cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensing a City's State of Health: Structural Monitoring System by Internet-of-Things Wireless Sensing Devices

We are the witnesses of a technological ascent accomplished by the Internet of Things (IoT) in the new era of shared informatization. Smart cities make up one of the major areas of IoT applications. Despite several definitions for this new concept, the aim is to achieve a better use of public resources by increasing the quality of services and decreasing the costs of public services. Some initiatives of smart cities around the world have become reality, such as in [1]. Many smart components compose a smart city, such as transportation, energy, education, and buildings. A smart building includes services offered to the occupants, resources distributed to the city, and, in the case of historical buildings, information provided to municipalities about their state of health.
Hazard and risk assessment strategies for nanoparticle exposures: how far have we come in the past 10 years?

Nanotechnology is an emerging, cross-disciplinary technology designed to create and synthesize new materials at the nanoscale (generally defined as a particle size range of ≤10 -9 meters) to generate innovative or altered material properties. The particle properties can be modified to promote different and more flexible applications, resulting in consumer benefits, particularly in medical, cosmetic, and industrial applications. As this applied science matures and flourishes, concerns have arisen regarding potential health effects of exposures to untested materials, as many newly developed products have not been adequately evaluated. Indeed, it is necessary to ensure that societal and commercial advantages are not outweighed by potential human health or environmental disadvantages. Therefore, a variety of international planning activities or research efforts have been proposed or implemented, particularly in the European Union and United States, with the expectation that significant advances will be made in understanding potential hazards related to exposures in the occupational and/or consumer environments. One of the first conclusions reached regarding hazardous effects of nanoparticles stemmed from the findings of early pulmonary toxicology studies, suggesting that lung exposures to ultrafine particles were more toxic than those to larger, fine-sized particles of similar chemistry. This review documents some of the conceptual planning efforts, implementation strategies/activities, and research accomplishments over the past 10 years or so. It also highlights (in this author’s opinion) some shortcomings in the research efforts and accomplishments over the same duration. In general, much progress has been made in developing and implementing environmental, health, and safety research-based protocols for addressing nanosafety issues. However, challenges remain in adequately investigating health effects given 1) many different nanomaterial types, 2) various potential routes of exposure, 3) nanomaterial characterization issues, 4) limitations in research methodologies, such as time-course and dose-response issues, and 5) inadequate in vitro methodologies for in vivo standardized, guideline toxicity testing.
Developing a cultural context for conducting a neuropsychological evaluation with a culturally diverse client: the ECLECTIC framework.

Objective: With the increasing diversification of the American population, the discipline of neuropsychology is challenged to develop appropriate tools and conceptual models to meet its evolving cl...
Influence of ZnO thin film crystallinity on in vitro biocompatibility

This study evaluated the cytocompatibility of single- and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films using extract and direct contact methods. Exposure to poly-crystalline ZnO extract resulted in reduced cell viability, on average 82%/70% as measured by MTS/LDH assays, respectively. Direct exposure to both single- and poly-crystalline ZnO thin films resulted in reduced cell viability, which was attributed to anoikis due to inhibition of cell adhesion to the substrate by zinc. Intracellular zinc imaging suggests that single crystalline ZnO thin films do not result in a significant change in intracellular zinc concentrations. Overall, the results suggest that single-crystalline ZnO thin films have better short-term (24 h) cytocompatibility and support their potential to serve as a biocompatible sensor material.
Peace Education in Multiethnic/Religious Settings: NESNIM as a Possible Model

This essay addresses the need for Peace Education in the postmodern world of religious and ethnic pluralism. It argues that Peace Education is a concern of every person and organization interested in the future of humanity and offers NESNIM (North-Eastern Students’ National Integration Movement) as one successful model of Peace Education in a pluralistic setting. The educational approach offered in the essay is grounded in spiritual, ethical and moral values and has broad implications for the life and work of various religious bodies, organizations, and societies. This essay offers insights and guidance in a wide variety of situations that involve religious, ethnic, and civil conflicts.
Subcritical Measurements of a Plutonium Sphere Reflected by Polyethylene and Acrylic

