cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning through conflict: a realistic strategy for risk communication'

Technological conflicts are commonly seen as rooted in problems of risk perception and risk communication. This view is seriously deficient in that it does not fully appreciate that despite their technical content, the conflicts are at bottom political. Conflict of interests and values is evident even in differences over scientific agendas, methods, and interpretations, and especially in the inevitable cacophony of messages describing scientific knowledge to non-experts. Efforts to produce clear, accurate, and unbiased messages about risks will not even solve communication problems, let alone reduce conflict, because ‘unbiased’ is undefinable. Clear and accurate messages can always be devised to support a variety of policy positions, and they will be, whenever controversy persists. The article substantiates these points and outlines some realistic approaches to risk communication that enable nonexperts to learn through conflict what they cannot learn from carefully crafted risk messages.
Pleading in the Blood: The Art and Performances of Ron Athey edited by Dominic Johnson

The potency of myth in Ron Athey’s work is the problem tackled by this formidable new book. Edited by Dominic Johnson, Pleading in the Blood is the first near-comprehensive treatment of Athey’s com...
Studies on head-tail union in bacteriophage lambda.

Abstract The kinetics of the joining of tails to heads of phage λ have been studied in vitro. The tails and the heads were obtained by temperature induction of the restrictive host lysogenic for sus A CIt1 and sus L CIt1, respectively. The results show that the reaction can, most simply, be described as due to the kinetic encounter of the two particles. An approximate calculation shows that only about one in a hundred of these collisions is effective in producing an active phage. A few other properties of the tails are described: they adsorb to bacteria as do whole phage. Once adsorbed they can still attach heads and allow, then, injection of the head-contained DNA into the bacteria, which thus become infective centers.
Classical W algebras and non-abelian parafermions

Abstract We show that the known classical W algebras can be derived from the algebra satisfied by the non-abelian parafermion fields of the gauged WZW model. The extension of this construction to multi-local fields leads to new W-algebras.
Cooperation and conflict in the factory : Some observations and questions regarding conceptualization of intergroup relations within bureaucratic social structures

L'article de Donald Roy, ecrit en 1952 et non publie avant 2006, souleve la question du developpement des outils conceptuels pour la recherche sur les relations intergroupe dans le contexte social d'une institution industrielle moderne. Dans ce but, les resultats empiriques d'un observateur de l'experience dans l'usine sont donnes comme base des discussions
Kinetics of the surface ionization of plutonium on carburized rhenium

Abstract Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy has been used to investigate the kinetics of surface ionization of plutonium on carburized rhenium. Results show that the details of ion emission are intimately related to carbon flow in the rhenium-carbon system. Correlation with carbon flow has been established by both a radiation balance determination of filament emissivity and observations of carbon flux in the filament as measured by the time derivative of resistance. Continuously increasing the temperature of carburized filaments from below the temperature for saturated solubility of available carbon, Tsat, to a value greater than Tsat results in discontinuous ion emission signals. In experiments for which the temperature was always greater than Tsat continuous ion emission signals were observed. A first-order kinetic analysis of the continuous data supports the hypothesis that ion emission results from a two-step process, the first step filling an intermediate chemical state on the surface and the final step being ordinary Langmuir-Saha surface ionization from that state. Simple Arrhenius expressions characterize both steps. For the first step the activation energy is 4.51±1.4 eV and the frequency factor is (4.36±4.77)×1011 s−1. Corresponding values for release of Pu are 5.73±0.06 eV and (1.41±0.62)×1013 s−1. A value of 1.01 eV results for the difference between the ionization energy of Pu and the work function of carburized rhenium.
Performance of Transductors for Precision High-Current Measurement and Control

In order to find transductors suitable for the requirements of the ZGS, four commercial transductors were compared with a precision coaxial shunt. The results of these measurements, which determine the stability, linearity, hysteresis, frequency response, output ripple, coefficients of temperature and line voltage, and effects of magnetic stray fields, are reported.
Long-range antiferromagnetic ordering in Bi2CuO4.

