cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kitchen Designers as Change Agents in Planning for Aging in Place

This study was designed to examine how kitchen designers are addressing the special needs of mature clients and to assess designers' perceptions relative to the demand for kitchen features that facilitate aging in place. A questionnaire was mailed to a nationwide random sample of 600 Certified Kitchen Designers (CKDs). Respondents' recommendations for appliances, kitchen configuration, work surfaces and storage, features that compensate for reduced dexterity and low vision, and flooring generally followed literature recommendations. Although a vast majority of the designers indicated that kitchens are very important in determining whether an older person can remain independent, they infrequently incorporated “special” products or design features for mature clients. Conclusions about CKDs' effectiveness as change agents centered on their knowledge of specialized kitchen design; awareness of products that meet special needs; designs for individual special needs; age or disability-specific marketing; and increased activity in promoting kitchen designs that enable older people to age in place.
Ixabepilone development across the breast cancer continuum: a paradigm shift

The epothilone analog ixabepilone exhibits reduced susceptibility to several important tumor survival mechanisms that limit the efficacy of taxanes and anthracyclines. As a single agent, ixabepilone has shown promise in metastatic breast cancer when anthracyclines, taxanes, or capecitabine have failed; and in early-stage breast cancer that is taxane-naive or has previously received taxanes in the adjuvant or metastatic setting. Compared with capecitabine alone, ixabepilone used in combination with capecitabine in patients previously treated with and resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes produced a 25% reduction in the risk of disease progression. Triple-negative tumors showed particular susceptibility to this doublet. Ixabepilone has also demonstrated efficacy as first-line therapy in combination with targeted agents such as bevacizumab and trastuzumab. Ongoing investigations should provide insight as to how this agent could be integrated into treatment of early-stage disease. In clinical studies, toxicities with ixabepilone were manageable and reversible through dose reduction or delay, even in patients with extensive or heavily-pretreated disease. Thus, ixabepilone represents a useful addition to the therapeutic options available for advanced breast cancer, and it may extend progression-free survival in patients with limited treatment options.
Lobing Behavior in Centerless Grinding—Part I: Stability Estimation

This two-part paper addresses the lobing behavior associated with centerless grinding. Part I establishes a system model (the lobing loop) for lobing analysis and develops methodologies for lobing stability analysis, and Part II investigates lobing characteristics and proposes remedies for lobing suppression. The lobing loop shows that lobing behavior is of kinematic nature, caused by the interaction between the geometric rounding mechanism and regenerative cutting mechanism. A bidiagram-matical method is subsequently developed for lobing stability estimation. It was found that lobing is inherently unstable, and the characteristic roots of the lobing loop are limited within their respective root neighborhoods in the u-plane. This leads to: (1) a method of lobing stability estimation using the growth rate boundaries, and (2) an efficient way of solving for the characteristic roots using a Taylor’s series approximation. The availability of growth rate boundaries and characteristic root distribution provides an effective tool for the control of lobing in centerless grinding.
Activation and inhibition of the action potential Na+ ionophore of cultured rat muscle cells by neurotoxins.

Abstract Both myoblasts and myotubes in cultures of clonal rat muscle cells have action potential Na + ionophore activity. The ionophore is activated by batrachotoxin (K 0.5 = 3 to 5 × 10 −7 M) and veratridine (K 0.5 = 4 to 6 × 10 −5 M) which compete for the same activation site. As in denervated rat muscle, the ionophore of cultured muscle is 100 fold more resistant to inhibition by tetrodotoxin (K 0.5 = 1.5 to 3 × 10 −6 M) and 20 fold more resistant to inhibition by saxitoxin (K 0.5 = 1.5 to 3 × 10 −7 M) than in nerve, innervated muscle, or cultured neuroblastoma cells.
Analyzing the new Kennedy tape

Abstract A newly released tape of a 18 September 1963 conversation between President Kennedy and NASA Administrator James Webb has been interpreted by some as showing that the president was looking for a way out of his Apollo commitment. This commentary analyses the meeting – in which Webb did most of the talking – and concludes instead that Kennedy was concerned about how to keep the program going in the face of growing criticism of its cost and goals. In particular there was discussion of how to ensure that his support for Apollo did not harm his chances of re-election. To Kennedy, giving Apollo a military rationale seemed the best way to ensure its support.
Electrical Properties of Mineral Surfaces for Increasing Water Sorption

Thin films of nanostructures alter the electrical properties of mineral surfaces and thereby affect reactions with charged species such as metal ions and biological cells. In this study, electric-force microscopy is used to probe the electrical properties of a heterogeneous layout of manganese oxide nanostructures grown as a film on a MnCO3 substrate. The role of water sorption is examined by carrying out experiments for increasing relative humidity (RH). Electric-force images collected with a negative dc tip bias show that the apparent heights of the nanostructures decrease from +3.4 nm at 16% RH to +0.7 nm at 33% RH to −5.6 nm at 74% RH, although the topographic height is 2.3 nm regardless of RH. The apparent heights for a positive dc bias also decrease with increasing RH from −3.5 nm at 16% RH to −8.9 nm at 74%. The explanation for these trends is that the dominant electric-force transitions with increasing RH from an electrostatic force attributable to surface potential to a polarization force arising...
CARDIODYNAMICS OF COMPLETE HEART BLOCK.

