cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of a Z2 symmetric EdGB gravity in spherical symmetry.

We report on a numerical investigation of black hole evolution in an Einstein dilaton Gauss-Bonnet (EdGB) gravity theory where the Gauss-Bonnet coupling and scalar (dilaton) field potential are symmetric under a global change in sign of the scalar field (a 'Z2' symmetry). We find that for sufficiently small Gauss-Bonnet couplings Schwarzschild black holes are stable to radial scalar field perturbations, and are unstable to such perturbations for sufficiently large couplings. For the latter case, we provide numerical evidence that there is a band of coupling parameters and black hole masses where the end states are stable scalarized black hole solutions, in general agreement with the results of Macedo et al (2019 Phys. Rev. D 99 104041). For Gauss-Bonnet couplings larger than those in the stable band, we find that an 'elliptic region' forms outside of the black hole horizon, indicating the theory does not possess a well-posed initial value formulation in that regime.
J774A. 1 cell apoptosis induced by Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccharide and apoptotic regulation of associated signaling pathways

Objective To determine the effect of Leptospira interrogans lipopolysaccharide (L-LPS) inducing apoptosis of murine mononuclear-macrophage cell line( J774A. 1 ), and apoptotic regulation of Toll-like receptor(TLR) and associated intracellular signaling pathways. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (L-LPS) of L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai strain Lai 56601 was prepared using phenol-water method. The effects of L-LPS inducing J774A. 1 cell apoptosis and the apoptosis-blocking with FasL neutralizing antibody were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) and flow cytometry were performed to measure the changes of Fas/FasL mRNA and protein expression levels in J774A. 1 cells before and after L-LPS treatment. The regulations in L-LPS-induced cell apoptosis by TLR2 and TLR4 as well as p38MAPK, JNK, ERK pathways were determined by either TLR2 or TLR4 antibody blocking test, signaling pathway blocking test and flow cytometry. Results 56.50%, 69.28% and 24.35% of the J774A. 1 cells after treatment with 100 ng/ml L-LPS for4, 12 and 24 h were apoptotic,while the apoptosis rates were decreased to 11.21%, 21.58% and 12.70% after the cells blocked by FasL neutralizing antibody(P ＜0.05). The levels of FasL and Fas mRNAs in J774A. 1 cells treated with L-LPS for 4, 12 and 24 h were elevated with 1.34, 2.12, 2.10 times and 2.45, 3.87, 3.12 times compared to those in the L-LPS untreated cells (P ＜ 0. 05 ), respectively, while the expression rates of FasL and Fas proteins were upregulated to 18.61%, 60.13%, 42.75% and 76.34%, 85.70%, 77.92% from 4.82% and 15.32% apoptotic rates in the L-LPS untreated cells, respectively( P ＜0.05 ). The L-LPS-induced apoptosis rate( 11.54% ) of TLR2 antibody blocked J774A. 1 cells was significantly lower than that(66.56% ) of the J774A. 1 cells without TLR2 antibody blocking( P ＜0.05 ), but L-LPS-induced apoptosis rate of TLR4 antibody blocked J774A. 1 cells was as high as 55.27% ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Compared to the apoptosis rate (62.17%) in the p38MAPK and JNK pathway-free J774A. 1 cells, the L-LPS-induced apoptosis rates in p38MAPK blocked cells(20.54% ) and JNK blocked cells(47.98% ) were significantly lower( P ＜0.05 ),and the apoptosis rate in ERK blocked cells was as high as 61.72% ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion L-LPS was recognized by TLR2 and upregulates both Fas and FasL expression via p38MAPK and JNK pathways, which involving in the process of the L-LPS-induced cell apoptosis. Key words: Leptospira interrogans; Lipopolysaccharide; Cell apoptosis; Fas/FasL; Toll like receptor
Laboratory diagnosis of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) infection

A cluster of pneumonia cases were reported to World Health Organization (WHO) on 31st December, 2019 from the city of Wuhan, China which were later identified to be caused by a novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak spread globally and on 11th March 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. There have been continuous efforts to optimize methods to screen and diagnose large proportion of coronavirus affected population. COVID-19 diagnostic approaches include real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and serological diagnosis.
The Trauma and Resilience Curriculum: A Novel Program on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Trauma-Informed Care, and Building Resilience for Pediatric Residents

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma are associated with negative health outcomes. Trauma-informed care (TIC) uses trauma awareness to guide clinical interactions. Resilience, the ability to adapt to adversity, is a buffer against ACEs and trauma that can be fostered. While many youth and caregivers have experienced trauma, most pediatric trainees do not currently receive training in this area. Program Goals: This longitudinal curriculum aims to increase pediatric trainees’ knowledge of trauma and resilience and their impact on health; to increase trainees’ awareness of the effects …
Repetitive Behavior Scale for Early Childhood (RBS-EC): Psychometrics and Developmental Effects with a Community Sample

Restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests (RRBIs) occur commonly in young children in the course of typical development, but too frequent or persistent RRBIs have been linked to a variety of psychosocial and neurodevelopmental disorders. Unfortunately, a lack of psychometrically sound, feasible instruments stymies RRBI study and intervention in early childhood. Therefore, this study validated an extant RRBI measure (i.e., Repetitive Behavior Scale for Early Childhood; RBS-EC) for predominately neurotypical community children ages 2–7 years via an MTurk survey of 300 caregivers. Confirmatory factor analyses best supported a 4-factor model for the RBS-EC (i.e., repetitive motor, rituals and routines, restricted interests, self-directed behaviors). RBS-EC scores varied significantly with age and gender; namely, RRBIs were typically (1) less frequent but more problematic with older versus younger children and (2) more frequent and problematic with boys versus girls. Findings extend the RBS-EC’s utility in RRBI assessment and treatment during early childhood.
Incorporating Medical Students Into Primary Care Telehealth Visits: Tutorial.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about sweeping change in health care delivery, which has shifted from in-person consultations to a web-based format. Few medical schools provide web-based medicine or telemedicine training to their learners, though this is likely to be important for future medical practice. Objective: This tutorial communicates a framework for incorporating medical students into primary care telemedicine clinics. Methods: A third-year medical student and internal medicine attending physician from the Johns Hopkins University completed telemedicine clinic visits in April 2020 by using a variety of video platforms and via telephone calls. Results: Nine telemedicine visits were completed over 4 clinic days. Our patients were, on average, aged 68 years. The majority of patients were female (6/9, 67%), and most appointments were completed via a video platform (6/9, 67%). Additionally, our experience is summarized and describe (1) practical tips for how to prepare for a telehealth visit; (2) technology considerations; (3) recommendations for participation during a telehealth visit; (4) debriefing and feedback; (5) challenges to care; and (6) student, care provider, and patient reactions to telemedicine visits. Conclusions: Telemedicine clinics have been successfully used for managing patients with chronic conditions, those who have attended low-risk urgent care visits, and those with mental health concerns. Patients have reported high patient satisfaction scores for telemedicine visits, and the majority of patients are comfortable with having medical students as part of their care team. Moving forward, telemedicine will remain a popular method for receiving health care. This study has highlighted that medical students can successfully be integrated into telemedicine clinics and that they should be exposed to telehealth whenever possible prior to residency.
P-060 Application of non-destructive mechanical characterization testing for creating in vitro vessel models with material properties similar to human neurovasculature

Introduction/Purpose Vessel models are a first step in developing endovascular medical devices. These models are often madefrom glass or silicone, which do not accurately represent the mechanical properties of human vasculartissue, limiting their use to basic training and proof-of-concept testing. This study outlines methods toquantify the mechanical properties of both human vascular tissue and synthetic biomaterials for creatingrepresentative vessel models. Materials and Methods Human vascular tissue was assessed and compared to standard silicone and new UV-cured polymers (VC-A30). Vessel materials were characterized with eight mechanical tests: compressive, shear, and tensiledynamic elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, hardness, radial compression, compliance, and lubricity. Half ofthese testing methods were non-destructive, allowing for multiple mechanical and histologicalcharacterizations of the same human tissue sample. Results Histological evaluation of cellular and extracellular matrix of the human vessels showed the dynamicmoduli and Poison’s ratio tests were non-destructive (figure 1 Left), whereas the destructive hardnesstest created significant tearing of the vessel layers (figure 1 Middle). Fluid absorption by VC-A30 showedstatistically significant softening of mechanical properties, stabilizing after 4 days in phosphate-bufferedsaline (PBS). VC-A30 exhibited statistically similar results to human vasculature, with% error less than29%, in 5 of 8 mechanical tests, versus 1 of 8 for standard silicone. Human vessel lubricity (determinesdevice trackablility within a vessel) statistically matched the lubricity of all the VC-A30 samples (figure 1 Right). Conclusion VC-A30 provides a new option for creating translucent in vitro vascular models with anatomically-relevantproperties. VC-A30 can be formed into highly accurate models with specific mechanical properties usingthe latest 3D-printing techniques. These new vessel analogs may simulate patient-specific vessel diseasestates, improve surgical training models, accelerate the development of new endovascular devices, andultimately reduce dependencies on animal models. Disclosures K. Lewis: None. J. Vigil: None. N. Norris: None. W. Merritt: None. T. Becker: 1; C; NIH grant #5R42NS097069-03.
Accelerating and Decelerating Space-Time Wave Packets in Free Space

We show that endowing an optical field with precise spatio-temporal structure enables the realization of large axial acceleration and deceleration in free space. We experimentally demonstrate group velocity changes ∼ c over a propagation distance ∼ 20 mm.
Interdiction Models and Applications

Through interdiction models, we infer the vulnerabilities inherent in an operational system. This chapter presents four applications of interdiction modeling: (a) to delay an adversary’s development of a first nuclear weapon; (b) to understand vulnerabilities in an electric power system; (c) to locate sensors in a municipal water network; and (d) to secure a border against a nuclear smuggler. In each case, we detail and interpret the mathematical model and characterize insights gained from solving instances of the model. We point to special structures that sometimes arise in interdiction models and the associated implications for analyses. From these examples, themes emerge on how one should model, and defend against, an intelligent adversary.
The Pancreas and Lipoprotein Metabolism

