cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Second Year Production of Force Molted Hens in the California Random Sample Test

Abstract TWO molting experiments were conducted at the Poultry Testing Project, Modesto, California, by the California Poultry Improvement Commission, and the University of California, Davis. The purpose of the two experiments was to detect possible strain-treatment interaction in second year performance of hens held with or without artificial molting, respectively. Previous force molt experiments have shown an increase in rate of egg production, in shell thickness and improvement of albumen quality following the molt (Hansen, 1960). He reported greater improvements in egg quality and production as length of molt increased. A gain of 10 Haugh units immediately after force molting was reported by Snyder and Orr (1960). Marble (1963) reported in an analysis of costs and income that hens can be as profitable in their second year of production as they were in their first year. When 44 separate entries in the New York Random Sample Test were force molted, albumen…
Energy-Efficient and Bandwidth-Reconfigurable Photonic Networks for High-Performance Computing (HPC) Systems

Optical interconnects are becoming ubiquitous for short-range communication within boards and racks due to higher communication bandwidth at lower power dissipation when compared to metallic interconnects. Efficient multiplexing techniques (wavelengths, time, and space) allow bandwidths to scale; static or predetermined resource allocation of wavelengths can be detrimental to network performance for nonuniform (adversial) workloads. Dynamic bandwidth reallocation (DBR) based on actual traffic pattern can lead to improved network performance by utilizing idle resources. While DBR techniques can alleviate interconnection bottlenecks, power consumption also increases considerably with increase in bit rate and channels. In this paper, we propose to improve the performance of optical interconnects using DBR techniques and simultaneously optimize the power consumption using dynamic power management (DPM) techniques. DBR reallocates idle channels to busy channels (wavelengths) for improving throughput, and DPM regulates the bit rates and supply voltages for the individual channels. A reconfigurable optoelectronic architecture and a performance adaptive algorithm for implementing DBR and DPM are proposed in this paper. Our proposed reconfiguration algorithm achieves a significant reduction in power consumption and considerable improvement in throughput, with a marginal increase in latency for synthetic and real (Splash-2) traffic traces.
Force-reflection and shared compliant control in operating telemanipulators with time delay

Shared compliant control has been incorporated into an advanced six-degree-of-freedom force-reflecting telemanipulation system. With this system the authors have investigated the effect of time delay on human telemanipulation task performance. Time delays of between 2 and 4096 ms were introduced between master and slave arms, and high-precision peg-in-hole tasks were performed by six test operators with two modes of control: kinesthetic force feedback (KFF) and shared compliant control (SCC). Task performance was quantified in terms of the completion time (CT) and the sum of square forces (SOSF). The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of SCC over KFF for time-delayed telemanipulation. SCC has significantly lower rates of increase than KFF in both CT and SOSF with time delay. Only SCC enabled task performance at delays above 1 s. Constant force maintenance tasks were also performed to investigate the effect of time delay on the stability of force reflection. SCC also has beneficial effects on telemanipulation without time delay. >
Psychogrammatical factors in oral and written discourse by skilled communicators

(1966). Psychogrammatical factors in oral and written discourse by skilled communicators. Speech Monographs: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 73-76.
College choice and the university brand: exploring the consumer decision framework

Branding in higher education has become increasingly used as a mechanism of differentiation among competitors to attract prospective students. Although branding in higher education is a common phenomenon, little work has been done assessing the college selection process using a brand choice framework. This paper aims to fill the gap by investigating the college selection process using the consumer decision framework specifically addressing the notion of the consideration set. The study employs qualitative research methods and included interviews of incoming first-year students. The findings reveal that the university brands in the consideration set for a student range from one to eight and need not be of the same type of institution. Also, the findings highlight other brand-related constructs that help to move the university from consideration set to ultimately the college of choice.
Short- and long-term investors (and other stakeholders too): must (and do) their interests conflict?

In this chapter for an edited volume, we review and analyze theoretical and empirical questions raised by the ongoing debate over whether American public corporations face undue legal and market pressure to pursue short term profits. Orthodox theory holds that the highest ‘bucks’ should not necessarily be the ‘quickest’ – that is, that markets correctly value a company’s prospects, no matter how far in the future they are. Of course, given the time value of money, a long-term prospect has to be much better than a short-term one to be worthwhile. But the argument made with respect to shareholder activists, and to a lesser but still considerable degree corporate raiders, was that cost-cutting was being encouraged even if doing so saved less than the discounted value foregone.This argument is not consistent with orthodox theory. Here, we explain why this is so, consider reasons why that theory might be wrong, and make some suggestions for ways to proceed. In our view, there is plausible, and perhaps sufficient, evidence of a problem from shareholders’ perspective – corporations may indeed be shunning some potentially higher-yielding long-term strategies, emphasizing instead the short-term strategies that yield cash and savings in the short term. There may be a problem from the societal perspective as well, which is separate from but related to the question of short-term strategies. The market may be addressing the shareholder problem, although perhaps not sufficiently, and probably not sufficiently quickly. The societal problem, the underprovision of public goods, and the imposition of negative externalities, is far trickier to address. We offer some suggestions which might help on both fronts. That being said, in some cases, the conflict between a shareholder value maximization perspective and a societal perspective may be intractable.
IL35-Producing B Cells Promote the Development of Pancreatic Neoplasia

