cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ground and Low-Lying Excited Electronic States of Difluorodiazirine †

Ground and low-lying excited electronic states of difluorodiazirine (F2CN2) were investigated using the recently revised, multireference, second-order generalized Van Vleck perturbation theory (GVVPT2). Initial studies on the ground state were carried out with the single-reference Moller−Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2), quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitation (QCISD), and coupled cluster with single, double, perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) methods using several correlation-consistent atomic basis sets. MP2 and QCISD did not give semiquantitatively correct descriptions of the ground state of the molecule. For the ground state, GVVPT2 results are in close agreement with CCSD(T) but lie slightly closer to the experimental results. A balanced treatment of nondynamic and dynamic correlation effects has been shown to be of crucial importance for correct description of the system. Equilibrium geometries, excitation energies, and thermodynamic stabilities of ...
Macroeconomic uncertainty and private investment

Abstract This paper provides empirical support for a link between macroeconomic uncertainty and private investment in developing countries. Cross-section regressions with constructed measures of uncertainty confirm that for developing countries uncertainty is negatively correlated with private investment.
Some semiconducting properties of bismuth trisulfide

Abstract Single crystals, dendrites, and crystalline films of bismuth trisulfide, Bi 2 S 3 , have been prepared and studied. From the films a thermal energy gap of 072 eV is found, in the range 300–400°K. From the single crystals, optical energy gaps of 14 eV at 77°K, and 12 eV at 300°K, are found; and resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility at 300°K are 0.85 ohm cm, 3 × 10 17 cm −3 and 50 cm 2 /volt sec, respectively. Thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are found to be 00206 W/cm°C, and 550μV/°C, for single crystal samples in a direction parallel to the principal cleavage planes at 300°K. Preparation techniques, and the apparatus used in the thermal conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements, are described.
Bile duct epithelia regulate biliary bicarbonate excretion in normal rat liver.

Abstract Background & Aims: A number of transporters and channels have been identified in cholangiocytes, but the role that bile ducts play in the formation of bile in vivo is unclear.We determined the contribution of cholangiocytes to bile flow and biliary bicarbonate excretion in normal rat liver. Methods: Bile flow and biliary bicarbonate were measured in isolated rat livers perfused via both the portal vein and the hepatic artery because the hepatic artery provides the blood supply to bile ducts.Livers were perfused with secretin or acetylcholine (ACh), which respectively increase either adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or cytosolic Ca 2+ in cholangiocytes.Livers also were perfused with glucagon or vasopressin to instead increase cAMP or cytosolic Ca 2+ in hepatocytes. Results: Secretin increased biliary bicarbonate in a dose-dependent fashion and was much more effective when administered via the hepatic artery.Secretin did not affect bile flow.Similarly, ACh increased bicarbonate excretion when infused via the hepatic artery but not the portal vein.The effects of secretin were augmented by ACh, and this was prevented by cyclosporin A.The effects of ACh were blocked by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), 5-nitro2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB), or diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (DPC), and the effects of secretin were inhibited by NPPB or DPC and unaffected by DIDS.Neither glucagon nor vasopressin altered biliary bicarbonate. Conclusions: Biliary bicarbonate is regulated by cholangiocytes rather than hepatocytes in normal rat liver.ACh-induced bicarbonate excretion depends on both chloride channels and bicarbonate exchange, whereas secretin-induced bicarbonate excretion is independent of bicarbonate exchange. GASTROENTEROLOGY 2001;121:396-406
Correlates of self efficacy for physical activity in African American women

This study examined the correlates of self-efficacy for physical activity in African American women. In bivariate analyses, self-efficacy was higher among women reporting fewer social role constraints, more positive perceptions of physically active women, more positive sense of community, better perceived health, and higher levels of physical activity. In a simultaneous multivariate model, more positive perceived health status (p = .001), higher physical activity level (p = .007), and lower social role constraint (p = .02) were independently associated with higher self-efficacy. Thus, physical activity interventions for African-American women should include strategies to decrease social role constraint and offer safe activities for women with health conditions hindering physical activity.
A new method for solving problems of sound radiation from a duct for the case of low Mach number

A method for rapidly solving duct end-plane impedance problems is presented which is based on deriving a form of the Helmholtz integral formula expressing the normal derivative of the acoustic pressure at a boundary point. A set of integral expressions is obtained by satisfying the existing boundary conditions and then solved using a general collocation method. The results obtained for the Levine-Schwinger (1948) problem agree well with the exact values. In the case of a duct flow having a temperature mismatch with the surroundings, the results show an increase in the magnitude of the reflection coefficient for the case of a cold core, and a decrease in its value for the case of a hot core, as compared with the case of exhaust into a uniform medium. A phase change of between pi/2 and pi is nearly always achieved, which indicates the tendency towards maintaining a constant pressure at the exit plane. The method can easily be extended to arbitrary duct shapes as long as they are axisymmetric.
The Nature of Interlayering in Mixed-Layer Illite-Montmorillonites

