cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Perennial Warm-Season Bioenergy Grasses. II. Seasonal Differences in Elephantgrass and Energycane Morphological Characteristics Affect Responses to Harvest Frequency and Timing

Elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and energycane (Saccharum spp. interspecific hybrid) are perennial C4 grasses with potential for use as bioenergy feedstocks. Their biomass production has been quantified, but differences in plant morphology and the relationship of morphology with biomass harvested and plant persistence are not well understood. The objective was to quantify monthly changes in morphological characteristics of elephantgrass (cv. Merkeron and breeding line UF1) and energycane (cv. L 79-1002) and relate these changes to biomass accumulation and plant responses to defoliation. All were evaluated monthly during full-season growth or when defoliated once in mid-season. Merkeron and UF1 elephantgrass generally showed similar morphological characteristics. Relative to energycane, elephantgrass had fewer tillers early in the growing season, less seasonal variation in tiller number, greater tiller mass and maximum leaf area index (LAI), and earlier spring development of LAI. Energycane showed slower leaf area development in spring, lower maximum LAI, and shorter period of increasing tiller mass and canopy height during the growing season relative to UF1. Elephantgrass had greater incidence of lodging than energycane when exposed to high wind, likely due to greater elephantgrass tiller mass. Morphological characteristics of tall-growing bioenergy grasses help to explain differences among them in biomass production and plant persistence responses to defoliation.
Dichlone-induced oxidative stress in a model insect species, Spodoptera eridania.

Southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, larvae were provided ad libitum 0.002–0.25% w/w dichlone, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (CNQ). Larval mortality occurred in a time-and-dose dependent manner, with an LC17 of 0.01% and an LC50 of 0.26% CNQ at day-5. Extracts of larvae fed control, 0.01, and 0.25% CNQ diets for 5 days were assayed for antioxidant enzymes. While 0.01% CNQ had a mild effect, 0.25% CNQ profoundly increased levels of all antioxidant enzymes that were examined. The increases as compared to control were: 5.3-, 1.9-, 3.2-, 2.6-, 2.8-, and 3.5-fold higher for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase and its peroxidase activity, glutathione reductase and DT-diaphorase, respectively. At 0.01% CNQ, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were similar to the control group. However, despite the induction from 0.25% CNQ of all enzymes examined, the lipid peroxidation was not attenuated; the TBARS were 29.7% over the control value. High mortalities and CNQ-induced pathologies reflected in retarded growth, wasting syndrome, and diuresis clearly indicated that the insect sustained severe oxidant-induced injuries before appropriate defenses were fully mobilized. Thus, this quinone causes an oxidative stress in a model insect species analogous to that observed in mammalian species.
TRIADIC TRANSFERENCES OF PATHOLOGICAL FAMILY IMAGES

Traditionally, self-object and psychosexual transferences have been thought of as dyadic processes. This paper emphasizes the importance of seeing the triadic transferences that are contained within the more visible dyadic transferences. Triadic transferences are the partial recreation of replicas of pathological family images that were constructed from experiences with father-motherchild triads during childhood. Detecting them lessens the likelihood of therapeutic impasses occurring which resemble family of origin dyadic alliances. Childhood development and developmental arrest are discussed from a triadic perspective. In a healthy psychological family a triadic heterosexual family image is constructed which contains a triadic self and a resolved Oedipus.
From Carbohydrates to the Discovery of Pronounced Heteroatomic Effects on Anionically Accelerated [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements

The (Z)-(iodovinyl)oxetane 12 was prepared from D-glucose and the acyclic analog 18 was obtained from D-mannitol. Following the generation of their lithium derivatives by halogen−metal exchange, coupling to the enantiopure vinyl-substituted norbornanones 20, 23, and 29 proceeded exclusively via endo attack to deliver the targeted exo-carbinols. The anionic oxy-Cope rearrangements of 21 and 24 were seen to differ appreciably in rate. While the sulfur derivative 24 experiences [3,3] sigmatropy with a half-life of less than a minute at −78 °C, its oxygen analogue 21 proved unreactive below −20 °C under entirely comparable conditions. This phenomenon is critically examined in a synthetic context involving 26 and 30, where the heavily functionalized acyclic side chain involved previously is supplanted by an oxetane assembly. In the sulfur example, isomerization occurs very rapidly as before with 100% transfer of chirality. The kinetic response of vinyl ether 26 now proved to be entirely comparable. However, the pathway followed in this instance was intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the “naked” alkoxide at the less substituted C−O bond of the oxetane with ring cleavage and formation of alcohol 28. The global findings provide a glimpse of the subtle way in which [3,3]-sigmatropic transpositions can be modulated by heteroatomic substitution.
Limited weld residual stress measurements in fatigue crack propagation: Part I. Complete field representation through least-squares finite-element smoothing

