cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relative spatial pose estimation for autonomous grasping

A technique for finding the relative spatial pose between a robotic end effector and a target object to be grasped without a priori knowledge of the spatial relationship between the camera and the robot is presented. The transformation between the coordinate system of the camera and the coordinate system of the robot is computed dynamically using knowledge about the location of the end effector relative to both the camera and the robot. A previously developed computer vision tech- nique is used to determine the pose of the end effector relative to the camera. The robot geometry and data from the robot controller is used to determine the pose of the end effector relative to the robot. The spatial transformation between the robot end effector and the target object is computed with respect to the robot's coordinate system. The algorithm was demonstrated using a five-degree-of-freedom robot and an RGB camera system. The camera can be dynamically positioned without con- cern for an assumed spatial relationship between the camera and robot, enabling optimization of the view of the object and the end effector. Further, the iterative nature of the grasping algorithm reduces the effects of camera calibration errors. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation En- gineers. (S0091-3286(97)01612-7)
Analysis of a Fork/Join Synchronization Station with Inputs from Coxian Servers in a Closed Queuing Network

Fork/join stations are commonly used to model the synchronization constraints in queuing models of computer networks, fabrication/assembly systems and material control strategies for manufacturing systems. This paper presents an exact analysis of a fork/join station in a closed queuing network with inputs from servers with two-phase Coxian service distributions, which models a wide range of variability in the input processes. The underlying queue length and departure processes are analyzed to determine performance measures such as throughput, distributions of the queue length and inter-departure times from the fork/join station. The results show that, for certain parameter settings, variability in the arrival processes has a significant impact on system performance. The model is also used to study the sensitivity of performance measures such as throughput, mean queue lengths, and variability of inter-departure times for a wide range of input parameters and network populations.
An inexpensive homemade balloon cuff for endotracheal tubes.

In 1893, Maydl’ conceived of a plan for introducing an anesthetic through a tracheal tube; and Eisenmenger’ added an inflatable cuff around the distal end of the tube. However nothing was done with these ideas for over a quarter of a century. In 1924, Waters2 described the “carbon-dioxide absorption” method of anesthesia, and four years later Waters and Guedel3 published an article on the “Intratracheal Catheter” in which they described a cuff to be made either by cementing a piece of rubber sheeting around the catheter or by a double layer of rubber slipped tightly over the tube. We have constructed a rugged cuff with material found in and around the hospital at the cost of only a few pennies.
Thermally Induced Attitude Dynamics of a Spacecraft with a Flexible Appendage

The performance of a significant number of spacecraft has been impacted negatively by attitude disturbances resulting from thermally induced deformations of flexible appendages. Motions of flexible appendages such as deployable booms and solar arrays result in disturbance torques reacting on the main body of a spacecraft and may have a significant effect on the attitude dynamics and control of the vehicle. The effects of thermally induced structural disturbances of a flexible appendage on the attitude dynamics of a simple spacecraft are investigated. The governing equations, including transient thermal effects, are formulated using a generalized form of Lagrange's equations for hybrid coordinate dynamical systems. An approximate solution based on modal expansion is presented for the case of a step change in solar heating that simulates an orbital eclipse transition. Analytical models are presented for the thermal-structural response of two types of flexible appendages: a thin-walled boom with tip mass and a solar panel. Numerical results demonstrate that the attitude response of the system consists of a slowly developing pointing error and superimposed oscillations whose magnitude is related to the ratio of the thermal and structural response times of the flexible appendage.
Cancer of the breast. Statistical and epidemiological data

This article provides statistical and epidemiological data on breast cancer incidence mortality and end-results including material on various systems of clinical staging and trends with time in broad categories of types of treatment. Among women in the United States the breast is the leading site of cancer in both incidence and mortality. Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among 40-44 year old women and a frequent cause from ages 30 to 34. It is 100 times as frequent in women as in men. Single women have a relatively greater risk of 1.35-2.3 to 1 compared to ever-married women; infertile ever-married women have a risk of 1.15-1.6 to 1 as compared to fertile women; fertile women under age 35 have a higher rate. Women with 3 or more children have a lower rate by 1.5-2 times and women with a first pregnancy after age 25 have a double risk over those with a first pregnancy before age 20. Excess risk has been found in those less than 12 years at menarche compared with those 15 and older at menarche. Also those with 30 or more years of menstrual activity have greater risk. Those who have nursed 3 or more years have a reduced risk. Artificial menopause may reduce risk 50-60% particularly if produced before age 37. A history of cancer among mothers or sisters of patients doubles the risk and cystic disease of the breast increases the risk 2.64 times. Endocrine factors and genetic influences are considered important. The world-wide probability of breast cancer occurrance rises with advancing age but in the United States the largest number of cases occur for age groups 45-49 through 55-59. Detailed rates are given by country and by regions of the United States. Breast cancer rates have been found to be inversely related to cervical cancer rates; however cancers of the body of the uterus ovary or colon do not show this variation. Various studies give 5-yr survival rates ranging from 38% to 61-71%. In more recent years reported survival rates are increasing. Differences between the International system and the American system of classification are noted; a major difference is that tumors exceeding 5 cm diameter and with no evidence of spread are assigned to Stage 3 under the International system and to Stage 1 under the American. Pathologic information frequently modified clinical evaluation and may be a better index of prognosis. Of cases among men survival rate adjusted for age was about the same as for women; for negro men less. Among women the left breast was more frequently involved by among men it was the right. Immunochemical detection techniques earlier detection methods newer hormones ways of increasing host resistance and especially prevention are under study.
Effect of ellagic acid on hepatic and pulmonary xenobiotic metabolism in mice: studies on the mechanism of its anticarcinogenic action

