cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Customer Expectation of Out-of-Stocks in an Omni-Channel Context: A Call for Supply Chain Management Research

The increased use of e-commerce has caused the distinctions between the physical and digital retail environments to continually diminish, giving rise to omni-channel strategies and retail experiences for consumers (Brynjolfsson et al. 2013; Rigby 2011). Shoppers are increasingly accessing retail websites from smartphones while in retail stores and buying product online when faced with the physical unavailability of desired products on-shelf. This current shift provides interesting new research opportunities for supply chain management (SCM) scholars, as such switching behavior has significant implications for demand forecasting, inventory visibility, and product distribution in the retail supply chain. Hence, a better understanding of how customers are impacted by retail out-of-stocks in an omni-channel setting is necessary, particularly since inventory availability is a key retail supply chain management performance measure.
Scanning electron microscopy of embryos.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides descriptions of wet chemical, alcohol dehydration and critical point-drying methods that developed for routine preparation of sea urchin embryos for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in the secondary electron mode. Therefore, artifacts of specimen preparation and operational parameters of the SEM scope are reviewed. After the basic procedures of preparing specimens and the morphological information derived from SEM secondary electron images are obtained, then is the time to use SEM instrumentation and techniques for further bridging the gap between light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. In particular, secondary electron images of the labeling of cell surfaces through markers such as latex spheres and colloidal gold coupled with improved techniques for preserving the integrity of hydrated molecules can vastly improve the detection and localization of a number of developmentally interesting macromolecules. Finally, backscatter electron imaging of structures differentially “stained” with various heavy metals in addition to colloidal gold markers offer unexplored opportunities. The main limits of these opportunities are inertia, time, and imagination.
Bio-nano interactions detected by nanochannel electrophoresis

Engineered nanoparticles have been widely used in industry and are present in many consumer products. However, their bio-safeties especially in a long term are largely unknown. Here, a nanochannel-electrophoresis-based method is proposed for detecting the potential bio-nano interactions that may further lead to damages to human health and/or biological environment. Through proof-of-concept molecular dynamics simulations, it was demonstrated that the transport of a protein-nanoparticle complex is very different from that of a protein along. By monitoring the change of ionic currents induced by a transported analyte as well as the transport velocities of the analyte, the complex (with bio-nano interaction) can be clearly distinguished from the protein alone (with no interaction with tested nanoparticles).
Teaching Youth Again: Reflecting on Renewal

Most of the professors contributing to this book had spent several years away from teaching children and adolescents, and they yearned to return to K-12 teaching to prove to themselves that they could (still) be effective teachers of youth. They could not move forward as credible people of reform and reform-based practices without putting into practice with K-12 students what they espoused as science educators. The preservice and in-service teachers with whom they worked needed to know, for example, that inquiry learning could be supported in the context of their schools and with their students (Lunenberg et al. 2007). By teaching again, they also aspired to updating and strengthening knowledge and skills in practice, practical knowledge for leading productive learning environments for science (Van Driel et al. 2001). Most of the contributing authors sought to regain credibility with fresh experiences teaching youth of diverse backgrounds and in schools with twenty-first-century technology and high-stakes testing. More boldly, a few ventured into teaching science for the first time, working with learners in grades below their prior teaching experience.
Song Ci (1186–1249), “Father of World Legal Medicine”: History, Science, and Forensic Culture in Contemporary China

Song Ci (1186–1249) was an official of the Southern Song Dynasty best known for authoring the Collected Writings on the Washing Away of Wrongs (Xiyuan jilu), a work often hailed as the world's firs...
Reduction of Matrices

The central problem of linear algebra is to understand the structure of linear transformations in geometrical terms. If the matrix of a given linear transformation in some basis has a special form, for example if it is diagonal, then we can say something about how the transformation acts. Equivalently, if a given matrix is similar to a matrix of a special kind, then the linear transformation it determines (in any basis) will be special in a corresponding way.
It’s Who I Am: Student Identity Centrality and College Student Success

Despite considerable research on student retention and persistence, college graduation rates remain modest. This article proposes the concept of student identity centrality, which is defined as the...
Design Resources for Incorporating PtD

AbstractDesigners (architects and engineers) in the U.S. construction industry find it difficult to consider prevention through design (PtD) in the projects they undertake, primarily due to the lac...
Toward a High-Impact Integrated Curriculum Partnership

In this chapter, the authors provide a theoretical foundation, along with qualitative and quantitative evidence, to demonstrate the high impact of an integrated curriculum partnership between a community youth center and its nearest neighbor a large, public university. College students engaging the community, in multiple semesters taking different courses, helped elementary school community youth build a foundation for success. University students found that community engagement enhances their appreciation for collective actions in advancing social change, as well as, their knowledge and necessary skills in being an integral part of the change process.
Gearbox of Wind Turbine