The sections in this article are: 1 Lipoproteins 1.1 Lipoprotein Structure and Composition 1.2 Plasma Lipid Enzymes 2 Transport of Exogenous (Dietary) Lipids 3 Transport of Endogenous Lipids 3.1 Regulation of the Assembly and Secretion of Apoprotein B-100-Containing Lipoproteins 3.2 Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Catabolism 3.3 Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus 3.4 Low-Density Lipoprotein Production and Catabolism 3.5 Low-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus 3.6 Metabolism of Apoprotein A-I-Containing Lipoproteins 3.7 Apoprotein A-I-Containing Lipoproteins in Diabetes Mellitus
Study of chronic orofacial pain with preclinical models

Background Chronic orofacial pain conditions such as trigeminal neuropathic pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the face, and temporomandibular pain disorders are debilitating pain conditions. They are known to respond poorly to treatment including opioids in human patients. There is a pressing need to better understand the mechanisms of these chronic orofacial pain conditions so that new and effective therapeutic targets can be identify. To achieve this goal, preclinical animal models that well represent human chronic orofacial pain conditions are needed. In the present study we used two preclinical models of chronic orofacial pain, the chronic constriction nerve injury of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI model) and the oxaliplatin-induced orofacial pain (oxaliplatin model). We applied newly developed orofacial operant behavioral assessment to study orofacial pain and to test effects on Kv7.2 channel activators in alleviating orofacial pain in these animals.
Oxymetholone: Differentiation between the ovarian and endometrial effects

Abstract Uterine bleeding was induced by oxymetholone (100 to 200 mg. per day for 3 to 7 days) in a group of women with secondary amenorrhea but sufficient endogenous estrogens. This indicated either interference with ovarian estrogen production, a direct endometrial effect, or both. In the second phase of the clinical experiment, uterine bleeding was also induced in a group of women with complete ovarian failure in whom endometrial growth was promoted by estrogen priming. The ability of oxymetholone to induce uterine bleeding in these patients suggests that this compound can exert endometrial effects directly, without necessarily interfering with the ovarian estrogens. Endometrial histology revealed minimal subnuclear vacuolization with the 100 mg. daily dose and prominent subnuclear vacuolization with the 200 mg. daily dose. The decrease of the karyopyknotic index during oxymetholone treatment was interpreted as an expression of the antiestrogenic properties of the compound.
Formation of International Environmental Agreements

We study the formation of emission abatement coalitions. A necessary condition for a coalition to be viable is that all of its members are net gainers. For this to happen, a coalition has to be at least of a certain size, the minimum critical size. We show that if there are fixed costs associated with abatement programs, or if there are “reinforcement effects”, then under certain conditions coalitions in excess of the minimum critical size are not vulnerable to “free riding” or to prisoners’ dilemma problems.
Hydroxylation of proline in synthetic polypeptides with purified protocollagen hydroxylase.

Abstract Synthetic polytripeptides with the structure (l-Pro-Gly-l-Pro)n were used to study protocollagen hydroxylase, the enzyme which hydroxylates appropriate proline residues in protocollagen, the polypeptide precursor of collagen. With these synthetic substrates the synthesis of hydroxyproline could be followed quantitatively, and for the first time the reaction was studied under conditions where the substrate concentration was not rate-limiting. As previously observed with protocollagen as a substrate for the reaction, the hydroxylation of (Pro-Gly-Pro)n required α-ketoglutarate, ferrous iron, and ascorbate, but the Km values for the cofactors were slightly different from those observed with protocollagen. Hydroxylation of (Pro-Gly-Pro)n fractions of varying molecular weights indicated that a fraction with a molecular weight of about 1,800 had a Km value of 220 µg per ml, and four fractions ranging in molecular weight from 4,000 to 15,000 gave Km values of 110 µg per ml. All the Km values for (Pro-Gly-Pro)n preparations were considerably greater than that previously reported for proline-labeled protocollagen. No differences were observed in the maximal velocities with the different fractions of (Pro-Gly-Pro)n. A copolymer of glycine and proline (1:1.9) with a molecular weight of 4000 gave a Km of 440 µg per ml, and the maximal velocity was less than that observed with (Pro-Gly-Pro)n preparations. Poly-l-proline II was a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme, and the Ki value observed was 0.3 µg per ml. The results suggest that (Pro-Gly-Pro)n is not as appropriate a substrate for the hydroxylase as protocollagen, and that the higher Km values observed for preparations of (Pro-Gly-Pro)n were not explained by their smaller size. The results also suggest that the enzyme has a high affinity for proline in the extended single-stranded helix found in poly-l-proline II.
Severe Head and Neck Injuries in NASS Rear Impacts

