cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computational Methods and High Speed Imaging Methodologies for Transient-Shock Reliability of Electronics

Product level assessment of drop and shock reliability relies heavily on experimental test methods. Prediction of drop and shock survivability is largely beyond the state- of-art. However, the use of experimental approach to test out every possible design variation, and identify the one that gives the maximum design margin is often not feasible because of product development cycle time and cost constraints. In this paper, the modeling approaches and high-speed experimental techniques for first-level solder interconnects in shock and drop of electronics assemblies have been discussed. The shock and vibration reliability prediction of electronic interconnects involves multiple scales from macro-scale transient-dynamics of electronic assembly to micro-structural damage history of interconnects. Previous modeling approaches include, solid-to-solid sub-modeling using a half test PCB board, shell-to-solid sub-modeling technique using a quarter- symmetry model. Inclusion of model symmetry in state- of-art models saves computational time, but targets primarily symmetric mode shapes. Explicit modeling approaches has been presented, which enable prediction of both symmetric and anti-symmetric modes, which may dominate an actual drop-event. Approaches presented include, smeared property models, Timoshenko-beam element models, explicit sub-models, and continuum-shell models. A failure-envelope approach based on wavelet transforms and damage proxies has been discussed to model drop and shock survivability of electronic packaging. Data on damage progression under transient- shock and vibration in both 95.5 Sn 4.0 Ag 0.5 Cu and 63 Sn 37 Pb ball-grid arrays has been presented. The concept of relative damage index has been used to both evaluate and predict damage progression during transient shock. The failure-envelope provides a fundamental basis for development of component integration guidelines to ensure survivability in shock and vibration environments at a user-specified confidence level. Transient dynamic behavior of the board assemblies in free and JEDEC-drop has been measured using highspeed strain and displacement measurements. Correlation of model predictions with dynamic measurements has been presented for acceleration, strain and resistance using high-speed data acquisition systems capable of capturing in-situ strain, continuity and acceleration data in excess of 5 million samples per second. Ultra high-speed video at 150,000 fps per second has been used to capture the deformation kinematics. Life Prediction have been correlated with experimental data for both leaded and leadfree ball-grid arrays.
Performance Analysis of TCM Waveforms Transmitted over a Channel with Pulse-Noise Interference

Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) is a technique that introduces forward error correction coding without increasing the bandwidth of the channel signal. TCM combines binary convolutional codes with M-ary modulation in one operation. The waveform is assumed to be transmitted over a channel with both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and pulse-noise interference (PNI). In addition to a TCM waveform consisting of a rate r = 2/3 convolutional code with 8-phase-shift keying (8-PSK) modulation (analogous to the IEEE 802.11g TCM mode) and a TCM system consisting of two rate r = 1/2 convolutional codes encoding data that is modulated on the inphase and quadrature channels, respectively, with 4-pulse amplitude modulation (4-PAM) is examined. As compared to an r = 2/3, 8-PSK TCM system, the decoding complexity of the r = 1/2, 4-PAM TCM system is significantly less when the number of encoder memory elements is large. For both TCM systems, the effect of varying the number of encoder memory elements when PNI is present is examined. It is found that as the number of encoder memory elements increases the negative effect of PNI decreases. When the total number of memory elements in the r = 1/2, 4-PAM TCM system is twice that of the r = 2/3, 8-PSK TCM system (each r = 1/2 encoder has the same number of memory elements as the r = 2/3 encoder), the r = 1/2, 4-PAM TCM system has better immunity to PNI than the r = 2/3, 8-PSK TCM system.
Calcium Uptake and Associated Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity of Isolated Platelet Membranes

A platelet subcellular fraction, sedimenting between 14,000 and 40,000 g and consisting primarily of membrane vesicles, accumulates up to 200–400 nmoles calcium/mg protein in the presence of ATP and oxalate. Steady-state levels of calcium accumulation are attained in 40–60 min. Calcium uptake requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is enhanced by oxalate, and is accompanied by the release of inorganic phosphate. Calcium accumulation and phosphate release require magnesium and are inhibited by Salyrgan (10 µM) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (1 mM), but not by ouabain (0.1 mM). The ATPase activity is stimulated by low concentrations of calcium (5–10 µM) and is inhibited by 2 mM EGTA. Electron microscopic histochemistry using lead nitrate to precipitate released phosphate results in lead precipitates localized primarily at the inner surface of membrane vesicles. These results provide evidence for a membrane ATPase that is stimulated by low concentrations of calcium and may be involved in the transport of calcium across the membrane. It is postulated that the observed calcium uptake activity is an in vitro manifestation of a calcium extrusion pump in the intact platelet.
Role of PDZK1 protein in apical membrane expression of renal sodium-coupled phosphate transporters

