cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterolytic CF bond energies and stabilities of poly(perfluoroethers)

Abstract The heterolytic strengths of various CF bonds adjacent to oxygen in the perfluoroethers CF3OCF3, CF3OCF2CF3, CF3OCF2OCF3, CF3OCF2CF2OCF3 and CF3OCF2CF(CF3)OCF3 have been calculated at the MP-2 level with a polarized double-ζ basis set. These CF bonds all have similar strengths (233–238 kcal/mol), except for the much weaker methylene CF bonds (222.6 kcal/mol) in CF3OCF2OCF3, and the stronger methine CF bond (244.5 kcal/mol) in CF3OCF2CF(CF3)OCF3. These bond strengths are related to the experimental stabilities of commercial FomblinR, KrytoxR and DemnumR poly(perfluoroethers). An electrophilic decomposition mechanism involving assisted heterolysis of CF bonds is proposed.
On the validation of a strengthening concept

Louat formulated a strengthening theory in which the four conditions specified above could be met in two phase materials in which the minor phase forms the matrix. Additionally, thermal stability is insured if the two phases are immiscible. It follows from Louat's theory that material with superior strength can be obtained by embedding a high volume fraction (greater than 50%) of ultrafine particles in a ductile matrix. In contrast to conventional materials, these particle reinforced materials are predicted to retain much of their strength even when the matrix melts. In addition, the theory predicts that the strength of such materials increases with decreasing particle size. The results presented in this paper refer to the case of iron or copper particles embedded in a lead matrix
The Carboxyl Terminal Residues 220-283 Are Not Required for Voltage Gating of a Chimeric Connexin32 Hemichannel

Connexin hemichannels display two distinct forms of voltage-dependent gating, corresponding to the operation of Vj- or fast gates and loop- or slow gates. The carboxyl terminus (CT) of connexin 32 has been reported to be required for the operation of the Vj (fast) gates, but this conclusion was inferred from the loss of a fast kinetic component in macroscopic currents of CT-truncated intercellular channels elicited by transjunctional voltage. Such inferences are complicated by presence of both fast and slow gates in each hemichannel and the serial head-to-head arrangement of these gates in the intercellular channel. Examination of voltage gating in undocked hemichannels and Vj gate polarity reversal by a negative charge substitution (N2E) in the amino terminal domain allow unequivocal separation of the two gating processes in a Cx32 chimera (Cx32∗43E1). This chimera expresses currents as an undocked hemichannel in Xenopus oocytes and provides a model system to study the molecular determinants and mechanisms of Cx32 voltage gating. Here, we demonstrate that both Vj- and loop gates are operational in a truncation mutation that removes all but the first four CT residues (ACAR219) of the Cx32∗43E1 hemichannel. We conclude that an operational Cx32 Vj (fast) gate does not require CT residues 220–283, as reported previously by others.
Toward a Definition of Book Review Policy.

A part-time book review editor is a sort of conscripted volunteer, and his problems resemble those of the amateur in any organized enterprise. He undergoes an educational experience in the course of which everyone hopes his mistakes will do as little harm as possible. He learns the things he can do something about and those he had better let alone, those things that have to be put in writing-when-and those things that shouldn't. Perhaps the best example of the first category is his decision to go to work; be is well advised to pick an editorin-chief whose judgment and standards he respects implicitly, and whose idea of supervision is to create circumstances under which the book review editor can do his job better.t The second category consists largely of resisting the temptation to rewrite reviews. Apart from grammatical corrections, clarifying phraseology, and deletions based upon considerations of space, the book review editor should content himself with firm, polite reminders to reviewers, whose drafts he finds unsatisfactory, of the purpose of the review within the word limitation specified in the original invitation. This brings us to the two strategic principles upon which the B.R.E. in most cases can secure acceptance of his responsible judgment: (1) space allocation, translated into reasonable word limitations, and (2) time pressure, expressed in lead times to meet editorial deadlines. The same principles also operate to guide the B.R.E. in his correspondence; if he cannot speak his mind in one page there is apt to be something wrong with his thinking, and an administrative decision that cannot be satisfactorily stated in a public letter should probably be reconsidered. The Concept of the Book Review Section. Pervasive and critical as it is, the space prin-
Nanoceria coating imperfections and their effect on the high-temperature oxidation resistance of a 304 stainless steel