Our recent studies have shown that ellagic acid, a naturally occurring dietary plant phenol, protects BALB/c mice against 3-methylcholanthrene-induced skin tumorigenesis. To further elucidate the mechanism of the antineoplastic action of ellagic acid its effect on hepatic and pulmonary benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolism, cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferase activities were studied in BALB/c mice. Chronic oral feeding of the compound in drinking water (0.3 mg/l for 16 weeks) or acute intraperitoneal administration (50 mg/kg for five consecutive days) of ellagic acid resulted in 20-25% decreases in hepatic and pulmonary cytochrome P-450 levels. Hepatic and pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activities in both groups of ellagic acid-treated animals were 33-52% and 28-43% lower than their respective non-ellagic acid-treated controls. Hepatic as well as pulmonary aminopyrine N-demethylase and epoxide hydrolase activities were unchanged in both groups of ellagic acid-treated mice. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase activity towards BP-4,5-oxide or 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrates was found to be enhanced 51-79% and 38-58% in both groups of animals. H.p.l.c. analysis of organic solvent-soluble metabolites of BP by liver and lung microsomes indicated a substantial inhibition of diol formation (including BP-7,8-diol), as well as of phenols and quinones. In liver, these inhibitory effects were more pronounced after oral feeding than after intraperitoneal administration. Our results indicate that both acute and chronic administration of ellagic acid inhibits BP metabolism and/or enhances glutathione S-transferase activity. Thus the modulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism by ellagic acid may be related to the anticarcinogenic effects of this compound.
Anti-CD3 antibody-induced activated killer cells subsets of killer cells that mediate fast or slow lytic reactions.

The present study has characterized two sets of αCD3-induced activated killer cells (CD3-AK). A 2 to 4-h 51Cr release assay or triton-treated 125IUdR release assay demonstrated that CD3-AK cultured in the continuous presence of αCD3 (CD3-AK+) mediated fast lysis. A 20-h 51Cr or 125I-deoxyuridine release assay demonstrated that CD3-AK cultured in the absence of αCD3 (CD3-AK) mediated slow lysis. Activating the TCR-CD3 complex of CD3-AK- cells with αCD3 for 2 h enabled the killer cells to mediate fast lysis. The activation process was inhibited by H-7, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Conversely, removal of αCD3 from CD3-AK+ cell cultures for 24 h resulted in almost complete loss of the ability of CD3-AK+ cells to mediate fast lysis, but they still retained the ability to mediate slow lysis. It appeared that constant perturbation of CD3 by αCD3 maintained the CD3-AK+ cells in an active state, and thus, they were able to mediate fast lysis. On the other hand, activation by a 2-h incubation with PMA could ...
Formation of the right before the left mature DNA end during packaging-cleavage of bacteriophage T7 DNA concatemers

Abstract During bacteriophage T7 morphogenesis in a T7-infected cell, mature length T7 DNA molecules join end-to-end to form concatemers that are subsequently both packaged in the T7 capsid and cut to mature size. In the present study, the kinetics of the appearance in vivo of the mature right and left T7 DNA ends have been analyzed. To perform this analysis, the intercalating dye proflavine is used to interrupt DNA packaging. When used at 0.5 to 8.0 μg/ml, proflavine progressively inhibits events in the T7 DNA packaging pathway, without either altering protein synthesis or degrading intracellular T7 DNA. Restriction endonuclease kinetic analysis reveals that proflavine (8 μg/ml) completely blocks formation of the mature T7 DNA left end, but only partially blocks formation of the mature T7 DNA right end. Both these and other observations are explained by the hypothesis that, in the T7 DNA packaging pathway, events occur in the following sequence: (1) formation of a mature right end; (2) packaging of at least some of the genome; (3) formation of the mature left end.
Preliminary results for HCHO and BrO from the EOS-Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument

