cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast: Natural History, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Phyllodes tumors of the breast are unusual fibroepithelial tumors that exhibit a wide range of clinical behavior. These tumors are categorized as benign, borderline, or malignant based on a combination of histologic features. The prognosis of phyllodes tumors is favorable, with local recurrence occurring in approximately 15% of patients overall and distant recurrence in approximately 5% to 10% overall. Wide excision with a greater than 1 cm margin is definitive primary therapy. Adjuvant systemic therapy is of no proven value. Patients with locally recurrent disease should undergo wide excision of the recurrence with or without subsequent radiotherapy.
Adipokinins in pregnancies at risk of preterm delivery

AbstractObjective: To compare adipokinins between women experiencing preterm labor (PTL) and prior preterm deliveries (PTD).Study design: In this prospective observational cohort, 110 women with a singleton <35 weeks at increased risk of PTD were studied. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were obtained at three times (23–34 weeks, 35–36 weeks, at delivery) and analyzed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The adipokinins were compared across time and between PTL (n = 59) and prior PTD (n = 51) groups using generalized estimated equation models.Results: There were no differences in leptin, adiponectin, or resistin levels over the three times between the PTL and PTD groups. There was a trend toward higher leptin levels (p = 0.06 unadjusted analysis, p = 0.09 adjusted analysis) at 23–34 weeks. When stratified by body mass index (BMI), there were differences in leptin (p < 0.001 for BMI < 30; p = 0.77 for BMI ≥ 30) and adiponectin (p = 0.04 for BMI < 30; p = 0.09 for BMI ≥ 30), but not in resistin ove...
Why FATCA Intergovermental Agreements Bind the U.S. Government

Bilateral intergovernmental agreements (IGAs) relating to the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) and entered into by the U.S. government reduce the reach of FATCA's withholding tax regime, including the reach of that regime as applied to non-U.S. taxpayers. The validity of these IGAs has been questioned. Yet IGAs have a strong case for binding status as valid congressional-executive agreements or treaty-based agreements. In addition, regardless of IGAs’ status as international agreements, they should bind the U.S. government as valid administrative guidance.
Feasibility investigation of the shear repair of timber stringers with horizontal splits

Abstract Typical timber stringers were taken from service and examined to identify horizontal split damage. Several methods for rapidly repairing the horizontal splits in the timber stringers were employed, including fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates attached to the vertical sides of the stringers with lag screws. Six stringers with horizontal splits were repaired with approximately 62% increase of the residual load capacity. It was proven that the methods examined in this study are feasible to repair timber stringers with horizontal splits.
Team assignments and scheduling for the NCAA basketball tournament

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) organizes a men's basketball tournament every March to determine the national champion for the current season. In organizing the tournament, the emphasis is typically on selection of the most deserving teams to participate and providing a fair, equitable environment in which to play that result in a true, undisputed champion for the season. However, there are growing concerns of dwindling actual attendance at tournament games and increasing financial burden on the NCAA related to reimbursable team travel expenses. In this paper, we describe the development of an integer program designed to optimize team assignments in the sense of minimizing the distance travelled by teams to game sites and the corresponding travel costs. The goal is to increase tournament accessibility to fans as well as lessen the financial impact to the NCAA while maintaining the integrity of the tournament. We test our model against actual tournament assignments from the past 5 years. Results show consistent and significant cost savings and reductions in distance travelled without compromising the fairness and structure of the tournament. Overall, we demonstrate the usefulness of the model in both operational and strategic business decisions.
Induced innovation and path dependence: A reassessment with respect to agricultural development and the environment

Abstract The study reviews two models of technical change—induced innovation and path-dependent models of technical change. The study argues that the two models are complementary rather than alternative explanations of the forces that influence the direction of technical change. Although path-dependent properties can give rise to surprising consistency and duration in the direction of technological change, historical development of a technology seldom proceeds indefinitely along an initially selected process array. As technical progress slows down, a shift in relative factor prices can induce an intensified search for technologies along a new direction that is more consistent with contemporary factor prices. This explains why technological inertia can be overcome to induce a path of technological development and infrastructure investments consistent with the rising value of environmental resources.
A library instruction case study: measuring success from multiple perspectives

Abstract Measuring the effectiveness of library instruction poses many challenges, yet is essential to validating the time and energy dedicated to it. Over two years, how subject specific library instruction addressed the needs of the students, the instructor and the librarians was studied. Students were surveyed; librarians analyzed their research paper bibliographies and interviewed the instructor. Using the concept of success provided a meaningful way to assess effectiveness. The study found that instructor and student indicators of success were well met while the librarian's success was less clear. Doing this study confirmed the belief that the one-shot workshop is only part of a holistic and continuous library instruction program.
6-Thioguanine Resistant Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Humans Following Psoralen, Long-Wave Ultraviolet Light (PUVA) Therapy

