cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamic metabolic modeling of a microaerobic yeast co-culture: predicting and optimizing ethanol production from glucose/xylose mixtures

Background: A key step in any process that converts lignocellulose to biofuels is the efficient fermentation of both hexose and pentose sugars. The co-culture of respiratory-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae and wild-type Scheffersomyces stipitis has been identified as a promising system for microaerobic ethanol production because S. cerevisiae only consumes glucose while S. stipitis efficiently converts xylose to ethanol. Results: To better predict how these two yeasts behave in batch co-culture and to optimize system performance, a dynamic flux balance model describing co-culture metabolism was developed from genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of the individual organisms. First a dynamic model was developed for each organism by estimating substrate uptake kinetic parameters from batch pure culture data and evaluating model extensibility to different microaerobic growth conditions. The co-culture model was constructed by combining the two individual models assuming a cellular objective of total growth rate maximization. To obtain accurate predictions of batch co-culture data collected at different microaerobic conditions, the S. cerevisiae maximum glucose uptake rate was reduced from its pure culture value to account for more efficient S. stipitis glucose uptake in co-culture. The dynamic coculture model was used to predict the inoculum concentration and aeration level that maximized batch ethanol productivity. The model predictions were validated with batch co-culture experiments performed at the optimal conditions. Furthermore, the dynamic model was used to predict how engineered improvements to the S. stipitis xylose transport system could improve co-culture ethanol production. Conclusions: These results demonstrate the utility of the dynamic co-culture metabolic model for guiding process and metabolic engineering efforts aimed at increasing microaerobic ethanol production from glucose/xylose mixtures.
The Effect of Blade Loading on Sound Sources in a Ducted Rotor

A subsonic ducted rotor such as a fan, compressor, or propeller that is operating in a finite length duct creates a complicated far field acoustic signature. The sound producing mechanisms are dipole in nature, involving the interactions between the rotor and the turbulent approach flow as well as turbulence generated by the blades. The present study utilized a simple experimental model of a low speed axial fan operating in a duct whose length to diameter ratio was 6.5. The model was housed in an Anechoic Wind Tunnel which allowed the flow rate through the system to be controlled independently from the rotor speed. Radiated acoustic measurements were acquired at a range of speeds and operating points on the characteristic curve of the system. In addition, hot wire anemometry was used to document the salient features of the flow field which provided a connection between the acoustic observations and the fluid dynamics through the rotor. It was found that the interaction with the turbulent wakes of upstream support struts caused broad features in the acoustic spectra at multiples of the blade passing frequency at higher flow rates. At lower flow rates, part span stall led to local maxima in the acoustic spectra at non-integer multiples of the blade passing frequency.
Role of estradiol in inducing an ovulatory-like surge of luteinizing hormone in sheep.

Two experiments were performed to examine the effect of estradiol on secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and on the number of receptors for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) after down regulation of GnRH receptors in ovariectomized ewes. In the first experiment, ovariectomized ewes were administered one of four treatments: Group 1) infusion of GnRH i.v. for 40 h; Group 2) injection of 100 micrograms estradiol i.m.; Group 3) infusion of GnRH i.v. for 16 h followed immediately by an injection of 100 micrograms estradiol i.m.; and Group 4) infusion of GnRH i.v. for 40 h plus injection of 100 micrograms estradiol i.m. after the 16th h of infusion. Ewes in Groups 1, 3 and 4 responded to the infusion of GnRH with an immediate increase in serum concentrations of LH, with maximum values occurring between 2 and 4 h after the start of infusion; serum concentrations of LH then began to decline and were approaching the pretreatment baseline within 16 h. Administration of estradiol resulted in a surge of LH regardless of whether the pituitary had been desensitized by infusion of GnRH or not. In all cases the magnitude of the surge was similar to that induced by the initial infusion of GnRH. In Groups 2 and 3 the surge of LH began at 12.3 +/- 0.1 and 11.9 +/- 0.1 h after administration of estradiol. In contrast, the ewes in Group 4 had a surge of LH beginning 3.7 +/- 0.1 h after administration of estradiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bridge Methods: Using a Balanced Project Practice Portfolio to Integrate Agile and Formal Process Methodologies

