cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Metoprolol Administration on Renal Sodium Handling in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure

Background—Long-term metoprolol therapy improves cardiac performance and decreases mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). This study examined the effect of long-term metoprolol therapy on renal sodium handling in an experimental rat model of CHF. Methods and Results—Rats with left coronary ligation and myocardial infarction–induced CHF were treated with metoprolol (1.5 mg · kg−1 · h−1) or vehicle for 3 weeks by osmotic minipump. They were then evaluated for their ability to excrete a short-term sodium load (5% body weight isotonic saline infusion over 30 minutes) and a long-term sodium load (change from low- to high-sodium diet over 8 days). All CHF rats had left ventricular end-diastolic pressure >10 mm Hg, and heart weight/body weight ratios averaged 0.68±0.02% (versus control of ≈0.40%). Compared with vehicle CHF rats (n=19), metoprolol CHF rats (n=18) had lower basal values of mean arterial pressure (122±3 versus 112±3 mm Hg) and heart rate (373±14 versus 315±9 bpm) and dec...
The U.S. and the Convention on the Rights of the Child: What’s the hold-up?

SummaryIt took teaching a family policy course for me to realize just how behind the United States is on ratifying international treaties – especially those pertaining to human rights. Though the U...
Orienting asymmetries in rhesus monkeys: the effect of time-domain changes on acoustic perception.

Humans exhibit left-hemisphere dominance for processing spoken language, a species-specific acoustic signal characterized by a suite of spectro-temporal parameters. Some nonhuman primates (genusMacaca) also exhibit left-hemisphere dominance for processing their species-specific vocalizations, as evidenced by right-ear biases in orienting and reaction-time studies, and more damaging effects from left- than right-hemisphere lesions. Little, however, is known about the acoustic features underlying such biases. We conducted field playback experiments on adult rhesus monkeys,Macaca mulatta, to determine whether asymmetries in perception (measured as an orienting bias) are sensitive to changes in the temporal characteristics of their calls. If the observed right-ear bias for perceiving conspecific calls (Hauser & Andersson1994,Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.,91, 3946–3948) depends upon particular acoustic parameters, then experimental manipulations beyond the species-typical range of signal variation will cause a change in perceptual asymmetry, either reversing the pattern (i.e. right to left ear ) or wiping it out (i.e. no asymmetry). We presented manipulated and unmanipulated exemplars of three pulsatile call types within the rhesus repertoire: an affiliative signal ‘grunt’, an alarm signal ‘shrill bark’, and a mating signal ‘copulation scream’. Signal manipulations involved either (1) a reduction of the interpulse interval to zero or the population minimum or (2) an expansion of the interpulse interval to the population maximum, or two times the maximum. For the grunt and shrill bark, manipulations of interpulse interval outside the range of natural variation either eliminated the orienting bias or caused a shift from right- to left-ear bias. For the copulation scream, however, a right-ear bias was observed in response to all stimuli, manipulated and unmanipulated. Results show that for some call types within the repertoire, temporal properties such as interpulse interval provide significant information to listeners about whether the signal is from a conspecific or not. We interpret the orienting bias as evidence that hemispheric asymmetries underly this perceptual effect.
Model-based finite population correction for the Horvitz—Thompson estimator:

SUMMARY This paper discusses a model-based finite population correction term for estimating the model and design variances of the Horvitz-Thompson estimator under the usual model. Suppose we want to estimate the variance of the estimate of a finite population mean YN= Y.p(yi/N), where lp denotes summation over the units in the population; we use the HorvitzThompson estimator YHT = xNn -ls(yi/xi), where Is denotes summation over the units in the sample, all the xi < NIN/ n are known, and npi = nxi/(NIN) is the probability of selecting unit i for the sample. It is well known that this estimation strategy is design unbiased; that is EP(9HT) = YN, where EP denotes expectation with respect to the sampling design. Moreover, it is model unbiased if the yi have the stochastic structure
Oxide dispersoid stability in irradiated alloys

Abstract Dispersoid stability has been modeled for the Cr2O3-316 stainless steel system under fusion reactor first wall conditions. Irradiation may either stabilize or destabilize the dispersoid up to temperatures near 0.6 Tm, depending on the mechanism of the oxygen solution in stainless steel. When oxygen is in interstitial solution, irradiation has a strongly stabilizing effect; the reverse is true when the oxygen dissolves substitutionally.
Penile vein dissection: A study of its long-term efficacy in impotence

In recent years, venous leakage has been recognized as an important cause of erectile impotence. Dynamic cavernosography, a diagnostic test combining a cine-tape cavernosogram and intracavernous pressure measurement at three different infusion rates, was used to identify 49 patients with impotence caused by excessive venous drainage during erection. The patients underwent an operation to ligate some of the venous outflow, channels in the penis and were followed up between 2 and 52 (mean, 15.5) months afterward. Of the 49 patients, 35 initially had no erection at any infusion rate; 18/35 showed an improvement in erection at follow-up. The remaining 14 patients initially achieved partial erection at infusion rates of 120 or 180 ml/min; of these, 7/14 reported an improvement in erection at follow-up. Of the patients with no erection at any infusion rate, 56% showed a significant improvement at the time of follow-up.
A routine experimental protocol for qHNMR illustrated with Taxol.

Quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) provides a value-added dimension to the standard spectroscopic data set involved in structure analysis, especially when analyzing bioactive molecules and elucidating new natural products. The qHNMR method can be integrated into any routine qualitative workflow without much additional effort by simply establishing quantitative conditions for the standard solution 1H NMR experiments. Moreover, examination of different chemical lots of taxol (paclitaxel) and a Taxus brevifolia extract as working examples led to a blueprint for a generic approach to performing a routinely practiced 13C-decoupled qHNMR experiment and for recognizing its potential and main limitations. The proposed protocol is based on a newly assembled 13C GARP broadband decoupled proton acquisition sequence that reduces spectroscopic complexity by removal of carbon satellites. The method is capable of providing qualitative and quantitative NMR data simultaneously and covers various analytes from pure compounds to c...
Dissipation-error tradeoff in proofreading

Abstract Chemical proofreading systems, of the kind believed responsible for the extremely high fidelity of DNA replication, achieve minimum error probability (equal to the product of the error probabilities of the writing and proofreading stages) only in the limit of infinite energy dissipation. However, a considerable degree of proof-reading can be obtained in less strongly driven systems, dissipation only 0.1–1 kT/step.
Tourism dependence and resident attitudes

Abstract Many rural communities view tourism as a major vehicle for addressing rural economic decline, but several empirical studies suggest that its growth can bring negative social impacts. One group of studies suggests a direct relationship between the level of tourism development in a community and the presence of negative resident attitudes toward it. This tourism dependence hypothesis is evaluated using survey data from four rural communities in the United States Rocky Mountain West. Results support the hypothesis with some important qualifications, and suggest a typology of rural communities experiencing tourism growth that includes tourism-saturated, tourism-realized, and tourism-hungry community types.
Controlling the Singlet−Triplet Splitting in Bisverdazyl Diradicals: Steps toward Magnetic Polymers

Density functional calculations were performed on 1,1‘,5,5‘-tetramethyl-6,6‘-dioxo-3,3‘-biverdazyl diradical (BVD) and BVD[CuI(PL3)]2 complexes (L = H, Me, OH, OMe, F) in order to investigate how C...
A quantitative exploration of the role of short-term domestic debt in balance of payments crises

Abstract The quantitative implications of a model of balance of payments crises are explored. The model analyzes government sterilization of capital outflows through low interest rates on domestic debt. This prevents a collapse in money demand but instead leads to a collapse in bond demand and therefore an increase in central bank domestic credit. The theory's implications are consistent with the Mexican experience of 1994, but much less so with Indonesia in 1997 and Brazil in 1998.
A model for the use of satellite remote sensing for the measurement of primary production in the ocean

A model of primary production based upon the responses of phytoplankton to differing light and nutrient fields is described. This model includes the effects on production of variations in surface pigment concentration, the mixed layer depth, and the dependence on the incident solar irradiance. The model has been tested using in situ data provided by the Southern California Bight Studies of Eppley, et al. (1979), the California Cooperative Fisheries Investigations, the Organization of Persistent Upwelling Structures, and other data sets. A synoptic measure of the distribution of surface pigments is derived from the West Coast Chlorophyll and Temperature Time Series. The features and behavior of the model are presented together with the results of the model verification.
A Social Norms Approach to Hazing Prevention Workshops

Hazing is a common occurrence on sport teams and many athletes fear isolation if they speak out against it. Additionally, at many schools, prevention efforts are minimal. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to propose the use of the social norms approach to create hazing prevention programs. A five-step process (Berkowitz, 2003)—(a) notice the event, (b) interpret the behaviors as a problem, (c) feel responsible for the solution, (d) acquire skills to act, and (e) intervene—will be explored, including suggestions for discussion. By using interactive discussions, the ultimate goal is to change team norms and have athletes intervene when hazing arises.
The effect of the phase composition of model VPO catalysts for partial oxidation of n-butane

X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, 3’P MAS-NMR and spin-echo NMR indicated that model vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) precursors and catalysts contained various minor phases depending oxboth the synthetic approach and P/V ratios used. Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of a number of micro-crystalline and amorphous V(W) and V(V) phases not evident by XRD. The presence of VOPO, phases was detrimental to the performance of the VP0 catalysts for KN-butane oxidation. The best model organic VP0 catalyst contained only vanadyl pyrophosphate with the highest degree of stacking order and virtually no VOPO, phase impurity. Raman spectroscopy detected vanadyl metaphosphate. VO(PO,),, in the catalysts derived from aqueous precursors possessing P/V ratios greater than I. Pure vanadyl metaphosphate catalyst was inactive in n-butane oxidation. s’P NMR demonstrated the absence of vanadyl metaphosphate and other impurity phases in the best catalyst derived from organic precursors at P/V = 1.18. The experimental data strongly indicate that the best VP0 catalysts for n-butane oxidation contain only vanadyl pyrophosphate with well-ordered stacking of the (200) planes.
A Resonant Global Clock Distribution for the Cell Broadband-Engine Processor