A recently described method that enumerates variant 6-thioguanine resistant peripheral blood lymphocytes present in vivo in man as a potential marker of somatic cell mutations occurring in vivo was used to study 18 psoriatic patients receiving PUVA therapy, 16 conventinally treated psoriatic patients, 10 vitiligo patients receiving PUVA therapy and 7 untreated individuals with vitiligo. Variant lymphocyte frequencies determined for these individuals were compared with those determined for groups of 10 concurrent and 63 cumulative healthy control individuals. Variant frequencies were elevated in psoriatic and vitiligo patients receiving PUVA therapy and in conventionally-treated psoriatic patients. They were not elevated over control values in untreated vitiligo patients.
Clustering in polar media

Clustering prevails in water-soluble polymers and biological macromolecules. It has also been observed in polar solvent mixtures. The possible causes of clustering are discussed. A systematic investigation of clustering in poly(ethylene oxide)/d-water solutions has been undertaken using the small-angle neutron scattering method. The poly(ethylene oxide) monomer is formed of an oxygen atom and an ethylene group. Using the random phase approximation, partial Flory–Huggins interaction parameters for the three pairs (oxygen/d-water, ethylene/d-water, and oxygen/ethylene) are derived. Results show that the first two (oxygen/d-water and ethylene/d-water) are characterized by a lower critical solution temperature phase behavior (whereby phase separation occurs upon heating), while the third one (oxygen/ethylene) is characterized by an upper critical solution temperature phase diagram (whereby phase separation occurs upon cooling). It is argued that clustering is caused by the increasing repulsive interaction between oxygen and ethylene for decreasing temperature and increasing polymer volume fraction. This leads to increasing attractive interactions between ethylene groups that stick together.
On the Value of a Vygotskian Framework for SLA Theory and Research.

This paper argues that Vygotskian psycholinguistics is not only compatible with current second language acquisition theory but also extremely useful as a productive paradigm within which to conduct research and theory building. These claims are supported through three sections of the paper: (a) a brief overview of Vygotskian concepts of particular relevance to SLA, (b) a summary of selected Vygotskybased SLA research, and (c) a discussion of areas of research in which a Vygotskian framework appears particularly promising.
Resource control, revenue allocation and petroleum politics in Nigeria: the Niger Delta question

The Niger Delta question represents one of the most intractable sources of political destabilization, constitutes a profound threat to national security, and economic development of the Nigerian state. Therefore, the study of the intricate dynamics among multinational oil corporations, the Nigerian State, and insurgent militias illuminates the root causes, societal schisms and the political economy of resource induced conflicts in Africa’s major oil producing nation state. This case study illustrates and explicates the “paradox of plenty”, the “resource curse”, the “shadow state syndrome”, and the debilitating effects of petroleum politics in Nigeria. Economic exploitation of the region’s vast crude oil reserves by multinationals and government authorities is juxtaposed with the specter of environmental devastation, excruciating poverty, and recurrent rule of impunity. National elite contestations concerning the legalities of resource control, internecine squabbles over revenue allocation formulas and derivation principles have been compounded by incessant disruptions of crude oil pipelines, necessitating drastic reduction in the country’s petroleum output and revenues derived from the global economy. Due to the multi-layered dimensions of the effects of crude oil, guns, profits, and geo-territorial instability, the protracted problems of the Niger Delta thus, provides us with pertinent analytical and contextual frameworks for the study of the dynamics, volatility and transparency issues in global extractive industries. In the muddled rivers and creeks of the Niger Delta, characterized by regional destabilization, there has emerged a clandestine economy of protection syndicates, marked exponential increase in kidnappings and targeting of expatriate workers, as well as state sponsored military reprisals against self-styled insurgents, warlords, and militia movements.
Quantitative determination of low density lipoprotein oxidation by FTIR and chemometric analysis.

This study was conducted to develop a quantitative FTIR spectroscopy method to measure LDL lipid oxidation products and determine the effect of oxidation on LDL lipid and protein. In vitro LDL oxidation at 37°C for 1 h produced a range of conjugated diene (CD) (0.14–0.26 mM/mg protein) and carbonyl contents (0.9–3.8 μg/g protein) that were used to produce calibration sets. Spectra were collected from the calibration set and partial least squares regression was used to develop calibration models from spectral regions 4000-650, 3750-3000, 1720-1500, and 1180-935 cm−1 to predict CD and carbonyl contents. The optimal models were selected based on their standard error of prediction (SEP), and the selected models were performance-tested with an additional set of LDL spectra. The best models for CD prediction were derived from spectral regions 4000-650 and 1180-935 cm−1 with the lowest SEP of 0.013 and 0.013 mM/mg protein, respectively. The peaks at 1745 (cholesterol and TAG ester C=O stretch), 1710 (carbonyl C-O stretch), and 1621 cm−1 (peptide C=O stretch) positively correlated with LDL oxidation. FTIR and chemometrics revealed protein conformation changes during LDL oxidation and provided a simple technique that has potential for rapidly observing structural changes in human LDL during oxidation and for measuring primary and secondary oxidation products.
Evolving epidemiology of drug-induced seizures reported to a poison control center system

