cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oceanographic work originating in the New York region during 1925–1926

Expeditions which have included oceanographic, or related field, work in their schedules during the last year are as follows: Cruise of Mr. Harry Payne Bingham's yacht Pawnee. Cruise of Mr. William K. Vanderbilt's yacht Ara. Cruise of the steamship Arcturus, under the auspices of the New York Zoological Society.
Amyloid precursor protein interacts with notch receptors.

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) must fulfill important roles based on its sequence conservation from fly to human. Although multiple functions for APP have been proposed, the best-known role for this protein is as the precursor of Ab peptide, a neurotoxic 39–43-amino acid peptide crucial to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. To investigate additional roles for APP with an eye toward understanding the molecular basis of the pleiotropic effects ascribed to APP, we isolated proteins that interacted with the plasma membrane isoform of APP. We employed a membrane-impermeable crosslinker to immobilize proteins binding to transmembrane APP in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells expressing APP751 (HEK275) or rat embryonic day 18 primary neurons infected with a virus expressing APP. Notch2 was identified as a potential APP binding partner based on mass spectrometry analysis of APP complexes immunopurified from neurons. To confirm the interaction between Notch2 and APP, we carried out immunoprecipitation studies in HEK275 cells transiently expressing full-length Notch2 using Notch2 antibodies. The results indicated that APP and Notch2 interact in mammalian cells, and confirmed our initial findings. Interestingly, Notch1 also coimmunoprecipitated with APP, suggesting that APP and Notch family members may engage in intermolecular cross talk to modulate cell function. Finally, cotransfection of APP/CFP and Notch2/YFP into COS cells revealed that these two proteins colocalize on the plasma membrane. Intracellularly, however, although some APP and Notch molecules colocalize, others reside in distinct locations. The discovery of proteins that interact with APP may aid in the identification of new functions for APP. V C 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of excess iodine on thyroid and liver lysosomal enzymes.

Abstract The lysosomal enzymes, cathepsin D and β-glucuronidase, were measured in subcellular fractions of rat thyroid and liver tissue after the rats were subjected to 3 days of excess iodine administration. Excess iodine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the activity of both of these thyroid tissue lysosomal enzymes, as well as a redistribution of enzyme activity. The latency of isolated intact lysosomes from excess iodine-treated rats was also compared to that of lysosomes from untreated rats and those administered pharmacological doses of methylprednisolone. Lysosomal stabilization occurred in the methylprednisolone-treated rats, but not in those which received excess iodine. In addition, excess iodine was found to be organ specific in that it did not significantly change liver lysosomal enzyme activity or stabilize isolated liver lysosomes. Our data support the hypothesis that excess iodine may decrease thyroglobulin hydrolysis by reducing available lysosomal proteolytic enzymes. Iodine does not function by the mechanism of lysosomal membrane stabilization.
Conversation and Credibility: Broadening Journalism Criticism Through Public Engagement

As technology and public expectations have expanded journalism into a practice shared by many, criticism remains the province of a relative few. Bloggers have added their voices to professionals' self-criticism, and social media have vastly expanded opportunities for dialogic exchanges. Building on earlier research, this article seeks to expand journalism criticism by applying the dominant public relations model of two-way symmetrical communication. This includes collaboration, compromise, listening, and a desire to balance power—attributes that can enable journalists to be transparent, accountable, and autonomous if they publicly replicate the thoughtfulness of conversations they have long had among themselves.
Dynamic Bayesian network modeling for longitudinal brain morphometry

Identifying interactions among brain regions from structural magnetic-resonance images presents one of the major challenges in computational neuroanatomy. We propose a Bayesian data-mining approach to the detection of longitudinal morphological changes in the human brain. Our method uses a dynamic Bayesian network to represent evolving inter-regional dependencies. The major advantage of dynamic Bayesian network modeling is that it can represent complicated interactions among temporal processes. We validated our approach by analyzing a simulated atrophy study, and found that this approach requires only a small number of samples to detect the ground-truth temporal model. We further applied dynamic Bayesian network modeling to a longitudinal study of normal aging and mild cognitive impairment — the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. We found that interactions among regional volume-change rates for the mild cognitive impairment group are different from those for the normal-aging group.
Controlling chaos in El Niño

Many weather and climate phenomena are chaotic in nature; indeed for many people this is the canonical example of a chaotic system. However, because of this, it is at least theoretically possible to have significant influence over these systems with extremely small control inputs. This potential is explored using the Cane-Zebiak 33 000-state model of the El-Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The model dynamics are nonlinear and chaotic, and the optimal control input can be found through iteration using the adjoint simulation. The performance of this optimal control (which implicitly assumes perfect model and state information) is compared with a simple SISO linear feedback. Significant reductions in ENSO amplitude are (theoretically) possible with very small control inputs, illustrating that it is possible to have significant influence over large-scale climatic phenomena without correspondingly large control effort.
Age-related changes in the sensitivity of sympathetic nerves to altered extracellular calcium in tail arteries of F-344 rats