Resonant clocking techniques show promise in reducing global clock power and timing uncertainty (skew and jitter). By resonating the large global clock capacitance with an inductance, the energy used to charge the clock node each period can be recycled within the LC tank network, resulting in lower clock power. Additional power savings are realized by reducing the strength of clock drivers because only losses need to be overcome at resonance. Skew and jitter are improved due to the bandpass characteristic of the LC network and the use of fewer clock buffering stages. We describe how the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) processor is experimentally transformed to have a resonant-load global clock distribution similar to the one in (Chan et al., 2004).
Initial Experiments on the End-Point Control of a Flexible One-Link Robot

The present investigation is concerned with initial experiments regarding a specific unsolved control problem which appeared to be central to advances in the art of robotics. This problem involves the control of a flexible member (one link of a robot system). The position of the end-effector, called the end point or tip, is controlled by measuring that position and using the measurement as a basis for applying control torque to the other end of the flexible member, as for instance, the robot's elbow joint. A description is presented of the features of the first experimental arm which has been made, and an outline is provided of the general strategy for controlling it using its tip sensor and shoulder torquer.
Responses of two bunchgrasses to nitrogen addition in tallgrass prairie: the role of bud bank demography

Growth of tallgrass prairie plants, many of which maintain substantial bud banks, can be limited by nitrogen (N), water, and/or light. We hypothesized that tallgrass prairie plants respond to increases in N through demographic effects on the bud bank. We tested the effects of a pulse of N on (1) bud bank demography, (2) plant reproductive allocation, and (3) ramet size. We parameterized matrix models, considering each genet as a population of plant parts. Nitrogen addition signifi cantly impacted bud bank demography in two subdominant species of bunchgrass: Sporobolus heterolepis (a C 4 grass) and Koeleria macrantha (a C 3 grass), but had no effect on the size of individual ramets. Emergence from the bud bank and ramet population growth rates ( λ ) were signifi cantly higher in S. heterolepis genets that received supplemental N. Nitrogen addition also affected the bud demography of K. macrantha , but N addition decreased rather than increased λ . Prospective and retrospective demographic analyses indicated that bud bank dynamics were the most important demographic processes driving plant responses to nutrient availability. Thus, the variation in productivity in these tallgrass prairie species is driven principally by the demography of the bud bank rather than by the physiology and growth of aboveground tillers. Improved understanding of bud bank dynamics may lead to improved predictive models of grassland responses to environmental changes such as altered N deposition and precipitation.
Optical sectioning for microfluidics: secondary flow and mixing in a meandering microchannel

Secondary flow plays a critical function in a microchannel, such as a micromixer, because it can enhance heat and mass transfer. However, there is no experimental method to visualize the secondary flow and the associated mixing pattern in a microchannel because of difficulties in high-resolution, non-invasive, cross-sectional imaging. Here, we simultaneously imaged and quantified the secondary flow and pattern of two-liquid mixing inside a meandering square microchannel with spectral-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography. We observed an increase in the efficiency of two-liquid mixing when air was injected to produce a bubble-train flow and identified the three-dimensional enhancement mechanism behind the complex mixing phenomena. An alternating pair of counter-rotating and toroidal vortices cooperated to enhance two-liquid mixing.
Statistical routing for cognitive random access networks

A novel approach to multi-hop routing for cognitive random access is developed under channel gain uncertainty constraints. Motivated by the inherent randomness of the propagation medium, the novel routing strategy leverages pairwise decoding probabilities to randomly route packets to neighboring nodes. The resultant cross-layer optimization framework not only provides optimal routes in a well-defined sense, but also yields transmission probabilities and transmit-powers, thus enabling cognizant adaptation of networking, medium access, and physical layer parameters to the operational environment. The relevant optimization problem is non-convex and hence hard to solve in general. Nevertheless, a successive convex approximation approach is employed to efficiently find a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker solution. Enticingly, the fresh look advocated here permeates benefits also to conventional multi-hop random access networks in the presence of channel uncertainty.
Caging Targets for Destruction

Intracellular bacterial pathogens engage in a tug-of-war with innate host defenses. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Mostowy et al. (2010) identify a role for the septin family of cytoskeletal proteins in targeting intracellular Shigella to the autophagy pathway.
An infinity of phase transitions as a function of temperature: exact results for a model with fixed-point imaging

Abstract Position-space renormalization-group methods are used to derive exact results for an Ising model on a fractal lattice. The model incorporates both nearest-neighbor and long-range interactions. The long-range interactions, which span all length scales on the lattice, can be thought of as resulting from fractal periodic boundary conditions. We present exact phase diagrams and specific heats in terms of these two interactions, and show that a “hall of mirrors” fixed-point imaging mechanism leads to an infinite number of phase transitions.
Bargaining, War, and Alliances