The microemulsion method was employed in this work for synthesizing nanocrystalline cerium oxide particles. Average nanoparticle sizes of 3.45 nm were produced by these means. XPS determinations indicated that both Ce3+ and Ce4+ are present in the synthesized nanoceria particles, with an average amount of 22.8 % of Ce3+ ions. It was found that the nanocrystalline cerium oxide coatings lead to significant improvements (of 1–2 orders of magnitude) in the high-temperature oxidation resistance of 304 SS. In addition, it was found that by decreasing the nanoparticle mean size from 10 to 3.45 nm, the effect of the coating protection was drastically improved. The experimentally determined parabolic rate constants k p at 1073 and 1273 K for 304 SS indicated a reduction of up to two orders of magnitude when nanoceria coatings with 3.45 nm in mean size were applied. Also, the scale thickness was reduced from 15 to 5 μm when oxidized at 1073 K for 442 h. Coatings with purchased nanoceria particles (10 nm) were not as effective as the coatings with synthesized nanoceria. Apparently, at increasing nanoceria sizes, the oxidation protection is significantly reduced. In addition, it was found that the method of dipping for coating 304 SS does not provide a uniform coverage with nanoceria particles. Fe-rich ‘islands’ develop during high-temperature oxidation indicating that some regions do not exhibit the protection that nanoceria can provide. In contrast, relatively thick-coating regions on the steel substrate exhibit minimal oxidation, and the resultant scale is fine grained and uniform.
Improved microcontroller-based electronic respiratory training

Respiratory training is a critical component of many rehabilitation plans, including those of stroke patients. Many current respiratory training techniques lack efficient methods for quantifying progress and updating testing parameters. A previously-developed microcontroller-based device, designed in conjunction with clinicians at the Institute for Rehabilitation Science and Engineering at Madonna Rehabilitation Hospital, has demonstrated promising results. Here, a prototype of a revised device that is network connected and remoatly sends trial information is presented. The proposed device demonstrates enhanced functionality, while being smaller and using less power than the original prototype.
Glucose and memory in mild senile dementia of the alzheimer type

Abstract Glucose utilization appears to play a role in memory, and patients with Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT) show particular abnormalities of the glucose system. The present study examined the effects of glucose administration on memory in subjects with mild SDAT and age- matched controls. SDAT subjects demonstrated greater overall increases in blood glucose levels following glucose administration. Normal subjects whose blood glucose levels returned to near baseline following glucose administration showed facilitated memory performance, whereas SDAT subjects whose blood glucose levels remained elevated showed significant improvement following glucose administration. The results suggest that impaired glucose regulation contributes to memory impairment in SDAT.
Time-Resolved Electrochromism Associated with the Formation of Quinone Anions in the Rhodobacter sphaeroides R26 Reaction Center†

The bacterial photosynthetic reaction center contains bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) and bacteriopheophytin (Bph) cofactors that provide natural probes of electrostatic fields within this protein. We have examined the electrochromic responses of these cofactors, resolved during the lifetimes of the quinone anion states, P+QA-QB and P+QAQB-, and measured as a function of temperature. These measurements provide information on the time-dependent variation in electrostatic field strength on the Bchl and Bph cofactors. Measurements in the near-infrared absorbance bands have revealed the following. First, the QA-QB → QAQB- electron transfer rate is found to be heterogeneous, consisting of at least two distinct kinetic components. At room temperature, we find a previously unresolved fast kinetic component with a reaction time of 25−40 μs, depending upon the preparation, that accounts for approximately 25% of the total reaction yield. The major component was identified with a reaction time of 210−240 μs. Below −20 °C...
The significance of eosinophilia in abdominal complaints of American soldiers.

IN THE Southwest Pacific the characteristics of many tropical diseases acquired by American soldiers differed from those described in textbooks. Medical officers suspected new syndromes, but laboratory personnel were frequently unable to confirm these impressions with routine methods. The lack of specific diagnostic evidence often forced a diagnosis of psychoneurosis. In the course of time, it was possible to evaluate certain criteria and to devise practical technics that were helpful in differentiating the neurotic patients from those with unusual manifestations of the usual tropical diseases. Some of these methods have been described in previous publications. For example, the proper interpretation . . .
Development of hyperbetalipoproteinemia in pigs fed atherogenic diet.

Hormel miniature pigs were studied over a period of 24 weeks to observe the changes in serum lipoprotein pattern, cholesteryl ester, free cholesterol, and triglyceride in the atherogenic-fed pigs. These pigs were compared to age-related control animals in our breeding herd. Pigs fed the atherogenic diet (20% tallow, 3% cholesterol, and a bile supplement) exhibited a heterogeneous response but showed mean increases in cholesteryl ester (571 mg/dl) and free cholesterol (226 mg/dl), a slight increase in triglyceride (58 mg/dl), and a severe hyperbetalipo proteinemia. Three animals with the highest cholesteryl ester (all above 600 mg/dl) had resolvable β components in their 1.006 g/ml very low density lipoprotein fraction (type III), as well as huge increases in the Sf 12–20 low density lipoprotein fraction. The other four animals had substantial increases in Sf 0–20, and the three highest had much of their low density lipoprotein in the Sf 12–20, or “remnant” fraction. The test pigs all showed gross lesions in the aorta with an increase in cholesteryl ester and free cholesterol in the tissue as compared with control animals.
Influence of Temperature on the Extraction of Pu(IV) by Tri-n-butyl Phosphate from Acidic Nitrate Solutions