Abstract There is a significant age-related increase in stimulation evoked norepinephrine release from adrenergic nerves in tail arteries of F-344 rats, that is not accounted for by a change in function of prejunctional α2-adrenergic receptors. To further explore the mechanism of this age-related change in transmitter release, we investigated the effect of altered extracellular calcium. With short stimulation trains the effects of altered eztracellular calcium were significantly greater in 20-month-old tail arteries compared to 6 months. At the highest calcium concentration (7.5 mM) when α2-adrenergic receptors were active or blocked, there was a significant decline in fractional norepinephrine release only in arteries of 20-month-old animals. With long stimulation trains the effects of altered extracellular calcium were not as pronounced as with short trains, but the effect of calcium was still significantly greater in 20 month old tail arteries. With α2-adrenergic receptors blocked 6 month tail arteries were insensitive to altered calcium while 20-month tail arteries remained sensitive. One explanation for these findings may be an age-related change in the efficiency of intracellular calcium buffering mechanisms leading to greater calcium transients in the nerves of older animals.
High-temperature instrumented microscale compression molding of Pb

Compression molding of Pb plates with LiGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung, Abformung) fabricated Ni microscale mold inserts was carried out in the temperature range of 100–300 °C. In-situ measurements of compressive molding force, demolding friction force and insert displacement were carried out with a custom-built, high-vacuum, high-temperature, instrumented molding machine. Microscale features generated on Pb plates and insert condition after repeated molding runs were examined. The in-situ force monitoring capability enabled compressive stresses needed for molding and frictional stresses generated by demolding to be measured as a function of temperature. Our results demonstrate that, in cases where no significant metal/insert chemical interactions exist, present LiGA fabricated Ni inserts possess adequate mechanical properties for repeated micromolding of low melting temperature metals.
In vitro effects of Fusarium blight-controlling fungicides on pathogens of Poa pratensis

Abstract An experimental iprodione fungicide,3-(3,5dichlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylethyl)-2,4-dioxo-1-imidazolidinecarboxamide, controls Fusarium blight of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), but it also amplifies the proportion of crowns colonized by Fusarium and the number of its propagules in soils. In contrast, the disease, the proportion of infected crowns, and the numbers of propagules in soil are generally suppressed by benomyl, methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate. Triadimefon, 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone, also controls the disease but is not stimulatory or inhibitory of fusaria. Iprodione and benomyl were studied for their effects on growth and sporulation of Fusarium acuminatum isolated from diseased crowns; iprodione had no or slightly stimulatory effects, and benomyl greatly suppressed these processes, except in a benomyl-tolerant strain. Toxicities of iprodione and benomyl to 1555 identified Fusarium isolates from Kentucky bluegrass turf were determined, as were the toxicities of iprodione to 23 turfgrass pathogens. Of the Fusarium spp, only F. solani was significantly inhibited by iprodione, whereas all were inhibited by benomyl. Iprodione-sensitive fungi included species of Bipolaris, Corticium, Curvularia, Drechslera, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, and Typhula. Insensitive fungi included Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, and Pythium. Investigations with selective fungicides indicate that the primary causal agent of Fusarium blight is not among the fusaria, and that re-interpretation of the disease and its etiology is necessary.
TGF-β2 is increased after fetal tracheal occlusion

Abstract Background/Purpose: Fetal tracheal occlusion (TO) accelerates lung growth in normal and hypoplastic fetal lung. The mechanism of accelerated lung growth remains unknown but may be a result of growth factor induction. Previous studies of growth factors induced by tracheal ligation have characterized mRNA rather than protein expression. Although the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family participates in normal lung morphogenesis, its role in lung growth after TO is unclear. The authors hypothesize that TGF-β expression is increased with TO and may contribute to the accelerated lung growth seen after TO. Methods: Diaphragmatic hernia (DH) was created in 80-day-gestation sheep (n = 6; term, 145) by excising the left diaphragm. At 110 days, the trachea was occluded (n = 4) with a clip. DH controls (n = 2) were not occluded. Fetuses were killed at 139 days, and lung samples were snap frozen for tissue analysis. Non-DH control lungs were harvested from full-term animals (n = 2). TGF-β mRNA was analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcriptionase—polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TGF-β protein was assessed by Western blot analysis. Results: TGF-β1 mRNA and protein were not increased with tracheal ligation compared with either non-DH or DH controls. TGF-β2, however, was markedly increased, at both the mRNA and protein level, in ligated lungs compared with nonligated controls. Conclusions: TGF-β2 protein, but not TGF-β1, is increased in the hypoplastic lungs of fetal sheep after tracheal occlusion. Increased TGF-β2 expression appears to result from increased or prolonged expression of mRNA transcripts. This is the first study to document a change in growth factor protein levels after TO. Increased TGF-β2 expression may contribute to accelerated lung growth and decreased surfactant production observed after tracheal occlusion.
Folic acid fortification and colorectal cancer risk

