cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TPA-induced mitochondria-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in undifferentiated leukemic cells

4775 Increasing evidence indicates that transient generation of intracellular ROS may play a role in intracellular signaling. Recently, we reported that TPA induces generation of a required reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal for growth arrest during human myeloid leukemic cell differentiation via p21WAF1/cip1induction. In the present study, we sought to determine the source of this ROS in leukemic cell lines in response to TPA. Using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence(CL), we observed that TPA induced ROS generation in human ML-1 and THP-1 cells within 3 minutes of incubation. The generation of ROS was completely blocked by diphenyleneiodium (DPI), a commonly used inhibitor of both NADH and NADPH dependent enzymes. Western blotting analysis indicated the absence of key components, phox p47 and phox p67, of NADPH oxidase, in undifferentiated ML-1 cells pointing to mitochondria as the likely source of ROS in these cells. The mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rhein inhibited the TPA-induced CL. Microarray analysis and western blot analysis indicated the upregulation of mitochondria SOD2 expression within three hours of TPA treatment, suggestive of oxidative perturbation within mitochondria as an early response to TPA. Furthermore, our data indicate that TPA-induced SOD2 expression required not only generation of mitochondria dependent ROS, but also activation of the mitogen activated kinase cascade. We conclude that TPA -induced generation of optimal ROS from mitochondria complex I in undifferentiated ML-1 cells is required to initiate the signaling cascade involved in the inhibition of growth preceeding the mononuclear cell differentiation process.
Assessing the relationship between client-perpetrated violence and intentions to leave child welfare

Using a sample of 705 early-career child welfare workers, client-perpetrated violence (CPV), a form of workplace violence, was examined to determine whether CPV experiences differ by worker respons...
Programmable Active Mirror: A Scalable Decentralized Router

This work proposes and demonstrates the scalable router array that eliminates the internal centralization of conventional arrays, unlocking scalability, and the potential for a system composed of spatially separated elements that do not share a common timing reference. Architectural variations are presented, and their specific tradeoffs are discussed. The general operation, steering capabilities, signal and noise considerations, and timing control advantages are evaluated through analysis, simulation, and measurements. An element-level CMOS radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) is developed and used to demonstrate a four-element 25 GHz prototype router. The RFIC’s programmable true time delay (TTD) control is used to correct path-length-difference-induced intersymbol interference (ISI) and improve a rerouted 270-Mb/s 64-QAM constellation from a completely scrambled state to an EVM of 4% rms (−28 dB). The prototype scalable router’s concurrent dual-beam capabilities are demonstrated by simultaneously steering two full power beams at 24.9 and 25 GHz in two different directions in a free-space electromagnetic setup.
Within-Population Trait Variation in a Globally Invasive Plant Species Mayweed Chamomile (Anthemis cotula): Implications for Future Invasion and Management

Quantification of variation for phenotypic traits within and among weed populations facilitate understanding of invasion mechanisms and management tactics. In the Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA, in response to climate change and to improve sustainability, producers are increasingly adopting broadleaf crops and cover crops, but Mayweed chamomile (Anthemis cotula L.) is a significant barrier to diversifying cropping systems because of its abundance and lack of herbicide options for its control. To quantify within-population phenotypic trait variation and heritability, plants (n = 300) from six half-sib families (i.e., seed source plants or mother plants) from each of ten A. cotula populations (infested farms or sites) in the PNW were grown from seed through the flowering stage in the greenhouse common garden experiment. We measured percent seedling emergence, the initial date of flowering, flowering duration, plant biomass, number of flower heads, floral scent profiles, and other traits on individual plants. Trait variation was high among half-sib families within each population. For example, in two of the populations, percent seedling emergence within 30 days of planting ranged from 5% to 41% and 3% to 53%, respectively. As another example, initial date of flowering in two other populations ranged from 61 to 93 days and 58 to 92 days, repectively. Differences among half-sib families were greatest for flowering period, which differed by a month in most populations, and floral scent profiles. Heritability estimates were higher than 1.0 for most phenotypic traits, indicating that the study plants shared their ancestors more (i.e., full-sibs or product of selfing) than just being half-sibs. These patterns of phenotypic trait variation are potentially caused by local edaphoclimatic factors and within-field farm management practices, suggesting that management of A. cotula might be challenging and differ within and across farms.
Development of data-driven conflict resolution generator for en-route airspace