The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), a nadir-viewing near-UV/Visible CCD spectrometer, was launched on NASA's EOS-Aura satellite platform on 15 July 2004 into a sun-synchronous, polar orbit with an equator crossing time of 13:45h (ascending node). OMI measurements cover the spectral region of 270-500 nm with a spectral resolution between 0.42 nm and 0.63 nm and a nominal ground footprint of 13x24 km2 at nadir. Global coverage is achieved in one day. The very high spatial resolution of OMI measurements set a new standard for trace gas and air quality monitoring from space. Combined with daily global coverage, this significantly advances our ability to answer outstanding questions on air chemistry, including the determination of BrO sources in mid and low latitudes, BrO-O3 anti-correlations as a function of latitude, and the production of formaldehyde in cities of the developing world. We give an overview of the OMI instrument and introduce the operational trace gas retrieval scheme for BrO, HCHO, and OClO that is based on a direct, non-linear fitting approach of observed radiances, including corrections for spectral undersampling. We present first results for tropospheric BrO and HCHO, an important element in air quality monitoring. Only limited results are currently available for OClO, an element in the destruction cycle of polar stratospheric ozone, due to the lack of OMI observations at a time of the year where OClO loading is significantly above the detection limit from space.
Automatic iterative fitting of Rutherford backscattering spectra from multielement samples

Abstract A computer code (BASF) has been constructed to perform automatic iterative fitting of Rutherford backscattering spectra using only the experimental spectrum and the parameter set defining the experiment. The code may be used to analyze samples containing anywhere from two to five elements. The code output consists of the total amount of each element present and a composition versus depth profile. The code's performance was verified on both computer generated and experimental backscattering spectra. Samples consisting of nickel substrates onto which layers of pure nickel and pure aluminum have been alternately evaporated in thicknesses of 130 and 100 A, respectively, were used to produce backscattering spectra. These spectra, when analyzed, demonstrated that the code was able to determine the total aluminum content to within 3% and the ratio of aluminum to nickel to within 1% of the thickness monitor readings taken during evaporation. The code has shown the ability to recognize sharp interfaces in well resolved spectra. The code performs equally well on slowly varying concentration profiles which are created during the annealing of layered samples. Limitations on the code and its use include the precise knowledge of the relevant experimental parameters used as input, and complete specification of all elements in the sample. The ultimate limits on the code's accuracy are the resolution of the spectrum and the accuracy of the computed stopping powers. This code provides a significant advantage over other spectrum fitting codes in that the process is fully automated and does not require constant user interaction. Further, it provides the capability of accurately determining concentration profiles in layered samples where the layer thickness is of the order 100 A.
Bargaining and Bombing During World War II in Europe

THE Second World War is often regarded as a virtually total conflict, with few mutual restraints to bind the belligerents to less than maximum use of their destructive capabilities. While it is generally remembered that poison gas and bacteriological weapons were not used, these limits are usually cited as great exceptions to the rule. Relatively little notice has been taken of the restraints in Europe on the use of conventional high-explosive and incendiary bombs in aerial bombardment, restraints which remained in effect for an unexpectedly long time after the start of the war. The most common explanation for restraints shown in war is straightforwardly that many destructive acts do not in and of themselves serve the interests, physical or moral, of the nation capable of them, since interests of nations at war are not all antithetical and therefore no nation destroys as much as it is able to destroy. Yet such an explanation of limited war would be sufficient only if neither side had made significant assumptions about the motivation of its opponent. The point of view of this article requires an assessment of the bargaining process in which each participant sees value in leaving some "utility" to his opponents, while reminding them of his ability to deprive them of it-a bargaining process which at times in World War II led to serious departures from the pattern of attack that would have been appropriate in the absence of communicated intentions, a bargaining process which at other times had no discernible impact, however, as the participants decided to write off any bargaining gains. The interaction of "practical" considerations of what type of destruction is desirable in itself, and "bargaining" considerations (potent or neutral) of what behavior might be discreetly impressed upon an enemy, is the determinant of the nature of war in general, and of the air campaigns of World War II in Europe in particular.
Effect of intensity of auditory stimulation on directional eye movements in the human neonate.