Abstract The U.S. has been reported as the only country experiencing a decline in incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC), despite increasing prevalence of CRC major risk factors, including the Western dietary pattern and obesity. This paper presents a hypothesis that improved folate status in the U.S. is the factor that could most likely explain the seemingly contradictory phenomenon, although a momentary increase in CRC incidence rates was observed in the later 1990s with the initiation of nationwide folic acid fortification. To corroborate this hypothesis, time trends in CRC incidence rates and death rates in the U.S. were plotted by age, race, and gender based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER); data were analyzed by simultaneously addressing the following four critical factors: (1) a long induction period between improved folate status and potential protection of CRC; (2) a change in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulation in 1973 on the dose of folic acid allowed in supplements; (3) differential impacts of 1973 regulatory change and 1990s mandatory fortification by race; and (4) changes in CRC screening over time in the U.S. Although this type of analysis precludes a definitive conclusion, available evidence suggests that the increase in CRC incidence rates in the later 1990s is unlikely due to folic acid fortification and, assuming a time lag of a decade or longer to see a benefit on CRC, folate appears to be one of the most promising factors that could explain the downward trend of CRC incidence rates in the U.S.
Tandem queue with group arrivals and no intermediate buffer

We study a system with two single-server stations in series. There is an infinite buffer in front of the first station and no buffer between the two stations. The customers come in groups; the groups contain random numbers of customers and arrive according to a Poisson process. Assuming general service time distributions at the two stations, we derive the Laplace transform and the recursive formula for the moments of the total time spent in the tandem system (waiting time in the system) by an arbitrary customer. From the Laplace transform, we conclude that the optimal order of the servers for minimizing the waiting time in the system does not depend on the group size.
An Electromotive Force Series in a Borosilicate Glass‐Forming Melt

An electromotive force series for redox couples was defined as a function of oxygen fugacity in a borosilicate melt at 1150 C. The resulting order of relative reduction potentials can be used to estimate the amounts of redox species in glass during processing. The electromotive force series in this melt is comparable to those in other silicate glass-forming melts and in aqueous systems but differs in detail because of interaction of the solvents with individual redox couples.
Generating design proposals with APL graphic functions

This paper describes a computer graphics system intended for use by architectural designers in creating building form. It emphasizes ease of input by an organized system of unit sized geometric figures and provides a wide choice of modifications to those figures. The focus of the paper is on the method of unit figure construction that permits modifications to the figures, and interpolations between pairs of figures.
Interleukin-15 enhances immune reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a γ-common cytokine that plays an important role in the development, survival, and proliferation of natural killer (NK), NK T, and CD8+ T-cells. We administered IL-15 to recipients of an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo BMT) to determine its effects on immune reconstitution. Posttransplantation IL-15 administration significantly increased donor-derived CD8+ T (mostly CD122+CD44+CD8+ T-cells), NK, and NK T-cells at day +28 in young and old recipients of allo BMT. This was associated with enhanced T-cell and NK-cell function. IL-15 stimulated homeostatic proliferation of donor CD8+ T-cells in recipients of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester–labeled donor T-cell infusions. Posttransplantation IL-15 administration also resulted in a decrease in apoptotic CD8+ T-cells, an increase in Bcl-2–expressing CD8+ T-cells, and an increase in the fraction of Ki67+ proliferative NK and CD8+ T-cells in recipients of allo BMT. IL-15 did not exacerbate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in recipients of T-cell–depleted BMT but could aggravate GVHD in some cases in recipients of a T-cell–repleted BMT. Finally, we found that IL-15 administration could enhance graft-versus-leukemia activity. In conclusion, IL-15 can be administered safely to recipients of a T-cell–depleted allo BMT to enhance CD8+ T, NK, and NK T-cell reconstitution.
Isolation of an Iron Pigment From Human Red Hair

SummaryA red iron pigment was isolated from human red hair. The presented data indicate that it may be a complex phenolic iron compound in which the phenolic OH group is attached to a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen.
Chronology of terrestrial planet evolution: The evidence from Mercury

Abstract It is premature to establish a chronology for Mars and Mercury, relative to the known lunar chronology, to better than an order of magnitude. Lunar evidence neither requires nor excludes a “cataclysmic” episode of bombardment about 4.0 b.y. ago. Such a cataclysm might have resulted naturally from tidal disruption by a planet or collisional fragmentation in the asteroid belt of either a Uranus/Neptune-scattered planetesimal or a large asteroid, in which case any lunar cataclysm would have occurred as well on other planets. There is no independent evidence in Mariner 10 imagery for (or against) an early episodic bombardment on Mercury. Crater densities on plains units of the Moon, Mars, and Mercury have not been shown to be “strikingly similar” and do not imply, in the absence of definitive dynamical calculations of planetary impact rates of plausible populations of planetesimals, any similarity in the geological chronologies for those planets. Photogeological studies alone cannot determine absolute chronologies for planets. In combination with dynamical analyses, they can help us date to no better than a factor of 3 to 10 the formation of the Caloris Basin or the epoch when the Martian rivers ran.
Toroidal structures from brush amphiphiles

The self-assembly of macromolecular brushes of varying amphiphilic character from homogeneous solution under rapid assembly conditions results in unique morphologies, distinct from equilibrium structures. Kinetic features of the assembly process enabled the formation of toroid structures, the sizes of which were readily tuned according to solvent quality.
The outward transport of cortisol by mammalian cells in vitro.