As a way of clarifying and evaluating competing claims made by writers on alliances and the balance of power, I extend recent work on the relation between bargaining and war to a three-state setting where coalitions are possible. I show that if what is commonly called “balancing” occurs at all, it is because it is seen as a way of reducing the risk associated with possible exogenous changes in the distribution of military capabilities. It is therefore not necessarily inconsistent with what is called “bandwagoning,” but can actually make bandwagoning more likely. Moreover, balancing need not occur for international systems to be stable.
Target classification and localization in habitat monitoring

We are developing an acoustic habitat-monitoring sensor network that recognizes and locates specific animal calls in real time. We investigate the system requirements of such a real-time acoustic monitoring network. We propose a system architecture and a set of lightweight collaborative signal processing algorithms that achieve real-time behavior while minimizing inter-node communication to extend the system lifetime. In particular, the target classification is based on spectrogram pattern matching while the target localization is based on beamforming using time difference of arrival (TDOA). We describe our preliminary implementation on a commercial off the shelf (COTS) testbed and present its performance based on testbed measurements.
Metabolism of leucine and valine within the rumen.

Summary l-leucine and dl-valine, placed in the rumen of fistulated goats, were extensively metabolized within the rumen, yielding large quantities of isovaleric and isobutyric acids, respectively. Both amino acids tended to decrease the level of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids in the rumen. Compared to a standard hay diet, the feeding of pelleted corn just prior to amino acid administration decreased the concentration of α -amino N in the rumen 4 hr after feeding. Pelleted corn significantly decreased the isobutyric acid level at 4 hr when compared to similar treatments on the hay diet. A similar effect of pelleted corn on isovaleric acid level at 4 hr was noted when leucine was administered.
Three-dimensional convection in a horizontal fluid layer subjected to a constant shear

Rayleigh-Be'nard convection in the presence of a plane Couette flow is investigated by numerical computations. From earlier work it is well known that longitudinal rolls are preferred at the onset of convection and that at Prandtl numbers of the order unity or less these rolls become unstable with respect to the wavy instability which introduces wavy distortions perpendicular to the axis of the rolls. In the present analysis the three-dimensional flows arising from these distortions are studied and their stability is considered. A main result is the subcritical existence of three-dimensional flows at Rayleigh numbers far below the critical value for onset of convection.
Initiators and Triggering Conditions for Adaptive Automation in Advanced Small Modular Reactors

It is anticipated that Advanced Small Modular Reactors (AdvSMRs) will employ high degrees of automation. High levels of automation can enhance system performance, but often at the cost of reduced human performance. Automation can lead to human out-of the loop issues, unbalanced workload, complacency, and other problems if it is not designed properly. Researchers have proposed adaptive automation (defined as dynamic or flexible allocation of functions) as a way to get the benefits of higher levels of automation without the human performance costs. Adaptive automation has the potential to balance operator workload and enhance operator situation awareness by allocating functions to the operators in a way that is sensitive to overall workload and capabilities at the time of operation. However, there still a number of questions regarding how to effectively design adaptive automation to achieve that potential. One of those questions is related to how to initiate (or trigger) a shift in automation in order to provide maximal sensitivity to operator needs without introducing undesirable consequences (such as unpredictable mode changes). Several triggering mechanisms for shifts in adaptive automation have been proposed including: operator initiated, critical events, performance-based, physiological measurement, model-based, and hybrid methods. As part of a larger projectmore » to develop design guidance for human-automation collaboration in AdvSMRs, researchers at Idaho National Laboratory have investigated the effectiveness and applicability of each of these triggering mechanisms in the context of AdvSMR. Researchers reviewed the empirical literature on adaptive automation and assessed each triggering mechanism based on the human-system performance consequences of employing that mechanism. Researchers also assessed the practicality and feasibility of using the mechanism in the context of an AdvSMR control room. Results indicate that there are tradeoffs associated with each mechanism, but that some are more applicable to the AdvSMR domain. The two mechanisms that consistently improve performance in laboratory studies are operator initiated adaptive automation based on hierarchical task delegation and the Electroencephalogram(EEG) –based measure of engagement. Current EEG methods are intrusive and require intensive analysis; therefore it is not recommended for an AdvSMR control rooms at this time. Researchers also discuss limitations in the existing empirical literature and make recommendations for further research.« less
Coupling between microstrip lines with finite width ground plane embedded in thin-film circuits

Three-dimensional (3-D) interconnects built upon multiple layers of polyimide are required for constructing 3-D circuits on CMOS (low resistivity) Si wafers, GaAs, and ceramic substrates. Thin-film microstrip lines (TFMS) with finite-width ground planes embedded in the polyimide are often used. However, the closely spaced TFMS fines are susceptible to high levels of coupling, which degrades the circuit performance. In this paper, finite-difference time domain (FDTD) analysis and experimental measurements are used to demonstrate that the ground planes must be connected by via holes to reduce coupling in both the forward and backward directions. Furthermore, it is shown that coupled microstrip lines establish a slotline type mode between the two ground planes and a dielectric waveguide type mode, and that the connected via holes recommended here eliminate these two modes.
The design and evaluation of an end-user-deployable, whole house, contactless power consumption sensor

