cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are critical periods critical for early childhood education?: The role of timing in early childhood pedagogy

Abstract Use of the term “critical period” as an argument justifying initiatives to expand early childhood programs has been challenged in recent years. In this article I review the research on critical periods and conclude that reliance on a critical periods argument is neither warranted nor necessary, since other fully justifiable arguments for early childhood initiatives exist. However, I reframe the question as one of timing of critical experiences necessary for healthy development of all children. I suggest that the importance of timing lies not within a set of age parameters but rather in the match between experiences provided, the child’s developmental status, and the child’s need or readiness to learn a particular skill or concept.
Mitigating end effects in the dynamic vehicle allocation model

A class of network models developed for optimizing the use of a fleet of vehicles can be viewed as time-staged optimization models. Such models which have linear objective functions suffer particularly from end effects, the distortions introduced by employing a finite planning horizon. This paper brings together the end effects literature and the vehicle allocation literature to find a finite linear programming problem that gives an approximation to the first stage optimal solution of the infinite model. In addition, we develop another method of approximation and show that both methods can be formulated as generalized networks. Numerical results are presented for each method for comparison.
Identification of chemosensory receptor genes in Manduca sexta and knockdown by RNA interference

Insects detect environmental chemicals via a large and rapidly evolving family of chemosensory receptor proteins. Although our understanding of the molecular genetic basis for Drosophila chemoreception has increased enormously in the last decade, similar understanding in other insects remains limited. The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, has long been an important model for insect chemosensation, particularly from ecological, behavioral, and physiological standpoints. It is also a major agricultural pest on solanaceous crops. However, little sequence information and lack of genetic tools has prevented molecular genetic analysis in this species. The ability to connect molecular genetic mechanisms, including potential lineage-specific changes in chemosensory genes, to ecologically relevant behaviors and specializations in M. sexta would be greatly beneficial. Here, we sequenced transcriptomes from adult and larval chemosensory tissues and identified chemosensory genes based on sequence homology. We also used dsRNA feeding as a method to induce RNA interference in larval chemosensory tissues. We report identification of new chemosensory receptor genes including 17 novel odorant receptors and one novel gustatory receptor. Further, we demonstrate that systemic RNA interference can be used in larval olfactory neurons to reduce expression of chemosensory receptor transcripts. Together, our results further the development of M. sexta as a model for functional analysis of insect chemosensation.
The role of perseveration in children's symbolic understanding and skill

In the first few years of life, children become increasingly sensitive to the significance of a variety of symbolic artifacts. An extensive body of research has explored very young children’s ability to use symbol-based information as a guide to current reality. In one common task, for example, children watch as a miniature toy is hidden in a scale model, and are then asked to retrieve a larger version of the toy from the corresponding place in the room itself. Two-and-a-half-year-old children perform very poorly in most versions of this task. Their most common error is to perseverate; that is, they search again at the location where the toy was last hidden. Two studies examined the degree to which 2 1 / 2 -year-olds’ high rate of perseveration and poor performance stem from problems with inhibitory control. Results showed that problems with inhibitory control contribute very little to 2 1 / 2 -year-old children’s difficulty with the task. Instead, the results confirm young children’s great difficulty appreciating and exploiting symbol‐referent relations.
Negative Ulnar Variance and Kienböck Disease

Purpose To test the primary null hypothesis that there is no difference in mean ulnar variance (UV) scaled to the length of the capitates between 166 wrists with Kienbock disease and an equal number of matched controls and to test the secondary null hypothesis that mean scaled UV does not vary based on age, sex, or race in both Kienbock and control wrists. Methods Ulnar variance was measured on posteroanterior radiographs of the wrist as the distance between a line through the midpoint between the volar and the dorsal edges of the ulnar margin of the radius and a line tangential to the most distal aspect of the carpal surface of the head of the ulna, both perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the radius. Measurement of UV was scaled to the length of the capitate, resulting in a UV to capitate height (UV:CH) ratio. Results We found a significant difference in mean UV:CH ratio between patients with Kienbock disease and a control group matched by age, sex, race, and limb. The prevalence of negative UV was high in both patients with Kienbock disease and matched controls. There were no differences in mean UV:CH ratio with respect to age, sex, or race among patients with Kienbock disease or matched controls. Conclusions The precise role of ulna minus in the development of Kienbock disease remains uncertain and unanswered, given that many patients with Kienbock disease have neutral or positive UV. In addition, a large proportion of the normal population has negative UV, whereas Kienbock disease is rare. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic III.
Nonlinear Systems Evolving with State Suprema as Multi-Mode Multi-Dimensional (M3D) Systems: Analysis & Observation