The influence of temperature on the extraction of Pu(IV) into 30 vol.% tri-n-butyl phosphate in n-dodecane from acidic nitrate solutions has been investigated at temperatures ranging from T = (294 to 313) K. Temperature was found to decrease the distribution of Pu(IV). Three species of plutonium were considered present in the aqueous solution: Pu4+, , and . The enthalpy and entropy of the extraction, calculated using Van't Hoff plots, are −60.4 ± 3.34 kJ·mol−1 and −120 ± 10.6 J·mol−1·K−1, respectively.
Generating all graph coverings by permutation voltage assignments

Abstract This paper introduces the permutation voltage graph construction, which is a generalization of Gross's ordinary voltage graph construction. It is shown that every covering of a given graph arises from some permutation voltage assignment in a symmetric group and that every regular covering (in the topological sense) arises from some ordinary voltage assignment. These results are related to graph imbedding theory. It is demonstrated that the relationship of permutation voltages to ordinary voltages is analogous to the relationship of Schreier coset graphs to Cayley graphs.
On generalized Ramsey theory: The bipartite case

Abstract Given graphs G and H, a coloring of E(G) is called an (H, q)-coloring if the edges of every copy of H⊆G together receive at least q colors. Let r(G, H, q) denote the minimum number of colors in an (H, q)-coloring of G. We determine, for fixed p, the smallest q for which r(Kn, n, Kp, p, q) is linear in n, the smallest q for which it is quadratic in n. We also determine the smallest q for which r(Kn, n, Kp, p, q)=n2−O(n), and the smallest q for which r(Kn, n, Kp, p, q)=n2−O(1). Our results include showing that r(Kn, n, K2, t+1, 2) and r(Kn, K2, t+1, 2) are both (1+o(1)) n / t as n→∞, thereby proving a special case of a conjecture of Chung and Graham. Finally, we determine the exact value of r(Kn, n, K3, 3, 8), and prove that 2n/3⩽r(Kn, n, C4, 3)⩽n+1. Several problems remain open.
Lattice dynamics of the exchange charge model of alkali halides

Abstract Certain difficulties associated with the shell model of ionic crystals are not removable by considering the long-range electrical interactions deriving from small positive exchange charges. These exchange charges are located in the regions of overlap between nearest-neighbor ions and represent the distortion of charge distributions on the shells.
Progress in Ion Beam Mixing

Ion Beam Mixing is a rapidly progressing scientific field wedding material science and ion physics. Technological applications are presently under exploration even though the phenomenological processes are not fully understood. The present work examines the experimental data which provide an understanding of the underlying processes occuring during ion beam mixing. Experimental results of ion beam mixing of thin evaporated Sn layers in mixed Ge/Si solid solutions are reported. Tentative conclusions are drawn as to the likely directions for fruitful avenues of investigation.
Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy, Equipment and Technique: A Step-by-Step Explanation

Abstract Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) represents a natural orifice endoscopic surgical technique for ‘scarless' Heller myotomy for the treatment of achalasia. It utilizes a submucosal tunnel approach that offsets the mucosal and muscle incisions and thus allows secure closure with a few clips on the mucosotomy site. The first POEM procedure was performed in Japan by Haruhiro Inoue in 2008. Since then POEM has steadily grown to several hundred procedures worldwide at this point. Published data are limited but demonstrate high efficacy and low complication rates at expert centers pioneering this procedure. POEM techniques are reviewed, along with tips and tricks, in the submitted video. It should be emphasized that POEM is a challenging endoscopic surgical procedure that requires advanced endoscopic resectional skills, particularly endoscopic submucosal dissection skills. There is unanimity among current operators that POEM should be performed under institutional review board approval and after appropriate laboratory training and proctoring of the initial human POEM case(s). There is very strong consensus in favor of rigorous external accreditation and monitoring of outcomes to ensure competence and safety. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.
Vocal acoustic analysis as a biometric indicator of information processing: implications for neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Vocal expression reflects an integral component of communication that varies considerably within individuals across contexts and is disrupted in a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders. There is reason to suspect that variability in vocal expression reflects, in part, the availability of “on-line” resources (e.g., working memory, attention). Thus, understanding vocal expression is a potentially important biometric index of information processing, not only across but within individuals over time. A first step in this line of research involves establishing a link between vocal expression and information processing systems in healthy adults. The present study employed a dual attention experimental task where participants provided natural speech while simultaneously engaged in a baseline, medium or high nonverbal processing-load task. Objective, automated, and computerized analysis was employed to measure vocal expression in 226 adults. Increased processing load resulted in longer pauses, fewer utterances, greater silence overall and less variability in frequency and intensity levels. These results provide compelling evidence of a link between information processing resources and vocal expression, and provide important information for the development of an automated, inexpensive and uninvasive biometric measure of information processing.
Mechanix: A Sketch Recognition Truss Tutoring System

