cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oral Maxillary Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Management of the Clinically Negative Neck

Purpose Squamous cell carcinomas of the hard palate, maxillary gingiva, and maxillary alveolus occur at relatively low rates compared with squamous cell carcinomas in other oral sites. There is little within the surgical literature to guide treatment for maxillary squamous cell carcinoma. To date, only 1 other group has addressed neck management in the oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma patient presenting with a clinically negative neck. Adequate characterization of maxillary gingival carcinoma behavior with respect to regional cervical metastasis is wanting. Patients and Methods We present a retrospective review of our own clinical experience as well as a review of the existing literature. Results In our University of California San Francisco patient group, cervical disease was detected in 20% of those individuals with maxillary squamous cell carcinoma presenting for initial consultation. After ablative surgery, those individuals who presented with clinically negative necks had a 21.4% rate of regional node metastasis. Ultimately, 50% of our patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the palate, maxillary gingiva, and maxillary alveolus developed regional or metastatic distant disease; 42.9% of the patients manifested disease to the cervical lymph nodes alone. Conclusions The cases of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinomas reviewed herein exhibit aggressive regional metastatic behavior comparable to that of such carcinomas of the tongue, floor of the mouth, and mandibular gingiva. Based on the findings presented herein, we recommend selective neck dissection in the setting of a clinically negative neck as a primary management strategy for patients with oral maxillary squamous cell carcinomas involving the palate, maxillary gingiva, and maxillary alveolus.
T-cell lymphoma as a model for the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy: impact of depsipeptide on molecular markers, therapeutic targets, and mechanisms of resistance

Depsipeptide (FK228) is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor currently in clinical trials and the first to demonstrate clinical activity in patients. Responses have been observed in patients with T-cell lymphomas, despite prior treatment with multiple chemotherapeutic agents. To better understand the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on T-cell lymphoma, the human T-cell lymphoma cell line HUT78 was tested for sensitivity and molecular response to depsipeptide. Treatment with depsipeptide, as well as other histone deacetylase inhibitors, caused induction of histone acetylation, induction of p21 expression, and substantial apoptosis without significant cell cycle arrest. Treatment with the caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk significantly inhibited depsipeptide-induced apoptosis, enabling detection of cell cycle arrest. Treatment with depsipeptide increased expression of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor, and combination with the IL-2 toxin conjugate denileukin diftitox resulted in more than additive toxicity. Cells selected for resistance to depsipeptide overexpressed the multidrug resistance pump, P-glycoprotein (Pgp). However, cells selected for resistance to depsipeptide in the presence of a Pgp inhibitor had a Pgp-independent mechanism of resistance. These studies confirm the activity of depsipeptide in a T-cell lymphoma model and suggest a general sensitivity of T-cell lymphoma to histone deacetylase inhibitors, an emerging new class of anticancer agents.
Cultural mistrust and mental health help-seeking attitudes among Filipino Americans.

As low as the rate of mental health help-seeking is among Asian Americans, Filipino Americans seek mental health services at a much lower rate even compared with other Asian Americans. Despite the field’s progress in identifying and understanding factors that may influence mental health help-seeking attitudes among Asian Americans, despite research on other minority groups suggesting that cultural mistrust may influence attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, and despite the abundance of literature documenting the historical and contemporary experiences of oppression by Filipino Americans, the possibility that cultural mistrust may play a significant role in Filipino Americans’ mental health help-seeking attitudes have yet to be empirically investigated. Thus, using a sample of 118 Filipino Americans, the current study demonstrates that higher levels of cultural mistrust is related to lower likelihood of seeking professional psychological help. Furthermore, cultural mistrust predicted variance in mental health help-seeking attitudes that are not accounted for by income, generational status, loss of face, and adherence to Asian cultural values. Implications for future research are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Diffraction and holography with photoelectrons and Auger electrons: Some new directions