It has been determined that cortisol and a few other steroids are transported outward from certain mammalian cells growing in vitro. The extrusion process is temperature dependent, glucose dependent, saturable, and operates for only a few selected steroids. Many, but not all, steroids are able to block the extrusion process but are not themselves transported. The outward transport process for steroids has been found in mouse fibroblasts, mouse lymphoma cells, and functional mouse adrenal gland tumor cells growing in vitro. The transport process is not present in two varieties of cells cultured from human sources—HeLa or diploid fibroblasts, WI-38.
SOME MORPHOLOGIC AND KINETIC STUDIES OF THE DEVELOPING ERYTHROID CELLS OF THE COMMON GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS

Developing erythroid cells of the goldfish Carassius auratus were obtained from kidney prints and from smears of the peripheral blood. All preparations were stained with the May-Grunwald Giemsa technique. Developing cells were divided into six different stages. The criteria used to stage the cells were degree of chromatin condensation, degree of basophilia, nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, and cell shape. The morphology of the maturation sequence for erythroid cells in this organism was similar to that found by other workers in other non-mammalian vertebrates. Fish received intraperitoneal injections of tritiated thymidine, tritiated uridine or tritiated leucine so that the stages involved in DNA synthesis, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis could be determined by means of autoradiography. For the tritiated thymidine studies the per cent labeled cells per stage from four different series receiving 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 or 6.0 μCi/g body weight were pooled, since subjecting the average per cent labeled cells per stage at the lowest and at the highest dosages to Student's t-test showed no significant differences. In all four series the fish were killed 2 hr, 12 hr and daily, 1–8 days post-injection. The 3H-TdR studies showed that stages I-IV were engaged in DNA synthesis; they also showed that about 5 days were required for the stage V cell to become a mature erythrocyte (stage VI cell). Tritiated uridine was injected at a dosage of 5.0 μCi/g body weight and animals were killed 1/2, 1, 3 and 6 hr post-injection. Grain counts showed that stages I-IV are engaged in RNA synthesis and that the rate of this synthesis decreased as maturation proceeded. Tritiated leucine was administered at a dosage of 5.0 μCi/g body weight, and fish were killed 45 min and 3 hr post-injection. Grain counts indicate that stages I-V are engaged in the synthesis of protein (assumed to be globin). The fact that DNA and RNA synthesis ceased with stage IV cells while protein synthesis continued into stage V cells indicated that the mechanism responsible for protein synthesis in stage V cells was produced at an earlier stage and was self-sustained for about 5 days.
First report of downy mildew of chives caused by Peronospora destructor in the Pacific Northwest.

Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is one of the specialty crops grown by farmers in the Puget Sound region of Washington State. In September, 2002, downy mildew symptoms were observed in a 0.2 hectar...
Strategy transitions during cognitive skill learning in younger and older adults: effects of interitem confusability.

Groups of young and old adults were trained for four sessions on a set of 24 alphabet-arithmetic problems. Problem sets were either highly confusable or highly distinct. Power-function and mixture-model fits to the means and standard deviations of the acquisition data, resolved at the participant problem level, were compared. “Shallow” power functions signaled that a problem was computed throughout training; “humped” mixture functions signaled a shift from slow computed solutions to fast retrieved solutions. Not surprisingly, shifts to retrieval occurred later for confusable problems, but there were also fewer shifts in that condition. Failures to shift, even after extended practice, suggest that retrieving problem solutions is an elective strategy, and not an automatic concomitant of skill training. Participants can be viewed as choosing between strategies that trade off benefits in speed against costs in accuracy. Older adults showed few retrieval solutions in either condition, perhaps because of their emphasis on accuracy.
Substrate requirements and subcellular distribution of calcium transport activities in brain membranes