The nature of interstratification in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites has been investigated by comparison of diffraction patterns of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether treated samples with calculated one-dimensional diffraction profiles. The calculated profiles take into account the effects of particle size distribution, chemical composition, and convolution factors as well as proportions of layers and interstratification type. On the basis of detailed matching of diffraction patterns of monomineralic illite-montmorillonites of known chemical composition it is concluded that there are three types of interstratification: (1) random, (2) allevardite-like ordering, and (3) superlattice units consisting of three illite and one montmorillonite layers (IMII). By comparison of suites of calculated profiles with the diffraction patterns of many samples of illite-montmorillonites it is concluded that virtually all illite-montmorillonites with expandabilities from about 40 to 100 per cent are randomly interstratified (allevardite being exceptional); at >40 per cent montmorillonite layers they almost always have ordered interstratification. Allevardite-like ordering predominates in illitemontmorillonites which have ordered interstratification, with the IMII superlattice varieties confined to samples with about 10 per cent montmorillonite layers.
Changes in the natural history of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC)--comparison of outcomes and characteristics in patients with advanced NSCLC entered in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group trials before and after 1990.

BACKGROUND Demographic factors and treatment regimens were evaluated in relation to differences in outcome between patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who were diagnosed and treated on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Phase II and III trials from 1981 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2000. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, 6 advanced NSCLC trials were identified between 1981 and 1990, and 3 trials were identified after 1990. Patient characteristics (n = 3398 patients) and other clinical outcomes were analyzed, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Patients who entered on trials after 1990 more likely were women, received a cisplatin-containing regimen, had a performance status of 0 or 1, had Stage IIIB (vs. Stage IV) disease, had tumors with adenocarcinoma histology, had weight loss ≤10%, and had pulmonary-only metastases (although more total metastases and brain metastases) compared with patients who were diagnosed before 1990. OS was longer post-1990 than pre-1990 (8.2 months vs. 5.8 months pre-1990), and PFS was longer post-1990 (3.5 months vs. 2.6 months pre-1990; P<.001 for both). In addition, the median interval from the date of disease progression to death increased by nearly 62% in the later decade. CONCLUSIONS Improved survival in more recent NSCLC trials was explained in part by the enrollment of patients with more favorable prognostic factors. A change in the natural history of the disease was reflected by some of these changes, including increased numbers of women with the disease and changes in the patterns of metastases. Changes in eligibility criteria also accounted for some improvements in prognostic factors and improved second line therapies in the later decade. Thus, the survival improvements are likely to be multifactorial, with improved therapies also playing a major role. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
CT findings in a patient with bilateral metachronous carotidynia

Carotidynia is a self-limiting, idiopathic clinical syndrome characterized by acute unilateral neck pain and tenderness of the carotid artery. We describe a unique case of bilateral carotidynia that occurred metachronously, with each incident resolving without long-term sequelae. Knowledge of this entity is important to properly interpret the imaging findings and to not mistake this finding as an ill-defined tumor, thus avoiding unnecessary biopsy.
Intense Neutron Source Target Test Facility: A 200 kV, 200 mA dc, Deuterium Ion Accelerator

A 200 kV, 200 mA dc, deuterium ion accelerator has been constructed to evaluate high-temperature hydride materials such as scandium and erbium for use as targets in D-T neutron generators. The metal hydride film is deposited on a water-cooled, copper substrate designed to handle power densities of 40 MW/M2 while maintaining a surface temperature of ? 450°C. The goal of this program is to develop a target for a D-T neutron generator capable of producing 101 neutrons/s for use in cancer therapy. The accelerator employs a small duopigatron ion source which is capable of delivering a 200 mA deuterium ion beam that is composed of 60% atomic ions. The ion source is held at positive high voltage and a beam is formed with a single stage accel gap. An extractor electrode is biased negative about 2 kV to suppress secondary electrons and to define the point along the beam axis where the beam is space-charge neutralized by the trapped secondary electrons. The distance from the plasma expansion cup to the target is 0.6 m. Ion beam diameters at the target have been determined from measured infrared radiance profiles of the target due to beam heating. Data are presented on ion beam diameters for several operating conditions and accelerator geometries. D-D neutron output rates of 6 x 1010 neutrons/s have been measured with a 200 kV, 180 mA beam on erbium and a 180 kV, 160 mA beam on scandium.
The Nighttime Pedestrian Collision: Human Factors Issues and a Case Study