Introduction We sought to determine whether or not the causes and consequences of drug-induced seizures have changed in the last decade.
THE UPGRADING OF SOLVENT REFINED COALS AND LIGNITES: DETERMINATION OF AN EFFECTIVE HETEROGENOUS CATALYST CARRIER

The hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulfurization and hydrocracking of solvent refined coals and lignites was accomplished with catalysts comprising high surface area, large pore diameter bases impregnated with MoO3,CoOand WO3. The most effective catalysts were those which performed well in hydrodenitrogenating nitrocellulose. This indicates that most of the pore diameter is consistently large enough to accommodate molecules of the size of liquified coal and lignite.
Two classes of single-stranded regions evident in deproteinized preparations of replicating DNA isolated from mammalian cells

In DNA isolated from proliferating human lymphoblastoid CCRF-CEM cells which had been pulse-labeled by exposure to [3H]thymidine for periods from 30 s to 10 min, single-stranded regions were analyzed by caffeine-gradient elution from benzoylated DEAE-cellulose. Two classes of structural defect were evident. Some replicating DNA exhibited single-stranded regions of approximately 200 nucleotides, while most newly incorporated radioactivity was associated with DNA containing single-stranded regions from 900 to approximately 4000 nucleotides. The distribution of thymidine-derived radioactivity did not suggest sequential or preferential labeling of these DNA fractions as the incorporation time was varied. The findings may be correlated with recent proposals regarding the structural basis of eukaryotic DNA replication.
Attentional deficits in concussion.

Primary objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine deficits in the alerting, orienting and executive components of attention in individuals who have recently suffered a concussion.Research design: A group design was used in which the performance by individuals with concussion was compared to control subjects matched for age, height, weight and activity level.Methods and procedures: Participants completed the Attentional Network Test (ANT) that breaks down attention into alerting, orienting and executive components. Reaction time and response accuracy were the dependent variables.Main outcomes and results: It was found that only the orienting and executive components of attention were affected by concussion, whereas the alerting component was normal. Furthermore, participants with concussion required a significantly longer time than controls to initiate correct responses.Conclusions: These results suggest that the orienting and executive components of attention are most susceptible to the e...
Some basic theoretical concepts about international law: a policy-oriented framework of inquiry

ion. The overriding goals of human dignity are not subject to change, but the specific choices most compatible with overriding goals may change from particular 843 This content downloaded from 207.46.13.129 on Mon, 18 Apr 2016 09:00:49 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Binding of C5 Protein to P RNA Enhances the Rate Constant for Catalysis for P RNA Processing of Pre-tRNAs Lacking a Consensus G(+ 1)/C(+ 72) Pair

The RNA subunit of the ribonucleoprotein enzyme ribonuclease P (RNase P (P RNA) contains the active site, but binding of Escherichia coli RNase P protein (C5) to P RNA increases the rate constant for catalysis for certain pre-tRNA substrates up to 1000-fold. Structure-swapping experiments between a substrate that is cleaved slowly by P RNA alone (pre-tRNAf-met605) and one that is cleaved quickly (pre-tRNAmet608) pinpoint the characteristic C(+ 1)/A(+ 72) base pair of initiator tRNAf-met as the sole determinant of slow RNA-alone catalysis. Unlike other substrate modifications that slow RNA-alone catalysis, the presence of a C(+ 1)/A(+ 72) base pair reduces the rate constant for processing at both correct and miscleavage sites, indicating an indirect but nonetheless important role in catalysis. Analysis of the Mg2+ dependence of apparent catalytic rate constants for pre-tRNAmet608 and a pre-tRNAmet608 (+ 1)C/(+ 72)A mutant provides evidence that C5 promotes rate enhancement primarily by compensating for the decrease in the affinity of metal ions important for catalysis engendered by the presence of the CA pair. Together, these results support and extend current models for RNase P substrate recognition in which contacts involving the conserved (+ 1)G/C(+ 72) pair of tRNA stabilize functional metal ion binding. Additionally, these observations suggest that C5 protein has evolved to compensate for tRNA variation at positions important for binding to P RNA, allowing for tRNA specialization.
Hamilton’s law of varying action: Part I: Assumed-time-modes method

Abstract Without consideration of force equilibrium and differential equations of motion, a general derivation of algebraic equations for dynamic systems is presented. This is achieved by an assumed-time-modes approach in conjunction with a direct application of Hamilton’s law of varying action. By assumed-time-modes, it is implied that the dependent variables of the general dynamics problem can be expanded in terms of admissible basis functions in time. This approach allows explicita prioriintegration in time of the energy related integrals, leading to the general algebraic equations of motion (AEM) in which the constant expansion coefficients constitute the generalized states of motion. Essential features of the AEM are noted and a unified end result is presented. Identification of system matrices is made in the algebraic form. The general motion is considered to be non-linear, but linear contributions and algebraic reductions to associated linear systems are also shown. A simple demonstration is included to show the basic steps to obtain the AEM.
Synergism between morphogenetic mutants of Myxococcus xanthus