This paper examines the non-linear nature of progress on software projects. It asserts that this uneven accomplishment stems from the continuous need to drive value quickly in response to a project manager or owner perceiving that a project is failing, near failure, or a least that the owning organization is loosing value from either poor process or poor organizational choices of tools and development methods. It describes how using a balanced project practice portfolio to integrate agile and formal process methodologies can theoretically reduce the observed variance in project productivity caused by poorly applied or poorly selected best practices. Finally, it proposes a methodology that uses expected practice performance and combinations of practices to; identify missing practices, off-set poorly applied practices, and assess the quantity and types of practices required to smooth and optimize project performance outcomes.
Noninvasive Imaging beyond the Diffraction Limit of 3D Dynamics in Thickly Fluorescent Specimens

Optical imaging of the dynamics of living specimens involves tradeoffs between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and phototoxicity, made more difficult in three dimensions. Here, however, we report that rapid three-dimensional (3D) dynamics can be studied beyond the diffraction limit in thick or densely fluorescent living specimens over many time points by combining ultrathin planar illumination produced by scanned Bessel beams with super-resolution structured illumination microscopy. We demonstrate in vivo karyotyping of chromosomes during mitosis and identify different dynamics for the actin cytoskeleton at the dorsal and ventral surfaces of fibroblasts. Compared to spinning disk confocal microscopy, we demonstrate substantially reduced photodamage when imaging rapid morphological changes in D. discoideum cells, as well as improved contrast and resolution at depth within developing C. elegans embryos. Bessel beam structured plane illumination thus promises new insights into complex biological phenomena that require 4D subcellular spatiotemporal detail in either a single or multicellular context.
Nonoperative therapies for combined modality treatment of hepatocellular cancer: expert consensus statement

Although surgical resection and liver transplantation are the only treatment modalities that enable prolonged survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the majority of HCC patients presents with advanced disease and do not undergo resective or ablative therapy. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is indicated in intermediate/advanced stage unresectable HCC even in the setting of portal vein involvement (excluding main portal vein). Sorafenib has been shown to improve survival of patients with advanced HCC in two controlled randomized trials. Yttrium 90 is a safe microembolization treatment that can be used as an alternative to TACE in patients with advanced liver only disease or in case of portal vein thrombosis. External beam radiation can be helpful to provide local control in selected unresectable HCC. These different treatment modalities may be combined in the treatment strategy of HCC and also used as a bridge to resection or liver transplantation. Patients should undergo formal multidisciplinary evaluation prior to initiating any such treatment in order to individualize the best available options.
Detecting and Tracking Community Dynamics in Evolutionary Networks

Community structure or clustering is ubiquitous in many evolutionary networks including social networks, biological networks and financial market networks. Detecting and tracking community deviations in evolutionary networks can uncover important and interesting behaviors that are latent if we ignore the dynamic information. In biological networks, for example, a small variation in a gene community may indicate an event, such as gene fusion, gene fission, or gene decay. In contrast to the previous work on detecting communities in static graphs or tracking conserved communities in time-varying graphs, this paper first introduces the concept of community dynamics, and then shows that the baseline approach by enumerating all communities in each graph and comparing all pairs of communities between consecutive graphs is infeasible and impractical. We propose an efficient method for detecting and tracking community dynamics in evolutionary networks by introducing graph representatives and community representatives to avoid generating redundant communities and limit the search space. We measure the performance of the representative-based algorithm by comparison to the baseline algorithm on synthetic networks, and our experiments show that our algorithm achieves a runtime speedup of 11â€“46. The method has also been applied to two real-world evolutionary networks including Food Web and Enron Email. Significant and informative community dynamics have been detected in both cases.
Structure theorem for tournaments omitting N 5