Injuries to pedestrians in collisions with motor vehicles are a significant problem in traffic safety, accounting for about 13% of fatalities, with more than half occurring at night. There are many variables that affect the visibility of pedestrians in darkness such as: the reflectance of their clothing, their position on the roadway, atmospheric conditions, road characteristics, street lighting, motor vehicle headlamps and their aim and alignment; other ambient lighting and background conditions, glare of headlamps of oncoming traffic and from street lamps, the driving environment and activities and performance of the driver. These issues are discussed, the techniques used to make a human factors analysis are described and some are illustrated by a case study of a night, pedestrian collision on a rural road.
"Suboptimal" kidney donors: The experience with tacrolimus-based immunosuppression

Female, pediatric, and older donors have been associated with inferior graft survival after renal transplantation. We analyzed these three subgroups in 397 patients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. There were no differences in recipient age, incidence of retransplantation, or percentage of sensitized patients. Female donors, compared with male donors, were associated with comparable 1- and 3-year patient survival rates (96% and 93% vs. 95% and 92%, respectively) and comparable 1- and 3-year graft survival rates (90% and 80% vs. 88% and 81%, respectively). Renal function was also similar. Recipients of pediatric en bloc kidneys, when compared with recipients of other cadaveric kidneys, also had comparable 1- and 3-year patient survival rates (94% and 94% vs. 95% and 91%, respectively) and comparable 1- and 3-year graft survival rates (84% and 84% vs. 89% and 79%, respectively). Renal function was better in recipients of en bloc kidneys, with a mean serum creatinine level of 1.4+/-1.8 mg/dl vs. 2.0+/-1.5 mg/dl (P=0.01). In contrast to the first two subgroups, donors over 60 years of age, when compared with donors under 60 years of age, were associated with worse 1- and 3-year patient survival rates (88% and 80% vs. 96% and 94%, respectively; P<0.03) and worse 1- and 3-year graft survival rates (74% and 62% vs. 91% and 83%, respectively; P<0.0001). Renal function was worse in the older donor group, with a serum creatinine level of 2.7+/-1.2 mg/ml vs. 1.9+/-1.5 mg/dl (P=0.01). We conclude that, under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, kidneys from female or very young pediatric donors are not associated with adverse outcomes, whereas kidneys from donors over 60 years of age are associated with inferior outcomes.
The Dilemmas of Democracy and Foreign Policy

In Democracy and Foreign Policy, Miroslav Nincic takes to task, in a laudable and highly analytic way, the political realist's view of the relationship between a democracy and the conduct of its foreign policy. A consequence of the perspective of realists is that most of their arguments lead to the view that the conduct of foreign affairs should be left solely to the experts with as little interference as possible from citizens and non-experts within government. A battery of plausible and contentious realist arguments is opened up to challenge by Nincic. A critical assessment and appraisal of Nincic's counterarguments is provided, indicating their virtues and some of their weaknesses. Some possible strengthenings of his case are also discussed, particularly from the standpoint of recent work in peace research.
Frequency of Decisions in Initial Pair Contests: Effects of Sex, Observer, and Feeding Stimulus

Abstract Information obtained from initial pair contests was not increased by concealing the observer behind one-way glass or by presenting feed to pairs of hungry birds.
Production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 does not require depletion of APOBEC3G from virus-producing cells.

Background The human immunodeficiency virus Vif protein overcomes the inhibitory activity of the APOBEC3G cytidine deaminase by prohibiting its packaging into virions. Inhibition of APOBEC3G encapsidation is paralleled by a reduction of its intracellular level presumably caused by the Vif-induced proteasome-dependent degradation of APOBEC3G.
Hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor-deficient mice mount a neutrophilic response to tuberculosis despite the timely expression of protective immunity

The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia is rising in industrialized and developing countries. We reported previously that host defense against Mtb was impaired by hypercholesterolemia in ApoE / mice, raising the possibility that people with HC could be more vulnerable to TB. The present study examined whether TB immunity was similarly impaired in a different hypercho
Greetings and salutations in a new age