Abstract Myxococcus xanthus , a social procaryotic microorganism, forms fruiting bodies and myxospores. We have isolated a collection of mutants of M. xanthus that are defective in fruiting morphogenesis and have studied synergistic interaction in pairwise mixtures of these mutants. Certain pairs of these fruiting-defective mutants can fruit when mixed together. Similarly, certain mutants that cannot sporulate under standard fruiting conditions can form myxospores in the presence of wildtype or other nonsporulating mutants. The pattern of synergism between pairs of conditional nonsporulating mutants defines at least three and probably four groups of mutants, such that members of a group cannot synergize with each other but can synergize with members of other groups.
Microbial biomass and bacterial functional diversity in forest soils: effects of organic matter removal, compaction, and vegetation control

Abstract The effects of organic matter removal, soil compaction, and vegetation control on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, C-to-N ratio, and functional diversity were examined in a 6-year loblolly pine plantation on a Coastal Plain site in eastern North Carolina, USA. This experimental plantation was established as part of the US Forest Service's Long Term Soil Productivity Study. Sampling was undertaken on eight treatments within each of three blocks. Treatments sampled included main 2×2 factorial treatments of organic matter removal (stem-only or complete tree plus forest floor) and compaction (none or severe) with split-plot treatment of vegetation control (none or total vegetation control). Two blocks were located on a somewhat poorly drained, fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic aeric Paleaquult (Lynchburg soil) and one on a moderately well drained, fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic aquic Paleudult (Goldsboro soil). Soil microbial C and N were positively related with soil C and N, respectively. Microbial C and N on the Lynchburg soil were higher than those on the Goldsboro soil. Organic matter removal decreased microbial N. Compaction reduced microbial C-to-N ratio. Vegetation control decreased microbial C and C-to-N ratio. The number of C compounds utilized by bacteria was not affected by soil type or treatment. However, soil types and treatments changed bacterial selections for a few C compounds on BIOLOG plates. Soil microbial properties varied more due to the natural soil differences (soil type) as compared with treatment-induced differences.
Retinotopic mapping in cat visual cortex using high-field functional magnetic resonance imaging

In the field of neuroscience, there has always been a need for imaging techniques that provide high-resolution, large field-of-view measurements of neural activity. Functional MRI has this capability, but the link between the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal and neural activity is indirect. High magnetic field strengths (>3 T) improve the strength and specificity of the BOLD signal, but there are additional concerns about imaging artifacts at high field. We have tested the capabilities of ultra high field fMRI in the anesthetized juvenile cat, demonstrating rapid, non-invasive retinotopic mapping of early visual areas. Maps of topographic organization and measured cortical magnification factors are in good agreement with electrophysiological studies. Measurement precision was estimated at 1 mm. This mapping, performed with an MRI scanner at ultra high field (9.4 T), demonstrates the capabilities of high-resolution functional mapping of the visual system at ultra high field.
Policy Matters Now and in the Future: Net Neutrality, Corporate Data Mining, and Government Surveillance

Abstract In this article, I will detail three key policy issues that have a profound effect on the future of the World Wide Web and Internet-based communications: net neutrality, corporate data mining, and government surveillance. Focusing on policy issues in the U.S., I will describe not only current practices and cases, but future possibilities for writers and teachers of writing. I will draw from work in composition, interdisciplinary studies on privacy, information sharing, and surveillance on the Internet, analyses of applicable policies and laws, and the advocacy efforts by organizations. Issues I will examine include the importance of and threats to net neutrality; how data mining and (so-called) privacy agreements currently work, specifically at social networking sites often used in writing classrooms; and how government and institutional surveillance is far more prevalent than many realize. I will close with recommendations for what writing instructors (and students) can do to try to craft a different future, one where writers and the visual, verbal, aural writing they read and produce online will not be collected, scrutinized, and controlled (or, realistically, at least not as much).
M dwarfs: planet formation and long term evolution

The first part of this paper discusses how planet formation proceeds in the disks orbiting M dwarf stars. These environments are different from those associated with solar-type stars in several ways: The planet forming clock (set by orbits) runs slower, the disks are more prone to evaporation, the supply of raw material is lower, the snowline is closer in, and planetary systems are more easily disrupted. Because of these considerations, red dwarfs are less likely to harbor giant planets, but can readily produce smaller planets. The second part of this paper describes stellar evolution calculations for M dwarfs, which live far longer than the current age of the universe. These diminutive stellar objects remain convective over most of their lives, continue to burn hydrogen for trillions of years, and do not experience red giant phases in their old age. Instead, red dwarfs turn into blue dwarfs and finally white dwarfs. This work also shows (in part) why larger stars become red giants. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Women, Public Pensions, and Poverty: What Can the United States Learn from Other Countries?