A finite tournament T is tight if the class of finite tournaments omitting T is well-quasi-ordered. We show here that a certain tournament N5 on five vertices is tight. This is one of the main steps in an exact classification of the tight tournaments, as explained in [10]; the third and final step is carried out in [11]. The proof involves an encoding of the indecomposable tournaments omitting N5 by a finite alphabet, followed by an application of Kruskal's Tree Theorem. This problem arises in model theory and in computational complexity in a more general form, which remains open: the problem is to give an effective criterion for a finite set {T1,…,Tk} of finite tournaments to be tight in the sense that the class of all finite tournaments omitting each of T1,…,Tk is well-quasi-ordered. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 42: 165192, 2003
Combination of ground-based instruments for remote sensing of tropospheric water vapor

Two techniques were developed to measure water vapor and cloud liquid water by combined ground-based sensors. One technique retrieves water vapor and cloud liquid profiles from a microwave radiometer, a ceilometer, a Radio Acoustic Sounding System and surface in situ sensors. The other technique extends profiles of water vapor measured by a Raman lidar to altitudes above its last range gate. This technique augments Raman lidar data with those from a microwave radiometer and surface in situ sensors. Both techniques are evaluated using experimental data.
Discrete Kalman filtering using a generalized companion form

For an n th-order constant system with p outputs, this short paper shows that the Kalman filter gain can be described by np -p(p - 1)/ 2 difference equations instead of the usual n(n + 1)/2 difference equations. This is the minimum number of difference equations required for the solution of the Kalman filter gain. For the special case of stationary processes, this short paper further shows that only np-p(p - 1)/2 combinations of the system noise covariance enter into determination of the Kalman filter gain. The results have application in filtering and in the quadratic regulator problems.
Making the most of common impact metrics: promising approaches that need further study

There is considerable value in exploring whether and how a limited set of common health metrics, such as the ones presented in this supplement, can produce valid and reliable estimates of impact for global health and family planning. Through a shared vocabulary of transparent data elements drawn from routine service statistics, population-level measures, and measures of proven effect from rigorous trials, such metrics could provide a view of collective impact sufficient to reliably explore scenarios, set priorities, and inform action. This volume represents an important step in the right direction. The remainder of our commentary argues the case for continued work toward valid, common impact metrics and some other ways in which common metrics can contribute to our work. Specifically: more cost-efficient monitoring; better collective decision making; transparency and alignment; and enhanced accountability. Although we are enthusiastic about this line of scientific work and support the approach to planning, assessment, and performance management reflected in the papers here, there are some important caveats. While keeping the promise of modeled estimates in view, we believe more research into the validity and potential sources of bias and uncertainty in modeled impacts, and in the underlying source data, is required.
Development and Initial Validation of the Pain Resilience Scale

Abstract Over the past decade, the role of positive psychology in pain experience has gained increasing attention. One such positive factor, identified as resilience, has been defined as the ability to maintain positive emotional and physical functioning despite physical or psychological adversity. Although cross-situational measures of resilience have been shown to be related to pain, it was hypothesized that a pain-specific resilience measure would serve as a stronger predictor of acute pain experience. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a series of studies to develop and validate the Pain Resilience Scale. Study 1 described exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses that support a scale with 2 distinct factors, Cognitive/Affective Positivity and Behavioral Perseverance. Study 2 showed test-retest reliability and construct validity of this new scale, including moderate positive relationships with measures of positive psychological functioning and small to moderate negative relationships with vulnerability measures such as pain catastrophizing. Finally, consistent with our initial hypothesis, study 3 showed that the Pain Resilience Scale is more strongly related to ischemic pain responses than existing measures of general resilience. Together, these studies support the predictive utility of this new pain-specific measure of resilience in the context of acute experimental pain. Perspective The Pain Resilience Scale represents a novel measure of Cognitive/Affective Positivity and Behavioral Perseverance during exposure to noxious stimuli. Construct validity is supported by expected relationships with existing pain-coping measures, and predictive validity is shown by individual differences in response to acute experimental pain.
Feature Selection for Highly Skewed Sentiment Analysis Tasks