The sodium-dependent phosphate (Na/Pi) transporters NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c play a major role in the renal reabsorption of Pi. The functional need for several transporters accomplishing the same role is still not clear. However, the fact that these transporters show differential regulation under dietary and hormonal stimuli suggests different roles in Pi reabsorption. The pathways controlling this differential regulation are still unknown, but one of the candidates involved is the NHERF family of scaffolding PDZ proteins. We propose that differences in the molecular interaction with PDZ proteins are related with the differential adaptation of Na/Pi transporters. Pdzk1−/− mice adapted to chronic low Pi diets showed an increased expression of NaPi-2a protein in the apical membrane of proximal tubules but impaired up-regulation of NaPi-2c. These results suggest an important role for PDZK1 in the stabilization of NaPi-2c in the apical membrane. We studied the specific protein-protein interactions of Na/Pi transporters with NHERF-1 and PDZK1 by FRET. FRET measurements showed a much stronger interaction of NHERF-1 with NaPi-2a than with NaPi-2c. However, both Na/Pi transporters showed similar FRET efficiencies with PDZK1. Interestingly, in cells adapted to low Pi concentrations, there were increases in NaPi-2c/PDZK1 and NaPi-2a/NHERF-1 interactions. The differential affinity of the Na/Pi transporters for NHERF-1 and PDZK1 proteins could partially explain their differential regulation and/or stability in the apical membrane. In this regard, direct interaction between NaPi-2c and PDZK1 seems to play an important role in the physiological regulation of NaPi-2c.
Rapid and Robust Transfer Alignment

The design of a rapid and robust transfer alignment system for advanced kinetic energy missiles (ADKEMs) is presented in this paper. Owing to the high acceleration level and reduced engagement time of the ADKEM, the transfer alignment which aligns the salve (missile) inertial measurement unit (IMU) with the master (ground launch vehicle) IMU must be accomplished in a short time with high accuracy. The scope of transfer alignment system design presented in this paper encompasses the assessment of inertial guidance accuracy, transfer alignment formulation, maneuver scenario design, and sensitivity analysis.
An accurate closed-form approximate representation for the Hankel function of the second kind

A second-order asymptotic evaluation of the Hankel function is presented and its numerical evaluation for the case of large orders and large arguments is compared with the numerical results obtained using forward recursion. It is shown that the second-order results are very accurate as long as the argument is a few percent larger than the order of the function.
Space coherent optical communication systems--An introduction

Critical technology and system issues for space optical heteroydyne communication systems using GaAlAs lasers are discussed. Heterodyne systems offers 10-20 dB better receiver sensitivities and thus smaller telescope sizes for the same laser power than direct detection systems. Based on present state-of-the-art technologies, it is concluded that an efficient optical intersatellite link can be realized with a few years of development.
Refereeing conflicts in hardware transactional memory

In the search for high performance, most transactional memory (TM) systems execute atomic blocks concurrently and must thus be prepared for data conflicts. The TM system also needs to choose a policy to decide when and how to manage the resulting contention. In this paper, we analyze the interplay between conflict resolution time and contention management policy in the context of hardware-supported TM systems, highlighting both the implementation tradeoffs and the performance implications of the various points in the design space. We show that both policy decisions have a significant impact on the ability to exploit available parallelism and thereby affect overall performance. Our analysis corroborates previous research findings that stalling (especially prior to retrying an access rather than the entire transaction) helps side-step conflicts and avoid wasted work. We also demonstrate that conflict resolution time has the dominant effect on performance: lazy (which delays resolution to commit time) uncovers more parallelism than eager (which resolves conflicts at access time). Furthermore, Lazy's delayed conflict management decreases the likelihood of livelock while Eager needs sophisticated priority mechanisms. Finally, we evaluate a mixed conflict detection mode that detects write-write conflicts eagerly while detecting read-write conflicts lazily, and show that it provides a good compromise between flexibility and implementation complexity.
Fighting for Dear Life: Christians and Aggressive End-of-Life Care

Patients or their family members sometimes give religious reasons for requesting life-sustaining technologies that have little hope of restoring health. This poses an ethical challenge for clinicians and a potential strain on limited health-care resources. Among Christians, one explanation for a preference for aggressive, life-prolonging care is the influence of the idea of martyrdom, which became the normative form of dying in early Christianity. The ancient discourse of martyrdom and the modern discourse of aggressive medical care both share a martial orientation and commend an ethos of combat. This paper examines ancient Christian martyrdom discourse to illuminate its affinity with the discourse of aggressive medical care. The ethos of martyrdom has shaped Christian attitudes toward death such that preference for aggressive medical care at the end of life is understandable.
Climate governed by a child

El Nino: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation. Edited By Henry F. Diaz and Vera Mark-graf. Cambridge University Press: 1993. Pp. 476. £40, $59.95.
Modeling of physical properties of composite materials