A gearbox is often used in a wind turbine to increase the rotational speed from a low-speed main shaft to a high-speed shaft connecting with an electrical generator. Gears in wind turbine gearbox are subjected to severe cyclic loading due to variable wind loads that are stochastic in nature. Thus, the failure rate of gearbox system is reported to be relatively higher than the other wind turbine components. It is known in wind energy industry that improving reliability of gearbox designs is one of the key points to reduce wind turbine downtime and to make wind energy competitive as compared to fossil fuels. However, a wind turbine is a complex multi-physics system involving random wind loads, rotor blade aerodynamics, gear dynamics, electrical generator, and control systems. How to get an accurate prediction of the gearbox lifetime is a challenging issue. Furthermore, although some studies about wind turbine gear failure modes are carried out, limited studies have been carried out regarding design optimization including the reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of the gear system considering wind load and manufacturing uncertainties.
The Tits conjecture and the five string braid group

It has been conjectured by J. Tits [1] that all relations satisfied by the squares of the generators in any Artin group are consequences of the relations of commutativity satisfied by the generators. In this article, we show that this conjecture is true for the 5-string braid group. Let Γ = (V,E, μ) be a weighted graph with weight function μ assigning to each edge e of Γ an integer μ(e) ≥ 2. The Artin group AΓ is the group generated by the vertices of Γ with, for each edge e = x, y of Γ, the relation xyxy · · · = yxyx · · ·, where each side consists of μ(e) factors. We call Γ the Artin graph of the group AΓ. J. Tits [1] has conjectured that all relations satisfied by the squares of the given generators of AΓ are consequences of the relations x2y2 = y2x2, where e = x, y is an edge of Γ, and μ(e) = 2. That is, that the subgroup of AΓ generated by these elements is isomorphic to the group AΓ2 where Γ2 is the graph obtained by deleting from Γ all edges e of weight μ(e) 6= 2. K. Appel and P. Schupp, [1], have shown that the conjecture is true if all edges have weight greater than 3. S. Pride [4] has shown the conjecture is true for all Artin groups whose graphs contain no triangles. As special cases of the Artin groups we have the classical braid groups. The n-string braid group, Bn, is generated by elements σi, 1 ≤ i 1, and σiσi+1σi = σi+1σiσi+1 for 1 ≤ i ≤ n− 2. The generator σi denotes the braid:
Correlation of neutron and heavy-ion damage: II. The predicted temperature shift if swelling with changes in radiation dose rate☆

Abstract The theoretically predicted shift in the temperature regime of void growth with changes in atomic displacement rate is investigated. The general relations from which the swelling rate may be calculated as a function of temperature and dose rate are first recalled. Based on these, simpler explicit expressions for temperature shift with dose rate are derived. Each of these expressions applies in a different limiting regime of void growth, which is determined by the dominant process of point defect loss — that is, whether by mutual recombination in the matrix or by absorption at sinks, and by the mode of point defect absorption at voids, i.e., whether surface reaction or diffusion controlled. The physical bases of differences in these expressions are described. A compact summary of this information is presented.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae — Rising Infection Rates, Dwindling Treatment Options

Neisseria gonorrhoeae As antibiotic resistance grows, patients with gonorrhea infection may require extended hospital stays and additional follow-up visits, which could impose a serious burden on health care systems and social productivity internationally.
Movement of components in reversed-phase chromatography

Abstract The retention volume of a peak that is neither retained nor excluded from the mobile phase space in the column is required for determination of retention (capacity) factor and related thermodynamic quantities. In liquid chromatography with multi-component eluents, however, the mobile phase space is theoretically indeterminate owing to interaction between the individual components and the stationary phase and therefore definition and measurement of the mobile phase necessitates that an appropriate convention be found. Here the following four conventions are examined: (i) “all mobile phase components are present in the solvation layer”; (ii) “no solvation layer exists”; (iii) “one given eluent component is not present in the solvation layer”; and (iv) “the most weakly bound solvent component is not present in the solvation layer”. Whereas all conventions appear to be acceptable for a thermodynamic description of the interaction between mobile phase components and the stationary phase in most cases, they yield different values of retention factors and associated thermodynamic properties for eluites. Furthermore, the use of some conventions can give rise to practical problems, e.g., experimental determination of void volume by use of the first convention is ill-defined in general and the second and third conventions can lead to negative values for the mobile phase space. The present work suggests that the fourth convention is free of these problems and provides retention factor values which are more appropriate for use in liquid chromatography than those obtained by the other conventions.
Athletic Training Educators' Instructional Methods and Confidence in Graduating Students' Abilities regarding Psychosocial Intervention and Referral.