Abstract This paper considers the class of systems described by functional differential equations involving the sup-operator. This feature makes these systems infinite dimensional and nonlinear. We consider the general higher order case where the partial state, x(t), lies in R n . The state space for such systems is an infinite-dimensional Banach space equipped with the uniform convergence topology. We elucidate that such systems may be modeled as Multi-Mode Multi-Dimensional ( M 3 D) systems. The stability and observer design for such systems is studied, the first using Razumikhin's framework, the second using the new concept of sup based output injection. Simulation results are shown at the end which demonstrate the effectiveness, validity and usefulness of the proposed observer scheme.
Identification of autoantibodies to tumor-derived antigens as candidate biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005 4363 Identification of tumor-associated antigens that induce auto-antibodies may have utility as serum biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer. We have used a proteomic approach to identify proteins that commonly induce a humoral response in lung cancer. In this study, aliquots of solubilized proteins from the lung adenocarcinoma cell line NCI-H522 were subjected to 2-D PAGE, followed by Western blot analysis in which sera of individual subjects were tested for primary antibodies. Sera from 21 newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer, 14 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 21 healthy subjects were analyzed. Replicate analysis of the same sera yielded similar patterns of reactivity with individual protein spots. The integrated intensity measurements of reactive protein spots were computed following gel normalization using a set of reference protein spots. We applied a non-parametric test statistic that counts the number of cancer patients with values larger than the second largest value in the control group for statistical analysis of the data. Auto-antibodies against three proteins, identified by tandem mass spectrometry as 60S acidic ribosomal protein P0 (RPLP0), proteosome subunit beta 7 (PSMB7), and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) met our criteria and were each detected in sera from 8/21 (38.1%) patients with lung cancer (p=0.01). Fourteen of 21 (66.7%) lung cancer sera reacted with at least one of these three proteins. In-gel global phosphoprotein and glycoprotein staining patterns revealed that the antigenic form of RPLP0 was phosphorylated, but not glycosylated. The antigenic isoforms of PSMB7 and PGP9.5 were not phosphorylated or glycosylated. Analysis of mRNA expression in human lung adenocarcinoma revealed no expression differences of RPLP0 and PSMB7 in comparison of stage 1 and stage 3 tumors, as compared to normal lung. PGP9.5, on the other hand, was found to be 5-fold over-expressed in stage 1, and 10-fold over-expressed in stage 3 lung adenocarcinoma, as compared to normal lung. PGP9.5 was previously found to exhibit similar reactivity using A549 lung carcinoma lysates, whereas RPLP0 and PSMB7 represent novel antigens in lung adenocarcinoma. Our study identified novel proteins that induce auto-antibodies in lung cancer. The development of a panel of such antigens may have utility for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and may have utility for immunotherapy.
Chemotherapy for Advanced Ovarian Malignancy

Two years ago I had the honor and the privelege to present at this society the results of treating a hundred cases of ovarian carcinoma with Thiotepa. While there was a satisfactory effect in Stages Ic through III, the results were disappointing in Stage IV patients, and there were no survivors after twenty months.
CLINICAL DISORDERS OF IRON UTILIZATION.

Inadequate hemoglobin production, characteristically associated with iron-deficiency anemia, may also occur in a variety of clinical disorders which manifest defective iron utilization rather than ...
Commissioning of the 123 MeV injector for 12 GeV CEBAF

The upgrade of CEBAF to 12GeV included modifications to the injector portion of the accelerator. These changes included the doubling of the injection energy and relocation of the final transport elements to accommodate changes in the CEBAF recirculation arcs. This paper will describe the design changes and the modelling of the new 12GeV CEBAF injector. Stray magnetic fields have been a known issue for 6 GeV CEBAF injector, the results of modelling the new 12GeV injector and the resulting changes implemented to mitigate this issue are describe in this paper. The results of beam commissioning of the injector are also presented.
Urolithiasis in children following augmentation cystoplasty

AbstractUntil recently urolithiasis in children following augmentation cystoplasty was an infrequently noted problem. We examined our 10-year experience and found urinary calculi to form in 52% of children and young adults undergoing augmentation cystoplasty. Calculi formed at a median interval of 24.5 months after surgery, predominately in the lower tract. Urinary tract infection was a statistically significant risk factor, while the use of absorbable staples, intestinal mucus and hypocitraturia were also implicated. Calculus composition was primarily a mixture of apatite, struvite and ammonium urate. Bladder calculi were effectively managed endoscopically in the majority of cases without complication. Upper tract calculi presented an endourological challenge.
Voltage-dependent modulation of GABAA receptor channel desensitization in rat hippocampal neurons.