Abstract The current status of photoelectron and Auger-electron diffraction is reviewed, with emphasis on new directions of activity. The use of forward scattering in the study of adsorbed molecules, epitaxial overlayers, and clean surfaces is one of the most developed applications, and one that will become more powerful as higher energy resolution and perhaps spin analysis are used to resolve emitters on the basis of chemical state, position at a surface, or magnetic state. The use of larger data sets spanning a considerable fraction of the solid angle above a surface will also much enhance the structural information available, for example, in the growth of epitaxial layers or nanostructures on surfaces. Detailed fitting of experimental data to theoretical calculations based upon either single scattering or multiple scattering should also provide more rich structural information, including such parameters as substrate interlayer relaxation. Surface phase transitions in which near-surface layers become highly disordered can also be studied, with results that are complementary to those from such techniques as low-energy electron diffraction and medium-energy ion scattering. Short-range magnetic order also can be probed by somehow resolving the spin of the outgoing electrons, e.g. by using multiplet-split core levels. Valence levels also are found to exhibit core-like diffraction effects in cases for which there is somehow rather complete integration over the bands involved, e.g., through working at higher photon energies, higher temperatures and/or integrating over energy in spectra. The possibility of holographically analyzing large-scale diffraction data sets so as to directly yield three-dimensional atomic images is also promising for certain types of problems, especially adsorbates or thin overlayers. Although several types of aberrations and artifacts arise with such holographic images, a number of correction procedures appear possible, and tests of these in model calculations and for a few sets of experimental data are encouraging. Although the application of this type of analysis to multilayer substrate emission is still somewhat problematic in showing atomic images that are severely elongated, this is not necessarily true for adsorbate emission. A recent experimental and theoretical study of an adsorbate using a selected data range yields promising results. Finally, theoretical calculations indicate that it should also be possible to apply the holographic methodology to the direct imaging of short-range magnetic order.
Snare retrieval of a catheter fragment with inaccessible ends from the pulmonary artery

Frequent use of central venous lines has led to an increasing problem with embolized catheter fragments which have become lodged in the right heart and pulmonary vasculature. Removal of catheter fragments is justified because of a high complication rate when they are left in situ. Using a snare retrieval apparatus catheter fragments may be quickly and easily removed. In the past year we have seen 3 patients with embolized catheter fragments. One case was unusual in that its transverse position in the pulmonary vasculature required initial dislodgement with a pigtail catheter before it could be successfully snared. The literature and our experience suggest that most, if not all, catheter fragments in the right heart and pulmonary circulation can be successfully retrieved without resorting to thoracotomy.
Moderating effect of age on the association between alcohol use and sexual risk in MSM: evidence for elevated risk among younger MSM.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are substantially impacted by HIV/AIDS in the United States. Alcohol use is frequently studied as a predictor of sexual risk in MSM, but findings for this association have been mixed. Developmental differences in this effect may help to explain equivocal findings. 143 MSM (analytic sample 137) ages 16–40 completed weekly diaries of sexual encounters and associated situational factors for 12 weeks. Analyses were conducted with Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Alcohol use before sex was not associated with sexual risk across all participants. Participant age moderated this effect; alcohol use before sex was associated with increased odds of sexual risk in younger MSM only. These analyses expand on previous findings by utilizing a wider age range than most prior studies and adjusting for the effects of several theoretically-selected covariates. Young MSM are an important group to target for addressing alcohol use in the context of sexual behavior.
Contact resistance on diffused resistors

The electrical behavior of contacts on diffused resistors can be explained by an equivalent transmission line. What contributes to the contact resistance and how the contacts can be optimized will be discussed in this paper.
Nephropathy-gonadal dysgenesis, type 2: renal failure in three siblings with XY dysgenesis in one

The nephropathy-XY gonadal dysgenesis syndrome in a 17-year-old phenotypical female with focal glomerulosclerosis was associated with renal failure in two sisters, one with crescentic glomerulonephritis at 27 months, and one with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis at 10 years. Neither the propositus or the siblings had the distinctive mesangial sclerosis of nephropathy-XY dysgenesis, type 1 (Drash syndrome). The association of nephropathy-XY dysgenesis with familial nephritis of heterogeneous pathology suggests that nephropathy-XY dysgenesis, type 2, may relate to separate genetic loci for XY dysgenesis and glomerulopathy or reflect a loss of protection against familial renal disease when the Y chromosome is absent or defective.
A parallel block iterative method for the hydrodynamic device model

Block iterative methods are applied to hydrodynamic simulations of a one-dimensional submicrometer semiconductor device. It is shown that block successive underrelaxation (SUR) converges with a fixed relaxation factor omega =0.13 for simulations at 300 K and omega =0.04 at 77 K. To demonstrate the robustness of the block iterative method, numerical simulations of a steady-state electron shock wave in Si at 300 K for a 0.1- mu m channel and at 77 K for a 1.0- mu m channel are presented. The block SUR method is parallelizable if each diagonal block solve can be done efficiently in parallel. Using chaotic relaxation and the preconditioned conjugate gradient method for the parallel diagonal block solves, a parallel speed up of approximately 2.5 is obtained on 10 processors of a Butterfly GP-1000. >
Hypercholeresis with cholate infusion in dogs with pigment gallstones.