Summary The present investigation of human neonatal functioning deals with the effect of locus and intensity of auditory stimulation as well as of level of arousal on the direction of lateral eye movement. Schneirla (1939, 1959) has suggested that in early ontogeny organisms respond in the direction of effectively weak and away from effectively strong stimuli. In order to determine whether infants turn their eyes towards an effectively weak stimulus and away from an effectively strong stimulus, fifty-three 2-day old female newborns were presented with twelve auditory stimuli (six to each ear) and directional eye movements were electromyographically recorded. One group was presented with a 66 dB stimulus (lower intensity), and another with an 87 dB stimulus (higher intensity). Within each group approximately half of the subjects were in a prefeeding (higher arousal level) and half in a postfeeding (lower arousal level) state. The lower level of arousal and the less intense stimulus each resulted in turning towards an auditory stimulus presented at the right ear. Effectively more intense stimulation (87 dB and high level of arousal) produced a reduction in the incidence of towards-turning. Stimulation at the left ear produced the opposite effect, i.e. to the effectively more intense stimulus a greater number of infants turned towards than away whereas for the less intense stimulus there was no systematic effect. These findings support the contention that directional responding is a function of effective stimulus intensity. They also suggest that the auditory thresholds differ for the two ears, with the thresold at the left ear being higher than that at the right. Taking this difference into account, the data fit the theoretical prediction at three of four points, i.e. no effect at a sub-threshold intensity (66 dB at the left ear), towards-turning to mild stimulation (66 dB at the right and 87 dB at the left ear), and mixed towards- and away-turning to more intense stimulation (87 dB at the right ear). Had a still more intense stimulus been utilized, the hypothesis might have been confirmed in its entirety.
Determining the adequacy of a health promotion self‐care interview guide with healthy, middle‐aged, Mexican American women: A pilot study

The Hispanic/Latino population is the second largest and fastest growing minority in the United States, with Mexican Americans comprising 60.4% of the total. Existing research instruments and procedures must be made culturally specific, both theoretically and empirically, for use with this population. Our purpose in the present study was to determine whether one part of the Health Promotion Self‐Care Interview Guide (HPSCIG), developed to identify self‐care actions that promote well‐being in healthy, middle‐aged Anglo American and African American women (Hartweg, 1991, 1993), was culturally sensitive for use with Mexican American women. This was a necessary step before the full HPSCIG was translated into Spanish for a larger bilingual study. Twenty Mexican American women identified 232 self‐care actions they took to promote well‐being as they defined it. More than 81% of the self‐care actions were performed to meet the universal self‐care requisites, 11% were performed to meet the developmental requisites...
Return to the Flash Rock Plain Of Thahmad: Two Nasībs by Ibn al-ʿArabī

This article presents two poems (numbers 26 and 22, respectively) from Turjumān al-Ashwāq ("The Interpreter, Translator, or Biographer of Longings or Desires") by Ibn al-˛Arabī (d. 638/1240). Introductory comments explore the relationship among time, space, and memory within the poems; the construction of a neo-Bedouin poetics of displacement; the role of a transmission of love and wine poetically modeled on hadith transmission; and the fragmentation of the poetic persona. The translations aim at a natural American poetic idiom. Assonance, a tension and release across line breaks, and other features serve to compensate for those aspects of the original (include rhyme and meter) inconsistent with modern style.
A typology of adolescent delinquency: sex differences and implications for treatment.

Background This paper presents a test of Moffitt's theory (1990, 1993a) regarding offending trajectories as it applies to a population of adolescent offenders. This study is novel since few studies have empirically explored Moffitt's theory (1990, 1993a) with adolescent populations. Method Data were collected retrospectively on 174 adolescents (101 males and 73 females), aged 13 to 18. Three groups of offenders were identified based on a two-step cluster analysis: well adjusted, internalizing and externalizing groups. Results Consistent with Moffitt's theory, a sub-sample of offenders (externalizing group) engaged in more problem behaviours than the other offending groups. Additionally, female offenders in the internalizing group evidenced more psychopathology than males in this offending group as well as females in the other offending groups. Offending rates, in terms of offending frequency and variety of criminal offences, were not distinguished between the groups. Conclusions These results provide evidence for Moffitt's theory (1990, 1993) regarding trajectories in adolescent offending. This study also provides support for the theory developed by Silverthorn and Frick (1999) regarding female offending. This was particularly evident in the rates of psychopathology evidenced by a sub-sample of adolescent females in the internalizing group. Copyright © 2001 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The challenge of ethical behavior in organizations

This paper is designed to do three things while discussing the challenge of ethical behavior in organization. First, it discusses some reasons why unethical behavior occurs in organization. Secondly, the paper highlights the importance of organizational culture in establishing an ethical climate within an organization. Finally, the paper presents some suggestions for creating and maintaining an ethically-oriented culture.
Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Pseudomonas fluorescence☆