The results of an investigation of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ using x-ray and neutron powder diffraction, dc magnetometry, and electron-spin resonance are presented. Simultaneous refinement of the room-temperature x-ray and neutron-diffraction data was used to obtain accurate cell parameters and atomic positions. Neutron-diffraction data at 13 and 300 K show that the appropriate space group is P4/ncc at both temperatures and reveal the appearance at the lower temperature of two magnetic peaks, which can be indexed as (100) and (210) reflections. While they are clearly indicative of long-range antiferromagnetic order, on the basis of these powder data alone one cannot determine the moment direction. However, on the assumption that the moments lie along the c axis, the copper magnetic moment is (0.56\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04)${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$. dc magnetometry was performed at temperatures from 1.66 to 400 K and fields ranging from 0.5 to 50 kOe. The magnetization showed no field saturation even at 1.66 K and 45 kOe. The susceptibility showed a maximum near 50.4 K with a Curie tail observed at low temperatures. Antiferromagnetic interactions dominated at all temperatures. The magnetic behavior is like that of a three-dimensional antiferromagnetic system. ESR experiments were done over the temperature range 4.3--300 K. For temperatures above 50 K, one broad line with g=2.09 was observed. The resonance field shifted to higher values for T37 K, with an eventual splitting of the line below 15 K. These ESR signals can be associated with antiferromagnetic resonance modes, consistent with an ordered antiferromagnetic phase.
Glorious deeds: work unit blood donation and postsocialist desires in Urban China

With advances in medical technology, the potential uses for human blood have proliferated, and in turn, so has the demand for blood. Blood and blood products circulate in a medical marketplace as a...
Analysis and Approximation of a JIT Production Line

Production lines are often modeled as queueing networks with finite inventory between each stage. Little is known, however, about the average production rate and inventory levels when the service distribution at each stage is normal. This paper approximates the service distribution using iterative methods rather than simulation. The results show that iterative methods are useful when the problem is small and that approximation of the service distribution, by another distribution with the same mean and variance, is valid for steady-state results such as average production rate or average inventory level.
Factor and ideal point analysis for interpersonally incomparable data

Interpersonally incomparable responses pose a significant problem for survey researchers. If the manifest responses of individuals differ from their underlying true responses by monotonic transformations which vary from person to person, then the covariances of the manifest responses tools such as factor analysis may yield incorrect results. Satisfactory results for interpersonally incomparable ordinal responses can be obtained by assuming that rankings are based upon a set of multivariate normal latent variables which satisfy the factor or ideal point models of choice. Two statistical methods based upon these assumptions are described; their statistical properties are explored; and their computational feasibility is demonstrated in some simulations. We conclude that is possible to develop methods for factor and ideal point analysis of interpersonally incomparable ordinal data.
NI-43GROWTH KINETICS OF CONTRAST ENHANCING GLIOMAS ASSOCIATE INVASIVE GROWTH WITH SEIZURE PRESENTATION.

PURPOSE: Epileptic seizure is a common presentation for patients with malignant glioma. Although the biological mechanisms which produce tumor-associated seizures are unclear, seizures are more prevalent in grade II gliomas. We hypothesized that an invasive growth kinetic would be associated with seizure incidence at presentation, and this association may explain why non-grade IV gliomas are more likely to present with seizures. METHODS: A total of 354 patients with contrast enhancing gliomas WHO grade II (N = 13), III (N = 28), and IV (N = 313) were studied. We incorporated diagnostic T1 + contrast and T2/FLAIR MRIs into a mathematical growth model to calculate a ratio of migration (D, mm2/yr) and proliferation (P, 1/yr) rates of tumor growth. We examined the association between the relative invasiveness ratio (D/P, mm2) and seizure presentation. RESULTS: When stratifying patients by histologic grade, grade III seizure presenting (SP) patients exhibited higher average D/P (p = 0.012, t-test) than non-seizure presenting (NSP) patients. Within grade III patients, SP patients with little to no mass effect similarly exhibited higher average D/P than NSP patients (p = 0.035 t-test). Broadening our scope, we observed that among all grade II-IV contrast enhancing gliomas, SP patients had higher D/P (p = 0.025, Mann-Whitney) than NSP patients. CONCLUSIONS: The association of high D/P with SP suggests that patients with an invasive growth pattern (high D/P) may be more likely to present with seizures than nodular tumors (low D/P). We interpret this association to imply that more infiltrative tumor growth is more likely to produce a seizure due to tumor cell invasion along white matter tracts, disrupting functional connectivity. In contrast, nodular growth may predominately push against, rather than invade along white matter tracts, leading to less disruption of functional connectivity and decreased seizure incidence.
Influence of polymer properties on airborne chemical contamination of chemically amplified resists

We describe here an extensive study of the relation between polymer structure and rates of NMP uptake for a set of polymer films with a very broad range of properties. NMP labeled using radioactive 14C was introduced at a concentration of 12 ppb into a stream of purified air. The film of interest was then immersed in the airstream for a predetermined time under controlled conditions. The radionuclide serves as a tag which allows precise quantitation of NMP absorbed by the polymer film. NMP uptake rates measured using this method are shown to correlate with polymer physical properties in a straightforward manner. The observed trends are in accord with those expected on the basis of the solution diffusion model of polymer permeation. These data provide a basis for the rational design of polymers for chemically amplified resists which are insensitive to airborne contaminants.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Scalar mesons and the search for the 0++ glueball