1. The mechanism of the time-dependent decline in gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)-induced chloride conductance, referred to as desensitization, was studied in dissociated rat hippocampal cell cultu...
Hemostatic Agents Used to Stop Bleeding

Hemostasis occurs through a complex process that involves numerous different blood clotting proteins. These blood clotting proteins interact in the initiation, amplification, and propagation phases of the coagulation cascade. Platelets also function to stop bleeding by creating platelet plugs at the site of injury. Furthermore, von Willebrand factor (VWF) binds to factor VIII, platelet surface glycoproteins, and connective tissue to assist in hemostasis. When the coagulation cascade is initiated, fibrinolysis will also occur simultaneously. Fibrinolysis is the physiological mechanism that dissolves clots and maintains vessel patency. Hemorrhage occurs when the clotting cascade is interrupted through a deficiency or malfunction in one or more of these clotting proteins or when there is a disorder of fibrinolysis. In addition, a qualitative or quantitative defect in platelets or VWF can also lead to a bleeding event. The etiology of bleeding events in patients may be multifaceted, and managing these bleeding patients can be complex and difficult at times. Treatment is generally aimed at replacing the missing or defective blood clotting protein or platelets. This chapter highlights various medications, both recombinant and human derived, that are utilized in the management of bleeding patients. Medication uses listed in this chapter are both based on manufacturer-approved indications and also on unlabeled indications, which have been reported in case reports, case series, and more rigorous studies.
A Marxist Pig Farmer in Kansas

John Sidney Lomax remains somewhat of an enigma to me. Although he was my grandfather and I spent my formative years investigating every square inch of his eighty-acre pig farm in Ottawa county Kansas, to fully understand the nuances of the man and to fully comprehend his political inclinations is now unattainable.
CSF ACTH Levels in Infantile Spasms

ACTH levels in CSF of 14 infants with massive infantile spasms were significantly lower than those of controls in a study from the University of Southern California and Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, CA.
When and Where Class Matters for Political Outcomes: Class and Politics in a Cross-National Perspective

Class conceptualization and measurement greatly influence the discovery of class effects in empirical models of political outcomes. As Wright (1997) and Sorensen (2000) demonstrate by providing convincing examples, different research questions imply different, equally legitimate definitions of class. We agree with the view that plurality and diversity of concepts of class is an essential part of discourse in social sciences, and there are no intellectual reasons to limit it. However, in each research instance, it is important to clarify the meaning of the concept of class and explain its main properties and relations with other concepts pertaining to structured social inequality. In this chapter, we discuss both universal class schemas (particularly useful for cross-national research) as well as time/space specific class schemas (particularly useful for country-focused research). Surveying contemporary literature, we set explicit criteria for assessing the relevance of class on political outcomes. The class literature is vast, ranging from studies of class as collective action to accounts of how class membership influences individual thoughts and actions. While we are mindful that group processes are relevant for class analysis, a full survey of the class and politics literature in its entirety is not feasible for a single book chapter. Thus, we deliberately focus on the influence of class membership on political attitudes and behaviors, with individuals as the units of analysis, leaving group processes, such as collective action, for the discussion section. Although in practice, the conceptualization and measurement differ from study to study, we opt for such a theoretical approach that proved to be particularly useful in detecting the
Measurement of powder bed density in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes

Many factors influence the performance of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, resulting in a high degree of variation in process outcomes. Therefore, quantifying these factors and their correlations to process outcomes are important challenges to overcome to enable widespread adoption of emerging AM technologies. In the powder bed fusion AM process, the density of the powder layers in the powder bed is a key influencing factor. This paper introduces a method to determine the powder bed density (PBD) during the powder bed fusion (PBF) process. A complete uncertainty analysis associated with the measurement method was also described. The resulting expanded measurement uncertainty, U PBD (k = 2), was determined as 0.004 g cm−3. It was shown that this expanded measurement uncertainty is about three orders of magnitude smaller than the typical powder bed density. This method enables establishing correlations between the changes in PBD and the direction of motion of the powder recoating arm.
Why Hedge Funds

Institutional investors are fleeing hedge funds, which provided neither the high returns nor the protection from downside risk that were promised to investors before the financial crisis. Diversified hedge fund strategies have a place in a well-diversified asset portfolio, but diversification is not enough to satisfy the fiduciary responsibilities of institutional investors. The problem is that operational due diligence is expensive—and without appropriate due diligence, hedge fund diversification can be dangerous.
Defining Physical Fitness

(1942). Defining Physical Fitness. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 18-51.
The Relationship Between Worry and Dimensions of Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Worry is a common feature across many anxiety disorders. It is important to understand how and when worry presents from childhood to adolescence to prevent long-term negative outcomes. However, most of the existing studies that examine the relationship between worry and anxiety disorders utilize adult samples. Aims: The present study aimed to assess the level of worry in children and adolescents and how relationships between worry and symptoms of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and social anxiety disorder (Soc) may present differently at different ages. Method: 127 children (age 8–12 years) and adolescents (age 13–18 years), diagnosed with any anxiety disorder, presenting at a child anxiety out-patient clinic, completed measures of worry, anxiety and depression. Results: Worry scores did not differ by age group. Soc symptoms were significantly correlated with worry in both age groups; however, SAD symptoms were only significantly correlated with worry in younger participants. After the inclusion of covariates, SAD symptoms but not Soc symptoms remained significant in the regression model with younger children, and Soc symptoms remained significant in the regression model with older children. Conclusions: The finding that worry was comparable in both groups lends support for worry as a stable construct associated with anxiety disorders throughout late childhood and early adolescence.
Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome following quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in the Vaccine Safety Datalink