Abstract Airspace conflict resolution is critical for safe operations of aircraft, becoming more important with ever-increasing airspace congestion. While there are numerous aircraft's conflict resolution approaches in the literature, almost all of them are based on flight dynamics to predict aircraft's future trajectories and generate a conflict resolution strategy by maneuvering and thus modifying flight paths. However, it is unclear how to analyze the current-day operations provided by air traffic controllers from the flight dynamics viewpoint. In this paper, we propose a data-driven resolution generator (D2RG) for air traffic control using machine learning, which guarantees safety. In the D2RG, a resolution strategy for a given conflict situation can be automatically synthesized based on the knowledge about the types and characteristics (or parameters) of resolutions managed by air traffic controllers, which is extracted from flight data. The proposed methodology is demonstrated with flight data from a multi-fidelity modeling and simulation system, and also tested with actual flight data to show its applicability to real scenarios.
Experiences of teaching and learning in K-12 physical education during COVID-19: an international comparative case study

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread adaptations and unprecedented realities in the way teaching and learning in physical education (PE) is currently being implemented and experienced global...
Forecasting and Dynamic Adjustment of Staffing Levels in Hospital Operating Rooms

This paper presents a forecasting mechanism of operating room workload and dynamic adjustment policy on the staffing level decisions, which may be used by hospitals to better schedule the operating rooms. Staffing levels are usually determined months in advance when little information about the surgeries and their durations is known. This lack of information leads to a mismatch between the staffing level and the actual surgical duration, which results in excessive labor costs. This paper proposes a new dynamic staffing policy according to which hospital administrators adjust nurse staffing levels as information on the different types of surgeries arrives sequentially. The staffing level adjustments are accompanied with cost in order to incorporate the unwillingness to change. Using this dynamic framework, it is shown that a threshold policy defined by two adjustment levels is optimal. Numerical results using data from a large academic center suggest that the practical appeal of the dynamic policies will be greater where they will face the largest resistance: in hospitals where management considers dynamic labor adjustments to be impractical due to their complexity and thus implied costs.
Can Facebook Tell Us Something About Regional Health Indicators

A short study published in the December 2, 2011 issue of Science highlighted the value of social networks in promoting weight loss. 1 According to the study, participants, who were paired with “friends” with similar interests, were more likely to take part in healthy behaviors. Similar findings were suggested by a study 2 conducted with diabetic patients from rural Kansas engaged in dedicated social networks. Although social media has seen an explosive evolution over the last years, limited research has been done on its value as an indicator of community health or health outcomes. The introduction of Facebook Ads, as well as its targeting engine, provides a unique opportunity to extract data to explore possible correlations between regional Facebook use and major health indicators in which peer-to-peer interaction and support could play a significant role. Thus, the question was raised, does declared interest in health and well-being on Facebook, as well as in outdoor activities, correlate with obesity indicators at the state level?
Guiding of light in an ultracold, anisotropic medium

Guiding of a weak probe beam in an ultracold, anisotropic medium is demonstrated. The guide can be tuned by dressing the atoms with a strong pump. This medium is also used to realize a fast, all-optical switch.
Reconstruction of late-onset transplant ureteral stricture disease.

Objective • To describe our experience with surgical management of transplant ureteral strictures over a 6-year period. Patients and methods • The present study identified patients who underwent open reconstruction for transplant ureteral strictures between March 2002 and May 2008 after kidney or kidney-pancreas transplantation. • Baseline clinical characteristics were documented, including age at transplantation and reconstruction, serum creatinine levels, immunosuppressive drug regimen, and comorbidities. • Postoperative complications were noted, including urinary tract infections, stricture recurrence and graft failure. • Successful reconstructions were defined as stable allograft function with unobstructed outflow not requiring repeat dilation, ureterotomy or stent placement. Results • Median age at the time of reconstruction was 51 years and the mean time from transplantation was 62 months. • Seven of the 13 patients had failed previous balloon dilation. • The patients were followed for a median of 41 months and a successful repair was achieved in 10 of 13 patients. • Ureteral strictures recurred in two patients who received ureteroneocystostomies, which were subsequently managed with chronic stent exchanges. • Another recurrence involved a 1.5-cm anastomotic stricture 6 months postoperatively, which was balloon-dilated and has remained recurrence-free for 16 months. Conclusions • Patients who present > 6 months after renal transplantation with ureteral strictures that are recalcitrant to endoscopic management can safely undergo open surgical ureteral reconstruction without subsequent renal or graft failure. • Further investigation involving a larger patient cohort is required to confirm these initial results.
The Gamma and Zeta Functions

