cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic bases of isozyme variation for alkaline phosphatase and glucosephosphate isomerase in Solanum

Genetic bases of isozyme phenotypes of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GpI) from tuber extracts of potato species of the genus Solanum were investigated by starch gel electrophoresis. Data were obtained from reciprocal F1 matings of S. tuberosum X ssp. andigena (Juz. & Buk.) Hawkes and ssp. tuberosum X (S. phureja X S. chacoense) and BC1 matings where ssp. tuberosum was the recurrent parent. AKP and GPI are dimeric enzymes and the variation observed for each was found to be coded by single tetrasomic loci (Akp and Gpi) with three (A, A′, A″) and five (G, G′, G″, G‴, G⁗) alleles, respectively. Although the G‴ and G⁗ encoded homodimers have similar electrophoretic mobilities, the specific enzymatic activity of the G⁗ encoded homodimer is approximately 25% that of the G‴. The predictable genetic bases for these two enzymatic polymorphisms make them suitable for use as genetic markers in the potato. Chromosome mapping of the loci which encode these enzymes is now possible.
Sex Genotype and Sex Phenotype Contribute to Growth Differences between Male and Female Channel Catfish

Abstract Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus have an XX female-XY male genotypic system of sex determination, and male channel catfish grow faster than females. Through selective breeding and appropriately timed hormone administration, we have produced phenotypic male channel catfish with a YY sex genotype and female channel catfish with an XY or YY sex genotype. In this study, we evaluated the relative role of sex genotype and sex phenotype in regulating sexually dimorphic growth in this important aquaculture species. Ten families of genotypic XY male fish were produced by matings of normal XX female fish with YY male fish, and females were produced by hormonal feminization of a subsample from each family. The growth rate and body composition of sibling males and females in ponds where the sexes were maintained together were compared with those in ponds where the sexes were maintained separately. Generally, phenotypic males had higher body weight (15.25% and 11.36% when the sexes were together or separat...
Shell strength of queen conch, Strombus gigas L.: aquaculture implications

. Forces required to crack shells of a wild population of queen conchs, Strombus gigas L., from the Berry Islands. Bahamas and from three hatchery populations in Venezuela, the United States and Mexico were measured. Above about 55-mm shell length, shell strength of wild conchs increased rapidly for small length increases. To reduce the effect of predation by crustaceans in seeding programmes we recommend release into nature at sizes larger than 55 mm. The regressions of shell length to cracking force of hatchery-reared conchs from the wild population and the hatcheries differed significantly in slope or elevation, suggesting different shell lengths of conchs from different geographic locations, and between hatcheries.
Deriving Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Standards

Achieving and maintaining the water quality conditions necessary to protect the aquatic living resources of the Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries has required a foundation of quantifiable water quality criteria. Quantitative criteria serve as a critical basis for assessing the attainment of designated uses and mea- suring progress toward meeting water quality goals of the Chesapeake Bay Program partnership. In 1987, the Chesapeake Bay Program partnership committed to defining the water quality conditions necessary to protect aquatic living resources. Under section 303(c) of the Clean Water Act, States and authorized tribes have the pri- mary responsibility for adopting water quality standards into law or regulation. The Chesapeake Bay Program partnership worked with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop and publish a guidance framework of ambient water quality criteria with designated uses and assessment procedures for dissolved oxygen, water clarity, and chlorophyll a for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries in 2003. This article reviews the deriva- tion of the water quality criteria, criteria assessment protocols, designated use boundaries, and their refine- ments published in six addendum documents since 2003 and successfully adopted into each jurisdiction's water quality standards used in developing the Chesapeake Bay Total Maximum Daily Load. (KEY TERMS: Chesapeake Bay; water quality standards; dissolved oxygen; water clarity; chlorophyll a; water quality criteria.)
Effects of varying aerosol regimes on low-level Arctic stratus

[1] The effects on low-level cloud microstructures of varying aerosol regimes in the Arctic are examined using ground-based measurements obtained near Barrow, Alaska. Episodic ‘arctic haze’ events produced high cloud droplet concentrations, and small cloud droplet effective radii. By contrast, the fresh nucleation of aerosols within the Arctic produced particles high in number concentration but generally too small to be efficient cloud condensation nuclei. Comparisons with similar analyses done at lower latitudes suggest that the ‘indirect effect’ of haze aerosol on low-cloud effective radii is particularly high in the Arctic.
The relationship of total serum IgE and blocking antibody in trimellitic anhydride--induced occupational asthma.