Subcritical measurements were conducted with an alpha-phase plutonium sphere using the 252Cf source-driven noise analysis method. Measurements were performed with both polyethylene and acrylic refl...
The fine structure and histochemistry of prostatic glands in relation to sex hormones.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews some of the histochemical and ultrastructural properties of prostatic tissue and how these are affected by various alterations of the hormonal environment of the host. From the various studies on the fine structure of prostatic tissues, it is apparent that differences exist not only between the prostates of the various species, but also between the various prostatic lobes of a given species. However, a prototype prostatic acinus can be described which may reflect the structural patterns prevailing in most cases. Acid phosphatase has been shown at the ultrastructural level in rat prostatic lysosomes. Observations in the dog prostate have revealed the presence of acid phosphatase activity not only in typical lysosomes, but also in the secretory granules. In older rats acid phosphatase activity has been detected in the supranuclear lysosomes, which make their appearance when the rats have reached a weight of 250 gm. Acid phosphatase activity has been also demonstrated in the lysosomes and cytolysomes which appear in rat prostatic epithelial cells after castration. Preliminary studies on the fine structural localization of acid phosphatase in the human prostate have also revealed the enzymic activity in the lysosomes of the secretory cells. Various nucleoside phosphatases have been shown to be localized in the Golgi saccules of rat ventral prostate and human prostate. These and many other nucleoside phosphatases have been demonstrated in the various membranes of numerous cell types. The chapter also discusses the possible functional significance of differences in the various prostatic cells, influence of sex hormones on the ultrastructure and histochemical reactions, and interpretation of hormone-induced changes on the basis of structure-function relationships
Does the family APGAR effectively measure family functioning

Background The Family APGAR has been widely used to study the relationship of family function and health problems in family practice offices. Methods Data were collected from 401 pediatricians and family physicians from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network and the Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network. The physicians enrolled 22,059 consecutive office visits by children aged 4 to 15 years. Parents completed a survey that included the Family APGAR and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Clinicians completed a survey that described child psychosocial problems, treatments initiated or continued, and specialty care referrals. Results Family dysfunction on the index visit often differed from dysfunction at follow-up (kappa=0.24). Only 31% of the families with positive Family APGAR scores at baseline were positive at follow-up, and only 43% of those with positive scores at follow-up had a positive score at the initial visit. There were many disagreements between the Family APGAR and the clinician. The Family APGAR was negative for 73% of clinician-identified dysfunctional families, and clinicians did not identify dysfunction for 83% of Family APGAR-identified dysfunctions (kappa=0.06). Conclusions Our data do not support the use of the Family APGAR as a measure of family dysfunction in the primary care setting. Future research should clarify what it does measure.
Jarvie’s Rationalitätstreit

As a Popperian, Ian C. Jarvie takes falsifiability to be a defining characteristic of rationality. This suggests that any disagreement about the truth or falsity of a particular belief that can be settled by further evidence should be rationally resolvable, at least in the following sense. Niceties about probabilities aside, one should be able to specify under what conditions, that is, given what evidence, one would surrender that belief. Put another way, if a belief will not be given up no matter what evidence one might ever confront, then this establishes that belief as mere dogma.
Abstract WP246: Automated Detection of Facial Weakness Using Machine Learning

Background: Early recognition and treatment of stroke improves outcomes. Pre-hospital screening tools offer promise for early detection of acute stroke but have inconsistent performance. An automat...
Functional regression-based monitoring of quality of service in hospital emergency departments

This article focuses on building a statistical monitoring scheme for service systems that experience time-varying arrivals of customers and have time-varying service rates. There is lack of researc...
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Allosteric Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors.

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is responsible for nascent protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is critical for glioblastoma survival. To improve the potency of lead PDI inhibitor BAP2 ((E)-3-(3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)benzonitrile), we designed and synthesized 67 analogues. We determined that PDI inhibition relied on the A ring hydroxyl group of the chalcone scaffold and cLogP increase in the sulfonamide chain improved potency. Docking studies revealed that BAP2 and analogues bind to His256 in the b′ domain of PDI, and mutation of His256 to Ala abolishes BAP2 analogue activity. BAP2 and optimized analogue 59 have modest thiol reactivity; however, we propose that PDI inhibition by BAP2 analogues depends on the b′ domain. Importantly, analogues inhibit glioblastoma cell growth, induce ER stress, increase expression of G2M checkpoint proteins, and reduce expression of DNA repair proteins. Cumulatively, our results support inhibition of PDI as a novel strategy to treat gliobl...
Speckle mitigation for wavefront sensing in the presence of weak turbulence.

When measuring atmospheric turbulence along the propagation path to an extended non-cooperative target, a wavefront sensor normally suffers from severe noise due to speckle. In this work, we quantify the benefits of speckle mitigation via polychromatic illumination for a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. We obtain results over a wide range of conditions by using the spectral-slicing approach to polychromatic wave-optics simulations. To quantify speckle noise, even when turbulence is present, we introduce a metric involving racetrack-mode strength in slope-discrepancy space. The results show that polychromatic illumination greatly reduces speckle noise under realistic conditions. Even with near worst-case conditions, 15 coherence lengths per resolution cell reduce the wavefront-measurement error by 56%.
Dynamically detecting USB attacks in hardware: poster

Malicious USB devices can disguise themselves as benign devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, etc.) to insert malicious commands on end devices. Advanced software-based detection schemes (deeper operating system level) are used to identify the malicious nature of such mimic devices. However, a powerful adversary (e.g., as rootkits or advanced persistent threats) can subvert those software-based detection schemes. To address these concerns, we present our ongoing work to dynamically detect these threats in hardware. Specifically, we utilize a novel hardware-assistance mechanism to collect unaltered USB data at the physical layer which is fed into a machine learning-based classifier to determine the true nature of the USB device.
Tocopherols, tocotrienols and tocomonoenols: Many similar molecules but only one vitamin E