Context: Graduating athletic training students must consider both physical and mental aspects of injury to fully rehabilitate the injured athlete; however, programs may not be preparing students to apply psychosocial strategies that can improve the recovery process. Objective: To examine Psychosocial Intervention and Referral (PIR) content area curricular methods (instruction and assessment) and the confidence of program directors (PDs) in a graduating student's ability to utilize psychological interventions. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: An Internet e-survey gathered information from 128 undergraduate PDs. Patients or Other Participants: 128 undergraduate professional education PDs; response rate 38.3% (128/334) Data Collection and Analysis: E-survey variables included educational background (accredited program or internship) and years of PD service, courses, instruction and assessment methods, program demographics (10), content area emphasis rank, and PD's confidence in graduating students' P...
Histopathology and molecular biology of oligodendrogliomas

Abstract Historically, oligodendrogliomas have been defined morphologically as glial tumors marked by cells with rounded nuclei and scant cytoplasm. In the most recent revision to the World Health Organization classification of brain tumors, the definition of oligodendroglioma has been expanded to incorporate certain molecular findings, notably mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDH) and deletions on chromosomes 1p and 19q. The purpose of this chapter is to review the classic morphologic features of oligodendrogliomas and to provide an overview of the key molecular pathologic findings utilized in clinical practice. This chapter will also consider morphologic differential diagnostic considerations including lesions such as diffuse astrocytoma, neurocytoma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor and clear cell ependymoma, and discuss how to distinguish these look-alikes from oligodendrogliomas.
Future of peanut pest management: a plant pathologist's perspective.

ABSTRACT Integrated pest management (IPM) is a broad-based approach for pest control that has been used since the 1950s. This approach uses a variety of management tactics to keep pest levels below...
Higher Education: A Conspiracy? How Students View Their Chances At A Four-Year Institution

Many students in four-year-degree institutions do not graduate within the stipulated time period. In this paper, we address a growing student explanation for this phenomenon: A "conspiracy" by university administrators to deliberately delay graduation by implementing poor academic advising in order to profiteer from student haplessness. It draws upon findings from a larger study exploring undergraduates' usage and perceptions of as well as satisfaction with academic advising. The study was conducted in 2011 at a rapidly expanding mid-size public university in the Northeast. We utilize a mixed methodology with an online survey (3,331 respondents) and in-depth focus groups (103 participants). The paper concludes with policy implications and suggestions.
22. A NOVEL, FAST, SINGLE TUBE AMPLIFICATION AND INDEXING APPROACH FOR PGT-A FOR ILLUMINA® SEQUENCING INSTRUMENTS

Introduction Most methods to prepare embryo biopsy samples for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) for Illumina® sequencing instruments use a two-step approach of Whole Genome Amplification (WGA) followed by library preparation. A single tube, PCR indexing approach offers several advantages for laboratories performing PGT-A including protocol time efficiencies and reduced hands on time. A novel protocol has been developed based on the PerkinElmer DOPlify® WGA kit. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and performance characteristics of this protocol on 5 cell samples from euploid, single and double trisomy cell lines. Material and methods Five-cell samples representative of trophectoderm biopsy were manually sorted from aneuploid cell lines (Coriell Institute) and euploid lymphocytes. Cell lysis and WGA were performed using a modified DOPlify® kit protocol (PerkinElmer) followed by incorporation of Illumina specific adapter sequences and unique indexes in a novel single tube approach. Amplified, indexed cell samples were purified, quantified then pooled before 50 sample multiplex and 1 × 75bp read length sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq® Instrument using v3 chemistry. Sequencing data was analysed for correct aneuploidy calling using the PG-Find™ software (PerkinElmer). Results A total of 104 multicell samples were processed with the following karyotypes: 47,XY,+15 (n=22), 47,XX,+18 (n=20), 48,XXY,+21 (n=20), 46,XY (n=22) and 46,XX (n=20). Three samples were excluded from final analysis due to weak amplification (3%). All other samples were processed through to sequencing and displayed the expected karyotype when analysed with the PG-Find™ software, with no false positives or false negatives observed. The 50-sample multiplex generated an average of 510,000 mapped reads per sample with a 98.9% mapping rate to hg19. The novel protocol took on average 4.5 hours (2.5 hours hands on) to process 50 samples from sample receipt to MiSeq® Instrument loading. Conclusions The novel one tube amplification and indexing method was shown to be a fast, accurate protocol for PGT-A utilising Illumina® sequencing instruments. Sequencing ready, 50 sample multiplex pools were prepared in 4.5 hours, readily enabling a less than 24 hour turn-around time from sample receipt to reporting. Studies processing single cells (representative of blastomere biopsy) and cell samples with smaller segmental aberrations to determine the resolution of the protocol are underway, which will be followed by clinical validation using embryo biopsy samples.
Abstract P102: A Vegan Approach for Gestational Hypertension in African Americans

The mortality rates in the African American infant population are higher than average. Non-Hispanic black infants died 11.4 to 1000 live births in 2016. The majority of complications stem from unco...
Uncompensated Care: How Much is Too Much?