Recent progress in three different areas involving the modeling of the physical properties of composites is reviewed. These include: (i) theoretical approaches to microstructure/property relations; (ii) X-ray microtomography, an imaging technique that enables one to obtain high-resolution three-dimensional microstructural phase information of a composite sample in a non-intrusive manner; and (ii) topology optimization, a promising numerical technique that enables one to design composites with tailored material properties. Current limitations and future research needs are described.
Granulosa cell tumor and mucinous cystadenoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: a unique case report and review of literature

Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary, though it contains derivatives of all three embryonic germ cell layers, rarely presents together with ovarian epithelial or sex cord-stromal tumors. Only a few cases of ovarian cystic teratoma in association with granulosa cell tumor have been reported in the literature, and simultaneous occurrence of mucinous cystadenoma and granulosa cell tumor is even rarer. To our knowledge, there has never been a report of mature cystic teratoma of ovary coexisting with granulosa cell tumor and mucinous cystadenoma. We report a case of mature cystic teratoma, mucinous cystadenoma, and granulosa cell tumor in the ovary of a 40-year-old woman. The involved ovary, massively enlarged by a multiloculated cyst, showed a hair-sprouting mass with a yellow-tan nodule embedded in the cyst wall. Microscopically, three tumor types were revealed: mature cystic teratoma, mucinous cystadenoma, and granulosa cell tumor.
An Engineering Approach to Software Test Data Design

A systematic approach to test data design is presented based on both practical translation of theory and organization of professional lore. The approach is organized around five domains and achieving coverage (exercise) of them by the test data. The domains are processing functions, input, output, interaction among functions, and the code itself. Checklists are used to generate data for processing functions. Separate checklists have been constructed for eight common business data processing functions such as editing, updating, sorting, and reporting. Checklists or specific concrete directions also exist for input, output, interaction, and code coverage. Two global heuristics concerning all test data are also used. A limited discussion on documenting test input data, expected results, and actual results is included.
Salmonella dublin Infections in the United States, 1979–1980

Human isolates of Salmonella dublin were reported to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, 103 times in 1980, as isolation rate nearly twice that reported in 1979. In 1979 and 1980 S. dublin was isolated predominantly in the western United States, frequently from males (60% of the total), from adults older than 40 years of age (55%), and from blood (37%). Detailed histories were obtained for 39 cases outside of California and Oregon, and 32 cases were matched with 62 age-, sex-, and locality-matched control subjects. We found that persons infected with S. dublin were more likely to have suffered from chronic noninfectious diseases (P less than 0.001) and were more likely to have ingested antacids (P less than 0.01) than their controls. In the case-control study, 21 (66%) of the infected persons were hospitalized and six (19%) died. When exposure to cattle, beef, or dairy products was examined, we found that cases differed significantly from controls only by a more frequent consumption of raw milk (P less than 0.001).
Biological stability of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine labelled with iodine-125 after its incorporation into the deoxyribonucleic acid of the mouse.

Biological Stability of 5-lodo-2′-deoxyuridine labelled with Iodine-125 after its Incorporation into the Deoxyribonucleic Acid of the Mouse
Computer assisted endoscopic sinus surgery: Clinical applications

In patients with sinonasal disease, recognition of anatomic landmarks may be difficult. The ISG Viewing Wand is an intraoperative navigational device that allows the surgeon to correlate the anatomy of the patient with a computerized display of the reformatted image of preoperative computed tomographic or magnetic resonance scans. We have found the ISG Viewing Wand to be a valuable tool for surgery of the paranasal sinuses. Representative cases are presented that illustrate the application of this device. An intraoperative navigational device enhances the surgeon's ability to safely identify anatomic structures.
ESD robust bipolar transistors with variable trigger and sustaining voltages

A new pseudo-vertical integrated npn bipolar transistor with variable sustaining and trigger voltages is presented in this paper. It is shown that the sustaining voltage can be tuned to obtain the required high value. These devices are realized in a junction isolated (JI) mixed-signal power BiCMOS technology with maximum breakdown voltage requirements in excess of 60V. The ESD robustness of these bipolar transistors is verified using transmission line pulse (TLP) and HBM (human body model) measurements. It is now possible to use a single bipolar transistor as an ESD protection device for a high voltage pin application instead of using stacked bipolar devices. The net result is a better control and possible reduction in overall die area.
The Macrofauna of Water-filled Tree Holes on Barro Colorado Island, Panama1

Abstract The fauna of water-filled tree holes in Neotropical forests is not well documented. Cumulatively, 54 macroinvertebrate and 5 vertebrate taxa were found in artificial and natural tree holes censused over four wet seasons on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Most of the species were in the insect order Diptera, occurred as aquatic larvae in tree holes, and were detritivore/omnivores. Half (49%) of the collected species are considered specialists in this and similar container habitats, and three invertebrate taxa were previously unknown from tree holes. Successional patterns were weak in tree holes, but some taxa predictably colonized holes shortly after they were filled. The mosquito Culex urichii was more common and abundant in artificial than in natural tree holes; occurrence frequencies and densities of most other taxa were similar between hole types.
DYNAMICS OF PEAT ACCUMULATION AND MARL FLAT FORMATION IN A CALCAREOUS FEN, MIDWESTERN UNITED STATES