The aim of this article is to correct a very general error in scientific articles, in textbooks and in the Internet that has become an accepted fact. In this literature, the term "vitamin E″ is used for several similar molecules (both tocopherols and tocotrienols) that have never been shown to have vitamin property, i.e. a protective effect against the human deficiency disease. In fact, the name "vitamin E″ should only be used to define molecules that prevent the human deficiency disease "Ataxia with Vitamin E Deficiency" (AVED). Only one such molecule is known, α-tocopherol. This error may confuse consumers as well as medical doctors, who prescribe vitamin E without realizing that the current use of the name includes molecules of unknown, if not unwanted functions.
Uvular necrosis as a cause of throat discomfort after endotracheal intubation.

Throat discomfort after orotracheal or nasotracheal procedures is relatively common, and usually due to pharyngeal irritation. We describe a rare case of uvular necrosis as a cause of throat discomfort after endotracheal intubation (shown in [figure 1][1]). ![Figure 1][2] Figure 1 Uvular
Early-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathies

Early myoclonic epilepsy (EME) and Ohtahara syndrome (OS) or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) are the earliest epileptic encephalopathy syndromes. These two entities share many features, including age at presentation, a similar electroencephalographic pattern, intractable seizures, and poor prognosis. EME and EIEE are traditionally distinguished according to different type of seizures, differences in the pattern of suppression-burst, and aetiologies. In EIEE onset is within the first 3 months of age and often within the first 2 weeks. Infants acutely develop tonic spasms that can be either generalized or lateralized, can occur both isolated or in clusters, and are independent from the sleep cycle. The most specific EEG feature is the suppression-burst (SB). This pattern is characterized by high-voltage bursts alternating with almost flat suppression phases at an approximately regular rate. SB pattern differs definitely from the periodic type of hypsarrhythmia where it becomes remarkable in sleep. Early myoclonic encephalopathy (EME) can be associated with structural, metabolic, and genetic abnormalities: methylmalonic acidemia, sulphite oxidase deficiency, Menkes disease, and Zellweger syndrome, and CDG disorders.
What is the role of triple inhaled therapy in COPD

Triple inhaled therapy for maintenance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) consists of an inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, and long-acting beta2-agonist. Recent clinical studies evaluating triple therapy found a reduction in COPD exacerbations compared with other combination therapies. This article discusses the role of triple therapy in treating patients with COPD.
The Use of Intraoperative Cystoscopy for Detection of Lower Urinary Tract Injury

Video Objective To review the use of cystoscopy by OB/GYN generalists for detection of lower urinary tract injury during hysterectomy. This includes the basic steps to diagnostic cystoscopy, the relevant anatomy, indications and limitations. Setting Cystoscopy is routinely used in prolapse and incontinence repair procedures due to the relatively high risk of bladder or ureteral injury during these surgeries. While some recommend the routine use of intra-operative cystoscopy as a part of laparoscopic hysterectomy to detect bladder or ureteral injury, this is still not routine practice among OB/GYNs generalists. Whether this is due to decreased familiarity with the technique, or it's limitations in sensitivity for detection of ureteral injury, remains unclear. To achieve the above objectives, this video reviews the details of the equipment involved, relevant anatomy, role of the bladder survey and visualization of ureteral jetting. Tips for detecting jetting and restoring normal anatomy are discussed. A brief review of the literature is used to outline indications for cystoscopy in general gynecology as well as its limitations. Interventions NA Conclusion Intra-operative cystoscopy is a useful tool for the general gynecologist. Simple steps can be taken to make it straightforward and diagnostic. However, it's also important to realize the limitations of cystoscopy, particularly in the detection of non-obstructive ureteral injury.
Low Rank Factorization for Compact Multi-Head Self-Attention.

Effective representation learning from text has been an active area of research in the fields of NLP and text mining. Attention mechanisms have been at the forefront in order to learn contextual sentence representations. Current state-of-the-art approaches for many NLP tasks use large pre-trained language models such as BERT, XLNet and so on for learning representations. These models are based on the Transformer architecture that involves recurrent blocks of computation consisting of multi-head self-attention and feedforward networks. One of the major bottlenecks largely contributing to the computational complexity of the Transformer models is the self-attention layer, that is both computationally expensive and parameter intensive. In this work, we introduce a novel multi-head self-attention mechanism operating on GRUs that is shown to be computationally cheaper and more parameter efficient than self-attention mechanism proposed in Transformers for text classification tasks. The efficiency of our approach mainly stems from two optimizations; 1) we use low-rank matrix factorization of the affinity matrix to efficiently get multiple attention distributions instead of having separate parameters for each head 2) attention scores are obtained by querying a global context vector instead of densely querying all the words in the sentence. We evaluate the performance of the proposed model on tasks such as sentiment analysis from movie reviews, predicting business ratings from reviews and classifying news articles into topics. We find that the proposed approach matches or outperforms a series of strong baselines and is more parameter efficient than comparable multi-head approaches. We also perform qualitative analyses to verify that the proposed approach is interpretable and captures context-dependent word importance.
The Gulf Stream's path and time-averaged velocity structure and transport at 68.5°W and 70.3°W