Mechanix is a sketch recogniton tool that provides an efficient means for engineering students to learn how to draw truss free-body diagrams (FBDs) and solve truss problems. The system allows students to sketch these FBDs into a tablet computer or by using a mouse just as they would by hand. Mechanix is then able to provide immediate feedback to the students and tells them if they are missing any components of the FBD, without providing answers. The program is also able to tell them whether their solved reaction or member forces are correct or not. This paper presents studies to evaluate the effectiveness and advantages of using Mechanix in the classroom, as a supplement to traditional teaching and learning methods. Current results demonstrate that students believe Mechanix enhances their learning and are highly engaged when using it. Future work on the refinement of the program is also discussed.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Liquid Fuel Combustion Using Heat Recirculation Through Annular Porous Media

A counter-flow annular heat recirculating burner was designed for lean prevaporized, premixed combustion. Prior to entering the combustor, the reactants are passed through a porous media-filled preheating annulus surrounding the combustor. Kerosene is dripped by gravity onto the porous media and vaporized by the heat conducted through the combustor wall. Experiments were conducted to evaluate heat transfer and combustion performance at various equivalence ratios, heat release rates, and inlet air temperatures. Results show low CO emissions over a range of equivalence ratios. NOx emissions were high at high heat release rates, indicating inadequate prevaporization and premixing of fuel with air. Heat recirculation and heat loss characteristics are presented at various operating conditions.
Imperial Transgressions and Spiritual Investitures: A Begam’s “Ascension” in Seventeenth Century Mughal India

Islamic jurisprudence and social customs regarding laws of inheritance privilege Muslim males as legitimate successors to family legacies and wealth. Furthermore, these heads of households were and are expected to sustain and uphold family values while representing the noble “face” of their legacies. Though women in pre-modern Islamic societies were awarded property and income to support them, they were neither required nor encouraged like their male counterparts to use their agencies or largesse to make banner representations of their lineage or heritage. This essay challenges androcentric ideas and practices surrounding Islamic laws of inheritance through the example of the Mughal princess Jahānārā Begam (1614-81) and her articulations of ascension. This analysis demonstrates how the princess’s extraordinary relationship with her emperor father, Shah Jahān (r. 1628-59), facilitated her spiritual and imperial achievements and elevated her rank in imperial and Sufi hierarchies.
Comparison of a-C:H films deposited from methane–argon and acetylene–argon mixtures by electron cyclotron resonance–chemical vapor deposition discharges

Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) films are deposited from methane–argon and acetylene–argon gas mixtures in a microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma reactor. The films deposited with the two different gas mixtures under similar input parameter conditions have substantially different properties, including deposition rate, mass density, optical absorption coefficient, refractive index, optical bandgap and hydrogen content. The deposition parameters varied include rf-induced dc substrate bias voltage (0 to −60 V), pressure (1–5 mTorr) and argon/hydrocarbon gas flow ratio (0–1.0). The discharge properties of the two different gas mixtures, including electron temperature, ion saturation current, and residual gas composition of the exit gas flow, are measured to help explain the different deposition results from the two different gas mixtures. The use of lower pressures is found to be critical for obtaining denser, lower hydrogen content films from acetylene. For the methane-deposited films the addition of argon to the discharge increased the film's mass density and lowered the hydrogen content. In both methane- and acetylene-based deposition processes the rf-induced bias is also a critical determining factor of film properties.
A 10Gb/s MLSE-based Electronic-Dispersion-Compensation IC with Fast Power-Transient Management for WDM Add/Drop Networks

In this paper, a receiver IC is designed to recover data and clock in OC-192 OADM-based SONET WDM metro and long-haul networks. This is an electrical solution integrated into the receiver IC to address the power-transient problem for OC-192 links. An electrical solution reduces the cost and simplifies the operation. As power-transient management is added to an existing MLSE-based electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) receiver, in this paper, the focus is primarily on the blocks related to the power-transient management functionality. The MLSE receiver is implemented via an AFE IC in a 0.18 mum SiGe BiCMOS process, and a digital (MLSE equalizer) IC in a 0.13 mum 1.2 V CMOS process, with both dies packaged in a 23times17 mm2 261-pin multi-chip module (MCM).
A Reevaluation of the Roles of the O2-Dependent and O2-Independent Microbicidal Systems of Phagocytes

In recent years the bactericidal and cytotoxic actions of phagocytes and particularly neutrophils have been attributed mainly to O2-dependent systems that depend on the accumulation of chemically reactive derivatives toxic to the bacteria. This view has been reexamined in the light of new observations on the properties and potency of O2-independent bactericidal proteins that have been purified from neutrophils. These proteins include several enzymes as well as a granule-associated protein that acts specifically against certain gram-negative bacteria. Exposure of susceptible bacteria to this latter protein produces three effects: loss of ability to multiply, a discrete increase in permeability of the outer membrane of the envelope, and activation in the bacterial envelope of degradative enzymes that act on phospholipids and peptidoglycan. It is concluded that effective antimicrobial activity rests on the coexistence of O2-independent bactericidal proteins that are highly specific for certain microbial species and O2-requiring systems that nonspecifically attack all cells.
Barriers to the identification and management of psychosocial issues in children and maternal depression