An analysis of the salutations of seventy-five letters of application for an academic position at a large southwestern university showed that a majority of the writers (forty-seven as compared to twenty-eight) had become sensitive to the problems of beginning a letter to an unknown person or group with a masculine greeting. The twenty-eight applicants who used masculine greetings used only four different forms. But the forty-seven applicants who chose to use sex-neutral greetings had no well-established pattern to follow. Hence, they used nineteen different forms, which shows that the matter is currently in a state of experimentation. From an analysis of the candidates' supporting data, it was clear that the writers who used the sex-neutral greetings were the better qualified candidates. Females were more inclined than males to use sex-neutral greetings. And there was a correlation between the part of the country where a candidate lived and whether or not a sex-neutral greeting was chosen. (Sexism, diachronic linguistics, regional dialectology) Regardless of the negative comments made by such critics as John Simon about the feminist movement and its influence on the language, changes in everyday patterns of usage are occurring. One such area of change is the salutation on business letters. As shown through an analysis of the letters of application for a midlevel position as an educational researcher and teacher at a large southwestern university, a majority of educated writers have become sensitive to the problems of beginning a letter to an unknown person or group of persons with a greeting that makes it appear as if the letter is addressed exclusively to males. Last winter, a job announcement was distributed nationally and published in the Chronicle of Higher Education and the American Educational Research Journal. It listed the department personnel committee as the receiver of materials. A total of eighty letters of application came in. Five of the applicants addressed their letters to the department head by name and so these were excluded from analysis. Among the seventy-five other letters were twenty-eight applicants who used a traditional masculine-sounding greeting as shown below: 0047-4045/84/020245-03 $2.50 C? 1984 Cambridge University Press
Validation of telephone administration of 2 condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaires

Objective To validate telephone-administered versions of 2 condition-specific quality of life questionnaires: Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire. Study Design Between December 2005 and September 2006, 55 women were recruited at their 6-week postpartum visit at a university hospital. Written and telephone versions of the 2 questionnaires were completed, with a 2-week interval between each version. The order of administration was randomized. Results The scores of the written vs telephone versions of the questionnaires were not significantly different (PFDI: 9.8 vs 9.0 respectively; P = .36; PFIQ: 4.4 vs 3.7 respectively; P = .38). These scores were also highly correlated (PFDI, r=0.96 and PFIQ, r=0.90). Conclusion Telephone administration of these instruments is a reliable and accurate measure of the impact of pelvic floor disorders and may facilitate clinical and epidemiologic research by decreasing cost and improving access to research participants.
Active traffic analysis attacks and countermeasures

To explore mission-critical information, an adversary using active traffic analysis attacks injects probing traffic into the victim network and analyzes the status of underlying payload traffic. Active traffic analysis attacks are easy to deploy and hence become a serious threat to mission critical applications. This paper suggests statistical pattern recognition as a fundamental technology to evaluate effectiveness of active traffic analysis attacks and corresponding countermeasures. Our evaluation shows that sample entropy of ping packets' round trip time is an effective feature statistic to discover the payload traffic rate. We propose simple countermeasures that can significantly reduce the effectiveness of ping-based active traffic analysis attacks. Our experiments validate the effectiveness of this scheme, which can also be used in other scenarios.
A semiotic view of information: Semiotics as a foundation of LIS research in information behavior

Traditional information behavior studies in library and information science (LIS) research have focused on primarily two trends: one is to provide physical access to material objects and the other is to direct users to certain thoughts and ideas. Both focuses are two sides of the same problem that LIS researchers have worked to address: how to provide a better system or service to accommodate people’s need for information. Among the domains of users, material objects, and meaningful ideas, applying the concept of information as sign with semiotics not only joins these two trends in the analysis of the pragmatic-syntactic relationship and the pragmatic-semantic relationship, but it also gives an additional focus on the syntactic-semantic relationship. It is this additional focus that helps LIS professionals/researchers understand an individual’s states of knowing and ways of obtaining knowledge through physical and mental interactions with informative objects. The author conducts a review of information studies, the epistemological concerns and pragmatic traditions in LIS, and semiotics in an attempt to seek a holistic principle that will incorporate both the traditional trends of LIS research and provide an additional awareness in assisting users to make connections between material objects and ideas in information behavior studies. By applying a semiotic view of information and the concept of information as sign, LIS researchers of information behavior will find semiotics a useful epistemological framework.
TRANSFORMING RECURSIVE PROCESSES INTO EFFICIENT ALGORITHMS: CALL-GRAPH CACHING FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

There are a large number of highly complex, apparently disparate, Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms for planning and learning. These entail the (often tedious) construction of specialized data and control structures. In this article, we present Call-Graph Caching (CGC) as an organizing principle for many of these methods. CGC is the preservation of the trace of a computational process for subsequent reuse; CGC allows the operation of highly efficient, but unintuitive, AI algorithms to be recast as far simpler recursive processes. Thus, we shall describe simple recursive constructions that, together with CGC, provide new motivations and derivations of certain classical AI planning and learning algorithms.
Shifted balance of risk and cost after autotomy affects use of cover, escape, activity, and foraging in the keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua)