Abstract Full-ocean-depth observations of horizontal velocity, temperature and salinity along 68.5° W chiefly over the period October 2010–May 2014 are analyzed in conjunction with repeated shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler (SADCP) upper-ocean velocity sections occupied upstream at 70.3° W and regional satellite-altimeter-based sea surface height (SSH) data to construct estimates of the time-averaged Gulf Stream velocity, property structures and transport. A stream-coordinate mean section is created from two moorings near 68.5° W where data are binned relative to distance from the Gulf Stream axis, rotated into along- and across-stream coordinates, and then averaged. Transport in the upper 600 m inferred from the moorings excluding times of large Stream axis curvature and Gulf Stream ring influences is 59.9 Sv (with 95% confidence bounds between 58.6 and 61.6 Sv). This is in good agreement with a mean constructed from the SADCP sections at 70.3° W. Relative to the mean field at 70.3° W, the velocity core of the time-averaged Stream at 68.5° W appears broader with weaker maximum speed, consistent with a companion analysis of the altimetric SSH data. The time-averaged full-ocean-depth transport inferred from the moorings is 102.1 Sv (with 95% confidence bounds between 99.1 and 106.3 Sv), which is stronger than the mean inferred from an ensemble of 10 full-depth lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler (LADCP) sections collected along the moored array. The 2010–2014 time-averaged Gulf Stream inferred from the moored observations is weaker by about 10% than the time-averaged full-ocean-depth transport reported for the late 1980s at the same location using similar procedures, with much of this difference arising from flows at depths greater than 1000 m. Satellite altimetry provides spatial and temporal context for these results and suggests that there are small-scale recirculation cells flanking the separated Gulf Stream west of the New England Seamount Chain. Gulf Stream transport, which includes throughput and recirculating components, appears to be more sensitive to changes in these recirculations at 68.5° W compared to 70.3° W.
Abnormal Auditory Mismatch Fields in Children and Adolescents With 16p11.2 Deletion and 16p11.2 Duplication.

Abstract Background Individuals with either deletion or duplication of the BP4–BP5 segment of chromosome 16p11.2 have varied behavioral phenotypes that may include autistic features, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and/or language impairment. However, the neurophysiological correlates of auditory language discrimination processing in individuals with 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication have not been investigated. Methods Magnetoencephalography was used to measure magnetic mismatch fields (MMFs) arising from the left and right superior temporal gyrus during an auditory oddball paradigm with vowel stimuli (/a/ and /u/) in children and adolescents with 16p11.2 deletion or 16p11.2 duplication and in typically developing peers. One hundred twenty-eight participants ranging from 7 to 17 years of age were included in the final analysis (typically developing: n = 61, 12.08 ± 2.50 years of age; 16p11.2 deletion: n = 45, 11.28 ± 2.51 years of age; and 16p11.2 duplication: n = 22, 10.73 ± 2.49 years of age). Results Delayed MMF latencies were found in both 16p11.2 deletion and 16p11.2 duplication groups compared with typically developing subjects. In addition, these delayed MMF latencies were associated with language and cognitive ability, with prolonged latency predicting greater impairment. Conclusions Our findings suggest that auditory MMF response delays are associated with clinical severity of language and cognitive impairment in individuals with either 16p11.2 deletion or 16p11.2 duplication, indicating a correlate of their shared/overlapping behavioral phenotype (and not a correlate of gene dosage).
A discovery-based capstone experience

Most computer science students must successfully complete several large software projects as part of their undergraduate course work. Many institutions offer a senior-level, capstone course that typically includes a semester long project that (hopefully) requires each student to consider all that they have learned before they begin. This paper presents a project that is not so "allencompassing", but it is one that can reward the student, who looks beyond the problem itself, with some interesting discoveries.
Photosynthetic characterization of transgenic Synechocystis expressing a plant thiol/disulfide-modulating protein.