Abstract Objective Describe the Vaccine Safety Datalink’s (VSD) Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) surveillance following quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV) from 2006 through 2015. Methods Among 4vHPV vaccinated persons aged 9–26, ICD-9 coded GBS was identified in VSD’s electronic data. Medical records were reviewed and adjudicated to confirm GBS. We calculated incidence rates of confirmed GBS within 1–42 days following 4vHPV with a one-sided 95% confidence interval. Results Following 2,773,185 4vHPV doses, we confirmed 1 case of GBS in a male and no cases among females. The incidence rate of medical record confirmed GBS within 42 days following 4vHPV vaccine was 0.36 cases per million 4vHPV doses administered (1-sided 95% CI 1.71), which was less than the background rate. Conclusion We found no evidence of an increased risk of GBS following 4vHPV. With an upper 95% confidence limit, we estimate that, if an increased risk exists, we would expect at most 1.08 additional cases of GBS per million people vaccinated with 4vHPV.
The Quality of Hospital Services: An Analysis of Geographic Variation and Intertemporal Change

In studying the operation of any nation’s health care system, it is useful to have an economic measure of the quality of care that is provided at different times and places. This paper discusses the conceptual problems of defining an aggregate quality index and develops the formulae required to make this operation. A price index for hospitals’ non-labor inputs is constructed, using weights based on the 1963 United States input-output study. The substantial and persistent variation in the overall price of inputs is then analyzed with a cross-section of time-series data. The same sample is then used to examine the intertemporal change and geographic variation in the quality of hospital services.
Electrochemical characterization of Fe-Ni-P alloy electrodeposition

In this study we have investigated the electrodeposition of amorphous iron–nickel–phosphorus alloys from a sulfate electrolyte. Fe-Ni alloys are known to exhibit an ’anomalous‘ type of plating behaviour in which deposition of the less noble metal is favoured. We have found that the codeposition of phosphorus from hypophosphite in the electrolyte led to a reversal to a ’normal‘ behaviour. This reversal was due both to the suppression of iron and enhancement of nickel partial currents. The overall deposition process is dominated by the hydrogen evolution reaction. This is exacerbated by the low pH needed to codeposit sufficient phosphorus to achieve an amorphous structure.
Cervical stabilization with polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct in horses: a proof of concept study.

Objective To evaluate safety and efficacy of a novel technique for cervical stabilization. Study design In vivo experimental. Animals Four normal adult quarterhorse crossbreed horses (2-4 years of age, > 250 kg). Methods One mid-cervical spinal unit (C3-C4) was distracted with a porous metal interbody fusion device (IFD) and stabilized with a polyaxial pedicle screw and rod construct. Neurologic examinations were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiographs of the fusion site and adjoining vertebrae were obtained preoperatively and monthly. Horses were euthanized at 8 months and spinal units were evaluated for osseointegration and implant safety via micro-computed tomography (CT), histology, and histomorphometry. Results The procedure was performed safely in all horses, without severe postoperative complications. Evaluation of radiographs revealed no implant failure, implant migration, or spinal unit instability in any of the horses. The presence of new bone formation around the screw and rod constructs was confirmed via micro-CT. No evidence of inflammation or iatrogenic damage was noted from histology. New bone was present within the IFD in all horses, with variable osseointegration on the cranial and caudal surfaces of the implant in 3 horses. Conclusion The novel technique reported in the present study was safely applied to stabilize the C3-C4 spinal unit in the horses tested here and led to variable osseointegration within 8 months. Clinical significance The results of this study justify evaluation of this technique in horses with a diagnosis of cervical vertebral compressive myelopathy.
Marketing Notes and Communications: Hit: Heuristic Ideation Technique—A Systematic Procedure for New Product Search:

The validity of some commonly used group approaches for generating new product ideas, such as brainstorming, has been questioned by researchers. This article presents a systematic approach for gene...
Reducing Unintentional Duplicate Orders using Passive Inline Just-in-Time Decision Support