We now come to a situation where the natural way to define a function is not through a power series but through an integral depending on a parameter. We shall give a natural condition when we can differentiate under the integral sign, and we can then use Goursat’s theorem to conclude that the holomorphic function so defined is analytic.
Are peripheral pain generators important in fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic widespread pain syndrome (CWPS) that is generally considered to be the result of a dysfunctional central pain modulating system. It is thought to importantly involve the descending pain inhibitory system. FM is known to be associated with multimodal hypersensitivity: mechanical, thermal, visual, and auditory. It is associated with a variety of comorbid conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, painful bladder, migraine headache, and temporo-mandibular joint syndrome. The relationship of the comorbid conditions to FM has not been clear. They can be considered to be the result of hyper-effective ascending central pain transmission resulting from deficient descending pain inhibition, or they can be considered as clinical entities in themselves, whose importance in FM lies in their acting as peripheral pain generators that enhance or initiate central sensitization, thereby contributing to chronic widespread pain. There may, of course, be some truth in both of these concepts. The presence of peripheral pain generators that lead to central sensitization initiating or maintaining CWPS or FM remains controversial, however. This question is addressed in a masterful study by Albrecht et al. ⇓ …
Enforcement of non-hierarchical access policies

Without proposing a new key assignment scheme, this paper presents a graph translation procedure that can be used to enforce non-hierarchical access control policies, in addition to those in a strict hierarchy. An interesting application is also given in this paper to show the importance of nonhierarchical access control.
Adherence and penetration of vascular endothelium by Candida yeasts.

Abstract Metastatic infection after hematogenous dissemination of Candida species is presumably dependent on the fungus traversing the vascular endothelium. An in vitro model of the earliest events of metastatic Candida infection was developed with whole vascular strips. Freshly obtained porcine blood vessels were secured in a perforated Lucite template that allowed the application of yeasts directly to the endothelial surface. Multiple wells allowed experimental and control observations on the same vascular segments. Adherence to endothelium was greatest with Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis, less with Candida Krusei, and least with Candida parapsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalis, and Torulopsis glabrata. This hierarchy of adherence parallels that in other in vitro systems employing mucosal epithelial cells or fibrin-platelet matrixes and reflects the known virulence of the respective species and their potential for hematogenous dissemination. C. albicans and C. tropicalis yeasts that adhered were capable of directly traversing the endothelial surface before the production of germ tubes. Heat or Formalin-killed yeasts and viridans group streptococci, although adherent, were incapable of vascular penetration, a process presumably attributable to enzymatic digestion of host tissue. Loss of integrity of penetrated endothelial tissue was verified by loss of dye exclusion, lactic dehydrogenase release, and ultramicroscopic changes. These two steps, adherence and penetration, provide direct insight into the earliest events in hematogenous Candida species dissemination and suggest that C. albicans and C. tropicalis yeasts are capable of initiating tissue invasion before germ tubes have had the opportunity to form and participate in the invasive process.
Raman and Electrochemical Probes of the Dissolution Kinetics of Tungsten in Hydrogen Peroxide

The interaction of tungsten with hydrogen peroxide was studied by Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. We found that W catalyzes the decomposition of peroxide into its ion, while the native oxide of W becomes increasingly hydrated and soluble. The decay of the peroxide concentration upon immersion of W is consistent with a model of 1-D diffusion to the W surface followed by a surface reaction with a heterogeneous rate constant of 3 × 10-5 cm/s. This model can also be used to explain the decrease of the H2O2 solution pH and the increase in open circuit potential of W that occurs while W is immersed in H2O2.
Bilateral Cochlear Implantation

Cochlear implantation (CI) is the standard of care for the treatment of children and adults with bilateral severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Because the ultimate and continuous goal of CI teams is to improve patient performance, a potential method is bilateral CI. The potential benefits of bilateral CI include binaural summation, squelch, equivalent head shadow for each ear, improved hearing in noise, sound localization ability, and spatial release from masking. The potential disadvantages include additional or prolonged surgical procedure, unproven cost/benefit profile, and the elimination of the ability to use future technologies and/or medical therapies in the implanted ear.
Climate Change and Human Behavior On The Southwest Coast of Ecuador

Predictable and reliable agricultural production, industrial output, and, in general, environments that promote human well-being depend on climatic stability. But the prehistoric and historic record indicate that climate change is a recurring feature of the environment. In this paper the climate history of the southwest coast of Ecuador is presented and discussed in relation to its influence on prehistoric and contemporary human populations living in this region. A recent case of climate change during the year 1971 is described. Patterns of land use and water management described for prehistoric peoples continue to be followed by the current population. Understanding the history of human responses to climate change may be necessary in order to make rational decisions about how to adapt our behavior to future climates.
The Large-Scale Circulation and Heat Sources over the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Areas during the Early Summer of 1979. Part I: Precipitation and Kinematic Analyses

Abstract The time evolution of the large-scale precipitation, low-level (850 mb) wind, moisture and vertical motion fields over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas during a 40-day period from late May to early July 1979 is studied based on the objectively analyzed FGGE Level II-b data set. During this period the general circulation over East Asia undergoes a distinct change characterizing the onset of the summer monsoon circulation. The Tibetan Plateau exerts profound orographic and thermal influences upon the low-level wind field. The inflow towards the eastern part of the Plateau with a marked diurnal change in its intensity is the most prominent feature of the low-level wind field. The areas of organized precipitation are well related to synoptic systems seen in the 850 mb flow: the quasi-stationary Burma-India trough, the disturbances forming on the trough, the “Mei-yu (Baiu)” front, and the “transverse trough” extending eastward from the Plateau. There is a sharp contrast between the western an...
Translational research - transforming the quality of pediatric nursing practice.