Sentiment analysis generally uses large feature sets based on a bag-of-words approach, which results in a situation where individual features are not very informative. In addition, many data sets tend to be heavily skewed. We approach this combination of challenges by investigating feature selection in order to reduce the large number of features to those that are discriminative. We examine the performance of five feature selection methods on two sentiment analysis data sets from different domains, each with different ratios of class imbalance. Our finding shows that feature selection is capable of improving the classification accuracy only in balanced or slightly skewed situations. However, it is difficult to mitigate high skewing ratios. We also conclude that there does not exist a single method that performs best across data sets and skewing ratios. However we found that TF IDF2 can help in identifying the minority class even in highly imbalanced cases.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate fabricated via nanomasking technique for biological sensor applications

The nanomasking fabrication technique has been shown to be capable of producing many sub-10 nm gaps between metallic structures over a wafer-scale area. This provides the opportunity to utilize the technique in spectroscopy signal enhancement applications. Here we describe a device designed via nanomasking that holds potential as a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate for biosensing or other applications. The high density of plasmonic hotspot nanogaps improves the feasibility of these types of patterns for signal enhancement, as it provides ease of use and increased speed of sample deposition for taking spectrum. The ability to fabricate these patterns with high repeatability at mass production scale is another benefit of nanomasking-fabricated spectroscopy substrates. This work demonstrates tests of fabricated devices for use in a custom Raman spectroscopy system as a potential source of signal enhancement. Also, theoretical enhancement results are calculated for comparison via computational electromagnetic studies.
Applying the J-optimal channelized quadratic observer to SPECT myocardial perfusion defect detection

To evaluate performance on a perfusion defect detection task from 540 image pairs of myocardial perfusion SPECT image data we apply the J-optimal channelized quadratic observer (J-CQO). We compare AUC values of the linear Hotelling observer and J-CQO when the defect location is fixed and when it occurs in one of two locations. As expected, when the location is fixed a single channels maximizes AUC; location variability requires multiple channels to maximize the AUC. The AUC is estimated from both the projection data and reconstructed images. J-CQO is quadratic since it uses the first- and second- order statistics of the image data from both classes. The linear data reduction by the channels is described by an L x M channel matrix and in prior work we introduced an iterative gradient-based method for calculating the channel matrix. The dimensionality reduction from M measurements to L channels yields better estimates of these sample statistics from smaller sample sizes, and since the channelized covariance matrix is L x L instead of M x M , the matrix inverse is easier to compute. The novelty of our approach is the use of Jeffrey’s divergence (J) as the figure of merit (FOM) for optimizing the channel matrix. We previously showed that the J-optimal channels are also the optimum channels for the AUC and the Bhattacharyya distance when the channel outputs are Gaussian distributed with equal means. This work evaluates the use of J as a surrogate FOM (SFOM) for AUC when these statistical conditions are not satisfied.
Reliability of systems subject to competing failure propagation and probabilistic failure isolation

ABSTRACTMany real-world systems exhibit probabilistic functional dependence behaviour, where operations of some system components (dependent components) depend on function of another component (trigger component) in a probabilistic manner. A trigger component failure may cause two-fold effects. On one hand, if it occurs first, the corresponding dependent components may be isolated with certain probabilities, and such isolation effects can prevent system function from being compromised by further failures of those dependent components. On the other hand, if any of the dependent components experiences a propagated failure that occurs before the trigger component failure, the entire system can fail due to the propagation effect. This paper models such competitions between probabilistic failure isolation and failure propagation effects in reliability analysis of non-repairable systems through a combinatorial methodology. As demonstrated through examples, the method is applicable to arbitrary component time-to...
Quality control of saniatry emergency inspection