ABSTRACT Background EHRs allow teams of clinicians to simultaneously care for patients but an unintended consequence could result in duplicate ordering of tests and medications. We implemented a simple reminder for busy teams of clinicians in our emergency department by placing a red highlight around the checkbox of a computer-based order if previously ordered. Methodology We performed an interrupted time series to analyze all patient visits 1 year before and 1 year after the intervention. Significance testing was performed using a negative binomial regression with Newey-West standard errors, correcting for patient level variables and environmental variables that might be associated with duplicate orders. The primary outcome measure was the number of unintentional duplicate orders. Results After the intervention, the number of duplicate orders for laboratory orders decreased with an incidence rate ratio 0.63 (0.53-0.74) and for radiology orders decreased with an incidence rate ratio of 0.61 (0.45-0.83). Conclusion Passive visual queues provide that provide just-in-time decision support are effective, not disruptive of workflow, and my decrease alert fatigue in busy clinical environments.
Woodlands, Warlords, and Wasteful Nations: Transnational Networks and Conservation Science in 1920s China

Author(s): Muscolino, Micah S | Abstract: AbstractThis article investigates the production of conservation science at nodes of transnational networks of encounter through an examination of field studies conducted during the mid-1920s in North China's Shanxi province by the American forester and soil conservation expert Walter C. Lowdermilk with his student, colleague, and collaborator Ren Chengtong. Even in the politically fragmented China of the 1920s, their research on deforestation, streamflow, and erosion benefited from alliances with Shanxi's regional powerholder, Yan Xishan, and produced environmental knowledge that furthered the agenda of harnessing natural resources to strengthen the state. By paying attention to two-way interactions between Chinese and foreign actors in the construction and transmission of knowledge about nature, the article speaks to the global context of the early twentieth-century conservation movement and adds to recent scholarship that recasts China's encounter with modern science as one of active appropriation, translation, and innovation rather than passive reception.
Creating a Meaningful Music Curriculum for Students With Disabilities

When teaching students with disabilities, it is important for music teachers to consider the functionality of the skills taught and learned beyond the music classroom. In special education, a curri...
Announcing the Journal of the Medical Library Association's data sharing policy.

As librarians are generally advocates of open access and data sharing, it is a bit surprising that peer-reviewed journals in the field of librarianship have been slow to adopt data sharing policies. Starting October 1, 2019, the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) is taking a step forward and implementing a firm data sharing policy to increase the rigor and reproducibility of published research, enable data reuse, and promote open science. This editorial explains the data sharing policy, describes how compliance with the policy will fit into the journal’s workflow, and provides further guidance for preparing for data sharing.
Dielectric, magnetic, and microwave absorption properties of polyoxometalate-based materials

Abstract The dielectric and microwave absorption properties are very important for many civil and military applications. In this study, we report the microwave absorbing properties of hexamolybdate (nBu4N)2[Mo6O19] clusters before and after a hydrogenation process. The pristine hexamolybdate cluster shows minimal microwave reflection loss (RL) due to its highly symmetric structure, while it displays unusually broad and high RL with a maximum RL value of −41.92 dB centering at 15.25 GHz after being subjected to a hydrogenation process, demonstrating promising prospects as a new microwave absorbing material.
Circular RNAs as diagnostic tool for renal transplant patients with acute rejection.

The kidney is a multifunctional organ that filters waste products from the blood in our body in the form of urine. In addition, kidneys also function to regulate blood pressure, balance electrolytes, and secrete erythropoietin to support erythrocyte (red blood cells) production. Severe loss of kidney function or kidney failure results in the accumulation of fluid and metabolic waste products—if left untreated, can lead to seizures, coma, or even death.
Gendered Race and Setting Matter: Sources of Complexity in the Relationships Between Reported Interpersonal Discrimination and Cardiovascular Health in the CARDIA Study

Using data from black and white adults enrolled in a community-based, multi-city cohort assembled in the mid-1980s, we examined whether reported experiences of interpersonal racial and gender discrimination differentially impacted on future cardiovascular health (CVH) depending on gendered race and the setting in which the interactions were reported to have occurred. Discrimination in eight possible settings was assessed using the Experiences of Discrimination scale at year 7; CVH two decades later was examined using a modified Life’s Simple 7 score, with higher scores indicating better health. Separate multivariable linear regressions evaluated the associations between reports of racial and gender discrimination and CVH score in each possible setting stratified by gendered race. Mean (SD) CVH scores at year 30 were 7.8(1.9), 8.1(1.8), 8.9(2. 0), and 8.8(1.8) among black women, black men, white women, and white men, respectively. For black women, reporting both racial and gender discrimination while receiving medical care was associated with lower CVH score. Among black men, reporting both forms of discrimination while getting a job, at work, at school, and receiving medical care was associated with lower CVH score. Among whites, reported discrimination while obtaining housing and by the police or courts (women), and in public and at work (men), was associated with a lower CVH score. The setting in which discrimination is reported may be an important indicator of whether discriminatory experiences are negatively associated with CVH, providing insight on distinct effect pathways among black and white women and men.
Spanish in the 2016 U.S. presidential election: Semiotic processes of political discourse