The age and sequence of peat accumulation were investigated at a calcareous fen in northeastern Illinois, USA. The purpose of this study was to identify the processes that form and sustain marl flats, which are areas of marl or tufa substrate within the fen that contain numerous rare plant species. Geomorphic, stratigraphic, and radiocarbon evidence was used to establish the processes and chronology of peat accumulation and erosion adjacent to each marl flat. The age of the base of the peat deposit varies greatly throughout the fen, ranging from 14,679 calibrated years before present (cal. years BP) to nearly modern, indicating that colonization of the sand and gravel substrate by peat occurred throughout the period from the Late Pleistocene to present. Adjacent to one marl flat, trends in basal peat age and thickness show that peat accumulation has progressed laterally inward from both sides, suggesting that the marl flat has been infilling with peat progressively by accumulation at the margins since at least 5,370 cal. years BP or longer. A second marl flat in the fen is surrounded by older, thick peat of differing ages on either edge and is bounded by fresh scarps, indicating that the marl flat currently is expanding laterally by erosion into the preexisting peat blanket. These two examples suggest a continuously repeating process, where erosion of the accumulated peat blanket forms a marl flat, which is later covered by peat accumulation. Trends in basal peat age elsewhere in the fen suggest that other marl flats may have existed in the past that have been completely infilled with peat. This study suggests that marl flat formation is a natural process that has been occurring for millennia, continuously creating habitat for the rare plant species that occupy marl flats. There is no evidence that the marl flats at this site are indicative of anthropogenic disturbance, so that management options for these areas are limited to maintaining the quality and quantity of ground-water discharge that supports both peat formation and erosion.
Quantum field theories with composite particles and asymptotic conditions

The connection between the Nishijima-Zimmermann method and the Ekstein method of treating collision processes between composite particles in quantum field theory is given. Starting from the point of view that the field is a local observable, the "asymptotic conditions" are proved and generalized. (auth)
Expectancy Effects on Conditioned Pain Modulation Are Not Influenced by Naloxone or Morphine

Recent studies suggest that participant expectations influence pain ratings during conditioned pain modulation testing. The present study extends this work by examining expectancy effects among individuals with and without chronic back pain after administration of placebo, naloxone, or morphine. This study aims to identify the influence of individual differences in expectancy on changes in heat pain ratings obtained before, during, and after a forearm ischemic pain stimulus. Participants with chronic low back pain (n = 88) and healthy controls (n = 100) rated heat pain experience (i.e., “test stimulus”) before, during, and after exposure to ischemic pain (i.e., “conditioning stimulus”). Prior to testing, participants indicated whether they anticipated that their heat pain would increase, decrease, or remain unchanged during ischemic pain. Analysis of the effects of expectancy (pain increase, decrease, or no change), drug (placebo, naloxone, or morphine), and group (back pain, healthy) on changes in heat pain revealed a significant main effect of expectancy (p = 0.001), but no other significant main effects or interactions. Follow-up analyses revealed that individuals who expected lower pain during ischemia reported significantly larger decreases in heat pain as compared with those who expected either no change (p = 0.004) or increased pain (p = 0.001). The present findings confirm that expectancy is an important contributor to conditioned pain modulation effects, and therefore significant caution is needed when interpreting findings that do not account for this individual difference. Opioid mechanisms do not appear to be involved in these expectancy effects.
Breast Density Assessment, Risk, and Significance in the Screening of Breast Cancer

Every breast is composed of varying degrees of fibroglandular breast tissue and fatty tissue. Breast density reflects the amount of fibroglandular tissue present relative to the amount of fat, and may be assessed either qualitatively or quantitatively. The most common classification of breast density used clinically is the qualitative, subjective scale from the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System 5th edition categorizing breast density using mammography as almost entirely fatty, scattered areas of fibroglandular density, heterogeneously dense, and extremely dense (D’Orsi et al. in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System: ACR BI-RADS, 2012). The latter two categories are usually considered “dense” breasts in terms of risk assessment. Though dense breasts likely contribute as a small independent risk factor for breast cancer, dense breast tissue on mammography may also obscure an underlying cancer, making it more difficult for the cancer to be detected mammographically. Several states have now passed laws requiring patients to be notified if they have dense breasts and their potential options for supplemental screening (Freer in Radiographics 35:302–315, 2015; Are You Dense Advocacy, Inc. D.E.N.S.E. ® State Efforts in http://areyoudenseadvocacy.org/dense/ , 2015). Presently, however, evidence in support of supplemental screening in women with dense breasts is limited, often leading to confusion for both patients and clinicians, especially when supplemental screening methods may not be covered by insurance companies (Freer in Radiographics 35:302–315, 2015; Slanetz et al. in N Engl J Med 372:593–595, 2015). Newer models of calculating a patient’s lifetime risk of breast cancer while incorporating breast density may prove useful in developing future supplemental screening recommendations for women with dense breasts (Warwick et al. in Breast Cancer Res 16:451, 2014). The purpose of this article is to familiarize the radiologist with how breast density is assessed, how increased breast density may diminish sensitivity of screening mammography, and which patient populations with dense breasts may benefit from supplemental screening based on risk stratification.
Abstract 4744: Sequence-specific p53-DNA binding to gene regulatory elements is altered by single-nucleotide polymorphisms