Testing interventions and translating evidence into practice is an iterative cycle that advances and transforms pediatric nursing practice to improve the quality of health outcomes for children and families. TRANSFORMING THE QUALITY of pediatric nursing practice is achieved through translational research. Generating knowledge through clinical nursing research improves nursing practice through the development of new evidence (Polit & Beck, 2012). New evidence leads to new strategies that have been implemented and tested through research and then translated into practice (Christian, 2013b). This iterative cycle of testing interventions and translating evidence into practice serves to advance and transform nursing practice. Thus, evidence from research and quality improvement projects is translated into everyday practice to improve the care of children and their families. Indeed, evidence-based practice improves the quality of health outcomes (MelnykF
Renormalization Group Methods

Abstract An especially intractable breed of problems in physics involves those with very many or an infinite number of degrees of freedom and in addition involve “renormalization.” Renormalization is explained as the existence of very many length or energy scales of importance in the physics of the problem. The renormalization group approach is a way of reducing the complexity of these problems to the point where numerical methods can be used to solve them. The Kondo problem (dilute magnetic alloys) is used as an illustration.
Relationships between Task Time and Learning Gains in Secondary Schools

Improvement of schooling and the search for ways to improve school effectiveness cont nue to be popular endeavors among educators, as they strive to meet the demands of educating America's youth. These endeav ors have apparently yielded less success at the secondary school level than at the elementary level. In a recent Phi Delta Kappan, Eleanor Far rar, vice president of the Huron Institute, said "In general, school reformers have bypassed the more complicated secondary schools." She continued by saying "Consequently, there hasn't been much change in high schools, and there hasn't been much improvement" (Murphy, Phi Delta Kappan, 1983). Recent efforts to improve school effectiveness, brought to the forefront in large measure by the new accountability movement, have invariably led to a con sideration of time as an influencing variable. Research ers may disagree on the best ways to evaluate the influ ence of this variable, but little disagreement exists con cerning the notion that time is crucial (Salmon, 1982). Concern about the purported importance of time, coupled with the relative lack of research in a secondary school setting, led to the following questions: 1. Do relationships exist between student achieve ment gains and selected time-related variables at the secondary level? 2. Do relationships exist between student attitude changes and selected time-related variables at the secondary level? Review of related research. Effective schools tend to characteristically demonstrate allegiance to several fac tors which make a difference in effective instruction. Edmonds (1982), in an overview of effective schooling research, listed five characteristics of effective schools:
Prevalence and risk factors of carotid plaque in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective To determine the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and associated risk factors in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Carotid plaque and intima-media wall thickness (IMT) were measured by B-mode ultrasound in women with SLE. Risk factors associated with carotid plaque and IMT were determined at the time of the ultrasound scan and included traditional cardiovascular risk factors, SLE-specific variables, and inflammation markers. Results The 175 women with SLE were predominantly white (87%), with a mean age of 44.9 years (SD 11.5). Twenty-six women (15%) had a previous arterial event (10 coronary [myocardial infarction or angina], 11 cerebrovascular [stroke or transient ischemic attack], and 5 both). The mean ± SD IMT was 0.71 ± 0.14 mm, and 70 women (40%) had focal plaque. Variables significantly associated with focal plaque (P < 0.05) included age, duration of lupus, systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure, body mass index, menopausal status, levels of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels, SLE-related disease damage according to the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) damage index (modified to exclude cardiovascular parameters), and disease activity as determined by the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure. Women with longer duration of prednisone use and a higher cumulative dose of prednisone as well as those with prior coronary events were more likely to have plaque. In logistic regression models, independent determinants of plaque (P < 0.05) were older age, higher systolic blood pressure, higher levels of LDL cholesterol, prolonged treatment with prednisone, and a previous coronary event. Older age, a previous coronary event, and elevated systolic blood pressure were independently associated with increased severity of plaque (P < 0.01). Older age, elevated pulse pressure, a previous coronary event, and a higher SLICC disease damage score were independently related to increased IMT (P < 0.05). Conclusion B-mode ultrasound provides a useful noninvasive technique to assess atherosclerosis in women with SLE who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Potentially modifiable risk factors were found to be associated with the vascular disease detected using this method.
The acute hemodynamic effects of α-methyldopa in man☆