Autotomy of expendable body parts is often a successful last-chance antipredatory defense for a variety of invertebrates and vertebrates, especially lizards. However, loss of a body part imposes costs and risks, some of which may be reduced by modifying subsequent behavior. I studied effects of experimentally induced autotomy of the tail in the keeled earless lizard (Holbrookia propinqua) on use of cover, escape behavior, activity, and feeding. Autotomized lizards stayed closer to plant cover than sham-autotomized lizards (having intact tails) when approached by an investigator simulating a predator. Autotomized males, but not females, fled further than sham-autotomized lizards. Autotomy did not affect the distance from an approaching predator when the lizards began to flee. After autotomy, the number of days on which lizards were active differed between sexes and lizards made fewer attempts to catch prey per unit time than lizards with intact tails. Tail loss did not affect the percentage of time spent moving. Staying closer to refuge, fleeing further after autotomy, and decreasing surface activity may compensate for decreased maximum escape speed or agility, and may reflect use of a greater margin of safety when the tail is unavailable for autotomy. Decrease in surface activity may be comparable to use of safer microhabitats reported for other lizards and damselflies subsequent to autotomy. Several possible reasons for the lower rate of feeding attempts by autotomized lizards are discussed.
Curved shell elements based on hierarchicalp-approximation in the thickness direction for linear static analysis of laminated composites

This paper presents a new curved shell finite element formulation for linear static analysis of laminated composite plates and shells, where the displacement approximation in the direction of the shell thickness can be of an arbitrary polynomial order p, thereby permitting strains of at least (p - 1) order. This is accomplished by introducing additional nodal variables in the element displacement approximation corresponding to the Lagrange interpolating polynomials in the element thickness direction. The resulting element displacement approximation has an important hierarchical property i.e. the approximation functions and the generalized nodal variables corresponding to an approximation order p are a subset of those corresponding to an approximation order (p + 1). The element formulation ensures C0 continuity or smoothness of displacements across the interelement boundaries. The element properties (stiffness matrix and equivalent load vectors) are derived using the principle of virtual work and the hierarchical element approximation. The formulation is extended for generally orthotropic material behaviour where the material directions are not necessarily parallel to the global axes. Further extension of this formulation for laminated composites is accomplished by incorporating the material properties of each lamina by numerically integrating the element stiffness matrix for each lamina. The formulation has no restriction on either the number of laminas or the layup pattern of the laminas. Each lamina can be generally orthotropic, and the material directions and the lamina thicknesses may vary from point to point within each lamina. The geometry of the laminated shell element is described by the co-ordinates of the nodes lying on the middle surface of the element and the lamina thicknesses at each node. The formulation permits any desired order displacement or strain approximation in the shell thickness direction without remodelling. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and overall superiority of the present formulation. The results obtained from the present formulation are compared with those available in the literature as well as the analytical solutions.
Vignette and Exposure Calibration and Compensation

We discuss calibration and removal of “vignetting” (radial falloff) and exposure (gain) variations from sequences of images. Even when the response curve is known, spatially varying ambiguities prevent us from recovering the vignetting, exposure, and scene radiances uniquely. However, the vignetting and exposure variations can nonetheless be removed from the images without resolving these ambiguities or the previously known scale and gamma ambiguities. Applications include panoramic image mosaics, photometry for material reconstruction, image-based rendering, and preprocessing for correlation-based vision algorithms.
Adolescents of parents with chronic pain whose parents were 'shut off' report more hardship and feelings of distance than those with a more open relationship.

Commentary on: Umberger W, Martsolf D, Jacobson A, et al. The shroud: ways adolescents manage living with parental chronic pain. J Nurs Scholarsh 2013;45:344–54.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] It is estimated that nearly one-third of people over 18 years of age have experienced chronic pain lasting at least 6 months.1 When chronic pain affects adults who are parents, children, particularly adolescents, may experience adjustment problems including anxiety, depression and aggression towards others.2 Adolescence is a time of vast … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BNurs%2BScholarsh%26rft.volume%253D45%26rft.spage%253D344%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1111%252Fjnu.12037%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23701717%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1111/jnu.12037&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=23701717&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F18%2F1%2F13.atom
Spirituality and treatment of addictive disorders.

