cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain-induced tetragonal distortions and multiferroic properties in polycrystalline Sr 1 -x B a x Mn O 3 (x =0.43 -0.45 ) perovskites

We report the structure-property phase diagram of unique single-ion type-1 multiferroic pseudocubic ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskites. Employing a specially designed multistep reduction-oxidation synthesis technique, we have synthesized ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ compositions in their polycrystalline form with a significantly extended Ba solubility limit that is only rivaled by a very limited number of crystals and thin films grown under nonequilibrium conditions. Understanding the multiferroic interplay with structure in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{a}}_{x}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ is of great importance as it opens the door wide to the development of newer materials from the parent $(A{A}^{\ensuremath{'}})(B{B}^{\ensuremath{'}}){\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ system with enhanced properties. To this end, using a combination of time-of-flight neutron and synchrotron x-ray scattering techniques, we determined the exact structures and quantified the Mn and oxygen polar distortions above and below the ferroelectric Curie temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{C}}$ and the N\'eel temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. In its ferroelectric state, the system crystalizes in the noncentrosymmetric tetragonal $P4mm$ space group, which gives rise to a large electric dipole moment ${P}_{\mathrm{s}}$, in the $z$ direction, of 18.4 and $29.5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{C}/\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for $x=0.43$ and 0.45, respectively. The two independently driven ferroelectric and magnetic order parameters are single-handedly accommodated by the Mn sublattice leading to a novel strain-assisted multiferroic behavior in agreement with many theoretical predictions. Our neutron diffraction results demonstrate the large and tunable suppression of the ferroelectric order at the onset of AFM ordering and confirm the coexistence and strong coupling of the two ferroic orders below ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$. The refined magnetic moments confirm the strong covalent bonding between Mn and the oxygen anions, which is necessary for stabilizing the ferroelectric phase.
THE FREE ENERGIES OF FORMATION OF AQUEOUS d-ALANINE, l-ASPARTIC ACID, AND d-GLUTAMIC ACID

The employment of thermodynamics in biochemistry has been restricted, until recently, to the use of first law data. In the last few years a beginning has been made in the application of the second law; i.e., of free energy data (1, 2). The development of this field is limited by the paucity of available free energy data. We have therefore undertaken the systematic determination of the free energies of formation of compounds which may be interesting in biochemistry or physiology.
Furfuryl alcohol deoxygenation, decarbonylation, and ring-opening on Pt(111)

Abstract The adsorption and decomposition of furfuryl alcohol on Pt(111) was studied using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). TPD studies showed that furfuryl alcohol underwent decarbonylation to furan, propylene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, as well as hydrodeoxygenation to produce methylfuran and water. Benzene was also produced as an unexpected ring decomposition product. Experiments conducted on deuterium-precovered Pt(111) were used to determine the extent of hydrogen exchange between the surface and organic intermediates during TPD. These experiments suggested that furan was likely evolved in part through dehydrogenated C4H2O intermediates. In contrast to earlier observation of furfuryl alcohol chemistry on Pd(111), deoxygenation of furfuryl alcohol only occurred via hydrogenation by surface hydrogens and not through an interadsorbate hydrogen exchange. The HREELS studies revealed that at low coverages, the furyl ring was adsorbed in a flat-lying configuration on the Pt(111) surface, while at higher coverages intermediates with more upright structures were observed. Furfuryl alcohol decomposed through a furfural intermediate, which underwent decarbonylation and decomposition at relatively low temperatures to produce propylene and benzene. These results elucidate key differences between Pt and Pd surfaces important for designing catalysts to have high selectivity towards a given process.
Multiscale modeling of the interface effects in CNT-epoxy nanocomposites

Abstract This paper presents a hierarchical multiscale simulation framework for investigating the interface effects in polymer nanocomposites. In this framework, the load transfer ability of the interface in carbon nanotube (CNT)-epoxy nanocomposites is evaluated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations by adopting an atomistic graphene-polymer interface model in which the cured epoxy matrix with various crosslink densities is constructed by using a dynamic crosslinking algorithm. The interfacial behavior between CNTs and the epoxy matrix has been characterized in both normal opening mode and sliding mode separation in terms of the force-separation responses at the nanoscale. Key factors, e.g. the crosslink density of the epoxy network in the matrix, the system temperature, the separation mode and functionalization, has been investigated on their effects on the load transfer ability of the CNT-epoxy interface. Further, by employing embedded cohesive zone model in finite element analysis, the macroscale effective material properties of the CNT-epoxy nanocomposites have been evaluated under the nanoscale interface effects. It is observed that covalent functionalization between CNT and polymer matrix can dramatically improve the load transfer ability of the interface at the nanocale, thereby enhancing the effective mechanical properties of the nanocomposites at the microscale. This work will assist in deepening our knowledge about the load transfer ability of the interface and the corresponding strengthening mechanisms in CNT reinforced epoxy nanocomposites.
Losing Embryos, Finding Justice: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Personhood.