Abstract This study analyzes discourse in and about Spanish by presidential hopefuls and their prospective running mates leading up to the 2016 United States presidential election. I utilize Irvine and Gal’s (2000) framework of semiotic processes to reveal how Democratic and Republican politicians implement iconization, fractal recursivity, and erasure in order to appeal to their respective bases. Further, I demonstrate how discourse in and about Spanish may be considered marked to one party and unmarked to another. Analysis is based on a 70-item corpus consisting of broadcasted and printed media, as well as content promulgated over social media during this election cycle. In analyzing key discursive moments that focus on “language”, I address national ideologies as well as latinidad and its appropriation. As such, this study contributes to an understanding of the role of Spanish and the Latino electorate within the United States.
Resist: An Exploration of Student Activists’ Partnerships With Faculty and Student Affairs

Students with minoritized identities (SMI) are increasingly engaged on college campuses as activists and often feel unsupported by faculty and student affairs professionals (SAP). This phenomenolog...
Acute Kidney Injury Risk in Patients Treated with Vancomycin Combined with Meropenem or Cefepime.

Background: No previous studies have determined the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in trauma patients treated with vancomycin + meropenem (VM) versus vancomycin + cefepime (VC). The purpose...
Smart cattle health monitoring system using IoT sensors

Abstract For Smart Cattle Monitoring using IoT sensors, it is required to accurately predict the illness of cattle, well in advance and take the necessary actions. It is also necessary to ensure failure-free, stable and energy-efficient communications. Hence in this paper, a SmartCattle Health Monitoring System with reliable communications using IoT sensors is designed.To accurately predict the illness of cattle well in advance,a fuzzy based health monitoring module is proposed.To ensure reliable data transmission module between the gateway and collar attached on the cattle, an antenna diversity scheme and Reliable Intra and Inter Gateway Routing Protocol (RIIGRP) are designed. The proposed architecture is simulated usingNS2 and implemented in Arduino sensor environment. From the experimental results, it is shown that the proposed system achieves 4% higher packet delivery ratio, 14% lesser delay and 12% higher residual energy than the existing systems.
The prevalence of aberrations in body composition in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients and relationships with pulmonary function, bone mineral density, and hospitalizations

Abstract Background Body mass index (BMI) correlates with clinical outcomes in cystic fibrosis but has limitations. Body composition aberrations in CF are multifactorial. We sought to evaluate body composition and relationships with pulmonary function, bone health, and hospital admissions. Other aims included defining body composition indices in a cohort of children with CF. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of patients with CF, age 8-18 years, seen at Nationwide Children's Hospital (2015-2020). Indices of body composition measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry(DXA) scans. Data included fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), bone mineral density (BMD), and hospital admissions. NWA was defined as BMI 5th-85th percentile, body fat percentage >85th percentile. FFMD defined as FFMI Statistics T-tests compared NWA, FFMD and clinical measurements. Pearson correlations analyzed fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass index (FMI), BMI and clinical measurements. Results This study included 114 patients. Mean age 12 years, 72 female. A high prevalence of FFMD existed (n=66, 38.6%). FMI and FFMI correlated with FEV1% (r: 0.23, p:0.01, r: 0.36, p Conclusion This cohort of children with CF had a high prevalence of FFMD and low prevalence of NWA. FFMD was associated with worsened clinical measurements. Patients with FFMD need additional exercise or nutritional intervention. Heterogeneity of body composition definitions creates need for more research.
A Quantitative Comparison Study on Patient Perceptions of Their Nurses and Physicians’ Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Care Practices

This study explored patients’ perceptions of nurses and physicians’ emotional intelligence (EI) and their patient quality of care practices. By understanding EI and the role it plays in nurses and physicians interactions with patients, specialized training, and other initiatives can be developed to help improve the quality of patient care provided. This was a quantitative comparison study and used a survey questionnaires developed from the TEIQUE-SF and HCAHPS surveys to gage patients’ perceptions. The instrument used to analyze patient perceptions consisted of five patient descriptive categories. Of the five descriptive categories presented, only three were used. These three patient characteristic categories were used to determine if patients viewed their nurses and doctors’ EI differently. The study found patients saw their physicians as being more emotionally intelligent than their nurses. The group with the greatest variance when answering the survey was the 75 and older group. This group rated their nurses at a 3.05, but perceived their physicians to have a 3.23 EI rating. Patients in the 45 to 54 and 65 to 74 groups perceived their nurses to be more emotionally intelligent. Even though participants perceived their physicians as being more emotionally intelligent than their nurses, no significant difference existed between nurses and physicians’ EI when all groups were tested using a .05 level of significance.
HIV testing in patients who are HCV positive: Compliance with CDC guidelines in a large healthcare system.