A salient feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an abundant fibroinflammatory response characterized by the recruitment of immune and mesenchymal cells and the consequent establishment of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Here we report the prominent presence of B cells in human pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDA lesions as well as in oncogenic K-Ras-driven pancreatic neoplasms in the mouse. The growth of orthotopic pancreatic neoplasms harboring oncogenic K-Ras was significantly compromised in B cell-deficient mice (μMT), and this growth deficiency could be rescued by the reconstitution of a CD1dhighCD5+ B cell subset. The pro-tumorigenic effect of B cells was mediated by their expression of IL-35 through a mechanism involving IL-35-mediated stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Our results identify a previously unrecognized role for IL-35-producing CD1dhighCD5+ B cells in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and underscore the potential significance of a B cell/IL-35 axis as a therapeutic target.
Diagnosing Automatic Whitelisting for Dynamic Remarketing Ads Using Hybrid ASP

Hybrid ASP (H-ASP) is an extension of ASP that allows users to combine ASP type rules and numerical algorithms. Dynamic Remarketing Ads is Google’s platform for serving customized ads based on past interactions with a user. In this paper we will describe the use of H-ASP to diagnose failures of the automatic whitelisting system for Dynamic Remarketing Ads. We will show that the diagnosing task is an instance of a computational pattern that we call the Branching Computational Pattern (BCP). We will then describe a Python H-ASP library (H-ASP PL) that allows to perform computations using a BCP, and we will describe a H-ASP PL program that solves the diagnosing problem.
Post-Mastectomy Radiation Therapy for Invasive Lobular Carcinoma: A Comparative Utilization and Outcomes Study

Abstract Background To date, there have been no analyses to assess factors that influence post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) utilization in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) or to quantify the benefit of PMRT in ILC as compared with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We compared histology-specific utilization of PMRT by tumor and patient characteristics and estimated the effect of PMRT on overall and breast cancer-specific survival in ILC and IDC patients meeting American College of Radiology (ACR) criteria for PMRT. Patients and Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to identify women diagnosed with ILC or IDC from 2004 to 2009 who underwent mastectomy. We assessed utilization of PMRT by T and N stage, analyzed factors associated with PMRT use, and quantified the histology-specific survival benefit of PMRT using log-rank tests and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results We identified 86,098 IDC and 12,703 ILC patients. Within this cohort, 18.7% of IDC patients and 26.1% of ILC met ACR criteria for PMRT. Among patients with a definite indication, PMRT was more commonly employed in ILC than in IDC (59.6% vs. 56.3%; P = .0004). Among patients with a definite indication for PMRT, radiation improved 5-year breast cancer-specific survival from 71.4% to 77.0% for IDC ( P P = .0003). Conclusions PMRT was used more commonly in ILC than in IDC. PMRT significantly improves 5-year overall survival and breast cancer-specific survival for ILC patients to a degree comparable with that seen in IDC. Moreover, among ILC and IDC patients who meet ACR criteria, PMRT appears to be significantly underutilized.
Resisting Bodies: Narratives of Italian Partisan Women

Rosetta D'Angelo and Barbara Zaczek (eds and trans.) (2008) Resisting Bodies: Narratives of Italian Partisan Women. Studi e Testi 9 (Chapel Hill, NC: Annali d'Italianistica), 33 + 224 pp., ISBN: 09...
Enhancement of Surface Runoff Quality Using Modified Sorbents

The objective of this study was to develop and test nanoparticle- and polymer-based bioactive amended sorbents to enhance stormwater runoff treatment in best management practices (BMPs). Red cedar wood and expanded shale were the sorbents tested. Red cedar wood chips (RC) were modified with 3-(trihydroxysilyl) propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (TPA) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different mass loadings (0.36 mg/g, 0.67 mg/g, and 0.93 mg/g for TPA and 0.33 mg/g and 0.68 mg/g for AgNPs) to simultaneously improve the sorption of organic and inorganic contaminants and pathogenic deactivation in BMPs treating stormwater runoff. Unmodified expanded shale is often used as a filter material for stormwater treatment and was used as a base comparison. The results showed that TPA and AgNPs loading onto red cedar increased the Langmuir maximum sorption coefficient (Q) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, up to 35 fold and 29 fold, respectively, compared to unmodified red cedar. In the case of heavy met...
Multiband Gravitational-Wave Astronomy: Parameter Estimation and Tests of General Relativity with Space- and Ground-Based Detectors