In March 2018, a liquid nitrogen storage tank broke down at a fertility center in Ohio, causing the loss of over 4000 eggs and embryos from more than 950 persons. This incident has precipitated law...
Illustrating and Developing Science Teachers’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge Through Learning Study

Using a teacher educator’s perspective to study pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) as described in the Refined Consensus Model (RCM) of PCK, this chapter explores an approach to uncover teacher thinking that is grounded in the complex work of teaching and learning about teaching. PCK is described in the RCM as the knowledge that supports science teachers’ pedagogical reasoning during teaching. Stated from a teacher educator’s perspective, PCK is the knowledge used and developed by science teachers in their teaching practice. The complexity of teaching, however, creates a challenge for researchers and teacher educators interested in gathering evidence to better understand and document science teachers’ developing PCK. An approach to supporting science teacher learning that is embedded in the facets of teaching—planning, enacting, and reflecting—is learning study. Learning study engages teachers in cycles of describing phenomenon-based tasks, anticipating students’ ideas, and analysing learning. Each of these phases in the study of learning draws on science teachers’ pedagogical reasoning in ways that appear to be aligned with descriptions of collective PCK (cPCK) and distinguishes qualitative differences between individual teacher’s ePCK. In the context of graduate teacher education, this chapter describes the potential of learning study to enable researchers and teacher educators to capture, unpack, and refine our ideas about the features of PCK that guide science teachers’ thinking within the different facets of their teaching.
Abstract 170: Deep Phenotyping of HDL Particles: Characterization of Seven HDL Species and Their Relationship to Cardiometabolic Phenotypes in a Multi-Ethnic Population (Dallas Heart Study)

Background: Size-based HDL particle analysis based on small, medium, and large categories has led to inconsistent associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD). A new algorithm expands characteriz...
Imaging of Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy.

Purpose To investigate the impact of retinal toxicity from hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on fundus autofluorescence lifetimes using fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO). Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Twenty-four eyes of 12 patients with definite HCQ toxicity, 31 eyes of 16 clinically normal patients at high risk of developing HCQ toxicity (taking HCQ longer than 5 years), and 16 eyes of 8 clinically normal patients at low risk of developing HCQ toxicity (taking HCQ fewer than 5 years), as well as 22 age-matched healthy subjects. Methods Fluorescence lifetime images of a 30° retinal field centered at the fovea were collected at the Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah. A prototype Heidelberg Engineering Spectralis–based FLIO was used to detect autofluorescence lifetimes in short (SSC; 498–560 nm) and long (LSC; 560–720 nm) spectral channels. Mean fluorescence lifetimes were calculated. OCT scans and macular pigment measures were also recorded. Additionally, the autofluorescence lifetimes of HCQ were measured in a cuvette. Main Outcome Measures Mean autofluorescence lifetimes (τm). Results All patients with HCQ toxicity showed significantly prolonged FLIO lifetimes in regions of damage, typically in a bulls-eye distribution corresponding to toxic lesions in the retina (SSC: lesion, 400 ps; unremarkable retina, 294 ps; P Conclusions Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy seems to detect retinal toxicity from HCQ at very early stages and could be a novel method to detect retinal toxicity before irreversible damage is manifest.
Malignant risk of indeterminate pediatric thyroid nodules-An institutional experience.

BACKGROUND Few studies focus on pediatric thyroid nodules categorized under indeterminate diagnostic categories. The current study was conducted to assess the risk of malignancy of indeterminate pediatric thyroid nodules. METHODS A search of the institutional electronic pathology database from 01/2011 to 09/2018 was performed to identify pediatric (<21 years old) thyroid nodules that were interpreted as follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), suspicious for follicular neoplasm (SFN), or suspicious for malignancy (SFM) and subsequently managed with surgery, repeat fine-needle aspiration (FNA), or ≥ 6 months of clinical/imaging monitoring. Results of follow-up (F/U) surgical resections and repeat FNA/Afirma tests, and clinical and radiologic data were collected. RESULTS We identified 46 cases from 42 patients (11-20 years old, 33 females and 9 males), including 30 FLUS, 10 SFN, and 6 SFM. Twenty-five FLUS, ten SFN, and six SFM cases underwent surgery. The histology revealed carcinomas in 36% of FLUS, 20% of SFN, and 100% of SFM categories; follicular adenomas in 32% of FLUS and 80% of SFN categories; and benign nodules in 32% of FLUS category. All five nonsurgically treated FLUS cases were considered benign based on the findings of repeat FNA/Afirma tests (n = 3, 3-22 months F/U) or clinical/radiologic exams (n = 2, 8-12 months F/U). CONCLUSIONS Based on a limited study cohort, malignancy was identified in 36%, 20%, and 100% of surgically managed pediatric thyroid nodules categorized as FLUS, SFN, and SFM, respectively; suggesting a markedly higher malignant rate than the implied malignant risk for FLUS and SFM categories in adults.
In Memoriam: James R. Council, Ph.D., 1954-2019.