Texas is home to the largest uninsured population in the U.S. Such problems emerge, in large measure, from thestateâ€™s rejection of Medicaid expansion. That decision has prevented Texas from receiving $100 billion in federalcash over a decade. Consequently, the number of uninsured residents either going without local medical care oroverloading adjacent communities is likely to increase. Therefore, this study seeks to explain the implicationsof Medicaid expansion in Denton county. This paper explores the effects of expanding Medicaid and how thatwould affect race, income, and Medicaid eligibility for indigent patients. The results of a Pythonâ€“based simulationshow that, adjusting for Dentonâ€™s population growth at projected levels of uninsured, by 2020 the uncompensatedcare will cost Denton County $42,716,796. This number will continue to rise to a total of $61,462,134 as a resultof ceasing Medicaid expansion and getting rid of the individual mandate. These numbers are important as theyshow the rising costs of uncompensated care that are associated with an increase in population growth.
Commentary on Interest-Driven Creator theory: a US perspective on fostering interest, creativity, and habit in school

In this commentary on Interest-Driven Creator (IDC) theory, the authors reflect on the proposed three-step cycles of (i) sparking students’ interest, (ii) fostering individual creativity, and (iii) inculcating lifelong learning habits. Each component of IDC theory pulls together a wide span of prior research and emphasizes active roles for students. Although the context of IDC as a prototype for educational reform is K-12 Asian classrooms, we note that some US schools are also mired in a focus on test scores. This is especially true among the US most struggling, low-income schools, where a lack of electives and afterschool programs correspond to diminished student perceptions about their own autonomy as learners and their future creative potential. Thus, while IDC is an important provocation for curricular reform in Asia, there is also the need to broaden its scope and begin to explore the potential of IDC as a leadership tool beyond Asia. The wider learning sciences community, the commentary concludes, is uniquely suited to support such an extension, and there are many opportunities for productive international collaboration.
Generating pronounceable nonsense words: nifty assignment

This assignment explores the use of the Map interface to generate pronounceable nonsense words, similar to those found in "The Jabberwocky" by Lewis Carroll, using three probabilistic models of word creation that become progressively more accurate. Sample generated words can be seen in Table 1. Students were able to finish this assignment within a 3-hour lab session, and enjoyed thinking of definitions for their generated nonsense words.
Docking Troponin T onto the Tropomyosin Overlapping Domain of Thin Filaments.

Abstract Complete description of thin filament conformational transitions accompanying muscle regulation requires ready access to atomic structures of actin-bound tropomyosin-troponin. To date, several molecular-docking protocols have been employed to identify troponin interactions on actin-tropomyosin because high-resolution experimentally determined structures of filament-associated troponin are not available. However, previously published all-atom models of the thin filament show chain separation and corruption of components during our molecular dynamics simulations of the models, implying artifactual subunit organization, possibly due to incorporation of unorthodox tropomyosin-TnT crystal structures and complex FRET measurements during model construction. For example, the recent Williams et al. (2016) atomistic model of the thin filament displays a paucity of salt bridges and hydrophobic complementarity between the TnT tail (TnT1) and tropomyosin, which is difficult to reconcile with the high, 20 nM Kd binding of TnT onto tropomyosin. Indeed, our molecular dynamics simulations show the TnT1 component in their model partially dissociates from tropomyosin in under 100 ns, whereas actin-tropomyosin and TnT1 models themselves remain intact. We therefore revisited computational work aiming to improve TnT1-thin filament models by employing unbiased docking methodologies, which test billions of trial rotations and translations of TnT1 over three-dimensional grids covering end-to-end bonded tropomyosin alone or tropomyosin on F-actin. We limited conformational searches to the association of well-characterized TnT1 helical domains and either isolated tropomyosin or actin-tropomyosin yet avoided docking TnT domains that lack known or predicted structure. The docking programs PIPER and ClusPro were used, followed by interaction energy optimization and extensive molecular dynamics. TnT1 docked to either side of isolated tropomyosin but uniquely onto one location of actin-bound tropomyosin. The antiparallel interaction with tropomyosin contained abundant salt bridges and intimately integrated hydrophobic networks joining TnT1 and the tropomyosin N-/C-terminal overlapping domain. The TnT1-tropomyosin linkage yields well-defined molecular crevices. Interaction energy measurements strongly favor this TnT1-tropomyosin design over previously proposed models.
Dynamics of direct hydrocarbon polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Hydrocarbons have 50-100 times higher energy per unit weight compared to commercially available batteries, thus harvesting only 10% of the energy from hydrocarbons could provide a far lighter energy source for portable electronic devices. With this motivation, the feasibility of using polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells with propane fuel, operating at low temperatures ( 24 mA/cm2) the power output gradually decreases then rapidly "extinguishes" (i.e., produces no power). However, by employing an unconventional operating mode (load-interrupt) where the current is shut off for a short period of time and then reapplied, the average maximum power density increased to 11.6 mW/cm2. Furthermore, the extinction of the fuel cell can be further improved by seeding a small amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons (~2000ppm) into the fuel stream and can extend the lifetime of the fuel cell by more than 10 times.
Enhanced Fuel Decomposition in the Presence of Colloidal Functionalized Graphene Sheet-Supported Platinum Nanoparticles