With the discovery of the binary-black-hole (BBH) coalescence GW150914 the era of gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy has started. It has recently been shown that BBH with masses comparable to or higher than GW150914 would be visible in the Evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA) band a few years before they finally merge in the band of ground-based detectors. This would allow for premerger electromagnetic alerts, dramatically increasing the chances of a joint detection, if BBHs are indeed luminous in the electromagnetic band. In this Letter we explore a quite different aspect of multiband GW astronomy, and verify if, and to what extent, measurement of masses and sky position with eLISA could improve parameter estimation and tests of general relativity with ground-based detectors. We generate a catalog of 200 BBHs and find that having prior information from eLISA can reduce the uncertainty in the measurement of source distance and primary black hole spin by up to factor of 2 in ground-based GW detectors. The component masses estimate from eLISA will not be refined by the ground based detectors, whereas joint analysis will yield precise characterization of the newly formed black hole and improve consistency tests of general relativity.
A Fast Frequency Domain Boundary Element Method for Transient Elastodynamic Analysis

The conventional frequency-domain boundary element method(BEM)based on discrete Fourier transform is difficult to complete transient analysis of low damped and undamped systems.To solve this problem,the exponential window method is combined with the frequencydomain BEM,and the precorrected fast Fourier transform(pFFT)is used to accelerate the frequency-domain BEM analysis.For solving the sequence of linear systems corresponding to the sampling frequencies with higher efficiency,an extrapolation method is proposed to obtain good initial guesses.In addition,a newly developed Krylov subspace recycling method is employed to solve this sequence of linear systems.Numerical examples demonstrate a dramatic reduction of iterations,which leads to higher efficiency and smaller memory consuming.
Bilingual education in the United States:history, programs and status

This article provides an overview of bilingual education in the United States, including an introduction of different ESL and bilingual programs. The author analyzed and commented on the current status of Asian/English bilingual education and importance of being bilingual in a global village.
Sanctuary in a residential treatment center: creating a therapeutic community of hope countering violence

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present insights into how and why the Sanctuary and SELF models are effective in decreasing trauma symptoms with a population of court-committed male adolescents in a residential treatment program. The Sanctuary model is a trauma-focussed, trauma-sensitive, organizational change model, and treatment protocol approach to working with clients who have experienced trauma, loss, and toxic stress to the degree that they interfere with social and personal functioning. The SELF model within Sanctuary is a treatment protocol that is an acronym for the organizing categories of safety, emotion management, loss, and the future. In essence, Sanctuary’s purpose is to create therapeutic community. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research methods of observation of groups and meetings, content analysis of existing quantitative data and agency documents, focus groups with staff and residents, and individual interviews with staff were utilized. Findings – Data show that t...
Mismatched Educational Expectations and Achievement and Adolescent Women’s Risk of Unprotected First Sex:

Many scholars highlight the benefits of high educational expectations. The study of adolescent women’s sexual risk-taking focuses on college expectations and high achievement for buffering young women from negative outcomes. But one’s expectations and level of college preparation could be mismatched, which may have negative effects. Congruent expectations and achievement are likely to be most beneficial, while inflated expectations (high expectations and low test scores) and deflated expectations (low expectations and high test scores) are expected to be associated with higher risks. College preparatory versus lower coursework in high school may also moderate or mediate these effects. This study used National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS:88) data with event history and logistic regression analyses to examine how expectations, achievement, and college-preparatory math coursework interact to affect adolescent women’s risk of unprotected first sex. Results show that the effects of expectations are co...
Post-Ictal ACTH and Prolactin Plasma Levels

Significant elevations in ACTH and prolactin plasma levels were found within one hour after generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 10 epileptic patients but not in patients with syncopal attacks investigated at the Service de Neurologie, Hopital General 3, rue Faubourg Raines, Dijon, France.
Wideband spectrum sensing for cognitive radios in unknown noise via power spectrum analysis

One of the first steps to be accomplished by a cognitive user in cognitive radio applications is spectrum sensing: analysis of the received electromagnetic transmissions to search for unoccupied spectrum bands (spectrum holes). We propose two spectrum sensing methods based on comparing the power spectral densities estimated from data acquired over two non-overlapping time segments. The first window serves as a reference for noise and interference while the second window may or may not contain primary user(s). Two binary hypothesis tests based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) paradigm are formulated for comparing the power spectra estimated from the two time segments. Illustrative simulation examples are presented.
Differential mutation frequencies in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas versus primary tumors