Objective:Analyzing and offering advice for supervision and control of sanitary emergency inspections.Methods:Analyzing factors of sanitary emergencies and bringing up some personal suggestions and solutions in accordance with their features as well as my working environment.Results:Sanitary emergencies are of suddenness,variety and emergence,which require high-standard sanitation inspections.Laboratory facilities,epidemiology survey and inspection levels,sampling,transfer and conservation,approximate methods,and inspection process all play significant parts in test results.Conclusion:To promote efficiency in dealing with sanitary emergencies,it is essential to enhance personnel training and drilling for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and to promote technology standard as well as quality control among the whole course from site epidemiology survey and sampling to consequence report.
Recurrence of midgut volvulus after a Ladd procedure.

A 2-day-old, full-term female presented for evaluation of recent-onset bilious emesis. Upper gastrointestinal imaging showed twisting in the second and third portions of the duodenum with the fourth portion of the duodenum and the jejunum to the right of midline consistent with malrotation of the small bowel. Lack of contrast beyond the proximal jejunum was concerning for volvulus (Fig. 1). Emergent laparotomy confirmed intestinal malrotation with complete volvulus of the midgut in a 360° turn. Derotation was performed in a counterclockwise fashion, restoring blood flow and venous return to the small bowel. Appendectomy and division of Ladd's bands covering the cecum and jejunum were performed. The intestines were found to be viable. The colon was returned to the left side of the abdomen with the cecum placed in the left upper quadrant, and the small bowel was returned to the right side. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful and she was initiated on oral feeds on postoperative Day 3. She was discharged to home once she was tolerating full feeds.
ACTION IS THE FOUNDATIONAL KEY TO ALL SUCCESS

Abbreviations: CMS = Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease H2H = Hospital-to-Home HF = heart failure HRRP = Hospital Re-admissions Reduction Program
A Method for In Vitro TCPC Compliance Verification

The Fontan procedure is a common palliative intervention for sufferers of single ventricle congenital heart defects that results in an anastomosis of the venous return to the pulmonary arteries called the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). Local TCPC and global Fontan circulation hemodynamics are studied with in vitro circulatory models because of hemodynamic ties to Fontan patient long-term complications. The majority of in vitro studies, to date, employ a rigid TCPC model. Recently, a few studies have incorporated flexible TCPC models, but provide no justification for the model material properties. The method set forth in this study successfully utilizes patient-specific flow and pressure data from phase contrast magnetic resonance images (PCMRI) (n = 1) and retrospective pulse-pressure data from an age-matched patient cohort (n = 10) to verify the compliance of an in vitro TCPC model. These data were analyzed, and the target compliance was determined as 1.36 ± 0.78 mL/mm Hg. A method of in vitro compliance testing and computational simulations was employed to determine the in vitro flexible TCPC model material properties and then use those material properties to estimate the wall thickness necessary to match the patient-specific target compliance. The resulting in vitro TCPC model compliance was 1.37 ± 0.1 mL/mm Hg-a value within 1% of the patient-specific compliance. The presented method is useful to verify in vitro model accuracy of patient-specific TCPC compliance and thus improve patient-specific hemodynamic modeling.
Plasticity-Related Gene Expression During Eszopiclone-Induced Sleep.