Abstract Clinical and immunologic evaluations were performed on workers who manufacture trimellitic anhydride (TMA), a chemical used widely in the plastics industry. Serum samples of 29 workers exposed to TMA dust and fumes were assayed for total IgE, as well as specific IgE and total antibody binding to radiolabeled trimellityl human serum albumin (TM-HSA). Fifteen workers were determined to have significant specific IgE to TM-HSA (≥ I ng of 125 I-TM-HSA bound per milliliter). Of these 15 individuals, seven workers had immediate asthma and rhinitis and positive cutaneous prick tests and eight were nonasthmatic and skin test negative. Mean peak total serum IgE was significantly higher in the prick test positive group (p 125 I—TM-HSA, as determined by the ammonium sulfate precipitation technique, was higher in the skin test-negative group of eight (mean 12,062 ng per milliliter 125 I—TM-HSA bound) than in the seven symptomatic skin test-positive workers (mean 2930, p 125 I-TM-HSA bound per milliliter) or blocking ratios clearly discriminated the seven skin test-positive workers with TMA-induced asthma (range 10 to 666) from the eight skin test-negative workers (range 1580 to 16,000). Thus total serum IgE, blocking ratios, and specific IgE to TM-HSA were found to be useful indices for serologic diagnosis of TMA-induced immediate asthma and rhinitis.
The Bioethics of Hunting and Gathering Societies

Hunting and gathering societies are generally considered to represent the lowest form of human existence. These societies, when mentioned at all by economists, are held up as examples of the terrible fate awaiting us if we waiver in the quest for technological advance and economic growth. By contrast, it is argued in this chapter that the hunting and gathering way of life represented, in many ways, the most successful lifestyle humans have yet devised. Of the many societal forms we have adopted, the hunting and gathering lifestyle has two important advantages. First it is the only way of life truly compatible with the long-run sustainability of the ecosystem and thus the ultimate sustainability of the human species. Secondly, it was a way of life egalitarian to an extent unknown in present-day agricultural or industrial societies. Knowledge of the characteristics of these societies is not only interesting in its own right it also offers suggestions for addressing contemporary problems of equality and ecology.
Identification of target genes responsive to JP-8 exposure in the rat central nervous system

Concern for the health risk associated with occupational exposure to jet fuel has emerged in the Department of Defense. Jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8) is the fuel used in most US and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) jet aircraft, and will be the predominant fuel both for military land vehicles and aircraft into the twenty-first century. JP-8 exhibits reduced volatility and lower benzene content as compared to JP-4, the predominant military aircraft fuel before 1992, possibly suggesting greater occupational exposure safety. However, the higher rates of occupational exposure through fueling and maintenance of increasingly larger numbers of aircraft/vehicles raise concerns with respect to toxicity. Clinical studies of workers experiencing long-term exposure to certain jet fuels demonstrated deficits in CNS function, including fatigue, neurobehavioral changes, psychiatric disorders, and abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG). In the present study, cDNA nylon arrays (Atlas Rat 1.2 Array, Clontech Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA) were utilized to measure changes in gene expression in whole brain tissue of rats exposed repeatedly to JP-8, under conditions that simulated possible real-world occupational exposure (6 h/day for 91 days) to JP-8 vapor at 1,000 mg/m3. Gene expression analysis of the exposure group compared to the control group revealed a modulation of several genes, including glutathione S-transferase Yb2 subunit (GST Yb2); cytochrome P450 IIIAl (CYP3A1); glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP); alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha1-AT); polyubiquitin; GABA transporter 3 (GAT-3); and plasma membrane Ca2+-transporting ATPase (brain isoform 2) (PMCA2). The implications of these vapor-induced changes in gene expression are discussed.
THE PROPERDIN SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY III. THE ZYMOSAN ASSAY OF PROPERDIN

A detailed method for the zymosan assay of properdin is described, together with procedures for the preparation and standardization of reagents employed in the test. The reliability and reproducibility of the assay, as well as its limitations, are discussed.
Selective killing of cancer cells based on translational control of a suicide gene.

The translation initiation factor, eIF4E, is commonly overexpressed in solid tumors. This elevation allows for efficient translation of mRNA that are normally repressed by their 5′ untranslated region, many of which encode growth-promoting proteins. This property was exploited to modulate the synthesis of HTK at the translational level to selectively kill cancer cells. Various breast cancer cell lines can efficiently synthesize HTK from the translationally regulated mRNA, whereas normal cells cannot. Accordingly, only cancer cells were killed at low concentrations of ganciclovir. By altering the expression of eIF4E, it was possible to modulate the sensitivity of various cell lines to ganciclovir.
Shot-noise Fano factor as a probe of Majorana localized states in p-wave superconductors

The zero-energy bound states at the edges or vortex cores of chiral p-wave superconductors are expected to behave like Majorana fermions. We introduce a model Hamiltonian that describes the tunnelling process when electrons are injected into such states. Using a non-equilibrium Green function formalism, we find exact analytic expressions for the tunnelling current and noise and identify experimental signatures of the Majorana nature of the bound states to be found in the shot noise. We discuss the results in the context of different candidate materials that are believed to support triplet superconductivity.
THE PECULIAR A STAR HD 43819 : A PHOTOGRAPHIC REGION LINE-IDENTIFICATION STUDY.