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may influence disease susceptibility by modifying cellular responses to environmental stresses. Regulatory SNPs occur in non-coding gene regions and can modify gene expression in an allele-specific manner by altering transcription factor binding. The tumor suppressor p53, a transcription factor, coordinates the expression of an intricate network of genes in response to DNA damage. Importantly, sequence-specific DNA binding is essential for p53 tumor suppressive activity. Unfortunately, lack of robust computational methods and laborious experimental assays have hampered the discovery and characterization of the effects of SNPs in p53 response elements (p53REs). Therefore, we developed a refined bioinformatics approach to identify SNPs in bona fide and putative p53-DNA binding sites. We also developed the microsphere assay for protein-DNA binding (MAPD) to assess the impact of genetic variation on p53-RE binding following cellular exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Thirty-two SNPs (within 12 bona fide and 20 putative p53REs) identified by our bioinformatics approach were evaluated using the MAPD assay. We monitored p53-DNA binding in nuclear extracts from doxorubicin- or IR-treated human lymphoblastoid and U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Significant increases in p53 binding over the negative control were observed for the majority of the p53REs. p53 bound several candidate elements at levels comparable to the positive control (p21 p53RE). Alleles that were predicted to lower p53 binding indeed displayed reduced binding toward 23 of the 32 sequences. Of these alleles, 10 diminished p53 binding by ≥50%. Base substitutions at conserved C and G bases had the greatest impact on p53-DNA binding. In addition, five p53RE SNPs altered gene expression in a set of genotyped lymphoblastoid cell lines. Cellular binding of p53 to putative REs are currently being validated by ChIP-seq. These findings demonstrate that our bioinformatics approach combined with MAPD and gene expression analysis can identify SNPs that alter p53 activity in response to DNA damage and discover novel genes within the p53 transcriptional network. This strategy also can be employed to identify functional SNPs for future studies in human populations. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4744.
Preceramic Polymers for Aluminum Oxides

The utilization of recently discovered aluminum-oxygen-carbon backbone polymers in the preparation of various phases of A12O3 is presented. The structure of the polymers has been examined by ss 27AI NMR, TGA, MS, SEM, XRD, and EDAX. The solid pyrolysis products of these polymers have been characterized by ss 27AI NMR, XRD, SEM, and EDAX. The volatile products of pyrolysis have been studied by trapping, TGA and MS.
Technique using thermal infrared-imaging for estimating populations of gray bats

Estimating size of populations of bats during nocturnal emergence from caves relies on techniques of visual counting that are subjective and highly dependent on skill of the observer. A noninvasive technique, using thermal infrared-imaging and digital picture processing, was developed and tested at two caves in northern Alabama. A comparison of estimates between this technique and that of a skilled observer with a night-vision scope revealed a difference of <6%. This semi-automated technique and its applicability are discussed.
Prosodic and Stylistic Mechanism of Verb’s Reduplication

This paper analyses the prosodic and stylistic mechanism of verb’s reduplication which marks the delimitivity aspect. The verb’s reduplication "V.yi(一).V" and "V.V" is produced under the prosodic constraints, and the prosodic rule decides the form of verb’s reduplication "V.V." Beside the prosodic mechanism, the grammar of spoken Chinese decides the usage of reduplication, and according the theory of register grammar, the paper analyses the reason why verb’s reduplication is a grammar of spoken Chinese.
Abstract IA18: Thinking outside the box: New areas in prevention research.

Due to its high fatality, ovarian cancer is a key public health problem. Identifying high-risk women is particularly important, as bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy reduces risk by >90%; However, because this surgery has other negative health consequences (e.g., increased risk of heart disease), it is indicated only for women with BRCA or other high-risk genetic variants. Unfortunately, current etiologic understanding of ovarian cancer and its risk factors does not have the predictive capacity needed to identify women who could benefit from prophylactic surgery. Thus the primary goal of prevention research is to identify new, potentially modifiable risk factors for ovarian cancer that have the capability to both improve risk prediction and create new opportunities for other prevention modalities. A number of challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, require “out-of-the-box” approaches to conducting prevention research. In this talk, I will discuss several examples of opportunities to advance prevention research including novel approaches to characterizing ovarian tumors in epidemiologic studies, using basic research to motivate the evaluation of new potential risk factors, and considering etiologically susceptible windows of exposure. Finally, I will discuss existing consortial resources within the ovarian cancer research community that are open to collaboration. Citation Format: Shelley S. Tworoger. Thinking outside the box: New areas in prevention research. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: Exploiting Vulnerabilities; Oct 17-20, 2015; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Adapting Safety Rules in a High Reliability Context How Wildland Firefighting Workgroups Ventriloquize Safety Rules to Understand Hazards