An equilibrium-based, weighted least-squares algorithm is developed to reconstruct the complete residual stress field tensor throughout the specimen volume using a limited set of residual stress measurements and a priori boundary conditions. Using a set of residual stress data acquired by neutron diffraction over a limited region of an AA2024-T351 friction-stir-welded specimen, the method is used to reconstruct the complete residual stress tensor field. Results indicate that (1) the algorithm is robust and effective in quantifying the complete residual stress field throughout the region of interest; (2) appropriate smoothing parameters are readily obtained so that the reconstructed, complete residual stress field accurately reflects the experimental measurements and (3) the resulting residual stress field is in self-equilibrium.
Reclaiming Futures: Communities Helping Teens Overcome Drugs, Alcohol and Crime—A New Practice Framework for Juvenile Justice

Increasing numbers of youth entering the juvenile justice system on drug-related charges require new practice frameworks for youth advocates. Screening, assessment and intervention capabilities hav...
The slow axisymmetric thermocapillary migration of an eccentrically placed bubble inside a drop in zero gravity

Abstract The quasi-static problem of the motion of a bubble contained inside a drop in free fall due to a prescribed axisymmetric temperature field on the drop surface is treated theoretically. The linearity of the problem permits the convenience of calculating and discussing the influence of each pure Legendre mode of the surface temperature field individually. Typical streamlines and isotherms are displayed, and the behavior of the bubble migration velocity is discussed. An approximation for the bubble velocity useful for small values of the ratio of bubble radius to drop radius is presented and compared with the exact results.
Climate-induced changes in forest disturbance and vegetation

New and published climate-model results are discussed which indicate that global warming favors increased rates of forest disturbance as a result of weather more likely to cause forest fires, convective wind storms, coastal flooding, and hurricanes. New sensitivity tests carried out with a vegetation model indicate that climate-induced increases in disturbance could, in turn, significantly alter the total biomass and compositional response of forests to future warming. An increase in disturbance frequency is also likely to increase the rate at which natural vegetation responses to future climate change. The results reinforce the hypothesis that forests could be significantly altered by the first part of the next century. The modeling also confirms the potential utility of selected time series of fossil pollen data for investigating the poorly understood natural patterns of century-scale climate variability.
A locus problem involving the three-dimensional city-block metric

Abstract In connection with multidimensional scaling, representations have been considered of the form abDcd ← ϱ(f(a), f(b)) ≦ ϱ(f(c), f(d)), for all a, b, c, d ∈ A, where A is a nonvoid finite set, D is a four-place relation on A, f is a function from A into Euclidean n-space, R n , and ϱ is a metric in R n . For particular metrics there exist finite universal axiomatizations which are necessary and sufficient for the above representation. On the other hand, it is known that no such axiomatizations can be given for either the supremum metric or the ordinary Euclidean metric. Methods for showing this apply easily to the city-block metrics in R 1 and R 2 . This article describes a computer-aided verification of a locus result which shows the impossibility of finite universal axiomatizability for the case of the city-block metric in R 3 . The result was obtained by dealing with 21,780 cases, each of which involved a set of 10 equations in 12 unknowns along with a related set of inequalities.
Attachment Style and Gender as Predictors of Communicative Responses to Infidelity

This study set out to determine one's communicative responses to infidelity as predicted by attachment style and gender. Three hundred ninety-two participants responded to a measure of attachment and were then randomly assigned to one of three scenarios: imagining a partner's sexual infidelity, imagining a partner's emotional infidelity, and imagining a partner's combined sexual and emotional infidelity. Participants then responded to a communicative response scale in reaction to the scenario. Results showed moderate support for attachment theory and provided support for predicted gender differences. Additional analysis revealed responses differed by whether or not the participant's partner had been unfaithful. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Differential cytokine requirements for regulation of autoimmune gastritis and colitis by CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells.

Murine autoimmune gastritis, induced by neonatal thymectomy or the injection of CD25-depleted lymphocytes into nu/nu recipients, is characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate into the gastric mucosa, parietal cell destruction and circulating anti-parietal cell antibodies. Using RAG-2(-/-)mice as recipients, we determined that the induction of disease relies on CD4(+)CD25(-)effector cells and prevention relies on CD4(+)CD25(+)regulatory cells; neither requires participation of CD8 cells or B cells. The severity of gastritis was dependent on the cytokine repertoire of CD4(+)CD25(-)effector T cells. Recipients of IL-4(-/-)T cells developed more severe gastritis and recipients of INF-gamma(-/-)T cells developed milder disease than recipients of wildtype or IL-10(-/-)effector T cells. Gastritis did not develop in the absence of IL-12. Protection from gastritis does not require either IL-4 or IL-10 because CD4(+)CD25(+)cells from IL-4(-/-)or IL-10(-/-)mice completely abrogated the disease process. CD4(+)CD25(+)cells also protected RAG-2(-/-)recipients from colitis and inhibitory activity was partially dependent on IL-10 expression. These findings highlight the critical role of CD4(+)CD25(+)regulatory T cells in protection from several autoimmune syndromes and delineate the differential contribution of IL-10 to CD4(+)CD25(+)Treg activity in the settings of gastritis and colitis.
Population Biology of Pseudoperonospora humuli in Oregon and Washington