The possibility that gluonic excitations of hadronic matter or of the QCD vacuum may exist is perhaps one of the most fascinating topics in hadron spectroscopy. Glueballs are predicted by many models; in particular, present-day lattice gauge calculations require their existence. All these models agree that the lightest glueball should have scalar quantum numbers and a mass around 1.6 GeV, which corresponds to the mass region where the scalar q% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGabmiCayaara % aaaa!3701!\[\bar p\]-mesons are expected. Therefore, mixing effects can complicate the search for the glueball. Experiments indeed show an overpopulation of states, for which many different interpretations exist. This reflects the complexity of the situation. New data from various experiments on scalar states give hints toward an interpretation of the scalar states. But still many questions remain.
A low temperature scanning tunneling microscope designed for imaging molecular adsorbates

Abstract We report on the development of a low temperature scanning tunneling microscope (STM) used for imaging molecular adsorbates. The microscope operates near 85 K and features in situ tip and sample exchange. Cooling is accomplished via a clamping mechanism that provides a direct mechanical link between a liquid nitrogen dewar and the STM stage. During imaging, the clamping mechanism is released, and the STM stage is isolated from vibrations using a dual spring suspension system that incorporates magnetic eddy current damping. Additional isolation is provided by uncoupling the liquid nitrogen dewar from the vacuum chamber. We have used this STM to image benzene and carbon monoxide coadsorbed on the Pd (1 1 1) surface. The resulting acquired images show both the ordered arrangement and internal structure of the benzene molecules. Depending on the dosing conditions, three different ordered overlayer structures were formed, only one of which has been previously reported. Future plans include using the low temperature imaging capability of the STM to observe molecular binding sites, orientation, and tilt, as well as dynamical processes on the surface, such as chemical reactions.
Medical Simulators for Developing Countries Via Low-Cost Two-Dimensional Position Tracking

Mortality rates are unnecessarily high in developing countries due to lack of medical training or available procedures. For example, maternal deaths were estimated at 287,000 in 2010 of which 99% happened in developing countries [1]. Many of these deaths could be avoided if the physicians and nurses had a way to train and practice life-saving medical procedures like Cesarean sections or tracheotomies without risking harm to patients. A way to do this would be to have surgical simulators that they could train on. While the medical profession in the developed world has shifted to simulation-based training [2], current procedural simulators range from $500 to $300,000 [3], which is not an option for most hospitals or care providers in developing countries. We propose an open-source ultralow-cost (less than $10 USD) medical procedure simulator platform that would be made of materials available in developing countries so that they could be locally made yet provide a means to accurately train and assess skill acquisition in medical procedures. Two enabling technologies may satisfy these requirements: low-cost bioplastics to simulate tissue and two-dimensional surface potentiometers to electronically track surgical tools on tissue. The goal of this research is to assess the feasibility of such simulators by evaluating the feasibility of these two technologies for low-cost medical simulators in the developing world.
The Effects of White Noise on the Frequency of Stuttering.

Three adult male stutterers spoke spontaneously during a series of base-rate and noise sessions. Base rate was run first for a minimum of 100 minutes and until two criteria of stability were met. F...
Dynamic morphometric characterization of local connective tissue network structure in humans using ultrasound

In humans, connective tissue forms a complex, interconnected network throughout the body that may have mechanosensory, regulatory and signaling functions. Understanding these potentially important phenomena requires non-invasive measurements of collagen network structure that can be performed in live animals or humans. The goal of this study was to show that ultrasound can be used to quantify dynamic changes in local connective tissue structure in vivo. We first performed combined ultrasound and histology examinations of the same tissue in two subjects undergoing surgery: in one subject, we examined the relationship of ultrasound to histological images in three dimensions; in the other, we examined the effect of a localized tissue perturbation using a previously developed robotic acupuncture needling technique. In ten additional non-surgical subjects, we quantified changes in tissue spatial organization over time during needle rotation vs. no rotation using ultrasound and semi-variogram analyses. 3-D renditions of ultrasound images showed longitudinal echogenic sheets that matched with collagenous sheets seen in histological preparations. Rank correlations between serial 2-D ultrasound and corresponding histology images resulted in high positive correlations for semi-variogram ranges computed parallel (r = 0.79, p < 0.001) and perpendicular (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) to the surface of the skin, indicating concordance in spatial structure between the two data sets. Needle rotation caused tissue displacement in the area surrounding the needle that was mapped spatially with ultrasound elastography and corresponded to collagen bundles winding around the needle on histological sections. In semi-variograms computed for each ultrasound frame, there was a greater change in the area under the semi-variogram curve across successive frames during needle rotation compared with no rotation. The direction of this change was heterogeneous across subjects. The frame-to-frame variability was 10-fold (p < 0.001) greater with rotation than with no rotation indicating changes in tissue structure during rotation. The combination of ultrasound and semi-variogram analyses allows quantitative assessment of dynamic changes in the structure of human connective tissue in vivo.
High-resolution soil moisture mapping in Afghanistan