BACKGROUND Exome and targeted sequencing studies have identified potential driver mutations for a variety of tumor types. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most highly mutated cancers but typically is associated with low rates of metastasis and high survival rates. Nevertheless, metastatic cSCC is a significant health threat; up to 8800 individuals die each year of this disease. METHODS Because it is difficult to predict which cSCCs are more likely to metastasize, and because to the best of the authors' knowledge there are no targeted therapies specifically designated for patients with metastatic cSCC, exome and/or targeted sequencing of 18 metastatic and 10 primary cSCCs was performed to identify mutations that were more frequent in metastatic tumors and might be targeted for therapeutic benefit. The authors compared their results with published sequencing results of an additional 223 primary tumors and 68 metastatic cSCCs. RESULTS The authors identified genes demonstrating higher mutation frequencies in metastatic cSCC compared with primary tumors, including the chromatin remodeling gene lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) and the classic skin tumor suppressor tumor protein p53 (TP53), which was found to be mutated in 54% of primary tumors compared with 85% of metastatic tumors (P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS These studies appear to uncover potential pathways that are important in metastatic cSCC and that broaden understanding of the biology contributing to aggressive tumor behavior. These results may lead to new therapeutic strategies. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Co-diagnosing configuration failures in co-robotic systems

Robotic systems often have complex configuration spaces that, when poorly set, can cause failures. In this work we take advantage of the close synergy between user and robot in co-robotic systems to better diagnose and overcome configuration failures. We leverage users' understanding of the system to mark failures they observe while the system is in operation. A marked failure indicates that the robot either “did not do something when it should have” or “did something when it should not have”. The failure marking is coupled with an automated analysis approach that identifies code predicates involving configuration parameters that may be relevant to each failure type, ranks the parameters according to their potential to be associated with the failure, and suggests adjustments based on the run-time outcome of those predicates. We present the approach, its implementation, and a preliminary study on a configurable unmanned air system. The results show how the approach can successfully help diagnose and adjust faulty configuration parameters in co-robotic systems.
Grid Implantation in Seizure Patients

Patients with epilepsy face many medical and social obstacles. The fortunate ones have their seizures controlled by medication, enabling them to have a normal life-style. Others may benefit from grid implantation followed by excision of the seizure focus.
Comparison of Resistance and Chair Yoga Training on Subjective Sleep Quality in MCI Women

Background: Self-rated sleep disorders are common in older adults, resulting in various health problems. Two types of exercise are suggested as an affordable and accessible non-pharmacological treatment and are being compared and discussed. Objectives: This randomized, controlled, 12-week trial investigates the effects of different types of exercise (resistance vs chair yoga training) on subjective sleep quality, in women with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: In order to measure cognitive function, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used. Forty nine participants enrolled in the study were randomized to a resistance training program (n=16), or a chair yoga program (n=15), or a control group (n=18). All participants engaged in cognitive activities. Results: At baseline, PSQI scores for CYG, RTG and CG (8.2±5.1, 6.1±4.3, 7.4±4.1, respectively) and MMSE (28.3±1.4, 27.8±1.2, 28.0±2.3, respectively) did not differ statistically between the three groups (F 2,46 = 1.993, p= 0.143). After the intervention, a significant improvement in PSQI total score was noted in resistance training group (t=2.335, df 15 , p=0.03). Conclusions: There were no significant differences between groups before and after test for the PSQI subscale scores (sleep onset latency (h), time spent in bed before sleep (min), morning waking up (h) and sleep duration (h)). No significant difference was found in PSQI subscales scores within each group. This study proposes that resistance training is an effective treatment approach to improve sleep quality in women with mild cognitive impairment.
Slowly cycling Rho kinase-dependent actomyosin cross-bridge “slippage” explains intrinsic high compliance of detrusor smooth muscle

Biological soft tissues are viscoelastic because they display time-independent pseudoelasticity and time-dependent viscosity. However, there is evidence that the bladder may also display plasticity...
Dynamic Architecture of Plant Photosynthetic Membranes

The energy converting photosynthetic machinery in plants is harbored in the thylakoid membrane system inside the chloroplast. The structural flexibility of thylakoid membranes is a central feature that allows sessile plants to adapt to very different and highly fluctuating environmental conditions. This chapter surveys structural attributes of the thylakoid membrane system and its dynamics. It connects structural alterations to the functionality of the energy converting apparatus and its regulation. Two structural levels are addressed that cover different length scales. The first deals with changes in the overall membrane architecture (micrometer length scale) with a special emphasis on stacked grana regions. The second part focuses on the organization of many protein complexes in thylakoid membranes (100 nm length scale). It turns out that thylakoid membranes evolved a remarkable degree of plasticity that fine-tune different aspects of photosynthetic energy transformation.
Advances in the Ignitor Program