ABSTRACT Pseudoperonospora humuli populations from Oregon and Washington were analyzed for genetic variation using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) markers. The genetic structure of the Oregon and Washington populations differed considerably. There was little genetic diversity in Washington, with only five RAPD and six DAF groups detected among 40 isolates tested. One genotype was predominant in Washing-ton. In contrast, 18 RAPD and 34 DAF groups were found among the 40 isolates tested from Oregon. No unique band profile associated with host cultivar was observed. It is suggested that the distinct difference in population structure between the two geographic regions might be due to climatic differences resulting in a higher frequency of sexual reproduction of P. humuli in Oregon than in Washington.
"Ghost[s] in the House!": Black Subjectivity and Cultural Memory in Howard Sackler's The Great White Hope

After The Great White Hope (1967) won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama in 1969, its author, Howard Sackler, told the New York Times that the play was not “about blacks and whites” and was instead “a metaphor of struggle between man and the outside world.” Figuring racial identity as a dramatic device, he argued that what made the play compelling was “not [its] topicality, but the combination of circumstances, the destiny of a man pitted against society” (Shepard). Though Sackler drew the play’s protagonist Jack Jefferson from events in the life of the first African American heavyweight champion Jack Johnson, whose reign from 1908 to 1915 sparked racially motivated violence throughout the US, he consistently argued for the universality of the play’s characters and themes. Despite his claim, Jefferson’s racial identity and the nation’s racial turmoil framed theater critics’ discussion of the play in both the mainstream and African American press at its 1967 debut at the Arena Stage in Washington, DC, and its subsequent 1968 Broadway opening at the Alvin Theatre. In turning to the African American Freedom Struggle of the 1960s with its social and political unrest, as well as the spectral presences of both Johnson and Muhammad Ali in their evaluations of the play, theater critics resist Sackler’s positioning of universality and topicality as mutually exclusive and reject racial identity as simply a dramatic device. This critical impasse between Sackler’s stated authorial intent and theater critics, who do not deny the play’s universality, but instead emphasize its topical comment on 1960s racial politics, creates space to consider The Great White Hope from three vantages: first, as an exploration of the tensions between the play’s representation of Jefferson and the post-soul aesthetic that challenges Sackler’s claim of race-neutral universality; second, as a critique of Progressive Era racial hierarchies and racial uplift ideology—the “racial common sense” of the Progressive Era and its implications for African American subjectivity; and third, as a means of recovering how the play is situated in cultural memory by examining theater
Thermophoresis of solid particles in horizontal chemical vapor deposition reactors

Abstract To investigate the distortion of flow visualization data for chemical vapor deposition reactors due to thermophoretic transport of the tracer particles, the motion of solid particles is studied in a horizontal chemical vapor deposition reactor. Flow and temperature fields are determined using the finite element method. The path line of each particle is obtained on a local element-by-element basis by accounting for thermophoretic, drag, and gravity forces on each particle. Fluid flow and temperature profiles combined with thermophoretic phenomena are investigated for the first time in a complex geometry with realistic boundary conditions. Results are presented in terms of the size of the “particle-free” zone above the susceptor and particle path lines and velocities. The effect of the major operating parameters (susceptor temperature, inlet flow rate, carrier gas, operating pressure) on the thermophoretic transport for particles of different sizes and materials is reported. The predicted motion of solid particles shows very good agreement with smoke flow visualization and laser Doppler anemometry measurements. Related issues of particle contamination and so-called “stagnant layer” models are also addressed.
Survival After Prolonged Submersion in Freshwater in Florida

A 2-year-old boy was submerged for at least 20 min in a freshwater creek in Union County, FL. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was administered for approximately 1 h at the scene and during transport to the hospital. On arrival, his Glasgow coma scale score was 3 and rectal temperature was ≤ 26.7°C. He demonstrated respiratory failure, intense vasoconstriction, hemoglobinuria, anemia, hypercoagulability, thrombocytosis, leukopenia, and persistent coma. With intensive care, he began emerging from the coma after 72 h and progressively improved. Testing at the Developmental Evaluation Center and clinical observations showed him to be completely normal by 6 months after drowning. Thus, severe, rapid hypothermia can occur during drowning in cold water in any geographic location and at temperatures above those necessary for ice formation. Hypothermia provides cerebral protection from hypoxia, permitting total recovery with appropriate CPR and intensive care.
Circular Tuscan-k Arrays from Permutation Binomials