This paper examines the characteristics of rear impact crashes. General information about rear impact collisions is derived from recent data from the National Automotive Sampling System, General Estimates System (NASS/GES) and Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) as reported in the annual National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Traffic Safety Facts. Additional details about the frequency, severity, type, and cause of injuries to front seat outboard occupants is analyzed using the National Automotive Sampling System, Crashworthiness Data System (NASS/CDS) data from 1997 to 2005. Serious head and neck injuries are focused on for further analysis. Specific cases from the CDS database that meet this classification are examined. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 301-R test data is used to analyze occupant, seat, and vehicle kinematics in single impact rear collisions and to look at the occupant rebound velocity. The 301-R analysis found the forward velocity of the dummy's head after rebound was as high at 6 m/sec. Analysis of NASS cases of vehicle-to-vehicle rear crashes found numerous contacts with frontal components even in the absence of a frontal crash. However, the most severe and frequent injuries were attributed to the seat back and head restraint. Severe injuries were observed in seats with and without deformation.
Wireless systems-on-a-chip design

Summary form only given. There is a fundamental shift that is occurring in the implementation of wireless systems. Not only is the underlying technology shifting to mainstream CMOS technology, but the applications and specifications of the supported links are also rapidly evolving. The multiple inter-related technologies required for implementation of such wireless systems requires a co-design strategy in communication algorithms, digital architectures and the analog and digital circuits required for their implementation. Critical to good design of these chips is the definition of energy and area performance metrics that can facilitate the tradeoff of issues such as the cost of providing flexibility or the amount of parallelism to exploit. These design decisions can result in differences of orders of magnitude in the metrics between what is possible in the technology and what is often achieved if the costs are not fully understood. A design infrastructure which supports architectures and which optimizes the metrics is described for wireless systems, providing a fully automated chip design flow from a high level system specification.
Metabolism of glucose and reduction of retinaldehyde in retinal photoreceptors.

—The capacity of a variety of substrates to support reduction of retinaldehyde to retinol by preparations of outer segments from photoreceptor cells of bovine retina, the requirement for supplements, the effect of iodoacetate, and the stoichiometry of the metabolism of glucose and the reduction of retinaldehyde have been studied. Metabolism of glucose supported reduction of retinaldehyde by preparations of outer segments at approximately the rate observed for the intact retina. Throughout the physiological range of pH, the dehydrogenase reactions of the pentose cycle in outer segments provided virtually all of the reduced pyridine nucleotides that were utilized for reduction of retinaldehyde. It was concluded that reduction of retinaldehyde during light adaptation is exclusively dependent upon NADPH.
Room flashover — Model studies

The author reports on part of the third phase of a three-phase program that is intended to provide a means for predicting flashover during fire buildup in a room. Phase 3 evaluates the effects of varying room and fire conditions using a one-eighth scale model.
The World Health Organization International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE): initial work and future directions -- the NAPE Lecture 1998. Nordic Association for Psychiatric Epidemiology.

Objective: To provide an overview of the World Health Organization (WHO) International Consortium in Psychiatric Epidemiology (ICPE), to introduce the World Mental Health 2000 (WMH 2000) Initiative and to discuss methodological issues that the ICPE is grappling with in planning the WMH2000 Initiative. Method: We review the history, mission and organization of the ICPE and the rationale behind the WMH2000 Initiative. We review methodological research underlying major design and implementation decisions regarding the WMH2000 surveys. Results: The ICPE is an international consortium created to facilitate cross-national comparative epidemiological research using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The first-phase core TCPE surveys, which we are currently analysing, include over 33 000 interviews in seven countries, with an additional set of over 30000 interviews in seven countries ready to be added to the master file within the next year. The WMH2000 Initiative will include a third series of CIDI surveys that include an anticipated 100000 additional interviews in 10 countries. A series of complex methodological challenges confront us in designing and implementing the WMH2000 surveys. These include issues in the conceptualization and measurement of impairment and disablement, the implementation of standardized quality control procedures across countries, and the blending of epidemiological and clinical interviewing methods to obtain a valid cross-national characterization of disorder prevalences. Our current plans regarding these issues are discussed. Conclusion: Valid and representative general population epidemiological data on patterns, predictors and adverse consequences of psychiatric disorders are needed as a foundation for public health initiatives. The efforts of the ICPE promise to provide data of this sort for many regions in the world. Formidable methodological and logistical challenges arise in implementing this agenda, but we are confident that these challenges can be met by building on the firm foundation already established in the ongoing ICPE collaboration.
Raman spectral signatures of mouse mammary tissue and associated lymph nodes: normal, tumor and mastitis

Raman spectroscopy involves the interaction of light with the molecular vibrations and therefore can provide information about molecular structure, tissue composition and changes in its environment. We explored whether Raman spectroscopy can reliably distinguish mammary tumors from normal mammary tissues and other pathological states in mice. We analyzed a large number of Raman spectra from the tumor and normal mammary glands of mice injected with 4T1 tumor cells, which were collected using a high-resolution (less than 4 cm−1) Raman spectrometer at a fixed (785 nm) laser excitation wavelength and with 60 mW of laser power. The spectra of normal and tumor mammary glands showed consistent differences in the intensity of certain Raman bands and loss of some bands in the tumor spectra. Multivariate statistical methods—principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant functional analysis (DFA)—were used to separate the data into different groups of mammary tumors, mastitis, lymph nodes contralateral and tumor-cell-injected sides, and normal contralateral and tumor-cell-injected sides. We demonstrate that this spectroscopic technique has the feasibility of discriminating tumor and mastitis from normal tissues and other pathological states in a short period of time and may detect tumor transformation earlier than the standard histological examination stage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jasper Seamount: Seven million years of volcanism