Abstract The effects of acute and chronic complete heart block on the mechanical function of the heart were studied. Surgically produced heart block resulted in profound bradycardia. There was an immediate decrease in minute cardiac output, increase in stroke volume, decrease in aortic (and pulmonary artery) diastolic pressure, but no change in aortic systolic pressure. Enddiastolic volume increased due to increased filling time. The heart adjusted to the increased diastolic load acutely by dilatation and chronically by hypertrophy. When the heart block was present for over four months heart failure ensued. Each atrial contraction was associated with a forward and backward movement of blood (atrium to ventricle and back to atrium) and closing and opening of the A-V valve. There was no over-all contribution to ventricular volume as the result of each atrial contraction. The atrial contraction immediately preceding ventricular contraction did contribute to the magnitude of the ventricular response by increasing initial ventricular tension and fiber length. This contribution was greatest with an optimal P-Q interval found to be 0.085 to 0.125 sec.
The gastrointestinal syndrome of reducible hernia.

1. Reducible hernia may give rise to a gastrointestinal syndrome. 2. The digestive syndrome may simulate peptic ulcer, the gastric irritation syndrome, the irritable colon syndrome or variants of these. 3. The patient frequently considers the digestive symptoms his primary problem. 4. The gastrointestinal syndrome is reflex in origin and functional in character. 5. The referred symptoms are mediated through the sympathetic nerves. Irritation of the contents of the hernial sac initiates an irritation of the bowel, which can refer its symptoms to remote parts of the abdomen. 6. Treatment of the referred gastrointestinal syndrome consists in correcting the hernia surgically ; following which the digestive symptoms usually subside spontaneously. 7. Patients may have coexisting hernia and primary digestive problems. When the digestive problems are present, they require appropriate treatment. 8. The abdomen has been called the spokesman of the body. It tells of trouble, but it does not locate it. The task of locating the source of the symptoms is the responsibility of the physician.
Quantitative Estimates of Cloudiness over the Gulf Stream Locale Using GOES VAS Observations

Abstract Fields of cloudiness derived from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite VISSR (VisibleInfrared Spin Scan Radiometer) Atmospheric Sounder are analyzed over the Gulf Stream locale (GSL) to investigate seasonal and geographical variations. The GSL in this study is defined as the region bounded from 31° to 38°N and 82° to 66°W. This region covers an area that includes the United States mid-Atlantic coast states, the Gulf Stream, and portions of the Sargasso Sea. Clouds over the GSL are found approximately three-quarters of the time between 1985 and 1993. However, large seasonal variations in the frequency of cloudiness exist. These seasonal variations show a distinct relationship to gradients in sea surface temperature (SST). For example, during winter when large SST gradients are present, large gradients in cloudiness are found. Clouds are observed least often during summer over the ocean portion of the GSL. This minimum coincides with an increase in atmospheric stability due to lar...
Regulation of striatal dopamine neurotransmission by nitric oxide: effector pathways and signaling mechanisms.

An important role for the reactive gas nitric oxide (NO) in regulating striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission was identified shortly after initial observations indicated that this unorthodox neurotransmitter mediates many of the influences of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus. While the precise actions of NO on striatal presynaptic and postsynaptic elements remain to be fully characterized, the recent application of sophisticated anatomical, neurochemical, and electrophysiological approaches to the study of nitrergic signaling has revealed that NO exerts a powerful influence both on tonic extracellular dopamine (DA) levels and phasic DA neuron spike activity via the modulation of intrinsic striatal mechanisms and striatonigral feedback loops. Although the nature of the NO-mediated modulatory influence on DA neurotransmission was initially clouded by seemingly conflicting neurochemical observations, a growing body of literature and understanding of the diverse signaling mechanisms and effector pathways utilized by NO indicates that NO exerts a primary facilitatory influence over tonic and phasic dopaminergic neurotransmission under physiological conditions. A review of neurochemical and electrophysiological studies examining the influence of endogenous and exogenous NO on DA neurotransmission indicates that NO signaling exerts multiple effects on local striatal circuits and projection neurons involved in regulating basal ganglia output and nigrostriatal DA neuron activity. In addition to summarizing these influences, the current review focuses on the mechanisms utilized by striatal NO signaling pathways involved in modulating DA transmission at the level of the terminal and cell body and attempts to integrate these observations into a functional model of NO-dependent regulation of basal ganglia systems.
Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Insufficiency A Clinical and Hemodynamic Study of 18 Proved Cases