The most significant recent advances that have been made within the Ignitor program are described. For physics, these involve the analysis of the confinement properties of plasmas produced in recent experiments with peaked density profiles relevant to Ignitor, the characterization of the regimes with double X-point configurations that Ignitor can generate, and the study of oscillatory states for the plasma pressure near ignition that can be obtained by both external and internal forms of control. On the engineering side, the second generation prototypes of the toroidal magnet plates that have been constructed are described. The completion of the design of the plasma chamber that withstands the estimated disruption forces, of the first wall system, including Mo tiles and associated supporting plates, and of the remote handling system is reported. Other relevant R&D activities (i.e. construction of a fast pellet injector) are being carried out. The design of all elements of the poloidal field system has been re-optimized. The analysis of the connection of Ignitor to a node of the European grid has been completed with positive results and official authorization. The set of currents in the machine coils, for a plasma current pulse of 11 MA, that minimizes the requirements of the machine electrical power supply system has been identified. 1. Ignition and Relevant Experimental Observations Ignition, the condition where the nuclear plasma heating equals the rate of plasma energy loss, can be attained at relatively low peak temperatures in a high magnetic field experiment, such as Ignitor [1] (R0=1.32 m, a×b _ ~ 0.47×0.86 m , BT ~ < 13 T, Ip ~ < 11 MA), designed to explore the physics of burning plasmas. In the reference operation scenario the plasma current reaches its maximum value in 4 s and the subsequent flattop lasts 4 s. A number of simulations carried out by the JETTO transport code [2,3] to study the attainment of ignition have pointed out that Ignitor can reach its goals by operating in regimes where no pressure pedestal is formed at the edge of the plasma column. The most accessible conditions to reach ignition involve relatively peaked density profiles (e.g., n0/ n ≅ 2) as they are beneficial for fusion burning plasmas from several perspectives, and in particular can provide a stability edge against the so-called ηi modes that enhance the ion thermal transport. In fact, the injection of pellets to prevent the confinement saturation was suggested originally for the Alcator C experiments to stabilize the Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) driven modes by means of an adequate density gradient. Density profile peaking produced by multiple pellet injection have sustained enhanced confinement regimes in experiments carried out on the FTU machine [4]. As already observed in earlier experiments, the confinement time τE increases with density up to a saturation value, corresponding to the so-called L-mode regime,
Technology Used in Toilet Training

A number of technological advances have occurred in the toilet training of children. Early developments such as the “bell and pad” have been available for decades. Similarly, daytime pants alarms have been in widespread use for some time. More recent developments involving computer technology and telecommunications have emerged. This chapter reviews the literature on the use of technology and its evolution overtime.
Integrating National Culture into Individual IS Adoption Research: The Need for Individual Level Measures

Cross cultural IS Research is beginning to mature, however, much is left to do. This research-in-progress paper reviews the most popular conceptualization of National Culture and offers suggestions for improvements in measurement. While Hofstede’s measures, consisting of uncertainty avoidance, power distance, masculinity/ femininity, and individualism/collectivism, are still widely used in many disciplines, there are no guarantees that the measures still hold after over 30 years. Indeed, some evidence is presented that indicates that shifts might have occurred. Also, the constructs are measured at the national level, which cannot be used in individual models of behavior or technology acceptance. Data currently being analyzed will be presented at the conference, describing what are likely to be more appropriate measures for IS models.
Phase transitions of bounded satisfiability problems

We investigate phase transitions for the family of bounded satisfiability problems 3SAT(b), recently introduced by Zhang, that ask: given a 3CNF- formula, is there a truth assignment that violates no more than b of its clauses. Zhang's results were experimental and for a fixed number of variables (n = 25), and suggested that the locations of the phase transitions for 3SAT(b) are separated and move significantly as b increases. Analysis of these locations was posed as an open question. We analytically show that the phase transitions of all 3SAT(6) problems must occur within a narrow region, regardless of how large the value of b is. Moreover, our experiments reveal that the phase transitions for these problems occur in a remarkable way. Specifically, unlike 3SAT, the probability curves for 3SAT(6) do not have a quasi-common intersection point about which they rotate as they become steeper with increasing n. Instead, they move rapidly to the left toward the narrow region that the analysis predicts.
Bubble Dispersion States in the Zinc Oxide Desulfurization Injection Blow Tank

As the high sulfur petroleum coke consumption gradually increase in the production of pre-baked anode, SO2 is produced higher than the new environmental protection standard at the process of aluminum electrolysis. Aiming at this problem, injection blow combined with ozone oxidation in a stirred tank is put forward to remove low concentration SO2 by ZnO. Wide dispersion of small bubbles in the reactor is indispensable for high desulfurization efficiency. So High-speed camera record the bubble dispersion states in the reactor under different experiment conditions: impeller structure, rotation speed, gas flow rate, nozzle structure, immersion depth and eccentricity. Image processing software and Origin software are used for obtaining the bubble sizes and distribution. Results show that the bubbles diameter is mainly distributed between 0.2 and 0.75 mm in the best conditions of SSB-D impeller structure, stirring speed of 300 r/min, 300 L/h gas flow rate, immersion depth of 80 mm, nozzle with 8 holes, eccentricity 0.4.
Entropy based measure sentiment analysis in the financial market