Soil moisture conditions have an impact upon virtually all aspects of Army activities and are increasingly affecting its systems and operations. Soil moisture conditions affect operational mobility, detection of landmines and unexploded ordinance, natural material penetration/excavation, military engineering activities, blowing dust and sand, watershed responses, and flooding. This study further explores a method for high-resolution (2.7 m) soil moisture mapping using remote satellite optical imagery that is readily available from Landsat and QuickBird. The soil moisture estimations are needed for the evaluation of IED sensors using the Countermine Simulation Testbed in regions where access is difficult or impossible. The method has been tested in Helmand Province, Afghanistan, using a Landsat7 image and a QuickBird image of April 23 and 24, 2009, respectively. In previous work it was found that Landsat soil moisture can be predicted from the visual and near infra-red Landsat bands1-4. Since QuickBird bands 1-4 are almost identical to Landsat bands 1- 4, a Landsat soil moisture map can be downscaled using QuickBird bands 1-4. However, using this global approach for downscaling from Landsat to QuickBird scale yielded a small number of pixels with erroneous soil moisture values. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine how the quality of the downscaled soil moisture maps can be improved by using a data stratification approach for the development of downscaling regression equations for each landscape class. It was found that stratification results in a reliable downscaled soil moisture map with a spatial resolution of 2.7 m.
Sumatriptan in patients with postdural puncture headache.

Objective.–To determine the efficacy of sumatriptan in the management of patients presenting for an epidural blood patch for the management of postdural puncture headache. Background.–Postdural puncture headache can be quite severe, requiring invasive therapy (ie, epidural blood patch). Sumatriptan has been used successfully in patients with postdural puncture headache, however, its use has not been investigated in a controlled fashion. Methods.–Ten patients with postdural puncture headache presenting for an epidural blood patch were given either saline or sumatriptan subcutaneously. The severity of the headache was evaluated at baseline and 1 hour following injection. If the headache remained severe, an epidural blood patch was performed. Results.–Only one patient in each group received relief from the injection. Conclusions.–We do not recommend sumatriptan in patients who have exhausted conservative management of postdural puncture headache.
Assessing the Risks and Benefits of Step-Down Asthma Care: A Case-Based Approach

Guidelines have called for pharmacologic stepped care to improve asthma treatment. Therapeutic options which have been approved provide physicians and their patients alternatives for stepping up asthma treatment to achieve control. However, few studies have been performed to identify and characterize procedures for optimal stepping-down treatment in patients with asthma. The resulting uncertainty as well as a lack of prioritization for asthma reassessment once control has been maintained has led to a lack of well-defined procedures for stepping down asthma treatment. However, recent studies provide guidance regarding the risks of stepping down asthma medications. This review uses case-based examples to demonstrate how health care providers may engage patients in discussions regarding guideline recommendations to promote individualized asthma care.
User interface evaluation by novices

This study examines the extent to which novice computing students with minimal computer science coursework and no training in user interface (UI) evaluation consider UI concepts such as usability, user experience, and the context in which software will be used when evaluating an interface. In analyzing the responses of 149 novice computer science students who were asked to evaluate two interfaces for converting temperatures between Fahrenheit and Celsius, we observed that students generally considered usability and user experience factors, but were less likely to consider context. For educators, this exact task could be given to a class in order to initiate discussion of user-centered design; the study also provides a framework for structuring the discussion. More generally, the results of this study provide insight into some opportunities and challenges in teaching good interface design and evaluation skills.
Inversion of Time-Lapse Electric Potential Data to Estimate Fracture Connectivity in Geothermal Reservoirs