Spirituality is generally protective against the initiation of alcohol and drug use and progression to disordered use. In addition, mutual-help organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, were founded on spiritual principles, and reliance on a “higher power” is a central component of the 12 steps. Despite this, spirituality is not commonly addressed in formal treatment of addictions. The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of the role of spirituality in the development and recovery from addictive disorders for health care professionals.
Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change

In this paper, we challenge the traditional understanding of organizational routines as creating inertia in organizations. We adapt Latour's distinction between ostensive and performative to build a theory that explains why routines are a source of change as well as stability. The ostensive aspect of a routine embodies what we typically think of as the structure. The performative aspect embodies the specific actions, by specific people, at specific times and places, that bring the routine to life. We argue that the ostensive aspect enables people to guide, account for, and refer to specific performances of a routine, and the performative aspect creates, maintains, and modifies the ostensive aspect of the routine. We argue that the relationship between ostensive and performative aspects of routines creates an on-going opportunity for variation, selection, and retention of new practices and patterns of action within routines and allows routines to generate a wide range of outcomes, from apparent stability t...
Atomic Layer Deposition of SnO2 for Selective Room Temperature Low ppb Level O3 Sensing

This work demonstrates ultra-low power ozone sensors for real time, continuous, and portable monitoring. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of SnO2 enables precise control of ultrathin film thickness on the order of the Debye length to enhance sensitivity at room temperature. Correlation between ozone concentration and the rate of resistance change is used to maintain fast response times and ultraviolet (UV) illumination hastens recovery. ALD SnO2 ultrathin film sensors realize room temperature operation with highly selective detection of 50 ppb ozone with average power consumption of 150 μW making them well suited for real time, portable environmental monitoring systems. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 License (CC BY-NC-ND, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is not changed in any way and is properly cited. For permission for commercial reuse, please email: oa@electrochem.org. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0111510jss] All rights reserved.
Infinite-randomness quantum critical points induced by dissipation

We develop a strong-disorder renormalization group to study quantum phase transitions with continuous $O(N)$ symmetry order parameters under the influence of both quenched disorder and dissipation. For Ohmic dissipation, as realized in Hertz's theory of the itinerant antiferromagnetic transition or in the superconductor-metal transition in nanowires, we find the transition to be governed by an exotic infinite-randomness fixed point in the same universality class as the (dissipationless) random transverse-field Ising model. We determine the critical behavior and calculate key observables at the transition and in the associated quantum Griffiths phase. We also briefly discuss the cases of super-Ohmic and sub-Ohmic dissipations.
Serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral nervous systems of the interstitial acochlidean Asperspina sp. (Opisthobranchia).

Species of Acochlidea are common members of the marine interstitial environment and defined in part by their minuscule size and highly divergent morphology rel- ative to other benthic opisthobranchs. Despite these differ- ences, acochlideans such as species of Asperspina display many plesiomorphic characteristics, including an unfused condition of their neural ganglia. To gain insight into the distribution of specific neural subsets within acochlidean ganglia, a species of Asperspina was studied by using anti- serotonin immunohistochemistry and epifluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results reveal similar- ities between Asperspina and larger opisthobranchs in the general distribution of serotonergic perikarya in the central nervous system. Specifically, the arrangement of perikarya into regional clusters within the cerebral and pedal ganglia and the absence of immunoreactive perikarya in the pleural ganglia are similar to the model species of Aplysia califor- nica, Pleurobranchaea californica, and Tritonia diomedea. Moreover, serotonergic innervation of the rhinophores in all opisthobranchs, including Asperspina sp., originates from the cerebral ganglion instead of directly from the rhinopho- ral ganglion. Serotonergic innervation of the body wall, including the epithelium, muscles, and pedal sole, appears to arise exclusively from pedal and accessory ganglia. These observations indicate a general conservation of serotonin- like immunoreactivity in the central and peripheral nervous systems of acochlidean and other benthic opisthobranchs.
Stress, Dopamine, and Puberty

Development reaches a pinnacle during the onset of puberty for most brain regions. The neurotransmitter dopamine plays an important role in mediating and modulating stress responses within key brain regions. Age-related changes in the dopamine systems of the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens are involved in the maturation of acute and chronic stress responsiveness that is observed behaviorally. Exposure to chronic stressors before or during the onset of puberty during sensitive periods of dopamine development is likely to be involved in the rising prevalence of depression, anxiety, drug use, and schizophrenia that occurs in the transition between childhood and adolescence.
Nef Is Dispensable for Resistance of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macrophages to CD8+ T Cell Killing