Financial markets are usually affected by the news media which would allow us to consider the news sentiment effect on the market. In this study we propose the sentiment shock and sentiment trend. We provide an entropy based analysis for the two and compare them with the original sentiment score where we quantify the effectiveness of each sentiment in different financial sectors. We show that the sentiment shock and the sentiment trend are more efficient for cyclical sectors and both have a better capability to reduce the noise in the original signal around it's mean. Also, we design a dynamic sentiment shock and trend trading strategy with weekly evaluations where we show that a strategy based on sentiment shock or trend can have a superior performance compared to a buy-and-hold strategy in terms of risk-adjusted return.
Galvanic Replacement-Driven Transformations of Atomically Intermixed Bimetallic Colloidal Nanocrystals: Effects of Compositional Stoichiometry and Structural Ordering.

Galvanic replacement reactions dictated by deliberately designed nanoparticulate templates have emerged as a robust and versatile approach that controllably transforms solid monometallic nanocrystals into a diverse set of architecturally more sophisticated multimetallic hollow nanostructures. The galvanic atomic exchange at the nanoparticle/liquid interfaces induces a series of intriguing structure-transforming processes that interplay over multiple time and length scales. Using colloidal Au–Cu alloy and intermetallic nanoparticles as structurally and compositionally fine-tunable bimetallic sacrificial templates, we show that atomically intermixed bimetallic nanocrystals undergo galvanic replacement-driven structural transformations remarkably more complicated than those of their monometallic counterparts. We interpret the versatile structure-transforming behaviors of the bimetallic nanocrystals in the context of a unified mechanistic picture that rigorously interprets the interplay of three key structure...
Motivating Capital Investment by Using the Audit Process to Increase Financial Transparency

This study examines the relationship between REITs’ uses of the audit process to increase financial transparency, and their ability to attract and/or maintain reasonable access to capital investment. We find that capital investment is positively and significantly associated with auditor quality, specialization, and reputation. After controlling for the effects of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, we find that when REITs seek to attract new capital investment, using the audit process to increase financial transparency is just as important before the crisis as after it. These findings suggest that regardless of the economic conditions, auditor quality, specialization, and reputation add value. This study examines the relationship between REITs’ uses of the audit process to increase financial transparency, and their ability to attract and/or maintain reasonable access to capital investment. We find that capital investment is positively and significantly associated with auditor quality, specialization, and reputation. After controlling for the effects of the 2007-2008 financial crisis, we find that when REITs seek to attract new capital investment, using the audit process to increase financial transparency is just as important before the crisis as after it. These findings suggest that regardless of the economic conditions, auditor quality, specialization, and reputation add value.
Simulating Operational Complexities: A Hands-On Experiential Exercise With Laundry:

Responding to change is a critical workforce competency and an essential skill for effective leadership and management along with abilities to work in a group, problem solve, and demonstrate critic...
Comparisons of utility inequality and income inequality

Abstract A simple theoretical model is developed and analyzed to investigate the possible relationships between income inequality and utility inequality. Measuring utility inequality and income inequality with Gini coefficients, it is argued that there need not be any relation whatsoever between the realized levels of inequality in these two distinct outcomes. That is, a high level of income inequality could result when there is either equally high or absolutely no utility inequality, and a low level of income inequality could result when there is either no utility inequality or a relatively high degree of utility inequality. Consequently, if what we are actually concerned with is inequality in utility or well-being, observations on income inequality might be meaningless.
Comparing Hamstring Autograft With Hybrid Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review.

Purpose To systematically review the literature in an effort to compare the demographics and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with a hamstring tendon autograft (HT) versus an irradiated or nonirradiated hybrid autograft-allograft. Methods A systematic review of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. All English-language literature that reported general demographics and compared the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary ACLR with autograft versus hybrid graft (HG) with a minimum 2-year follow-up was reviewed by 2 independent reviewers. Search terms used were “anterior cruciate ligament” and “hybrid graft.” Patients were assessed based on graft failure, anteroposterior laxity, and patient-reported outcomes (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, visual analog scale, Subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score, Lysholm, and Tegner scores). Study quality was evaluated with the Modified Coleman Methodology Score and ROBINS-I risk of bias tool. Results Twelve studies (1 level II, 11 level III) met inclusion criteria (follow-up, 2.0-8.9 years), including 471 patients undergoing ACLR with an irradiated hybrid graft (IH), 89 patients with a nonirradiated hybrid graft, and 829 patients with HT. Graft diameter ranged from 7.5 to 10.0 mm and from 6.5 to 10.0 mm in HG and HT patients, respectively. Overall, graft failure ranged from 0% to 30.0% and from 0% to 28.3% in HG and HT patients, respectively (I2 = 35.9%; 95% confidence interval 0%-74.8%). Among HG patients, graft failure ranged from 0%-30.0% and from 2.4%-4.2% in IH and nonirradiated hybrid graft groups, respectively (I2 = 33.6%; 95% confidence interval, 0%-71.8%). Results for postoperative anteroposterior laxity and patient-reported outcomes were also inconsistent. Conclusions Patients undergoing ACLR with HT demonstrate inconsistent differences in clinical outcomes at midterm follow-up compared with IH patients. Level of Evidence III, systematic review of level II and III studies.
VIBRIO CHOLERAE ADAPTS TO SESSILE AND MOTILE LIFESTYLES BY CYCLIC DI-GMP REGULATION OF CELL SHAPE