We present the design, development, and evaluation of an end-user installable, whole house power consumption sensing system capable of gathering accurate real-time power use that does not require installing a current transformer around the electrical feeds in a home. Rather, our sensor system offers contactless operation by simply placing it on the outside of the breaker panel in a home. Although there are a number of existing commercial systems for gathering energy use in a home, almost none can easily and safely be installed by a homeowner (especially for homes in the U.S.). Our approach leverages advances in magnetoresistive materials and circuit design to allow contactless operation by reliably sensing the magnetic field induced by the 60 Hz current and a closed loop circuit allows us to precisely infer the power consumption in real-time. The contribution of this work is an enabling technology for researchers in the fields of Ubiquitous Computing and Human-Computer Interaction wanting to conduct practical large-scale deployments of end-user-deployable energy monitoring applications. We discuss the technical details, the iterative design, and end-user evaluations of our sensing approach.
Interpersonal influences in college students' initial use of alcohol and drugs--the role of friends, self, parents, doctors, and dealers

The use of alcohol and drugs by 1,711 college students was surveyed anonymously, with a special interest in determining the sources of influence that led them to the initial use of different substances. Depending on the chemical, friends, parents, the person himself or herself, and doctors were named as the initial introducers. Drug dealers, by contrast, were named rarely and only in connection with a few hard drugs. Factors influencing drug use are discussed, and suggestions for prevention and treatment are made
Abstract P216: The Association Between Reduction in Inflammation and Changes in Lipoprotein Levels and HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background: Potent anti-inflammatory RA treatments are associated with reduced cardiovascular (CV) risk as well as increases in low density lipoprotein (LDL). This apparent paradox may be explained by favorable changes in other lipid measurements. The objective of this study was to determine the longitudinal association between changes in inflammation with advanced lipoprotein measurements and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Methods and Results: We conducted this study in a longitudinal RA cohort from a large academic center. We included subjects with hsCRP reduction ≥10mg/L at two time points one year apart. Subjects on statins during the study period or 6 months prior were excluded. We measured total cholesterol (TC), LDL, high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein B (apoB), apoA1, and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity at baseline and one year follow-up. We determined the correlations between reduction in hsCRP and change in lipid parameters using the Pearson test. We studied 90 RA subjects, mean age 57 years, 89% female, all subjects were on disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; median baseline hsCRP was 28.6mg/L and follow-up 4.3 mg/L (reduction of 85%, p<0.0001). We observed significant correlations between a reduction in hsCRP with increases in LDL (r=0.25,p=0.02, Figure 1a), HDL (r=0.23, p=0.03), apoA1 (r=0.27, p=0.01 and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (r=0.24, p=0.02), an overall improvement of efflux capacity of 5.7% (p=5x10-4, Figure 1b). Conclusion: Reduction in inflammation was associated increased LDL levels, and concomitant increases in HDL, ApoA1, and improvements in HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. These findings provide further insight into lipid modulation and the beneficial effect of reduction in inflammation on lipids in vivo. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Frequent Collaborative Quiz Taking and Conceptual Learning.

This quasi-experimental study reports on the effectiveness of three assessment strategies for students’ performance. The primary goal was to determine whether there are any improvements in students...
Response to High-Lysine Proteins to Supplement Diets Based on Distillers Dried Grains plus Solubles for Lactating Cows

Three experiments were performed to evaluate production responses of dairy cows fed distillers dried grains plus solubles (DDGS) supplemented with other protein sources. In Exp. 1 and 2, identical DDGS were used, at 0 to 18.7% of dietary DM in Exp. 1 and at 13 or 18.2% in Exp. 2. The source of DDGS in Exp. 3 was different. Experiments 1 and 2 used alfalfa silage as the sole forage, whereas Exp. 3 included corn silage. Adding blood meal to the DDGS diets improved performance similarly in Exp. 1 and 2. The basal DDGS diet did not respond to additional RDP but was responsive to added Lys. The diets containing DDGS plus blood meal did not respond to supplemental rumen-protected Met or Met plus Lys. However, adding blood meal to the DDGS diets did not result in production equal to the positive control diet containing both blood meal and soybean meal. In Exp. 3, diets with DDGS at 13 and 18% of dietary DM were supplemented with Aminoplus (Ag Processing Inc., Omaha, NE), a soy-based source of RUP. Diets with DDGS at 18% of dietary DM were also supplemented with commodity soybean meal, blood meal, blood and fish meal, or Aminoplus and blood meal. No significant differences were found across treatments for DMI; milk yield; milk protein, fat, and lactose; milk fat percentage; or protein percentage. Diets with DDGS as the primary protein supplement can respond to supplemental Lys, as Lys or blood meal, but the source of DDGS can influence the magnitude of the response.
Some physiologic aspects of the averaged vertex response in humans.