A previous study showed that introducing an Arabidopsis thaliana thiol/disulfide-modulating protein, Low Quantum Yield of Photosystem II 1 (LQY1), into the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 ...
Thermo-Optically Responsive Phase Change Materials for Passive Temperature Regulation

Abstract Many phase change materials (PCMs) experience a change in transparency when undergoing a phase transition. These thermo-optically responsive materials can be used to generate passive temperature control systems for building enclosures. The integration of optical and thermal switches into smart temperature-controlling elements requires rationally designed PCMs featuring tunable optical and thermal properties. Two polymers, poly (Octadecyl methacrylate) (PSMA) and poly(2-(2-(octadecyloxy) ethoxy) ethyl methacrylate) (PE2SMA) were synthesized and evaluated for their potential use in passive thermal energy storage systems. UV–Visible Spectroscopy, Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were used to evaluate the effect that changes in the polymer chemical structure had on the optical and thermal properties of the resulting materials. Insertion of a 6-atom flexible spacer (diethylene glycol) between the pendant crystalline motif and the polymer backbone of PSMA resulted in increases of latent heat storage capacity from 62 J/g to 94 J/g and thermal conductivity from 0.218 W/mK to 0.318 W/mK. Notably, insertion of a flexible spacer also resulted in a melting transition temperature increase from 37.7 °C for PSMA to 48 °C for PE2SMA. The visible transmittance of the polymers increased from 0% to 90% upon transition from crystalline to amorphous state. This study presents a synthetic strategy to control thermal and optical properties of polymeric PCMs materials. The material properties and structure-property relationships derived from this study will enable the refinement of the models used to predict the performance of passive temperature-regulating systems. More accurate models will guide the development of the thermo-responsive polymeric materials required for better perfoming temperature-regulating building enclosures.
Looking at the Stars: Black Celebrity Journalism in Jim Crow America

Celebrity journalism, most often associated with tabloids and sensational stories, receives a closer look in Carrie Teresa’s new book on how the black press covered African American celebrities dur...
High-resolution yeast quiescence profiling in human-like media reveals interacting influences of auxotrophy and nutrient availability

Abstract Yeast cells survive in stationary phase culture by entering quiescence, which is measured by colony forming capacity upon nutrient re-exposure. Yeast chronological lifespan (CLS) studies, employing the comprehensive collection of gene knockout strains, have correlated weakly between independent laboratories, which is hypothesized to reflect differential interaction between the deleted genes, auxotrophy, media composition and other assay conditions influencing quiescence. This hypothesis was investigated by high-throughput quiescence profiling of the parental prototrophic strain, from which the gene deletion strain libraries were constructed, and all possible auxotrophic allele combinations in that background. Defined media resembling human cell culture media promoted long-term quiescence, and was used to assess effects of glucose, ammonium sulfate, auxotrophic nutrient availability, Target of Rapamycin signaling, and replication stress. Frequent, high-replicate measurements of colony forming capacity from cultures aged past 60 days provided profiles of quiescence phenomena such as gasping and hormesis. Media acidification was assayed in parallel to assess correlation. Influences of leucine, methionine, glucose, and ammonium sulfate metabolism were clarified, and a role for lysine metabolism newly characterized, while histidine and uracil perturbations had less impact. Interactions occurred between glucose, ammonium sulfate, auxotrophy, auxotrophic nutrient limitation, aeration, TOR signaling, and/or replication stress. Weak correlation existed between media acidification and maintenance of quiescence. In summary, experimental factors, uncontrolled across previous genome-wide yeast CLS studies, influence quiescence and interact extensively, revealing quiescence as a complex metabolic and developmental process that should be studied in a prototrophic context, omitting ammonium sulfate from defined media, and employing highly replicable protocols.
For better and worse? The roles of closeness, marital behavior, and age in spouses' cardiometabolic similarity.

Abstract Spouses share common risks for cardiometabolic diseases: a person’s diabetes or hypertension raises the partner’s odds of developing the same condition. The mechanisms responsible for this disease concordance remain poorly understood. To examine three factors that may modulate partners’ cardiometabolic similarity—closeness, hostile marital behavior, and age—and to explore whether health behavior concordance plays a role, on two separate occasions 43 healthy couples ages 24–61 provided fasting glucose, metabolic data (fat and carbohydrate oxidation), and resting blood pressure before discussing one of their most severe marital disagreements. Accounting for the fixed effects of sex, age, study visit, and abdominal fat on cardiometabolic levels, we found that aspects of health behavior concordance were associated with greater similarity in glucose, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Independent of health behavior concordance, partners who felt closer and behaved in a less hostile way had more similar rates of fat oxidation; less hostile partners also shared greater overlap in carbohydrate oxidation. Likewise, fasting glucose and DBP were more similar within older couples compared to younger pairs, beyond the effects of health behavior concordance. In sum, our data captured preclinical similarities in cardiometabolic health among disease-free couples, which may form the basis for their long-term overlapping disease risks. Closer, less hostile, and older couples shared more similar fasting glucose, metabolic data, and blood pressure; importantly, health behavior concordance did not explain all associations. These novel data suggest that multiple paths may lead to couples’ shared disease risks.
Inclusion of Evidence-Based Breast Cancer Control Recommendations and Guidelines in State Comprehensive Cancer Control Plans

