a needle for percutaneous injection into the spinal cord. With four degrees of freedom (DOF) provided by two translation stages and two rotational axes, SpinoBot proved capable of advanced targeting with a mean error of 1.12 mm and standard deviation of 0.97 mm in bench tests, and a mean error of 2.2 mm and standard deviation of 0.85 mm in swine cadaver tests. SpinoBot has shown less than 3% signal-to-noise ratio reduction in 3T MR imaging quality, demonstrating its compliance to the MRI environment. With the aid of SpinoBot, the length of the percutaneous injection procedure is reduced to less than 60 min with 10 min for each additional insertion. Although SpinoBot is designed for ALS treatment, it could potentially be used for other procedures that require precise access to the spine.
After Silence, That Which Comes Nearest

Poets and philosophers have often wonderingly noted music’s miraculous and paradoxical ability to express the ineffable. However, the mechanics of historical musical expression, relevant though they are, are not addressed. By the mid-nineteenth century, the expressive vocabulary of western instrumental music—closest to the inexpressible itself, since it did not rely on words—was highly developed and well understood, encompassing conventions of genre, key, texture, and individual musical figures. For example, a particular horn gesture would reference not only horns themselves but the hunt and all the outdoor vigor associated with it, and a barcarolle evoked not just the Venetian gondolier’s serenade but also the intimacy of the couple in the boat, the sweet lapping of the wavelets, and the blissful contentment of a carefree afternoon on the canals. Emotions were thus accessed by reference to the more quotidian aspects of life with which they were associated. Today, though, much of this language has been forgotten. Ultimately, what to many of us sings of the Infinite might in its own time have evoked something far more explicit or even everyday, and (as Mendelssohn believed) it was music’s specificity that made meanings impossible to discuss, not the opposite. Thus, musical expressions of the ineffable and thoroughgoingly effable are far closer than we might suspect, with perhaps the key difference lying in the musical and cultural experience of the listener, not in the music itself.
Peer pressure enables actuation of mobility lifestyles

Abstract This paper explores the utility of peer pressure as an actionable mechanism to induce socially responsible and environmentally-conscious mobility habits. We adopt a two-stage game theoretic model of peer pressure to investigate feedback between social, geographic, and temporal dimensions of agent choices in a hyper-realistic micro-simulation of travel. The results show that peer pressure helps in achieving desirable equilibrium properties while reducing congestion and emissions due to sustained mode shift. With a way to initiate the required social norming and a proper concern for privacy and ethics, these cost-effective mechanisms may soon begin to find use in improving community welfare.
A retrospective investigation of the relationship between baseline covariates and rate of ALSFRS-R decline in ALS clinical trials.

AbstractThe revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) is a longitudinal measure of global function commonly used to assess progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and as an endpoint in ALS clinical trials. Understanding how baseline covariates affect the rate of functional decline in ALS offers valuable information to clinical trialists. We used a mixed modeling approach in a retrospective study of the pooled resource open-Access ALS clinical trials database to elucidate the associations between baseline covariates and the rate of ALSFRS-R decline over time. In a cohort of 3203 patients followed for an average of 337 days, older age at disease onset (p < 0.001), less time since disease onset (p < 0.001), and bulbar site of onset (p < 0.001) were associated with a significantly faster decline of the ALSFRS-R, while sex did not have a statistically significant effect (p = 0.82). Selective inclusion of ‘age at disease onset’ and ‘time since disease onset’ as covariates provided the best trad...
Cartographic intelligence: the atlas as access

The ‘secret world of Russia’s Cold War mapmakers’, long an arcane topic of interest to a select few, first reached popular readership via a 2015 Wired article.1 Journalist Greg Miller interviewed g...
Vibrational control of nonlinear parabolic systems

Abstract Vibrational control is a non-classical control principle which proposes utilization of zero mean parametric excitation of a dynamical system to achieve control objectives. The present paper is devoted to the development of vibrational control theory of nonlinear infinite dimensional systems described by parabolic partial differential equations (PDE’s). Conditions of vibrational stabilizabi1ity of nonlinear parabolic PDE’s by linear multiplicative vibrations are given. An example of vibrational stabilization of unstable PDE’s is presented.
Reduced Models for Rotating and Stratified Flows

It has been shown numerically that near-resonant three-wave interactions are responsible for the self-generation of large-scale coherent structures from small-scale, random forcing in some dispersive-wave systems describing geophysical flows. However, a reduced model of near-resonant triad interactions is not a partial differential equation (PDE) and is thus computationally inefficient. A new approach is introduced to derive PDE reduced models by extracting different classes of wave-mode and vortical-mode interactions, which may contain a subset of near-resonances. The Rotating Shallow Water (RSW) equations are studied as proof of concept.
Planar Microwave High Tc Superconducting Circuit Testing and Ring Resonator Design

This research effort in superconductivity was to establish a procedure for evaluating the future impact of superconducting films on microwave circuits. This work was initiated using computer aided evaluations and low temperature measurements. Two cryogenic chambers were assembled: one vacuum using coaxial connectors, and the second an open chamber with waveguide transitions. Both chambers are cooled by immersion in liquid nitrogen. Similar to work done by others, the initial microwave circuits evaluated were microstrip resonators and filters. Computer aided designs and evaluations were performed to determine improved device performance. Also, initial work on inverted microstrip superconducting circuits is presented. It is expected that the lower dielectric losses of inverted microstrip will benefit superconducting circuits, where conductor losses have been reduced, and the lower dielectric constant of inverted microstrip will be important for millimeter wave frequencies.
Farm Direct at five years: An early assessment of Oregon's farm-focused cottage food law