An inverse modeling approach was developed to characterize fracture connectivity in geothermal reservoirs using an injection of a conductive fluid and time-lapse electric potential measurements. Discrete fracture networks with sparsely connected fractures were modeled and a flow simulator was used to solve electric fields as a conductive tracer flows through the fracture networks. The electric potential difference between well pairs drops progressively in time as the conductive fluid fills interconnected fractures along paths from the injector toward the producer. Therefore, the fractional connected area of reservoirs could be estimated using inverse modeling to match the response to other fracture networks by comparing time histories of the electric potential. This method was compared to estimating fractional connected area using tracer return curves alone and the study showed that locations of connected areas were estimated better using the electric potential approach. A sensitivity analysis was performed to study the effect of fractional connected area on time-lapse electric potential and tracer return data. The study verified the advantages of using electric potential measurements instead of only the tracer return curves.
A Circular Wire Antenna for Ultra Wideband Applications

A novel circular wire antenna suitable for ultra wideband (UWB) applications is presented in this paper. It consists of a circularly curved wire over a ground plane. The wire structure is designed to deliver approximately the same benefits as a circular disc antenna. Effective length is introduced to analyze the operation of the antenna. Experimental results of the antenna have demonstrated the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a return loss of less than -6 dB. This antenna provides omm-directional radiation patterns consistently over the operating frequencies. Further more, transient response of the antenna is measured to validate the suitability for UWB communication.
New neural network control technique for non-model based robot manipulator control

In this paper a new neural network (NN) control technique for non-model based PD control of robot manipulators are proposed. The main difference between the proposed technique and the existing feedback error learning (FEL) technique of Kawato et al. is that compensation of robot dynamics uncertainties is done outside the control loop by modifying the desired input trajectory. By using different NN training signals, two NN control algorithms are developed. One is comparable to that in the FEL technique and the another involves the Jacobian of the PD controlled robot dynamic system. Performances of both controllers with different trajectories and PD controller gains are examined and compared with that of the FEL controller. It is shown that the new control technique is superior.
Student Learning With Concept Mapping of Care Plans in Community-Based Education

Concept mapping, a learning strategy used to understand key concepts and relationships between concepts, has been suggested as a method to plan and evaluate nursing care. The purpose of this study was to empirically test the effectiveness of concept mapping for student learning and the students' satisfaction with the strategy. A quasi-experimental pre- and posttest design was used to examine the content of concept maps of care plans constructed by junior-level baccalaureate students (n = 23) at the beginning and end of a community-based mental health course. Additionally, students completed a questionnaire to self-evaluate their learning and report their satisfaction with concept mapping. Findings indicated that concept mapping significantly improved students' abilities to see patterns and relationships to plan and evaluate nursing care, and most students (21/23) expressed satisfaction in using the strategy. This study supported concept mapping as an additional learning strategy and has extended knowledge in community-based nursing education.
Distinct abscisic acid signaling pathways for modulation of guard cell versus mesophyll cell potassium channels revealed by expression studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes

Regulation of guard cell ion transport by abscisic acid (ABA) and in particular ABA inhibition of a guard cell inward K(+) current (I(Kin)) is well documented. However, little is known concerning ABA effects on ion transport in other plant cell types. Here we applied patch clamp techniques to mesophyll cell protoplasts of fava bean (Vicia faba cv Long Pod) plants and demonstrated ABA inhibition of an outward K(+) current (I(Kout)). When mesophyll cell protoplast mRNA (mesophyll mRNA) was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, I(Kout) was generated that displayed similar properties to I(Kout) observed from direct analysis of mesophyll cell protoplasts. I(Kout) expressed by mesophyll mRNA-injected oocytes was inhibited by ABA, indicating that the ABA signal transduction pathway observed in mesophyll cells was preserved in the frog oocytes. Co-injection of oocytes with guard cell protoplast mRNA and cRNA for KAT1, an inward K(+) channel expressed in guard cells, resulted in I(Kin) that was similarly inhibited by ABA. However, oocytes co-injected with mesophyll mRNA and KAT1 cRNA produced I(Kin) that was not inhibited by ABA. These results demonstrate that the mesophyll-encoded signaling mechanism could not substitute for the guard cell pathway. These findings indicate that mesophyll cells and guard cells use distinct and different receptor types and/or signal transduction pathways in ABA regulation of K(+) channels.
Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to normal and obstructed breathing during sleep

Schneider, H., C. D. Schaub, K. A. Andreoni, A. R. Schwartz, R. L. Smith, J. L. Robotham, and C. P. O’Donnell. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to normal and obstructed breathing during...
NIMBYs and LULUs: Stalking the Syndromes