BACKGROUND There are approximately 300,000 people in the United States who are co-infected with HIV and HCV. Several organizations recommend that individuals who are HCV infected, as well as persons over the age of 13, should be HIV tested. Comorbidities associated with HCV can be reduced with early identification of HIV. Our objective was to determine whether providers routinely followed HIV testing guidelines for patients who tested HCV positive (HCV+). METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of all patients in primary care at an academic health system from 7/2015-3/2017 who tested HCV+. As part of a primary database, HCV testing data was collected; HIV testing data was abstracted manually. We collected and described the intervals between HCV and HIV tests. To determine associations with HIV testing univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS We identified 445 patients who tested HCV+: 56.6% were tested for HIV, the mean age was 57 ± 10.9 years, 77% were from the Birth Cohort born 1945-1965 (BC); 61% were male; and 51% were Black/AA. Patients in the BC were more likely to be HIV tested if they were: male (p = 0.019), Black/AA (p<0.001), and had Medicaid (p = 0.005). These differences were not found in the non-BC. Six patients who were tested for both HIV and HCV were found to be newly HIV positive at the time of testing. CONCLUSION As demonstrated, providers did not routinely follow CDC recommendations as almost half of the HCV+ patients were not correctly tested for HIV. It is important to emphasize that six persons were tested HIV positive simultaneously with their HCV+ diagnosis. If providers did not follow the CDC guidelines, then these patients may not have been identified. Improvements in EHR clinical decision support tools and provider education can help improve the HIV testing rate among individuals who are HCV+.
Seeking Illumination: The Path to Chemiluminescent 1,2-Dioxetanes for Quantitative Measurements and In Vivo Imaging.

ConspectusChemiluminescence is a fascinating phenomenon that evolved in nature and has been harnessed by chemists in diverse ways to improve life. This Account tells the story of our research group's efforts to formulate and manifest spiroadamantane 1,2-dioxetanes with triggerable chemiluminescence for imaging and monitoring important reactive analytes in living cells, animals, and human clinical samples. Analytes like reactive sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as pH and hypoxia can be indicators of cellular function or dysfunction and are often implicated in the causes and effects of disease. We begin with a foundation in binding-based and activity-based fluorescence imaging that has provided transformative tools for understanding biological systems. The intense light sources required for fluorescence excitation, however, introduce autofluorescence and light scattering that reduces sensitivity and complicates in vivo imaging. Our work and the work of our collaborators were the first to demonstrate that spiroadamantane 1,2-dioxetanes had sufficient brightness and biological compatibility for in vivo imaging of enzyme activity and reactive analytes like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) inside of living mice. This launched an era of renewed interest in 1,2-dioxetanes that has resulted in a plethora of new chemiluminescence imaging agents developed by groups around the world. Our own research group focused its efforts on reactive sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen species, pH, and hypoxia, resulting in a large family of bright chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes validated for cell monitoring and in vivo imaging. These chemiluminescent probes feature low background and high sensitivity that have been proven quite useful for studying signaling, for example, the generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in cellular models of immune function and phagocytosis. This high sensitivity has also enabled real-time quantitative reporting of oxygen-dependent enzyme activity and hypoxia in living cells and tumor xenograft models. We reported some of the first ratiometric chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetane systems for imaging pH and have introduced a powerful kinetics-based approach for quantification of reactive species like azanone (nitroxyl, HNO) and enzyme activity in living cells. These tools have been applied to untangle complex signaling pathways of peroxynitrite production in radiation therapy and as substrates in a split esterase system to provide an enzyme/substrate pair to rival luciferase/luciferin. Furthermore, we have pushed chemiluminescence toward commercialization and clinical translation by demonstrating the ability to monitor airway hydrogen peroxide in the exhaled breath of asthma patients using transiently produced chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanedione intermediates. This body of work shows the powerful possibilities that can emerge when working at the interface of light and chemistry, and we hope that it will inspire future scientists to seek out ever brighter and more illuminating ideas.
Assessment of Ventricular Repolarization From Body-Surface ECGs in Humans

In 1887, the first recording of electrical activity of the human heart was done using Waller’s capillary meter. The recorded signal included four waves called A, B, C, and D. Einthoven mathematically modified this signal to correct the inertia associated with the movement of the mercury column in the capillary electrometer. To avoid confusion with Waller’s recording, Einthoven named the five identified deflections P, Q, R, S, and T having used the O point as the origin of the time scale (by mathematical convention O is used for the origin of the Cartesian coordinates). The interval QT was defined as the interval between the beginning of the QRS complex and the end of the T wave. The ventricular repolarization process of the heart begins in the early-activated myocardial cells while the rest of the ventricle is still depolarizing. This is why the entire duration of the ventricular repolarization is commonly associated with a measure including the QRS complex. It is also during the late 19th century that new discovery, including the electrical triggering of contraction during late refractory period, would open an entire field of quantitative electrocardiology focusing on a better understanding of the cardiac repolarization.
Learning from the Recent Interpretation of INA Section 245(a): Factors to Consider when Interpreting Immigration Law