We previously reported that dogs with pigment gallstones infused with taurocholate produce higher bile flow than normal dogs due to an increase in bile-acid independent bile flow. Since dogs with pigment gallstones are taurine-depleted and secrete large amounts of unconjugated bile salt, we hypothesized that the observed increased bile flow is secondary to the presence of unconjugated bile salts in the biliary tract, and cholate infusion was compared in normal and pigment gallstone dogs. Cholate increased bile flow significantly (P<0.05) from 5.2 and 8.2 to 31 and 57 µl/kg/min in normal and pigment gallstones dogs, respectively. Plots of bile flow versus bile acid output yielded separate linear relationships with a higher slope in gallstone dogs, but mannitol clearance indicated that excess flow originated in the canaliculus. Extended cholate infusion (570 min) severely taurine depleted normal dogs and increased cholate secretion, but bile flow remained significantly lower (P<0.05) in normal dogs than in gallstone dogs. Choleretic activity of cholate in normal dogs was similar to that of taurocholate, but was nearly twice that of taurocholate in gallstone dogs. Choleretic activity increased in both groups with extended cholate infusion, suggesting adaptive changes in a biliary system bathed with unconjugated bile salts. These results are important since the increased bile flow in dogs with pigment gallstones would increase delivery of all biliary components to the gallbladder contributing to the high concentrations of gallbladder bile calcium previously observed in these dogs. It also has important physiological implications concerning the formation of bile in the proximal biliary tree. The data are most consistent with either direct hepatocyte stimulation to secrete another anion or with cholate/anion exchange at the canalicular, rather than ductal, level.
Radiative transport in an absorbing planar medium II. Predictions of radiative source functions

Abstract An accurate solution of the source function for radiative heat transfer through a nonisothermal absorbing and emitting grey gas between heated plates is given in terms of tabulated functions. The prediction is based on an approximate formula originally proposed by Yamamoto for a grey gas atmosphere and is extended to allow for the presence of a uniform independent internal source of energy release. It is shown that knowledge of the Hopf function and the moments of the Chandrasekhar-Ambartsumian X and Y functions is sufficient to calculate solutions with a maximum fractional error of about 0·01 per cent. An alternative approach, based on Case's method of solution, is developed in the appendix and serves to confirm the functional forms of the approximate formulas. The results of this paper in conjunction with an earlier paper suffice to calculate the most important physical quantities with remarkable accuracy and simplicity.
Contemporary outcomes for surgical mitral valve repair: A benchmark for evaluating emerging mitral valve technology

Objective The emergence of transcatheter approaches to mitral valve (MV) repair has focused attention on outcomes after surgical MV repair. Results from the EVEREST II trial demonstrated worse short-term major adverse event (MAE) rates for surgical repair. This study analyzes contemporary outcomes of surgical MV repair to establish a benchmark for future therapeutic comparisons. Methods From 2003 to 2008, 903 isolated MV repair operations were performed at 13 different statewide cardiac centers. Patients were excluded if they had prior valve operations or mitral stenosis similar to EVEREST II. MAE rate was defined using similar criteria to EVEREST II, including postoperative atrial fibrillation and transfusion of 2 units of blood or more. Univariate analyses and multivariate regression models were applied to identify independent predictors of MAEs after surgical MV repair. Results Mean patient age was 57.0 ± 13.2 years, and the majority of patients were men (59.0%, 533/903). The prevalence of preoperative risk factors was as follows: stroke 3.9% (35/903), immunosuppression 2.4% (22/903), heart failure 32.1% (290/903), renal failure 3.5% (32/903), and previous coronary artery bypass grafting 3.4% (31/903). Mean ejection fraction was 55.6 ± 11.3%. MAE rate was 29.0% (262/903), including atrial fibrillation 17.6% (159/903), renal failure 1.3% (12/903), stroke 0.9% (8/903), and operative mortality 1.1% (10/903). Multivariate correlates of MAE included the following: advanced age, prior stroke, immunosuppression, and operation time. Importantly, gender, previous coronary bypass grafting, renal failure, and ejection fraction were not independent predictors of MAE. Conclusions In the current era, patients undergoing surgical MV repair have low mortality. MAE rate was largely due to postoperative atrial fibrillation. These results may help to stratify which patients may be best served with newer technologies.
Keeping the Lights On: How Government Funding Concerns Drive the Advocacy Agendas of Nonprofit Homeless Service Providers

Human service nonprofits have historically played an important role in advocating on behalf of the vulnerable populations that they serve. Growth in privatization has led many scholars and practitioners to wonder if increased dependence on government funds would compromise this role. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between government funding and advocacy participation, goals, and tactics through a qualitative investigation of advocacy involvement in the field of homeless services. Results demonstrate that having government funding is associated with managers being highly motivated to participate in advocacy in the hopes of solidifying funding relationships. As a result, advocacy goals are focused primarily on brokering resources and promoting the organization rather than substantive policy change or client representation. Furthermore, in order to be perceived as a legitimate partner to government, organizations reject confrontational methods and advocate as insiders. Overall, these findings indicate perceptions about advocacy may need to shift as increased reliance on government funding has made advocacy participation and participation in collaborative governance virtually indistinguishable.
Deletion of σ54 (rpoN) Alters the Rate of Autolysis and Biofilm Formation in Enterococcus faecalis