NEW approaches to the treatment of hypertension have developed rapidly in the past decade. The recent serendipitous discovery by OATES, GILLESPIE, UNDENFRIEND and SJOERDSMA [2] of the anti-hypertensive effect in man of the decarboxylase inhibitor, a-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine (a-methyldopa) has intensified the interest in the role of aromatic amines in human hypertension. Catecholamines have long been implicated as important factors in the regulation of sympathetic nervous system activity and many of the currently used depressor drugs, such as the RauwoEa alkaloids, guanethidine and bretylium, act by selective interference with these pathways. Initially, the seemingly logical hypothesis was formulated that a-methyldopa inhibited the formation of dopamine from dopa and the resultant depletion of catecholamines in both the central and peripheral sympathetic nervous systems, in turn produced the blood pressure lowering effect. Subsequent studies have demonstrated difficulties in correlating the effect of the drug on catecholamine levels with the antihypertensive response in animals [3]. Alpha-methyldopa is the racemic formof a-methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine. The levorotatory form of the drug has been designated methyldopa (Aldomet); this L-isomer possesses the decarboxylase inhibitory activity and also accounts for the hypotensive effects [3,4]. Chemical studies in patients which showed that the &cornpound is inactive [4] suggested that the depressor mechanism of this new anti-hypertensive was indeed related to its competitive inhibition of dopa decarboxylase. Other studies revealed that the answer was not so simple. When given intravenously to dogs [5] or to man, the depressor action of methyldopa did not appear for l-3 hr, and lasted 12-24 hr. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect on decarboxylation was evident at once, and became less apparent or was dissipated when the delayed blood pressure lowering effect appeared [5]. At present, the exact mechanism of the depressor effect of methyldopa is not known. The purpose of this paper is to report the acute effects of methyldopa on various hemodynamic responses in man.
Sharp Estimates of the Sobolev Norm ofuTimes the Gradient ofv

Abstract We give a new proof of the following inequality. In any dimensionn≥2 and for 1 ‖u ∇v‖ L p ( R n ) ≤C‖u‖ L p, s ( R n ) ‖v‖ L p, s ( R n ) , whereLp, s(Rn) denotes the usual Sobolev space and ∇vdenotes the gradient ofv. The choice ofsis optimal, as is the requirement thatn>p. In addition, some Sobolev norms ofu ∇vcan be estimated.
Towards A Real Time Implementation Of The Marr And Poggio Stereo Matcher

This paper reports on research--primarily at Marr and Poggio's [9] mechanism level--to design a practical hardware stereo-matcher and on the interaction this study has had with our understanding of the problem, at the computational theory and algorithm levels. The stereo-matching algorithm proposed by Marr and Poggio [10] and implemented by Grimson and Marc [3] is consistent with what is presently known about human stereo vision [2]. Their research has been concerned with understanding the principles underlying the stereo-matching problem. Our objective has been to produce a stereo-matcher that operates reliably at near real time rates as a tool to facilitate further research in vision and for possible application in robotics and stereo-photogrammetry. At present the design and construction of the camera and convolution modules of this project have been completed and the design of the zero-crossing and matching modules is progressing. The remainder of this section provides a brief description of the Marr and Poggio stereo algorithm. We then dis-cuss our general approach and sonic of the issues that have come up concerning the design of the individual modules.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cannibalism Control Treatments and Egg Shell Thickness

Abstract In recent years debeaking and the use of plastic devices for altering the chicken’s vision have been resorted to as means of controlling cannibalism. Whether or not these treatments affect egg shell thickness when birds must consume supplementary oyster shell warrants investigation. Debeaking White Leghorns did not affect the total egg production (Bray et al., 1960). This suggests that the birds could eat and drink sufficiently well to maintain egg production. However, there is a possibility that the hens did not eat enough oyster shell to lay eggs with the best shell texture, but could maintain a good rate of lay. No report was given on thickness of the egg shells. Noles et al. (1962) reported that egg size was not affected by debeaking. Slinger et al. (1962) found that debeaking greatly reduced the consumption of grit in pullets 8–20 weeks of age. As a result of their work, …
Assessment of off-normal emissions from hazardous waste incinerators Part 1. Assessment of off-normal emission frequency and duration

Abstract This is the first of two papers which report the results of a study of off-normal emissions from operation of a liquid injection hazardous waste incinerator. Reported in this paper are the results of off-normal emission frequency and duration assessment using probabilistic methods. The emissions from the incinerator are grouped into three categories: principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs), particulates, and acid gases. The Integrated Reliability and Risk Analysis System (IRRAS) software is used for fault tree quantification and uncertainty analysis. The mean off-normal emission frequencies of each category are assessed as 0.24, 0.15 and 0.85 times per year for POHCs, particulates and acid gases respectively, and off-normal durations are modeled as log-normally distributed. The results of off-normal emission intensity and total off-normal emissions are reported in the second paper.
Game-Theoretic Communication Structures in Microgrids

