cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Cultural Practices and Cultivar Resistance to Manage Phytophthora Crown Rot on Summer Squash

The effects of bed height, mulches, composted poultry litter, and cultivars on Phytophthora crown rot, caused by Phytophthora capsici Leonian, of summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) were evaluated in the absence of fungicide applications. The experimental design was a split-split-split plot arrangement of a randomized complete block. Bed height (flat or raised) was the main plot treatment. Mulches (bare soil, wheat straw, or plastic) were subplot treatments. Composted poultry litter applications (0 or 4.5 tha L1 ) were sub-subplot treatments. Squash cultivars (Cougar or Payroll) were sub- sub-subplot treatments. Incidence of plant death (%)was assessed from 0to 35 days post- inoculation (dpi) with P. capsici. Plant death 35 dpi and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC)differed significantly (P < 0.0001) between the cultivars Cougar and Payroll. Mean plant death 35 dpi was 87% for 'Payroll' and 99% for 'Cougar'. The bed height · cultivar interaction was also significant (P = 0.0018) in the analyses of variance for plant deathand AUDPC. Plant deathat 35 dpiand AUDPC for 'Payroll' were greater in flat beds than raised beds. Disease was unaffected by the main effects of bed height, mulch type, or application of poultry litter. Thirty-two summer squash cultivars and 10 germplasm accessions were also evaluated for resistance to Phytophthora crown rot in a separate greenhouse trial. Crown rot severity was rated on a 1 (no symptoms) to 5 (plant death) scale at 18 dpi. Crown rot severity differed significantly (P < 0.0001) among cultivars and germplasm accessions. Crown rot severity averaged 4.3 on commercial cultivars and 2.2 ongermplasm accessions. Crownrot was least severe onthe commercial cultivar Spineless Beauty (mean rating = 2.9). No disease developed on four accessions of Cucurbita moschata previously reported to be crown rot-resistant.
Illness understanding in patients with advanced lung cancer

9515 Background: Accurate understanding of prognosis among terminally-ill patients impacts decision-making at the end of life. The goal of this study was to explore illness understanding in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: As part of a larger randomized study of integrated versus standard palliative care in an ambulatory thoracic oncology clinic, we recruited 120 patients within eight weeks of diagnosis of incurable NSCLC with a performance status of 0–2. Prior to randomization, patients completed questionnaires on quality of life (FACT-L) and mood (HADS), as well as the following items regarding illness understanding: 1) “My cancer is curable” (yes/no); “The goals of my therapy are: to help me live longer” (yes/no), “try to make me feel better” (yes/no), “to get rid of all my cancer” (yes/no); and 3) “My current health status is: relatively healthy, seriously but not terminally ill, or seriously and terminally ill”). Results: Approximately one third of patients (n=39/11...
Characterization of Shape and Deformation of Tympanic Membranes by Dual-wavelength Lensless Digital Holography

We are developing an advanced computer-controlled digital optoelectronic holographic system (DOEHS) with the ability to measure both shape and acoustically induced deformations of the tympanic membrane of several species, including humans. The DOEHS consists of laser delivery (LD), optical head (OH), and computing platform (CP) subsystems. The LD subsystem houses two tunable near-infrared laser sources, an acoustic modulator to enable stroboscopic illumination, and laser-to-fiber mechanisms to couple light into one single mode polarization maintaining fiber. The output of the LD subsystem is delivered into the OH subsystem through the polarized maintaining fiber (PM), which is arranged to perform imaging and measurements by phase-shifting lensless digital holography. A high-resolution digital camera, contained within the OH subsystem, is used for image recording at high-rates while the CP subsystem acquires and processes images in either time-averaged or double-exposure holographic modes. Shape measurements are performed by double-exposure mode with a different laser source used in each one of the exposures whereas deformation measurements are obtained by using a single laser source. We present preliminary results of our investigations of acoustically induced motions on tympanic membrane and the transfer of these motions to the ossicular chain, including results on sample preparation for measurements with the DOEHS.
Perceptions of Campus Climates for Civic Learning as Predictors of College Students’ Mental Health

AbstractThis study explored whether three broad areas promoted students’ mental health: perceptions of the climate related to civic learning, experiences on campus, and civic engagement. Campus cli...
Varieties of Transformational Solutions to Institutional Ethics Logic Conflicts

It is well established within the ethics and institutional theory literatures that institutions can have conflicting logics with ethical dimensions and that there are solutions to the conflicts. Within institutional, ethics, and change leadership theory, quantitative, mixture solutions such as distributive solutions have been frequently considered. The ethics, institutional, and change leadership theory literatures have recognized that there are qualitative transformational solutions that are different than quantitative mixture solutions. However and for the most part, with the notable exception of the Thornton et al. (Am J Sociol, 105(3):801–843, 2012) typology of solutions, the institutional, change leadership, and ethics literatures have not considered typologies of transformational solutions. And more specifically with respect to this article, the institutional, change leadership, and ethics literatures have not considered different types of transformational solutions to institutional logic conflicts with ethical dimensions. This article: (1) develops a typology of transformational solutions; (2) applies the typology with historical examples of conflicting institutional ethics logics within factory, cultural, and institutional social change leadership cases; and, (3) considers practical and theoretical implications for institutional ethics change leadership for achieving and/or resisting different types of transformational solutions.
Curious about Pesticide Action