CONTEXT. Child psychosocial issues and maternal depression are underidentified and undertreated, but we know surprisingly little about the barriers to identification and treatment of these problems by primary care pediatricians. OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to determine whether (1) perceived barriers to care for children9s psychosocial issues and maternal depression aggregate into patient, physician, and organizational domains, (2) barrier domains are distinct for mothers and children, and (3) physician, patient, and practice/organizational characteristics are associated with different barrier domains for children and mothers. METHODS. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the 50818 US nonretired members of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Of a random sample of 1600 members, 832 (745 nontrainee members) responded. This was a mailed 8-page survey with no patients and no intervention. We measured physician assessment of barriers to providing psychosocial care for children9s psychosocial problems and maternal depression. RESULTS. Pediatricians frequently endorse the lack of time to treat mental health problems (77.0%) and long waiting periods to see mental health providers (74.0%) as the most important barriers to the identification and treatment of children9s psychosocial problems. For maternal depression, pediatricians most often endorsed lack of training in treatment (74.5%) and lack of time to treat (64.3%) as important barriers. Pediatricians9 reports of barriers clustered into physician and organizational domains. Physician domains were distinct for children and mothers, but organizational domains were not. Several physician and practice characteristics are significantly associated with the 4 barrier scales, and different characteristics (eg, sociodemographic, attitudinal, and practice features) were related to each barrier area. CONCLUSIONS. Pediatricians endorse a wide range of barriers with respect to the diagnosis and treatment of children9s mental health problems and maternal depression. The specificity of factors relating to various barrier areas suggests that overcoming barriers to the identification and treatment of child mental health problems and maternal depression in primary care pediatrics is likely to require a multifaceted approach that spans organizational, physician, and patient issues. In addition, comprehensive interventions will likely require social marketing approaches designed to engage diverse audiences of clinicians and their patients to participate.
Effect of Comestibles on Symptoms of Interstitial Cystitis

Purpose: Anecdotal evidence suggests that patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis report symptom exacerbation after consuming particular foods, beverages and/or supplements. We determined the prevalence of the effect of comestibles on painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis symptoms and identified particular comestible items more likely to affect such symptoms.Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire designed to detect whether food, beverages and/or supplements have an effect on bladder symptoms was administered to 104 patients meeting National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for interstitial cystitis. In addition to answering general questions about the effect of comestibles on painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis symptoms, subjects were asked to indicate whether each of 175 individual items worsened, improved or had no effect on symptoms. Each response was numerically scored on a scale of −2 to 2 and mean values were generat...
VARIATION OF TROPHIC FRACTIONS AND CONNECTANCE IN FOOD WEBS

We present and illustrate methods of analyzing food web structure based on generalized linear models. Applied to the published food webs of Schoenly et al., these methods reveal strong associations of trophic fractions and connectance with the number of species in the web. Furthermore, the nature of these relationships depends on the habitat type of the web. Measures of goodness-of-fit of the statistical models reveal pronounced overdispersion, i.e., web-to-web variation in trophic fractions and connectance that greatly exceeds the variation attributable to the number of species and habitat type of the web. These results suggest it may be difficult to identify laws governing food web properties over a wide range of organisms and habitats.
A Miniaturized Pneumograph Monitor

This pneumograph, by virtue of its small size and simplicity, has found application as a physiological monitor during anesthesia. The instrument measures chest and abdominal expansion and does not impede respiration or impose on the upper airway.
ONTOGENY AND PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS

— Dedifferentiation, paedomorphosis, and the insertion and deletion of developmental stages make it impossible to deduce the genealogical hierarchy from only ontogenetic transformation series. Like the outgroup criterion, ontogenetic character precedence is not theory-neutral and to use it to deduce genealogy requires certain assumptions. If scientists are going to use logically unbeatable theories about the world, they might as well give up natural science and take up religion (Lewontin, 1972: 181).
Global UX: design and research in a connected world by W. Quesenbery and D. Szuc; Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann and A web for everyone: designing accessible user experiences by S. Horton and W. Quesenbery; Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld media

In Global UX: Design and research in a connected world, Quesenbery and Szuc present a thoughtful and adaptable guide for the reader's individual needs or projects in relation to UX (user experience), regardless of the reader's experience level. Quesenbery and Szuc gathered material from 65 interviews of UX practitioners across the globe, and analyzed over 70 hours of interviews to represent current trends and personal experiences with UX. To highlight different voices and perspectives gathered from the interviews, the authors chose to provide multiple quotations and anecdotal, yet practical, stories to define UX terminology and concepts. Quesenbery and Szuc share many effective strategies for this process, while highlighting, through vignettes from their interviews, some of the difficulties and problem-solving strategies useful when working in UX on a global (or even local) scale. The book is divided into short, easily digestible chapters with infographics that summarize each chapter succinctly. This book provides enough structure to guide novice UX practitioners, while providing innovative anecdotes, tips, and strategies for more seasoned practitioners, as well. In addition, the information gathered from the interviews highlights the passion of those in UX, helping the reader to feel passionate about UX as well.
The ultrastructure of the cat olfactory bulb.