INTRODUCTION Each US state, territory, and tribe/tribal organization is supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop and implement a comprehensive cancer control (CCC) plan. The objective of this study was to inform areas for improvement of those plans. METHODS To show how CCC plans can be improved, we used the example of breast cancer, which has a long public health history and an established, broad spectrum of prevention and control activities. We evaluated the inclusion of evidence-based breast cancer prevention topics as provided by guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and recommendations of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in each state's CCC plan. From January through March 2019, we downloaded CCC plans from each state and the District of Columbia and abstracted and quantified the content of plans for 1) discussion of data on breast cancer mortality, breast cancer incidence, uptake of mammography; 2) statement of objective to reduce the burden of breast cancer; and 3) review of CDC guidelines and USPSTF recommendations. RESULTS The discussion of breast cancer-relevant topics and specification of objectives was incomplete. Of 51 plans, data on breast cancer mortality and incidence and uptake of mammography were reported in 53% (n = 27) to 76% (n = 39) of plans. CDC and USPSTF recommendations for breast cancer-specific interventions were discussed in only 6% (n = 3) to 37% (n = 19) of plans. Discussion of general cancer prevention topics relevant to breast cancer ranged from 10% (n = 5) to 61% (n = 31) of plans. CONCLUSION Our findings inform areas for quality improvement of state CCC plans and may contribute to other areas of public health planning.
ACTIONS, LENGTH FUNCTIONS, AND NON-ARCHIMEDEAN WORDS

In this paper we survey recent developments in the theory of groups acting on Λ-trees. We are trying to unify all significant methods and techniques, both classical and recently developed, in an attempt to present various faces of the theory and to show how these methods can be used to solve major problems about finitely presented Λ-free groups. Besides surveying results known up to date we draw many new corollaries concerning structural and algorithmic properties of such groups.
Filial Piety and Parental Depressive Symptoms: All Children Matter – Evidence from Rural Northern China

Little research has considered all children while investigating adult children's role in their older parents' health and well-being. In this study, we examine the effect of filial piety across all children on parental depressive symptoms. A sample of 432 older parents with 1,223 adult children in a rural county in northern China rated the filial piety level for each child individually. Ratings were then combined across multiple children and organized into an ordinal variable of filial piety including three levels: all children being filial, some of the children being filial, and none of the children being filial. Ordinary least squares linear regression analyses were performed. The results reveal a significant and negative relationship between adult children's filial piety levels and older parents' depressive symptoms after controlling for age, gender, marital status, financial strain, chronic conditions, and social support from family and friends, respectively. That is, one level lower in the adult children's filial piety corresponds to increase in level of older parents' depressive symptoms. Filial piety seems to benefit older Chinese parents' mental health net of social support from family and friends in this sample. Including information from all children in the analyses is informative for better understanding the psychological significance of filial piety for healthy aging in China.
Tunable In Situ 3D-Printed PVDF-TrFE Piezoelectric Arrays.

In the functional 3D-printing field, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) has been shown to be a more promising choice of material over polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), due to its ability to be poled to a high level of piezoelectric performance without a large mechanical strain ratio. In this work, a novel presentation of in situ 3D printing and poling of PVDF-TrFE is shown with a d33 performance of up to 18 pC N−1, more than an order of magnitude larger than previously reported in situ poled polymer piezoelectrics. This finding paves the way forward for pressure sensors with much higher sensitivity and accuracy. In addition, the ability of in situ pole sensors to demonstrate different performance levels is shown in a fully 3D-printed five-element sensor array, accelerating and increasing the design space for complex sensing arrays. The in situ poled sample performance was compared to the performance of samples prepared through an ex situ corona poling process.
XPolaris: an R-package to retrieve United States soil data at 30-meter resolution.

This data article aims to introduce the “XPolaris” R-package, designed to facilitate access to detailed soil data at any geographical location within the contiguous United States (CONUS). Without the need of advanced R-programming skills, XPolaris enables users to convert raster data from the POLARIS database into traditional spreadsheet format [i.e., Comma-Separated Values (CSV)] for further data analyses. The core of this publication is a code-tutorial envisioned to assist users in retrieving soil raster data within the CONUS. All data is sourced from the POLARIS database, a 30-m probabilistic map of soil series and different soil properties [Chaney et al. Geoderma 274:54, 2016, Chaney et al. Water Resour Res 55:2916, 2019]. POLARIS represents an optimization of the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, circumventing issues of spatial disaggregation, harmonizing, and filling spatial gaps. POLARIS was constructed using a machine learning algorithm, the Disaggregation and Harmonisation of Soil Map Units Through Resampled Classification Trees (DSMART-HPC) [Odgers et al. Geoderma 214:91, 2014]. Although the data is easily accessible in a raster format, retrieving large amounts of data can be time-consuming or require advanced programming skills.
The dancefloor is now open: A dispositional analysis of the glocalization and sportification of Chinese DanceSport:

In recent decades, the political, economic, and social environment in the Peoples’ Republic of China has opened up to inflows of commerce and culture from around the world. Consequently, the physic...
The Chemistry of Protopectin: A Critical Review of Historical Data and Recent Developments