The hypnosis community has lost an important leader and friend. James (Jim) Council died unexpectedly on Friday, July 19, 2019, at his home in Fargo, North Dakota. He was 65 years old at the time o...
Structure and mechanical properties of electroplated mossy lithium: Effects of current density and electrolyte

Abstract Mechanical suppression, e.g., by applying stack pressures and using functionalized coatings, has been considered a promising approach to inhibit the formation of lithium (Li) dendrites and improve the cycling stability of the Li metal electrode. However, a lack of understanding of the mechanical behavior of electroplated mossy Li, consisting of loosely packed Li dendrites that are covered by solid electrolyte interphase, hinders the development of mechanical suppression strategies and limits the understanding of the electromechanical behavior of mossy Li. In this study, we investigated, using flat punch indentation in an argon-filled glovebox, the room temperature mechanical behavior and its relationship with the microstructure of mossy Li electroplated using different current densities (between 0.25 and 10 ​mA/cm2) in several electrolytes. The dendrite size decreases and the porosity of mossy Li increases with increasing current density. Mossy Li has lower Young’s modulus (E) but significantly higher creep resistance than bulk Li. A scaling relationship between E and porosity is established for mossy Li. The creep behavior of mossy Li exhibits a strong size effect, i.e., the steady-state impression velocity decreases with decreasing dendrite size. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical behavior of mossy Li.
Using Evidence Factors to Clarify Exposure Biomarkers

A study has 2 evidence factors if it permits 2 statistically independent inferences about 1 treatment effect such that each factor is immune to some bias that would invalidate the other factor. Because the 2 factors are statistically independent, the evidence they provide can be combined using methods associated with meta-analysis for independent studies, despite using the same data twice in different ways. We illustrate evidence factors, applying them in a new way in investigations that have both an exposure biomarker and a coarse external measure of exposure to a treatment. To illustrate, we consider the possible effects of cigarette smoking on homocysteine levels, with self-reported smoking and a cotinine biomarker. We examine joint sensitivity of 2 factors to bias from confounding, a central aspect of any observational study.
Molecular therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative diseases and injury

Abstract Molecular therapeutics for use in neurodegenerative disease and traumatic injury to the central nervous system have been implemented widely in preclinical studies and clinical trials. These strategies have broadly employed both pharmacologic and vector-driven gene-therapy approaches targeting different pathophysiologic mechanisms. As such, we have selected several representative indications that can serve as examples of traumatic, autoimmune, and mixed pathophysiologic mechanisms. The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of molecular therapeutic options in preclinical and clinical development in several representative indications of neurodegenerative disease and injury. Here we will discuss molecular therapies in development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and traumatic spinal cord injury.
Topical Application of Loperamide/Oxymorphindole, Mu and Delta Opioid Receptor Agonists, Reduces Sensitization of C-fiber Nociceptors that Possess NaV1.8.

It was recently shown that local injection, systemic administration or topical application of the peripherally-restricted mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist loperamide (Lo) and the delta-opioid receptor (DOR) agonist oxymorphindole (OMI) synergized to produce highly potent anti-hyperalgesia that was dependent on both MOR and DOR located in the periphery. We assessed peripheral mechanisms by which this Lo/OMI combination produces analgesia in mice expressing the light-sensitive protein channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) in neurons that express NaV1.8 voltage-gated sodium channels. These mice (NaV1.8-ChR2+) enabled us to selectively target and record electrophysiological activity from these neurons (the majority of which are nociceptive) using blue light stimulation of the hind paw. We assessed the effect of Lo/OMI on nociceptor activity in both naive mice and mice treated with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce chronic inflammation of the hind paw. Teased fiber recording of tibial nerve fibers innervating the plantar hind paw revealed that the Lo/OMI combination reduced responses to light stimulation in naive mice and attenuated spontaneous activity (SA) as well as responses to light and mechanical stimuli in CFA-treated mice. These results show that Lo/OMI reduces activity of C-fiber nociceptors that express NaV1.8 and corroborate recent behavioral studies demonstrating the potent analgesic effects of this drug combination. Because of its peripheral site of action, Lo/OMI might produce effective analgesia without the side effects associated with activation of opioid receptors in the central nervous system.
Bovine Calf Serum: Broadband Dielectric Properties and an Emulating Phantom