This paper presents a game-theoretic communication structure, which is a network constructed among distributed controllers in the microgrid. This helps to share local controller information, such as control input, individual objectives among controllers, and finds a better optimized cost for the individual objectives. The modeling follows a game-theoretic framework for the energy conversion and control elements inside small-scale power systems (SSPS) or microgrids. These elements form teams to optimize performance and operation based on available information and communication. The team players are able to minimize a common objective when there is communication, and shift to the individual local objectives when communication fails. This paper also presents analysis to determine the minimal performance standards for the given level of communicated information. Then it shows optimal information mixing for team player modeling. In addition, a Stackelberg model is proposed for the microgrid with a leader-follower modeling approach. The last part of this paper shows possible examples with network contingency study with team player participation.
Legacy sediment stored in sinkholes: a case study of three urban watersheds in Tennessee, United States of America

As closed topographic depressions, sinkholes effectively divide karst regions into a series of subwatersheds, where swallets within each sinkhole define the downstream end of each subwatershed. Water and sediment are temporarily stored in sinkholes before continuing to underground streams. While pathways and travel times of water in karst terrain are commonly found using tracing techniques, such techniques do not provide information about the movement and travel time of sediment through these systems. This paper reviews the literature regarding sediment storage within sinkholes and presents a case study, the objective of which is to estimate the magnitude and timing of sediment deposition within three sinkholes in an urbanized area in Tennessee, United States of America. Sedimentation rates in sinkholes were estimated based on age determination of cultural artifacts (buried trash and coal fragments) and by 14C dating. For the three study sinkholes, minimum deposition rates (maximum residence times) were 1...
Prefractionation enhances loading capacity and identification of basic proteins from human breast cancer tissues

Abstract Many basic proteins (pI > 7) and putative disease biomarkers are not identified using conventional proteomic methods. This study applied a new method to improve the identification of such proteins. Prefractionated basic proteins were compared with total tissue lysates from human ductal carcinoma in situ tissue loaded on basic immobilized pH gradient strips prior to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Extraction of alkaline proteins was achieved in less than 20 min using a chromatofocusing resin and two buffers in a microcentrifuge tube. Prefractionation showed improved resolution and visualization of low-abundance proteins on 2-DE gels, allowing proteins to be excised, accumulated, trypsin-digested, and identified by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Proteins identified in the prefractionated samples had a higher number of peptides and three times the number of unique basic proteins when compared with total lysates. Low-molecular-weight (LMW,
Tense and aspect in truth-conditional semantics

Abstract This article shows in simplest possible terms how the standard truth-conditional semantic framework deals with basic data involving various tense and aspect forms in English. Although I only discuss English examples, the idea is that the overall approach can be applied to any language. I start with a provisional definition of the terms “tense” and “aspect” and some basic terms to be used in the article. I then discuss some differences between an artificial logical language such as tense logic and natural language, but also point out that the former does have lot of contribute to our understanding of natural language tense systems. The next four sections show how the standard formal semantic system, which is a sophisticated descendent of the logical/philosophical tradition in semantics, deals with unembedded tenses, the progressive, the perfect, and embedded tenses. It is hoped that this work also serves the purpose of introducing a formal semantic viewpoint to those who are unfamiliar with it.
The Grain Refining of Aluminum and Phase Relationships in the Al-Ti-B System

A number of researchers have suggested that there may be phase relationships in the Al-Ti-B system, which can be used to explain why boron improves the grain refining ability of aluminum-titanium master alloys. In this paper, the available information on the phase diagram is reviewed and theoretical calculations are made to establish the ternary Al-Ti-B phase diagram. The phase diagram cannot explain the important effect of boron. It appears to be necessary to seek another explanation.
Autistic regression and Landau-Kleffner syndrome: progress or confusion?

The autistic spectrum/pervasive developmental disorders (termed autism here) are neurobehavioral conditions which are characterized by severe qualitative impairments in social reciprocity and communication, associated with stereotypical behaviors and interests. Autism is frequently combined with other symptoms of neurological dysfunction, including abnormal electroencephalograms (EEGs) and clinical seizures in at least 50% of affected individuals. A subgroup of children who develop the impairments of autism after initially normal development (termed ‘autistic regression’) is of particular interest. These children have an increased incidence of abnormal EEGs similar to those found in individuals with Landau–Kleffner syndrome (LKS) (acquired epileptiform aphasia). Recognition of overlapping clinical and electrophysiological features in these two conditions has led to speculation that there may be a pathophysiological relationship between them. This commentary will discuss the diagnosis and treatment of autistic regression (AR) and LKS, to provide a clinical perspective on their sometimes confusing relationships.
Excuse me : What did you just say?! : Women's public and private responses to sexist remarks