Transcription initiation is a critical step in bacterial gene regulation and is often controlled by transcription regulators. The alternate sigma factor (σ54) is one such regulator that facilitates activator-dependent transcription initiation and thus modulates the expression of a variety of genes involved in metabolism and pathogenesis in bacteria. This study describes the role of σ54 in the nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecalis. Biofilm formation is one of the important pathogenic mechanisms of E. faecalis, as it elevates the organism's potential to cause surgical site and urinary tract infections. Lysis of bacterial cells within the population contributes to biofilm formation by providing extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a key component of the biofilm matrix. Deletion of rpoN rendered E. faecalis resistant to autolysis, which in turn impaired eDNA release. Despite the significant reduction in eDNA levels compared to the parental strain, the rpoN mutant formed more robust biofilms as observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy and Comstat analysis, indicating and emphasizing the presence of other matrix components. Initial adherence to a polystyrene surface was also enhanced in the mutant. Proteinase K treatment at early stages of biofilm development significantly reduced the accumulation of biofilm by the rpoN mutant. In conclusion, our data indicate that other factors in addition to eDNA might contribute to the overall composition of the enterococcal biofilm and that the regulatory role of σ54 governs the nature and composition of the biofilm matrix.
Creating project-based learning experiences for University-K-12 partnerships

The development of University-K-12 partnerships to promote increased interest in and knowledge of STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) disciplines requires well-planned and implemented curricular content. The content must meet several constraints, including interest to the partner-teacher, relevance to the students to help engage them, and consistency with state and national standards. Through four years of experience, we have developed a process to create new project-based experiences that are used by college students who teach in middle school classrooms. The process involves input from partner-teachers, development of activities and lessons by college students, and oversight and refinement of the content by program administrators. The project-based learning approach is consistent with national and state standards and has been shown to improve the understanding of basic concepts, to encourage deep and creative learning, and to develop teamwork and communication skills. The essential elements of the development process for our project-based curricula are included here.
Masculinity in the Workplace: The Case of Mexican Immigrant Gardeners:

In many parts of the United States, jardineria, or suburban maintenance gardening, has become a gendered occupational niche for Mexican immigrant men. Based on participant observation research with a group of Mexican immigrant gardeners in Los Angeles, this article examines the construction of masculinity in a workplace occupied by Mexican immigrant men. These jardineros construct, affirm, challenge, and negotiate their masculinity through their routine work activities and through their daily on-the-job interactions with their fellow workers. Moving beyond a sort of reiteration of a flat, cultural concept of machismo, jardinero masculinity stresses a more nuanced structural understanding of Mexican immigrant men’s masculinity and how it is intertwined with their performance of masculinized ‘‘dirty work’’ in private households. It is a distinctly working-class form of masculinity, which results from the interplay between very specific, localized cultural constructions, and deployment in the context of raci...
Current Topics on Reliability of High Power Electrical Machines Employed in Mining Applications

High-power electrical machines employed in mining and power generation are critical systems that require (long lifetime) high reliability and availability. That is why proper specification, design, operation and maintenance are needed together with condition monitoring and diagnostics. Concerning the application, it must be considered a comprehensive system design, including manufacturing, testing, installation, operation and maintenance, regarding dielectric strength of insulation, materials, structural and mechanical fixations for ensuring expected lifetime. One key issue is the insulation aging because of thermal, mechanical, electrical and chemical factors. Any detrimental effect is progressive and affects lifetime of the machine insulation. Partial discharges activity is one sign of aging of insulation, stating the needs of proper monitoring and diagnostics regarding the insulation condition. There are important experiences with bus-connected machines, but relative few documented experience regarding mining applications. This paper gives a review and discussion of the main topics and recommendations given by the industry practice and by standards with the objective of helping engineers to identify course of actions for ensuring better reliability of high power electrical machines employed in utility and mining applications. Index Terms—Reliability, power system reliability, mining industry safety, partial discharges, insulation, dielectric breakdown, surface contamination, aging, failure analysis, electromagnetic forces, insulation thermal factors
Safety and Efficacy of Endocervical Brush Sampling During Pregnancy

