cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DEMOCRACIA ROMANTIZADA, FRAGMENTAÇÃO POLÍTICA E O DECLÍNIO DO GOVERNO NORTE-AMERICANO

American democratic romanticism contributes to the current dysfunctionality of the institutions of American government, or so this article argues. Three lines of thought are developed that shape this argument. First, to understand the paralysis of current American government, it is as important to focus on the problem of “political fragmentation” as on the extreme polarization of the political parties. By fragmentation, I mean both the internal diffusion of political power away from the party leadership into the hands of individual members, and the external diffusion of power away from the parties to non-party organizations. Today's political polarization is a product of long-term historical processes and likely to be enduring; as a result, deals across party lines are most likely to come from party leaders, who have the strongest incentive to make the party label attractive to the largest electorate. But party leaders can do so only if they can press their recalcitrant members to join the deal; political fragmentation makes that more difficult to achieve. And the communications revolution and online fundraising now enable individual officeholders to function more as independent entrepreneurs than in the past. Second, America’s unique democratic culture and institutional design contribute to political fragmentation. Our system is much more individualistic and populist in structure than that of other mature democracies. Campaign finance laws, for example, are based on the idea of an individualistic, candidate-centered system of elections, rather than one in which the central organizations of politics – the political parties – play a central role. In the particular American version of “democratic accountability,” our officeholders are subject to more frequent elections, including primaries, than elected officials elsewhere; we elect vastly more officials, including judges and prosecutors, than any other country; much of our political reform efforts seek a greater participatory role for the individual citizen. Many current proposals for changing campaign finance, for example, seek to empower “small donors,” or to give individual citizens vouchers they can use to fund candidates. But reason exists for concern that doing so will fuel political fragmentation and make effective governance more difficult, to the extent individual donations are likely to flow to more ideologically extreme, polarizing candidates. Third, a different direction for reform would seek to empower the forces of centrism and to focus more on organizational power in politics than on individuals. To resist political fragmentation, reform efforts can seek to strengthen the role of political parties and party leaders, so that individual members will have less of an effective veto power. This article suggests several different specific policies in the campaign finance area that might do so by giving political parties a greater role in the campaign finance system.
Effect of Posttrial Visual Feedback and Fatigue During Drop Landings on Patellofemoral Joint Stress in Healthy Female Adults

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is common in females. Patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS) may be important in the development of PFP. Ground reaction force (GRF) during landing activities may impact PFJS. Our purpose was to determine how healthy females alter their landing mechanics using visual posttrial feedback on their GRF and assess how PFJS changes. Seventeen participants performed a series of drop landings during 3 conditions: baseline, feedback, and postfatigue feedback. The fatigue protocol used repetitive jump squats. Quadriceps force was estimated through inverse-dynamics-based static optimization approach. Then, PFJS was calculated using a musculoskeletal model. Multivariate differences were shown across conditions (P = .01). Univariate tests revealed differences in PFJS (P = .014), knee range of motion (P = .001), and GRF (P = .005). There were no differences in quadriceps force (P = .125). PFJS and GRF decreased from baseline to feedback (P = .002, P = .007, respectively), while PFJS increased from...
Epilepsy and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Single Center’s Experience

Epilepsy is a common manifestation of mitochondrial disease. In a large cohort of children and adolescents with mitochondrial disease (n = 180), over 48% of patients developed seizures. The majorit...
You Can’t Un-See Color: A Ph.D., A Divorce, and The Wizard of Oz

In this chapter, I intertwine my own narratives with Dorothy’s in The Wizard of Oz to tease apart the knotty relationship between selfishness and self-care that I experience as a woman academic. Like Dorothy’s adventures through Oz, my progression through my Ph.D. was wrought with tension as I struggled through a divorce, to care for my physical and emotional well-being and to strike a balance between my work and personal lives. Although I expected (and hoped) to one day pull back the Wizard’s curtain to find quick solutions to these challenges, I ultimately found that, for me, the line between selfishness and self-care is both fine and gendered, and that self-care is an ongoing quest, rather than a clear destination.
THE CLASSIFICATION OF ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the classification of adrenergic receptors. Classification of receptors has two bases: (1) analysis of the orders of potency of a closely related series of agonists on effector systems and (2) selective blockade of responses to agonists. The first method, analysis of the orders of potency of agonists, is based on the assumption that a given type of receptor, regardless of its distribution in various tissues, will react optimally with one agonist of a given series. The most powerful tool for the classification of receptors, however, is selective blockade. The chapter highlights the schemes for classification of adrenergic receptors into two main classes, alpha and beta, by comparison of orders of potency of agonists and by selective blockade. It also shows the more recent subdivision of beta adrenergic receptors into two subclasses, beta 1 and beta 2 . The latter sub-classification appears to be valid on the basis of orders of potency and selective blockade.
Protecting Citizens and Their Speech: Balancing National Security and Free Speech When Prosecuting the Material Support of Terrorism