Jasper Seamount is a young, mid-sized (690 km{sup 3}) oceanic intraplate volcano located about 500 km west-southwest of San Diego, California. Reliable {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar age data were obtained for several milligram-sized samples of 4 to 10 Ma plagioclase by using a defocused laser beam to clean the samples before fusion. Gee and Staudigel suggested that Jasper Seamount consists of a transitional to tholeiitic shield volcano formed by flank transitional series lavas, overlain by flank alkalic series lavas and summit alkalic series lavas. Twenty-nine individual {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar laser fusion analyses on nine samples confirm the stratigraphy: 10.3-10.0 Ma for the flank transitonal series, 8.7-7.5 Ma for the flank alkalic series, and 4.8-4.1 Ma for the summit alkalic series. The alkalinity of the lavas clearly increases with time, and there appear to be 1 to 3 m.y. hiatuses between each series. The age data are consistent with the complex magnetic anomaly of Jasper; however the dominant reversed polarity inferred from the anomaly suggests that most of the seamount formed at ca. 11 Ma, prior to the onset of Chron C5N. The duration of volcanism of Jasper Seamount is slightly longer than the duration of volcanism at Hawaiian volcanoes, suggesting thatmore » individual age data from seamounts may constrain the age of a seamount only to within about 7 m.y. unless the stage of volcanism can be unambiguously determined. Extrapolating from the results of our study, similar precision in age determinations should be possible on 50 mg of 1 Ma plagioclase from mid-ocean ridge basalt, opening new possibilities in the geochronology of young, low-potassium volcanic rocks.« less
Long-term high-density occupation of a site by Octopus tetricus and possible site modification due to foraging behavior

We report observations of wild octopuses (Octopus tetricus) living in close proximity at a site centered on a single den that has been occupied since at least November 2009. Numbers observed on survey dives range from 2 to 11 (average of 5.48). We hypothesize that long-term occupation of the site has led to its physical modification through the accumulation of shells brought in during foraging, and that this “ecosystem engineering” has in turn resulted in higher densities being viable at the site.
Biogenic volatile organic compounds from an invasive species: impacts on plant–plant interactions

Invasive plant species impact both eco- systems and economies worldwide, often by displacing native biota. Many plant species exude/ emit compounds into the surrounding environment with minor consequences in their native habitat due to a long coevolutionary history. However, upon introduction to ecosystems naive to these compounds, unpredictable interactions can manifest. The majority of the putative allelochemicals studied have been root exudates, despite the large number of plant species that emit volatile organic compounds. We quantified the concentrations and ecological consequences of volatile monoterpenes from the North American invasive perennial Artemisia vulgaris. Ambient monoterpene-mixing ratios inside an A. vulgaris canopy were 0.02-4.15 ppbv in May and 0.01- 0.05 ppbv in August, but were negligible (below instrument detection limit of 0.01 ppbv) 10 m away. Foliar disturbance increased total monoterpene con- centration to a maximum of 27 ppbv. However, this level remains 1,000-fold lower than that shown to be phytotoxic to sensitive species in laboratory assays. In contrast, soil monoterpene concentrations were (74-fold higher inside (B35 ± 11 ng g -1 (SDW)) and 19-fold higher at the edge (9 ± 3n g g -1 (SDW)), compared to outside the A. vulgaris stand (0.48 ± 0.05 ng g -1 (SDW)). A common native competitor species, Solidago canadensis, grown in pots and resident soil in situ yielded up to 50% less aboveground biomass inside as compared to outside the A. vulgaris stand. Activated carbon had no effect on greenhouse-grown S. canadensis performance when grown with A. vulgaris, suggesting root- derived exudates are not responsible for field obser- vations. Results from this study suggest that A. vulgaris-derived monoterpenes have little direct activity in their volatile gaseous state, but are concentrated in the soil matrix within and bordering the A. vulgaris stand, thereby reducing interspecific performance and potentially fostering the subsequent local invasion of this species.
Playing Indian at Halftime: The Controversy over American Indian Mascots, Logos, and Nicknames in School-Related Events

(2004). Playing Indian at Halftime: The Controversy over American Indian Mascots, Logos, and Nicknames in School-Related Events. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 77, No. 5, pp. 180-185.
Carbon Dioxide Fixation and Salt Uptake in Particulate Preparations from Barley Roots.