Bovine calf serum (BCS) is often used as a substitute to emulate synovial fluid, a fluid found in the human joints such as the elbow, knee, shoulder, and hip. To date, the dielectric properties of BCS are unknown, in turn limiting the development of RF/microwave solutions to monitor the joint(s). In this work, we report the first measurements of BCS dielectric properties (permittivity and loss tangent) in the 200 MHz to 20 GHz range. In addition, we present a phantom that accurately emulates the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of BCS. An example demonstration matches the BCS dielectric properties from 0.9 GHz to 1.9 GHz with a deviation of less than ±0.6 in relative permittivity and ±0.031 in loss tangent. Our recipe relies on readily available water, sugar (0.35 M), and salt (0.35 M), making the phantom an easy alternative to BCS for conducting RF/microwave experimental studies. By tweaking the sugar and salt content, our phantom can ultimately match the BCS dielectric properties in any desired frequency band.
Accommodating Pharmacy Students with Physical Disabilities During the Experiential Learning Curricula

Accommodating pharmacy students with physical disabilities during the experiential learning portion of the Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum can present unique challenges for pharmacy schools. The available literature on accommodations for pharmacy students in the experiential learning environment is sparse, leaving programs with little guidance. This commentary from the Big Ten Academic Alliance calls on the academy to create a community of shared resources and best practice examples and offers practical suggestions for accommodating pharmacy students with mobility, vision, and auditory disabilities during Introductory Pharmacy Practice Experiences (IPPEs) and Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs).
The City of Pittsburgh Goes to the Cloud: A Case Study of Cloud Solution Strategic Selection and Deployment

Faced with diminished resources and a need to provide enhanced employee email services, the City of Pittsburgh’s Chief Information Officer (CIO) had to navigate a stubborn bureaucracy to achieve his objectives. Using an IT-business alignment strategic approach to decide on a suitable IT solution, the City was able to select and deploy a cloud-based system in an objective and uncontested way. The City employed an Analytic Hierarchy Process prioritization methodology, which used various criteria obtained from the stakeholders to develop a decision-making framework to select the most suitable cloud solution. The case allows a review of best practices in the cloud solution selection process, using theoretical lenses from the fields of IT alignment, decision-making, and stakeholder management. This case study is particularly useful for learning how strategic decisions to adopt IT are made in public organizations.
An integrative literature review and critical reflection of intersectionality theory

Intersectionality theory has been used by nursing scholars to offer insight into how multiple systems of oppression mutually interact to impact health and to examine how multiple social modes of existence shape individual and group experiences of health inequality. The application of intersectionality theory, however, requires a reflexive critical lens to more effectively inform nursing science and practice. We draw on a comprehensive integrative literature review to offer a critical reflection by considering the semantic and structural consistency, generalizability, simplicity and complexity, and the utility and value of intersectionality theory to nursing science and practice. If nurses are to effectively utilize intersectionality theory, it is essential that we are able to analyze and speak to the multiple modes of existence based on historical, social, economic, and political processes that impact the health of those we serve. Critical examination of intersectionality enables nurses to further consider its value and usefulness when applied to nursing science and practice, particularly when addressing health and social inequalities.
Combination therapy with methadone and duloxetine for cancer-related pain: a retrospective study

Background A comprehensive approach to pain management often requires multimodal therapy and a combination of medications. Oncology patients may be prescribed methadone and duloxetine as single agents or in combination for cancer-related pain, particularly neuropathic pain. Duloxetine is also prescribed for depression or anxiety in patients with cancer. Methods A retrospective chart review on patients with cancer-related pain prescribed duloxetine and methadone combination therapy at the Virginia Commonwealth University supportive care clinic (SCC) between 2012 and 2019. Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) scores reported by patients on monotherapy were compared to scores after they started combination therapy. Of 131 patients identified on combination therapy, 43 met study criteria (2 with incomplete ESAS scores). Results ESAS total and subscores after combination therapy were lower than on monotherapy. Combination therapy decreased total, pain, and emotion subscores by 5.6 (SD =17.3, dz =-0.32, P=0.046), 0.9 (SD =3.0, dz =-0.30, P=0.052), and 1.8 (SD =5.1, dz =-0.36, P=0.023), respectively. On combination therapy, 28% of patients reported at least a two-point reduction in pain scores. All study participants reported cancer pain with neuropathic components; most had mixed pain syndromes comprising nociceptive and neuropathic components. Adherence rates were high as 81% of patients with follow-up appointments continued therapy. Conclusions These results suggest the combination of duloxetine and methadone reduces cancer-related pain and emotional symptom burden compared to either medication as a single agent.
CCAR-1 has a novel role in regulating the Caenorhabditis elegans germline