In this paper, we first discuss some properties of permutation polynomials over finite fields. In particular, a class of permutation binomials are introduced and a series of set complete mappings is constructed. Based on that, we present a new construction for Tuscan-l arrays with various sizes.
Data mining methods in face recognition

The paper presents an application of data mining methods for face recognition. We have proposed the rough sets methods to face recognition and selection of facial features based on the minimum concept description paradigm. The features from the face images have been extracted based on the singular value decomposition, followed by the principal component analysis, and rough sets processing. The recognition of facial images, for reduced feature sets, has been carried on using rough sets expert system and error backpropagation neural network.
Structure, stability, and interaction of fibrin αC-domain polymers.

Our previous studies revealed that in fibrinogen the αC-domains are not reactive with their ligands, suggesting that their binding sites are cryptic and become exposed upon its conversion to fibrin, in which these domains form αC polymers. On the basis of this finding, we hypothesized that polymerization of the αC-domains in fibrin results in the exposure of their binding sites and that these domains adopt the physiologically active conformation only in αC-domain polymers. To test this hypothesis, we prepared a recombinant αC region (residues Aα221–610) including the αC-domain (Aα392–610), demonstrated that it forms soluble oligomers in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner, and stabilized such oligomers by covalently cross-linking them with factor XIIIa. Cross-linked Aα221–610 oligomers were stable in solution and appeared as ordered linear, branching filaments when analyzed by electron microscopy. Spectral studies revealed that the αC-domains in such oligomers were folded into compact structur...
Tongue usage as a measure of cerebral cortical localization in the rat.

Abstract Previous work has demonstrated that forelimb-digital usage is disrupted in rats with frontal cortical lesions. The present experiment indicates that other motor functions, specifically tongue usage, are also influenced by the rodent cerebral cortex. The observed deficits of tongue usage were related to frontal cortical lesion placement and thereby support recent electrophysiological mapping studies of the rodent motor and somatosensory cortex. Bilateral frontal cortical lesions which were placed in two operative stages with interoperative testing did not spare tongue usage.
Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium XVIII: Session on malignant melanoma.

The malignant melanoma session at the Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium XVIII comprised four presentations focusing on immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of melanoma.
Systolic Digital Signal Processing Overview And Applications

This paper presents history and recent developments in the field of systolic processing and its application to the domain of digital signal processing. The first part of the paper discusses both theoretical and practical milestones in systolic processing - from cellular automata to the Warp machine. In the second part various application examples are given and discussed.
Gold-alumina cermet photothermal films

Cermet films of gold and aluminum oxide were sputter deposited onto silicon substrates. These films consisted of nanometer-sized gold grains embedded in a matrix of aluminum oxide and were designed to absorb visible radiation and minimally emit infrared radiation. Ex situ and in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry were used to characterize film optical constants from deep ultraviolet to middle infrared. The optical constants, for cermet films with gold volume fractions ranging from 0 to 1, were used in predictive optical models. Thermal performance was optimized using a new algorithm based on energy balances. This algorithm weights the parameter fit in predictive optical models to an ideal reflectance spectrum. This weighting factor emphasizes fitting in more significant spectral ranges and de-emphasizes fitting in less significant wavelength ranges. Absorptivity, emissivity, and their ratio were calculated for optimized film structures.
The Crystal Structures of the Calcium-Bound con-G and con-T[K7γ] Dimeric Peptides Demonstrate a Metal-Dependent Helix-Forming Motif

Short peptides that have the ability to form stable α-helices in solution are rare, and a number of strategies have been used to produce them, including the use of metal chelation to stabilize folding of the backbone. However, no example exists of a structurally well-defined helix stabilized exclusively through metal ion chelation. Conantokins (con)-G and -T are short peptides that are potent antagonists of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channels. While con-G exhibits no helicity alone, it undergoes a structural transition to a helical conformation in the presence of a variety of multivalent cations, especially Mg2+ and Ca2+. This complexation also results in antiparallel dimerization of two peptide helices in the presence of Ca2+, but not Mg2+. A con-T variant, con-T[K7γ], displays very similar behavior. We have solved the crystal structures of both Ca2+/con-G and Ca2+/con-T [K7γ] at atomic resolution. These structures clearly show the nature of the metal-dependent dimerization and helix formation and sur...
High-performance quantum cascade lasers grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy

Recent improvements in quantum cascade laser technology have led to a number of very impressive results. This paper is a brief summary of the technological development and state-of- the-art performance of quantum cascade lasers produced at the Center for Quantum Devices. Laser design will be discussed, as well as experimental details of device fabrication. Room temperature QCL operation has been reported for lasers emitting between 5 - 11 micrometers , with 9 - 11 micrometers lasers operating up to 425 K. We also demonstrate record room temperature peak output powers at 9 and 11 micrometers (2.5 W and 1 W respectively) as well as record low 80 K threshold current densities (250 A/cm 2 ) for some laser designs. Finally, some of the current limitations to laser efficiency are mentioned, as well as a means to combat them.
Superposition of Configurations in the Ground State of He I

To obtain some understanding of the role played by various configurations in configuration interaction, the Hylleraas six-term expression for the ground-state wave function of He I has been expanded in series of orthogonal functions. To determine the degree of dependence of the coefficients of the expansion on the specific function used for the ground state, the Hylleraas three-term expression was also expanded. Two sets of orthogonal functions were used. One set consisted of orthogonalized symmetrized product type wave functions where the functions for the individual electrons were found from a Hartree self-consistent field without exchange. The second set consisted of orthogonalized variationally determined analytic wave functions. The results emphasize the large number of configurations which would have to be considered if the Hylleraas wave function were to be represented with high accuracy. After $1{s}^{2}$ the largest contributors among the configurations considered were $2{p}^{2}$ and $2{s}^{2}$.
A field-deployable instrument for the measurement and speciation of arsenic in potable water

Abstract Extensive arsenic contamination of drinking water has been reported in many parts of the world. Trivalent As (As(III)) is regarded to be more toxic than pentavalent As (As(V)) and is slowly oxidized by dissolved oxygen to the latter. Collecting samples in the field and bringing them back to the laboratory is generally unsatisfactory for reliable analysis of As(III) and As(V), due to ongoing oxidative change of the sample. Even simple measurements of total As in the field is problematic due to the inadequate sensitivity of the available colorimetry based field kits. Anodic stripping analysis can be a good field technique to perform total and speciated measurements of dissolved inorganic As down to the 1 μg/l level. We offer an inexpensive portable stripping voltammetric instrument with a simple procedure for the field analysis of As(III) and As(V). The water sample is acidified to pH 1–2. As(III) and As(V) can be deposited onto a gold film electrode at −0.2 and −1.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl in 1 M HCl), respectively, then subsequently stripped in a medium of 4.5 M HCl. The As concentrations are determined by a standard addition method to account for any matrix effects. As(III) is first determined at a deposition potential of −0.2 V. Afterwards, all the As is oxidized to As(V) by the addition of a few drops of an oxidant, and total arsenic is determined by a deposition potential of −1.6 V. The original As(V) concentration in the sample is calculated by difference. Influences from foreign ions, organic compounds, pre-electrolysis potential and time and stripping medium have been investigated. The instrument is operated off a desktop or a notebook computer, equipped with an A/D–D/A card. The attainable limit of detection (LOD) is dependent on the deposition time, an LOD of 0.5 μg/l As(III) or As(V) is obtained for a deposition time of 80 s. For field use, the entire instrument is packaged into a wheeled, padded carrying case (60×24×42 cm external dimensions). In addition to a laptop computer, the package weighs 6.5 kg and has an average power consumption of 3.5 W.
Neuroprotective effects of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) treatment after spinal cord injury

Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) has been shown to ameliorate reduced dendritic growth induced by glutamate excitotoxicity in neuronal tissue cultures and/or provide an enhancement of functional recovery in central nervous system (CNS) injury. BMP7 expression is modulated by spinal cord injury (SCI), but the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroprotection have not been clearly defined. Here, we show that BMP7 treatment of rats subjected to mild cervical SCI significantly increased the pro-survival mitogen-activated protein kinase-38 (MAPK-38) pathway and levels of N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR-1) resulting in a significant increase in neuronal sparing in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Moreover, BMP7 was neuroprotective against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in cultured cortical neurons. These studies show that BMP7 administration may be used as a therapeutic strategy to reduce the damaging excitotoxic effects following SCI.
The hemolymph titer of juvenile hormone binding protein and binding sites during the fourth larval instar of Manduca sexta.

Abstract The binding activity of a hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein has been studied during the fourth instar of Manduca sexta . Multiple equilibrium dialysis as well as immunochemical precipitation suggests that the activity of juvenile hormone binding protein follows the curve for hemolymph protein concentration and not the juvenile hormone titer. Specific increases in binding occur at the time of ecdysis from the third to the fourth larval instar and from the fourth to the fifth larval instar. Estimations of binding sites indicate that early- and late-instar larvae have approximately the same number of sites (1.5 × 10 −7 , M ) and that the same protein is responsible for binding throughout the instar.
Use of a novel formulation of kraft lignin for toxic metal removal from process waters