Previous workers (4, 6) have shown that C02 fixation in excised roots is related to ion absorption since an absorption of excess cations results in an increase in both the C02 fixation and in the formation of labelled malic acid. The accumulation of cations and anions has been demonstrated in both animal (1, 5, 8) and plant (7) mitochondria, and in view of Robertson's hypothesis that the mitochondria may be involved in electrolyte accumulation in the plant cell, it was of interest to determine whether the C02 fixation by particulate preparations from barley roots (3, 9) is influenced by the absorption of salts.
UNRAMIFIED COHOMOLOGY OF CLASSIFYING VARIETIES FOR CLASSICAL SIMPLY CONNECTED GROUPS

Abstract Let F be a field and G⊂ SL n,F an algebraic closed subgroup of SL n,F . Denote by BG the factor variety SL n /G . The stable F-birational type of BG is independent on the choice of an embedding G⊂ SL n . The points of BG classify principal homogeneous spaces of G. We compute the degree three unramified Galois cohomology with values in Q / Z (2) of the function field of BG for all classical semisimple simply connected groups G. As an application, examples of groups G (of types A n and D n) with stably non-rational over F varieties BG are given.
Integrin‐EGF‐3 domain of bovine CD18 is critical for Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin species‐specific susceptibility

Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (LktA) is the primary virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Results from the authors' previous studies demonstrated that the site required for LktA binding leading to susceptibility to its biological effects resides within amino acid residues 500–600 of the extracellular region of bovine CD18. Experiments were designed to identify a much smaller functional domain within this 100 amino acid region of bovine CD18 that is critically required for species-specific susceptibility to LktA effects. Chimeric bovine X human CD18 with different integrin epidermal growth factor(I-EGF) like domains switched between bovine and human CD18 were generated and coexpressed with bovine CD11a in the human K562 cell line. The resulting chimeric transductants were tested for susceptibility to LktA-induced effects. The results demonstrate unequivocally that the I-EGF-3 domain of bovine CD18 (amino acid residues 541–581) is critical for conferring species-specific susceptibility to M. haemolytica leukotoxin.
Epidural hematoma following spinal cord stimulator implant.

A 50-year-old male with chronic low-back pain presented to the ED with mid-back pain, numbness, paresthesia and weakness in both legs. These symptoms were preceded by a sudden onset of paralysis below the waistline without loss of bowel or bladder control, which occurred during the surgical placement of a neurostimulator. The device was immediately removed, and the patient’s paralysis partially resolved. He transitioned into his current symptom complex. He was immediately transferred to the ED for evaluation. Physical exam showed stable vital signs, tenderness to palpation in the spine, decreased sensation T12 and below, 4/5 strength in the lower extremities, and 2+ distal pulses, intact peri-anal sensation but decreased rectal tone. MRIs of the thoracic and lumbar spines were obtained, revealing an epidural hematoma from T8–L2. The MRI results shown in Fig. 1 display abnormal signal posterior to the spinal cord (A) that is predominantly hyperintense to the spinal cord on this T2-weighted image. There is compression of the cord at the T8 vertebral body level (A). No abnormal signal is seen within the cord itself. Epidural fat (B) and CSF (C) reveal that the hematoma is in the epidural space displacing the dura anteriorly. Figure 2 is a T1-weighted image revealing an abnormal signal (D) that is predominantly isointense to the spinal cord, again demonstrating compression of the cord. Lastly, Fig. 3 shows an axial T1-weighted image that shows abnormal signal within the spinal canal (E) compressing the spinal cord (*). Fig. 1 T2-weighted MRI in the sagittal view. Abnormal signal posterior to the spinal cord (A) is predominantly hyperintense to the spinal cord on this T2-weighted image. There is compression of the cord at the T8 vertebral body level (A). No abnormal signal ... Fig. 2 T1-weighted MRI in the sagittal view. Abnormal signal (D) is predominantly isointense to the spinal cord, again demonstrating compression of the cord Fig. 3 T1-weighted MRI cross-sectional view. Abnormal signal within the spinal canal (E) compresses the spinal cord (*) The patient underwent an emergent hematoma evacuation and concurrent T6–L1 laminectomy with in situ fusion. He tolerated the procedure well and was discharged 6 days later to a rehabilitation facility with some improvement to his lower extremity strength, sensation and bladder and rectal control. Epidural hematoma formation after placement of an epidural spinal cord electrode is an extremely rare and serious complication. Our PubMed search only yielded two similar cases in the published literature, neither of which was in English [1, 2].
On the origin of the continents and their motions

Abstract An approximate quantitative study has been made of the relation of the observed asymmetry of the earth to certain aspects of geological evolution and to the problem of the origin of the solar system. Geophysical data from several sources emphasize the unusual nature of the Pacific basin with its encircling mountain chains and suggest that the sub-Pacific layers of appreciable strength are slightly denser (i or 2 per cent.) than elsewhere. It is shown, as a result of this asymmetry and the isostatic adjustment of the continents, that the mass per unit area of the earth's outer shell in Pacific regions is about 3/100 per cent. greater than in the continents. This relatively slight mass asymmetry is found to produce geologically important tangential forces on the continents of gravitational origin which frequently compress their boundaries playing an important part in mountain building and may actually produce continental motions. The force on North America urging it to the south and west, for example approximates 1025 dynes and is adequate, or at least nearly adequate, to crush or produce over thrusting in the resisting Pacific basin, permitting continental motion with a velocity of the order of an inch per year.The author's earlier theory of the earth's origin, which was based upon purely astronomical facts (Phys. Rev., 39, 130, 311 (1932)), is found to be particularly adapted to describe the origin of the continents and the observed asymmetry of their distribution.
Photoelectrochemistry at the n-silicon/polymer electrolyte interface