Older women in the United States are far more likely to live in poverty compared to older women in other industrialized western countries. This article explores the role that public pensions in play in determining this difference. In particular, I find that the link between marriage and public pension benefits in the United States is problematic for older women's income security.
Structure-neurotoxicity relationships of amyloid β-protein oligomers

Amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) oligomers may be the proximate neurotoxins in Alzheimer's disease (AD). "Oligomer" is an ill-defined term because many kinds have been reported and they often exist in rapid equilibrium with monomers and higher-order assemblies. We report here results of studies in which specific oligomers have been stabilized structurally, fractionated in pure form, and then studied by using a combination of CD spectroscopy, Thioflavin T fluorescence, EM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and neurotoxicity assays. Abeta monomers were largely unstructured, but oligomers exhibited order-dependent increases in beta-sheet content. EM and AFM data suggest that dimerization and subsequent monomer addition are processes in which significant and asymmetric monomer conformational changes occur. Oligomer secondary structure and order correlated directly with fibril nucleation activity. Neurotoxic activity increased disproportionately (order dependence >1) with oligomer order. The structure-activity correlations reported here significantly extend our understanding of the conformational dynamics, structure, and relative toxicity of pure Abeta oligomers of specific order.
Note on the temporal relationships between sandstone compaction and precipitation of authigenic minerals

Abstract Several diagenetic minerals (i.e., calcite, kaolinite, illite/smectite, dolomite, quartz and chlorite) are present in the sandstones of the Stilo-Capo d'Orlando Formation (Miocene, southern Italy), but calcite and kaolinite are the only major cementing agents. Textural characteristics of calcite- and kaolinite-cemented sandstones are markedly different. Calcite-cemented samples have an average packing density of 82%, and most grains touch each other tangentially. On the other hand, kaolinite-cemented samples are closely packed (average packing density = 95%), and most commonly display long and concavo-convex intergranular contacts. Textural and geochemical data show that calcite precipitated during progressive burial of the Stilo-Capo d'Orlando Formation over temperatures ranging from 39° to 81°C (δ18OPDB = −5 to −11%), while kaolinite represents the latest cementation episode. Sandstones of the Stilo-Capo d'Orlando Formation illustrate effectively the combined effects of compaction and cementation during progressive burial. Early formation of carbonate cement prevented further compaction, whereas the remaining uncemented portions underwent severe compaction before later precipitation of kaolinite cement.
Studies on the inhibition of melanin formation.

After Raper (1) traced the series of chemical steps by which tyrosine is oxidized to melanin by non-mammalian tyrosinases (Fig. 1) there appeared reports about various chemical substances that inhibit this reaction at different stages through various mechanisms. These reports have recently been reviewed by Lerner and Fitzpatrick (2). The present study deals with the mode of action of some chemical agents that modify the melanin formation brought about by mammalian tyrosinase. This investigation was undertaken in connection with a search for substances which would be taken up selectively in melanoblasts by combining with intermediates in the enzymatic process of tyrosine oxidation to form a precipitate. If such substances could be found it would make possible the selective destruction of melanin-forming neoplastic cells.
Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation on Cobalt Foil and on Thin Cobalt Film Model Catalysts

Abstract Carbon monoxide hydrogenation has been studied on polycrystalline cobalt foils and on thin cobalt films evaporated on gold substrate, using a combination of UHV studies and atmospheric pressure reactions, in the temperature range from 475 to 575 K and at 101 kPa total pressure. On the cobalt foils we have detected C1-C4 hydrocarbons and on the Co/Au surfaces C1-C3 hydrocarbons. The activation energy of methane formation is the same for both types of surfaces (∼86 kJ/mol, but the CO and H2 partial pressure dependencies of the rate are different. For Co/Au surfaces the reaction rate increases with increasing partial pressures of both H2 and CO, but on cobalt foils the CO pressure dependence is negative, as for the supported cobalt catalysts reported in the literature. On cobalt foil the Co hydrogenation reaction proceeds via CO dissociation, followed by subsequent hydrogenation of surface carbon. Whereas in the Co/Au system the rate-limiting step is either formation or dissociation of a CHOH-complex. Auger electron spectroscopy shows no excessive carbon build-up during the reaction on any of the cobalt surfaces below 550 K.
Technologic advances in the imaging of ovarian morphology and their roles in ascertaining follicular growth and development in the rhesus monkey

Imaging follicular development has advanced notably from the invasive—laparotomy—to the relatively noninvasive—laparoscopy (making frequent observations over a single cycle possible)—to totally noninvasive approaches such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Now we can identify the dominant preovulatory follicle (DF) in macaques by day 6 of the menstrual cycle via laparoscopy and by day 6–8 via ultrasonography. MRI scans are remarkably correlated with histologic specimens. We obtained axial, coronal, and sagittal ovarian images with MRI software. Moreover, we are discerning structure/function relationships in ovarian estrogen-receptor systems using X-ray autoradiography and immunocytochemistry. We have localized the estrogen receptor in functional corpus luteum (CL) with3H-estradiol and in germinal epithelium and granulosa cells with monoclonal antibody to the receptor. We believe that by using a combination of the aforementioned techniques, we will be able to investigate more fully the processes of recruitment and selection of ovarian follicles.
Children's beliefs about substance use: an examination of age differences in implicit and explicit cognitive precursors of substance use initiation.