Abstract Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase was partially purified (nearly 1000-fold) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration with Sepharose 6B, and chromatography on DEAE Sephacel, carboxymethyl-Sephadex, and NADP-agarose. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a major band (60–70%), which contained the enzymatic activity, and a minor band which had no decarboxylase activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 44,000, and the PI and pH optimum were 6.7 and 5.5, respectively. The enzyme showed a typical Michaelis-Menten substrate saturation, with an apparent Km and V of 0.2 m m and 3.85 μmol/min/mg, respectively. It catalyzed decarboxylation of methylmalonyl-CoA only at 5% of the rate observed with malonyl-CoA, whereas malonic acid and succinyl-CoA were not decarboxylated. Antibodies prepared against malonyl-CoA decarboxylase from the uropygial glands of goose and rat liver mitochondria did not inhibit the bacterial enzyme. Avidin did not inhibit the enzyme suggesting that biotin was not involved in the reaction. Thiol-directed reagents inhibited the enzyme as did CoA, acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA, and succinyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase was also partially purified from malonate-grown Pseudomonas fluorescens. The molecular weight of this enzyme was 56,000 and the pH optimum and apparent Km were 5.5 and 1 m m , respectively. Unlike the mycobacterial enzyme, this enzyme was insensitive to p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, acetyl-CoA, and propionyl-CoA, and it was less sensitive to inhibition by succinyl-CoA and CoA than the mycobacterial enzyme. The size and properties of the two bacterial enzymes suggest that these are quite unlike the mammalian and avian enzymes and that they constitute a different class of malonyl-CoA decarboxylases.
Synthesis of fault tolerant neural networks

This paper evaluates different strategies for enhancing (partial) fault tolerance (PFT) of feedforward artificial neural networks (ANNs). We evaluate a continuum of strategies between the two extremes (i) Replicating a minimal seed network to achieve a final desired size with the resultant PFT and (ii) Starting with the desired (larger) size but using modified training algorithms to achieve higher PFT (without any replications) The idea is not to replicate the minimal network but somewhat larger-than-minimal network and evaluate the effect on the PFT of the resulting network. In other words we investigate the optimal size of the seed network (which gets replicated) that achieves the highest PFT for a fixed final size (i.e., the total number of units and connections). The data demonstrate that replicating larger-than minimal networks yields higher PFT for the same final size (as compared with either replicating the minimal network or starting off with the final target size and employing modified training but not using replications at all). Furthermore, it is seen that when the size of the seed network exceeds some threshold, the PFT for a given final size typically worsens. Thus, there is an optimal size for the seed network We provide qualitative explanation of this and allied phenomena.
Cerebellar Vermian Hypoplasia in Dogs

Six dogs with cerebellar dysplasia, in which the cerebellar vermis was hypoplastic, are described. Clinical signs in these dogs were noted around 2 weeks of age and included ataxia, dysmetria, and intention tremors. A variable portion of the caudal cerebellar vermis was absent in each dog; portions of the cerebellar hemispheres and flocculus also were absent in some of them. Neurons in certain brain stem nuclei that project to the cerebellum were either chromatolytic or vacuolated. Cerebellar vermian hypoplasia of dogs is analogous to the Dandy-Walker syndrome of human beings.
Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors enhance NMDA receptor currents via a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism in pyramidal neurones of rat prefrontal cortex.

The action of glutamate in CNS is mediated by the activation of metabotropic and ionotropic receptors. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are highly enriched in prefrontal cortex (PFC) ‐ a brain region critically involved in the regulation of cognition and emotion. Emerging evidence has suggested that mGluRs are viable drug targets for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with PFC dysfunction. However, the mGluR-mediated signalling in PFC remains unclear. To understand the physiological functions of postsynaptic group II mGluRs (mGluR2/3) in PFC neurones, we investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the regulation of NMDA receptor channels by group II mGluRs. We found that APDC, a highly selective and potent group II mGluR agonist, reversibly increased NMDAR currents in acutely dissociated PFC pyramidal neurones. Selective group II mGluR antagonists, but not group I mGluR antagonists, blocked APDC-induced enhancement of NMDAR currents, suggesting the mediation by mGluR2/3 receptors. The APDC effect on NMDAR currents was independent of Mg 2+ block or membrane voltages, and primarily targeted NR2A subunits containing NMDARs. While changing protein kinase A levels was without effect, inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) or dialysis with Ca 2+ chelators largely blocked the mGluR2/3 modulation of NMDAR currents. In contrast, inhibiting protein tyrosine kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, Ca 2+ /calmodulindependent kinase II or the Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin failed to do so. Moreover, treatment of PFC slices with APDC significantly increased the PKC activity and PKC phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. These findings suggest that activation of mGluR2/3 receptors potentiates NMDAR channel functions in PFC through a PKC-dependent mechanism. This modulation may be relevant for developing novel mGluR-related pharmacological agents for the treatment of mental illnesses.
The diffusion of obstetric technology into rural U.S. hospitals.