In 2011, the Oregon legislature passed the Farm Direct Marketing Law (FDML), which took effect in 2012. The law clarified licensing and food safety requirements for direct-to-consumer sales at farmers markets, farm stands, and similar venues. It also included a “cottage food” provision allowing farms to make and sell certain low-risk, value-added products from farm-grown ingredients, direct to consumer, without a food processor’s license. Advocates predicted enhanced small farm viability through new products and revenue streams, market season extension, reduced processing costs, test marketing opportunities, and other avenues. Detractors warned the deregulation would cause outbreaks of foodborne illness. In 2016, the law’s fifth year, we explored these predictions and early outcomes. We conducted a focus group with stakeholders and semistructured interviews with two key informants, 18 farmers, and 24 farmers market managers around Oregon. We found farmers mak­ing and selling a variety of value-added products under the FDML. We found no foodborne illness linked to FDML products. Interviewees described multiple benefits resulting from the law, many corresponding to predicted benefits. They also described unanticipated benefits at the community level. Interviewees identified barriers and recom­mended changes related to the law and related education. We discuss the feasibility of these recommendations as well as the long-term poten­tial of the cottage food provision. We end by reflecting on the FDML as a whole, as it supports Oregon’s direct market farming sector. See the press release for this article.
Gender, Race, and Mentorship: A Perspective from California Archaeology

This article explores the role of mentorship in structuring students’ decisions to pursue career paths in archaeology, both within and outside academia. Based on recent survey data administered to ...
The Other Adam Smith

A supposed inconsistency in Adam Smith’s thought has been noted in academic discourse for a long time. The Smith of The Wealth of Nations (1776) defends a view of society where legitimate self-inte...
The Dangers of Trump’s Unilateralist International Economic Policies

Donald Trump’s international economic policies aim to preserve America’s primacy in the face of China’s surging economic development. Trump’s policies are based on a zero-sum vision in which China’s economic gains are America’s losses. The resulting U.S. policies—in the areas of international trade, corporate taxation, technology competition, sanctions, and energy supplies—threaten to undermine the global economy with no realistic prospect of preserving America’s economic and technological dominance.
Dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy for substance use disorders co-occurring with personality disorders

Abstract This chapter presents a contemporary psychodynamic understanding of addictive behaviors among individuals with cooccurring personality disorders. Biomedical and behavioral theories inadequately explain the profound personal and interpersonal aspects of addiction. The chapter attempts to fill this epistemological gap, incorporating the neuroscience of emotion processing, unconscious motivations for substance use, and the intersubjective relational dynamics of the denial system and of shame. Common countertransference reactions and therapeutic pitfalls are highlighted, while treatment implications are emphasized and case vignettes are provided throughout for illustration. The chapter concludes with a summary of a comprehensive and empirically supported treatment model called dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy, which creates a safe space to build emotion awareness, complex and integrated attributions of self and other, and individuated relatedness, with the goal of a lasting recovery.
(Re)constructing Professional Journalistic Practice in Mexico: Verificado’s Marketing of Legitimacy, Collaboration, and Pop Culture in Fact-Checking the 2018 Elections

Although fact-checking websites for political news such as FactCheck.org, Politifact, and ProPublica are common in the United States, they are new in Mexico. Using textual analysis, this study examines the strategies used by Verificado 2018, a crowdsourced political fact-checking initiative generated during the largest election in Mexican history by news organizations, universities, and tech companies. Verificado 2018 emphasized legitimacy, collaboration, and critical humor to promote and engage users in fact-checking and viralizing reliable information.
Genome association of carcass and palatability traits from Bos indicus-bos taurus crossbred steers within electrical stimulation status and correspondence with steer temperament 1. carcass.

Abstract Genome-wide association analyses were conducted using SNP and carcass traits, with and without electrical stimulation separately, of 350 Bos indicus-Bos taurus steers from a designed mapping population consisting of full-sibling families (embryo transfer) and half-sibling families. Four F1 Nellore–Angus sires had progeny in both types of families. Relationships of carcass traits with multiple assessments of temperament (correlation coefficients of unadjusted or residual values), including aggressiveness (willingness to hit an evaluator), nervousness, flightiness (nervousness with running or other movement), gregariousness (willingness to separate from other steers), and overall temperament (all temperament traits assigned as 1 to 9 values; higher numbers indicate worse or less desirable temperament) at 1 year of age and with overall temperament evaluated immediately prior to slaughter were low (0
A Review of the Emergence and Expansion of Cardiovascular Genetic Counseling

The genetic counseling profession is growing rapidly, as is its presence in cardiology. In this review, we will survey recent innovations and research in cardiovascular genetic counseling, as well as findings from the broader genetic counseling field that are relevant to cardiovascular genetic counseling. Research into the structure of services finds that genetic counselors are increasingly being embedded within cardiology departments and that cardiologists value their expertise and contributions. Findings from other genetic counseling subspecialties and from clinical psychology suggest this trend toward moving genetic counselors into the cardiology clinic will increase access, timeliness, and uptake of genetics services. Studies on the selection and interpretation of genetic tests in cardiology have shown that there is a need for specialized expertise in these areas. This has led clinical genetic counselors, in collaboration with their physician colleagues, to take a more active role in assessing whether genetic variants contribute to disease. Evidence on the psychological and behavioral impact of cardiovascular genetic counseling is beginning to emerge with several non-randomized and one randomized study showing benefit. As investigators, genetic counselors are leading studies that generate practice-shaping insights into inherited cardiovascular disease, including the genetic underpinnings of disease, natural history, prognosis, psychological impact, and genetic test interpretation. Genetic counseling is in its early days as an academic and scientific discipline, yet there are, nonetheless, several notable recent findings that are shaping the field.