Abstract Two studies illustrate women's struggle between their desire to challenge sexism and the social pressures and costs that lead to not publicly responding. In Study 1, 45% of the women confronted a man who made a sexist remark and only 15% did so directly. Confronting was most likely to be chosen by women actively committed to fighting sexism in their daily lives. Private responses illustrate that a lack of responding was not necessarily indicative of complacency about the remarks or a lack of thoughts about confronting. The results from Studies 1 and 2 reveal that diffusion of responsibility, normative pressures to not respond, social pressures to be polite, and concern about retaliation likely suppressed responding.
Pulvinar nucleus and temporal lobe epileptic seizures. A comment to “Guye et al.” Brain 2006; 129: 1917–1928

Sir, We have been much interested in reading the paper by the Marseille Epilepsy group regarding the implication of the thalamus, mostly the medial pulvinar nucleus, in temporal lobe epileptic (TLE) seizures (Guye et al . Brain 2006; 129 : 1917–28). Using non-linear correlation of intracerebral ictal signals the authors elegantly showed an increase in the level of synchrony from seizure onset to seizure end between hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, lateral temporal neocortex and thalamus ictal activities. This finding is in line with our own data obtained using the same stereotactic recording (SEEG) procedure in the same mesial and lateral temporal areas and in medial pulvinar nucleus (PuM) during 74 TLE seizures gathered in 14 patients referred for TLE surgery in our department. …
Developmental changes in proximal tubule NaCl transport.

The proximal tubule reabsorbs two thirds of the filtered NaCl in an isoosmotic fashion. In the adult proximal tubule, active NaCl transport is mediated by the parallel operation of Na+/H+ and Cl−/base exchangers, and a substantive amount of chloride transport occurs passively across the paracellular pathway. Studies in the neonatal proximal tubule have resulted in unexpected results. The isoform of the Na+/H+ exchanger mediating proximal tubule sodium absorption, NHE3, is virtually absent in the neonatal rat kidney. NHE8, an isoform of the Na+/H+ exchange, in low abundance on the apical membrane of the adult proximal tubule, is present in high abundance in the neonatal segment. Whereas chloride permeability is high in the adult, favoring passive paracellular chloride flux, the neonatal proximal tubule is virtually impermeable to chloride ions. This is again due to a developmental change in isoforms of proteins forming the tight junction. The permeability properties of epithelia are due to a family of tight junction proteins called claudins. Claudins 6 and 9 are expressed in the neonatal proximal tubule at a time when chloride permeability is low, but these claudin isoforms are virtually absent in the adult segment. The causes for these postnatal changes in proximal tubular transport and developmental isoform changes are also discussed in this review.
Bulk Segregation in Rotated Granular Material Measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Many mixtures of granular materials tend to segregate when tumbled in a rotating horizontal cylinder, with the different components separating into bands of relatively pure single concentration along the rotational axis. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study concentration variations within a mixture of different sized spheres segregated in this manner indicates a more complicated structure within the bulk than can be observed or even inferred from surface measurements. Moreover, when the rotation speed is reduced and the homogeneous mixed state appears to be restored on the surface, the MRI data reveals that the radially segregated state persists.
Effect of Surface Corrugation on Convection in a Three-Dimensional Finite Box of Fluid Saturated Porous Material

The problem of finite amplitude thermal convection in a three-dimensional finite box of fluid saturated porous material is investigated, when the lower boundary of the fluid is corrugated. The nonlinear problem of three-dimensional convection in the box for the values of the Rayleigh number close to the classical critical value and for small values of the amplitude of the corrugations is solved by a perturbation technique. The preferred mode of convection is determined by stability analysis. In the absence of corrugation three-dimensional modes of convection can be either stable or unstable depending on the values of the aspect ratios of the box, while two-dimensional rolls are always stable, provided that the box aspect ratios allow the existence of such modes of convection. In the presence of boundary corrugation with the appropriate form, different three-dimensional or two-dimensional modes of corrugation can be stable or unstable. For a rough boundary with local roughness sites, the location, size, and number of the roughness elements plus the wave numbers of the convection modes and the box aspect ratios can all play a role leading to either stable or unstable particular three- or two-dimensional flow patterns. For a wavy boundary, resonant wave-vector excitation can lead to the preference of stable two- or three-dimensional flow patterns whose wave vectors are in a subset of those due to the wavy boundary, while nonresonant wave-vector excitation can lead to the preference of stable flow patterns whose wave vectors are not generally in a subset of those due to the wavy boundary. Heat transported by convection can either be enhanced or be reduced by certain proper forms of the corrugations and by appropriate values of the box aspect ratios. Due to the surface corrugation highly subcritical modes of convection are stable, while highly supercritical modes of convection are unstable.
WEIGHT CHANGE PATTERNS IN NEONATAL ABSTINENCE