Endocervical cytobrush sampling is currently contraindicated in pregnancy because of a lack of data documenting its safety during gestation. We report our experience in a series of 827 pregnant women sampled for cervical chlamydial infections or cytology with the cytobrush technique. In our cases, there was minimal method-related morbidity and the brush appears safe in the pregnant patient. Cytobrush sampling appears to have improved diagnostic accuracy for chlamydial cervicitis in the nonpregnant patient. We compared the technique to the dacron-swab method in 605 pregnant women. The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 5.1%. Each method detected 80% of infections present, however, bacterial contamination of the cultures was present in one-third more samples obtained with the cytobrush (P = 0.001). Cytobrush sampling purportedly is more accurate for cytologic study in the nonpregnant patient. We compared the technique to cotton-swab methods in 222 pregnant women. The cytobrush was significantly better (...
Placing the Anthropocene: a day in the life of an enviro-organism

A turning point in human–environment relations has been signalled by the term Anthropocene. Academic responses to the Anthropocene must acknowledge the unprecedented role of humankind on the planet while avoiding models that dismiss or minimise the agency of non-human actors. They must pay attention to hybridity, materiality, actor-networks and nonrepresentational geographies, and at the same time, they must appreciate posthumanist blurring of ontological divides between the social and the natural, and an ethics of mutual inclusion. One way to meet these varied objectives is by understanding place as an organic whole orchestrated by human and non-human communications, an entity I call an ‘enviro-organism’. An account of the enviro-organism proceeds through three phases of the day on a generic, though far from universal, beach. It integrates four goals: to renew understanding of communication as a geographical process, to emphasise scalar ambiguity, to reveal various ways in which communications are embodied and to promote holistic ways of acting and thinking with the world rather than against it. Theoretical foundations in Peircean semiotics, biosemiotics and Jacob von Uexkull's idea of Umwelt permit this sustained focus on communication as a generalised phenomenon linking humans and non-humans in a place.
Functional polymers and dendrimers: reactivity, molecular architecture, and interfacial energy

The interaction of polymers with their environment depends largely on the functional groups they carry. Interfaces between different polymers or between polymers and other surfaces can be strengthened through the design of molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and through the control of polymer architecture. The placement of functional groups at polymer chain ends or in well-defined segments can determine the ultimate properties. Three-dimensional synthetic polymers such as dendrimers can be fashioned to encapsulate reactive sites or provide highly controlled surfaces and interfaces.
SEPTIMU: continuous in-situ human wellness monitoring and feedback using sensors embedded in earphones

A mobile phone, as a pervasive device, has great potential in human wellness monitoring. In this demo, we first present the design and implementation of our hardware - SEPTIMU. SEPTIMU consists of a small baseboard and a pair of tiny sensor boards embedded inside conventional earphones. The baseboard provides power conversion and data communication through the normal audio jack interface. The embedded sensor board is 1×1cm2 and integrates 3-axis accelerometer, gyroscope, thermometer, photodiode and microphone. Secondly, we evaluate SEPTIMU using a mobile application that continuously monitors body posture and provides feedback to the user.
REINVENTING AIRSPACE: SPECTATORSHIP, FLUIDITY, INTIMACY AT PEK T3

In this article, I explore the contemporary practice of air travel conceptualizing airports as socio-technical mobilities. Drawing both from the notion of “space” posited by Michel de Certeau and that of “non-place” by Marc Auge, I argue that the supermodern nature of air travel has generated forms of crisis that have embedded themselves in the architecture and the modus operandi of contemporary airports. Airports are necessarily located in a physical and tangible sense, yet their function is so tightly coupled with transience, mobility and spectatorship, that they bring anthropological accounts of “place” to unprecedented extremes. In this article, I analyze three tensions that are inherently bound to the contemporary practice of air travel and that present themselves as symbiotic phenomena: spectatorship/solitude, fluidity/control, intimacy/sameness. I explore the presence and interplay of these tensions in the spatial (spectatorship), technological (fluidity) and physical (intimacy) arrangements of the recently completed Terminal 3 at Beijing's International Airport.
Probing the salt bridge in the dihydrofolate reductase-methotrexate complex by using the coordinate-coupled free-energy perturbation method.