Experiments and simulations were used to demonstrate that decorating functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs) with platinum nanoparticles (Pt@FGS) stabilized these particles. Addition of these particles to liquid hydrocarbon fuels was observed to significantly affect decomposition under supercritical conditions at a pressure of 4.75 MPa and temperatures from 753 to 803 K. The suspension of only 50 ppmw Pt@FGS in the fuel (equivalent to adding 10 ppmw Pt) enhanced fuel conversion rates (by up to 24%) with a major effect on specific product yields. The production of low-molecular-weight species increased in the pyrolysis products (with the hydrogen yield increasing by a factor of 12.5). ReaxFF molecular dynamics (MD) simulations supported a mechanism in which synergy between Pt and FGS catalyzed dehydrogenation during n-C12H26 pyrolysis. The highest conversion rates and greatest yields of hydrogen and low-molecular-weight species were observed for fuels containing Pt@FGS particles rather than those containing either FGSs or Pt-clusters alone. Analysis of the platinum decorated FGSs post reaction indicated no deterioration of the composite particles.
The Nexus of Social Progress and Economic Inequality: Implications for the Grand Challenges for Social Work

In its extended history, social progress has become a metanarrative of the western world, one that has been both extolled and more recently pervasively dismissed. This review examines this history,...
Security of Control Systems with Erroneous Observations

Abstract We address the problem of security of stochastic control systems when observation measurements used to close the control loop may be erroneous, due to a malicious adversary who has intercepted the associated sensors or the communication network. We show how the method of dynamic watermarking can be employed to secure such a system. This is a method of defense based on stochastic considerations, relying on the inability of the attacker to separate the ambient noise present in the system from a deliberatively superimposed random watermark. We present the results of experiments against several attacks, and show the capability of this method to detect attacks in all the tested cases. The experiments are conducted on a prototypical process control system consisting of two coupled water tanks.
Vitamin D3 attenuates doxorubicin-induced senescence of human aortic endothelial cells by upregulation of IL-10 via the pAMPKα/Sirt1/Foxo3a signaling pathway

The toxicity of doxorubicin to the cardiovascular system often limits its benefits and widespread use as chemotherapy. The mechanisms involved in doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular damage and possible protective interventions are not well-explored. Using human aortic endothelial cells, we show vitamin D3 strongly attenuates doxorubicin-induced senescence and cell cycle arrest. We further show the protective effects of vitamin D3 are mediated by the upregulation of IL-10 and FOXO3a expression through fine modulation of pAMPKα/SIRT1/FOXO3a complex activity. These results have great significance in finding a target for mitigating doxorubicin-induced cardiovascular toxicity.
Storytellin’ by the light of the lantern: A polyvocal dialogue turnin’ towards critical Black curriculum studies

Once we were walking down a road and we saw a little Ghanaian boy. He was running and happy in the happy sunshine. My husband made a comment springing from an argument we had had the night before t...
Boundary element methods based nearfield acoustic holography for fluids with constant flow

In this work, we present integral formulations to recover an arbitrarily shaped structure's vibrations from nearfield pressure measurements when the medium contains constant flow. This problem is central to the application of the Nearfield Acoustic Holography (NAH) technique. The classical application of the NAH for arbitrarily shaped geometries utilizes an integral formulation that not includes flow information. In many instances, we can argue that the classical application of NAH will be appropriate for a small subsonic flow instead of the more complicated integral formulations that contain the flow information. The main question that we should ask is how large the flow should be to impact the classical NAH reconstruction. Similarly, we want to quantify the advantage of using the integral formulations with flow information for these conditions. We intend to address these questions using numerically simulated data from point sources. [This work has been supported by the Office of Naval Research.]
Anticompetitive Merger Review