A line identification study of the sharp-lined silicon star HD 43819 has been performed for the photographic region λλ3759 - 4924. Comparison of this star's spectrum with those of other silicon stars shows that it shares many of their apparent abundance anomalies. The Ti II, Cr II, Fe I, and Fe II spectra are well represented while the singly-ionized rare earths are represented by at best a few lines per species.
Noise Control of a Chamber Core Cylinder Using Cylindrical Helmholtz Resonators

Previous investigations have determined that the noise transmission into a finite cylindrical structure at low frequencies is dominated by the cavity resonances. Therefore, noise control at the first several cavity resonances for a Chamber Core cylinder can significantly reduce the noise level at low frequencies inside the cylinder. This work explores the feasibility of noise control for the Chamber Core cylinder using cylindrical Helmholtz resonators. The targeted frequencies are the first four cavity resonances. Detailed considerations of the resonant frequency calculation, resonator design, and experimental verification are presented. The effects on the noise reduction spectrum of two closely spaced resonators are experimentally studied. The optimal position of the resonators is also discussed. The noise control results indicate that the Helmholtz resonators can significantly attenuate the noise level at the targeted frequency bands.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
State–press relations revisited: a case study on how American media portray the post-war Vietnam

This study revisited the state–press relations theory by analyzing the coverage of Vietnam over the 30 years between 1980 and 2009 in two leading American news magazines, Time and Newsweek . A contribution of this research is its context of the long-term and volatile relationship between these two countries. Despite progress in the diplomatic relations between the United States and Vietnam, the portrayal of Vietnam in US media remained unchanged. This finding indicates that American media do not always support the US government's political stance when covering international news. It suggests a new direction for future research applying this theory.
18O labeling of deoxyribonucleic acid during synthesis and stability of the label during replication.

Procedures are reported which suffice for the labeling of the phosphodiester linkage of Escherichia coli and T2 bacteriophage DNA with 18 O and 32 P. As a result of extensive exchange of P i oxygens with water, branch oxygens of E. coli DNA are derived almost entirely from water. In contrast, the branch oxygens of T2 phage DNA are derived in part from water but largely from P i . Stability of the 18 O-label during replication of DNA of E. coli or T2 bacteriophage conclusively eliminates the unlikely possibility that each phosphodiester bond undergoes hydrolysis with P—O cleavage and resynthesis during intracellular DNA replication. Results with E. coli suffice to eliminate such hydrolysis and resynthesis for at least five residues along the chain. A permanganate oxidation method is described which degrades DNA to yield inorganic orthophosphate containing all the branch oxygens and nearly all of the bridge oxygens of the phosphodiester linkage. Results obtained in conjunction with the replication experiments demonstrate that the C-3 and C-5 oxygens of the deoxyribose moiety are derived from glucose.
Free Fat in Foam-Dried Whole Milk

Summary Concentrates of 50% T. S. were foamed and dried in a vacuum shelf drier, and comminuted through a 20-mesh screen, Methods were developed for determination of free fat (by extraction with carbon tetrachloride) and of that fat readily separated by centrifugation of the reconstituted product. Large increases in free fat (from 10 to over 90% of the total fat) resulted from aging and lactose crystallization of the concentrate. This effect was reversed by heating immediately before drying. Free fat decreased slightly with increasing homogenization pressure. Free fat contents less than 10% of the total fat were obtained by proper control of these factors. Dispersibility of the dry milk decreased slightly with increase in free fat. The fat rise under centrifugal force in reconstituted milk was not affected by variation in free fat to about 50%. At high free fat levels, part of the fat was readily separated by centrifugation. Free fat increased with decrease in particle size. A fraction obtained by comminution through a 40-mesh screen, followed by removal of the finest particles by sieving on a 60-mesh screen, was similar in free fat, more dispersible, and much higher in bulk density when compared to the product obtained by comminution through a 20-mesh screen.
Symmetric multi-fragmentation barriers and their temperature dependence in medium and heavy mass nuclei

Abstract Shapes consisting of a series of pear-like bodies surrounding an inner joined sphere are assumed to be those associated with symmetric fission or fragmentation into two or more fragments. The shapes evolve smoothly from that of an initial spherical nucleus to the scission point. The shapes are calculated using a generalization of the cassinian ovaloid shape parameterization, which has been demonstrated to be a good approximation for binary fission. Using this parameterization, fission barriers have been calculated for 2-, 3-, 4-, 6- and 8-fold multi-fragment final states. Proximity effects are included. The temperature dependence of these fission barriers is also calculated. The importance of nuclear dynamics in determining the range in which static barriers are sampled is discussed.
Ultrastructural effects of glyphosate on Glycine max seedlings