Cognitive models conceptualize attitudes and beliefs about substance use (SU) as proximal mediators of a variety of risk and protective factors for SU. Researchers have distinguished implicit and explicit cognition, but limited research has examined this distinction in the early stages of SU. The authors' goal was to examine age differences in implicit and explicit SU cognitions to clarify proximal cognitive processes that may be involved in early SU. Alcohol- and cigarette-naive children (N=76; 69.7% male; M age=11.8 years) completed the laboratory-based experiment. Likelihood ratings of costs and benefits of use assessed explicit cognitions, and a priming task assessed implicit cognitions. Regardless of age, children perceived costs of drinking alcohol and smoking as more likely than benefits. This discrepancy was smaller for older children, although this age difference was weaker for costs and benefits of cigarette use. Strong positive implicit alcohol use cognitions were apparent regardless of age. However, age differences were found for implicit cigarette use cognition. Older children were more positive about cigarette use. Findings suggest the importance of distinguishing explicit and implicit cognition for etiological models of early SU. Language: en
Portable high-voltage power supply and electrochemical detection circuits for microchip capillary electrophoresis.

Miniaturized, battery-powered, high-voltage power supply, electrochemical (EC) detection, and interface circuits designed for microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) are described. The dual source CE power supply provides ±1 kVDC at 380 μA and can operate continuously for 15 h without recharging. The amperometric EC detection circuit provides electrode potentials of ±2 VDC and gains of 1, 10, and 100 nA/V. The CE power supply power is connected to the microchip through an interface circuit consisting of two miniature relays, diodes, and resistors. The microchip has equal length buffer and separation channels. This geometry allows the microchip to be controlled from only two reservoirs using fixed dc sources while providing a consistent and stable sample injection volume. The interface circuit also maintains the detection reservoir at ground potential and allows channel currents to be measured likewise. Data are recorded, and the circuits are controlled by a National Instruments signal interface card and ...
Rate and Quantity in the First Year's Extensive Reading in College French

EXTENSIVE reading with a careful accounting on reportsheets designed for the purpose has had a definite place in the program of the College Department of Romance Languages in the University of Chicago for a number of years. The Chairman of this Department, Professor O. F. Bond, assisted by the author of this article, has lately completed a study and tabulation of the individual readings and reportage in first-year French, covering the five years from 1927 to 1932. In these five years 541 students in French 101, 102, and 103 (by which the initial year is designated under the quarter system) read outside of class or "extensively" and reported on 769,093 pages of French, embracing 1083 titles and 570 authors.
The 3D compressible Euler equations with damping in a bounded domain

Abstract We proved global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to the initial boundary value problem for the 3D damped compressible Euler equations on bounded domain with slip boundary condition when the initial data is near its equilibrium. Time asymptotically, the density is conjectured to satisfy the porous medium equation and the momentum obeys to the classical Darcy's law. Based on energy estimate, we showed that the classical solution converges to steady state exponentially fast in time. We also proved that the same is true for the related initial boundary value problem of porous medium equation and thus justified the validity of Darcy's law in large time.
Characterization of H(n, q) by the parameters

Abstract Distance-regular graphs which have the same parameters as the Hamming scheme H ( n , q ) are classified. If q ≠ 4, H ( n , q ) is the only such graph. If q = 4, there are precisely [ n 2 ] (isomorphism classes of) such graphs other than H ( n , q ).
Succinylcholine and Muscle Excitability

Succinylcholine lowers the resting membrane potential taken with microelectrodes similarly in nerve-scarce and innervated portions of frog sartorius muscle. Twitches to electrical excitation of the nerve-scarce pelvic end of the muscle are also rapidly reduced. The results indicate that succinylcholine probably acts generally on the muscle membrance to diminish excitability.
An Adaptive Robust Control for Displacement-Controlled End-Effectors

Cascade linear control strategies with output feedback have been studied at the Maha Fluid Power Research Center to demonstrate robust control for displacement-controlled rotary actuation. These strategies have been mainly investigated for closed-loop actuator control where the operator specifies the actuator position to close the loop. This paper presents an extension of the work developed for this kind of actuation by introducing a non-linear control strategy for open-loop applications (i.e. the operator closes the loop via a joystick). The test bench, a 1.5 ton hydraulically-operated end-effector with a range of motion of 270° is utilized to validate the obtained control law. The proposed control scheme, an adaptive robust control (ARC) law, ensures system stability and robustness for a wide range of motion while eliminating the linear controller approach limitations. Furthermore, changes in the plant behavior are taken into account through online parameter adaptation. To emphasize on the advantages of ARC, a deterministic robust control (DRC) law has been derived from the ARC. Results show that the advantages of online parameter adaptation lead to a dramatic increase on the actuator position accuracy. In addition, the ARC results are compared to the cascade controller developed by Grabbel in 2004.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Asthma in United States olympic athletes who participated in the 1998 olympic winter games.