Ca2+ transport activity in synaptosomal membranes has been identified as having two major components: Ca2+-stimulated ATP hydrolysis and ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake. Both processes exhibit similar affinities for Ca2+ and operate maximally under identical buffer conditions. Subcellular fractionation studies revealed the Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent CA2+ uptake activities to be highest in synaptic plasma membrane fractions 1 and 2, with lesser activity in synaptic vesicles and mitochondria. Progressive treatment with Triton X-100 activated, then decreased Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase. ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake was progressively decreased by similar treatment with Triton X-100. These studies illustrate that Ca2+ ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake may provide two important mechanisms for buffering of cytosolic Ca2+ at the nerve terminal. These systems may function to rapidly sequester cytosolic Ca2+ following a rise during depolarization and then extrude Ca2+ from the terminal against a concentration gradient. This regulation of cytosolic Ca2+, represented by two processes of the type seen in other plasma membranes, may play critical roles in calcium homeostasis in nerve cells.
The effect of fuel composition on flame dynamics

As fuel sources diversify, the gas turbine industry is under increasing pressure to develop fuel-flexible plants, able to use fuels with a variety of compositions from a large range of sources. However, the dynamic characteristics vary considerably with composition, in many cases altering the thermoacoustic stability of the combustor. We compare the flame dynamics, or the response in heat release rate of the flame to acoustic perturbations, of the three major constituents of natural gas: methane, ethane, and propane. The heat release rate is quantified using OH∗ chemiluminescence and product gas temperature. Gas temperature is measured by tracking the absorption of two high-temperature water lines, via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. The flame dynamics of the three fuels differ significantly. The changes in flame dynamics due to variations in fuel composition have the potential to have a large effect on the thermoacoustic stability of the combustor.
Graph-based text representation and knowledge discovery

For information retrieval and text-mining, a robust scalable framework is required to represent the information extracted from documents and enable visualization and query of such information. One very widely used model is the vector space model which is based on the bag-of-words approach. However, it suffers from the fact that it loses important information about the original text, such as information about the order of the terms in the text or about the frontiers between sentences or paragraphs. In this paper, we propose a graph-based text representation, which is capable of capturing (i) Term order (ii) Term frequency (iii) Term co-occurrence (iv) Term context in documents. We also apply the graph model into our text mining task, which is to discover unapparent associations between two and more concepts (e.g. individuals) from a large text corpus. Counterterrorism corpus is used to evaluate the performance of various retrieval models, which demonstrates feasibility and effectiveness of graphic text representation in information retrieval and text mining.
The Need for School-Based Comprehensive Sexuality Education: Some Reflections after 32 Years Teaching Sexuality to College Students.

Considerable progress has been made in the last three decades in contraceptive technology and the treatment of sexually transmitted infections. However, education of the nation's youth about sexual health issues has been less successful. Most parents remain silent on the topic of sexuality while states argue over the curriculum. As a result, a sizeable proportion of young people remain ignorant about even the most basic of sexual health issues. When sexuality courses are offered, voluntary enrollment is often high. To meet this demand and end the generation-to-generation ignorance about sexuality, we must devote the resources necessary for educating today's youth.
A history of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists.

After observing Melvin Cohen perform laparoscopy in Chicago, Illinois, during the late 1960s, Jordan M. Phillips performed this revolutionary operation in Downey, California, with enthusiasm. By 1971 he envisioned the need for an independent organization to devote its efforts to promoting this method of surgery through education and training. With the aid of his wife, Eleanor (Ellie), the American Association of Gynecological Laparoscopists (AAGL; a name to be changed slightly later) was incorporated as a not-forprofit entity that year. Based on an exhaustive search of the literature in the United States and Europe, he selected 30 physicians to speak about their experiences at the first meeting held at the Stardust Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, in November 1972. Because the AAGL was yet to become an organization of members, the first meeting was appropriately called an annual symposium. It was personally organized, managed, and funded by the Phillips. When one reviews the original program, the 23 speakers and 19 subjects plus 17 luncheon roundtable discussions expose a history lesson in the state of the art of laparoscopy. The keynote speaker was Patrick Steptoe from England, then the author of the only English-language monograph on laparoscopy. Hans Frangenheim of Konstanz, West Germany, a leader in laparoscopic creativity, was the luncheon speaker. As evidenced by a standing ovation, none would argue that the highlight of the meeting was a laparoscopic movie of human ovulation taken by Professor Frangenheim using time-framed 16mm movie film. Anesthesia, basic techniques, and sterilization by laparoscopy were pivotal subjects discussed or presented on film. The potential for infertility investigation was explored, including early operative maneuvers in the form of ovarian biopsy.
A heterogeneous animated platform for educational participatory simulations

This paper describes a multi-user interactive installation featuring real time animated creatures and a mobile interaction paradigm. This paradigm has been designed to serve as a platform for education in a variety of content domains. Drawing on previous research in mobile computing and animated educational systems, this project contributes a novel metaphor for interactions among real and virtual creatures and worlds. This "Land/Water" metaphor offers that virtual space is like land for virtual creatures, and real space is like water for them. The interaction paradigm involves groups of animated creatures that live on desktop screens, and may be transported from screen to screen by means of mobile Tablet PCs carried by human participants. This paper presents a working implementation of this paradigm and describes its use as an educational tool.
A multinomial logistic regression modeling approach for anomaly intrusion detection