Abstract Roots and leaves of glyphosate-treated and untreated control soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Hill] were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to elucidate some of the events involved in glyphosate phytotoxicity. Study of the gross morphology of the roots by scanning electron microscopy revealed a swollen, “club” morphology at the root tip similar, but not identical, to that noted after treatment with herbicides such as trifluralin that disrupt mitosis. The swelling occurs much more slowly with glyphosate treatment than with the classical mitosis disrupters that react directly with tubulin. Nuclei in the glyphosate-treated root cells showed symptoms of microtubule loss; cells with heavily lobed nuclei or micronuclei and cells with arrested stages of division were frequently observed. Immunoblot quantitation of tubulin from control and glyphosate-treated roots revealed the presence of less tubulin protein in the glyphosate-treated roots. Some amelioration of the microtubule stability during fixation was provided by addition of the Ca 2+ chelator EGTA. Chloroplasts of glyphosate-treated leaves were distinctly abnormal, with lamellae arranged in spiral-shaped grana stacks. Starch and stroma lamellae were also much less abundant in the glyphosate-treated plants.
Pentylenetetrazol and Renshaw cell activity.

Summary The evoked and spontaneous activity of Renshaw cells in unanesthetized spinal cats was studied with metal microelectrodes before and after pentylenetetrazol (40 mg/kg). The drug did not prolong the discharge of Renshaw cells following dorsal root or ventral root stimulation. In addition, several cells were examined for the effects of the drug on spontaneous activity. Pentylenetrazol did not produce consistent changes in the rate of discharge.
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy: A Cognitive Behavioral Approach to Parasuicide

Parasuicide, is particularly prevalent among individuals meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder (Clarkin, Widiger, Frances. Hurt, & Gil-more, 1983). To date almost all published treatments for these individuals have been psychoanalytic (Adler, 1985; Kernberg, 1984; Masterson, 1976). Behavior therapy methods are also useful. Over the past several years, we have developed and evaluated a comprehensive, behavioral treatment Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for chronically parasuicidal individuals. DBT is based on a biosocial theory that views parasuicide as problem-solving behavior emitted to cope with or ameliorate psychic distress brought on by negative environmental events, self-generated dysfunctional behaviors, and individual temperamental characteristics. Three factors keep parasuicide high in the individual's hierarchy of problem-solving responses: (1) low distress tolerance, (2) inadequate functional coping resources, and (3) parasuicidogenic expectancies. Low distress tolerance provi...
Anti-theft travel bag design: advantage, interest, and satisfaction

Theft around the world continues to rise and among the victims of theft, tourists have always been easy targets for thieves. However, research into the investigation of tourists’ perceptions of and attitudes towards the existing designs of anti-theft products is scarce. In this study, several bag theft cases were identified and corresponding anti-theft designs were selected. Consumers’ perceptions of advantage, interest, and satisfaction were collected through online image survey among college students. The results identified consumers’ perceptions of the existing designs of anti-theft travel bags and provided the designers with useful and practical suggestions during the bag designing processes. Modified designs are expected to enhance the theoretical plausibility of anti-theft function of travel bags, which might be capable of building up barriers to criminals and preventing or reducing the occurrences of bag theft incidents.
Promotion of physical activity in individuals with intellectual disability

This paper provides an overview of strategies that have been used to promote physical activity in individuals with intellectual disability. Several different approaches are discussed and the strengths and limitations of each are presented. Some determinants of physical activity for individuals with intellectual disability are also reported in an effort to better understand the factors that influence participation that could be targeted in future interventions. Recommendations for programming are provided.
Testosterone Recovery after Polytrauma and Scrotal Injury in Patients from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom

Purpose: We examined the long-term natural history of testosterone recovery in patients with complex battle injuries.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who participated in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, and underwent urological surgical consultation at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. or the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, from 2001 to August 2011. Of the 192 patient charts reviewed 138 (72%) had testosterone values available. The study inclusion criterion of at least 2 testosterone measurements, including 1 made within 40 days of injury, was met by 84 patients (61%) with testosterone data available. Those treated with bilateral orchiectomy were not required to meet this criterion.Results: Initial patient testosterone after injury in the testosterone recovery group was inversely proportional to the degree of scrotal injury. In patients in whom testosterone recovered to at least 250 ng/dl the recovery occurr...
Long‐term vegetation changes in a temperate forest impacted by climate change

Pervasive forest mortality is expected to increase in future decades as a result of increasing temperatures. Climate-induced forest dieback can have consequences on ecosystem services, potentially mediated by changes in forest structure and understory community composition that emerge in response to tree death. Although many dieback events around the world have been documented in recent years, yellow-cedar (Callitropsis nootkatensis) decline provides an opportunity to study vegetation changes occurring over the past century. Current research identifies climate-related reductions in snow cover as a key driver of this species dieback. To examine the process of forest development post-dieback, we conducted vegetation surveys at 50 plots along the outer coast of southeast Alaska across a chronosequence of mortality. Our main study objectives were to examine changes in seedling and sapling abundance, and community structure of conifer species in the overstory; effects of yellow-cedar mortality on plant diversi...
Distance perception mediated through nested contact relations among surfaces