Abstract The importance of the ionic interaction due to the formation of the salt bridge between the Asp-27 and the pteridine ring in Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase-methotrexate complex has been studied by using the free-energy perturbation method. The calculation suggests that the ion-pair contribution to the binding energy is insignificant, as the enzyme surroundings do not stabilize the salt bridge to the extent of the desolvation of the charged groups. The activation barrier for the proton exchange between the pteridine ring and the Asp-27 is calculated to be 20.1 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.184 J) by using the coordinate-coupled perturbation method, implying that this may be a channel to the proton exchange from the pteridine ring to the solvent. The Gibbs-energy difference of binding between the Asn-27 and Ser-27 is calculated to be 3.2 kcal/mol and is mainly due to the electrostatic interactions.
Unified View of Prediction and Repetition Structure in Audio Signals With Application to Interest Point Detection

In this paper, we present a new method for analysis of musical structure that captures local prediction and global repetition properties of audio signals in one information processing framework. The method is motivated by a recent work in music perception where machine features were shown to correspond to human judgments of familiarity and emotional force when listening to music. Using a notion of information rate in a model-based framework, we develop a measure of mutual information between past and present in a time signal and show that it consist of two factors - prediction property related to data statistics within an individual block of signal features, and repetition property based on differences in model likelihood across blocks. The first factor, when applied to spectral representation of audio signals, is known as spectral anticipation, and the second factor is known as recurrence analysis. We present algorithms for estimation of these measures and create a visualization that displays their temporal structure in musical recordings. Considering these features as a measure of the amount of information processing that a listening system performs on a signal, information rate is used to detect interest points in music. Several musical works with different performances are analyzed in this paper, and their structure and interest points are displayed and discussed. Extensions of this approach towards a general framework of characterizing machine listening experience are suggested.
Exchange and ecstasy : Luther's eucharistic theology in light of Radical Orthodoxy's critique of gift and sacrifice

It is frequently alleged that Martin Luther's doctrine of justification by grace through faith posits absolute human passivity vis-a-vis God and, on account of the past completion of Christ's sacrifice, disconnects Christians from the cross. This article takes issue with this view. Specifically, it disputes the claim that, through his doctrine of justification, Luther became an unwitting advocate of the conceptual juxtaposition of gift and exchange and thus also an ideologue of the shift from an organic to a contractual view of society. Instead, I argue, Luther's eucharistic theology anticipates the concerns of Radical Orthodoxy's critique of gift and sacrifice. It does so, however, in a more forceful manner, in that for Luther gift and exchange are so bound together in his doctrine of justification that the eucharist, instead of being a mere paradigm for social relationships (as Radical Orthodoxy would have it), radically restructures those relationships in the all -embracing unfolding of its participatory gratuity. An additional merit of Luther's vision lies in its systematic description of the eucharist's gift-character in terms of socially and vocationally construed delay and non-identical repetition, actively involving both God and humans – a description not afforded by Radical Orthodoxy's critique.
Airway management and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcome in the CARES registry.

a b s t r a c t Background: Optimal out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) airway management strategies remain unclear. We compared OHCA outcomes between patients receiving endotracheal intubation (ETI) versus supra- glottic airway (SGA), and between patients receiving (ETI or SGA) and those receiving no advanced
High velocity compressible viscous flow

Pressure drops were measured for the high velocity isothermal viscous flow of steam in circular tubes. For the velocities tested, up to 0.48 times the isothermal sonic velocity, these flows obeyed the following equation with an average deviation of 2.4%. This equation differs from the Poiseuille-Meyer equation commonly used to correlate isothermal viscous flow in that it includes the term (NRe/3) In (P1/P2) which accounts for the change in momentum caused by expansion. In deriving this equation, the mean velocity, mean squared velocity, and wall shear stress were obtained from the parabolic velocity distribution for normal viscous flow. The velocity profile should flatten as the isothermal Mach number increases, and it is therefore anticipated that somewhere above the range tested the equation will no longer prove applicable. Variants of the equation, which take into account the flattening of the velocity profile in the range tested, did not fit the experimental data quite as well.
Publishing Medical Research: A Marketplace on the Commons

Biomedical research has grown into a competitive global enterprise that influences patient care, population health, public policy, corporate profits, and the global economy. The keys to this treasury have historically been held by the editors of prominent medical journals. The journey to publication is often a long and tortuous path for authors and reviewers, let alone for the public and patients.
Physics design and scaling of Elise

Elise is an electrostatically focused heavy-ion accelerator being designed and constructed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The machine is intended to be the first half of the four-beam Induction Linac Systems Experiment (ILSE), which ultimately will test the principal beam dynamics issues and manipulations of induction heavy-ion drivers for inertial fusion. Elise will use an existing 2 MeV injector and will accelerate space-charge-dominated pulses to greater than 5 MeV. The design objective of Elise is to maximize the output beam energy within the fixed project budget while allowing for adequate beam diagnostics, flexibility in the acceleration schedule, and beam parameters suitable for ILSE and the experimental program. We review the design equations and ''rules of thumb'' used for choosing beam and lattice parameters for heavy-ion induction accelerators, and we discuss incorporating these relations in a spreadsheet program that generates internally consistent lattice layouts and acceleration schedules. These designs have been tested using a one-dimensional (1-D) particle simulation code, SLIDE, a 3-D fluid/envelope code, CIRCE, and a 3-D particle-in-cell code WARP3D. Sample results from these calculations are presented. Results from these dynamics codes are also shown illustrating sensitivities to beam and lattice errors and testing various strategies for longitudinal confinement of the beam ends.
Black Carbon in Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Dissolved Organic Matter