Abstract We present studies of photoelectrochemical systems based on contacts between n-type silicon photoelectrodes and redox systems incorporated in polyethylene oxide. The redox systems studied are iodine/iodide and substituted ferrocene/ferricenium. The organic redox systems are shown to transport within PEO. We show that the high barrier to injection of photocarriers at the semiconductor/polymer electrolyte encountered in these systems can be reduced by adding platinum and polypyrrole onto the semiconductor surface.
High-temperature deformation of La0.2Sr0.8Fe0.8Cr0.2O3−δ-mixed ionic-electronic conductor

Abstract High-temperature deformation of La0.2Sr0.8Fe0.8Cr0.2O3−δ (LSFCO) is analyzed in air environment in the stress, temperature, and grain size ranges of 10–30 (20–65) MPa, 1100–1200 °C, and 3.2–28.5 μm, respectively. The stress exponent dependence on stress is analyzed to evaluate the stress range for diffusion creep and further focus is placed on diffusion-controlled creep regime. The activation energy and inverse grain size exponent for diffusion creep are evaluated. The microstructure evolution is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. The grain size and aspect ratio distribution evolution during creep is presented, as well as the characteristics of fracture surfaces obtained at room and elevated temperatures. The results are discussed in terms of the underlying deformation mechanisms and compared to results from creep studies on compounds with similar structures.
Effects of morphine on rat kidney glomerular podocytes: A scanning electron microscopic study

Degenerative kidney changes are associated with heroin use in human addicts, but it is not known whether these changes result from exposure to the opioid or from contaminants in street heroin. In the present study, 4-6-month-old rats each received 1 subcutaneous pellet containing 75 mg of morphine or placebo, followed 3 days later by implantation of 2 additional morphine or placebo pellets. Seven days after implantation of the first pellet, the rats were killed by aldehyde perfusion. The right kidney was excised, and coronal slices were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Micrographs were taken at 5000X and were scored on the presence of short or long microprojections (a score of '1' indicating few and a score of '4' indicating many). Morphine significantly altered the frequencies of scores for long microprojections, suggesting that morphine treatment increased the number of microprojections on glomerular podocytes. No changes in filtration slits, pedicels, or blebbing (foval enlargements) were noted. The data support the view that kidney degeneration associated with opioid abuse reflects effects of opioids per se, and they are consistent with microprojection changes as a function of altered intracellular cyclic AMP levels.
Global-scale variations of the ratios of carbon to phosphorus in exported marine organic matter

The ratio of carbon to phosphorus in marine phytoplankton biomass varies by ecosystem. Biogeochemical modelling suggests that organic carbon exported to depth shows similar variations in stoichiometry.
A new method for analysing non-isothermal thermoanalytical data from solid-state reactions

Abstract The rate equation in non-isothermal kinetics of a heterogeneous reaction involving a solid is d α d t =Af(α) exp − E RT where α represents the fractional conversion in the solid reactant; A the Arrhenius pre-exponetial factor; T the reactant temperature; f(α) a so-called kinetic function that depends on the reaction mechanism; E the activation energy for the reaction, and R the gas constant. In pratice, most, if not all, non-isothermal experiments in thermal analysis are carried out at some constant heating rate β=dT/dt. In principle, the reaction kinetics may be determined (i.e. its parameters E and A measured) from several heating curves recorded at various β. Such data are often analyzed using isoconversion methods, which consider points of the same α on different curves, so that f(α) has identical (though unknown) magnitude and can, therefore, be `cancelled out'. However, all existing methods rely on some approximation to the temperature integral, and are therefore subject to systematic errors. Here, we present a new approach that needs to make no assumption about the kinetic model, involves no approximation to the temperature integral, and is easy to implement on the computer. Taking logarithms of both sides of the rate equation and then integrating with respect to α, we get ∫ 0 α ln d α d t d α=− E R ∫ 0 α ln d α T +G(α) where G(α)≡α ln A+∫α0ln f(α)dα has the same value for isoconversion points, irrespective of β. A plot of ∫α0ln (dα/dt)dα against ∫α0(1/T)dα at a given α for a set of β's will therefore have the slope −E/R.
A linguistic comparison of MUMPS and COBOL

There are endless discussions in data processing circles about which computer language is best. Not surprisingly, the arguments generally boil down to each participant saying: "The language I know is best." These dogmatic beliefs often lead to vigorous debates among programmers who use different languages.
Characterization of longitudinal impedances in storage rings via multibunch effects

In this paper we present two new techniques for frequency-resolved characterization of longitudinal impedances in storage rings. The first method is based on transient measurements of the growth rates and tune shifts of unstable coupled-bunch modes. In the second approach, estimates of the impedances are obtained from analysis of the steady-state synchronous phases of the bunches for uneven fill patterns. These techniques are applicable to measurements of both fundamental and higher-order mode (HOM) impedances and allow characterization of shunt impedances and quality factors of the HOMs. Methods presented here are complementary to laboratory bench measurements of rf cavities, in that the beam-based measurements directly sense the physical impedance in the installed configuration. Experimental results from the Advanced Light Source and BESSY-II are presented showing the use of these techniques to measure complex impedances.
Counting Squares to Sum Squares

Purely combinatorial proofs are given for the sum of squares formula, and the sum of sums of squares formula, More precisely, the following algebraic equivalents are derived, The proofs obtained li...
Women's History: A Guide to Sources at Hagley Museum and Library

Foreword Introduction French Women and America Nineteenth-Century Domesticity The Leisure Class Employment and Entrepreneurship Culture of Consumption Benevolence, Reform, Religion, and Politics Index
Effects of cytokines and R-837, a cytokine inducer, on UV-irradiation augmented recurrent genital herpes in guinea pigs.