The issue of public responses to technological risks has attracted attention from social and behavioral scientists, and also from policy spokespersons. Three main viewpoints can be discerned: the public as ignorant/irrational, selfish, and prudent. These three perspectives are different in their implications for policy as well as for empirical research, and it has often been easier to see the influence of policy preferences on the existing research literature than to see the influence of empirical research on policy debates. The ignorance/irrationality perspective, once widely held (particularly by policy spokespersons), has repeatedly failed to be supported by empirical research. The selfishness and prudence perspectives both change the focus from blaming the citizen opponents of technology to attempting to understand the differences between citizens and specialists, albeit using different explanations. We argue that a more fruitful approach may be to focus on understanding the broader system that creates such conflicts in the first place, and to seek greater balance in the frames of reference used in discussions.
Human driver model and sliding mode control - road tracking capability of the vehicle model

Autonomous vehicle has been one of the highly investigated topics in both academia and industry. A car that can drive without the driver's intervention changes not only the dynamics of the automobile industry but also everyday life of individuals. This paper demonstrates the road tracking capability of a steering controller that is designed based on a human driver model and a controller using a sliding mode control scheme. In addition, a controller that incorporates preview control into the sliding mode controller is introduced. Using a bicycle model and a linear lateral tire force model, performances of these controllers in a double lane change maneuver are evaluated through simulations. The results illustrate the characteristics and limitations of the controllers and provide a strong foundation for designing an effective road tracking controller for autonomous vehicle.
An efficient algorithm for data association in multitarget tracking

An efficient algorithm is developed to compute the a posteriori probabilities of the origins of measurements in the joint probabilistic data association filter (JPDAF). The inherited parallelism of this algorithm enables it to be suitable for implementation in a multiprocessor system. In this algorithm the a posteriori probability of the origin of each measurement in the JPDAF is decomposed into two parts. The computation of one part becomes trivial and the algorithm developed here is implemented on the other part, which is shown to be related to permanents. The computational complexity of this algorithm is analyzed in the worst case as well as in the average case. An analysis of this algorithm enables us to conclude that this algorithm is more efficient than other existing ones in the average case. >
Dating and eating. Beliefs about dating foods among university students

Dating is an important courtship activity in the U.S., and food consumption is part of dating events. Students use dating scripts to guide decisions and behaviors on dates, and perform scripts on dates to construct positive impression management. This study examined how students conceptualized dating foods. A questionnaire was administered in one large university class, and data from 301 students were analyzed. Students were asked to name three dating foods, three foods that are not dating foods, what makes foods dating foods, and what makes foods not dating foods. Findings revealed that both common and uncommon foods were named as dating and not dating foods. Alcoholic beverages were sometimes named as dating foods. Women often named feminine foods (considered appropriate for females) as dating foods, but men were not more likely to name masculine foods (considered appropriate for males) as dating foods. Neat and easy-to-eat foods were often named as dating foods, while pungent foods and foods causing bad breath were named as not dating foods. These findings support the conception that dating scripts guide thinking about food choices to enhance impression management. Dating food choices are important for current health and as potential precursors for long-term eating relationships like marriage.
Nonlinear particle kinematics of ocean waves

A fundamental relation is derived governing the Lagrangian kinematics of fluid particles on the surface of nonlinear ocean waves which may be known only stochastically. The horizontal trajectories of fluid particles on the free surface are shown to obey a pair of coupled nonlinear Ricatti-type ordinary differential equations driven by the temporal and spatial gradients of the free-surface elevation defined relative to an Eulerian frame. This equation is explicit in that it does not require the solution of a fully nonlinear potential flow free-surface problem and may be viewed as a deterministic or stochastic equation depending on the interpretation of the definition of the free-surface elevation. It is free of empirical corrections often used to estimate the particle kinematics above the calm water surface, is valid in potential flow and for waves of large steepness in two and three dimensions and in waters of all depths and may be used for the evaluation of the extreme unsteady loads exerted on surface piercing vertical circular cylinders by steep random waves.
Observations of unprecedented remissions following novel treatment for acute leukemia in children in 1948

Half a century ago, a diagnosis of leukemia in a child was considered a death sentence. Today, approximately 85% of children diagnosed with this once fatal disease are cured.1,2 The discovery that ushered in this dramatically transformed outlook was the observation by Sidney Farber (1903–1973) and his colleagues in Boston in 1948 that drugs that acted against the vitamin folic acid could produce remissions in children with acute leukemia.3 While carefully controlled studies were required to develop therapeutic regimens developed from these initial observations,4,5 the Farber article is featured in the James Lind Library because it is an example of a treatment effect that is so dramatic that bias can be confidently ruled out as an explanation for the observations.6 What led to the landmark findings in 1948, and what evidence was published subsequently confirming that a major advance in treatment had been discovered?
Mutant Cells Selected during Persistent Reovirus Infection Do Not Express Mature Cathepsin L and Do Not Support Reovirus Disassembly