Federal law criminalizes a variety of terrorist activities, including the use of violence or certain weaponry such as chemical or biological weapons. Yet, these laws do not provide prosecutors with the necessary tools to prosecute those terrorists who die in the attacks, evade capture. Nor does it empower law enforcement to go after the supporters of those committing acts of terrorism. Moreover, the nature of law and policy in the post 9/11 world implicates fundamental questions about strategy, tactics, criminal justice, and the ontological nature of the war on terror. Due in part to these challenges, Congress criminalized the act of providing material support to a designated foreign terrorist organization. Resulting laws and regulations have led to restrictions and limits on the freedom of speech. Looking to the First Amendment analysis of various campaign finance law challenges provides a comparable framework for addressing freedom of speech concerns in the context of national security. Moreover, borrowing from campaign finance law provides assistance in addressing obstacles faced by prosecutors, defense attorneys, and practitioners seeking to advise clients on their potential criminal liability.
Interprofessional Education and Development (IPED): A longitudinal team-based learning course introducing teamwork/collaboration, values/ethics, and safety/quality to health professional students

Abstract The task of developing large-scale interprofessional education (IPE) across multiple health professions schools to meet accreditation standards is daunting. This curricular resource describes Interprofessional Education and Development (IPED), a required longitudinal course addressing essential interprofessional competencies for entry-level health professions students. Competency domains include teamwork/collaboration, values/ethics, and quality/safety. Materials developed by interprofessional curriculum committees include content from our longstanding Ethics in the Health Profession course 1 as well as TEAMSTEPPS 2 and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) Open School. 3 IPED uses team-based learning (TBL) methodology to create active individual and team learning experiences standardized for a large number of student teams using a small number of faculty. As outcomes of the course, students are able to: 1. Demonstrate knowledge, skills and behaviors of teamwork/collaboration, values/ethics, and quality/safety as an interprofessional team member. 2. Demonstrate collaboration, teaming skills and behaviors as an interprofessional team. 3. Identify the unique roles and responsibilities of each health care professional within the interprofessional team. 4. Articulate a shared, interprofessional identity as a health care professional. Individual readiness assurance tests (iRAT) and final exam scores demonstrate knowledge acquisition across competency domains for each student (Outcome 1). Team readiness assurance test (tRAT) scores demonstrate team acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities (Outcome 2). Students’ self-assessed ability to explain skills necessary for effective team functioning (Outcome 2) and roles and responsibilities (Outcome 3) increase significantly from before to after the course. The majority of students agree that IPED improves their ability to work collaboratively with other health professionals, and helps prepare them to participate as a member of a collaborative interprofessional workforce (Outcome 4). This intervention is important because it demonstrates that large-scale IPE for entry-level health professions students is feasible in a longitudinal TBL format, and that it successfully develops necessary baseline knowledge and skills for interprofessional practice.
Inauguración del Congreso de ALAP, Puebla, México, 2018

Es para mi un honor poder compartir con ustedes esta sesion inaugural. El Fondo de Poblacion de las Naciones Unidas (UNFPA) se siente orgulloso de poder patrocinar y apoyar de manera decidida la realizacion de este nuevo Congreso de la Asociacion Latinoamericana de Poblacion (ALAP), aqui en la ciudad de Puebla, que en lo personal me trae algunos recuerdos importantes. Fue en la Universidad Autonoma de Puebla donde consegui mi primer puesto de docente-investigador, en el Departamento de Antropologia Social, habiendo terminado recien la Maestria en Ciencias Sociales de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO)-Mexico. Aqui tambien nacio mi hija mayor, a principios de los anos ochenta (...)
Rastelli Operation for D-Transposition of the Great Arteries, Ventricular Septal Defect, and Pulmonary Stenosis.

Objectives:Our preferred approach for the surgical treatment of patients with D-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis has been the Rastelli operatio...
Phorboxazole synthetic studies. 1. Construction of a C(3-19) subtarget exploiting an extension of the Petasis-Ferrier rearrangement.

In this, the first of two Letters, we outline our overall strategy for the total synthesis of phorboxazoles A (1) and B (2), rare oxazole-containing macrolides possessing extraordinary antimitotic activity, and describe the assembly of a C(3−19) subtarget (−)-5 for the total synthesis of phorboxazole A. The synthesis of (−)-5 was achieved in 15 linear steps (12% overall yield), exploiting a modification of the Petasis−Ferrier rearrangement to construct the C(11−15) cis-tetrahydropyran. Dimethylaluminum chloride (Me2AlCl) proved to be the Lewis acid of choice for the Petasis−Ferrier rearrangement.
Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Camp: Updates Following 2019 Course Expansion.