The averaged vertex response evoked by pure tone stimuli was studied in awake human beings between the ages of 2 months and 76 years, and the following conclusions were reached:There was no linear relationship between age and vertex response latency or amplitude. For yet unknown reasons, an occasional child, particularly in the 2- to 3-year age range, has a vertex response that is longer in latency and larger in amplitude than the latency and amplitude usually encountered in the vertex response of patients in the age range from 2 months to 5 years and in the adult population.The characteristics of the averaged vertex response are not altered by distracting the subject's attention from the stimuli; neither are they altered in patients with functional impairment of hearing. Vertex response thresholds determined in patients with functional loss of hearing correlate accurately with their true organic thresholds of hearing.The vertex off-response is a most inconsistent phenomenon in the normal population. When...
Crawling with Virus: Translational Insights from a Neonatal Mouse Model on the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Infants

The infant immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains incompletely understood. Here we review the use of a neonatal mouse model of RSV infection to mimic severe infection in human infants. We describe numerous age-specific responses, organized by cell type, observed in RSV-infected neonatal mice and draw comparisons (when possible) to human infants.
Rb-82 positron emission tomography for post radiotherapy brain tumor evaluation: A pilot study

1909 Objectives Rubidium-82 (Rb-82) is a positron-emitting analogue of K + to which the intact blood brain barrier is physiologically impermeable but that accumulates in brain tumors in part via an intact Na+/K+-ATP pump across a disrupted blood brain barrier. The purpose of this study is to determine the uptake characteristics of Rb-82 PET-CT in post-radiation therapy brain lesions and the feasibility of characterizing activity for a full 10 minutes to enable wash-in and wash-out analysis. Methods 6 patients (5 glioma; 3 metastases) with brain MRI lesions with abnormal gadolinium enhancement post-radiation therapy underwent a 10 minute dynamic PET-CT scan of the brain after IV injection of 40mci of Rb-82. 8 lesions larger than 1 cm3 were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by region of interest analysis employing standardized uptake values (SUV) with comparison to blood pool in the superior sagittal sinus. Findings were validated using a combination of pathology, imaging and clinical follow-up. Results All lesions were proven to be malignant. Mean (range) lesion volume was 29cm3 (5.4-86.2). Rb uptake increased with time demonstrating an average (±SD, range) SUV max of 5.1 (± 2.3, 2.4-9.2) at 3.5 min; 6.5 (± 2.3, 3.6-10.3) at 6.5 min; and 8.8 (± 3.0, 5.1-13.6) at 9.5 min. Lesion SUVmax to blood pool SUVmean also increased with time with an average ratio of 5.0 (± 2.3, 2.6-8.3) at 3.5 min; 8.7(± 3.5, 4.5-13.9) at 6.5 min; and 10.8 (± 3.6, 6.1-17.1) at 9.5 min. On visual analysis, Rb-82 uptake correlated with gadolinium enhancement on MRI. Conclusions 10 minute RB-82 PET-CT to characterize brain lesions is technically feasible. Uptake in malignant lesions increases with time without washout
Topology Optimization Using Map L-Systems

The present work concerns the formal evolutionary development of complex structural engineering systems using a biologically inspired evolutionary method. The bioinspired method presented in this study uses Map Lindenmayer systems, or more specifically mBPMOL-systems, which create single layered cellular structures, to mimic the biological process of cellular division. The problem here reported allows for the proof of concept in a very clear manner. It consists in nding the optimal tridimensional structure that will be delivered to space. The structures modeled with the mBPMOL-systems were then analyzed using the nite element method (FEM) to determine its structural performance. An evolutionary algorithm, such as the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to evolve the topology of the cellular structures.
Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase increases okadaic acid mediated AP-1 expression and DNA binding but has no effect on TRE dependent transcription

By performing in vitro kinase assays we found in papilloma producing 308 mouse keratinocytes that okadaic acid elevated activities of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). This okadaic acid mediated activation of MAP kinases correlated with increased AP-1 binding to a consensus TPA responsive element (TRE) and elevated TRE dependent transcription. To determine the role of p38 MAP kinases in these processes we employed the specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB 203580. Using orthophosphate labeling we showed a decrease in phosphorylation of MAPK activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAP-K2) indicating reduced activity of p38 MAPKs utilizing this kinase as substrate. In contrast, we found that SB 203580 raised activities of ERK-1/2 and JNKs. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed an increase in TRE binding activity in response to SB 203580 most likely resulting from increased expression of the major TRE binding components JunD and FosB as indicated by Western blot analyses. Increased TRE DNA binding failed to lead to increased transactivation correlating with the inability of SB 203580 to increase phosphorylation of these AP-1 proteins. These data indicate that SB 203580 sensitive p38 MAP kinases are not involved in okadaic acid mediated increases in TRE DNA binding and transactivation.
Transorbital endovascular embolization of dural carotid-cavernous fistula: access to cavernous sinus through direct puncture: case examples and technical report.