The safe and effective use of pesticides requires knowledge of their mode of action in pests and adverse effects in nontarget organisms coupled with an understanding of their metabolic activation and detoxification. The author and his laboratory colleagues were privileged to observe, participate in, and sometimes influence these developments for the past six decades. This review considers contributions of the Berkeley and Madison laboratories to understanding insecticides acting at voltage-gated sodium and GABA-gated chloride channels and the nicotinic receptor and at serine hydrolases and other targets as well as the action of insecticide synergists and selected herbicides and fungicides. Some of the discoveries gave new probes, radioligands, photoaffinity labeling reagents, and understanding of reactive intermediates that changed the course of pesticide investigations and related areas of science. The importance of coupling mode of action with metabolism and design with serendipity is illustrated with a...
Pediatric Therapeutic Apheresis: A Critical Appraisal of Evidence

Apheresis technology has progressed significantly over the last 50-60 years from a predominately blood donation-based procedure to one that now includes a variety of therapeutic modalities. The last 25 years also has seen an increase in the number of diseases treated by therapeutic apheresis (TA) modalities. Because of ethical considerations, therapeutic modalities are often vetted first in adult populations before establishing utility in pediatric patients. TA is no different. The majority of published studies involve adult patients. Pediatric apheresis studies are traditionally retrospective, single-center experiences, single case reports, or case series. To confirm this, we evaluated the peer-reviewed published literature to assess the level of evidence of clinical pediatric apheresis studies published in the last 21 years. Adverse events experienced by pediatric patients undergoing TA procedures and procedural modifications necessary to accommodate pediatric patients receiving TA were also explored. Consideration was given to differences in disease outcomes in pediatric vs adult patients and evolution of TA treatment indications. A systematic search of the literature yielded >1000 pediatric apheresis publications. Only 370 articles specifically assessed TA in the treatment of a pediatric disease. Of those, the majority (98%) were single-center experiences, single case reports, or case series. The remaining 2% were prospective cohort studies or randomized controlled trials. This first formal assessment of the pediatric apheresis literature confirms the findings of previous anecdotal reports and expert opinion.
Brexit, Global Cities, and the Future of World Order

AbstractThe emergence and role of global cities provide a rubric by which we can understand Brexit and illuminate the present tensions between those who favor open economic policies and those who favor closed economic policies. Economic inequality, political disenfranchisement, and social exclusion at the regional level are now driving a fresh interrogation of the relatively open world order that requires global cities—sites densely populated with institutions necessary for orchestrating global economic activity. While questions about the legitimacy of economic openness may undermine the economic output, political power, and cultural influence of global cities, those same cities may, if they harness economic output for broader regional benefits, demonstrate the potential of an alternative and newly legitimate open world order.
AphasiaWeb: development and evaluation of an aphasia-friendly social networking application

ABSTRACTBackground: Individuals with aphasia are at risk for social isolation, given physical, attitudinal, environmental, and communication constraints. Social networking platforms may be one means to connect individuals with aphasia with others with aphasia and family or friends without aphasia. Individuals with aphasia express a desire to engage with others using technologies such as social networking.Aims: Examine the posting patterns of individuals with aphasia in an aphasia-friendly social networking application (AphasiaWeb), as they interact with other individuals with aphasia. Identify participant feedback on interface design at pre-development, in response to prototype version, and after a 2-month trial period.Methods & Procedures: Interdisciplinary developers including speech-language pathologists, computer scientists, and individuals with aphasia designed and implemented an aphasia-friendly social networking application (AphasiaWeb) by altering the interface to facilitate participation and comm...
Down-Regulation of RNA 3'-Terminal Phosphate Cyclase Attenuates Toll-Like Receptor 3-Mediated Axonal Loss in the Retina and Optic Nerve.