Analysis of high-molecular-weight dissolved organic matter (DOM) from two estuaries in the northwest Atlantic Ocean reveals that black carbon (BC) is a significant component of previously uncharacterized DOM, suggesting that river-estuary systems are important exporters of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon to the ocean.
Effect of antenatal exposure to Saint John's wort (Hypericum) on neurobehavior of developing mice

Abstract Objective: We conducted, in a randomized, placebo-controlled manner, behavioral testing on mice offspring exposed antenatally to the herbal antidepressant Saint John's wort ( Hypericum ). Study Design: A daily dose of Saint John's wort (0.75 mg/g of food consumed), equivalent to that in human beings according to body surface, was chosen because it has been shown to cause an antidepressant effect in adult mice. CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to consume either Saint John's wort (n = 45) or a placebo (n = 45) for 2 weeks before conception and throughout gestation. Behavioral testing consisted of early developmental tasks of geotaxis, separation vocalization, and homing, followed by motor, anxiety, and depression assessments into adulthood. Results: Birth weights of male offspring were less in the Saint John's wort group than in the placebo group (1.68 vs 1.75 g; P Conclusion: Antenatal exposure to a therapeutic dose of Saint John's wort showed no long-term deficits on selected behavioral tasks by developing mice offspring. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1225-31.)
C-O-U-N-T C-A-R-B-S A 10-Step Guide to Teaching Carbohydrate Counting

C-O-U-N-T C-A-R-B-S: A 10-Step Guide to Teaching Carbohydrate Counting describes a performance-based approach staff nurses can use to reinforce carbohydrate-counting learning in patients newly diagnosed with diabetes. A pilot of this strategy, which emphasizes practical, interactive exercises designed to improve transference of learning after discharge, was implemented in the Patient Learning Center at the University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis. Based on feedback offered by 8 patient participants, guidelines were developed to help nurses apply evidenced-based adult learning principles to their diabetes education practice. Many nurses lack confidence in their ability to provide diabetes diet education. This article offers nurses practical guidelines for providing patients with opportunities for successful performance experiences in diet education, a method shown to produce better behavioral outcomes than the didactic strategies commonly used in hospitals at present.
Indomethacin attenuates the cerebral blood flow response to hypotension in late-gestation fetal sheep

Previous studies by us and others have demonstrated that PGE2 and thromboxane (Tx) B2 are produced in the fetal and neonatal brain during cerebral hypoperfusion. The present study was to test the h...
A phase I trial of liposomal doxorubicin (D), bevacizumab (A), and temsirolimus (T) in advanced malignancy

e13508 Background: Liposomal doxorubicin (D) and bevacizumab (A) are active drugs in multiple malignancies. Unfortunately, resistance mechanisms have been described for each that limit their effica...
Strategic advertising policy in international oligopoly markets

AbstractStrategic trade policy has become an important tool used by countries to increase domestic welfare. Ma and Ulph (2012) further this discussion by analyzing strategic advertising policy in international oligopoly markets. They find that it is always optimal for a home government to subsidize advertising for exports, whether firms compete in a Cournot- or Bertrand-type game. By extending their analysis to include the Cournot-Bertrand model, we find that an advertising subsidy is not always optimal for the home country. In some cases, the optimal strategic policy is an advertising tax.
Endothelin Mediates a Ca2+ Activation Signal in Human Monocytes

Restoration of blood flow to ischemic organs after shock or vascular occlusion may result in further reperfusion damage. In animal models of reperfusion injury, the presence or absence of leukocytes significantly influences the severity of injury [1]. Some leukocyte factor(s) may be critical to the injury, and the aim of the current studies is to indentify those factors in underperfused vascular beds that might trigger the leukocyte component of this injury. Endothelin, a 21 amino acid peptide produced by the vascular endothelium, is a potent vasoconstrictor of vascular smooth muscle via a Ca2+-dependent mechanism [2]. Endothelin may be a polyfunctional cytokine in that it also elicits intracellular ionized Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increase in anterior pituitary cells [3] and renal mesangial cells [4]. A series of studies were planned to evaluate whether endothelin mediates a Ca2+ activation signal in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (H-PBMC), monocytes, or lymphocytes.
Detection of Random Signals in Additive Noise