Abstract The Inaugural 2018 Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Camp successfully launched a collaborative effort to better prepare medical students pursuing careers in neurological surgery. In 2019, the Medical Student Neurosurgery Training Camp expanded to two campus to better facilitate student participation. Additionally, the new, pilot curriculum emphasized more hands-on experience, which was generally well received. Overall, student participation and preparation improved in 2019. The Medical Student Training Camp aims to continue expansion in 2020 and develop tools that relieve the administrative burdens place on student planning committees.
Professionalization Pedagogy: The Use of Managerial Virtues to Facilitate Student Identity Work

We posit that management educators should embrace identity work as a means to foster students’ emergent professional identities and post- graduate career attainments. We look to medical and law sch...
Endoscopic Treatments for Barrett’s Esophagus

Endoscopic interventions for Barrett’s esophagus are highly effective techniques for eradication of Barrett’s-associated dysplastic regions and superficial adenocarcinoma confined to the esophageal mucosa. Treatments include both ablative therapies and excisional techniques, which are applied in an independent or sequential fashion.
Reaching Across the Institutional Aisle: Student Motivation to Navigate Higher Education

The challenge in the retention world is the one-size-fits-all approach, which negates the differences in student backgrounds, student choice, student preparation, and ultimately student motivation. The differences in student backgrounds, student choice, and student preparation seem to dissipate once students matriculate at the university. The dependence on predictive analytics, forecasting, econometric modeling, predictive modeling, data analysis, and other scientifically-generated methods tend to be the opposite extreme from humanistic-based initiatives. To address this dichotomy, we chose to pursue a path that combines academic empowerment and student success strategies for supporting our students and their goals. This study examines college students' self-reported successes and barriers that guide them to graduation or keep them from being successful. These differences in student motivation for persistence to graduation are seen from the perspective of African American students at a U.S.A. mid-western, predominantly white institution of higher education. These ideas can be applied to student engagement with academic excellence and social success in that involvement in a social community is key to being academically successful. This study, similar to other student support endeavors, can provide higher education faculty a better understanding of the motivation for college students, which can translate to academic success and not be another barrier to African American students.
Ericka Johnson (2017) Gendering Drugs. Feminists Studies of Pharmaceuticals. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan

This book wants to analyse the intersection between drugs and gender. On the one hand, drugs can be gendered and tailored to focus on either men or women. On the other hand, they articulate gendered subjectivities for us, so they can engender us. This work has taken its theoretical perspective from feminist techno-science studies. From a posthuman approach, analysis extends to nonhumans as active agents. A feminist critique is included with the concern for masculinities, non-binary sex/gender understandings and the intersection with race, class, sexuality and global inequalities. The book has used a wide fieldwork, as drug pharmaceutical advertisements, medical guidelines and the experience of some of the people directly affected by the side effects of some of tools for health. It is a relevant contribution for it is an approach to gender construction from nonhumans, which highlight the subjective processes in science. It throws some light on the construction of bodies and subjects in relation to pharmaceuticals, and the multiplicity of such material-discursive entanglement from a critical perspective of the biomedical power.
Assessing new child welfare worker competency through social simulation with standardized clients: rubric development and pilot testing

Child welfare training programs for new employees strive to develop and implement competency-based training approaches. The authors of this article describe the development and validation of a rubr...
Placard in Hand: A Simple, Inexpensive Intervention to Improve On-Treatment Visit Compliance in a Safety Net Radiation Oncology Patient Population.

PURPOSE:On-treatment visits (OTVs) for patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) should occur every five fractions. Compliance with OTVs was identified as a potential issue in a safety-net patient popu...
Holomorphic disks, link invariants and the multi-variable Alexander polynomial

The knot Floer homology is an invariant of knots in S3 whose Euler characteristic is the Alexander polynomial of the knot. In this paper we generalize this to links in S3 giving an invariant whose Euler characteristic is the multi-variable Alexander polynomial. We study basic properties of this invariant, and give some calculations.
Combined ab-initio and empirical model for irradiated metal alloys with a focus on uranium alloy fuel thermal conductivity

Abstract In this work, we developed a model framework of thermal conductivity of irradiated metal and metal alloys based on density functional theory calculations and experimental data. The model incorporates the contributions of point defects (vacancies and transmutation products), grain boundaries, and noble gas bubbles (inter- and intra-granular) resulting from irradiation into the overall thermal conductivity. The model is demonstrated on U-Mo alloys and displays semi-quantitative agreement with experimental data, with a root-mean-square error of about 1 W/m-K (≈9% error versus experiment) over the typical operating temperature and burn-up range for U-Mo alloys. This work provides insight into the relationships of the thermal conductivity changes resulting from the different irradiation-induced changes in microstructure over a wide range of temperatures, and shows that scattering of electrons from point defects produces the majority of the thermal conductivity reduction of U-Mo alloys under irradiation. Specifically, the effect of point defects decreases the thermal conductivity by about 20% when burn-up >20% (e.g., 50% burn-up), while grain boundary and gas bubble formation contribute only about another 10% reduction at 50% burn-up. The ability of our model to individually quantify the effect of different irradiation-related defects on the thermal conductivity as a function of temperature, composition, and irradiation conditions offers both a powerful tool for quantitative semi-empirical modeling of thermal conductivity in irradiated metals and materials design insight for the control of thermal conductivity in metal alloys in applications experiencing irradiation, such as next-generation nuclear reactors.
Newborn with Failure to Thrive and Diarrhea.