The fine structure of the olfactory bulb was investigated in the cat. Five types of bulbar neurons were identified on the basis of size, location, cytoplasmic organelles and synaptic complexes with the neuron perikaryon. The smallest diameter neurons were predominatly located in the glomerular and granule cell layers. Ultrastructural characteristics for these two neuron populations, viz., periglomerular and internal granule cells, were identical. Tufted cells, smaller in diameter than mitral cells, were located in the external plexiform and glomerular layers and possessed all the morphological characteristics of the mitral cells. Mitral cells were the largest bulbar neurons and were located in a single lamina. Stellate (short-axon) neurons were found in the glomerular, external plexiform and granule cell layers. Reciprocal synapses were observed in all laminae of the bulb except the primary olfactory nerve and deeper granule cell layers. Such synapses were found in the glomeruli, on tufted and mitral cells, in the neuropil of the external plexiform layer, and on the axon hillock and initial segments of the mitral cells. The morphology in the cat olfactory bulb corroborated bulbar ultrastructure described for other mammals.
Hydrodynamical red-shift phenomena in geophysics

By the term red-shift is here meant a transfer of spectral energy from smaller disturbances to larger ones in particular regions of the spectrum. An instance of such action is cited in the behavior of certain wind systems of the atmosphere. It is suggested that this process is given a unique average direction through the agency of friction which prevents too large an accumulation of energy in the graver modes of motion. A second probable similar circumstance is cited in the case of the Gulf Stream, for which proper, data have recently been obtained for the first time.
A cluster analytic approach to the study of organizations

Abstract Two hundred twenty-seven organizational units drawn from a variety of industries were cluster-analyzed on the basis of their similarities across 18 behavioral dimensions of effectiveness. Using a multivariate subgrouping procedure, eight homogeneous clusters of units were found, varying in size from eight to 65 units, and each characterized by a distinct behavioral profile. Within-cluster differences were described in terms of the 18 dimensions, overall unit effectiveness, and in terms of other “demographic” variables which were external to the clustering process. These variables included: unit function, work-setting dispersion, growth, technology employed, and skill level of the unit members. Significant relationships were found between the behavioral styles of the clusters on the one hand, and each of the demographic variables and the overall criterion of effectiveness, on the other. The rationale and benefits of clustering organizational units into groups were discussed, and further research ideas were proposed.
Large-scale phosphotyrosine proteomic profiling of rat renal collecting duct epithelium reveals predominance of proteins involved in cell polarity determination

Although extensive phosphoproteomic information is available for renal epithelial cells, previous emphasis has been on phosphorylation of serines and threonines with little focus on tyrosine phosph...
Sphingolipid levels in catfish consuming Fusarium moniliforme corn culture material containing fumonisins

Fumonisin, a secondary metabolite of Fusarium moniliforme, is frequently found in foods and feeds of humans and animals. Fumonisins are specific inhibitors of sphinganine (sphingosine) N-acyltransferase, a key enzyme in the pathway for de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and reacylation of sphingosine derived from dietary sources or complex sphingolipid turnover. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of F. moniliforme toxins on sphingolipids in year-2 channel catfish. In a 12-week feeding trial, four groups of catfish per treatment were fed pelleted balanced diets containing F. moniliforme cultured corn. The fumonisin B1 (FB1) concentrations in diets were 0.3 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 240 mg/kg. The free sphinganine to free sphingosine ratio was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated (with exception of brain) at 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg FB1 per kg diet in kidney, serum, liver and muscle, respectively. The increase in free sphingolipid ratios observed were found to be due to increases in the levels of free sphinganine in tissues. These results demonstrate that a mode of action of F. moniliforme toxins in catfish is similar to other species (ponies, pigs, rats), and is suggestive of fumonisin toxicity. It also demonstrated the potential diagnostic value of ratios of free sphingolipids in catfish.
Exact distribution-free tests for equality of several linear models

Exact tests for the equality of several linear models are developed using permutation techniques. Two cases of the linear model, characterized by either stochastic or nonstochastic predictors, are considered: the linear regression model (LRM) and the general linear model (GLM). A general class of test statistics using the volume of simplexes as the basic unit of analysis is proposed for this problem. The resulting class of statistics is shown to be a natural generalization of the multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) test statistics which have been shown to comprise many of the statistics used in both parametric and nonparametric analysis of the standard g—sample problem. In the LRM case, exact moments of all orders are derived for the permutation distribution of any test statistic in the general class. Moment-based approximation of significance levels is shown to be computationally feasible in the simple LRM.
Evaporative Evolution of Brines from Synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff Pore Water, Yucca Mountain, NV