1.The Cell Division Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator (CCAR) protein family members are putative transcription regulators that have been characterized for modulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, and the heat shock response. Mammals have two CCAR family members, CCAR1 and CCAR2/DBC1, that evolved from the founding family member CCAR-1 that is expressed in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mammalian CCAR2, the most well-studied family member, has been shown to regulate genes involved in metabolism in cultured cells. However, the regulation of gene expression by CCAR family members at an organismal level is unknown. Here, we use whole transcriptome RNA sequencing to examine the effects of CCAR-1 on gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that CCAR-1 regulates germline transcription, reproduction, lifespan, and DNA-damage induced apoptosis. This study shows the role of CCAR-1 in vital physiological functions in the C. elegans germline that have not been investigated before.
Return of the Hall Monitor: Say Hello to the Chief Compliance Officer at a Pharmaceutical Company Near You

The ethical transformation in health care that gained momentum one score and seven years ago has its origins in a law signed on March 2, 1863, by the president famous for the words “four score and seven years ago” uttered that same year. The False Claims Act (the “FCA”), also known as “Lincoln’s Law” and the “Informer’s Act,” has evolved considerably since its enactment to become the “primary litigative tool for combating fraud.” Indeed, the FCA has altered the health care landscape so profoundly that even General Sherman would be envious of that single individual who now stands in prime position to survey the fraud and abuse behemoth from on high: Meet the modern day hall monitor, your Chief Compliance Officer.
Chapter 5 Rational Temperature Indices of Thermal Comfort

Publisher Summary This chapter describes physical or physiological indices of the thermal environment that have already been proven useful or that may prove valuable in future. Basic principles are discussed in the chapter by which indices, for thermal comfort in particular, may be developed and their usefulness judged. With the balance equation for human heat exchange with the thermal environment as a starting point, the following rational temperature indices have been developed: (1) operative temperature (T O ), which is a linear average of the ambient air temperature (T α ,) and mean radiant temperature (T r ), weighted by their respective linear transfer coefficients; (2) humid operative temperature (T oh ) and the new effective temperature (ET*). Both T oh and ET* are indices of the total heat exchange from the skin surface, while T o is a measure of the sensible heat exchange only; T oh is based on an equivalent saturated environment, while ET* on one with 50% RH. The effective transfer coefficient governing the evaporative loss from the skin surface is always inseparable from the associated skin wettedness factor. Transfer coefficients for sensible and insensible heat from the skin surface are modified by clothing insulation. When a reference environment is used with standardized clothing and air movement it is possible to describe any test environment in terms of (3) a standard operative temperature (T so ); (4) a standard ambient vapor pressure (e so ); and (5) the standard effective temperature combining both sensible and insensible heat transfer.
Crystal structure of the aminoglycosyl antibiotic puromycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate. Models for the terminal 3'-aminoacyladenosine moieties of transfer RNA's and protein-nucleic acid interactions.

Abstract The structure of puromycin, a broad spectrum antibiotic and a structural analogue of the terminal 3′-aminoacyladenosine moiety of charged transfer tRNA's has been accurately determined using a total of 1968 reflections measured on a diffractometer. The crystals are orthorhombic with space group P212121. The unit cell dimensions are: a = 28–642 A,6 = 13–211 A,c = 7–836 A. There are four formula units of puromycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate per unit cell. The structure was solved by a combination of the heavy-atom and tangent refinement methods. Refinement of the structure by the method of full matrix least-squares gave an R value of 0.055, the average estimated standard deviations in bond distances and bond angles are 0.008 A and 0.4 °, respectively. Puromycin exists as a di-cation, N(1) of the adenine base and the amino group of the amino acid are protonated. Both the adenosyl- and p-methoxyphenylalanyl residues occur in the preferred conformations. The nucleoside is in the anti conformation, X = 19.3 °, with C(3′)endo-C(2′)exo (3T2) puckering for the ribose, and the gauche-gauche conformation about the C(4′)—C(5′) bond. The amino acid is in the syn conformation about the C(2)—C(3) bond. The peptide group is approximately planar and it, too, exhibits the preferred conformation relative to the ribose. The symmetry related puromycin molecules form a zig-zagging “wall” normal to the ab plane. The water molecules and the chloride ions fill the channels between the walls. There are about twelve hydrogen bonds per molecule of puromycin. The chloride ions show tetrahedral co-ordination, while the water molecules show both three and four co-ordination with variable hydrogen bonding geometries. The adenine bases and the p-methoxyphenyl rings form alternating stacks with interplanar spacing of 3.4 A. Thus, the structure of puromycin provides a model for intercalation of aromatic rings between nucleic acid bases and a possible mode of interaction of aromatic side chains of proteins with nucleic acid bases. Most significantly the conformation of puromycin provides information on possible conformations for the terminal 3′-aminoacyladenosine moieties of charged tRNA's.
Analytical and experimental evaluation of cluster-based network servers