Purpose To investigate the role of RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase (Rtca) in Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-mediated loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Methods Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]) or PBS was injected into the vitreous humor of C57BL/6J and Tlr3 knockout mice. C57BL/6J mouse eyes were treated with Rtca silencing RNA or control RNA, with or without PBS or Poly(I:C). At 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatments, RGC loss was determined with the brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3a antibody, and axonal loss was assessed by using the neuronal class III beta-tubulin (Tuj1) antibody. Axonal loss in the optic nerves was determined by anterograde-labeling of Cholera Toxin B. Western blot assays were performed to determine TLR3, Rtca, c-jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3), and phospho-JNK3 (pJNK3) levels, and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to determine the cells that synthesize Rtca. Results Poly(I:C) significantly up-regulated the protein levels of TLR3, Rtca, JNK3, and pJNK3 in the retina. Rtca levels were increased in RGCs, and an increase in Rtca levels promoted significant loss of RGCs and their axons. In Tlr3 knockout mouse retinas, Poly(I:C) failed to elevate Rtca, JNK3, and pJNK3 protein levels and did not promote significant axonal loss. Also, Rtca silencing RNA down-regulated Rtca, JNK3, and pJNK3 in C57BL/6J mouse retinas, and down-regulation of Rtca attenuated Poly(I:C)-mediated loss of RGCs and their axons. Conclusions The results presented in this study show that the activation of TLR3 promotes the loss of RGCs and their axons by elevating Rtca levels in the retina. Also, the results presented in this study show that Rtca regulates JNK3 expression in the retina.
Photosensitizer dosimetry controlled PDT treatment planning reduces inter-individual variability in response to PDT

Effective Photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatment depends on the amount of active photosensitizer and the delivered light in the targeting tissue. For the same PDT treatment protocol, variation in photosensitizer uptake between animals induces variation in the treatment response between animals. This variation can be compensated via control of delivered light dose through photodynamic dose escalation based on online dosimetry of photosensitizer in the animal. The subcutaneous MAT-LyLu Dunning prostate tumor model was used in this study. Photosensitizer BPD-MA uptake was quantified by multiple fluorescence micro-probe measurements at 3 hours after verteporfin administration. PDT irradiation was carried out after photosensitizer uptake measurement with a total light dose of 75 J/cm2 and a light dose rate of 50 mW/cm2. Therapeutic response of PDT treatments was evaluated by the tumor regrowth assay. Verteporfin uptake varied considerably among tumors (inter-tumor variation 56% standard deviation) and within a tumor (largest intra-tumor variation 64%). An inverse correlation was found between mean photosensitizer intensity and PDT treatment effectiveness (R2 = 37.3%, p < 0.005). In order to compensate individual PDT treatments, photodynamic doses were calculated on an individual animal basis, by matching the light delivered to provide an equal photosensitizer dose multiplied by light dose. This was completed for the lower-quartile, mean and upper-quartile of the photosensitizer distribution. The coefficient of variance in the surviving fraction decreased from 24.9% in non-compensated PDT (NC-PDT) treatments to 16.0%, 14.0% and 15.9% in groups compensated to the lower-quartile (CL-PDT), the median (CM-PDT) and the upper-quartile (CU-PDT), respectively. In terms of treatment efficacy, the CL-PDT group was significantly less effective compared with NC-PDT, CM-PDT and CU-PDT treatments (p < 0.005). No significant difference in effectiveness was observed between NC-PDT, CM-PDT and CU-PDT. The results indicate that by measuring the mean photosensitizer concentration prior to light treatment, and then adjusting the light dose appropriately, a more uniform treatment can be applied to different animals thereby reducing the inter-individual variation in the treatment outcome.
Nonlinear Metric Learning for Semi-Supervised Learning via Coherent Point Drifting

In this paper, we propose a nonlinear metric learning framework to boost the performance of semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms. Constructed on top of Laplacian SVM (LapSVM), the proposed method learns a smooth nonlinear feature space transformation that makes the input data points more linearly separable. Coherent point drifting (CPD) is utilized as the geometric model with the consideration of its remarkable expressive power in generating sophisticated yet smooth deformations. Our framework has broad applicability, and it can be integrated with many other SSL classifiers than LapSVM. Experiments performed on synthetic and real world datasets show the effectiveness of our CPD-LapSVM over the state-of-the-art metric learning solutions in SSL.
The Time-Dependent Variational Principal in Quantum Mechanics and Its Application

Abstract This account of the time-dependent variational principle is presented in memory of Per-Olov Lowdin on the occasion of the centenary of his birth. The material presented here has been published as part of a book chapter, 1 and is reintroduced here in recognition of Lowdin's interest in this topic. 2 Also the importance of the use of coherent state parameters as functions of time is emphasized, as well as the connection to the electron nuclear dynamics (END) theory. 3
Combining Oncolytic Virotherapy with p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Therapy

Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy utilizes replication-competent viruses to kill cancer cells, leaving non-malignant cells unharmed. With the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved OV, dozens of clinical trials ongoing, and an abundance of translational research in the field, OV therapy is poised to be one of the leading treatments for cancer. A number of recombinant OVs expressing a transgene for p53 (TP53) or another p53 family member (TP63 or TP73) were engineered with the goal of generating more potent OVs that function synergistically with host immunity and/or other therapies to reduce or eliminate tumor burden. Such transgenes have proven effective at improving OV therapies, and basic research has shown mechanisms of p53-mediated enhancement of OV therapy, provided optimized p53 transgenes, explored drug-OV combinational treatments, and challenged canonical roles for p53 in virus-host interactions and tumor suppression. This review summarizes studies combining p53 gene therapy with replication-competent OV therapy, reviews preclinical and clinical studies with replication-deficient gene therapy vectors expressing p53 transgene, examines how wild-type p53 and p53 modifications affect OV replication and anti-tumor effects of OV therapy, and explores future directions for rational design of OV therapy combined with p53 gene therapy.
Auditory: Auditory/Somatosensory Interactions