We are investigating the evaporation of pore water representative of the designated high-level-nuclear-waste repository at Yucca Mountain, NV to predict the range of brine compositions that may contact waste containers. These brines could form potentially corrosive thin films on the containers and impact their long-term integrity. Here we report the geochemistry of a relatively complex synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff pore water that was progressively evaporated in a series of experiments. The experiments were conducted in a closed vessel, heated to 95 C, and purged with atmospheric CO{sub 2}. Aqueous samples of the evaporating solution were taken and analyzed to determine the evolving water chemistry, and the final solid precipitate was analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The synthetic Topopah Spring Tuff water evolved towards a complex brine that contains about 3 mol% SO{sub 4}, and 2 mol% Ca, 3 mol% K, 5 mol% NO{sub 3}, 40 mol% Cl, and 47 mol% Na. Trends in the solution data and identification of CaSO{sub 4} solids (anhydrite and bassanite) suggest that fluorite, carbonate, sulfate, and Mg-silicate precipitation minimize the corrosion potential of ''sulfate type pore water'' by removing F, Ca, and Mg during the early stages of evaporation.
Contrastiveness and faithfulness

A fundamental observation of phonological theory is that, out of the rich sound signal of speech, a small subset of phonetic properties is contrastive in any given language. Standardly, this observation is captured by excluding the non-distinctive phonetic properties from some levels of representation, yielding an abstract categorical representation of the contrasts among the speech sounds. Universally non-contrastive features have generally been assumed to be unspecified throughout the phonological component; thus, for example, Keating (1984) and Lombardi (1991) have argued against inclusion of particular laryngeal features in phonological representation on the grounds that they are never contrastive. Language-particular non-contrastive features have generally been assumed to be unspecified only in underlying representation and early stages of the derivation (e.g. Kiparsky 1982, Archangeli 1984, 1988, Archangeli & Pulleyblank 1986, 1994, Steriade 1987, Clements 1988). Moreover, since the discovery of extensive language-particular gradient alternations, it has standardly been assumed that a subsequent phonetic component is needed, to fill in gradient and universally non-contrastive properties (e.g. Pierrehumbert 1980, Keating 1990; but see Pierrehumbert 1994 for an attack on this view of the phonetics–phonology interface). This model is schematised in Fig. 1.
CT differentiation of large abdominal lymphangioma from ascites

Abdominal lymphangiomas are uncommon benign tumors, usually presenting in early childhood as a palpable abdominal mass5. Their sonographic and CT appearance has been well described, and usually consists of well-defined, thin-walled cysts which can be unilocular, or multiloculated, and may contain septations. Rarely, these cysts may be large enough to be confused with ascites on physical exam. We present such a case to emphasize the imaging features that may help in the differentiation between ascites and large mesenteric lymphangiomas.
Water Analysis: A Systems Approach Incorporating Linear Programming

This paper reviews an interactive, policy-oriented simulation model and introduces the addition of a water module. This module enables policymakers to estimate and analyze those direct and indirect socioeconomic effects on a regional economy, occurring over time, which are attributable to regional water supply constraints and water allocation decisions. In addition, this paper presents a hear-programming-based approach which can guide the user in making water parameter adjustments for a chosen objective. An empirical demonstration of the procedure based on the Minnesota state economy illustrates its usefulness.
Comprehension and prediction of astronaut dynamics

A robot collaborating with astronauts needs to comprehend and predict their movements. We present an approach to perceiving and modeling astronaut movement using a 3D virtual world. The robot's visual data is registered with the virtual world to construct a model of the astronauts' dynamics and predict future motions using a physics engine. This enables the robot to interact more naturally with the humans and to avoid potentially disastrous mistakes.
Analysis of clonal immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements in ocular lymphoma.

BACKGROUND. The morphologic diagnosis of primary and metastatic intraocular lymphoma (IOL) was made difficult by the paucicellular specimens with fragile populations of lymphocytes retrieved through pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). The analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements (AIGHR) was used as an adjunct to cytopathology and flow cytometry in systemic lymphoma. In IOL, the sensitivity and specificity of AIGHR are unknown. METHODS. The authors reviewed the clinical records of patients who underwent PPV for suspicion of IOL at the Immunology and Uveitis Service of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (Boston, MA) between 2000 and 2002. AIGHR was performed as a routine diagnostic test on cell lysates isolated from 0.5 mL of vitreous fluid. The authors used seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with consensus primers for the VDJ-region of the IgH gene. PCR products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS. Thirty patients (37 specimens) with chronic vitritis and 17 patients (23 specimens) with IOL were included. The specificity of vitreous fluid cytopathology, flow cytometry, and AIGHR was 1.0, and the sensitivity values were 0.24, 0.36, and 0.64, respectively. AIGHR was negative in two patients for whom cytopathology or flow cytometry revealed the diagnosis of lymphoma. Clonal IGHR was found in four specimens classified as negative for lymphoma based on cytopathology and flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS. AIGHR supplemented cytopathology and flow cytometry to increase the diagnostic yield in IOL. Cancer 2005;104:591–7. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Dynamics of Corotating Vortex Filaments Part 2: Experimental Results