A 33-day-old, small-for-gestational age female infant born at term to a 37-year-old gravida 2 mother with 1 previous miscarriage is admitted to the NICU. Family history showed no consanguinity. The antenatal course was complicated by fetal growth restriction which was first noticed on the antenatal scan at 12 weeks’ gestation. The mother did not have gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, or any chronic illness. She was a nonsmoker and did not have short stature. The infant was delivered at 37 weeks’ gestation via cesarean section with a birthweight of 1,704 g (<3rd percentile). Apgar scores were 9 at 1 and 5 minutes. Her length (40 cm) and occipitofrontal circumference (30 cm) at birth were also less than the 3rd percentile as per the Fenton chart. She was discharged from the hospital on day 3 after birth. She was exclusively breastfed at home. She is now readmitted to the NICU on day 33 because of failure to thrive. On examination, she is hemodynamically stable with normal vital signs, pink extremities, active, crying, demanding feeds. She consumes 50 to 60 mL of milk at a time. Facial dysmorphism is noticed in the form of a widened nasal bridge, coarse facial features, and hypertelorism (Fig 1). She weighs 1,830 g at admission as opposed to the expected weight of 2,200 g. She shows no signs of dehydration and no hepatosplenomegaly is noted. Figure 1. Infant with facial dysmorphism. ### Differential Diagnosis The infant underwent investigation for failure to thrive. In the nursery, she consumed an adequate amount of milk (200–250 mL/kg per day), which ruled out faulty feeding as a cause of …
Financial and medicolegal implications of focused/fast abdominopelvic MRI exams.

Abbreviated MRI offers significant advantages in terms of MRI throughput, patient tolerance and expediency, and is being utilized for a variety of abdominopelvic imaging applications. However questions abound with respect to financial and medicolegal treatment of these relatively new protocols. A review of the relevant literature was performed. There is no Current Procedural Terminology code for a “limited” MRI study, but it may not be appropriate to bill an abbreviated study the same as a more comprehensive study. With respect to medicolegal concerns, the risk of liability when missing or misinterpreting medically significant findings due to use of an abbreviated scan will turn on whether abbreviated MRI has become the standard of care. In light of these ambiguities, it would behoove abdominopelvic imagers to advocate for their professional and subspecialty organizations to issue practice parameters/guidelines with respect to the utilization of abbreviated MRI protocols, and for the subspecialty to bill these abbreviated scans at objectively reasonable rates.
Lead-Cooled Fast Reactors

This chapter describes fast neutron reactors utilizing either of two so-called Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants; namely, lead (Pb) and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), both having significantly higher densities and boiling temperatures than sodium. At the current time, the main driver for interest in such reactors is the potential for reductions in the nuclear power plant capital cost per unit electrical power, realized by taking advantage of the particular properties of the Heavy Liquid Metal Coolant. A lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) is not a sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) with a different coolant. Effective LFR designs differ in significant ways from SFR designs and the coolant technologies for the Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants are significantly different from the coolant technology for sodium. The present chapter discusses the distinctive features of the Heavy Liquid Metal Coolants and their consideration in LFR design. Three examples of LFR concepts are described.
Block-length dependent thresholds in block-sparse compressed sensing

One of the most basic problems in compressed sensing is solving an under-determined system of linear equations. Although this problem seems rather hard certain l1-optimization algorithm appears to be very successful in solving it. The recent work of [14, 28] rigorously proved (in a large dimensional and statistical context) that if the number of equations (measurements in the compressed sensing terminology) in the system is proportional to the length of the unknown vector then there is a sparsity (number of non-zero elements of the unknown vector) also proportional to the length of the unknown vector such that l1-optimization algorithm succeeds in solving the system. In more recent papers [78,81] we considered the setup of the so-called block-sparse unknown vectors. In a large dimensional and statistical context, we determined sharp lower bounds on the values of allowable sparsity for any given number (proportional to the length of the unknown vector) of equations such that an l2/l1-optimization algorithm succeeds in solving the system. The results established in [78, 81] assumed a fairly large block-length of the block-sparse vectors. In this paper we consider the block-length to be a parameter of the system. Consequently, we then establish sharp lower bounds on the values of the allowable block-sparsity as functions of the block-length.
Spectroscopic Applications of STM and AFM in Electrochemistry