Abstract This article covers the convergence of auditory and somatosensory information at various levels of the auditory nervous system, from the brainstem and midbrain to the cortex. In the auditory cortex, multisensory neurons are found in the border regions surrounding the auditory cortex, and are capable of integrating information from each modality. Similarly, the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus plays a predominant role in integrating somatosensory and auditory inputs, as do the shell regions of the cochlear nucleus that surround the core regions. Examples of anatomical convergence to each of these areas from somatosensory nuclei are provided as well as physiological descriptions of how this information is integrated.
BdVRN1 Expression Confers Flowering Competency and Is Negatively Correlated with Freezing Tolerance in Brachypodium distachyon.

Vernalization is an essential process by which many temperate plant species acquire competence for flowering. Brachypodium distachyon is a model plant for temperate grasses including many cool-season forage and turfgrasses and cereals. Grasses with spring growth habit do not require vernalization for flowering and are typically less winter hardy. Yet the connection between vernalization and freezing tolerance remain unclear. The diverse requirement of vernation for flowering make it an ideal choice for studying the relationship between vernalization and freezing tolerance. Here, we isolated and analyzed the spatial and temporal expression patterns of two vernalization related homologous genes, BdVRN1 and BdVRN3 in Bd21, a non-vernalization- requiring accession, and Bd29-1, an accession shown to be vernalization-requiring. We showed that expression of BdVRN1 and BdVRN3 is independent of vernalization in Bd21, but is vernalization dependent in Bd29-1. Moreover, vernalization- induced expression of BdVRN1 appears to precede that of BdVRN3 in Bd29-1. Bd21 RNAi knockdown mutants for BdVRN1 conferred vernalization requirement for flowering, and reduced the expression of BdVRN3. Both Bd29-1 and the BdVRN1 RNAi mutants of Bd21 exhibited reduced freezing tolerance upon vernalization treatment. Cold responsive genes BdCBF2, BdCBF3, BdCBF5, BdCBF6, and BdDREB2A were all constitutively expressed at a high level in the BdVRN1 RNAi mutants of Bd21. Taken together, our results suggest that expression of BdVRN1 promotes flowering by upregulating BdVRN3, and gaining the competency for flowering reduces freezing tolerance in Brachypodium.
The buried dermal pennant stitch for the correction of symmastia following breast reduction

Symmastia is a difficult surgical problem to correct. Symmastia has various etiologies and can occur following reduction mammoplasty. Techniques previously described have been criticized for their limited success due to temporary results, inadequate correction, or creation of secondary deformities. In this study, we present a novel approach to correct symmastia in a patient who developed the deformity following reduction mammoplasty. The technique described uses a buried dermal pennant suture, local advancement flaps, and liposuction to correct the symmastia and improve medial breast contour. We believe this technique provides adequate and long-term correction of symmastia in the breast reduction patient and avoids the shortcomings of previously described approaches. Level of Evidence: Level V, therapeutic study
Challenging fat talk: An experimental investigation of reactions to body disparaging conversations

Although "fat talk" is associated with increased eating disorder risk, the predictors of fat talk engagement and viable alternatives to these pervasive conversations remain unclear. The current experiment examined responses to fat talk versus feminist-oriented challenging fat talk scenarios. Undergraduate women (N=283) completed baseline questionnaires assessing body dissatisfaction, fat talk engagement, and positive impression management. One week later, they were randomized to view one of the two scenarios, followed by assessment of mood, fat talk engagement, social acceptability, and social likeability. Results indicated that the challenging fat talk vignette (versus the fat talk vignette) yielded less negative affect and fat talk and was perceived as more socially attractive with a more likeable target character. Baseline body dissatisfaction, baseline fat talk tendencies, and momentary negative affect predicted post-exposure fat talk engagement. Current findings highlight possibilities for implementing feminist language and psychoeducation in fat talk prevention efforts.
Gamete and Embryo Technology | Sexed Offspring

Humans have sought to predetermine the sex of offspring since the earliest domestication of livestock. Sex preselection in mammals can be achieved now either by sexing embryos and discarding those of the unwanted sex, or by sexing sperm prior to fertilization. The first success in predetermining sex with bovine embryos involved karyotyping of cells obtained via biopsy of preimplantation embryos. Much faster and more accurate sexing of embryo biopsies became possible using the polymerase chain reaction. Recent advances in sperm sexing technology have provided an accurate, efficient, and less wasteful means of predetermining the sex of offspring of mammals. These advances in embryo and semen sexing technologies for cattle now provide accurate and efficient methods for predetermining the sex of offspring on a commercial basis. Embryo sexing will likely be replaced by semen sexing. It is likely to be relegated to the status of relegating it a quality control procedure and is likely to cease to be a production entity.
Participation, Democracy and Development: Some Comparative Lessons from Brazil, India and South Africa