In complex natural scenes, objects at different spatial locations can usually be related to each other through nested contact relations among adjoining surfaces. Our research asks how well human observers, under monocular static viewing conditions, are able to utilize this information in distance perception. We present computer-generated naturalistic scenes of a cube resting on a platform, which is in turn resting on the ground. Observers adjust the location of a marker on the ground to equal the perceived distance of the cube. We find that (1) perceived distance of the cube varies appropriately as the perceived location of contact between the platform and the ground varies; (2) variability increases systematically as the relating surfaces move apart; and (3) certain local edge alignments allow precise propagation of distance information. These results demonstrate considerable efficiency in the mediation of distance perception through nested contact relations among surfaces.
Towards a software maintenance support environment

The authors have designed a software maintenance support environment (SMSE) to assist in the maintenance of existing source code. They model software maintenance as a hybrid distributed problem-solving activity, in which the application-dependent knowledge is provided by the system, and common sense, programming expertise, and problem-solving knowledge are provided by the people on the project team. To define a set of requirements to be satisfied by a SMSE, a series of maintenance tasks were performed on an inventory control application consisting of about 68000 lines of Cobol program. These results of experiments, including lessons learned and requirements for an SMSE, are presented. A key role of the SMSE is to help the software engineer find all information relevant to a particular maintenance task without examining a lot of extraneous material. Access to the decision structure and the ability to assess the impact of decisions constitute the most important issue to be addressed by the SMSE. The experiments indicate that a high degree of reusability could be achieved for certain tasks using the information contained in the closure of that task. >
Writing about Clients: Ethical Considerations and Options.

Today, the decision to prepare clinical case material for publication is a decision that cannot be taken lightly. The decision involves reviewing ethical considerations and choosing among various options to safeguard client privacy. Such options include seeking the client's permission, disguising case material, and developing composite case material. These considerations are discussed and options are described along with guidelines and a case example illustrating these points.
Alfalfa cultivar response to phosphorus and potassium deficiency: Elemental composition of the herbage

While phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) use efficiencies in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are subject to genetic control, selection for these traits also affects the utilization of other nutrients. I...
Supernatural supersymmetry: Phenomenological implications of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking

We discuss the phenomenology of supersymmetric models in which supersymmetry breaking terms are induced by the super-Weyl anomaly. Such a scenario is envisioned to arise when supersymmetry breaking takes place in another world, i.e., on another brane. We review the anomaly-mediated framework and study in detail the minimal anomaly-mediated model parametrized by only 3+1 parameters: M{sub aux}, m{sub 0}, tan {beta}, and sgn({mu}). The renormalization group equations exhibit a novel ''focus point'' (as opposed to fixed point) behavior, which allows squark and slepton masses far above their usual naturalness bounds. We present the superparticle spectrum and highlight several implications for high energy colliders. Three lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) candidates exist: the W-ino, the stau, and the tau sneutrino. For the W-ino LSP scenario, light W-ino triplets with the smallest possible mass splittings are preferred; such W-inos are within reach of run II Fermilab Tevatron searches. Finally, we study a variety of sensitive low energy probes, including b{yields}s{gamma}, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and the electric dipole moments of the electron and neutron. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
In-Situ Observations of the Deep-sea Goosefish Sladenia shaefersi Caruso and Bullis (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), with Evidence of Extreme Sexual Dimorphism

The deep-sea goosefish Sladenia shaefersi Caruso and Bullis, now known from only six specimens in collections around the world, appears to be more common than once thought, as indicated by recent in-situ observations off the southeastern United States and in the northern Gulf of Mexico. These sightings have provided new information on geographic distribution, behavior, and habitat, plus evidence for an extreme size difference between putative males and females.
Autonomia: an autonomic computing environment

The proliferation of Internet technologies, services and devices, have made the current networked system designs, and management tools incapable of designing reliable, secure networked systems and services. In fact, we have reached a level of complexity, heterogeneity, and a rapid change rate that our information infrastructure is becoming unmanageable and insecure. This had led researchers to consider alternative designs and management techniques that are based on strategies used by biological systems to deal with complexity, heterogeneity and uncertainty. The approach is referred to as autonomic computing. An autonomic computing system is the system that has the capabilities of being self-defining, self-healing, self-configuring, self-optimizing, etc. We present our approach to implement an autonomic computing infrastructure, Autonomia that provides dynamically programmable control and management services to support the development and deployment of smart (intelligent) applications. The Autonomia environment provides the application developers with all the tools required to specify the appropriate control and management schemes to maintain any quality of service requirement or application attribute/functionality (e.g., performance, fault, security, etc.) and the core autonomic middleware services to maintain the autonomic requirements of a wide range of network applications and services. We have successfully implemented a proof-of-concept prototype system that can support the self-configuring, self-deploying and self-healing of any networked application.
The acquired pellicle: immunofluorescent demonstration of specific proteins.