Publisher Summary Present knowledge of pectic substances in plant tissues is based mainly on histological and histochemical studies. This chapter reviews the extensive literature on the chemistry of protopectin. On the basis of the evidence available at present, it is not possible to determine unequivocally which of the several possible but still hypothetical combinations is likely to account for the solubility characteristics of native pectins. It is possible that pectin substances in different plants and in different parts of the same plant are chemically bound or physically anchored in different ways. Additional evidence is needed from carefully obtained tissue preparations from material properly identified physiologically and histologically. It appears, based on present evidence, that the most likely explanation of the relative insolubility of protopectin is that it exists as a polygalacturonide in which the hydroxyl groups on carbon atoms C4 and C5 are masked by glycosidic and ring formation, and the carboxyl group on C1 is either free, esterified with methyl alcohol, or esterified with araban, galactan, or some other polysaccharide. The hydroxyl on carbon atoms C2 and C3 may be free, esterified with acetyl groups, or linked by ether-like linkage to polysaccharides or lignins. The degree of acetylation is a factor in determining the extractability of pectin and its combination with other cell-wall constituents.
Directional Texture for Visualization - New Technique and Application Study

The role of a texture's directionality (i.e., Orientedness) in multivariate visualization is explored. A key emphasis here is determining if directional textures can be an effective component in the visualization of multiple attribute data, in particular weather data. Toward that end, a new directional texture-based data visualization technique is described and exhibited. Results of user-based evaluations of directional textures in visualization are also reported.
The Bargain between the Elite and the Majority to Control Politicians and Managers: Party and Managerial Ideologies as Devices to Align Agents

How can office-seeking politicians or managers be aligned with social welfare or firm welfare, given that such agents have a suboptimal incentive to cater to majority preferences in situations with low participation costs and to elite preferences in situations with high participation costs? In the for-profit firm, the primary elite-majority bargain to reduce agency costs involves the creation of an electorate of shareholders who as residual claimants are better aligned with firm welfare than other groups. In democratic politics, where there is no comparable group of residual claimants who are aligned to social welfare, an efficient elite-majority bargain involves the creation of competing party ideologies that serve to check opportunism by majorities in low participation-cost scenarios and by elites in high participation-cost scenarios, and in doing so align politicians with social welfare. In non-profit firms that also lack a residual claimant, an efficient elite-majority bargain involves a parallel creation of managerial ideologies. Such managerial ideologies may also have utility in the for-profit firm as a supplementary device to foster alignment with firm value.
Additional members of the rat liver lamin polypeptide family. Structural and immunological characterization

Abstract In addition to lamins A, B, and C (Gerace, L., Blum, A., and Blobel, G. (1978) J. Cell Biol. 79, 546-566), the rat liver nuclear lamina has recently been shown to contain two higher molecular weight (70,000-75,000, pI 5.7-5.8) quantitatively less prominent nuclear polypeptides (Lehner, C.F., Kurer, V., Eppenberger, H. M., and Nigg, E. A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 13293-13301). In the present study two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping and Western blotting with affinity-purified chicken and human sera have been utilized to examine the structural relationships and the tissue distribution of these quantitatively less prominent mammalian lamins (termed lamins D and E in this study). Lamins D and E have indistinguishable one- and two-dimensional proteolytic maps. Whereas the one-dimensional proteolytic maps of lamins D and E show several degradation products which are of similar molecular mass to polypeptides seen in one-dimensional proteolytic maps of lamins A, B, and C, the two-dimensional tryptic maps of D and E are distinct from those of lamins A, B, and C, suggesting that lamins D and E are produced by transcription of one or more unique genes. Nonetheless, affinity-purified anti-D/E antibodies (raised against lamin E) cross-react with lamin B, suggesting the presence of a shared epitope. Moreover, a human autoantibody cross-reacts with all five lamins after affinity elution from any of the five, suggesting the presence of another epitope which is shared by all five polypeptides. All five lamins were undetectable in rodent epididymal sperm. In contrast, lamins D and E were readily detected in a variety of rat somatic tissues (liver, kidney, prostate, brain, heart) including lymphoid cells, a cell type depleted of lamins A and C. During mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes, the signal for lamins A and C increased 5-fold, the signal for lamins D and E increased 2-fold, but the signal for lamin B remained unchanged, suggesting that levels of lamins D and E are regulated independently from those of the major lamins.
Mind, Language, And Society: Philosophy In The Real World

Introduction Basic Metaphysics: Reality and Truth How We Fit into the Universe: The Mind as a Biological Phenomenon The Essence of the Mind: Consciousness and Its Structure How the Mind Works: Intentionality The Structure of the Social Universe: How the Mind Creates an Objective Social Reality How Language Works: Speech as a Kind of Human Action.
Susceptibility of human skeletal muscle culture to influenza virus infection: I. Cytopathology and immunofluorescence