This paper argues that in thinking about the challenges of inclusive democratic development in the global south we need to refocus attention on effective citizenship, that is the actual capacity of citizens to make use of formal political and civic rights. Empirically this calls for closer analytic attention to the participatory dimensions of democracy and specifically to an examination of the political and institutional conditions under which decentralized participatory governance can be promoted. The paper reviews research findings from ambitious reform projects in participatory governance in Brazil, India (Kerala) and South Africa and draws out some comparative lessons that highlight the complex interplay of political parties and civil society.
An analysis of the literature addressing tonsillectomy knowledge gaps

Abstract Importance The ability of clinical practice guidelines to improve patient outcomes depends on the quality of evidence that they are built upon. Research into tonsillectomy in children is lacking, and the gaps in evidence were identified by guideline authors. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the extent that new research is addressing the gaps identified in the AAO-HNS Tonsillectomy in Children Guideline. Design For each recommendation in the AAO-HNS guideline Tonsillectomy In Children, we created PICO (Participants, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions and search strings. PubMed was searched to locate studies undertaken after the final literature search performed by the AAO-HNS work group. These studies were then extracted and analyzed. Setting This study is relevant to all invested in focusing otolaryngological research on questions which currently lack strong evidence. Participants Trials in tonsillectomy that started after the development of the AAO-HNS clinical practice guidelines. Main outcome measures The main outcome measures of this study is the extent to which tonsillectomy research is addressing the evidence gaps listed in the clinical practice guideline. Results Of the 2519 studies included in our sample, 276 (11%) were relevant to the 18 recommendations made within the Tonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients clinical practice guideline. All but one of the recommendations was met by at least one study. Conclusions and Relevance: Our findings indicate that knowledge gaps within the guideline at publication may have since been addressed and a guideline update may thus be warranted. Level of evidence NA.
Spin-Orbit Torques in Heavy-Metal-Ferromagnet Bilayers with Varying Strengths of Interfacial Spin-Orbit Coupling

Despite intense efforts it has remained unresolved whether and how interfacial spin-orbit coupling (ISOC) affects spin transport across heavy-metal (HM)--ferromagnet (FM) interfaces. Here we report conclusive experiment evidence that the ISOC at HM/FM interfaces is the dominant mechanism for ``spin memory loss''. An increase in ISOC significantly reduces, in a linear manner, the dampinglike spin-orbit torque (SOT) exerted on the FM layer via degradation of the spin transparency of the interface for spin currents generated in the HM. In addition, the fieldlike SOT is also dominated by the spin Hall contribution of the HM and decreases with increasing ISOC. This work reveals that ISOC at HM/FM interfaces should be minimized to advance efficient SOT devices through atomic layer passivation of the HM/FM interface or other means.
National lung cancer screening utilization trends in the Veterans Health Administration.

6547Background: Low-dose CT (LDCT) is an effective means for early lung cancer detection, but is often underutilized. An estimated 900,000 Veterans are eligible for lung cancer screening. We are th...
Dark and luminous satellites of LMC-mass galaxies in the FIRE simulations

Author(s): Jahn, ED; Sales, LV; Wetzel, A; Boylan-Kolchin, M; Chan, TK; El-Badry, K; Lazar, A; Bullock, JS | Abstract: Within lambda cold dark matter (CDM), dwarf galaxies like the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are expected to host numerous dark matter subhaloes, several of which should host faint dwarf companions. Recent Gaia proper motions confirm new members of the LMC system in addition to the previously known SMC, including two classical dwarf galaxies (M∗ g 105 M; Carina and Fornax) as well as several ultrafaint dwarfs (Car2, Car3, Hor1, and Hyd1). We use the Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) simulations to study the dark and luminous (down to ultrafaint masses, M∗ ∼6×103 M) substructure population of isolated LMC-mass hosts (M200m = 1–3×1011 M) and place the Gaia + DES results in a cosmological context. By comparing number counts of subhaloes in simulations with and without baryons, we find that, within 0.2 r200m, LMC-mass hosts deplete ∼30 per cent of their substructure, significantly lower than the ∼70 per cent of substructure depleted by Milky Way (MW) mass hosts. For our highest resolution runs (mbary = 880 M), ∼ 5–10 subhaloes form galaxies with M∗ ≥ 104 M , in agreement with the seven observationally inferred pre-infall LMC companions. However, we find steeper simulated luminosity functions than observed, hinting at observation incompleteness at the faint end. The predicted DM content for classical satellites in FIRE agrees with observed estimates for Carina and Fornax, supporting the case for an LMC association. We predict that tidal stripping within the LMC potential lowers the inner dark matter density of ultrafaint companions of the LMC. Thus, in addition to their orbital consistency, the low densities of dwarfs Car2, Hyd1, and Hyd2 reinforce their likelihood of Magellanic association.
Rectification of Arithmetic Circuits with Craig Interpolants in Finite Fields