Although researchers have long studied using statistical modeling techniques to detect anomaly intrusion and profile user behavior, the feasibility of applying multinomial logistic regression modeling to predict multi-attack types has not been addressed, and the risk factors associated with individual major attacks remain unclear. To address the gaps, this study used the KDD-cup 1999 data and bootstrap simulation method to fit 3000 multinomial logistic regression models with the most frequent attack types (probe, DoS, U2R, and R2L) as an unordered independent variable, and identified 13 risk factors that are statistically significantly associated with these attacks. These risk factors were then used to construct a final multinomial model that had an ROC area of 0.99 for detecting abnormal events. Compared with the top KDD-cup 1999 winning results that were based on a rule-based decision tree algorithm, the multinomial logistic model-based classification results had similar sensitivity values in detecting normal (98.3% vs. 99.5%), probe (85.6% vs. 83.3%), and DoS (97.2% vs. 97.1%); remarkably high sensitivity in U2R (25.9% vs. 13.2%) and R2L (11.2% vs. 8.4%); and a significantly lower overall misclassification rate (18.9% vs. 35.7%). The study emphasizes that the multinomial logistic regression modeling technique with the 13 risk factors provides a robust approach to detect anomaly intrusion.
Flk1 expression: promiscuity revealed

Comment on Ema et al, page [111][1] New evidence shows that Flk1 (VEGFR-2) is broadly and transiently expressed in multipotent mesoderm during development, indicating that Flk1 expression does not uniquely define the hematovascular lineage. Although expression of the VEGF receptor Flk1 (VEGFR-2)
Fluid/structure coupled aeroelastic computations for transonic flows in turbomachinery

The present study demonstrates the capabilities of a fluid/structure coupled computational approach which consists of an unsteady three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow solver, TFLO, and a finite element structural analysis package, MSC/NASTRAN. The parallelized flow solver relies on a multi-block cell-centered finite volume discretization and the dual time stepping time integration scheme with multigrid for convergence acceleration. High accuracy is pursued with respect to load transfer, deformation tracking and synchronization between the two disciplines. As a result, the program successfully predicts the aeroelastic responses of a high performance fan, NASA Rotor 67, over a range of operational conditions. The results show that the unsteady pressure generated at the shock may act to damp or excite the blade motion mainly depending on the inter-blade phase angle. It is concluded that the level of sophistication in the individually sophisticated disciplines together with an accurate coupling interface will allow for accurate prediction of flutter boundaries of turbomachinery components.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Rapid determination of major and minor elements in rare earth-cobalt magnets by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

Major and minor constituents, Sm, Ce, Y, Co, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zr and Hf, in typical rare earth-cobalt magnets were determined sequentially by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Sample solutions were prepared by dissolving the magnets with aqua regia followed by dilution with 1.2M HCl to suitable concentration. Beryllium was added as an internal standard in order to improved experimental accuracy and precision, and the emission intensity of Be was measured by using an additional small monochromator attached to the original instrument system. Cobalt, Fe, Cu and Zr in the magnets were also determined by conventional spectrophotometry. The results obtained by both methods were in good agreement with each other.
Influence of Visual Information on the Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech.

Purpose To examine the influence of visual information on speech intelligibility for a group of speakers with dysarthria associated with Parkinson’s disease. Method Eight speakers with Parkinson’s ...
Cultural Sociology, Modes of Inquiry, and Political Analysis: A Rejoinder to Steensland

Closely bounded research programs are both common and effective in sociology. Describing such programs as operating with a "restricted code" is deeply problematic. These matters aside, the remarkable rise of cultural sociology in fact reflects adaptation to sociology's disciplinary norms and core thematic concerns. Steensland (2009) might better have reversed his argument: faced with the achievements of cultural analysis, the slumbering giant called "mainstream sociology" should wake up. Brain Steensland offers a concise, acute, and typically lively provocation to cultural sociologists who attempt to explain political realities. The charge, in effect, is that we (I see my role here being to defend the enterprise of cultural sociology, hence the "we") are talking to ourselves - or, put another way, that we preach to the converted. With a relentless focus on decoding and promoting meaning, our field has neglected to build bridges to the wider sociological community. We do not take noncultural explanations seriously nor try to challenge these. Further, cultural sociology in looking at politics has largely ignored the hard and seemingly more real environments of power, resources, institutions, networks, and authority, preferring to shoot at soft targets like distributive norms and collective memory. We can begin our rejoinder by assuming that Steensland's characterization is entirely right. The gulp accomplished, one might reflect first on his use of Bernstein's term "restricted code" to refer to the activity of cultural sociology. This seems a bit rich. What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. One might easily cast around the sociological universe and locate energetic research clusters that share narrow epistemologies, vocabularies, and theoretical prejudices. There are the rational choice theorists, for example, with their various game scenarios and equations; the conversation analysts with a shared microsociological starting point and a set of common diacritical markings; the network theorists with their diverse terms for interaction and membership
Synthesis and characterization of p–n homojunction-containing zinc oxide nanowires