We found that fused human muscle in culture supports neurotropic influenza A viral infection, as demonstrated by viral growth experiments, hemadsorption, observation of cytopathic changes and detection of intracellular viral antigen. The time of peak virion production and the appearance of cytopathic effects in these experiments were similar to previously described characteristics in influenza A-susceptible organotypic cultures of other tissues. Cytopathological changes occurred earlier in mononucleated cells than in myotubes and included cell-rounding; cytoplasmic retraction, granularity and vacuolization; ribonucleic acid-containing cytoplasmic inclusions; nucleolar enlargement; and clumping of chromatin. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated early nuclear fluorescence, followed by spread of viral antigen into the cytoplasm. A subpopulation of mononucleated cells, shown by cloning studies to be myoblasts, showed no cytopathic effects or evidence of intracellular viral antigen and was presumably resistant to neurotropic influenza A infection. The adverse effects of influenza A on fused human muscle cells in tissue culture contrast with the inability of the virus to replicate in skeletal muscle after animal inoculation in acute experiments. Therefore, host factors may affect attempts to produce an animal model of human muscle disease with this virus.
Breast Metastasis of Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma: A Case Report.

Patient: Female, 58 Final Diagnosis: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma with widespread metastases Symptoms: — Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Left below knee amputation Specialty: Oncology Objective: Rare disease
African American adult apheresis donors respond to granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor with neutrophil and progenitor cell yields comparable to those of Caucasian and Hispanic donors.

BACKGROUND: Granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) are the most common source of cells used for hematopoietic transplantation. Benign ethnic neutropenia has been found in persons of African descent, affecting circulating white blood cells (WBCs), but not WBC production within marrow. Persons of African descent have reduced neutrophil mobilization after steroid administration, and newborns have fewer nucleated and progenitor cells in their cord blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-two African American (AA) and 12 Hispanic PBPC donors were age, sex, and weight matched with 34 Caucasian donors. Groups were compared based on WBC and neutrophil counts after mobilization and numbers of CD34+ cells collected on Day 5 of G-CSF mobilization. RESULTS: AA donors had significantly lower baseline WBC (6.1 ± 1.1 vs. 7.1 ± 1.7, p = 0.04) and neutrophil (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 4.5 ± 1.3, p = 0.01) counts compared to matched Caucasian donors. G-CSF–stimulated AAs had a significantly greater increase in WBC and neutrophil counts compared to matched Caucasians (889 ± 293% vs. 665 ± 230% neutrophils, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in product cell counts when comparing total nucleated, CD3+, CD34+, and mononuclear cells or colony-forming units (CFUs) between Caucasians and Hispanics or AAs and trends to greater numbers of neutrophils in products from AA donors. CONCLUSION: When stimulated by G-CSF, AAs are able to increase WBC and neutrophil counts to a higher degree than Caucasians, achieving similar numbers of neutrophil and progenitor cells in apheresis products despite starting from lower baseline blood counts.
mGluR1 within the nucleus accumbens regulates alcohol intake in mice under limited-access conditions

Abstract Idiopathic or alcohol-induced increases in the expression and function of the Group1 metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1 (mGluR1) within the extended amygdala are theorized to contribute to an individual's propensity to consume excessive amounts of alcohol. In the past, the detailed study of the functional relevance of mGluR1 for alcoholism-related behaviors in animal models was hampered by the poor solubility and non-specific side effects of available inhibitors; however, the advent of the highly potent and soluble mGluR1 negative allosteric modulator JNJ-16259685 [(3,4-Dihydro-2 H -pyrano[2,3- b ]quinolin-7-yl)-( cis -4-methoxycyclohexyl)-methanone] has instigated a re-examination of the role for this mGluR subtype in mediating the behavioral effects of alcohol. In this regard, systemic pretreatment with JNJ-16259685 was proven effective at reducing alcohol reinforcement and motivation for the drug. mGluR1 is a Gαq/o-coupled receptor, the stimulation of which activates phospholipase C (PLC). Thus, the present study investigated potential neuroanatomical substrates and intracellular molecules involved in the ability of JNJ-16259685 to reduce alcohol intake. JNJ-16259685 (0–30 pg/side) was infused into the shell subregion of the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of C57BL/6J and Homer2 knock-out (KO) mice, either alone or in combination with the PLC inhibitor U-73122 (5.8 fg/side). Alcohol intake was then assessed under Drinking-in-the-Dark (DID) procedures. Intra-NAC JNJ-16259685 infusion dose-dependently reduced alcohol consumption by C57BL/6J mice; this effect was not additive with that produced by U-73122, nor was it present in Homer2 KO animals. These data provide novel evidence in support of a critical role for mGluR1-PLC signaling, scaffolded by Homer2, within the NAC shell, in maintaining alcohol consumption under limited access procedures. Such findings have relevance for both the pharmacotherapeutics and pharmacogenetics of risky alcohol drinking and alcoholism.