The impact of maternal drug dependency on weight changes after birth was assessed in 131 passively addicted infants. The maternal population included 40% who took methadone alone and 56% who abused other drugs concurrently with methadone. Abstinence was treated with phenobarbital (PH) in 53 infants and with paregoric (PA) in 45 infants by random design; the remaining 33 infants (C) did not require treatment to control mild abstinence signs. The three groups were comparable as to sex ratio, ethnic distribution, gestational age, and birth weight. Adjusting for birth weight and caloric intake, both PA and PH treated groups of addicted infants lost more weight than the untreated group on days 9-10, at which point untreated babies were discharged; PH-C=94 grams(p <.01),PA-C=96 grams(p<.01). On day 21 the PH group had gained significantly more weight than the PA group(p<.01). When patterns of weight loss and gain were corrected for abstinence severity based on a standard scoring system, both significant differences disappeared completely (r2=.91 on day 9, r2=.86 on day 21). These findings are consistent with the concept that severity of abstinence directly affects weight loss and gain within the first month of life. Infants requiring treatment for moderate or severe abstinence should receive caloric supplementation during that period.
QED at a finite chemical potential

We consider multiflavor QED on a finite lattice at a finite chemical potential and show that the partition function only depends on the variables, ($\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{i}}{{q}_{i}}\ensuremath{-}\frac{{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{1}}{{q}_{1}}$), for $i=2,\ensuremath{\cdots}$, where ${q}_{i}$, $i=1\ensuremath{\cdots}$ are integer valued charges of the various flavors and ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{i}$, $i=1\ensuremath{\cdots}$ are the dimensionless chemical potentials of the various flavors.
Silent mitral stenosis masquerading as pulmonary neoplasm

Abstract We report the findings in a patient with severe silent mitral stenosis whose chest X-ray was interpreted to show post obstructive pneumonia due to a subcarinal mass.
Spin density distribution of the photoexcited triplet state of anthracene via electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy

Abstract The values of spin density of the anthracene triplet have been determined from the analyses of electron spin echo envelope modulations and a program of non-linear least-squares fitting as follows: p 1 (α) = 0.116, p 2 (β) = 0.05, p 9 (meso) = 0.285 and p 11 = −0.058. The values of anisotropic and isotropic proton hyperfine coupling constants per unit spin density on the adjacent carbon have also been determined. Comparisons with previously reported values are presented.
Probing Conformational Changes of Gramicidin Ion Channels by Single-Molecule Patch-Clamp Fluorescence Microscopy

Complex conformational changes influence and regulate the dynamics of ion channels. Such conformational changes are stochastic and often inhomogeneous, which makes it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to characterize them by ensemble-averaged experiments or by single-channel recordings of the electric current that report the open-closed events but do not specifically probe the associated conformational changes. Here, we report our studies on ion channel conformational changes using a new approach, patch-clamp fluorescence microscopy, which simultaneously combines single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy and single-channel current recordings to probe the open-closed transitions and the conformational dynamics of individual ion channels. We demonstrate patch-clamp fluorescence microscopy by measuring gramicidin ion channel conformational changes in a lipid bilayer formed at a patch-clamp micropipette tip under a buffer solution. By measuring single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer and fluorescence self-quenching from dye-labeled gramicidin channels, we observed that the efficiency of single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer and self-quenching is widely distributed, which reflects a broad distribution of conformations. Our results strongly suggest a hitherto undetectable correlation between the multiple conformational states of the gramicidin channel and its closed and open states in a lipid bilayer.
Cloning without Prior Approval: A Response to Recent Disclosures of Noncompliance

In September 1994, the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal published a special issue on the ethics of embryo splitting or "cloning," which included papers originally prepared for a workshop on embryo splitting sponsored by the National Advisory Board on Ethics in Reproduction (NABER) and NABER's report, Human Cloning through Embryo Splitting. The impetus for the project was embryo-splitting research conducted by Drs. Jerry L. Hall, Robert J. Stillman, and others, at George Washington University and presented in October 1993 at a joint meeting of the American Fertility Society and the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. Media coverage at the time reported that the research had been approved by the university's formal review committees. However, it came to light in December 1994 that the researchers had not obtained approval from the university's institutional review board prior to conducting the research. Following a university investigation, the researchers were disciplined and instructed to destroy their data. The university also voluntarily forwarded the records of the incident to the Office for Protection from Research Risks at the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Hall resigned from George Washington University in September 1994. In the following postscript to her article on the ethics of embryo splitting (KIEJ, September 1994), Ruth Macklin discusses these events. The letters and memoranda that she cites were obtained from NIH through the Freedom of Information Act.