Recently, the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services ("USCIS") adopted a policy that may seem insignificant, but will actually have a great impact on the lives of many battered immigrants. On April 11, 2008, USCIS issued a memorandum declaring: "Effective immediately, USCIS interprets the introductory text in section 245(a) of the [Immigration and Nationality] Act as effectively waiving inadmissibility under section 212(a)(6)(A)(i) of the Act for any alien who is the beneficiary of an approved VAWA self-petition."'I This change in policy enables battered immigrants to apply for adjustment of status under section 245(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act ("INA")2 even if they entered the country unlawfully.3
Optimal Control for Discrete-Event Systems using Simulated Annealing

We propose a formulation and computational algorithm for the design of feedback controls for Discrete-Event Dynamical Systems (DEDS). Models for the process and controller are expressed using timed and untimed Petri nets, respectively. Performance specifications are given in terms Of forbidden states. Numerical solution for an optimal feedback controller is found by simulated annealing. These procedures are demonstrated for a literature benchmark problem, and for supervisory control of a pipeless batch plant.
A concept ideation framework for medical device design

Display Omitted Multiple domain ontologies were modified to create a medical device design tool.Ontology properties were used to enrich existing knowledge for effective reuse.The framework is able to identify similar concepts from across multiple domains.The framework shows promise as a medical device concept ideation tool. Medical device design is a challenging process, often requiring collaboration between medical and engineering domain experts. This collaboration can be best institutionalized through systematic knowledge transfer between the two domains coupled with effective knowledge management throughout the design innovation process. Toward this goal, we present the development of a semantic framework for medical device design that unifies a large medical ontology with detailed engineering functional models along with the repository of design innovation information contained in the US Patent Database. As part of our development, existing medical, engineering, and patent document ontologies were modified and interlinked to create a comprehensive medical device innovation and design tool with appropriate properties and semantic relations to facilitate knowledge capture, enrich existing knowledge, and enable effective knowledge reuse for different scenarios. The result is a Concept Ideation Framework for Medical Device Design (CIFMeDD). Key features of the resulting framework include function-based searching and automated inter-domain reasoning to uniquely enable identification of functionally similar procedures, tools, and inventions from multiple domains based on simple semantic searches. The significance and usefulness of the resulting framework for aiding in conceptual design and innovation in the medical realm are explored via two case studies examining medical device design problems.
Whither goes the “maps” course? Maintaining map-use concepts, skills, and appreciation in GIS&T curricula

Popular and professional interest in maps and map-making has never been greater. Despite this engagement, introductory skills courses in “map use” have largely disappeared in undergraduate geograph...
Emergent or Just Complex

The concept of emergence in the physical and biological sciences is an elusive one. The term refers to phenomena in which the complexity of structures or behaviors in systems with many interacting components exceeds that predicted from knowledge of the individual components and the forces between them. A recent conference ( 1 ) provided an opportunity to probe the notion of emergence from a wide range of viewpoints, loosely linked by the themes of increasing complexity and molecular organization. The scope of the conference is exemplified by S. Rasmussen's characterization of hydrogen as “a colorless, odorless gas, which, given enough time, turns into people.” Perhaps the prototypical emergent phenomenon is the origin of entities that can plausibly be called alive ( 2 ). How does one get from atoms to simple molecules to systems that can grow, reproduce, metabolize, move, and adapt?
Ep-CAM LEVELS IN PROSTATIC ADENOCARCINOMA AND PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA

ABSTRACTPurpose: The monoclonal antibody (mAb) 323/A3, a second generation high affinity antibody of the 17-1A antibody family, recognizes a 40 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein that has been referred to as Ep-CAM, 17-1A recognized antigen, or EGP40. While Ep-CAM is expressed on the basolateral surface of a variety of epithelia, the strongest expression is frequently detected among several types of carcinoma. In this regard, Ep-CAM may be useful in therapy, in diagnosis, and/or in prognosis. We examined the distribution of Ep-CAM in normal, dysplastic, and malignant prostatic epithelium.Materials and Methods: Paraffin sections of prostate tissue from 76 patients with clinically localized (pT2) prostatic adenocarcinoma were immunostained with mouse mAb 323/A3 using the avidin-biotin horseradish peroxidase method.Results: Within benign prostatic epithelium, immunoreactivity typically was low and frequently was restricted to the luminal cells. In contrast, moderate to strong immunostaining was detected frequent...