Objective We present 2 cases of carotid-cavernous fistulas that failed multiple attempts at transarterial and transvenous embolization. Direct transorbital puncture for embolization was successful in curing the fistulas. The relevant anatomy and technique are reviewed. Clinical presentation The first case is a 39-year-old man who presented with a 2-month history of worsening right-sided chemosis, proptosis, double vision, and progressive right eye vision loss. The second case is a 79-year-old woman with a 5-month history of right-sided chemosis and a 1-month history of complete left ophthalmoplegia. Cerebral angiography revealed an indirect carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) in both patients, supplied by meningeal branches of the internal and/or external carotid arteries. Intervention After multiple unsuccessful attempts at transarterial and transvenous embolization, the CCFs were accessed via direct percutaneous transorbital puncture of the inferior and superior ophthalmic veins, respectively. The fistulas were then successfully occluded with a combination of Onyx and detachable coils. Conclusion In rare cases in which more conventional transvenous and transarterial routes to a CCF have been exhausted, direct percutaneous transorbital puncture represents a viable means of achieving catheterization of the fistulous connection. In most cases, where a prominent arterialized superior ophthalmic vein is present, direct puncture represents a reasonable alternative to ophthalmologic cut-down procedures. Transorbital puncture of the inferior ophthalmic vein provides a direct route to the cavernous sinus in cases where the superior ophthalmic vein is atretic and inaccessible by direct surgical cut-down procedures.
Optical Constants of Multiple Quantum Well Structures

A multiple quantum well structure is shown to be equivalent to a single film and the linear and nonlinear optical constants of the structure are derived.
From painkiller to empathy killer: acetaminophen (paracetamol) reduces empathy for pain

Simulation theories of empathy hypothesize that empathizing with others' pain shares some overlapping psychological computations with the processing of one's own pain. Support for this perspective has largely relied on functional neuroimaging evidence of an overlap between activations during the experience of physical pain and empathy for other people's pain. Here, we extend the functional overlap perspective to the neurochemical level and test whether a common physical painkiller, acetaminophen (paracetamol), can reduce empathy for another's pain. In two double-blind placebo-controlled experiments, participants rated perceived pain, personal distress, and empathic concern in response to reading physical or social pain scenarios, witnessing ostracism in the lab, or visualizing another study participant receiving painful noise blasts. As hypothesized, acetaminophen reduced empathy in response to others' pain. Acetaminophen also reduced the unpleasantness of noise blasts delivered to the participant, which mediated acetaminophen's effects on empathy. Together, these findings suggest that the physical painkiller acetaminophen reduces empathy for pain and provide a new perspective on the neurochemical bases of empathy. Because empathy regulates prosocial and antisocial behavior, these drug-induced reductions in empathy raise concerns about the broader social side effects of acetaminophen, which is taken by almost a quarter of US adults each week. Language: en
Effect of N-fertilizer Management on the Tiller,Dry Matter Weight and Yield of Rice

Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of N-fertilizer management on the tiller,dry matter weight and yield of japonica cultivar Liaoxing 1 and japonica hybrid cultivar Liaoyou 5218.The results showed that the yield of Liaoxing 1 reached 771.5 kg/667m2 under the treatment of 4∶3∶2∶1,which was increased by 16.7% compared to that under the treatment of 3∶5∶2.The highest yield of Liaoyou 5218 was 851.3 kg/667m2,which was found under the treatment of 3∶5∶2.It was found that reducing the amount of N-fertilizer in prophase was helpful to improve the effective panicles of rice.Meanwhile,the application of granular fertilizer would promote rice grain filling,and improve the 1 000-grains weight.
Euler's "Mistake"? The Radical Product Rule in Historical Perspective

(2007). Euler's “Mistake”? The Radical Product Rule in Historical Perspective. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 273-285.
Yoga for the Treatment of Insomnia among Cancer Patients: Evidence, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Recommendations

Up to 90% of cancer patients report symptoms of insomnia during and after treatment. Symptoms of insomnia include excessive daytime sleepiness, difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and waking up too early. Insomnia symptoms are among the most prevalent, distressing and persistent cancer- and cancer treatment-related toxicities reported by patients, and can be severe enough to increase cancer morbidity and mortality. Despite the ubiquity of insomnia symptoms, they are under-screened, under-diagnosed, and under-treated in cancer patients. When insomnia symptoms are identified, providers are hesitant to prescribe, and patients are hesitant to take pharmaceuticals due to polypharmacy concerns. In addition, sleep medications do not cure insomnia. Yoga is a well-tolerated mode of exercise with promising evidence for its efficacy in improving insomnia symptoms among cancer patients. This article reviews existing clinical research on the effectiveness of yoga for treating insomnia among cancer patients. The article also provides clinical recommendations for prescribing yoga for the treatment of insomnia in this population.
Renal effects of moderate hemorrhage in the conscious pregnant rat.