In this paper we use analytic modeling and simulation to evaluate network servers implemented on clusters of workstations. More specifically, we model the potential benefits of locality-conscious request distribution within the cluster and evaluate the performance of a cluster-based server (called L2S) we designed in light of our experience with the model. Our most important modeling results show that locality-conscious distribution on a 16-node cluster can increase server throughput with respect to a locality-oblivious server by up to 5-fold, depending on the average size of the files requested and on the size of the server's working set. Our simulation results demonstrate that L2S achieves throughput that is within 28% of the full potential of locality-conscious distribution on 16 nodes, outperforming and significantly outscaling the best-known locality-conscious server. Based on our results and on the fact that the files serviced by network servers are becoming larger and more numerous, we conclude that our locality-conscious network server should prove very useful for its performance, scalability, and availability properties.
Milton: Paradise Lost

Chronology The chronology of events in Paradise Lost Part I. Paradise Lost in Milton's Career and Age: 1. 'Long choosing, and beginning late' 2. Lycidas 3. Writing in the English Revolution and the Restoration 4. Milton's blindness 5. The Christian Doctrine and Milton's theological heresies Part II. Interpreting Paradise Lost: 6. 'Say first what cause': Paradise Lost and beginnings 7. 'To raise/That Name': Paradise Lost and epic ambition 8. The voice of the poet 9. Answerable styles 10. Satan: daring ambition and heroic ideology 11. Hell: geographical place and internal state 12. God, providence, and free will 13. Milton's Eden 14. Adam and Eve and human sexuality 15. The material cosmos of Paradise Lost 16. War in Heaven 17. Creation 18. The tragedy of the Fall 19. Postlapsarian history and the inner paradise Part III. The Literary Afterlife of Paradise Lost: 20. Revisions from the restoration to the romantics.
Testing for heritable thrombophilia in children at Starship Children's Hospital: an audit of requests between 2004 and 2009.

Aims: The aim of this study was to review patterns of requests for heritable thrombophilia and to audit these findings against an international standard. Methods: Review of requests for antithrombin, protein C, protein S, activated protein C resistance, Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutation analysis in children <16 years between 1/1/2004 and 31/12/2009. Data for patient characteristics, test results, origin of request, requesting department and indication were obtained. The 2010 British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH) clinical guidelines for testing for heritable thrombophilia was used as the standard for the audit. Results: On 269 patients, 379 requests were made. Thirty-four per cent of tests were abnormal but only 36% of abnormal tests were repeated. Seven per cent of patients were confirmed with a heritable thrombophilia. Thirty-four tests were performed on patients on anticoagulation. The median age was 6.903 years. Fifty-three per cent of requests came from a ward, 28% from outpatients, 14% from an intensive care department and 5% from the emergency department. Departments most frequently requesting tests were neurology (20%), paediatric intensive care (15%) and cardiology (12%). Indications for testing were arterial thrombosis (5%), cerebral vein thrombosis (4%), deep vein thrombosis (12%), stroke (23%), asymptomatic relative (6%), intra-abdominal vein thrombosis (8%), start oestrogen containing medication (2%), purpura fulminans (0.2%), heparin resistance (8%) and other (35%). Discussion: The large majority of requests did not satisfy the BCSH criteria. Requesting behaviours are haphazard. Better appreciation of the difficulties of interpreting results in children of different ages and in different clinical settings amongst paediatricians is required.
Interstellar Dust: Observations in the Ultraviolet and their Interpretations

Recent observations of interstellar extinction and diffuse galactic light in the ultraviolet are interpreted in terms of a bi-modal size distribution of interstellar grains.
Self-commutator inequalities in higher dimension

Three natural multi-dimensional substitutes for the self-commutator of a Hilbert space operator are introduced and generalizations of Putnam's inequality to tuples of operators with semidefinite self-commutators are indicated. In addition, a Riesz transform model is developed and investigated.
Nasal saline for allergic rhinitis

Reason for withdrawal from publication Protocol withdrawn from Issue 6, 2016. New protocol and review to be drafted by new author team.
Members of high-status groups are threatened by pro-diversity organizational messages

Abstract Members of high-status groups may perceive pro-diversity messages from organizations as threatening to their group's status. Two initial studies ( N = 322) demonstrate that when imagining applying for a job, whites—and not ethnic/racial minorities—expressed more concerns about being treated unfairly and about anti-white discrimination when the company mentioned (vs. did not mention) its pro-diversity values. In a third experiment, white men ( N = 77) participated in a hiring simulation. Participants applying to the pro-diversity company exhibited greater cardiovascular threat, expressed more concerns about being discriminated against, and made a poorer impression during the interview relative to white men applying to a neutral company. These effects were not moderated by individual differences in racial identification, racial attitudes, or system fairness beliefs. These findings suggest that high-status identities may be more sensitive to identity threats than commonly assumed, and that this sensitivity is robust to differences in higher-order beliefs and attitudes.
Chemical and Crystallographic Events in the Caries Process