We determined the distribution and sophistication of obstetric technologies in all 80 maternity hospitals in the state of Washington and examined the effect of rural or urban location, birth volume, and physician staffing on technological intensity. Although smaller and more rural hospitals refer most premature and low-birth-weight infants to regional referral centers, sophisticated prenatal and intrapartum technologies are available in the majority of even the smallest and most remote rural units. Rural hospitals have slightly lower obstetrical intervention rates than do their urban counterparts, but the differences are not great.
The Analysis of the β-Ray Spectrum due to the Natural L Radiation of Radium B

In a previous paper the values for some lines of the β-ray spectrum of the natural L radiation of radium B have been given. The purpose of the present paper is to show that many of these lines can be accounted for by assuming that rays corresponding to L X-rays, but generated within the atom, act on various atomic levels. Before proceeding to do so, however, it will be advisable to give a fuller account of the experimental methods.
Analyst Information Acquisition and Communication

ABSTRACT: We examine a communication game between an analyst and a decision-maker and investigate how the presence of public information affects the precision of the information the analyst gathers and communicates to the decision-maker. We characterize conditions under which public information causes the analyst to underinvest or overinvest in the information gathered relative to the case where analyst credibility is not an issue. We then discuss when the presence of public information causes the analyst to reduce the depth of coverage of the firm, suggesting that the introduction of public information can make the decision-maker strictly worse off.
Drug identity change processes, race, and gender. III. Macrolevel opportunity concepts.

Throughout the 20th century, scholars studying drug misuse have pinpointed various macrolevel (broad cultural and social structural) influences on the problem. The drug identity change model includes two such macrolevel factors. It maintains that social climates conducive to drug use (availability and popularity of drugs over the years) and social appraisal sources provide important opportunities for drug-related identity change. Social climates conducive to drug use help foster the formation of small groups centered on drug-related activity and meaning systems, i.e., social appraisal sources. Identification with these groups helps reduce one's ego identity discomfort or temporarily solve one's identity problems. It is through this process, the model contends, that young people change from nondrug users to drug misusers. Part 3 discusses these two concepts and how they work in the lives of the four race and gender groups studied here.
Multimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma: surgery plus chemoradiotherapy?

Malignant pleural mesothelioma, well known for its association with asbestos exposure, is an aggressive cancer of the pleura with poor prognosis if left untreated. There is no defined standard of care, but with curative surgery-based multimodality therapy, long-term survival has been documented. In addition to radiation and/or chemotherapy, multimodality therapy includes one of two operations (extrapleural pneumonectomy or radical pleurectomy/decortication) performed with the goal of resecting all gross disease. Ongoing trials are evaluating various treatment strategies involving radical resection, chemotherapy, radiation, intracavitary chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and immunologic/biologic agents. Improvement in early diagnosis, targeted treatment and adjuvant therapy to control micrometastatic disease are needed to improve outcomes for patients with this challenging disease.
Development of a Test Technique to Determine the Thermal Diffusivity of Large Refractory Ceramic Test Specimens

A method has been developed to utilize a high-intensity plasma arc lamp located at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the measurement of thermal diffusivity of bulk refractory materials at elevated temperatures. The applicability of standardized test methods to determine the thermal diffusivity/conductivity of refractory materials at elevated temperatures is limited to small sample sizes (laser flash) or older test methods (hot wire, guarded hot plate), which have their own inherent problems. A new method, based on the principle of the laser flash method, but capable of evaluating test specimens on the order of 200 mm × 250 mm × 50 mm, has been developed. Tests have been performed to validate the method and preliminary results are presented in this paper.
Impaired graft survival in pediatric renal transplant recipients with donor‐specific antibodies detected by solid‐phase assays

SAB assays have increased the sensitivity and specificity to detect HLA alloantibodies, but there is uncertainty about the clinical relevance of SAB-positive alloantibodies when the FCXM is negative. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the clinical significance of SAB-detected DSA in 82 pediatric recipients of a first kidney transplant between January 2000 and December 2005 who had a neg- ative pretransplant FCXM. Pretransplant sera were evaluated by SAB for DSA. Graft loss and rejection between patients with (DSA+) and without DSA (DSA)) were compared. DSA were detected in 13.9%. Eighty percent of DSA+ subjects were DD transplant recipients vs. 56.9% in the DSA) cohort. The RR of graft loss in DSA+ vs. DSA) was 3.3 (95% CI, 1.4-7.9) and in DD was 4.3 (95% CI 1.4-13.1). By Cox regression, the HR of graft loss in DSA+ vs. DSA) was 2.8 (95% CI 0.7-10.9; p = 0.14) and in DD was 5.1 (95% CI 1-25.6; p = 0.05). Acute rejection occurred in 60% in the DSA+ vs. 44.4% in DSA) (p = 0.5). SAB-detected DSA was associated with impaired renal allograft survival in pediatric renal transplant recipients. Impaired graft survival in pediatric renal transplant recipients with DSA detected by solid-phase assays.
The Politics of Proletarianization: A Review Article