Eighteen patients with the combination of ventricular septal defect and aortic insufficiency were studied. Nine also had infundibular pulmonary stenosis. Seventeen were treated by open-heart operations. The physical findings were those of a typical ventricular defect murmur and thrill together with an aortic insufficiency blow and a wide pulse pressure. A systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border with thrill is strongly suggestive of the additional lesion of infundibular pulmonary stenosis, but the presence or absence of infundibular pulmonary stenosis was indicated most accurately at cardiac catheterization and on inspection at operation. It was not of sufficient severity for signs of additional right ventricular hypertrophy to appear on the electrocardiogram. Retrograde aortography serves to demonstrate the severity of the aortic regurgitation. The problem of the surgical correction of these lesions will be the subject of a separate communication.
Frequency-specific flow control in microfluidic circuits with passive elastomeric features

Frequency-specific components that passively control the flow in a channel in an analogous manner to that of the resistors, capacitors and diodes of an electronic circuit could eliminate the need to exert active control in microfluidic circuits with bulky external pumps. A fundamental challenge in the design of microfluidic devices lies in the need to control the transport of fluid according to complex patterns in space and time, and with sufficient accuracy. Although strategies based on externally actuated valves have enabled marked breakthroughs in chip-based analysis1,2,3,4,5, this requires significant off-chip hardware, such as vacuum pumps and switching solenoids, which strongly tethers such devices to laboratory environments6,7,8,9,10. Severing the microfluidic chip from this off-chip hardware would enable a new generation of devices that place the power of microfluidics in a broader range of disciplines. For example, complete on-chip flow control would empower highly portable microfluidic tools for diagnostics, forensics, environmental analysis and food safety, and be particularly useful in field settings where infrastructure is limited. Here, we demonstrate an elegantly simple strategy for flow control: fluidic networks with embedded deformable features are shown to transport fluid selectively in response to the frequency of a time-modulated pressure source. Distinct fluidic flow patterns are activated through the dynamic control of a single pressure input, akin to the analog responses of passive electrical circuits composed of resistors, capacitors and diodes.
Human Figure Drawing Indices of Sexual Maladjustment in Male Felons

Summary Two figure drawing characteristics (the presence of nudity and drawing the opposite-sex figure first) purported to reflect sexual maladjustment were shown to be positively related to each other in a population of 1,000 male felons. Adult felons drew the male figure first significantly less frequently than did normal adults, adolescent delinquents and most other populations studied, and thus apparently have greater problems in establishing a masculine sexual identification. The presence of nudity in figure drawings is less common in the adult felon group than in the adolescent delinquent group. There was no relationship between the variables of type of criminal offense, ethnic group, age, intelligence, MMPI Mf score and sex of the first-drawn figure.
What is wrong with a square metal cluster

Square planar transition metal cluster compounds are uncommon, there is only one good example, [Os4(CO)16], and it is an unstable molecule, with longer than expected metal–metal bonds. Force field calculations of ligand packing show that the molecule has no particular steric problem. A qualitative molecular orbital analysis shows an orbital symmetry problem that allows the formation of no more than two in-plane metal–metal bonds. This symmetry restriction is due to the nodal patterns of the occupied d orbitals and should apply to other square transition metal clusters as well.
Implications of Atkins v. Virginia: Issues in Defining and Diagnosing Mental Retardation

ABSTRACT The 2002 Supreme Court decision in Atkins v. Virginia prohibited the execution of defendants with mental retardation and required that professional standards be applied in the diagnosis of mental retardation in capital cases. Mental retardation diagnostic issues in Atkins cases can include: difficulties of retrospective data gathering, disagreement over the appropriate times of life at which mental retardation must be documented, difficulties in assessing adaptive behavior in the restricted environment of the prison, and the possibility of malingering. This article reviews the implications of Atkins for assessment and diagnosis of mental retardation and makes suggestions for forensic psychology practice.
Remarks on the eigenvalues of the Manakov system

We consider the Manakov system with L^1 potentials q"1 and q"2 and study conditions under which the set of eigenvalues exhibits certain symmetry properties. In particular we obtain criteria which guarantee that the eigenvalues are located symmetrically with respect to the imaginary axis. We also obtain a best possible bound in terms of an integral involving the two potentials which ensures that no eigenvalues exist.
K-promoted Mo/Co- and Mo/Ni-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons with and without a Cu water gas shift catalyst

Abstract The catalyst systems Mo/Co/K/ZSM-5 and Mo/Ni/K/ZSM-5, alone and with the added copper-based water gas shift catalyst, were used for the conversion of two CO/H2 ratios in a batch reactor. GC analysis of the gas phase was used to determine CO conversion while GCMS and NMR studies were used to characterize the liquid products formed and liquid product selectivities. The liquids were hydrocarbons consisting mainly of alkyl substituted benzenes. Methyl substitution in the alkyl benzenes in the product liquid ranged from an average of 1.3 to 4.5 methyls per ring depending on reaction conditions and reactant gas mole ratios. The additional presence of the WGS catalyst significantly increased CO conversion in the reactions taking place at 280 °C from ∼25% to ∼90% while increasing selectivity toward higher average methyl substitution. Similar conversions and selectivities were observed with both a bio-syngas and a 50/50 mixture of H2 and CO.
PGE1-Heparin conjugate releasing polymers