The chemical and crystallographic events associated with the caries process can be described based on the results from the following studies: (a) effects of carbonate, magnesium, fluoride, and strontium on the physicochemical properties—lattice parameters, crystallinity (crystal size and strain); dissolution properties of synthetic apatites; (b) factors influencing the in vitro formation and transformation of DCPD, OCP, AP (Ca-deficient apatites), FAP, β-TCMP (Mg-substituted), and CaF2; and (c) studies on properties (crystallinity, composition, chemical, and thermal stabilities) of enamel, dentin, and bone.The dissolution of CO3-rich/Mg-rich/F-poor dental apatite crystals and re-precipitation of CO3-poor/Mg-poor/F-rich apatite in the presence of F- ions in solution contribute to a more acid-resistant surface layer of the caries lesion. Fluoride promotes the formation of less Ca-deficient and more stable apatite crystals. The presence of Ca, P, and F in solution inhibits dissolution of apatite more than do...
Juvenile hormone resistance: ! no PASaran !

The control of growth, differentiation, metamorphosis, and reproduction in insects is a complex interplay of hormones, with the steroid hormone ecdysone and the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone (JH) playing major roles. Molting is controlled by ecdysone, and the type of molt is controlled by JH. The presence of JH maintains the insect in the juvenile (larval) state, hence its name (1), and the relative absence of JH allows metamorphosis to proceed. With the discovery of insect JH came the idea that application of JH or its agonists at an inopportune time, when the insect required the absence of JH for metamorphosis—the “Achilles’ heel” of insect development—would disrupt this complex endocrine machinery. Analogs of JH, developed since the 1970s and euphemistically called “insect growth regulators,” are now among the most environmentally friendly types of insecticides. These chemicals, including methoprene, pyriproxyfen, and fenoxycarb, proved to be excellent mimics of the natural hormone, but, paradoxically, the molecular mode of action of JH has remained very much a mystery (2, 3). Now, studies on the insect’s response to these powerful chemicals—resistance—provide a direct avenue into the mode of action of JH itself. Ashok et al. (4) report in the current issue of the Proceedings the identity of the Methoprene-tolerant gene of Drosophila melanogaster as a member of the bHLH-PAS family of transcriptional regulators. This significant advance raises many questions, and its implications will be discussed here. Selection for methoprene-resistant mutants in D. melanogaster led to the definition of a genetic locus, Methoprene-tolerant or Met (5). Flies carrying the Met alleles are up to 100-fold resistant to structurally diverse JH analogs and to JH itself. The Met flies are not only resistant to the lethal effects of JH, but also to all the more subtle morphogenetic signs of hormone excess. For instance, treatment with methoprene …
Obliteration of fat planes by perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma along the inferior alveolar nerve

Squamous cell carcinoma showed perineural spread along the inferior alveolar nerve. Key CT features of this spread were foramen enlargement, resurfacing of tumor, and asymmetry of fat spaces.
Elastically driven polaron patterns: Stripes and glass phases

We investigate a model of elasticity-driven polaron pattern formation on a two-dimensional lattice at finite temperatures. We show that, at high densities, polaron stripes (glass-like) form when the gas is cooled. These stripes melt to a polaron gas upon heating. We attribute the emergent behavior to the role of the long-range, directional elastic interactions that favor a minimum in energy for polaron stripe formation.
The Prognostic Significance of Functional Limitations among Women with Breast Cancer.

Background:With the aging of the population, functional limitations are a growing burden among women with breast cancer. The prognostic impact of functional status among breast cancer survivors is not well understood.Methods:A total of 2270 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 1997 and 2000, and followed in the prospective cohort study, Life after Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) were included. Information on functional limitations, health behaviors, anthropometric and demographic factors was self-reported by participants at enrollment. Tumor characteristics, treatment and outcomes were ascertained from medical records.Associations between functional limitations and survival from all causes, breast cancer specific causes and competing causes were analyzed with delayed entry Cox proportional hazards regression.Results:Thirty-nine percent of the cohort reported one or more limitations at study entry. Compared to women without functional limitations (n=1,345), those with one or more limitations (n = 857) were proportionately more likely to be elderly, less educated and more obese (all p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2067.
Optical non-linear property of Au colloid-doped glass and the laser irradiation stability

The optical non-linear property of an Au colloid-doped glass was measured by degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) experiments using a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser with 7 ns pulse duration. The pulse duration of the phase-conjugate reflection was 4 ns, indicating the fast response time of the glass. The third-order susceptibility χ(3) was estimated to be 2.5 × 10−11 e.s.u. (3.5 × 10−19 m2 V−2). The photodarkening effect was not observed and the phase-conjugate reflection was stable against the laser irradiation.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; A CASE OF LEARNING THROUGH EVALUATION?