. Sterile polished slabs of bovine enamel, mounted in small acrylic cylinders, were held in the mouth for 2 hours. The acquired pellicles deposited on the enamel surfaces were examined in situ on the slabs or after transfer to microscope slides. Indirect immunofluorescent staining in situ afforded positive identification of IgA and lysozyme in pellicles. The preferred technique required acid separation of the pellicle from the enamel, transfer to a microscope slide, and fixation in cold ethanol. Histochemically, this pellicle appeared to he predominantly basic. Results of indirect immunofluorescent tracing indicated that IgA and lysozyme were regular constituents of the pellicle, amylase and IgG were less consistently detected, and albumin and fibrinogen were rarely encountered.
HORMONES OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

THE ESSENTIAL CONTRIBUTION which subsequently led to the elucidation of the I chemical nature of the hormones of the adrenal cortex was the use of organic solvents for the extraction of the active material from epinephrine and toxic substances which are associated with the hormones in the gland (i, a). By this procedure extracts more or less potent have been made available since 1930, and it has now been shown that patients with Addison's disease and adrenalectomized animals can be protected by an extract of the adrenal cortex against the fatal consequences which are associated with a deficiency of this essential gland. Although this achievement, which indicates that the activity of the adrenal cortex can be substituted by the extract, is satisfactory and under certain conditions highly dramatic, there are many uestions which arise in regard to the nature of the extract. During the past twelve years definite
Las matemáticas sutiles o los límites del saber en La vida es sueño

Este articulo pretende leer La vida es sueno contra el trasfondo epistemologico de la cambiante percepcion de la naturaleza fisica del universo y la cuestion de la legitimidad de la fisicamatematica para describirla, que tanto debate provocaba en las primeras decadas del siglo XVII. La obra maestra de Calderon se construye en dialogo critico con este contexto filosofico, pues Basilio es tanto astrologo como matematico. El desengano final del Rey demuestra que el nuevo determinismo cientifico que se extendia cada vez mas en la epoca, exagera la capacidad del hombre para interpretar de manera matematica, es decir, empirica y conclusiva, tanto los grandes signos celestiales como las mas cotidianas senales de identidad personal. De esta manera, La vida es sueno desarrolla una semiotica inestable y dependiente de multiples variables en constante proceso de cambio, realzando asi la necesidad de una filosofia moral basada en la recta razon escolastica y capaz de abarcar todas las peripecias de una vida caotica y...
Laptops in the K-12 classrooms: Exploring factors impacting instructional use

The purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting teachers' integration of laptops into classroom instruction. A research-based path model was tested based on data gathered from 379 K-12 school teachers to examine direct and indirect contributions of relevant institutional factors (overall support for school technology, technical support, and professional development) and teacher level factors (teacher readiness and teacher beliefs). The major premise of this study was that the hypothesized path model was powerful enough to explain a substantial amount of variance in teacher readiness (43%), beliefs (51%), and laptop integration (55%). The results suggest that teacher level factors (teacher readiness and teacher beliefs) strongly predict laptop integration, and that overall support for school technology and professional development have strong effects on teacher beliefs and readiness, respectively. All school-level factors also had a significant indirect impact on laptop integration, which is mediated by teacher readiness and beliefs.
ASSAY OF GLUTETHIMIDE TABLETS.

A method is presented for the isolation of glutethimide by partition chromatography and its determination by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The acid amide, 4-ethyl-4-phenylglutaramic acid, a degradation product of glutethimide, may also be quantitatively isolated and determined. The assay is based on the absorbance of the imide in a chloroform solution at its maximum near 257.5 m μ . The identity of the imide and of the acid amide are confirmed by their ultraviolet characteristics in methanolic potassium hydroxide and by their infrared spectra.
Mutagenicity of filtrates from respirable coal fly ash

Incubation of histidine-requiring auxotrophs of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium with cyclohexane-, saline-, and serum-soluble surface components of respirable fly ash particles produced an increased number of revertants in two frameshift tester strains. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that both organic and inorganic mutagens are present in coal fly ash.
On the number of positive eigenvalues in a class of two-body quantum systems with nonlocal interaction

Using the dilatation analytic techniques recently introduced in potential scattering, an upper bound on the number of positive eigenvalues is obtained for a class of two-body quantum systems with nonlocal interactions.
Cost Modeling for Design Justification