Abstract Previous work in our laboratories has shown prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) releasing polymers reduce platelet adhesion and aggregation. Heparin released from polyurethane maintained bioactivity as measured by APTT, TT and Factor Xa assays. In in vivo animal studies using a dog model, heparin releasing polyurethane catheters showed small fibrin formation compared to the untreated polyurethane catheter. However, platelet adhesion and aggregation on both the heparin releasing system and untreated catheter were similar, which indicates significant thrombus was still present on the surfaces. A covalently bonded conjugate of commercial grade heparin and (PGE1) was synthesized for use as a controlled releasing system for blood contacting sur faces in order to improve the blood compatibility of polymer surfaces. The compound was synthesized using a modified mixed carbonic anhydride method of amide bond formation between the carboxylic acid moiety of PGE2 and a primary amine group on heparin. Quantitation of coupling was measured by spectroscopically monitoring the PGB1 conjugate. Bioactivity tests on the conjugates (APTT and platelet aggregation) confirmed that the antithrombic activity of heparin was maintained. However, PGE1 bioactivity, as measured by ADP induced platelet aggregation, had decreased, but was still active. Rabbit arteriovenous (A-V) shunt experiments revealed that heparin—PGE1 releasing polyurethane demonstrated the prevention of both fibrin formation and platelet interactions. This approach can be utilized for the design of nonthrombogenic medical devices in contact with blood.
An integrated assessment of continuously reinforced and jointed plane concrete pavements

Purpose – This paper aims to provide an integrated framework of life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for assessing alternative technologies, processes, and/or activities, with focus on concrete pavements.Design/methodology/approach – LCA and LCCA are used to evaluate environmental and economic impacts of substituting different percentages of fly ash and slag into continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) and jointed plane concrete pavement (JPCP). Impacts are determined over different life cycle phases.Findings – An LCA of the extraction phase indicated that JPCP pavement had 33‐62 percent less emissions than CRCP pavements, when only steel consumption was considered. When cement was considered, JPCP pavement had almost 40 percent greater emissions then CRCP for all mix types. An LCCA showed that over the entire life cycle phases studied, CRCP pavements had about 46 percent more costs than JPCP. However, when only maintenance costs were considered, CRCP pavement cost 80 p...
Switchable Solvents for in-Situ Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of β-Pinene

Conventional acid-catalyzed reactions use homogeneous catalysts that generate large amounts of waste due to neutralization processes. We can eliminate such waste with the use of switchable solvents such as butadiene sulfone and piperylene sulfone, which can act as reaction media and generate reversible, in-situ acid catalysts. These solvents enable separation through use of a thermal switch, which shifts the equilibrium from the nonvolatile, polar aprotic solvent to highly volatile products. This equilibrium generates sulfurous acid through the addition of water, enabling acid-catalyzed reactions and easy separation due to the unstable nature of the acid at reversal temperatures. In this work, we use these switchable solvents to complete the hydrolysis of β-pinene to α-terpineol. We show a kinetic study of the hydrolysis reaction, illustrating high activity and selectivity in the novel reaction media. Further, we illustrate recycle of the solvent and catalyst five times without loss in activity or need fo...
Eigenvalue characterization of the capacity of discrete memoryless channels with invertible channel matrices

We investigate the capacity of finite-input finite-output discrete memoryless channels (DMC) whose channel matrix is n × n square and furthermore is assumed to be nonsingular with n linearly independent real eigenvectors. For any given DMC with such a channel matrix, we characterize the mutual information in terms of its eigenvalues. Our main result, obtained by using the method of Lagrange multipliers, is to derive an analytic expression for the capacity, depending on the eigenvectors and the eigenvalues of the invertible channel matrix. In particular, by using the inverse eigenvalue problem, we characterize the capacity of (2, 2) channels, with invertible channel matrices, in terms of lower and upper bounds that exist in the literature. In addition, numerical examples are provided, and probability of error is discussed.
Primary invasive vaginal carcinoma

A review of primary vaginal carcinoma treated at the Medical University of South Carolina from January 1970 through December 1989 included 76 squamous carcinomas, 12 adenocarcinomas, and 3 undifferentiated carcinomas. Staging was done according to the system of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics as modified by Perez et al. Stages I, II, III, and IV included 25, 39, 15, and 12 patients, respectively. Corrected 5-year survival rates were 73% for stage I, 39% for stage II, 38% for stage III, and 25% for stage IV. Sixteen percent of patients had received prior pelvic radiation. Invasive cervical cancer preceded vaginal cancer in 21 % of patients. Detection of cancer was accomplished by routine cytologic testing in 17% of patients, palpation of an asymptomatic mass in 10% of patients, or palpation of a symptomatic mass in 72% of patients. Eighty-seven percent of patients were treated with radiation therapy. Survival curves of patients grouped by stage and other potential prognostic factors were compared. Lower stage ( p p p
A boundary discontinuous Fourier solution for clamped transversely isotropic (pyrolytic graphite) mindlin plates