Persistent reovirus infections of murine L929 cells select cellular mutations that inhibit viral disassembly within the endocytic pathway. Mutant cells support reovirus growth when infection is initiated with infectious subvirion particles (ISVPs), which are intermediates in reovirus disassembly formed following proteolysis of viral outer-capsid proteins. However, mutant cells do not support growth of virions, indicating that these cells have a defect in virion-to-ISVP processing. To better understand mechanisms by which viruses use the endocytic pathway to enter cells, we defined steps in reovirus replication blocked in mutant cells selected during persistent infection. Subcellular localization of reovirus after adsorption to parental and mutant cells was assessed using confocal microscopy and virions conjugated to a fluorescent probe. Parental and mutant cells did not differ in the capacity to internalize virions or distribute them to perinuclear compartments. Using pH-sensitive probes, the intravesicular pH was determined and found to be equivalent in parental and mutant cells. In both cell types, virions localized to acidified intracellular organelles. The capacity of parental and mutant cells to support proteolysis of reovirus virions was assessed by monitoring the appearance of disassembly intermediates following adsorption of radiolabeled viral particles. Within 2 h after adsorption to parental cells, proteolysis of viral outer-capsid proteins was observed, consistent with formation of ISVPs. However, in mutant cells, no proteolysis of viral proteins was detected up to 8 h postadsorption. Since treatment of cells with E64, an inhibitor of cysteine-containing proteases, blocks reovirus disassembly, we used immunoblot analysis to assess the expression of cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease. In contrast to parental cells, mutant cells did not express the mature, proteolytically active form of the enzyme. The defect in cathepsin L maturation was not associated with mutations in procathepsin L mRNA, was not complemented by procathepsin L overexpression, and did not affect the maturation of cathepsin B, another lysosomal cysteine protease. These findings indicate that persistent reovirus infections select cellular mutations that affect the maturation of cathepsin L and suggest that alterations in the expression of lysosomal proteases can modulate viral cytopathicity.
Ambassadress and Glue

The legal secretary may be the most important cog in the law office. She is the firm's ambassadress to the world and the administrative glue that keeps the office together.While the attorney's time is spent on completing the appropriate forms for legal pleadings, preparing and presenting a case in court, building good client relations, and managing a law office, the legal secretary has virtually an equally important role in the practice of law. So care must be taken in the training of the legal secretary.Attorneys must recognize the role of legal secretaries in the law firm and just how they can contribute-or destroy- a practice. Imagine what your law office would be like without them.
The Military Rape Subculture Hypothesis

The following chapter will outline the political climate that has surrounded military sexual assault since the 1980s and the “episodic amnesia” and “attitudinal virus” that the military unwillingly participates in around the issue of military sexual trauma. The chapter explores the culture of the military, and the author hypothesizes a “military rape subculture” that exists within the more dominant military structure. Theories of aggressive masculinity, military law, military training academies, and the concept of the “military family” can create a subculture of rapists within the ranks and how the military culture consistently fails to protect those that are victimized.
Horticultural potential of Nyssa biflora Walt. (swamp tupelo)

v CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Thesis Organization 1 Literature Review – Nomenclature of N. biflora and N. sylvatica 1 Literature Review – Life History Traits of N. biflora 3 Literature Review – Propagation of N. sylvatica 4 Literature Review – Germination Inhibitors of Fruit Pulp 5 Literature Review – Responses of Plants to Water Stress 6 Literature Review – Responses of N. biflora and N. sylvatica to Water Stress 8 Literature Cited 11 CHAPTER 2. PRETREATMENT EFFECTS ON SEED GERMINATION OF TWO NYSSA SPECIES 19 Abstract 19 Introduction 20 Materials and Methods 22 Results 26 Discussion 29 Literature Cited 32 CHAPTER 3. NYSSA BIFLORA IS MORE RESISTANT TO WATER STRESS THAN NYSSA SYLVATICA 44 Abstract 44 Introduction 45 Materials and Methods 47 Results 49 Discussion 51 Literature Cited 55 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 66 Future Research 67 Literature Cited 67 APPENDIX 1. PHOTOS FROM WATER-STRESS EXPERIMENT 71
Futures Friendly Derivatives: A Fix for the OTC Derivatives Mess, Replacing the Government’s $ 1 Trillion Subsidy of Large Bank Dealing.