Product cost models are usually developed after the product design has been completed. As a result, the economic trade-offs made throughout the design process are often made on an ad-hoc basis. As an alternative, a product cost model can be developed for use through the design process. This procedure will give more accurate cost information and will enhance decision making during the design process. This simultaneous development of the product design and cost model is termed design justification, implying the design is economically and functionally justified as it is developed. In this paper a framework is presented for design justification and the results from a prototype of a system are given.
Complex Litigation: CAFA Burdens of Proof

Commentary and analysis of which party carries the burden of proof in establishing federal jurisdiction under the Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 (CAFA). Congress enacted CAFA in 2005 to create new federal diversity jurisdiction especially for class actions. In order to gain access to federal court, the proponents of a class action must demonstrate diversity of citizenship between the class claimants and the defendants, that there are at least 100 members in the class, and that the amount in controversy exceeds $5 million. 28 U.S.C. § 1332(d). To satisfy these requirements, the proponents needs only to show minimal diversity among the parties, and may aggregate the claimants’ damages to reach the $5 million amount-in-controversy threshold. In addition, the CAFA statutory scheme created new removal jurisdiction for class actions filed in state courts. 28 U.S.C. § 1453. This article discusses the allocation of the burden of proof to establish good federal class action diversity jurisdiction for class action originally filed in federal court under CAFA, and cases removed to federal court under the new CAFA removal provision. Federal district courts have reached conflicting decisions concerning which party carries the burden of proof to establish CAFA jurisdiction.
Supply and Perceived Demand for Teleophthalmology in Triage and Consultations in California Emergency Departments.

Importance Determining the perceived supply and potential demand for teleophthalmology in emergency departments could help mitigate coverage gaps in emergency ophthalmic care. Objective To evaluate the perceived current need for and availability of ophthalmologist coverage in California emergency departments and the potential effect of telemedicine for ophthalmology triage and consultation. Design, Setting, and Participants Surveys were remotely administered to 187 of the 254 emergency departments throughout California via the telephone and Internet from June 30 to September 23, 2014. Emergency department nurse managers and physicians from all emergency departments listed in the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database were individually surveyed to assess facility characteristics and resources as well as the perceived usefulness of teleophthalmology consultation. Data analysis was conducted from June 30, 2014, to March 11, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Perceived availability of ophthalmology consultation coverage and perceived effect of telemedicine ophthalmology consultation at each facility. Results Of the 187 emergency departments surveyed, 18 of 37 rural facilities (48.6%) reported availability of emergency ophthalmology coverage, compared with 112 of 150 nonrural facilities (74.7%). Rural facilities reported a mean (SD) of 23.72 (14.15) miles between the facility and referral location, while nonrural facilities reported a mean of 4.41 (10.23) miles (19.3% difference). On a scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 signifies very low value and 5 signifies very high value), 124 of 187 nurse managers (66.3%) and 80 of 121 physicians (66.1%) rated teleophthalmology as having high or very high value for triage purposes. The most frequently cited potential advantage of emergency teleophthalmology was assistance in patient triage and immediate real-time electronic communication, and the most frequently cited potential disadvantages were unknown cost of contracting and maintenance and concern that eye trauma might make photographs or videos less conclusive. Conclusions and Relevance Availability of ophthalmology coverage for emergency eye care is limited, particularly among rural emergency departments in California. Surveyed emergency department nurse managers and physicians indicated moderately high interest and perceived value for a teleophthalmology solution for remote triage and consultation. Overall, the study suggests that teleophthalmology could play a role in mitigating coverage gaps in emergency ophthalmic care and could be further investigated through similar studies in other regions.
Activities and isozymes of acid phosphatase in Schizophyllum commune: a re-examination

Specific activities and isozymes of acid phosphatase (AcPase) were analyzed in colonies of Schizophyllum commune, a basidiomycete. Isogenic strains examined included two homokaryons, the dikaryon formed from them, and Bmut, a homokaryon with a primary mutation in the B incompatibility factor. In the homokaryons and the dikaryon AcPase activity increased with age to a peak at nine days and then declined; however, the activity of Bmut continued to rise after the ninth day. Two bands of activity were always present in polyacrylamide gels of extracts from all four strains at all ages analyzed. However, a third band appeared at different times in aging colonies of the homokaryons versus the dikaryon. A plot of the log of the mobility of the isozymes versus gel concentration provided evidence that these isozymes were primarily charge isomers, hence, not likely the result of proteolysis. These results are in contrast to the numerous isozymes of AcPase observed by Wang and Raper for several strains of Schizophyllum. We think their studies contain artifacts produced by the procedures they used.
SIZE-FECUNDITY RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS IN FIVE DESMOGNATHINE SALAMANDERS.