Abstract Background: About one of every 5 athletes who participated in the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta had a past history of asthma, had symptoms that suggested asthma, or took asthma medications. No previous study has determined the prevalence of asthma in all US athletes who participated in an Olympic Winter Games. Objectives: We sought to determine how many US athletes who participated in the 1998 Olympic Winter Games had a past history of asthma, had symptoms that suggested asthma, or indicated taking a medication used to treat asthma. Methods: We evaluated responses to questions that asked about allergic and respiratory diseases in the United States Olympic Committee Medical History Questionnaire that was completed by all 196 athletes who represented the United States at the 1998 Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan. Results: Forty-three (21.9%) of the 196 athletes had a previous diagnosis of asthma, and 36 (18.4%) recorded use of an asthma medication at some time in the past. Forty-four (22.4%) reported use of an asthma medication, a diagnosis of asthma, or both (our basis for the diagnosis of asthma). Thirty-four (17.4%) of the athletes were currently taking an asthma medication at the time that they completed the questionnaire or indicated that they took these medications on a permanent or semipermanent basis and were considered to have active asthma. Athletes who participated in Nordic combined, cross-country, and short track events had the highest prevalence of having been told that they had asthma or had taken an asthma medication in the past (60.7%) in contrast with only one (2.8%) of the 36 athletes who participated in bobsled, biathlon, luge, and ski jumping. Eighteen (24%) of 75 athletes who participated in alpine, long track, figure skating, snow boarding, and curling had a previous diagnosis of asthma or recorded use of an asthma medication. Conclusions: We conclude that asthma appeared to have been more common in athletes who participated in the 1998 Winter Games than in athletes who participated in either the 1996 or 1984 Summer Games. Clearly, asthma rates vary widely among sports. This suggests that the environment in which exercise is performed is important in leading to a decrease in the amount of exercise required to trigger asthma and perhaps in causing injury to the airways. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;106:267-71.)
Less Formal English

SPEAKING before The National Council of Teachers of English, Dr. Dora V. Smith and Professor Walter Barnes made a plea for less formal English. "The first challenge to American youth," said Dr. Smith, "is that we send him out from our secondary schools capable of reading simple prose which his everyday life presents to him."' Professor Barnes, moreover, recommended a "sweet disorder" in speech which would admit slang and colloquialisms.2 This was in November, 1936. Several months later, Dr. Robert M. Hutchins, President of the University of Chicago, in his address to the New York Association of Teachers of English argued that "the mastery of tradition is necessary to genuine and intelligent progress." This tradition, he reasoned, is primary in education, and directly dependent on the liberal arts-the arts of language and mathematics. Consequently, he concluded that "the teaching of English, properly conceived, becomes basic to the whole scheme of education, and grammar a basic discipline among the arts of language."3 In general, these recommendations-to continue to democratize the study of English and the exhortation to insure its perpetuation as an integral part of liberal education-are representative of the two major views purporting to shape the educational system of tomorrow. Neither offers a solution for the problem that besets the high-school student, and it is debatable which would better serve his needs. That the present training in English is already not too satisfactory from the point of view of those secondary-school students who enter college seems to be indicated by a recently conducted survey. A total of 357 students of elementary French (100), German (208), Italian (5), and Spanish (44), representing four institutions of higher learning,4 were asked the following question: "Has your training in English helped you in your foreign language study?" Of this number 283 answered in the affirmative. Their replies ranged from a predominantly noncommittal "yes" to such statements as: "It has given me a foundation in grammar which I have been able to use in my foreign languages"; "It has equipped
Three-dimensional filtration on a circular leaf

The unconfined growth of a filter cake on a circular filter cloth was theoretically and experimentally studied as the simplest example of a three-dimensional filtration. The results are compared with the one-dimensional cake growth which ensues when the cake is laterally restrained by a cylindrical sleeve.
Analysis of a heavy gluino LSP at CDF: The heavy gluino window