The sections in this article are Introduction Electrochemical STM—Elementary Concepts Electrochemical AFM—Elementary Concepts Selective Examples of Applications Tunneling Spectroscopy Redox States Molecular Identifications Molecular Electronics Force Spectroscopy Double-layer Forces Solvation Forces Surface Stress Conclusion Acknowledgments
An organizational assessment process in support of enterprise transformation

This paper provides a model of organizational assessment that in support of enterprise transformation. We argue that the assessment process spans beyond performing the assessment itself. For the assessment to provide the expected benefit, organizations must first of all create an environment ensuring a clear understanding of the role assessment plays in the enterprise transformation process. To this end they must promote open and frequent discussion about the current state of the enterprise and future goals. The assessment process must be carefully planned to ensure it runs effectively and efficiently and that assessment results are accurate and reliable. Assessment results must be analyzed and turned into specific recommendations and action plans. At the same time, the assessment process itself must be evaluated and adjusted, if necessary, for the next assessment cycle. Based on literature review and case studies of four large aerospace companies, we recommend a five-phase assessment process model that includes mechanisms to change organizational behavior through pre-assessment phases. It also allows for adjustment of the assessment process itself based on the results and experience of participants so that it better suits the organization's needs and practices.
Durable response with a combination of imatinib and sorafenib in KIT exon 17 mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Imatinib, a selective KIT tyrosine-kinase inhibitor is considered standard first line therapy in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, up to 40-50% of patients develop resistance to imatinib resulting in progression of disease. Other kinase inhibitors such as sunitinib, and most recently regorafenib have been approved as second and third line options respectively. Sorafenib has also been used following progression on standard therapies. Here we present the case of a patient with stage IV GIST of the rectum who had a rare exon 17 mutation treated prior to the approval of regorafenib. Therapy initially consisted of single agent imatinib, followed by sunitinib then sorafenib. Following continued progression of disease, the patient went on to develop stable disease for close to two years on a combination of sorafenib and imatinib.
Assessing Latino Public Opinion on Foreign Affairs and Its Potential Impact on the 2012 Presidential Election

As the Latina population of the United States grows and the “Sleeping Giant” is expected to play a more significant role in the nation’s elections and governance more attention must be paid to the factors influencing Latina public opinion and political behavior on a myriad of issues. While there is a growing literature addressing Latina partisanship and opinion on issues such as morality and social welfare programs, there is a dearth of information regarding their opinion on foreign affairs and policy outside of Latin America. We review the limited studies that exist examining Latina opinion on policy issues and then explain why this can and will matter in Latina voting behavior and finally, using data from the 2006 Pew Hispanic Center survey on Latinas and Religion in the U.S., we explain how such factors as religion, country of origin and ideology influence Latina public opinion on foreign affairs demonstrating a need for much greater study in this area.
Heidegger’s Fundamental Ontology and the Problem of Animal Life

While Heidegger privileges the role of language ( logos ) as the condition for being-in-the-world, the fundamental ontology ignores how logos is informed by our bodily comportment to the world as animals. This capacity for logos ultimately depends upon the capacities we share with members of other animal species. Although Aristotle privileges logos as distinctive to the human being, logos also maintains an aporetic relationship to the other capacities of the soul. If we are to reexamine Heidegger’s debt to Aristotle, we might begin by retrieving Heidegger’s interpretation of logos as an ontological problem for distinguishing Dasein from animal life.
Omeprazole versus H2-receptor antagonists in treating patients with peptic stricture and esophagitis

Abstract Background/Aims: Although dysphagia in patients with peptic stricture is attributed to a decreased luminal diameter, coexistent esophagitis may be an equally important cause. The goals of this study were to determine whether medical healing of esophagitis in patients with stricture improves dysphagia and decreases dilatation need and to compare the efficacy and costeffectiveness of omeprazole versus H 2 -receptor antagonists (H 2 RA). Methods: Thirty-four dysphagic patients with peptic stricture and erosive esophagitis were dilated and randomized to omeprazole 20 mg every day versus H 2 RA (ranitidine 150 mg twice daily or famotidine 20 mg twice daily). Patients received further dilatations only if dysphagia frequency was greater than or equal to once per week. At 3 and 6 months, patients were assessed for esophagitis healing, dysphagia relief, and bougienage requirements. Cost-effectiveness of omeprazole and H 2 RA was determined. Results: Patients with healed esophagitis at 3 and 6 months were more likely to be dysphagia-free and to require fewer dilatations than patients with persistent esophagitis. At 6 months, omeprazole produced a significantly ( P 2 RA. Omeprazole was also 40%-50% more cost-effective. Conclusions: Esophagitis healing improves dysphagia and decreases dilatation need in patients with peptic stricture. Omeprazole heals esophagitis and relieves dysphagia more efficaciously than H 2 RA while decreasing costs to patients.
The Information Content of Changes in Financial Leverage