The process of proletarianization and its role in the shaping of working class consciousness has captured the attention of French social historians over the last ten years. Until recently, works on French labor history generally neglected the formation of the working class to concentrate on the origins of national working-class parties or trade unions; thus, general histories of the political 'workers' movement' abound, to the detriment of occupational or regional studies. As early as 1971, Rolande Trempe's these asserted that the transition from godfearing peasant to socialistic proletarian had only just begun when a man put down his hoe and took up a pickaxe. In Les mineurs de Carmaux, Trempe showed the evolving social and political conditions which led coalminers in southwestern France to espouse trade unionism and socialism. The recently published these of Yves Lequin, Les ouvriers de la region lyonnaise, provides another benchmark in the study of nineteenth-century working class history. Lequin reveals that, for the pre-1914 period in the Lyonnais region of France, the dynamics of proletarianization were more important in promoting worker militancy than its end result, the appearance of an industrial proletariat. A large part of what any historian finds depends upon where he looks. Hoping that a well-chosen micro-organism might serve as a microcosm, Rolande Trempe opted for a richly detailed and narrowly focused study of one occupational group in a single city: the miners of Carmaux between 1848 and 1914. Trying to capture the broad outlines of industrial and political change, Yves Lequin decided to scan a wide portion of the French industrial skyline; the Lyonnais region which he studies for the period between 1848 and 1914 includes eight departments and such important cities as Lyon, Grenoble, Roanne, Saint-Etienne, and Vienne. Despite the different scales on which they work, both Trempe and Lequin adopt similar 0010-4175/79/2654-2975$2'00 ? 1979 Society for Comparative Study of Society and History
ROUTES TO A FEMINIST ORIENTATION AMONG WOMEN AUTOWORKERS

This article analyzes the orientation of 150 women autoworkers toward feminism. Demographic variables had no significant independent effects when considered with other variables. Age, marital status, and education did have noteworthy mediated effects. Seniority level, workplace threat, and job skills were significant determinants of feminist orientations. Women's feelings of being trapped in a job, their feelings of job competence, and their self-esteem were also important factors. The interrelationships among the variables suggested that there are two routes to profeminist attitudes. One route is followed by older, higher-seniority women who develop a positive stance toward feminism as a result of mostly positive work-related experiences (high skills, high job competence, high self-esteem). The other route is followed by younger, divorced, or college-educated women whose negative work-related experiences (low seniority, low job skills, high job entrapment, low job competence) apparently sensitize them to...
A demonstration of FlexPref: extensible preference evaluation inside the DBMS engine

This demonstration presents FlexPref, a framework implemented inside the DBMS query processor that enables efficient and extensible preference query processing. FlexPref provides query processing support inside the database engine for a wide-array of preference evaluation methods (e.g., skyline, top-k, k-dominance, k-frequency) in a single extensible code base. Integration with FlexPref is simple, involving the registration of only three functions that capture the essence of the preference method. Once integrated, the preference method "lives" at the core of the database, enabling the efficient execution of preference queries involving common database operations (e.g, selection, join). Functionality of FlexPref, implemented inside PostgreSQL, is demonstrated through the implementation and use of several state-of-the-art preference methods in a real application scenario.
A parallel algorithm for global routing in sea-of-gates technology

The author studies the global routing of multiterminal nets in the sea-of-gates technology. The author first presents an algorithm which achieves optimum global density in one direction and controls the global density in the other direction. He then presents a parallel algorithm which is suitable for the problems in which most nets are short. Most VLSI routing problems have this property since the placement algorithm tries to place the modules containing terminals of the same net close to each other. The key idea is to transform a global routing problem (GRP) into a channel routing problem (CRP) and to solve it by using channel routers which are available in the literature. >
Fast three-step phase-shifting algorithm

We propose a new three-step phase-shifting algorithm, which is much faster than the traditional three-step algorithm. We achieve the speed advantage by using a simple intensity ratio function to replace the arctangent function in the traditional algorithm. The phase error caused by this new algorithm is compensated for by use of a look-up-table (LUT). Our experimental results show that both the new algorithm and the traditional algorithm generate similar results, but the new algorithm is 3.4 times faster. By implementing this new algorithm in a high-resolution, real-time 3D shape measurement system, we were able to achieve a measurement speed of 40 frames per second (fps) at a resolution of 532 × 500 pixels, all with an ordinary personal computer.
Cool-Cache: A compiler-enabled energy efficient data caching framework for embedded/multimedia processors

The unique characteristics of multimedia/embedded applications dictate media-sensitive architectural and compiler approaches to reduce the power consumption of the data cache. Our goal is exploring energy savings for embedded/multimedia workloads without sacrificing performance. Here, we present two complementary media-sensitive energy-saving techniques that leverage static information. While our first technique is applicable to existing architectures, in our second technique we adopt a more radical approach and propose a new tagless caching architecture by reevaluating the architecture--compiler interface.Our experiments show that substantial energy savings are possible in the data cache. Across a wide range of cache and architectural configurations, we obtain up to 77p energy savings, while the performance varies from 14p improvement to 4p degradation depending on the application.
Digital shaded relief image of a carbonate platform (northern Great Bahama Bank): Scenery seen and unseen