Abstract We have recently reported that latently HSV-2-infected guinea pigs exhibit a three- to four-fold increase in recurrent lesions after exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV), allowing rapid evaluation of antiviral drugs in treating recurrent HSV disease. In this report we examine the effect of alpha interferon (IFN-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and a cytokine inducer (R-837) on UV-induced recurrent genital herpes. We have previously shown that topical R-837 is a biologic response modifier with no in vitro anti-HSV activity, but with potent anti-HSV activity in vivo due to cytokine induction and enhancement of cell-mediated immune responses. Three-day regimens of intravaginal R-837, or five-day intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of IFN-α or of IL-2 each significantly reduced recurrent genital HSV-2 disease that occurred within 7 days of UV exposure, suggesting that cytokines or cytokine inducers may be useful in the treatment of recurrent HSV disease. This model using ultraviolet radiation to induce recurrent herpes simplex virus infection proved useful in the evaluation of immunoactive agents as putative antiviral drugs.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Dendrimers Based on Melamine Bearing 16 Paclitaxel Groups

The design, synthesis, and characterization of triazine dendrimers derivatized with the anticancer agent paclitaxel are described. The precursor generation two dendrimer 1 is prepared in six linear steps in 64% overall yield and presents 16 amines and two groups for radioiodination. This macromolecule is subsequently derivatized with a paclitaxel conjugate to yield a generation three dendrimer, 2, which is then pegylated in two steps. The pegylated final products, 4a and 4b, with molecular weights of 46 and 77 kDa, respectively, solubilize paclitaxel in water. Pegylated dendrimer 4a is 30 wt % paclitaxel, 52 wt % PEG, and 18 wt % dendrimer. Target 4b is 18 wt % paclitaxel, 71 wt % PEG, and 11 wt % dendrimer.
Transient heat pipe response and rewetting behavior

This paper describes the results of an investigation of pulsed heat pipe startup. Two types of pulsed startup of a copper/water heat pipe are examined. In the first, the mean temperature of the transport section is nearly constant with time. In the second, the entire heat pipe is increasing in temperature, so thermal energy storage in the heat pipe is significant. Dryout of the wick at the evaporator is found to occur only for heat transport rates greater than the capillary limit. A transient heat pipe model is used to explain the dryout and rewetting of the wick in the second type of pulsed startup.
All-optical code routing in interconnected optical CDMA and WDM ring networks

We propose an all-optical hybrid network composed of optical code division multiple access (CDMA) rings interconnecting through a reconfigurable wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) metro area ring. This network retains the advantages of both the optical CDMA and WDM techniques, including asynchronous access and differentiated quality of service, while removing the hard limit on the number of subscribers and increasing network flexibility. The all-optical network is enabled by using nonlinear optical loop mirrors in an add/drop router (ADR) that performs code conversion, dropping, and switching asynchronously. We experimentally demonstrate the functionalities of the ADR in the proposed scheme asynchronously and obtain error-free performance. The bit-error rate measurements show acceptable power penalties for different code routes.
Update on sperm antigen-based contraceptive vaccines

No contraceptive vaccine has reached the market for human use, including vaccines based on antigens derived from sperm, eggs, reproductive hormones, or the early conceptus. To catalog all the contraceptive targets that have been proposed or to discuss sperm vaccinogens in detail is beyond the scope of this article. A brief history of sperm-antigen immunocontraception is presented, the rationale for proceeding with a sperm vaccine is summarized, several prominent sperm immunogens are noted, and the challenges of creating a safe and effective sperm-based vaccine for women are discussed. Strategies in proteomics and genomics that promise to accelerate the pace of contraceptive vaccine target discovery are emphasized. Particular attention is directed to clinical issues that are related to the eventual applicability of a contraceptive vaccine and to questions that may serve as departure points that stimulate further research. There is skepticism about whether vaccination with sperm antigens remains a viable contraceptive strategy after the emergence of combinatorial chemistry, drug modeling, and small molecule inhibitors. These trends in pharmaceutical science undoubtedly will lead to contraceptive drug candidates as a wealth of new proteins, associated specifically with reproductive tissues, are mined from the human genome to provide targets for rational drug design. It is questionable whether immunocontraceptive strategies should be pursued when combinatorial chemistry and small molecule inhibitors seem so promising in contraceptive development. This author is convinced that the rationale for immunocontraception remains strong. The search for contraceptive drug targets and contraceptive immunogens share several common features. Proteome-based strategies for identifying protein targets for contraceptive vaccine develop