We show a significantly negative association between changes in financial leverage and contemporaneous risk-adjusted stock returns. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in financial leverage are affected by and, therefore, signal changes in underlying operating performance. Furthermore, we find that changes in financial leverage are also negatively associated with future risk-adjusted returns. We show that changes in financial leverage are correlated with future changes in return on equity, which may partially explain the anomalous pattern in future returns.
When the customer is the patient: Lessons from healthcare research on patient satisfaction and service quality ratings

Abstract As customer satisfaction and service quality have become increasingly important, management scholars have developed an impressive body of research regarding their antecedents. However, important gaps remain regarding satisfaction in diverse populations, better specifying practices and mechanisms, and the forms and effects of co-production practices. Oft-overlooked health services research on patient satisfaction and experience provides evidence of how the sector manages the extreme complexity, co-production, and intangibility of health care delivery where the financial and human consequences of low quality are high. Consequently, health care organizations, out of necessity, have developed specific practices to manage complexity and diversity (cultural competence and relational work systems), intangibility (compassion practices), and co-production (patient-centered care) to customize care and improve patient satisfaction and service quality. We also discuss the interpersonal processes (e.g., empathic communication) by which they do so. Then, we briefly explore unique temporal dynamics of care delivery and its measurement over time, and conclude with implications for future research on customer satisfaction and service quality (e.g., novel practices in health care as natural experiments) and patient satisfaction and service quality (e.g., building on management research to examine the effects of leadership, service climate, and emotional labor).
Institutional Review of Compliance With NCCN Guidelines for Breast Cancer: Lessons Learned From Real-Time Multidimensional Synoptic Reporting

Background Variations exist in compliance with NCCN Guidelines. Prior reports of adherence to NCCN Guidelines contain limitations because of lack of contemporary review and incomplete listing of reasons for noncompliance. Purpose To assess institutional compliance and assist national quality improvement strategies through identifying valid reasons for noncompliance. Methods Compliance with NCCN Guidelines was recorded prospectively using electronic synoptic templates for patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer treated at a single institution between January 2010 and December 2011. Compliance with NCCN Guidelines was recorded. The accuracy of real-time synoptic auditing methods compared with retrospective chart review and reasons for noncompliance was assessed. SAS 9.3 software was used for data analysis. Results Compliance with NCCN Guidelines among 395 patients was 94% for initial staging evaluation, 97% for surgery, 91% for chemotherapy, 89% for hormone therapy, 91% for radiation therapy, 85% for follow-up, and 100% for determination of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor and HER2 status. Age, comorbidities, and stage influenced guideline compliance. The most common reasons for noncompliance were patient refusal, patient choice after shared decision-making, and overuse of testing. Synoptic templated reporting was accurate in 97% patients. Conclusions High compliance with NCCN Guidelines was demonstrated. Reasons for noncompliance were identifiable. Compliance and nonadherence can be evaluated quickly with electronic synoptic reporting. This allows real-time action plans to address quality concerns and aids national risk adjustment for comparison and benchmarking.
Large-vessel vasculitis.

Introduction The vasculitides and their treatments pose great risks for patients and difficult challenges for physicians. Clinicians are confronted with the task of treating diseases for which the understanding of pathophysiology is incomplete and the etiologies, in most cases, remain unknown. Nevertheless, the past several years have witnessed studies of systemic vasculitis on an unprecedented scale, including multicenter clinical trials. In this 2-part series, we review the recent vasculitis literature with the intention of addressing questions that confront physicians regarding the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. This first article focuses on the large-vessel vasculitides—giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu’s arteritis (TA). The second article will focus on questions relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of smalland medium-vessel vasculitides.
Ontogenetic body-mass scaling of resting metabolic rate covaries with species-specific metabolic level and body size in spiders and snakes.

Abstract According to common belief, metabolic rate usually scales with body mass to the 3/4-power, which is considered by some to be a universal law of nature. However, substantial variation in the metabolic scaling exponent ( b ) exists, much of which can be related to the overall metabolic level ( L ) of various taxonomic groups of organisms, as predicted by the recently proposed metabolic-level boundaries (MLB) hypothesis. Here the MLB hypothesis was tested using data for intraspecific (ontogenetic) body-mass scaling of resting metabolic rate in spiders and boid snakes. As predicted, in both animal groups b varies mostly between 2/3 and 1, and is significantly negatively related to L . L is, in turn, negatively related to species-specific body mass ( M m : estimated as the mass at the midpoint of a scaling relationship), and as a result, larger species tend to have steeper metabolic scaling slopes ( b ) than smaller species. After adjusting for the effects of M m , b and L are still negatively related, though significantly only in the spiders, which exhibit a much wider range of L than the snakes. Therefore, in spiders and snakes the intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass itself scales with interspecific variation in both metabolic level and body mass.
Malakoplakia of the prostate.