A mosaic image of the northern Great Bahama Bank was created from separate gray-scale Landsat images using photo-editing and image analysis software that is commercially available for desktop computers. Measurements of pixel gray levels (relative scale from 0 to 255 referred to as digital number, DN) on the mosaic image were compared to bank-top bathymetry (determined from a network of single-channel, high-resolution seismic profiles), bottom type (coarse sand, sandy mud, barren rock, or reef determined from seismic profiles and diver observations), and vegetative cover (presence and/or absence and relative density of the marine angiosperm Thalassia testudinum determined from diver observations). Results of these analyses indicate that bank-top bathymetry is a primary control on observed pixel DN, bottom type is a secondary control on pixel DN, and vegetative cover is a tertiary influence on pixel DN. Consequently, processing of the gray-scale Landsat mosaic with a directional gradient edge-detection filter generated a physiographic shaded relief image resembling bank-top bathymetric patterns related to submerged physiographic features across the platform. The visibility of submerged karst landforms, Pleistocene eolianite ridges, islands, and possible paleo-drainage patterns created during sea-level lowstands is significantly enhanced on processed images relative to the original mosaic. Bank-margin ooid shoals, platform interior sand bodies, reef edifices, and bidirectional sand waves are features resulting from Holocene carbonate deposition that are also more clearly visible on the new physiographic images. Combined with observational data (single-channel, high-resolution seismic profiles, bottom observations by SCUBA divers, sediment and rock cores) across the northern Great Bahama Bank, these physiographic images facilitate comprehension of areal relations among antecedent platform topography, physical processes, and ensuing depositional patterns during sea-level rise.
Hunters are a fundamental component of northern bobwhite quail conservation

Hunters have been a fundamental component of northern bobwhite quail conservation for most of the past century. Bobwhite quail hunters funded the first modern comprehensive life history study of a wild vertebrate in the 1920s to understand causes responsible for population declines. This investigation identified a causal link between frequent applications of prescribed fire and persistence of bobwhite quail populations in the Southeastern United States, and provided the foundation for contemporary fire ecology science. Since then, hunters in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States have funded numerous other bobwhite quail research and conservation efforts. Research and conservation efforts funded by quail hunters in Texas continue to be especially notable. Non-governmental organizations, and academia, as well as state and federal wildlife agencies have been the conduits for efforts to sustain bobwhite quail populations because predominant land uses no longer support bobwhite quail.
A Late-Surviving Basal Theropod Dinosaur From the Latest Triassic of North America

The oldest theropod dinosaurs are known from the Carnian of Argentina and Brazil. However, the evolutionary diversification of this group after its initial radiation but prior to the Triassic‐Jurassic boundary is still poorly understood because of a sparse fossil record near that boundary. Here, we report on a new basal theropod, Daemonosaurus chauliodus gen. et sp. nov., from the latest Triassic ‘siltstone member’ of the Chinle Formation of the Coelophysis Quarry at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico. Based on a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, Daemonosaurus is more closely related to coeval neotheropods (e.g. Coelophysis bauri) than to Herrerasauridae and Eoraptor. The skeletal structure of Daemonosaurus and the recently discovered Tawa bridge a morphological gap between Eoraptor and Herrerasauridae on one hand and neotheropods on the other, providing additional support for the theropod affinities of both Eoraptor and Herrerasauridae and demonstrating that lineages from the initial radiation of Dinosauria persisted until the end of the Triassic. Various features of the skull of Daemonosaurus, including the procumbent dentary and premaxillary teeth and greatly enlarged premaxillary and anterior maxillary teeth, clearly set this taxon apart from coeval neotheropods and demonstrate unexpected disparity in cranial shape among theropod dinosaurs just prior to the end of the Triassic.
New urbanism and the city: Potential applications and implications for distressed inner‐city neighborhoods

New Urbanism has been described as the most influential movement in architecture and planning in the United States since the Modernist movement. In recent years, New Urbanist design principles have been adopted for many housing and neighborhood planning efforts. This article considers the applications and implications of New Urbanism for distressed inner-city neighborhoods. Claims and criticisms of New Urbanism are examined and the long-standing debates over the extent to which physical planning and design can affect human behavior are revisited. The article concludes that New Urbanism is not a panacea, but that its design principles are consistent with broader policies aimed at revitalizing and improving living conditions and opportunities for inner-city residents. New Urbanism needs to be viewed as one strategy to be integrated within the larger array of economic, social, and community development programs attempting to revitalize and improve the quality of life in inner-city neighborhoods.
Automated Determination of Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase

The determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminase has been simplified by the use of automated analysis. The flow diagrams, concentration of reagents, and calculation of the color unit in terms of the Karmen unit are shown for 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and 6-benzamido-4-methoxy-m-toluidine diazonium chloride as the reacting dyes. Advantages of both methods are compared and discussed.