The cell morphology of rod-shaped bacteria is determined by the rigid net of peptidoglycan forming the cell wall. While V. cholerae grows into a curved shape under most conditions, straight rods have been observed. However, the signals and regulatory pathways controlling cell shape transitions in V. cholerae and the benefits of switching between rod and curved shape have not been determined. We demonstrate that cell shape in V. cholerae is regulated by the bacterial second messenger cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) by repressing expression of crvA, a gene encoding an intermediate filament-like protein necessary for curvature formation in V. cholerae. This regulation is mediated by the transcriptional cascade that also induces production of biofilm matrix components, indicating that cell shape is coregulated with V. cholerae induction of sessility. Wild-type V. cholerae cells adhering to a surface lose their characteristic curved shape to become as straight as cells lacking crvA while genetically engineering cells to maintain high curvature reduced microcolony formation and biofilm density. Conversely, straight V. cholerae mutants have reduced speed when swimming using flagellar motility in liquid. Our results demonstrate regulation of cell shape in bacteria is a mechanism to increase fitness in planktonic or biofilm lifestyles.
A Formative Assessment Observation Protocol to Measure Implementation: Evaluating the Scoring Inference

There is currently a lack of instrumentation with sufficient technical quality focused on the implementation of classroom formative assessment at a grain-size appropriate for the provision of feedb...
Seizure localization using EEG analytical signals.

Abstract Objective Localization of epileptic seizures, usually characterized by abnormal hypersynchronous wave patterns from the cortex, remains elusive. We present a novel, robust method for automatic localization of seizures on the scalp from clinical electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Methods Seizure patient EEG data was decomposed via the Hilbert Transform and processed through the following methodology: sorting the analytic amplitude (AA) in the time instance, locating the maximum amplitude within the vector of channels, cross-correlating amplitude values in the time index with the channel vector. The channel with highest AA value in time was located. Results Our approach provides an automated way to isolate the epi-genesis of seizure events with 93.3% precision and 100% sensitivity. The method differentiates seizure-related neural activity from other common EEG noise artifacts (e.g., blinks, myogenic noise). Conclusions We evaluated performance characteristics of our source location methodology utilizing both phase and energy of EEG signals from patients who exhibited seizure events. Feasibility of the new algorithm is demonstrated and confirmed. Significance The proposed method contributes to high-performance scalp localization for seizure events that is more straightforward and less computationally intensive than other methods (e.g., inverse source modeling). Ultimately, it may aid clinicians in providing improved patient diagnosis.
The 5-factor modified frailty index predicts health burden following surgery for pituitary adenomas

Frailty is known to influence cost-related surgical outcomes in neurosurgery, but quantifying frailty is often challenging. Therefore, we investigated the predictive value of the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) on total hospital charges, LOS, and 90-day readmission for patients undergoing pituitary surgery. The medical records of all patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary adenomas at an academic medical center between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Bivariate statistical analyses were conducted using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and independent samples t-test. Linear and logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis. Our cohort (n = 234) had a mean age of 53.8 years (standard deviation 14.6 years). Sex distributions were equal, and most patients were Caucasian (59%). On multivariate linear regression, with each one-point increase in mFI-5, total LOS increased by 0.64 days in the overall cohort (p < 0.001), 1.08 days in the Cushing disease cohort (p = 0.045), and 0.59 days in non-functioning tumors cohort (p = 0.004). Total charges increased by $3954 in the whole cohort (p < 0.001), $10,652 in the Cushing disease cohort (p = 0.033), and $2902 in the non-functioning tumors cohort (p = 0.007) with each one-point increase in mFI-5. Greater mFI-5 scores were associated with greater odds of 90-day readmission in both overall and Cushing disease cohorts, but these associations did not reach statistical significance. A patient’s mFI-5 score is significantly associated with increased length of stay and hospital charges for patients undergoing pituitary surgery. The mFI-5 may hold peri-operative value in patient counseling for pituitary adenoma surgery.
Safety and Efficacy of Thrombolysis in Telestroke for the Extended Time Window (P1.276)