UNLABELLED Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells kill SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells in an major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-dependent manner. However, they are reportedly less efficient at killing SIV-infected macrophages. Since the viral accessory protein Nef has been shown to downregulate MHC-I molecules and enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) evasion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected CD4(+) T cells, we examined whether Nef played a role in protecting SIV-infected macrophages from killing by SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells. To explore the role of Nef in CD8(+) T cell evasion, we compared the ability of freshly sorted SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells to readily suppress viral replication or eliminate CD4(+) T cells or monocyte-derived macrophages infected with SIV variants containing wild-type (WT) or mutated nef genes. As expected, SIV-specific CD8(+) T cells suppressed viral replication and eliminated the majority of SIV-infected CD4(+) T cells, and this killing was enhanced in CD4(+) T cells infected with the nef variants. However, macrophages infected with nef variants that disrupt MHC-I downregulation did not promote rapid killing by freshly isolated CD8(+) T cells. These results suggest that mechanisms other than Nef-mediated MHC-I downregulation govern the resistance of SIV-infected macrophages to CD8(+) T cell-mediated killing. This study has implications for viral persistence and suggests that macrophages may afford primate lentiviruses some degree of protection from immune surveillance. IMPORTANCE Myeloid cells are permissive for HIV/SIV replication in vitro and may contribute to viral persistence in vivo. While many studies have been geared to understanding how CD8(+) T cells control viral replication in CD4(+) T cells, the role of these cells in controlling viral replication in macrophages is less clear. Primary, unstimulated CD8(+) T cells insignificantly suppress viral replication or eliminate SIV-infected macrophages. Since the viral Nef protein downregulates MHC-I and provides infected cells some degree of protection from CD8(+) T cell-mediated effector functions, we evaluated whether Nef may be contributing to the resistance of macrophages to CD8(+) T cell suppression. Our results suggest that Nef is not involved in protecting infected macrophages from CD8(+) T cell killing and suggest that other mechanisms are involved in macrophage evasion from CD8 surveillance.
X-band magnicon amplifier experiment

Summary form only given. A prototype 50-MW, 11.4-GHz frequency-doubling magnicon amplifier tube driven by a /spl sim/480-kV, 210-A ultrahigh-convergence electron gun, was put into operation in July, 1999. RF conditioning of the magnicon circuit was carried out over the next several months of daily operation. Following /spl sim/3 months and /spl sim/2.5/spl times/10/sup 6/ pulses, the conditioning of the 5.7-GHz gain and penultimate cavities appeared to be completed. At that time, output powers as high as 5 MW were observed via calorimetry, and the operating frequency was measured using a heterodyne diagnostic. However, the maximum output power was limited by a problem with the drive-cavity input coupler, which limited the available drive power to /spl sim/15 W compared to the 75-150 MW required to drive the magnicon to saturation. The limited drive power required operating the magnicon in a magnetic field configuration that produced higher gain, but low output efficiency. As a result, the decision was made to bring the magnicon up to atmospheric pressure to repair the input coupler. The repair was carried out in late October, and conditioning resumed in early November. Shortly thereafter, the tube suffered an abrupt loss of vacuum due to the formation of a sub-millimeter-diameter hole through the back of the copper collector cone and into the collector water jacket, apparently due to cumulative damage resulting from ion focusing of the electron beam. This paper will describe the experimental progress prior to the collector failure, the cause of the failure, the redesign of the collector to prevent repetition of this occurrence, and the steps being taken to rehabilitate the gun, cavities, and waveguide components to prepare for the resumption of magnicon testing.
The Right Goal Missed

Evolution and creation have been put forward for many years however the criteria for natural selection and or creation have not been recognized Missing the criteria and the right goal mankind is in a wrong way
Paintability of Precoated Metals with Cathodic Electrocoat Primer

Au cours du depot electrolytique, il se produit des ruptures du metal pre-revetu, ce qui entraine des defauts qui diminuent la resistance a la corrosion. Resultats en laboratoire et sur le terrain decrivant les facteurs qui accroissent la frequence et la severite des ruptures
The Paradoxical Behavioral Effects of a Directional Goal on Risk Perceptions and Valuation Judgments

Individuals who evaluate business-related risks often have a preference or goal for the business to perform well. In this paper, we test how such a directional goal affects risk perceptions and the relation between risk perceptions and assessments of value in an investment context. Compared to investors without directional goals — who, consistent with prior behavioral research, focus on negative aspects of risk — we find that those with directional goals assess risk as being more symmetric (i.e., they are less focused on downside risk). However, investors with directional goals are also less likely to consider risk when assessing value. Taken together, these results suggest that a directional goal reduces one behavioral effect identified in prior literature (the tendency to focus on downside risk), but creates another behavioral effect (ignoring risk in assessing value).
Relating memory performance data to application domain data using an integration API