When formal verification of arithmetic circuits identifies the presence of a bug in the design, the task of rectification needs to be performed to correct the function implemented by the circuit so that it matches the given specification. In our recent work [26], we addressed the problem of rectification of buggy finite field arithmetic circuits. The problems are formulated by means of a set of polynomials (ideals) and solutions are proposed using concepts from computational algebraic geometry. Single-fix rectification is addressed – i.e. the case where any set of bugs can be rectified at a single net (gate output). We determine if single-fix rectification is possible at a particular net, formulated as the Weak Nullstellensatz test and solved using Grobner bases. Subsequently, we introduce the concept of Craig interpolants in polynomial algebra over finite fields and show that the rectification function can be computed using algebraic interpolants. This article serves as an extension to our previous work, provides a formal definition of Craig interpolants in finite fields using algebraic geometry and proves their existence. We also describe the computation of interpolants using elimination ideals with Grobner bases and prove that our procedure computes the smallest interpolant. As the Grobner basis algorithm exhibits high computational complexity, we further propose an efficient approach to compute interpolants. Experiments are conducted over a variety of finite field arithmetic circuits which demonstrate the superiority of our approach against SAT-based approaches.
Uncertainty Estimation Module for Turbulence Model Predictions in SU2

With the advent of improved computational resources, aerospace design has shifted from a testing-based process to a simulation-driven procedure, wherein uncertainties in design and operating condit...
A model-independent adaptive sequential sampling technique based on response nonlinearity estimation

Sequential adaptive sampling strategies attempt to efficiently and accurately generate surrogate model (SM) training datasets by limiting the number of required function evaluations. Among these techniques, those that are model independent have attracted attention during the last decade because they do not use a global SM to supervise the sampling process, thereby relieving the user from the burden of selecting an appropriate SM formulation at the beginning of the sampling process. In this study, we propose a new model-independent sequential adaptive sampling technique called nearest neighbors adaptive sampling (NNAS). The NNAS formulation introduces a refinement metric based on local linear models that leads to a quasilinear dependency of the algorithm complexity with respect to the number of samples. Additionally, the exploration-refinement balance is achieved by a stochastic Pareto-ranking-based selection criterion that attempts to simultaneously maximize both the exploration and refinement. NNAS is tested on ten two-dimensional and one ten-dimensional analytic functions, a five-dimensional engineering test case based on the XRotor solver (Drela and Youngren 2014), and a two-response two-dimensional analytic problem. The results show that NNAS is more computationally efficient than comparable methods without causing a relevant increase in sample requirement.
S17.2 Treatment of bacterial vaginosis: how, when and how much?

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a leading cause of symptomatic vaginitis in North American populations. BV is also associated with adverse reproductive health outcomes such as miscarriage, preterm birth, and increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment of this common disorder is mostly effective in the short term, but recurrence is common. Current treatment guidelines will be reviewed, as well as alternative regimens and treatments, some of which may not be FDA-approved for treating BV. This presentation will discuss the short and long term efficacy of recommended antibiotic treatment regimens, as well as alternative treatment and prevention strategies such as boric acid and probiotics. The role of treatment for prevention of adverse health outcomes will be reviewed. Predictors of treatment success will be discussed, and incorporated into practical advice for patients and treating providers. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Dynamic activity of human brain task-specific networks

A simple motor behaviour or a more complex behaviour is the result of the neural activity of those neural networks responsible for the behaviour. To understand how the network activity is transformed into human behaviours, it is necessary to identify task-specific networks and analyse the dynamic network activity that changes with time. Here we report a novel task-fMRI technique to identify task-specific networks and analyse their dynamic activity. Nine subjects participated in a task-fMRI study in which the subjects were cued to perform three different tasks of word-reading, pattern-viewing and finger-tapping. A functional area of unitary pooled activity (FAUPA) is defined as an area in which the temporal variation of the activity is the same across the entire area, and a task-associated FAUPA plays the role of a functional unit for the task. A novel method is presented to (1) identify FAUPAs that are associated with each task as well as their functional groupings; (2) identify the three task-specific networks; and (3) analyse the network activity from trial to trial. Task-associated FAUPAs were identified for each task and each subject. A task-specific large-scale neural network across the whole brain consisted of all FAUPAs that were activated each time the task was performed, and all three task-specific networks were identified for each individual subject. The temporal changes of activation and functional connectivity of the FAUPAs within each network from trial to trial characterized the dynamic activity of the network. The results demonstrated a one-to-one relation between the network activity and the task performance from trial to trial, offering a means of testing the causal relationship between network activity and human task performance by systematically manipulating task performance and measuring corresponding network activity change.
Research on the safety of the absorbed diphtheria, tetanus,and acellular pertusis combined vaccine(DTaP)