Abstract An analytical solution to the long-standing boundary-value problem of a shear-flexible (moderately-thick) rigidly clamped transversely isotropic rectangular plate, subjected to transverse loading, is presented. A recently developed accurate yet computationally efficient boundary discontinuous Fourier series technique (BDFST) has been utilized to solve the three highly coupled second-order partial differential equations with constant coefficients that result from the Mindlin hypothesis. Numerical results presented (i) testify to the accuracy and computational efficiency of the above-mentioned solution methodology, (ii) help in understanding the nature of convergence of double Fourier series in the presence of edge discontinuities introduced by the fully clamped boundary conditions, (iii) ascertain the limit of applicability of the classical plate theory (CPT), and (iv) provide physical insight into such complex deformation behaviors as the effect of transverse shear deformability and thickness on the deformation of rigidly clamped moderately-thick plates of metallic (isotropic) and pyrolytic graphite (transversely isotropic) constructions.
Levels and localization of mechanosensitive channel proteins in Bacillus subtilis

Log phase Bacillus subtilis cells lacking the mscL gene encoding the mechanosensitive (MS) channel of large conductance are sensitive to an osmotic downshock ≥0.5 M. However, B. subtilismscL cells develop osmotic downshock resistance in late log and early stationary phase growth that is partially dependent on three likely MS channel proteins of small conductance (MscS), YfkC, YhdY, and YkuT. Bacillus subtilis MS proteins were fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) at their C termini; at least the MscL-, YfkC-, and YkuT-GFP fusions were functional and overexpression of YkuT-GFP, or YkuT alone abolished log phase mscL cells’ osmotic downshock sensitivity. Western blot analysis found high levels of MscL-GFP in early exponential phase cells with levels subsequently decreasing greatly. MscS-GFP proteins were present in exponential phase cells, but again disappeared almost completely in stationary phase cells and these proteins were not detected in spores. Western blot analyses further showed that MS-GFP proteins were associated with the plasma membrane, as expected. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the localization of MscL-GFP and YhdY-GFP to the plasma membrane, with non-uniform distribution of these proteins along this membrane consistent with but by no means proving that these proteins are present in a helical array.
Non-linearity of Hemodynamic Response in Motor Cortex Measured by Near Infrared Spectroscopy

Nonlinearity of hemodynamic response is used to decouple neuronal activity by modeling neural adaptation. This study is to investigate the nonlinearity in oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations obtained using near infrared spectroscopy by varying stimulus durations.
A dimensional transformation scheme for power grid cyber event detection

As the technologies used for the safe and efficient delivery of power become more sophisticated, the amount of system state parameters being recorded increases. This data not only provides an opportunity for monitoring and diagnostics of the power system but also creates an environment wherein security can be maintained. Being able to extract relevant information from this pool of data in a reasonable amount of time is one of the key challenges still yet to be obtained in the smart grid. New power grid security applications can be created that use the statistical patterns in the reported data as a metric for security. Anomalies detected by the developed security metrics can then be alerted upon as a possible cyber intrusion. This article is an examination into the utilization of principal component analysis along with a Naive-Bayes classifier for the identification of spoofed power system state parameters. Examination targets a 5 Bus power system with results indicating successful classification of simulated cyber attacks or true positive classification at a rate of 92%. These findings also indicate a dependency on which variables were compromised, providing an initial formalization into the stealthiness of state estimation attacks.
A HIERARCHIAL OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE FOR MAGROECONOMIC POLICY MODELS

An area of difficulty in the effective application of econometric models to determine optimal macroeconomic policy is the specification of the welfare functional. In such models it is required to synthesize a scalar-valued criterion which properly relates tho joint effects of various economic factors. This paper develops a systematic procedure for treating (his problem when the several variables of the criterion are set forth in preference by a lexicographic ordering. In capsule, the procedure gives sequential attention to the various factors, with the constraint set at a given optimization stage determined by the characteristics of the solution at all prior stages.
Reply to Armani et al. Can cortisol stimulate adipogenesis without the glucocorticoid receptor

The letter by Armani et al.1 brings up a number of interesting questions that underline the importance of selecting and defining experimental conditions and experimental models for studies of adipogenesis. The nuclear receptors may have to battle out who is the ‘leader’ in specific physiological and pathophysiological situations, but we think it is more likely that they play complementary roles in achieving optimal adipose tissue growth and remodeling, as well as metabolic and endocrine function.
An Approach for Selecting Times Series Forecasting Models

A method is developed for evaluating forecasting models with respect to both error and complexity in forecasting. Several types of forecasting accuracy measures (MSE, MPE, MAPE, Theil′s U‐Statistic and a loss cost function) are examined and the approach is illustrated using short‐term forecasting methods, and weekly and four‐weekly data. The approach can, however, be applied equally to immediate, medium‐ and long‐term forecasting.
The Association of Fibrinopeptide A with Cardiac Events Following Coronary Angioplasty