Malakoplakia of the prostate is a rarely reported granulomatous inflammatory disorder which may clincally mimic carcinoma of the prostate gland. A case of a 70-year-old man, with long follow-up, is reported. Histologic diagnosis allows for effective antibiotic treatment.
A new operational paradigm for oil operations in sensitive environments: an analysis of social pressure, corporate capabilities and competitive advantage

Against the historical and sociopolitical backdrop of foreign oil operations in Latin America and the competitive drive for greater access to new oil fields in sensitive areas, the oil industry finds itself rethinking traditional approaches to operations in these particular locations. Some firms have separately designed a new operational paradigm that proactively addresses their social and environmental impacts. Adopting this approach, the companies developed new internal capabilities. These new capabilities are examined within the framework of the natural-resource-based view of the firm. This framework is extended to account for the particular capabilities acquired by adopting the new operational paradigm in developing countries. This extended framework demonstrates that these firms may earn sustained competitive advantage through these capabilities. Proactive multinational oil companies may have greater access to sensitive areas than their competitors due to enhanced reputation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The patterns of relapse in osteosarcoma: The memorial Sloan‐Kettering experience

Background With the introduction of intensive high-dose chemotherapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma, changes in the pattern of metastases observed at relapse have been reported. To further investigate this hypothesis, the relapse patterns among groups receiving chemotherapy regimens of variable intensity at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center were analyzed. Procedure All patients treated with the protocols T4, T5, T7, T10, and T12 were included. Patients were divided into two groups, one including those patients treated with less intense therapy (T4, T5, and T7) and the other, those treated with current regimens (T10 and T12). Results Of the 25 patients who relapsed on the earlier protocols, 76% relapsed to the lungs, 8% had local recurrences, and 16% distant metastases to the bone. The median time to first relapse was 12 months. Of the 69 patients who relapsed on the T10 and T12 protocols, 75% relapsed in the lungs, 9% had local recurrences, and 16% distant bone metastases. The median time to first relapse was 17 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the timing of relapse between the two groups studied, although a longer median time to relapse was observed for patients treated on the later protocols. The range of time to relapse was also wider in the later protocols. Conclusions These data do not support the hypothesis that patterns of relapse are changing with alterations in osteosarcoma treatment. This limited single institutional experience can be explored further in the context of a multi-institutional effort. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On the Mechanism and Stoichiometry of the Oxidation of Hydrazine by Illuminated Chloroplasts

Hydrazine can support a rapid oxygen uptake in illuminated chloroplasts. The oxygen uptake rate is inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea but is only slightly increased by added methyl viologen, and little H(2)O(2) is produced. The pH optimum for hydrazine-dependent oxygen uptake is much higher than that of the Hill reaction. Addition of Mn (II) increases the rate of oxygen uptake in the light and causes the reaction to continue in the dark, the dark rate being dependent on the duration of the preceding light period. Flash yield experiments show that at least six electrons are transferred from hydrazine per flash compared to one electron per flash when water is the electron donor.We conclude that most of the oxygen uptake in the presence of hydrazine is due to a direct oxidation of the hydrazine by oxygen which is catalyzed by some factor, possibly Mn (III), produced by chloroplasts in the light. Other artificial electron donors are shown to support such artefactual oxygen uptake to varying extents.
A computational model of flow between the microscale respiratory structures of fish gills

The gills of most teleost fishes are covered by plate-like structures, the secondary lamellae, that provide the bulk of the respiratory surface area. Water passing over the secondary lamellae exchanges gases with blood passing through the secondary lamellae, forming a system that has served as a classic model of counter-current exchange. In this study, a computational model of flow around the secondary lamellae is used to examine the hydrodynamic consequences of changes to the lamellar morphology. Consistent with previous studies, the interlamellar distance is found to strongly affect the hydrodynamic resistance of the gills. However, the presence of a small gap between the tips of the secondary lamellae is found to have a similarly strong effect on the hydrodynamic resistance and flow patterns within the gills. The results from this model have been generally formulated, allowing the calculation of the hydrodynamic resistance for measured morphometric parameters. These results provide a new basis for comparing theoretical predictions of the gill resistance with measured values, and provide a general model for examining the diversity gill morphologies observed in teleost fishes.
Dissociation Channels of the 1-Propenyl Radical and Its Photolytic Precursor cis-1-Bromopropene†,‡