Safety rules are unavoidable in hazardous work and are often codified insights from accidents and fatalities. Safety rules research predominantly focuses on factors that influence compliance and violation of rules (a rationalist view), but rarely examines how members draw from safety rules to take action and gain experience. This study draws from and extends an adaptation view of safety rules, which considers how members use safety rules as “tools” to inform action. The study compares how two wildland firefighting workgroups incorporate safety rules into communication practices, and specifically, how they ventriloquize them. From a communication perspective, ventriloquization directs attention to ways safety rules enable members to make sense of hazards, navigate authority, and develop experience. The findings contribute an explanatory workgroup model for how members adapt safety rules into action according to workgroup norms, complementary relationships, and practices, which extends our understanding of ...
Adult ADHD and depressive disorders: prevalence, significance, and clinical presentation.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the spectrum of depressive disorders have high overlapping prevalence rates. Rates of depression in adults with ADHD and rates of ADHD in depressed adults provide an important epidemiologic background for clinicians treating either or both of these populations. There is a distinctive phenomenology of ADHD and depression, and distinctive diagnostic issues that present with the coexistence of these two disorders.
RIPK3 Slams the Brake on Leukemogenesis

Evasion of cell death is a key hallmark of cancers. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Hockendorf and colleagues identified RIPK3, an essential kinase for necroptosis, as having a key role in inhibiting acute myeloid leukemia development.
The Bubbling Cauldron

In order to understand properly the Rwandan tragedy of 1994, it is imperative to be familiar with the underlying ethnic and historical background which conditioned the genocide. It is evident that political competition helped foster ethnic polarization, resulting in mass killings. Also significant was interaction with developments in neighboring Burundi, which shared Rwanda’s culture and ethnic mix. To some degree, the 1994 Rwandan genocide may be viewed as an ominous replay of Burundi’s ethnic killings of 1972.
Associations Between Decisional Balance and Health Behaviors Among Adult Cancer Survivors

Interventions directed at health behavior change are increasingly being developed for cancer survivors. This study validates decisional balance measures for physical activity and fruit and vegetable (F/V) consumption among adult survivorship population. Participants were N = 86 patients who previously completed primary treatment for breast or prostate cancer for at least 5 years and were enrolled in an e-health intervention that aimed to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviors. Decisional balance, stage of change, F/V consumption, and physical activity were assessed at baseline and 3 months. Factor analysis was used to assess the structure of the decisional balance measures. The relationship between decisional balance, stage, and behavioral outcomes was assessed with mixed model analyses. The two factor structures of each measure were supported. Pros and cons differed across stages of change for both behaviors (p's < .0001). Total Metabolic Equivalent of Task units (METs) were related to decisional balance pros (p = .012) and cons (p = .003). F/V consumption was significantly associated with decisional balance pros (p = .0003), but not cons (p = .112). Overall, findings provide validation for these decisional balance measures as indicators of health behaviors and support the value of using these measures in further research to aid in understanding of behavior change in this population.
Universality in quasi-two-dimensional granular shock fronts above an intruder

We experimentally study quasi-two-dimensional dilute granular flow around intruders whose shape, size, and relative impact speed are systematically varied. Direct measurement of the flow field reveals that three in-principle independent measurements of the nonuniformity of the flow field are in fact all linearly related: (1) granular temperature, (2) flow-field divergence, and (3) shear-strain rate. The shock front is defined as the local maxima in each of these measurements. The shape of the shock front is well described by an inverted catenary and is driven by the formation of a dynamic arch during steady flow. We find universality in the functional form of the shock front within the range of experimental values probed. Changing the intruder size, concavity, and impact speed only results in a scaling and shifting of the shock front. We independently measure the horizontal lift force on the intruder and find that it can be understood as a result of the interplay between the shock profile and the intruder shape.
Case studies of the orphans of Duplessis: the power of stories.