Understanding performance data, and more specifically memory access pattern is essential in optimizing scientific applications. Among the various factors affecting performance, such as the hardware architecture, the algorithms, or the system software stack, performance is also often related to the applications' physics. While there exists a number of techniques to collect relevant performance metrics, such as number of cache misses, traditional tools almost exclusively present this data relative to the code or as abstract tuples. This can obscure the data dependent nature of performance bottlenecks and make root-cause analysis difficult. Here we take advantage of the fact that a large class of applications are defined over some domain discretized by a mesh. By projecting the performance data directly onto these meshes, we enable developers to explore the performance data in the context of their application resulting in more intuitive visualizations. We introduce a lightweight, general interface to couple a performance visualization tool, MemAxes, to an external visualization tool, VisIt. This allows us to harness the advanced analytic capabilities of MemAxes to drive the exploration while exploiting the capabilities of VisIt to visualize both application and performance data in the application domain.
Physical dependence and sstained opiate-directed behavior in the rat. A preliminary report.

Albino rats were used in a factorial design to investigate the influence of length of training cycles, degree of physical dependence, and elimination of water access on the development of sustained opiate-directed behavior by the escape-training technic. No conclusion could be drawn as to the optimal cycle length. Complete removal of water during the training procedure proved inadvisable except on cycles shorter than 48 hours because of excessive mortality. However, it did serve to reduce the problem of rats which are “minimal drinkers” in the training process. Treatments calculated to produce different levels of physical dependence at the beginning of training were associated with different degrees of post-training morphine intake in a choice situation. Those animals expected to have higher levels of physical dependence showed greater and more sustained opiate-directed behavior. Non-dependent subjects showed very little response to the escape-training, significantly less than the lower of the two groups of dependent rats.
Smartphones in Fisheries

An outstanding recent article in Fisheries (Gutowsky et al. 2013) summarized information about fisheries professionals utilizing smartphones and digital tablets. The use of these devices by the pub...
Recombinant angiostatin prevents retinal neovascularization in a murine proliferative retinopathy model

Retinal neovascularization is central to the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness among the middle-aged population. Angiostatin, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen is one of the most promising inhibitors of angiogenesis currently in clinical trials. Here we show that recombinant angiostatin can inhibit retinal neovascularization in a mouse model of proliferative retinopathy. Because proliferative diabetic retinopathy is a recurrent disease, effective therapy will need to be sustained. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses permit long-term expression of transfected genes; however, they can only accommodate a small insert sequence. Thus, we engineered and tested a shortened recombinant angiostatin derivative containing a signal sequence to permit secretion. Recombinant protein was purified from the medium of transfected HEK293 cells and injected subcutaneously into treated animals. The retinal vasculature was analyzed in retinal flat mounts and using immunohistochemically stained sections. Both methods demonstrate that this short, secreted form of angiostatin is effective in reducing the development of blood vessels in a nontumor environment and has therapeutic potential for neovascular retinopathies such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion and, possibly, age-related macular degeneration.
Analgesic Efficacy of Firocoxib, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase 2, in a Mouse Model of Incisional Pain

Pain management in laboratory animals is generally accomplished by using opioids and NSAIDs. However, opioid use is hindered by controlled substance requirements and a relatively short duration of action. In this study, we compared the analgesic efficacy of firocoxib (a cyclooxygenase-2-selective NSAID) with that of buprenorphine in the mouse model of plantar incisional pain by objective measurement of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia using von Frey and Hargreaves equipment, respectively. Our experimental design included 5 treatment groups: firocoxib at 10 mg/kg IP every 24 h (F10 group); firocoxib at 20 mg/kg IP every 24 h (F20); buprenorphine at 0.2 mg/kg SC every 8 h; intraperitoneal normal saline every 24 h; and sham group (anesthesia, no incision) treated with firocoxib at 20 mg/kg IP every 24 h (sham+F20). All mice underwent nociceptive assays at 24 h before and 4, 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. Buprenorphine alleviated allodynia at all time points after incision. The F10 treatment alleviated allodynia at 4, 24, and 48 h, whereas F20 alleviated allodynia at 24, 48, and 72 h. None of the treatments alleviated thermal hyperalgesia at 4h. Except for F10 and buprenorphine at 24 h, all treatments alleviated thermal hyperalgesia at 24, 48, and 72 h. No significant differences were noted between the 2 doses of firocoxib and buprenorphine regarding mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia at all time points. In conclusion, the analgesic efficacy of firocoxib is comparable to that of buprenorphine in this mouse pain model.
Nutrition data collection in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Baseline nutrient intake of a randomized population.

Present-day trends observed in the MRFIT group at baseline seem to be toward dietary intakes lower in total fat, saturated fat, and dietary cholesterol and higher in polyunsaturated fat than those documented in earlier studies.