In this paper we consider a heavy gluino to be the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). We investigate the limits on the mass of a heavy gluino LSP, using the searches for excess events in the jets plus missing momentum channel in run I. The neutral and charged R hadrons, containing a heavy gluino LSP, have distinct signatures at the Fermilab Tevatron. The range of excluded gluino masses depends on whether the R hadron is charged or neutral and the amount of energy deposited in the hadronic calorimeter. The latter depends on the energy loss per collision in the calorimeter and the number of collisions, where both quantities require a model for R-hadron\char21{}nucleon scattering. We show how the excluded range of gluino mass depends on these parameters. We find that gluinos with a mass in the range between $\ensuremath{\sim}35$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}115\mathrm{GeV}$ are excluded by CDF run I data. Combined with the previous results of Baer et al., who use CERN LEP data to exclude the range 3 to 22\char21{}25 GeV, our result demonstrates that an allowed window for a heavy gluino with a mass between 25 and 35 GeV is quite robust. Finally we discuss the relevant differences of our analysis of Tevatron data to that of Baer et al.
Baby Aigisthos and the Bronze Age

Greek poets and painters of all archaic and classical stages actively used the Bronze Age as their major medium of expression. Their plots are made of legends they attribute to Bronze Age places, their characters are heroes, often royal, who contest those places and thrones, and fight at home and overseas for small quantities of metals, horses, cattle, women. The heroic figures of the classical imagination, especially in tragedy, are isolated and highlighted before general backgrounds of palaces, battlefields, sacred shrines, altars and groves, or tombs. The characters often take on aspects that seem to emanate from these settings – kingly, quarrelsome, acquisitive, enemies or puppets of the gods, exposed to and angry at death. The heroes often seem like dead divinities, sentient watchers inside the earth, contemplating contemporary life, like Amphiaraos watching from some breathing cave near Harma in Boiotia, while an image of them is projected on the stage to walk and talk through their remembered, familiar pathea .
Early Detection of System Failure in Complex Chemical or Non-Electrical Based Systems Using a Nerual Network

Health monitoring systems have evolved into complex diagnostic systems. Researchers are attempting to include prediction, or prognostics, into such systems and are resorting to hybrid systems fusing statistics, data mining, expert systems, neural networks, and more into system that perform not only health monitoring and diagnostics but prognostics as well. However, no work has been reported on systems based on chemical or other non-electrical processes where the interactions of the various operating parameters are subtle, complex, and correlated in unknown or difficult to elicit ways. This paper describes the use of neural networks to provide early detection of the onset of operational failure in such devices and suggests ways to use it as part of a prognostic system.
Dynamic interactions between two models of team development and learning: Implications for performance and human resource managers

Team-based activities have become commonplace in many organizations. Research on team effectiveness has included studies on the effect of several variables, including goals, reward systems, team composition, type of task, and norms conducive to innovation. These all can be seen as the context for a team's ability to develop and learn. This article extends the existing research by briefly reviewing two dominant theories of team development and learning (the stages of development model and the punctuated equilibrium model) and then proposes, using seven propositions, a synthesis of the two models, showing how they need to interact to ensure optimal team effectiveness. Several implications for human resource development are identified.
Theoretical Study of Ring Exchange in the Borocenium Cation, [B(C5R5)2]+ (R = H, Me)

Geometries and energetics of the borocenium cation, [BCp2]+, and the decamethylborocenium cation, [BCp*2]+, have been studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and ONIOM methods. Possible structures with different hapticities were considered for [BCp2]+ at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d) level, and for [BCp*2]+ at the ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31+G(d):HF/STO-3G) level. In the ground-state structure of [BCp*2]+ one ring is monohapto and one ring is pentahapto (η1/η5), in good agreement with experiment. The energy difference between the η1/η5 (A) and η5/η5 (I) structure of [BCp2]+ is 54.5 kcal/mol at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d)+ZPC level, which is in contrast to the small energy difference (∼2 kcal/mol) found between the η1/η5 and η5/η5 structures in the isoelectronic Cp2Be system. The ring exchange process for the [BCp2]+ cation has an activation energy barrier of 14.7 kcal/mol where the hapticity of one ring gradually decreases (η5 → η2(TS) → η2 → η1(TS) → η1) and the hapticity for the other ring gradually in...
Beyond the Patch Clamp: Nanotechnologies for Intracellular Recording

The patch clamp is a fundamental tool for neuroscientists, offering insights that have shaped our understanding of the brain. Advances in nanotechnology suggest that the next generation of recording methods is now within reach. We discuss the complexity and future promise of applying nanoscience to neural recording.
Using Near Infrared Reflectance Product Library Files to Improve Prediction Accuracy and Reduce Calibration Costs

Deriving a near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration for new samples is an expensive and time-consuming process. Often a laboratory analyzing samples with NIRS will receive new samples that are spectrally different from the library samples for that product. This study was performed to develop a method to: (i) identify previously analyzed samples in a product library that best match the spectra of the new samples for a local calibration, (ii) compare the prediction accuracy of the broad product library calibration to the local calibration, and (iii) if necessary, expand the local calibrations with a few of the new samples when greater prediction accuracy is required. Three groups of new samples were obtained for the study (.)