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of IV tPA delivered in 3 to 4.5 hours through telestroke to patients with acute ischemic stroke. Background: Many centers now utilize telestroke to treat patients with acute ischemic stroke in remote areas and in hospitals without an in-house neurologist. Telestroke has been successfully used to administer tPA, however, there is little data to support telestroke for IV thrombolysis administration in the extended time window of 3 hour to 4.5 hours. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who received IV tPA through telestroke at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from January 2014 to June 2016. We compared patients who received IV tPA by telestroke before 3 hours from last seen well (LSW) to patients that received it between 3 and 4.5 hours from LSW. Outcomes of interest were symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and modified rankin scores (mRS). Results: There were 407 (87%) patients who received IV tPA through telemedicine before 3 hours with a mean time of 122 minutes from LSW and there were 63 patients (13%) who received IV tPA between 3 and 4.5 hours with a mean time of 210 minutes. The mean admission NIHSS for before 3 hours was 10.5 and for after 3 hours was 9.03. There was no significant difference between the before 3 hour group and the 3 to 4.5 hour group for both sICH (5% vs 2%, p >0.05) and mRS (2.64 vs 2.63, p >0.05). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in sICH or mRS for patients who received thrombolysis through telestroke before 3 hours compared to those that received it in 3 to 4.5 hours. This data suggests that it is safe and efficacious to give IV tPA with telemedicine from 3 to 4.5 hours. Disclosure: Dr. Steinberg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kenmuir has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jovin has received personal compensation for activities with Codman and Neuravi as a consultant. Dr. Jovin has received compensation for serving on Anaconda, Silk Road, Blockade Medical. Dr. Wechsler has received personal compensation for activities with Data and Safety Monitoring Board, Lundbeck DSMB, Biogen, and San Bio. Dr. Wechsler has received research support from San Bio and Athersys. Dr. Jadhav has nothing to disclose.
Carbohydrate assimilation in actively growing yeast. Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Metabolic pathways for [14C] glucose utilization by yeast during aerobic fermentation.

Abstract The metabolic pathways for [ 14 C]glucose utilization by the actively growing yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae , was investigated in a shaker flask fermentation system, which permitted maximum efficiency of yeast growth. A truly aerobic fermentation can be obtained only above an effective aeration rate of 50 mmoles O 2 /l/h under the experimental conditions employed. Various 14 C-labeled glucose substrates were fed continuously into the fermentation flasks. The existence of a uniform glucose metabolism pattern throughout the entire course of aerobic fermentation has been demonstrated. In other words, the true metabolism pattern, not the overall pattern, was investigated. During the aerobic fermentation ( i.e. 69 mmoles O 2 /l/h) by the actively growing yeast cells, 58 to 60% of the glucose carbon was assimilated into the yeast cells, while 40 to 42% was metabolized into CO 2 . About 6% of the total metabolic CO 2 produced was estimated to be derived via the hexose monophosphate shunt, 51% derived from the decarboxylation of pyruvate and 43% from the TCA-oxidative pathway. The effect of aeration on the quantitative significance of these pathways was also investigated. The fractions of the metabolic CO 2 derived by hexose monophosphate shunt remain quite constant at lower aeration levels, i.e. 4.4% at 15 mmoles O 2 /l/h and 4.3% at 7 mmoles O 2 /l/h, while that produced by pyruvate decarboxylation increases substantially, namely 80% and 95%, respectively. As expected, more ethanol was produced at the lower aeration levels. However, the specific radioactivity of the ethanol produced at these two aeration levels was about the same. The application of Weinhouse 's method, based upon the relative specific radioactivity of the isolated ethanol, for the evaluation of the quantitative significance of various catabolic pathways of glucose was discussed.
Hypertension in Women

Hypertension affects nearly a billion people world-wide with more than 67 million of them diagnosed in the United States [1]. Known colloquially as the “silent killer,” hypertension, along with obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, contributes to the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal disease. With nearly one in three Americans diagnosed with hypertension, increased responsibility has been placed upon medical providers to appropriately diagnose and treat the disease. In women, studies have supported they are generally more aware of their diagnosis when compared to men, and similarly treated with similar control [2]. Most concerning, however, is the underdiagnosis of hypertension in the primary care setting, with findings suggesting that less than 33 % of new cases of hypertension in women are appropriately diagnosed [3]. The goal of this chapter is to review the diagnosis, treatment, and special considerations present in women with hypertension.
Probabilistic Valuation Models and Income Tax Asymmetries with an Application to the Analysis of Passive Loss Restrictions

This paper develops a modified version of the standard real estate discounted cash flow valuation model that allows the analyst to specify probability distributions, rather than point estimates, on...