This note presents an easily implemented, inexpensive, private sector innovation, a futures-friendly derivative (FFD) intended to compete with the unnecessarily credit-risky, dealer-traded, over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, and their clumsy, expensive, government-mandated clearing counter-parties (OTC CCPs.) The FFD may be traded and cleared as though it were a futures contract. Perhaps, if successful, it will ultimately end OTC CCP’s systemically important classification, reducing our more than $1 trillion estimate of the implicit government debt created by OTC CCPs.Following the Introduction’s brief description of the proposed instruments and their purpose, section two explains the source of the OTC derivative markets’ inefficiency. Section three accounts for some of the damage done. Section four describes the new instruments. The final section concludes the note.
Supply chain integration and innovation in a global environment: case studies of best business practices

The two companies showcased in supply chain integration include Mondolez International, which operates within the consumer packaged goods industry; and Braskem, a global company headquartered in Brazil and an industry leader in creating thermoplastic resins. Thermoplastic resin is a polymer that is a main ingredient in plastics. Both companies operate globally and both companies use their supply chain methods to attempt to gain a competitive advantage within their industry. We will take a look into the quality controls that are employed within their supply chains and look at different techniques that they use to uphold their quality standards. The methods that will be mentioned are through the use of Six Sigma Methodology and processes and lean manufacturing, which are both used by many Fortune 500 global companies. The impact of implementing a SCM program from a financial perspective was reviewed.
IKSOEP? Laten we even roeren voor we gaan eten

Collega Norg onderstreept het belang van het SOEP-systeem, maar geeft ook aan dat het hoog tijd is voor uitbreiding. Reden: de gezondheidszorg verandert en dit zorgt voor nieuwe informatie die niet in de SOEP-structuur past. Hij stelt voor om de SOEP-structuur uit te breiden met twee regels, namelijk een I-regel voor het noteren van de Ingangsklacht, de reden van komst of de aanleiding voor het consult, en met een K-regel voor de Kern van het consult, het doel of de hulpvraag.
Levels Of Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, And Plasma Progestin During Microdose Chlormadinone Treatment *

Results of daily LH FSH progestin and basal body temperature measurements in 6 women for one normal menstrual cycle and 1 or 2 cycles while taking .5 mg chlormadinone acetate continuously are presented as individual graphs. Gonadotropins were assessed by double antibody radioimmunoassay and progestin by petroleum-ether extraction. In the 6 women 3 treatment cycles were definitely ovulatory as judged by LH curve luteal progestin levels and temperature rise. 6 cycles were classed as nonovulatory although equivocal temperature rise or low LH surges were present in some. 2 cycles were questionable.
Retreats for Improved Library Management: The Basics

This article discusses the importance of library staff taking the time to attend a retreat in order to tackle the problems they currently face. Mr. Torres explains the purpose behind a retreat and the various types of retreats that may be utilized depending on the specific needs of the library. The author goes on to explain how best to plan such a retreat and also recommends post-retreat activities.
Synergism of Resmethrin in the House Fly

Laboratory selection of Musca domestica L. by a combination of residual treatments and topical applications with resmethrin resulted in 124-fold resistance over the original field collected strain after 22 generations. Piperonyl butoxide or GA-4-282 (2,6-dichlorobenzyl-2-propynyl ether) markedly increased the toxicity of resmethrin to this strain but were only slightly effective against susceptible flies. Neither synergist altered the resmethrin knockdown rates for either strain when added to the toxicant at a ratio of 1:1; an increase in the proportion of the synergist (1:5) adversely affected knockdown. The synergists prevented the knockdown recovery of resistant flies that occurred when resmethrin was applied alone.
DIABETES MELLITUS IS A CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD) RISK EQUIVALENT FOR PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE AND CAROTID ARTERY STENOSIS

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is associated with significantly increased risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and carotid artery stenosis (CAS). Guidelines have classified DM as a coronary artery disease (CAD) risk equivalent. Whether DM is a CVD risk equivalent for vascular disease phenotypes such as
Internal Colonialism, Federalism and Alternative State Development Strategies

"Development" is a concept that is being used nowadays with as much caution as "modernization" was five or six years ago. The unease, or at least public display of sensitivity, that social scientists and policy makers are exhibiting reflects a certain unsureness about the criteria for measuring ameliorative change. It also suggests in some quarters a growing awarenss of the ironies of change-that what was deemed ameliorating now has been shown to be detrimental to the general populace, if not to the elites, of the allegedly developing country. Even observers skeptical of dependency theorists' formulations have come to acknowledge that growing GNP can rise in tandem with a widening gap between a country's rich and poor, that advances in a country's export earnings can lock it ever more tightly into reliance on raw commodity production and that the spread of education can promote distortive consumerism and eventually dependence on foreign bank loans to cover imbalances of payments.