U.S. antitrust law empowers enforcers to review pending mergers that might undermine competition. But there is growing evidence that the merger-review regime is failing to perform its core procompetitive function. Industry concentration and the power of dominant firms are increasing across key sectors of the economy. In response, progressive advocates of more aggressive antitrust interventions have critiqued the substantive merger-review standard, arguing that it is too friendly to merging firms. This Article traces the problem to a different source: the merger-review process itself. The growing length of reviews, the competitive restrictions merger agreements place on acquisition targets during review, and the targets’ resulting loss of strength harm competition and consumers. As a result, an enforcement regime designed to protect competition is damaging it instead. The rise of antitrust reverse termination fees (“ARTFs”)—payments from the acquirer to the target if the merger fails antitrust review—demonstrates the anticompetitive effect of the review process. This Article argues that these fees represent the parties’ negotiated prediction of the competitive costs to the target of entering the merger agreement (and therefore the competitive gains to the acquirer and other rivals in the relevant market). ARTFs also indicate the possibility of anticompetitive manipulation of the merger-review process. Knowing that reviews sometimes take over a year to resolve, acquirers can enter a merger agreement and use an ARTF to buy competitive peace—even when they expect the merger will be rejected—all the while harming consumers. Reform proponents have suggested several ways potentially to shorten merger investigations, such as limiting enforcement agencies’ discovery demands, but these modifications only reduce the problem at the margins. This Article proposes a more effective reform: a requirement that the antitrust enforcement agencies announce a group of highly concentrated markets in which they will challenge any proposed merger, unless one of the firms is failing. This strategy, which the antitrust agencies have employed in an ad hoc fashion in the past, will discourage anticompetitive mergers and eliminate lengthy reviews that harm consumers.
Post-embolization outcomes of splenic artery pseudoaneurysms: A single-center experience.

Abstract Purpose Splenic artery pseudoaneurysms (PSA) are relatively rare but associated with high mortality/morbidity when presenting acutely. Embolization has emerged as the treatment of choice. We aim to evaluate the outcomes of embolization for the treatment of splenic artery PSAs. Methods From 2007 to 2019, all patients that underwent embolization for splenic artery PSAs were included in this IRB-approved review. Evaluated outcomes included complications, morbidity/mortality rates, and 30-day white blood cell count. Student t-tests were performed to compare laboratory values before and after embolization. 5-year survival rates were estimated using Kaplan Meier methodology. Results A retrospective analysis of 24 patients (14 males, mean age 51 ± 19 years) who underwent splenic artery PSA embolization was performed. Fifteen PSA embolizations were performed in an emergent setting. There was technical success in 23/24 patients. Etiologies included trauma (10), pancreatitis (9), post-surgical (3), and malignancy (2). Post-embolization patients had a mean length of stay of 19 days and within 30 days, 9 patients developed leukocytosis (median of 14,800/μl). The 5-year survival rate of these patients was 89% [95% CI 75% - 100%]. Post-procedure, 4 patients developed grade 2 complications. Grade 3 complications were observed in 5 patients. One (4.2%) splenic abscess was identified. Of the 19 patients with follow-up imaging, 14 patients had splenic infarcts (5 infarcts were >50% of splenic volume). Conclusions Splenic artery PSAs are encountered in the emergent setting and are most frequently secondary to trauma or pancreatitis. Embolization can be life-saving in these critically ill patients.
Taking Liberties: The Personal Jurisdiction of Military Commissions

On September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda operatives attacked civilian and military targets on US territory, causing thousands of deaths and billions of dollars of economic loss. The next day, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1368 characterizing the attack by Al Qaeda as a "threat to international peace and security" and recognizing the right of states to use armed force in self defense.
Hot Inner Winds from T Tauri Stars

P-Cygni components in the Hα and other strong permitted lines have been known in Classical T Tauri Stars for several decades. These features trace mass loss from the source and, in particular, diagnose the mass loss close to the star. However, the exact nature of this mass loss including the driving mechanism and its thermal structure are still not well known. Recently, renewed effort has been expended to constrain the thermal structure of this inner wind in these sources, and there is now evidence that the temperature in these flows reach a few ×10, 000 K. However, there is considerable debate over just how hot these winds get. This contribution provides a review of the observational evidence related to the inner winds of T Tauri stars, focussing on the evidence which constrains the thermal structure of the flow.
Ventricular fibrillation resulting from ischemia at a site remote from previous myocardial infarction. A conscious canine model of sudden coronary death.