The primary photodissociation dynamics of cis-1-bromopropene upon excitation at 193 nm and the unimolecular dissociation dynamics of the nascent 1-propenyl radical are investigated in a crossed laser−molecular beam apparatus. The lowest-energy dissociation barrier of the 1-propenyl radical is experimentally determined for the first time and is found to be 31.5 ± 2.0 kcal/mol, in substantial agreement with the theoretical calculations of Davis et al. There are three dissociation channels of the 1-propenyl radical seen in these experiments: C−C bond fission to give C2H2 + CH3, C−H bond fission to give propyne + H, and isomerization to the allyl radical followed by H atom loss to give allene + H. The data show that the C−C fission channel dominates the product branching for the dissociative radicals with the lowest internal energies. The branching to the H + allene channel at higher energies suggests that the calculated isomerization barrier is too high with respect to the H + propyne barrier. The data for ...
Modeling and verification of security properties for critical infrastructure protection

Recently, studies have revealed new security issues in critical infrastructures, emphasizing the need for verification of security properties. Any mechanism to verify the security of such systems should merge the cyber and physical aspects in a unified way. This paper proposes a novel direction using process algebras to model and verify security properties within a cyber-physical system (CPS). Specifically, we adopt the π-calculus to perform security analysis of a representative CPS, an advanced electric smart grid. We present the verification of an information flow security property, non-deducibility, defined in terms of more discriminating behavioral equivalences available in π-calculus compared to other process algebras.
Discovery of two GLP-1/Notch target genes that account for the role of GLP-1/Notch signaling in stem cell maintenance.

A stem cell’s immediate microenvironment creates an essential “niche” to maintain stem cell self-renewal. Many niches and their intercellular signaling pathways are known, but for the most part, the key downstream targets of niche signaling remain elusive. Here, we report the discovery of two GLP-1/Notch target genes, lst-1 (lateral signaling target) and sygl-1 (synthetic Glp), that function redundantly to maintain germ-line stem cells (GSCs) in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whereas lst-1 and sygl-1 single mutants appear normal, lst-1 sygl-1 double mutants are phenotypically indistinguishable from glp-1/Notch mutants. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that GLP-1/Notch signaling activates lst-1 and sygl-1 expression in GSCs within the niche. Therefore, these two genes fully account for the role of GLP-1/Notch signaling in GSC maintenance. Importantly, lst-1 and sygl-1 are not required for GLP-1/Notch signaling per se. We conclude that lst-1 and sygl-1 forge a critical link between Notch signaling and GSC maintenance.
The spatial politics of xenophobia: everyday practices of Congolese migrants in Johannesburg

The scale and brutality of the May 2008 xenophobic attacks in South Africa elicited among domestic and international onlookers a sense of horror and shock. These attacks were prefigured by multiple instances of xenophobic violence throughout the country in the preceding years. This paper argues that it is necessary to understand some of the forces underlying these attacks through the situated practices of migrants. This article focuses on some of the everyday practices of migrants in South African cities surrounding access to housing as well as more general experiences of violence, exclusion, and mobility within the city. Focusing on migrant perceptions of safety within the city, volatility of housing conditions, the racialisation of space through resurgent forms of cultural racism, state surveillance through identity documentation and policing, and the role of Pentecostal churches in renegotiating belonging in the city, this paper offers some first steps toward developing an analysis of xenophobia attentive to everyday practice and points to potential areas for future research. This paper asks what sorts of challenges the foregoing analysis presents to existing analyses of African cities, in particular the work of AbdouMaliq Simone.
Performance analysis of coated plutonia particle fuel compact for radioisotope heater units

Abstract Coated plutonia particle fuel has been proposed recently for use in radioisotope power systems and radioisotope heater units for a variety of space missions requiring power levels from milliwatts to tens or even hundreds of watts. The 238PuO2 fuel kernels are coated with a strong layer of ZrC designed to fully retain the helium gas generated by the radioactive decay of 238Pu. A recent investigation has concluded that helium retention in large-grain (⩾200 μm) granular and polycrystalline fuel kernels is possible even at high-temperatures (>1700 K). Results of performance analysis showed that this fuel form could increase by 2.3–2.4 times the thermal power output of a light weight radioisotope heater unit. These figures are for a single-size (500 μm) particles compact, assuming 10% and 5% helium gas release respectively, and a fuel temperature of 1723 K, following 10 years of storage. A binary-size (300 and 1200 μm) particles compact increases the thermal power output of the RHU by an additional 15%.
Maxwellian relative energies and solar neutrinos

THE solar neutrino discrepancy is now regarded1,2 as very serious. The general attitude is that the Sun is trying to tell us something but no one is quite sure what. I wish in this note to add to the list of possible ad hoc explanations; namely that the scarcity of 8B neutrinos reflects a departure of the distribution of relative kinetic energies from the Maxwellian distribution. I have not been able to calculate a cause of the indicated depletion of the high energy tail of relative energies, so this explanation must be limited to the associated effect.