Having discussed the detection of known signals in additive white noise and the detection of narrowband coherent and incoherent signals in narrowband noise, we finally turn our attention to the problem of random signal detection. In the detection of narrowband incoherent signals we allowed the phase (as well as the amplitude) of the signal to be modeled as a random variable. Here our signal will be modeled entirely as a non-deterministic random process. Following the scheme of our development so far, the focus will be on the detection of a random signal in additive white noise. Additionally, however, a brief discussion of narrowband random signal detection in narrowband noise is included in this chapter.
A novel technique to detect turbid water and mask clouds in Greenland fjords

The existing National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS MOD35_L2 cloud mask performance was assessed using imagery of Kangerlussuaq Fjord, Greenland. It was found to perform suboptimally, especially near glacially fed river mouths, due to sediment-laden water being highly reflective in near-infrared wavelengths. In situ observations of suspended sediment concentration SSC were compared against MODIS band 1 and 2 reflectance and show a reflectance saturation effect past which increasing SSC values fail to increase the reflectance of water. A new mask optimized for turbid waters uses the reflectance saturation effect observed in high-SSC water. This new mask and a custom adaption of individual tests within the existing MOD35_L2 cloud mask were tested. The new mask outperforms the standard MOD35_L2 mask and the combination of new and custom masks was shown to screen out clouds very well in Greenland fjords. It is thought that with local measurements of MODIS band 1 and 2 reflectance values of turbid water to serve as training data, this mask should perform equally well in other turbid coastal waters.
An ecological approach to learning with technology: responding to tensions within the “wow-effect” phenomenon in teaching practices

This review explores Anne Kamstrupp’s “The Wow-effect in Science Teacher Education” by examining her theorized “wow-effect” as a teaching enactment that may serve to engage students, but often fails to provide deep understanding of science content. My response extends her perspective of socio-materiality as means to understand the “wow-effect” by suggesting social constructivism provides a more accurate lens to disentangle the phenomenon. I react to her position that tension fields within the phenomenon include the relationship between new and old technologies, boredom and engagement, and active and sedentary learning. In this conversation, I point to a new way of conceptualizing using digital media in the classroom as ecology of learning that may serve to decrease problems associated with the “wow-effect”.
Steam Gasification Rates of Three Bituminous Coal Chars in an Entrained-Flow Reactor at Pressurized Conditions

Three bituminous coal chars (Illinois #6, Utah Skyline, and Pittsburgh #8) were gasified separately at total pressures of 10 and 15 atm in an entrained-flow reactor using gas temperatures up to 1830 K and particle residence times Utah Skyline > Illinois #6.
When Is Hospice Appropriate? The Role for Hospice in Palliating Patients with Bone Metastases

At some point in their disease trajectory, cancer patients with bone metastases will become candidates for end of life care. Depending upon the tumor type and treatment options, this point can occur earlier in some tumor types or patients with poor performance status. Hospice services may be the most appropriate means of supporting cancer patients when treatment options are less likely to provide effective relief from symptoms, or when a patient feels that supportive care alone fits best with their goals of care. Advanced cancer patients will be eligible for hospice care, but may be more appropriately palliated with a surgical intervention. Several available prognostic tools are available to help guide both the surgeon and the patient in decision making. Consultation with a palliative care physician will be helpful in difficult case where the risks and benefits of surgical intervention may be less clear.
Simulation and Application of Construction Machinery Based on Virtual Prototyping Technology

Virtual prototyping technology is an advanced technology of mechanism domain developed in recent years.It would be the developing trend that the virtual prototyping technology was used in the research and design of construction machinery.Based on introducing the virtual prototyping technology and famous simulated software ADAMS briefly,the optimization design of construction machinery was expounded expressly on using ADAMS.The particular example was given to show the method and process of simulation.
Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of category C infectious diseases in Binyang County form 2008 to 2011

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of category C infectious diseases in Binyang county and to discuss prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive methods were used to analyze the epidemiological data of category C infectious diseases in Binyang from 2008 to 2011. Results From 2008 to 2011,there were 21 883 cases including seven kinds of category C infectious diseases reported in the whole country,and the average annual incidence rate was 609.45/100 000. The peak incidence phase was from April to June; The incidence rate of male was higher than female; The cases focused on 0~5 years of age,accounting for 56.94%; The main cases were children and students,accounting for 46.86% and 25.33% respectively; The top three highest incidences of diseases were hand-foot-mouth disease,hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and mumps. Conclusion In Binyang county from 2008-2011,the incidence of category C infectious diseases shows an upward trend. Hand-foot-mouth disease and mumps are the main category C infectious diseases in Binyang. The focus of control and prevention measure in future should be on children and students.