Rethrombosis may be a major determinant of poor outcome after angioplasty. Fibrinopeptide A, a marker of thrombin activity, was measured in 79 patients after coronary angioplasty to assess for association with subsequent cardiac events. Fibrinopeptide A levels were drawn postangioplasty on heparin and prior to discharge off heparin. Levels greater than 2.0 ng/mL were considered elevated. During 6-month follow-up, recurrence of stenosis occurred in 14 out of 51 patients (27%) with elevated levels, requiring repeat angioplasty or bypass surgery. One more patient showed angiographic evidence of recurrence (at least 30% increase in stenosis) not severe enough to require revascularization. Fibrinopeptide A was elevated in this patient. There were three late cardiac deaths and one acute myocardial infarction, all in patients with elevated fibrinopeptide A. An additional five patients had an abnormal stress test without subsequent cathe-terization to assess recurrences; four of them had elevated fibrinopeptide A. In total, there were 22 out of 51 patients (43%) with elevated fibrinopeptide A levels with adverse outcomes, as compared with 6 out of 28 (21%) with normal levels (P = 0.05). Thus, an elevated fibrinopeptide A early after angioplasty may be a marker for a group at greater risk for restenosis.
COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR SEPARATING OLIGOSACCHARIDES: ULTRAFILTRATION, GEL PERMEATION AND ADSORPTION CHROMATOGRAPHY

Methods for the separation of glucose oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 5-10 and l0-20 were studied. Gel filtration using Bio-Gel P-2 fractionated glucose oligomers from corn syrups with dextrose equivalents (DE) of 36, 43, and 62. Corn syrup DE 43 was fractionated with Diaflow ultrafiltration (UF) membranes PMl0, UMl0, and UM2. Adsorption chromatography of corn syrup DE 43 was conducted with a charcoal-celite column using a step-wise elution schedule of ethanol:water mixtures. Gel permeation chromatography provided elution profiles of the various corn syrups; however, the respective glucose oligomers were not clearly resolved. Corn syrup DE 43 had the most oligosaccharides with the least content of sugars of large or small molecular size. Ultrafiltration using the UM2 and UMl0 membranes retained from 55-70s of the oligosaccharides. Less than 7% of the oligomers were retained by the PM10 membrane. Adsorption chromatography was most efficient and effective in the separation of the discrete fractions with DP of 5-10 and 10-20.
Purification and immunochemical characterization of a human-specific urine and tissue esterase.

Abstract An esterase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) has been isolated from human urine, kidney and cell cultures by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel permeation chromatography, preparative column electrophoresis and ultra-filtration. It has been characterized by disc gel electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, and the Ouchterlony technique. Studies indicated immunological identity of esterases in urine, kidney and cell cultures using rabbit antiserum prepared against esterase from urine. The enzyme from human urine and cell cultures could hydrolyze substrates having up to a six carbon chain, while esterase from kidney hydrolyzed substrates with a four carbon chain only. Eserine, eserine sulfate, phenazine methosulfate and sodium amytal did not show any inhibitory effect on the hydrolyzing capacity of the urine, kidney and cell culture esterase. Further, urine and cell culture enzyme was found to be strongly inhibited by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride, while NaF and sodium azide showed partial inhibition of the substrate hydrolysis. Experimental slides from urine and cell cultures treated with melittin, EDTA, heparin and sodium deoxycholate, showed strong esterase activity, when later treated with substrates. Esterase from kidney, on the other hand, showed marked inhibition by EDTA and slight inhibition by heparin and sodium deoxycholate. NaF and sodium azide did not inhibit the hydrolyzing capacity of the kidney esterase. Carbohydrate analysis of eluted fractions showed that the cathodal subfraction of urinary enzyme contains about 1.5 to 2.0% of carbohydrate, which may be responsible for some of the heterogeneity of the enzyme and its action on substrates, as compared to kidney and cell culture esterase.
Comfort care for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit at end of life

Abstract When the death of a baby becomes inevitable, the greatest priority of care is to provide pain relief and comfort for the dying infant. Physical, environmental, and social needs are derived from assessment and knowledge of the infant's stage of development and the context of the individual infant's experiences within the neonatal intensive care unit. Assessment parameters for pain often rely on physiologic measures at end of life (EOL), whereas comfort is assessed through physiologic/autonomic, motor, and state behavioral cues exhibited by the infant. EOL care is best provided by using an integrated interdisciplinary, palliative approach in partnership with the infant's parents. Although opioids remain central to EOL care, nonpharmacologic measures for pain relief and comfort enhancement may provide additive or synergistic benefits. A case example applies the concepts of comfort care to an extremely preterm infant at EOL. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
The Failure of Lower Semicontinuity For The Linear Dilatation