Objective To evaluate the safety of the absorbed diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertusis combined vaccine(DTaP),and provide the evidence for decision-making on National Immunization Program (NIP).Methods There were 3235 aged 3-5 months healthy children and 3198 aged 18-24 months healthy children in four counties in Zhejiang Province selected to immunize the DTaP according to the schedule of NIP.Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) for each vaccinated child was observed.Results The incidence rates of AEFI for three primary doses and one boost dose were 6.28％,6.39％,6.26％ and 14.57％,respectively.There was no statistical difference among the rates of 3 primary doses vaccinated children,and the rate of one boost dose vaccinated children was significant higher than the average rate(6.31％ ) of basic vaccinated children ( x2 =1049,P ＜ 0.01 ).Most of the AEFI happened in 30 minutes after vaccinated.The main clinical character were fever,tetter and pain.Most of the AEFI were mild.There were not any rare,sever AEFI or new AEFI detected.Conclusions The reported AEFIs for DTaP were mild in this study.DTaP have a good immunization safety. Key words: Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; Acellular vaccines; Safety
Association of Risk Factors with Receiving a Foot Check in People With Diabetes: NHANES 2013-2016.

Abstract Aims The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends annual foot examinations for those with diabetes. The factors related to who receives an annual examination is not completely understood. This study aims to identify factors that influence whether individuals with diabtes had their feet checked for sores or irritations. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), were analyzed to determine the factors that influence whether an annual foot check was performed. Results Participants with abnormal A1C (> 6.5%) had higher odds of having their feet checked compared to those with a normal A1C (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.61; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28–5.30). The presence of retinopathy (AOR = 2.76; 95% CI:1.13–6.73) or kidney disease (AOR = 2.37; 95% CI:1.11–5.03) also increased the odds of a foot check. Finally, the number of risk factors for diabetic complications was significantly associated with having a foot check when modeled as a continuous variable (AOR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.14–1.63). Conclusions Whether an individual received an annual foot check for sores or irritations was influenced by the number of risk factors they had, especially an elevated A1C value, and the presence of retinopathy or kidney disease.
Effects of CSR on affective organizational commitment via organizational justice and organization-based self-esteem

Abstract This study examined how employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) influenced their affective organizational commitment (AOC) via procedural justice and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE). Using survey data collected from 203 employees working for a hospitality company, hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that economic and philanthropic CSR did not have significant effects on procedural justice, but had significant direct effects on AOC. The findings also showed that procedural justice had a significant effect on OBSE, and both procedural justice and OBSE had significant effects on AOC. In addition, the results suggested that ethical CSR programs can have a positive impact on employees’ AOC via their procedural justice and OBSE. This study contributed to the literature by developing a CSR-procedural justice-OBSE-AOC model, guided by social exchange and self-consistency theories, and empirically testing it within a hospitality context.
Pulmonary Artery and Intercostal Artery Pseudoaneurysms After Penetrating Injury

Traumatic pulmonary artery and intercostal artery pseudoaneurysms are rare pathologies that can occur after a penetrating injury. Most times, only 1 pseudoaneurysm needs to be addressed. Options for management include simple observation, endovascular intervention with coiling, embolization, and stenting, as well as surgical intervention ranging from ligation to pneumonectomy. We present the case of a 20-year-old man who developed multiple pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms and an intercostal artery pseudoaneurysm after sustaining a single gunshot wound to the chest. After multiple episodes of bleeding from several pseudoaneurysms, the patient ultimately required a pneumonectomy.
Smarter State: Smarter Health - Boosting Analytical Capacity at NHS

Informed by both a literature review and analysis as well as over fifty interviews with NHS and other experts, this paper offers a multiplicity of proposed recommendations for meeting the data analytic talent gap and achieving greater institutional readiness without full-time hiring. These recommendations complement those made by the Health Foundation in its December 2016 focused on improved training and cross-organisational teams to enhance data analytical insight. No one approach alone will be enough. These recommendations fall into four categories. ► Using new technology to coordinate distributed talent already present in the NHS, including project marketplaces. ► Using new technology such as talent banks and skill finders, to find talent hiding in plain sight — namely those with the relevant skills but who are not classed as analysts and match them to projects. ► Using expert networks to connect with empirical expertise outside the NHS. ► Creating cost-effective incentives to bring talent in from outside, including prize backed challenges and foundation-funded fellowships.
Impact of Physical Design on PUF Behavior: A Statistical Study