The plethodontid salamander genus Desmognathus comprises seven species according to current taxonomy, of which six occur in, and four are endemic to the Appalachian Mountain system of eastern North America. Over most of the southern Blue Ridge Physiographic Province several of these forms may exist sympatrically. An apparent maximum of sympatry occurs in the Balsam Mountains of southwestern Virginia, where five species, D. quadramaculatus, D. monticola, D. fuscus, D. ochrophaeus, and D. wrighti occur in abundance. Organ (1961) studied the ecological relationships and population dynamics of these species at Whitetop Mountain and Mt. Rogers in the Balsam Mountains. Hairston (1949) compared the ecologies of D. quadramaculatus, D. monticola, D. ochrophaeus, and D. wrighti in the Black Mountains of North Carolina where those four forms occur sympatrically. Both authors found that, in the order given above, these species form a series in which decreasing size is paralleled by an increasing tendency toward terrestrial habits. Organ further found that the trend is also paralleled by increasing juvenile survivorship. He concluded that heavier juvenile mortality is associated with aquatic sites, and that D. quadrarnaculatus, D. monticola, D. fuscus, D. ochrophaeus, and D. wrighti represent an evolutionary trend in which selection has favored progressively more terrestrial habits. Size and egg production are positively correlated in the genus Desmognathus, as they are in many animals. Organ (1961) also emphasized that the larger species lay larger clutches than the smaller ones, and that the evolutionary trend within the genus has been "the gradual transformation of a population with a high egg production and low survival into a population with low egg production and a high survival to maturity." He found no differences in number of clutches per year or age at maturity that might compensate for differences in clutch size. This paper attempts to further explore and compare the relationships between size and fecundity among the five sympatric species of Desmognathus and to elaborate on the hypotheses drawn by Organ relative to evolutionary trends in reproductive habits. In particular I have sought to determine whether fecundity differences among the five species are explained simply by differences in their sizes, or whether sizefecundity relationships are more complex.
Inaugural Editorial: What We Mean by “Open”

examine learning processes and outcomes in any context (e.g., early childhood, primary and secondary, after-school, postsecondary, lifelong learning) or country. Although we anticipate that the vast majority of articles published in AREA Open will be empirical studies, we also seek innovative conceptual articles that make exceptional contributions in illuminating learning processes and outcomes or methodological articles that offer new approaches in the collection or analysis of data. (3) Open to Inspection and Replication. One-off studies featuring statistically significant results based on single estimation approaches and data sets are of limited value, yet they typify today’s social and behavioral research, including in education research. Indeed, one recent study indicated that only 0.13% of articles published in the top 100 education journals are replications (Makel & Plucker, 2014). To help place education research on the strongest footing, we will ask contributors to engage in extensive robustness-checking using alternative estimation techniques or data sets and report results in online appendices; publish their research instruments, protocols, and guides; and, if appropriate, include direct replications of related findings from published research. Consonant with AERA data-sharing policy, we will expect authors to provide access to article-related data and setup files.
Heat Utilization and Energy-saving Renovation of Circulating Water System

A new energy saving reconstruction of circulating water system is proposed to improve the heating capacity of the thermal power plants and reduce the cold source loss caused by the turbine exhaust steam.For a circulating water system,the waste heat produced by circulating water is used to heat heating network backwater through absorption heat pump.This can not only save the circulating water,but also ensure the heating needs of the user.The results show that,a lot of coal and water resources can be saved by energy saving reconstruction.It provides guidance and basis to similar units for energy saving reconstruction.
Effect of pH on potassium and proton conductance in renal proximal tubule.

The effect of intracellular and extracellular pH on potassium conductance (GK) was examined in isolated amphibian (Rana pipiens) proximal tubule cells under whole cell voltage clamp conditions. Internal perfusion of the patch pipette was used to precisely control intracellular pH. In the region of normal resting potential (-51 +/- 3 mV), raising cell pH from 6.5 to 8.0 did not significantly increase GK (1.1 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.3 +/- 0.3 nS; P > 0.08, n = 8). Similar elevations in external (bath) pH had even less of an effect on GK. In contrast, when cells were voltage clamped to 30 mV more negative than the resting potential, raising internal pH from 6.5 to 8.0 did increase GK from 1.05 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.5 nS (P < 0.04; n = 8). These results suggest that modest changes in pH have little effect on GK, except at large negative potentials. In the process of examining the pH dependence of GK, a slowly activating, voltage-dependent conductance of 7.5 +/- 1 nS (n = 20; for 20 microns cells) was observed during cel...
Selma to Saigon: The Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War. By Daniel S. Lucks. (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2014. Pp. 366. $35.00.)

Many scholars have characterized the anti‐Vietnam War and civil rights movements as two of the greatest social protest campaigns in the history of the United States. The escalation of US involvemen...
Dawn of the cantilaser

For those of us who grew up in the 1960s, the ubiquity of lasers in modern physical science is astonishing. For the year 2000, for example, the physical science database INSPEC catalogued more than 20,000 entries – about 6% of all abstracts – that contained the word "laser".