Since the very beginning of the multidimensional theory of quasiregular mappings, it has been widely believed that the class of K-quasiregular mappings in Rn is closed with respect to uniform convergence, where K stands for the linear dilatation. In this note we give a striking example which refutes this belief. The key element of our construction is that the linear dilatation function fails to be rank-one convex indimensions higher than 2. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classication 30C60, 30Cxx.
Characteristics and carbon metabolism of mesophyll and paraveinal mesophyll protoplasts from leaves of non-nodulated Glycine max

Abstract The paraveinal mesophyll (PVM) is a spatially, morphologically and ultrastructurally specialized tissue in soybean leaves. It accounts for about 18% of the mesophyll volume as determined by stereological measurements and represents a significant cellular compartment, equal in size to that of the spongy mesophyll. Mesophyll cells (MC), their protoplasts (MP) and PVM protoplasts (PVMP) were isolated from leaves of non-nodulated plants and their physical characteristics and relative activity in some aspects of carbon metabolism were determined. PVMP were about twice the diameter and seven times the volume of MP: they had smaller and 2 3 fewer chloroplasts, and about one third the chlorophyll content of MP. Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity and 14CO2 fixation rates of PVMP were 40% and 30%, respectively, of the values measured in MP on a protoplast basis. PVMP showed net oxygen consumption (240 nmol O2 (106 protoplasts)−1 h−1) in the light with 10 mM bicarbonate, while MP showed the expected photosynthetic oxygen evolution (89 nmol O2 (106 protoplasts)−1 h−1) under similar conditions. The dark respiration rate of PVMP was about six times greater on a chlorophyll basis, three times greater on a protoplast basis and one point seven times greater on a cytoplasmic volume basis than the rate measured in MP. The data show that the PVM plays a minor role in carbon fixation in soybean leaves and supports the hypothesis that one of its primary roles is as a cellular pathway for metabolite transport within the leaf.
Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone

How is the slave trade remembered in West Africa? In a work that challenges recurring claims that Africans felt (and still feel) no sense of moral responsibility concerning the sale of slaves, Rosalind Shaw traces memories of the slave trade in Temne-speaking communities in Sierra Leone. While the slave-trading past is rarely remembered in explicit verbal accounts, it is often made vividly present in such forms as rogue spirits, ritual specialists' visions, and the imagery of divination techniques. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and archival research. Shaw argues that memories of the slave trade have shaped (and been reshaped by) experiences of colonialism, postcolonialism, and the country's ten-year rebel war. Thus money and commodities, for instance, are often linked to an invisible city of witches whose affluence was built on the theft of human lives. These ritual and visionary memories make hitherto invisible realities manifest, forming a prism through which past and present mutually configure each other.
Theory of a field-effect transistor based on a semiconductor nanocrystal array

We study the surface conductivity of a field-effect transistor (FET) made of a periodic array of spherical semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs). We show that electrons introduced to NCs by the gate voltage occupy one or two layers of the array. Computer simulations and analytical theory are used to study the array screening and corresponding evolution of electron concentrations of the first and second layers with growing gate voltage. When first-layer NCs have two electrons per NC the quantization energy gap between its $1s$ and $1p$ levels induces occupation of $1s$ levels of second-layer NCs. Only at a larger gate voltage electrons start leaving $1s$ levels of second-layer NCs and filling $1p$ levels of first-layer NCs. At substantially larger gate voltage, all electrons vacate the second layer and move to $1p$ levels of first-layer NCs. As a result of this nontrivial evolution of the two layers' concentrations, the surface conductivity of the FET nonmonotonically depends on the gate voltage. The same evolution of electron concentrations leads to nonmonotonic behavior of the differential capacitance.
The steroids/sports supplements connection: pragmatism and sensation-seeking in the attitudes and behavior of JHS and HS students on Long Island.

In this article we examine the importance of sensation seeking and pragmatism in the steroids and sports supplements behavior and attitudes of high school and junior high school students on Long Island, New York. Steroid use is much less acceptable than sports supplement use, although the reasons for use are similar. Respondents use supplements more than steroids, have a greater variety of attitudes toward their use, and have a high acceptance of their “energy” potential. There is a significant effect of current sports supplements use on future steroid use. Independent of measurement format (fixed choice questions and hypothetical situations), the steroids-sports supplement connection seems to exist within a pragmatic approach to cosmetic fitness, where the goal is improving physical ability and appearance.
A new image reconstruction method to improve noise properties in x-ray differential phase contrast computed tomography