Abstract In anesthetized dogs, a 30 gauge silver wire was inserted into the lumen of the left circumflex (LC) coronary artery and myocardial ischemic injury was produced by subsequent occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion through a critical stenosis. Four days after acute myocardial infarction, with the dog ambulatory, the intimai surface of the LC coronary artery was injured by applying a 150 μA anodal current. Coronary artery thrombosis and subsequent reduction in coronary artery blood flow were accompanied by S-T segment changes at 132 ± 65 minutes (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) with ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring in 29 of 30 dogs (97% ) at 141 ± 60 minutes. Infarct mass in the LAD distribution was 15 ± 8% of total left ventricular mass with no histochemical evidence of irreversible ischemic injury in the LC coronary artery distribution. VF was preceded by the development of delayed electrical activity within the LC coronary artery distribution, and the development of ventricular arrhythmias accompanied by continuous local electrical activity within the subepicardial region of the distribution of the LC coronary artery. In 10 dogs with placement of a critical stenosis around the LAD coronary artery without earlier occlusion and reperfusion, LC intimal injury and subsequent thrombus formation resulted in only 2 deaths (20% ) from VF. Thus, acute myocardial ischemia at a site distant to a previous myocardial infarction enhances the likelihood of primary VF in the conscious dog. This model of sudden coronary death may simulate the clinical state in man and might serve as an appropriate model for the study of electrophysiologic mechanisms associated with the development of VF and for the evaluation of potential antifibrillatory drugs.
The Mechanisms Leading to Increased Cylinder Bore and Ring Wear in Methanol-Fueled S. I. Engines

Engine tests using prevaporized superheated methanol indicated that excessive ring and cylinder bore wear in spark-ignition engines results from reactions between the combustion products and the cast iron cylinder liner, where the presence of liquid methanol in the combustion chamber appears to be an important part of the mechanism. These reactions were investigated using a spinning disc combustor. The spinning disc combustor was used to provide a source of burning methanol droplets which were subsequently quenched on a water-cooled cast iron surface. The condensate formed on the cast iron surface was collected and analyzed for chemical composition. Infrared analysis indicated the presence of large quantities of iron formate, a reaction product of iron and formic acid. Additional spinning disc tests were performed to investigate the effects of surface material on the formation of formic acid. 12 refs.
Compromise-resilient anti-jamming for wireless sensor networks

Jamming is a kind of Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack in which an adversary purposefully emits radio frequency signals to corrupt wireless transmissions. Thus, the communications among normal sensor nodes become difficult or even impossible. Although some research has been conducted on countering jamming attacks, few works considered jamming by insiders. Here, an attacker first compromises some legitimate sensor nodes to acquire the common cryptographic information of the sensor network and then jams the network through those compromised sensors. In this paper, as our initial effort, we propose a compromise-resilient anti-jamming scheme called split-pairing scheme to deal with single insider jamming problem in a one-hop network setting. In our solution, the physical communication channel of a sensor network is determined by the group key shared by all the sensor nodes. When insider jamming happens, the network will generate a new group key to be shared only by all noncompromised nodes. After that, the insider jammer is revoked and will be unable to predict the future communication channels used by non-compromised nodes. We implement and evaluate our solution using the Mica2 Mote platform and show it has low recovery latency and communication overhead, and it is a practical solution for resource constrained sensor networks under the single insider jamming attack.
Pertussis Deaths: Report of 23 Cases in the United States, 1992 and 1993

Objective. To characterize pertussis deaths and to identify possible risk factors and prevention strategies. Methods. A retrospective review of all deaths attributed to pertussis with disease onset during 1992 and 1993 reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hospital discharge summaries and autopsy reports were reviewed, and additional clinical information was provided by physicians involved in the care of the children. Results. During 1992 and 1993, 23 deaths attributed to pertussis were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cultures for Bordetella pertussis were positive in 18 (90%) of the 20 cases in which it was performed. Twenty (87%) of the 23 children who died were younger than 1 year of age, and 18 (78%) of the children had received no doses of pertussis vaccine. Among 20 children for whom gestational ages were known, 12 (60%) were born at 36 weeks9 gestation or earlier; in contrast, 10.7% of live births in the United States in 1992 were at 36 weeks9 gestation or earlier. The median age of mothers whose children had fatal pertussis was 20 (range, 14 to 37) years in the 15 cases in which ages were known, compared with the national median age of 26.3 years in 1992. Pneumonia was a complication in all but 1 (96%) of the cases. Seizures occurred in 4 cases (17%), and acute encephalopathy occurred in 3 cases (13%). Conclusions. Pertussis continues to cause serious illness and death in the United States, particularly among infants who are not vaccinated. Preterm delivery and young maternal age may place infants at increased risk of death because of pertussis. Under the current pertussis vaccination schedule, three fourths of the infants who died were too young to have received three doses of pertussis vaccine, the minimum number of doses considered necessary for adequate protection against clinical pertussis. Additional strategies to prevent deaths caused by pertussis in young infants, such as starting infant vaccination at an earlier age and booster doses to adolescents and adults, need to be evaluated.
Bathymetric effects on estuarine plume dynamics