Abstract Kraft lignin, a by‐product in paper production, was converted to a material with high potential for applications in removing toxic metals from process waters. The acid form of kraft lignin in powder form was first converted to Ca‐loaded material by treatment with various amounts of calcium hydroxide and then to a hard solid by combination with a resin in dimethylformamide (DMF) and heating. Strips of these lignin products (LP) were effective in removing Pb and Cd from solutions, with a Pb capacity of ca. 350 µmol/g. One mole of Ca was released to solution for each mole of Pb sorbed, thereby demonstrating that metal uptake was an ion exchange process and not simple adsorption. Advantages to these LP are that 1) they are reuseable with no loss in Pb uptake after eight cycles of uptake/regeneration, 2) their high structural stability is maintained even after immersion in water for 6 weeks, and 3) the DMF used in their preparation can be recovered and recycled.
Analysis of deformable electroelastic devices: cumulative effects of weak electric conduction

This paper presents the governing equations for small deformation electroelastic continua with electric conduction, consistently derived from the general continuum physics theory for electromagnetics and thermomechanics of deformable continua. The resulting small deformation equations are exactly the classical piezoelectric equations with additional electric body force and electric conduction terms. Furthermore, the paper presents weak forms of the small deformation equations and a corresponding finite element formulation suitable for nonlinear material constitutive equations. The response of highly electrically insulating devices can be dominated by the cumulative effects of weak electric conduction currents. Much of the engineering analysis literature is concerned with perfect electrically insulating deformable bodies, but the perfect insulator approximation is only accurate provided the time scales of loading are sufficiently fast compared to the time scales of electric conduction currents. Device designs based on perfect insulator analysis are likely to fail when subjected to sufficiently slow time scale loadings. A finite element example is presented for the transient response of a nonlinear repolarizable piezoelectric material embedded in an epoxy matrix, subject to an electric voltage step loading.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cyber security impacts on all-PMU state estimator - a case study on co-simulation platform GECO

Traditional state estimators require longer scan time, leading to delayed, and inaccurate state estimation. Given the increased deployment trend of phasor measurement units (PMUs), it is expected that all-PMU state estimation will eventually replace traditional or mixed state estimators at the control centers of power utilities. Due to the repeated calibration of the voltage and current transformers at the measurement sites, and direct time-synchronized measurement of phasors, the estimated state by an all-PMU state estimator is not only accurate, but also available at a rapid rate, leading to the use of the system state for protection, stabilization, and even calibration of the measuring devices. However, due to high reliance on an advanced communication network infrastructure for the delivery of large amount of measurements in real-time, the cyber attack surface of the power system is increased. Deliberate cyber attacks or unintentional network failures can affect the state estimator leading to misoperations of the power system. In this paper, we study the cyber security impacts on the all-PMU state estimator, using a power system and data network co-simulation method. A linear state estimator for a model of the New England 39-bus system and the corresponding data network is built in a global event-driven co-simulation platform “GECO” which was developed and leveraged for our experimental setup. The co-simulation of PSLF (power system simulator) and NS-2 (network simulator) is run with injection of attacks on the network. The injected cyber attacks in the form of network failures or malicious data injection are simulated and their effects are observed. We also, observe the robustness of the all-PMU state estimator, when the number of affected measurements is below a threshold.
The Fiscalization of Land Use: The Increasing Role of Innovative Revenue Raising Instruments to Finance Public Infrastructure

The fiscalization of land use—the use of land use planning and development to encourage revenue production as a first-order goal became important in the United States antitax environment of the 1980s. This article applies an application of this outlook to ways of financing public infrastructure. The article presents 17 different techniques beyond more intensive use and cash financing that help to avoid the economic and political constraints imposed by voters. These techniques illustrate the public finance creativity that the fiscalization concept engenders. Nearly all of these techniques employ debt finance instruments that do not need voter approval, and consequently, many are convoluted, arcane, and more expensive than vanilla debt issues. The article closes by discussing unintended consequences and problems.
INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE QUALITY OF VEGETABLES: ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY

Green beans, corn, peas and asparagus, which were filled in 211 × 011 cans, were subjected to various heat treatments in order to determine the values or reaction kinetic parameters for the thermal destruction of organoleptic quality. Shortly after these treatments, samples were subjected to flavor panel evaluation. Frozen vegetables were used as control samples for the evaluation. Since there were significant heating and cooling lags, each thermal process was mathematically converted to an idealized process with no lag's in the temperature response of sample food. This conversion is based on the use of a mass average sterilizing value estimated from a temperature history curve determined at the center of a can of sample food. Organoleptic quality destruction curves were obtained by plotting the common logarithm of isothermal heating time at which the quality of treated samples became objectionably poor against temperature. From the slope of these curves, the z values were obtained. These values are 52°F for green beans, 57 for corn, and 51 for peas. The z value was not determinable for the thermal destruction of quality in asparagus because of its special response to heat treatments.
On k-pairable graphs from trees

The concept of the k-pairable graphs was introduced by Zhibo Chen (On k-pairable graphs, Discrete Mathematics 287 (2004), 11–15) as an extension of hypercubes and graphs with an antipodal isomorphism. In the same paper, Chen also introduced a new graph parameter p(G), called the pair length of a graph G, as the maximum k such that G is k-pairable and p(G) = 0 if G is not k-pairable for any positive integer k. In this paper, we answer the two open questions raised by Chen in the case that the graphs involved are restricted to be trees. That is, we characterize the trees G with p(G) = 1 and prove that p(G □ H) = p(G) + p(H) when both G and H are trees.
Nuclear envelope proteins from Spisula solidissima germinal vesicles.