frequencies using a shaker. The excitation frequency and its multiples have been shown to be present in the downstream flow. At each downstream position, the filaments have been shown to move along preferred directions, suggestingtheirtendencytoformplanarwaves,inclinedrelativetothelineconnectingthem.Theamplitudesofthese waves have been shown to grow, implying unstable interaction between the vortices. The angles of the planes containing the motion have been presented and compared with the predictions of two analytical models. The scatter inthedatapreventedquantitative comparisonwith theanalyticalpredictions. However,the flowisshownto contain all of the essential features predicted by two analytical models.
A Full Year Internship: An Example of School- University Collaboration

In the thirteen years of experience with a five-year program at the University of New Hampshire, the authors have found that most students progress in a predict able pattern through five areas of con cern during an internship. Knowledge of these five areas (Immersion, Adjust ment, Expansion, Analysis, and Autono my) has allowed them to plan an inte grated curriculum, combining the interns' experience with appropriate supervision and a supportive seminar.
Gelatin hydrogels formed by orthogonal thiol-norbornene photochemistry for cell encapsulation.

Covalently cross-linked gelatin hydrogels have received considerable attention in biomedical fields due to the inherent bioactivity of gelatin and the stability of covalent bonds linking the gelatin chains. Derivatives of gelatin, such as gelatin-methacrylamide (GelMA), can be cross-linked into covalent hydrogels through radical-mediated chain-growth photopolymerization. However, accumulating evidence suggests that chain-growth polymerized hydrogels may not be ideal for the encapsulation of cells and proteins prone to radical-mediated damage. The formation of heterogeneous kinetic chains following chain-growth polymerization of (meth)acrylates or (meth)acrylamides may also hinder molecular transport or alter cell–cell/cell–material interactions. This study presents a new synthesis route for preparing norbornene-functionalized gelatin (GelNB) that could be used to form orthogonally cross-linked gelatin-based hydrogels via a thiol–ene photo-click reaction. GelNB was synthesized through reacting gelatin with carbic anhydride in aqueous buffered solution, and the degree of norbornene substitution was controlled by adjusting the reaction time and the solution pH value. GelNB hydrogels were prepared by step-growth thiol–ene photopolymerization using multifunctional thiols as gel cross-linkers and the degree of GelNB hydrogel cross-linking was tuned by adjusting the thiol concentration, GelNB content, or cross-linker functionality. The cytocompatibility of orthogonally cross-linked GelNB hydrogels were demonstrated by in situ photo-encapsulation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). When compared with the chain-growth GelMA hydrogels, the orthogonally cross-linked GelNB hydrogel promoted a faster and higher degree of cell spreading.
A comparative analysis of the hardware requirements for the Lagrange-Euler and Newton-Euler dynamics formulations

In a previous paper (1987), the authors proposed a parallel computational scheme that is based on the mathematical decomposition of the equations into their primitive matrix/vector arithmetic operations. It was shown that the mathematical decomposition scheme provides an efficient mechanism to reduce the computational cycle of both the Newton-Euler (N-E) and the Lagrange-Euler (L-E) formulations. In the present paper, the N-E and L-E equations are analyzed from a hardware perspective and the results for each are compared. The analysis shows that N-E is more efficient than L-E from the computational as well as the hardware point of view. >
Influence of Mechanical Collection on Electrostatic Precipitator Sparkover Voltage---A Laboratory Simulation

Experiments were conducted to study the effects that a mechanical collector might have on sparkover voltage in an electro-static precipitator located downstream. The test equipment for determing sparkover voltage was designed to simulate the corona wires and collector plate of an electrostatic precipitator. The flyash that was used in all sparkover tests was collected from precipitator hoppers in systems where no mechanical collector had been installed.
Acute liver failure and transplantation in children

Acute liver failure (ALF) was relatively easy to recognise in the days before liver transplantation became available as rescue therapy, because the diagnosis was based on end-stage disease manifestations such as profound coagulopathy, jaundice, encephalopathy and cerebral oedema (in a patient with no history of chronic liver disease). These criteria no longer help us in an era in which we struggle to define which patients are going to progress to this end-stage picture in the time necessary for evaluation and listing for life-saving transplantation. Ideally, identifying which patients will recover spontaneously or with appropriate treatment would relieve the justifiable concern that some patients receive a transplant when, given time, they would have recovered. Currently, the data to guide us in avoiding death without transplantation and unnecessary transplantation remain elusive.