[1] The influence of bathymetry on an estuary plume at an estuary-shelf transition is studied with a three-dimensional ocean circulation model. To understand the response of the plume to bathymetry, several types of estuarine shapes and shelf geometries were adopted in this numerical study. The channel's shape and its width-to-depth aspect ratio affected the fate of the plume by determining flow characteristics inside the estuary. Moreover, the bathymetry of the shelf such as the shelf slope and the direction of a submarine channel defined the plume characteristics on the shelf. An estuarine channel with a triangular cross section generated relatively stronger exchange flows at midestuary than a rectangular cross section, which resulted in a larger surface plume over the shelf. The extension of the submarine channel onto the shelf favored increased plume water transport out to the shelf, a result of reduced frictional effects on the shelf. The orientation of the submarine channel changed the direction of the plume over the shelf, with no additional external forces. Two fronts developed at the edges of the submarine channel because of enhanced lateral shears in the flow. When the estuary was relatively wide compared to the internal Rossby radius (Kelvin number Ke ≥ 5), or when the relative strength of the freshwater discharge compared to the estuary width was weak (Rossby number Ro ≤ 0.05), the coastal plume did not expand up-shelf. In fact, results indicated that freshwater up-shelf transport in a coastal current, moving against Coriolis’ accelerations, was proportional to Ro.
Disability, Identity, and Cultural Diversity

Eighteen disabled individuals, nine with disabilities present at birth and nine with acquired disabilities participated in tape recorded interviews lasting between 60 and 90 minutes. For this study, disabilities present at birth were defined as those disabilities identified or diagnosed by the age 5 years; acquired disabilities were those disabilities that occur after an individual's 5th birthday. Life stages were identified as: Middle Childhood/Adolescence (ages 8 years through 17 years); Beginning Adulthood/Young Adulthood (age 18 years through 34 years); and, Middle Adulthood/Later Adulthood (age 35 years and older). The mixed method design relying on semi-structured interview and inductive analysis was used to answer the following research questions: (a) what are the nature and scope of disability cultural identity articulated by informants; (b) and what differences in disability cultural identity are related to informant age, condition and onset? Five themes emerged from the transcripts: fitting in; disability wisdom; it's just what you do; I can do it despite what you say; and disability talk as shared interest versus talk as boring. None of these themes revealed cross disability identity. Despite being unable to answer the initial research questions in the manner anticipated, the data analysis provided important and challenging knowledge and implications for further inquiry and practice.
Innovation ecosystems and the pace of substitution: Re‐examining technology S‐curves

Why do some new technologies emerge and quickly supplant incumbent technologies while others take years or decades to take off? We explore this question by presenting a framework that considers both the focal competing technologies as well as the ecosystems in which they are embedded. Within our framework, each episode of technology transition is characterized by the ecosystem emergence challenge that confronts the new technology and the ecosystem extension opportunity that is available to the old technology. We identify four qualitatively distinct regimes with clear predictions for the pace of substitution. Evidence from 10 episodes of technology transitions in the semiconductor lithography equipment industry from 1972 to 2009 offers strong support for our framework. We discuss the implication of our approach for firm strategy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the Curing Process and the Gelation of Epoxy/Anhydride System for No-Flow Underfill for Flip-Chip Applications

No-flow underfill is used in the assembly of microelectronics to increase the productivity and to decrease the cost of the flip-chip manufacturing. The curing process, especially the gelation of the no-flow underfill, is essential for the yield and reliability of the flip-chip assembly. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a stress rheometer are used to study the curing process of epoxy/anhydride system at different curing rates and different isothermal temperatures. The gel point is found when the storage modulus and the loss modulus of the resin measured by the rheometer equals to each other. The degree of cure (DOC) at gelation is calculated according to the results from DSC. The results indicate a strong dependence of the DOC at gelation on the heating rates and the curing temperatures. In order to further investigate the difference in the curing process at various heating rates, FTIR spectra of the resin are taken during curing. The change of different functional groups is recorded and compared. The results do not show a significant difference in the chemical structure at different heating rates. The early gelation at high heating rate/ high temperature can be caused by the structure difference in the epoxy network at the early stage of curing due to the chain initiation and propagation of the molecules in the curing process. Dependence of gelation of the sample on the isothermal temperatures.
Mutants with reduced Ca activation in Paramecium aurelia.

Two heat-sensitive “pawn” mutants ofParamecium aurelia are capable of avoiding reactions when grown at 23°C but not at 35°C. Electrophysiological analyses show that Ca activation is reduced in the mutants even when they are grown at 23°C. The maximal rate of rise and the peak of the evoked action potential (Ca-spike) in the mutants are smaller than those of wild type in a K-solution. After suppression of K conductance by either TEA+ or Ba++, the action potentials of the mutants peak at the same level as that of wild type. However, the maximal rate of rise of the mutants remains only about half that of wild type. Thus, the mutations affect Ca activation but not K activation. Incubation at a high temperature (35°C) further reduces Ca activation to almost zero in the mutants but has little or no effect on wild type. This almost complete loss of Ca activation explains the lack of avoiding reactions when the mutants are grown at high temperatures. A double mutant containing two heat-sensitive mutations shows extremely reduced Ca activation even when grown at 23°C.