When I was a boy, my father recounted his experiences growing up during the Great Depression. His family, like many others, did not have much money, especially for the extra things in life. Much of what he, his brother, and his sisters did for fun couldn’t cost money. With their father, my grandfather, they would make toys out of extra materials they found around the neighborhood or around their house. Some of my own most memorable toys were those that my father and I made together, even though there was no financial need to do it. These were toys from his childhood—rifles made from planks of wood that used elastic band bullets cut from old inner tubes and buttons that were looped through with string that whistled when you pulled on the ends. My father’s stories told of less fortunate times, but they were rich and filled with the details of family, friends, and warm memories. I learned from a young age how stories have the power to communicate experience, connect people with their past, and bring meaning to their present and future. In their paper Seven Institutionalized Children and Their Adaptation in Late Adulthood: The Children of Duplessis (Les Enfants de Duplessis), Dr. Perry and colleagues continue their valuable contribution to the literature regarding the vicissitudes of early orphanage life; but this time as storyteller. Their previous publications describing this orphan group include a pilot investigation of a smaller, mostly male population of orphans (Sigal, Rossingol, & Perry, 1999), as well as a more comprehensive and detailed description of a larger male and female index group (Sigal, Perry, Rossingol, & Ouimet, 2003). Two more recent articles describe the prevalence of certain predictive factors in the study population, such as personal strengths, attachment relationships, and adverse experiences (Perry, et al., 2005a), as well as the association of these factors to later adult psychological health and social and occupational function (Perry, et al., 2005b). In the present paper, the authors move from a statistical description of the population to a detailing of the lives of seven middle-aged adults who were placed in orphanages before the age of 4. In so doing, they introduce us to the characters in this human drama, in very personal ways, and communicate their painful Psychiatry 69(4) Winter 2006 325
Investigation of A=155 and A=151 nuclides: Identification of the 155Tm s1/2 isomer and of the 155Yb beta -decay branch.

The decay properties of {sup 155}Lu, {sup 155}Yb, {sup 155}Tm, and of the {alpha}-decay daughters {sup 151}Er and {sup 151}Ho were investigated following the on-line mass separation of {ital A}=155 nuclides produced in {sup 64}Zn irradiations of {sup 95}Mo. In the study, the half-life of the low-spin isomer in {sup 155}Lu was measured to be 140{plus minus}20 ms, the {beta}-decay branch of {sup 155}Yb was identified by observing daughter {gamma} rays and Tm {ital K} x rays, and the existence in {sup 155}Tm of an {ital s}{sub 1/2} isomer ({ital T}{sub 1/2}=44{plus minus}4 s), in addition to the {ital h}{sub 11/2} ground state ({ital T}{sub 1/2}=21.6{plus minus}0.2 s) was established. Schemes for the {beta} decays of {sup 155}Yb, {sup 155}Tm, and {sup 151}Er are proposed. New information on {sup 151}Er decay establishes the {ital s}{sub 1/2} isomer in {sup 151}Ho to be 41.1{plus minus}0.2 keV above the {ital h}{sub 11/2} ground state. Also, branchings of 90{plus minus}5, 28{plus minus}7, and 80{sub {minus}20}{sup +15}% were determined for the {alpha} decays of {sup 155}Yb, {sup 151}Ho, and {sup 151}Ho{sup {ital m}}, respectively.
Supporting Grieving Students in the Aftermath of a School Crisis

Schools play a significant role in the social and emotional development of children and can be an important context for providing support for grieving children, whether the death(s) are of family members or family friends, or of classmates or school staff. This chapter will focus on the unique aspects of supporting grieving children after the death of a member of the school community and in the context of a school crisis or disaster; many of the same principles and strategies are appropriate for assisting children grieving personal losses that do not impact directly others in the school. Practical advice will be offered for child mental health professionals who consult or otherwise advise schools, or who are in a position to provide relevant training or professional development to school professionals.
Variance and derivative estimation for virtual performance in simulation analytics

Virtual performance is a class of time-dependent performance measures conditional on a particular event occurring at timet 0 for a (possibly) nonstationary stochastic process; virtual waiting time of a customer arriving to a queue at time t 0 is one example. Virtual statistics are estimators of the virtual performance. In this paper, we go beyond the mean to propose estimators for the variance, and for the derivative of the mean with respect to time, of virtual performance, examining both their small-sample and asymptotic properties. We also provide a modified K-fold cross validation method for tuning the parameter k for the difference-based variance estimator, and evaluate the performance of both variance and derivative estimators via controlled studies. The variance and derivative provide useful information that is not apparent in the mean of virtual performance.
Complete inhibition of fetal movement in the day 40 pregnant goat model by the piperidine alkaloid anabasine but not related alkaloids.

Abstract Four chemically similar alkaloids, anabasine, anabaseine, epibatidine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), are potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists of fetal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human TE-671 cells. Based on results with these cells, we hypothesized that the alkaloids would completely inhibit ultrasound-monitored fetal movement in a goat model. Different, single doses of anabasine, anabaseine, epibatidine, DMPP, or saline control were administered I.V. to pregnant goats on day 40 of gestation and the number of fetal movements per 5 min sample was measured by ultrasound at times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h. The differences among does in fetal movements were more consistent at dosing and following recovery for doses of anabasine above 0.125 mg/kg compared to the other compounds and dosages. Anabasine actions were dose-dependent with an IC50 value of ∼0.1 mg/kg, and, at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg, completely inhibited fetal movement for 1.5 h after dosing. Anabaseine, epibatidine, and DMPP failed to completely inhibit fetal movement in day 40 pregnant goats at doses predicted to be effective. These results suggest that while experiments with TE-671 cells provide valuable information and predictions of the actions of plant alkaloids on fetal movement, in vivo experiments are still required in order to determine the ability of an alkaloid to inhibit fetal movement in livestock species. Moreover, other pharmacological properties such as receptor differences between mammalian species and differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of the alkaloids also are likely to weaken teratologic predictions based solely on the in vitro data.
Cyclodimerization of isocyanates promoted by one large vertex metallaborane