Abstract Biochemical characterization of the nuclear pore complex requires quantities of highly enriched nuclear pore complex material which could not be obtained with available procedures. We have developed a technique for the mass isolation of nuclear envelopes from germinal vesicles of Spisula solidissima oocytes. The nuclear pore complex is intact after isolation as judged ultrastructurally. The nuclear envelope and the pore complex fibrous lamina fraction are highly purified with respect to nuclear and cytoplasmic protein contaminants. The fibrous lamina pore complex (FLPC) as presently isolated consists of about eight major proteins, three of which are phosphorylated. Comparison of the FLPC of clams with that of rat reveals three proteins of similar molecular weights, which may be pore complex-specific proteins. The clam nuclear envelope has only one protein (67000) in the molecular weight range which is comparable to the three lamina of rat nuclei. The solubility, intermolecular cross-linking and in vitro phosphorylation of this protein resemble that of one of the lamina of rat nuclei. The other lamina of the rat nuclear envelope are not essential proteins of the pore complex because they are not present in the clam FLPC preparation. They also seem non-essential for the maintenance of the fibrous lamina.
Antiferromagnetic ordering of symmetry breaking in multiple planes

We present a multiplane model for the anyon problem. Anyons on different planes are coupled via a Coulomb–type interaction. We solve exactly finite clusters and show that the "antiferromagnetic" order of the chirality is favored for both attractive and repulsive interplane coupling. We also discuss a simple model that can be treated analytically and that has the same qualitative behavior as the exact results. Our results apply to the low density limit, in which finite currents exist in each plane. These currents also occur in the high temperature (nonsuperfluid) phase of the anyon system, and so our results should apply also to that regime.
SDT analysis of binary decisions and sensory intensity ratings to noxious thermal stimuli

During three sessions, each of 24 Ss responded to noxious thermal stimuli, using the following judgments: binary decision, S responded “high” or “low”; sensory intensity rating, S rated his sensory experience along a thermal intensity continuum; and concurrent report, S’s binary decision was followed by an intensity rating. The binary-decision d’ was significantly higher than the rating d′, suggesting that Ss could not maintain multiple thermal criteria in a consistent fashion. The criteria for pain obtained with single and concurrent intensity rating judgments did not differ. These results suggest that the most efficacious and valid method for the study of experimental pain is to obtain concurrent responses, and to use binary decisions to compute d’ and sensory intensity ratings to locate S’s criterion for reporting pain.
Probabilistic transmission planning in England and Wales

Following the changes in institutional arrangements in England and Wales, there is no centrally co-ordinated planning of new generation or closure of existing generation. New generation enters into a contract with the transmission company for connection. This contract will describe the project in sufficient detail to enable the appropriate transmission capacity to be determined. The decision to proceed with the generation project rests with the generation company, of which there are now thirty two. As new generation enters the market, an alike amount of generation is likely to leave the system with little advance notice. The paper examines the forecasting of future generation backgrounds and the techniques used to identify the range of transmission capacity that would be required to cope with the resulting power flows. The paper shows that planning future transmission capacity is an exercise in risk management and identifies a portfolio of measures the facilitates trading and competition in the energy pool and at the same time optimises the value of the transmission service.
Ward, Adams, and classical rhetoric

Several scholars have attempted to designate points along that continuum of rhetorical knowledge which links the classical period with other periods and with our own.1 In similar fashion this writer examines the link between English rhetorical theory as manifested in John Ward's interpretation of the ancients and American rhetorical theory prior to the elocutionary movement as advanced in the lectures of John Quincy Adams.
Health plan notification and feedback to providers is associated with increased filling of preventer medications for children with asthma enrolled in Medicaid