We illustrate a simple method to synthesize highly ordered ZnO axial p–n homojunction-containing nanowires using a low temperature method, and on a variety of substrates. X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy are used to reveal high quality single-crystalline wires with a [001] growth direction. The study of electrical transport through a single nanowire based device and cathodoluminescence via scanning transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that an axial p–n junction exists within each ZnO nanowire. This represents the first low temperature synthesis of axial p–n homojunction-containing ZnO nanowires with uniform and controllable diameters.
Nonerror binary phase-only filter (BPOF) implementation in optical pattern recognition

A non-error Synthetic Discriminant Function Binary Phase-only Filter (SDFBPOF) is constructed with digital synthesis method and a corrected FFT algorithm for in-plane rotation, scale, shift distortion invariant optical pattern recognition (OPR). The computer simulation of correlation shows that this method can obtain very high S/N, sharp correlation peak and low sidelobe compared with the common phase quantized SDFBPOF. The construction of this BPOF is simplified. The space bandwidth (SBW) is decreased by using the corrected FFT algorithm with faster speed than DFT, so it could be made easily and precisely using modern VLSI technology or some programmable Spatial Light Modulators (SLM).© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Alternate Procedure for Analyzing Aquifer Tests Using the Theis Nonequilibrium Solution

A classical dimensional analysis of the Theis non-equilibrium radial flow problem in a confined aquifer indicates that three dimensionless parameters are required for its representation. A new set of type curves based on three dimensionless parameters sT/Q, Qt/sr2, and S, is developed that can be employed to analyze aquifer test data by a curve-matching procedure similar to the procedure used at present with two dimensionless variables. The possible advantages of the proposed new type curves are as follows: (1) The concave shape of the type curves along the x-axis and particularly their point of vertical tangency permits curve matching with a minimum of ambiguity. Furthermore, the possibility of gross errors in the curve-matching procedure is reduced because both type curves and the plot of field data use the same dimensionless parameter on the horizontal axis (x-axis) so that the process of curve matching permits movement of the field curve only parallel to the vertical axis (y-axis). (2) The shape of the proposed type curves provides a focus for aquifer-test design-that is, given very approximate estimates for the field parameters (T and S), the investigator can target a specific range for the field-measured parameters for which curve matching will give best possible results.
Management of restenosis within the Palmaz-Schatz coronary stent (the U.S. multicenter experience)

Abstract Coronary stenting was introduced in the hope of improving both the short- and long-term results of conventional balloon angioplasty. 1 Nearly 2,000 patients have been treated with the balloon expandable Palmaz-Schatz stent in the United States since 1988, with a 98% acute placement success and minimal residual stenosis. 2 Acute closure of the stent has been rare, but subacute thrombotic occlusion has been reported within the first several weeks after stent placement in almost 3% of patients, despite an anticoagulant program including aspirin, dipyridamole and Coumadin ™ . The incidence of subsequent restenosis varies with the size, location and number of stents placed, but ≥20% of successfully stented patients show angiographic evidence of restenosis 6 months after stent placement. 3,4 Despite the well-recognized incidence of in-stent restenosis, however, there have been no formal reports outlining how this type of lesion responds to various management alternatives — in particular to repeat dilatation.
Should patients with symptomatic Hashimoto's thyroiditis pursue surgery?

Background In this study, patients with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and significant symptoms were evaluated for improvement or resolution of preoperative symptoms after thyroidectomy. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by production of antibodies such as anti-thyroperoxidase (TPO), which leads to destruction of the thyroid gland and a decrease in normal thyroid function. Thyroidectomy is not generally recommended because the dense inflammatory process that surrounds the thyroid gland can make resection more difficult. However, patients with HT are considered for surgery if they experience persistent symptoms after conservative therapy. We hypothesized that patients with HT and significant compressive and other associated symptoms may benefit from thyroidectomy for palliation. Methods We identified 1791 patients who underwent thyroidectomy from May 1994 to December 2009. Of those 1791 patients, 311 were diagnosed with HT. Of these 311 patients, 133 had 170 significant preoperative symptoms, and served as our sample population. Patients were subjectively evaluated for improvement or relief of symptoms postoperatively. Results The mean age of the group was 46 ± 1 y, and 90% were female. Patients underwent lobectomy (33%), subtotal thyroidectomy (6%), or total thyroidectomy (61%). The overall rate of symptomatic improvement for HT patients was 90% after thyroidectomy. The most frequent preoperative symptom was compression, and >93% of patients experienced relief. In addition, we found high rates of improvement for HT patients with other preoperative symptoms including voice problems (77%), hormone imbalance (84%), and other (90%). Conclusion The overwhelming majority of HT patients with significant symptoms appear to benefit from thyroidectomy. Therefore, HT patients should consider pursing surgery for palliation if they suffer from persistent symptoms after conservative therapy.
Subgroups of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone perikarya defined by computer analyses in the basal forebrain of intact female rats.