The noise properties of differential phase contrast CT (DPC-CT) demonstrate some peculiar features. It has been both theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that the noise variance of DPC-CT scales with spatial resolution following an inverse first order relationship. This is in stark contrast to absorption CT, where the noise variance scales with spatial resolution following an inverse third power. In addition to the scaling relationship, the noise power spectrum (NPS) of DPC-CT is dominated by low spatial frequencies and demonstrates a singular behavior when approaching zero frequency. This focuses the peak noise power within low spatial frequencies while high-frequency noise is suppressed. This is again in contrast to the absorption CT case where the NPS smoothly transitions to zero at zero frequency. The singular behavior of the DPC-CT NPS visually affects image noise texture and may hinder observer perception. In this paper, a method is proposed to improve the noise properties in DPC-CT and potentially improve observer performance. Specifically, the low frequency component of the filtering kernel used in reconstruction has been regularized to modify the noise power at low spatial frequencies. This results in a high-pass filtering of the image. The high-pass filtered image is combined with the original image to generate the final image. As a result of these two operations, the noise power is shifted to the high spatial frequency direction, improving visual perception, while image reconstruction accuracy is maintained. Experimental phantom results are presented to validate the proposed method.
Serine 732 Phosphorylation of FAK by Cdk5 Is Important for Microtubule Organization, Nuclear Movement, and Neuronal Migration

The serine/threonine kinase Cdk5 plays an essential role in neuronal positioning during corticogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In nonneuronal cells, the tyrosine kinase FAK is a major regulator of cell motility through focal adhesions. It is unclear whether FAK plays a role in brain development. Here, we show that FAK phosphorylation by Cdk5 at S732 is important for microtubule organization, nuclear movement, and neuronal migration. In cultured neurons, S732-phosphorylated FAK is enriched along a centrosome-associated microtubule fork that abuts the nucleus. Overexpression of the nonphosphorylatable mutant FAK S732A results in disorganization of the microtubule fork and impairment of nuclear movement in vitro, and neuronal positioning defects in vivo. These observations are reminiscent of what is seen in the Cdk5-deficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that Cdk5 phosphorylation of FAK is critical for neuronal migration through regulation of a microtubule fork important for nuclear translocation.
Language Acquisition and Gender for Limited-LanguageProficient Mexican Americans in a Maintenance Bilingual Program

The major purpose of this dual-focused study was to determine the long-term effect of a maintenance bilingual education (MBE) program (K-2) on the acquisition of English (L2) and/or Spanish (L1)forfour groups of native Spanish-speaking boys and girls with varying degrees of Spanish oral proficiency who were all limited English proficient (LEP). The first part of the study examined the acquisition of English oral language proficiency forfluent Spanish-speaking boys (n = 65) and girls (n = 46), as well asfor limited-Spanish-proficient boys (n = 102) and girls (n = 85). The second part further examined the limited-Spanish-proficient subjects by gender for their acquisition of English and Spanish. These two groups were the most-limited language proficient (boys n = 45, girls n = 32) and the very-limited language proficient (boys n = 60, girls n = 53) students. The most significant overall findings emerging from this study related to the additive effects that the MBE program fostered for boys' and girls' oral ...
Excited-state proton transfer spectroscopy of 3-hydroxypicolinamide

Abstract A rapid intramolecular proton transfer is observed in the lowest excited singlet state of 3-hydroxypicolinamide. A temperature-independent tautomerization rate of > 2×10 12 s −1 is deduced from steady-state and picosecond fluorescence measurements at both room temperature and 77 K. The lack of any detectable temperature dependence is indicative of a negligible barrier to tautomerization.
Trust-Based Learning and Its Importance in Intercultural Education

In his article "Trust-Based Learning and Its Importance in Intercultural Education" Clemens Seyfried introduces the concept of "trust-based learning," an approach he developed for learning in an intercultural world and applied in primary and secondary education. The objective of the concept is the raising of opportunities students with (im)migrant background in education. Seyfried presents an overview of the educational situation of (im)migrants and ethnic minorities in the European Union with special focus on Austria, followed by a description of the said concept of trust-based learning including the results of a statistical survey conducted in Austria. The focus of the concept is the importance of trust, framed by the following question: is there a difference in the self concept of students regarding trust as a determining variable for learning by students with and without an (im)migrant background? The article closes with a proposal for a new approach in pedagogy in general and in intercultural education in particular. Clemens Seyfried, "Trust-Based Learning and Its Importance in Intercultural Education" page 2 of 6 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 16.3 (2014):
Personal genomic measurements: the opportunity for information integration.

High-throughput genomic measurements initially emerged for research purposes but are now entering the clinic. The challenge for clinicians is to integrate imperfect genomic measurements with other information sources so as to estimate as closely as possible the probabilities of clinical events (diagnoses, treatment responses, prognoses). Population-based data provide a priori probabilities that can be combined with individual measurements to compute a posteriori estimates using Bayes' rule. Thus, the integration of population science with individual genomic measurements will enable the practice of personalized medicine. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013); 93 1, 21–23. doi:10.1038/clpt.2012.203
High-field 13C dynamic nuclear polarization with a radical mixture.

We report direct 13C dynamic nuclear polarization at 5 T under magic-angle spinning (MAS) at 82 K using a mixture of monoradicals with narrow EPR linewidths. We show the importance of optimizing both EPR linewidth and electron relaxation times by studying direct DNP of 13C using SA-BDPA and trityl radical, and achieve 13C enhancements above 600. This new approach may be best suited for dissolution DNP and for studies of 1H depleted biological and other nonprotonated solids.