Objective To test the hypothesis that children enrolled in Medicaid managed care health plans that provide asthma-specific communication to providers would be more likely to have adequate asthma medication filling. Study Design We conducted a historical cohort study of 4498 children (2-17 years old) with moderate-severe asthma in Washington State and Tennessee Medicaid managed care programs from 2000 to 2002. Interviews with health plans were conducted to identify communication strategies health plans used to improve asthma care by providers in the plan. The main outcome measure was guideline-recommended filling of asthma preventer medications. Results Children in plans that provided specific feedback to providers about asthma quality and notified providers when children had an asthma-related event had the highest mean days plus or minus SE of filling in the 365-day follow-up period (164.6 ± 13 days) compared with children in plans with neither (135.3 ± 10.8 days; P Conclusion Health plan communication to providers was associated with increased preventer filling in children with moderate-severe asthma in 2 state Medicaid programs.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Dechlorination in Aquatic Sediments

The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues in the aquatic sediments from six PCB spill sites showed changes in PCB isomer and homolog (congener) distribution that indicated the occurrence of reductive dechlorination. The PCB dechlorinations exhibited several distinct congener selection patterns that indicated mediation by several different localized populations of anaerobic microorganisms. The higher (more heavily chlorinated) PCB congeners that were preferentially attacked by the observed dechlorination processes included all those that are either pharmacologically active or persistent in higher animals. All the lower (less heavily chlorinated) PCB congeners formed by the dechlorinations were species that are known to be oxidatively biodegradable by the bacteria of aerobic environments.
Restriction of CEA synthesis to the stationary phase of growth of cultured human colon carcinoma cells

Abstract CEA production by cultured human colon carcinoma cells was measured as a function of proliferative status. Both intra- and extracellular CEA levels were low for exponentially growing cells, but increased several fold when cells entered stationary phase of growth. It is suggested that CEA production may be limited to the G1 phase of the mitotic cycle.
On some testing problems for sparse contingency tables

A class of test statistics are proposed for sparse tables with ordered categories. It is shown that for different testing situations these test statistics asymptotically more powerful tests than Pearson's chi-square.
The physiology of wild animals

In recent years physiologists have increasingly paid attention to wild animals in their natural environment and to the physiological effects of environmental factors. Major advances have taken place in two fields: (1) effects of environmental variables (temperature, oxygen, water, etc.), and (2) sensory physiology and communication (acoustic, electric, olfactory, etc.). In this paper I discuss recent developments in the first of these fields: temperature regulation and metabolic responses to extreme temperatures (arctic, desert); use of water for temperature regulation, salt excretion and osmoregulation; energy demands during activity and locomotion (swimming, flying, running); and oxygen supply as it pertains to diving mammals and to bird flight at high altitude. Progress in these fields has vastly increased our understanding of the responses of wild animals to the demands and stresses of their environment.
FIBER OPTICALLY COUPLED DIODE ARRAY DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY SYSTEM.

A new type of digital radiography system of very high contrast sensitivity and spatial resolution is described which is based on the use of six linear arrays of self-scanning diodes fiber-optically coupled to a phosphor screen. The high detail of the system results from the fact that 6144 discrete diodes, 1024 per array, scan a field of view of 6 inches wide. A contrast sensitivity five times greater than film is achieved due to the high dynamic range of the diodes combined with the scatter rejection associated with the slit geometry. The entrance radiation exposure per image is 100 mR but could be reduced well below that in the future. Initial clinical experience has demonstrated the advantage of being able to display a single image over a wide range of window levels and window widths at the same time having a high contrast sensitivity in both the dark and light areas of the image. The complete digital radiograph is taken in a second, however the motion unsharpness is held to a minimum by virtue of an effective exposure time of 8 milliseconds. Applications to digital chest radiography and digital intravenous subtraction angiography in over 30 patients have shown the clinical value of this new form of radiography.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new sulfoximine synthesis

Abstract Selected sulfonimidoyl halides react with ethylaluminum dichloride to give S-ethyl sulfoximines in good yields.
Liver biology and pathobiology.

During the past 4 years, many interesting and important advances in liver biology and pathobiology have been identified in the Highlights section. However, several recurrent themes stand out reflecting foci of research for which HEPATOLOGY has provided a major forum in rapidly advancing fields. These include apoptosis, drug-induced liver injury, and alcoholic liver disease (ALD)/nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Some of the previously highlighted articles in these three areas of research will be put in the context of these rapidly evolving fields.
Halide interacti witonh phospholipids: Proton magnetic resonance studies

Abstract Water dispersions of egg phosphatidyl choline, dioleoyl phosphatidyl choline and lyso egg phosphatidyl choline have been studied by means of 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance techniques. The N + (CH 3 ) 3 proton signal, for phosphatidyl choline vesicles, consists of two components. The two components are thought to arise from N + (CH 3 ) 3 groups interior and exterior to the phosphatidyl choline vesicle. Anions were found to increase the separation of the two components. The effectiveness of the anions follows their order in the lyotropic series. For a given anion, the increase in component separation depends on the nature of the phospholipid. Iodine was found to modify the anion effect. The results are related to the results of other workers on water transport across lipid bilayer membranes and on phospholipid-halide-binding.