The hypothesis that the basal forebrain population of LHRH perikarya is composed of heterogeneous subgroups was examined in this study. We used three-dimensional computerized reconstruction to examine populations of LHRH-immunopositive neurons detected in noncolchicine treated cycling female rats. Perikarya were detected with two antisera capable of detecting LHRH decapeptide within larger mol wt species, i.e. Millar's (RM) 1076 and Arimura's (AA) 419. No immunopositive perikarya were detected with antiserum AA 422, which requires the fully processed decapeptide for binding. A more broadly distributed population of LHRH neurons was detected in females killed on proestrus than in females killed on estrus or the other days of the cycle. These relationships were observed with both antisera, RM 1076 and AA 419. Subgroups of cells were clearly defined when the population of LHRH neurons detected on proestrus was simultaneously displayed with the population detected on estrus. Strikingly similar subgroups were ...
Problemas y dilemas éticos

Examino el conflicto entre los elementos utilitarista y kantiano en la moralidad. La moralidad cotidiana contiene rasgos de ambos tipos de teoria y esto es la fuente de muchos dilemas. Luego describo un aspecto de este conflicto: latension entre el monismo y el pluralismo respecto de los valores intrinsecos. Despues de examinar soluciones que no funcionan, caracterizo el problema en terminos del fracaso de las reglas morales para capturar adecuadamente el contenido de la moralidad.
The effects of prolactin and TSH on thyroid function in Fundulus heteroclitus

Treatment with ovine prolactin significantly reduces serum T4 in Fundulus heteroclitus, both in control (P < 0.05) and TSH-stimulated fish (P < 0.01), without affecting thyroidal radioiodine uptake. Prolactin also reduces the loss of radioiodine from F. heteroclitus (P < 0.001). This loss is markedly increased by ovine TSH (P < 0.001), but only in the absence of prolactin. Although other explanations are possible, prolactin is probably goiterogenic in F. heteroclitus, lowering thyroidal secretion of T4 as well as inhibiting the peripheral effects of this hormone.
A novel first exon directs hormone-sensitive transcription of the pig prolactin receptor

Endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine prolactin (PRL) acts through its receptor (PRLR) to confer a wide range of biological functions, including its established role during lactation. We have identified a novel first exon of the porcine PRLR that gives rise to three different mRNA transcripts. Transcription of this first exon is tissue specific, where it increases during gestation in the adrenal glands and uterus. Within the mammary glands, its transcription is induced by estrogen and PRL, while in the uterus, its expression is downregulated by progestin. The promoter region has an enhancer element located between -453 and -424 bp and a putative repressor element between -648 and -596 bp. Estrogen, acting through the estrogen receptor, activates transcription from this promoter through both E-box and transcription factor AP-2 α binding sites. These findings support the concept that the multilevel hormonal regulation of PRLR transcription contributes to the various biological functions of PRL.
Some Chemical and Flavor Characteristics of a Milk Proteolysate of Pseudomonas Fluorescens

Abstract Analyses were made for chemical components related to flavor during different processing stages. The flavor changed from bitter and undesirable during fermentation to beef broth-like in the low-pressure distilled, autoclaved product. Fractionation on Sephadex G-25 showed four peaks of absorbancy at 280 m μ . The brothy flavor did not correlate closely with any peak maxima, but was concentrated in the effluent from the 145-ml volume to the 160-ml volume. This effluent contained 17 free amino acids. Spectrophotometric analyses for carbohydrate, ninhydrin-reactive compounds, phosphate, and furfural derivatives in each case gave a small initial peak and a larger second peak. The latter corresponded closely to the brothy flavor fraction. Of neutral volatiles detected by GLC, none was associated exclusively with the brothy flavor fraction. The heating of combinations of amino acids and lactose gave flavors suggestive of but not identical to the brothy flavor. Apparently, the beef broth type flavor in the processed product resulted from an intricate balance among lactose content, protein breakdown, and browning.
Finding the plateau in an aggregated time series

Given d input time series, an aggregated series can be formed by aggregating the d values at each time position. It is often useful to find the time positions whose aggregated values are the greatest. Instead of looking for individual top-k time positions, this paper gives two algorithms for finding the time interval (called the plateau) in which the aggregated values are close to each other (within a given threshold) and are all no smaller than the aggregated values outside of the interval. The first algorithm is a centralized one assuming that all data are available at a central location, and the other is a distributed search algorithm that does not require such a central location. The centralized algorithm has a linear time complexity with respect to the length of the time series, and the distributed algorithm employs the Threshold Algorithm by Fagin et al. and is quite efficient in reducing the communication cost as shown by the experiments reported in the paper.