Abstract The 10-vertex Manganese-decaborane [nido-6-Mn(CO)3B9H13][NMe4] was found to act as an efficient catalyst for isocyanate cyclodimerization under photo-irradiation conditions. The reaction yields were comparable with other metal catalyst reported in literature. One of the products was characterized by X-ray crystallographic study and reaction mechanism was also proposed. The results are very encouraging as they represent first examples of a large metallaborane compound to catalyze the cyclodimerization of isocyanates.
Intending to Frame Entrepreneurship Research: Thirty Years After Bird (1988)

Barbara Bird, in her seminal 1988 article “Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas: The Case for Intention,” broke from existing research in strategic management and entrepreneurship. She did so by setting forth a behavioral framework for entrepreneurship that connects ideas with outcomes through the agency of intentionality. This retrospective explores the impact of Bird’s work on the field of entrepreneurship research through bibliometric analysis and a review of her seminal ideas that have become central to the field. In 1988 and today, Bird challenges entrepreneurship scholars to move beyond traditional and accepted methods by embracing novel new theoretical speculations. Bird’s groundbreaking focus on the psychological basis for venture creation embodied entrepreneurial thinking and has emboldened a generation of researchers to become academic entrepreneurs.
Influence of lateral pedal translation on muscle recruitment and kinematics in cyclists.

Abstract Background/Objective Current cycling pedals constrain the pedaling motion to the sagittal plane. This study aimed to evaluate novel pedal systems that allow lateral translation through the pedal stroke via frontal plane kinematics and muscle recruitment. Methods Sixteen cyclists were recruited to pedal on three pedal systems: standard pedals (STD), free lateral translation (LAT), and a guided lateral translation pedal (VL). Frontal plane kinematics were measured via markers on the hip, knee, and foot. EMG recordings were collected from 8 leg muscles and expressed as a percentage of functional threshold power activation levels. Results Knee and ankle range of movement was significantly more highly correlated in the VL pedals compared to STD (r = .46 ± .08, vs. .23 ± .05; p = .028). The rectus femoris was recruited significantly less in the VL vs. STD pedals (23.6 ± 7.7% lower, p = .008). The hip abductors were more highly recruited in VL vs. STD: gluteus medius (16.9 ± 7.2% higher, p = .033) and the tensor fascia latae (30.9 ± 8.5% lower, p = .003). Conclusion VL pedals may improve knee-to-ankle tracking through the pedal stroke and may allow cyclists to increase power output through the additional recruitment of hip abductors.
The Ovariectomized Mice and Rats

The most common animals that are used for experimental studies are rodents, mainly rats and mice. Osteoporosis-related research is no exception. As early as 1985, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were used to study postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Accumulation of bis (tributyltin) oxide by the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii

Abstract Accumulation of 14C labelled bis(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) by the mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii , was determined through short-term exposure to labelled water and food. The potential for trophic accumulation during chronic low level exposure is emphasized.
Clinical Evaluation of a Fiberoptic Device for Measuring PVI

There is considerable evidence that CSF pressures at equilibrium are equal in magnitude to a pulse throughout the cerebrospinal fluid space (Marmarou et al. 1976). However, there is little data to show if transmission of CSF pressures are evenly distributed throughout the brain tissue. Moreover, if equilibrium is challenged by volume manipulation, it is not clear if the viscoelastic properties of brain are able to prevent uniform pressure gradients. Previous efforts to monitor rapid changes in brain tissue pressure using wick catheters were limited, due to poor frequency response. The purpose of this study was to determine to degree to which brain tissue pressure, as measured by a fiberoptic device (FOD), follows dynamic changes in CSF pressure induced by CSF volume manipulation.
The Effect Of Environment On Mechanical Properties Of Coated And Uncoated Alloys

Combined creep and corrosion testing, as well as creep testing of pre-oxidized specimens has been used to assess the effect of oxidation on alloy creep strength. Exposure in wet air for up to 1500 h at 650 C for alloy T92 resulted in the formation of a 80 m thick oxide scale that did not affect the alloy creep resistance. Alloy 230 creep properties were also only slightly affected by pre oxidation for 2000 h in steam at 800 C. Application of an aluminide coating protected the alloy from oxidation but decreased the substrate mechanical properties because of the weak coating mechanical properties. Stress was found to have an effect on the Fe-rich oxide grown on alloy T92 during oxidation in wet air by promoting cracking of the scale. However, no effect of the creep deformation was observed on the aluminide coating integrity. In-situ steam testing is necessary to provide relevant data for lifetime models of in-service components.