FPGA-based designs dominate many applications for their faster implementation, configurability, and low design cost. These applications need a root of trust to be secured against malicious activities. Physical unclonable functions (PUF) are promising security primitive that can be used to identify silicon dies. To effectively distinguish between different dies, PUF should satisfy a set of quality metrics. FPGA-based PUFs are susceptible to parameters such as systematic variation and placement and routing. In this work, we conduct a statistical analysis to quantify the effect of physical layout on the randomness of multiple copies of the same PUF structure that deployed relatively close on the same FPGA die. As a case study, we have adopted an FPGA-based ring PUF structure known as bistable ring PUF. The results show that only 2 out of the 64 PUFs structure can show good randomness behavior. Even by considering 40%-60% randomness as an acceptable range, only 10 out of 64 PUFs can pass this criterion. Moreover, most of the rest PUFs are extremely biased toward a single state. As a result, 84.4% of PUFs under test end up non-functional PUFs due to the physical design of the FPGA.
The U.S. Mexican immigrant family in a changing society: a critical overview

This article charts literature debates about the structural changes of the Mexican immigrant family in the United States. It presents, first, a critical overview of the conventional literature on the Mexican immigrant family, typically framed around assimilation models, their major themes, and shortcomings. Then, shifting frameworks, this paper shows how structural inequality and feminist models, as critical approaches to emerging immigrant family forms, help us to understand the transformational parallels between U.S. society and the Mexican immigrant family structure. It is argued in this article that the Mexican family is structurally diverse. In doing so, the discussion is placed in the larger context of the U.S., explaining how historical and present social forces associated with unequal access to economic, labor, and educational opportunities have perpetuated the marginality of the Mexican immigrant family vis-a-vis the mainstream family. The paper also outlines and discusses the ways feminist, intersectional, and postmodernism frameworks shape the current literature debates on immigrant families. Lastly, it discusses how diversity in terms of family structure and family life contributes to the general field of family study in the U.S. and globally.
Transforaminal 360° lumbar endoscopic foraminotomy in postfusion patients: technical note and case series.

Objective This report describes a minimally invasive lumbar foraminotomy technique that can be applied in patients who underwent complex spine decompression procedures or in patients with severe foraminal stenosis. Methods Awake, endoscopic decompression surgery was performed in 538 patients over a 5-year period between 2014 and 2019. Transforaminal endoscopic foraminal decompression surgery using a high-speed endoscopic drill was performed in 34 patients who had previously undergone fusions at the treated level. Results At 2-year follow-up, the mean (± SD) preoperative visual analog scale score for leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index improved from 7.1 (± 1.5) and 40.1% (± 12.1%) to 2.1 (± 1.9) and 13.6% (± 11.1%). Conclusions A minimally invasive, awake procedure is presented for the treatment of severe lumbar foraminal stenosis in patients with lumbar radiculopathy after lumbar fusion.
HASHTAG: Hash Signatures for Online Detection of Fault-Injection Attacks on Deep Neural Networks.

We propose HASHTAG, the first framework that enables high-accuracy detection of fault-injection attacks on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with provable bounds on detection performance. Recent literature in fault-injection attacks shows the severe DNN accuracy degradation caused by bit flips. In this scenario, the attacker changes a few weight bits during DNN execution by tampering with the program's DRAM memory. To detect runtime bit flips, HASHTAG extracts a unique signature from the benign DNN prior to deployment. The signature is later used to validate the integrity of the DNN and verify the inference output on the fly. We propose a novel sensitivity analysis scheme that accurately identifies the most vulnerable DNN layers to the fault-injection attack. The DNN signature is then constructed by encoding the underlying weights in the vulnerable layers using a low-collision hash function. When the DNN is deployed, new hashes are extracted from the target layers during inference and compared against the ground-truth signatures. HASHTAG incorporates a lightweight methodology that ensures a low-overhead and real-time fault detection on embedded platforms. Extensive evaluations with the state-of-the-art bit-flip attack on various DNNs demonstrate the competitive advantage of HASHTAG in terms of both attack detection and execution overhead.
Sliding Mode Control Based Energy Harvesting System For Low Power Applications

As technology advances and cities become more innovative, the need to harvest energy to power intelligent devices at remote locations, such as wireless sensors, is increasing. This paper focuses on studying and simulating an energy management system (EMS) for energy harvesting with a battery and a supercapacitor for low power applications. Lithium-ion batteries are the primary energy storage source for low power applications due to their high energy density and efficiency. On the other hand, the supercapacitors excel in fast charge and discharge. Furthermore, supercapacitors tolerate high currents due to their low equivalent series resistance (ESR). The supercapacitor in the system increases the time response of the power delivery to the load, and it also absorbs the high currents in the system. Moreover, the supercapacitor covers short-time load demand due to the fluctuation of the renewable source. The EMS monitors the proposed system to maintain power to the load either from the renewable source or the energy storage. The power flow of the energy storage is controlled via DC-DC bidirectional converters. The lithium-ion battery is charged via a constant current (CC) using a sliding mode controller (SMC) and a constant voltage (CV) via a typical PI controller. The response of the SMC current controller is compared with PI and Fuzzy current controller. Furthermore, the performance of a system having and not having a supercapacitor is compared. Finally, MATLAB modeling system simulation and experimental implementation results are analyzed and presented.