Studies were performed in conscious, chronically catheterized virgin, 8- to 9-day-pregnant, and 15- to 16-day-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats in baseline state and after removal of 7.5% total blood vo...
Morgan v. Virginia (1946)

Irene Morgan, a black Virginian, was on a packed Greyhound bus en route to Baltimore, Maryland in July 1944. Ordered by the driver to give up her seat in the “colored” section to a white passenger, she not only refused but also resisted. She was arrested, convicted, and fined. Morgan secured counsel. Richmond NAACP attorney Spottswood W. Robinson (1916–98) filed her case. However, the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals upheld the fine. Robinson appealed its decision and the US Supreme Court consented to review it. He, Thurgood Marshall, and William Hastie presented the oral argument. They argued that Virginia's separate seating statute was an illegal burden on American commerce. Segregation laws also differed by state, so varying racial restrictions would be imposed. By a 7–2 majority the Court concurred, ruled for Morgan, and disallowed segregation on interstate buses. The Fellowship of Reconciliation launched a 1947 interracial journey to test compliance with Morgan .
Burned Human Teeth

Because teeth house significant information regarding a person’s identity, it is important to properly recover and study them for bioarchaeological and forensic analyses. Teeth are particularly well-suited for long term preservation and are capable of surviving extreme thermal exposure. Recovering burned teeth in the field requires a fine mesh screen. Identification requires detailed knowledge of dental anatomy as well as the ability to recognize diagnostic thermal alterations including discoloration and fracturing. Dental crowns may become heavily fractured but teeth do not explode. Developing teeth still in their crypts often survive burning events intact since they are protected by the alveolar walls. Although many dental restorations and appliances are profoundly damaged by extreme heat, drilling marks and indentations made by their cervical attachments will likely preserve. Overall, teeth tend to survive perimortem and postmortem burning events and their recovery and analysis should be prioritized.
The Uncertain Impact of Screening Immigrant Children With the Tuberculin Skin Test.

To the Editor:The findings of Lowenthal et al,1 echoes several other recent studies and further highlights specificity issues when testing Bacillus Calmette–Guerin-vaccinated children with the tuberculin skin test (TST).2,3 In their analysis of 2- to 14-year olds classified as having tuberculos
Self-Reported Health and Functional Characteristics of Mexican and Mexican American Adults Aged 80 and Over.

OBJECTIVE To examine the health and functional characteristics of Mexican and Mexican American adults aged ≥80. METHOD Data came from Wave I (2001) and Wave III (2012) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), and Wave IV (2000-2001) and Wave VII (2010-2011) of the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (HEPESE). RESULTS In 2000-2001, diabetes, arthritis, hypertension, and stroke were higher in the HEPESE than in the MHAS. In the HEPESE, activities of daily living (ADL) difficulties and all health conditions, except heart attack, were greater in 2010-2011 than in 2000-2001. In the MHAS, hypertension and ADL difficulties were greater, and arthritis was lower in 2012 compared with 2001. In 2010-2011, all self-reported health conditions were higher in the HEPESE compared with the 2012 observation of the MHAS. DISCUSSION The observed differences may reflect worse health for Mexican Americans, health care access, reporting bias, and more selective survival to very old age in Mexico.
Single-Agent Carboplatin for a Rare Case of Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma of the Spinal Cord in an Adult with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Introduction: Pilomyxoid astrocytoma (PMA) is a rare and more aggressive variant of pilocytic astrocytoma, which usually affects young children and is most often
The Quest for Perfect and Compact Symmetry Breaking for Graph Problems

Symmetry breaking is a crucial technique to solve many graph problems. However, current state-of-the-art techniques break graph symmetries only partially, causing search algorithms to unnecessarily explore many isomorphic parts of the search space. We study properties of perfect symmetry breaking for graph problems. One promising and surprising result on small-sized graphs—up to order five— is that perfect symmetry breaking can be achieved using a compact propositional formula in which each literal occurs at most twice. At least for small graphs, perfect symmetry breaking can be expressed more compactly than the existing (partial) symmetry-breaking methods. We present several techniques to compute and analyze perfect symmetry-breaking formulas.
GIS and Spatial Statistics/Econometrics: An Overview

The evolution of geographic information systems (GISs) and spatial statistics/econometrics is closely intertwined. A GIS furnishes the automated implementation of spatial statistical/econometrics techniques, and spatial statistics and spatial econometrics furnish conceptual and theoretical bases legitimizing many GIS tools. In other words, GISs and spatial statistics/econometrics are synergistic. Understanding this synergism requires an awareness of selected parts of the historical background of these subject areas, as well as an overview of the foundational spatial autocorrelation concept, both of which this article provides. Contemporary spatial statistics/econometrics transcends static analyses by also addressing analyses of geographic flows across space as well as space–time datasets, both of which this article reviews. Finally, applied methodological disciplines, such as spatial statistics and spatial econometrics, benefit tremendously by illustrating conceptualizations and applications with empirical examples, another feature of this article in terms of recent household relocation data for the Seoul, South Korea, metropolitan area. All mapping output appearing in this article was created with a GIS.