The aim of environmental monitoring programs is to provide information useful in enforcing existing environmental statutes and helping to detect and prevent future problems. Despite the considerable number of monitoring programs being conducted, information on the quality of the nation's environment remains poor and of little use in supporting environmental policymaking. This paper examines the role evaluation has played in developing an effective nationwide environmental monitoring system. Background information on environmental monitoring programs is provided, followed by a discussion of the evaluations of past programs and recommendations made for improvement. One program in particular, the “Status and Trends” program administered by the National Oceanic and ATmospheric Administration, is examined to explore whether environmental monitoring demonstrates a case of learning through evaluation. “Status and Trends” is based on the experience gained during several of the previous monitoring programs and incorporates many of the recommendations spawned from earlier environmental programs. Whether the program demonstrates a case of learning through evaluation will depend on the ability of the program to evolve as we learn more about environmental quality and out ability to measure it.
The Morphology of Chinese: A Linguistic and Cognitive Approach

1. Introduction 2. Defining the word in Chinese 3. Chinese word components 4. Gestalt Chinese words 5. X-bar analysis of Chinese words 6. Lexicalization and Chinese words 7. Chinese words and the lexicon 8. Chinese words: conclusions References Index.
The midbrain periaqueductal gray: A brainstem structure involved in vocalization

Experiments were performed on one Macaca fascicularis and three Macaca mulatto monkeys. Electrical stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) elicited phonation closely resembling that n...
Investigation of Scattering Properties of Large-Scale Aperiodic Tilings Using a Combination of the Characteristic Basis Function and Adaptive Integral Methods

This paper presents a hybrid approach for efficient analysis of electromagnetic (EM) scattering from large-scale aperiodic structures (e.g., aperiodic Penrose and Danzer tilings), which integrates the characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and the adaptive integral method (AIM). By performing a domain decomposition, a series of characteristic basis functions (CBFs) that are defined on a macro block and comprised of a relatively large number of sub-domain basis functions facilitate a substantial reduction in the method of moments (MoM) matrix size, enabling the use of a direct solver for large problems. The AIM is applied to accelerate the calculation of CBFM-reduced MoM matrices, significantly decreasing the CPU time and memory required for solving large-scale problems. As the size of one block becomes electrically large, the original CBFM combined with the AIM is employed to generate the initial CBFs by solving a large problem with multiple excitations, which results in efficiently constructing the final CBFs afforded by the singular value decomposition (SVD) procedure. This methodology produces a two-level “CBFM + AIM” hybrid algorithm for efficiently characterizing large-scale objects. The numerical results presented demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithm. Then, the developed solver is applied to investigate EM scattering properties of large-scale aperiodic tilings. The numerical results show that Penrose/Danzer tilings exhibit significantly improved grating lobe suppression as compared to their periodic counterparts.
Abstract LB-220: Molecular predictors of sensitivity to an IGF1R inhibitor in pre-clinical models of lung and colon cancers

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Targeting the insulin like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathway is a promising approach against a variety of cancers and several clinical trials are now underway designed to evaluate the efficacy of IGF1R inhibitors singly or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. Identification of the optimal patient population likely to respond is critical to the success of this class of targeted agents. To identify potentially predictive biomarkers, we sought to correlate response to figitumumab (CP-751,871), a fully human monoclonal antibody against IGF1R with molecular characteristics across a panel of cell lines. Growth inhibition to CP-751,871 was assessed in a panel of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (n=27) and colon cancer cell lines (n=21) cultured in anchorage and anchorage-independent conditions. Mutation status, whole-genome mRNA expression and DNA copy number were correlated to drug sensitivity. In addition, RNA expression of key genes in relevant signaling pathways was also interrogated via real time PCR. In the present studies, the frequency of response was greater in colon cancer cell lines than in NSCLC. Tissue or cell origin-specific expression levels of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) were associated with sensitivity. Low IGFBP3 expression [p=0.0035] correlated with response in NSCLC cell lines whereas low IGFBP6 [p=0.013] and IGF2BP3 [p=0.038] expression correlated with response in colon cancer lines. Increased IGF1R mRNA [p=0.045] levels, microsatellite stability, and PIK3CA wild-type status were also correlated with sensitivity in colon cancer lines. In addition, high expression of erbB2 [p=0.04] and erbB3 [p=0.04] were also associated with sensitivity of colon cancer lines. Collectively, findings from these studies are of potential value to identify patient populations with increased probability of benefit from IGF1R targeted agents. Our results further indicate that molecular predictors associated with the IGF1R pathway are potentially distinct between lung and colon cancer lines and additional studies to extend to other tumor types are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-220.