Study objectives Experimental evidence suggests that restorative processes depend on synaptic plasticity changes in the brain during sleep. We used the expression of plasticity-related genes to assess synaptic plasticity changes during drug-induced sleep. Methods We first characterized sleep induced by eszopiclone in mice during baseline conditions and during the recovery from sleep deprivation. We then compared the expression of 18 genes and two miRNAs critically involved in synaptic plasticity in these mice. Gene expression was assessed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus by the TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and correlated with sleep parameters. Results Eszopiclone reduced the latency to nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and increased NREM sleep amounts. Eszopiclone had no effect on slow wave activity (SWA) during baseline conditions but reduced the SWA increase during recovery sleep (RS) after sleep deprivation. Gene expression analyses revealed three distinct patterns: (1) four genes had higher expression either in the cortex or hippocampus in the group of mice with increased amounts of wakefulness; (2) a large proportion of plasticity-related genes (7 out of 18 genes) had higher expression during RS in the cortex but not in the hippocampus; and (3) six genes and the two miRNAs showed no significant changes across conditions. Even at a relatively high dose (20 mg/kg), eszopiclone did not reduce the expression of plasticity-related genes during RS period in the cortex. Conclusions These results indicate that gene expression associated with synaptic plasticity occurs in the cortex in the presence of a hypnotic medication.
Did the Demand for Crestor Shrink when Lipitor’s Patent Expired?

This paper uses micro-level data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to investigate whether, following the expiration of Lipitor’s patent, demand for Crestor shrank. The topic holds important policy implications owing to rapidly growing drug spending, because aggregate drug spending could potentially be reduced if insurers introduced incentives that encouraged patients to switch away from name-brand drugs, like Crestor, toward cheaper generic competitors. This paper produces several findings. The expiration of Lipitor’s patent does not appear to have significantly affected the overall market for Crestor. However, patients enrolled in private insurance do appear to have reduced Crestor usage by about 13%. Medicaid patients who used Crestor prior to the change in Lipitor’s patent status also appear to have reduced their Crestor usage by a relatively sizable amount. Finally, the expiration of Lipitor’s patent appears to have resulted in an 18% increase in the strength of a typical Crestor pill, which might be interpreted as a de facto price decrease for Crestor.
Global Citizenship Education: Emancipatory Practice in a New York Preschool

By the time many preschool-age African American children enter preschool, they have already been exposed to indicators that inform them of their “place” and their “worth” in the communities they fr...
Probing He bubbles in naturally aged and annealed δ-Pu alloys using ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering

Abstract The self-irradiation of Pu alloys generates He that is trapped within the metal matrix in the form of He bubbles. The distribution of these He bubbles in δ-phase Pu-Ga alloys exhibits a peak near a radius of 0.7 nm, and this size is remarkably stable as function of time. When annealed, the He bubbles in δ-Pu alloys grow, coarsening the distribution. However, the magnitude of this coarsening is uncertain, as different experimental methods reveal bubbles that differ by at least one order of magnitude. Small-angle x-ray scattering results, which can probe a wide range of bubble sizes, imply only a mild coarsening of the He bubble distribution for an annealing treatment of 425 ∘C for 24 h, and analysis of the He bubble content suggests that He is actually lost from the bubbles with annealing.
Multiple Positionality: A Challenge for West African Urbanists

Koenig focuses on urban specialists in three West African cities: Dakar, Bamako and Ouagadougou. Urbanists are members of a bureaucratic class and citizen-residents of the cities they plan, run and criticize. Koenig draws on interviews with urbanists in the three cities and participant observation in Bamako to show that urban specialists follow at least three different logics: the logic of planners; the logic of economic and political realism; and the logic of urban citizenship. As planners, they attempt to put their own imprint on the city based on their technocratic understanding of city systems. As realists, they position themselves as members of developing countries with limited resources and subject to corrupt practices. As residents, they act like their non-urbanist co-citizens, sometimes in ways counter to what they believe as rational planners. Koenig concludes that this multiple positionality reflects the contradictions and the political-economic stresses of rapid urban growth.
The Finite Element Immersed Boundary Method for the Numerical Simulation of the Motion of Red Blood Cells in Microfluidic Flows

We study the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of the motion of red blood cells (RBCs) subject to an external incompressible flow in a microchannel. RBCs are viscoelastic bodies consisting of a deformable elastic membrane enclosing an incompressible fluid. We study two versions of the Finite Element Immersed Boundary Method (FE-IB), a semi-explicit scheme that requires a CFL-type stability condition and a fully implicit scheme that is unconditionally stable and numerically realized by a predictor-corrector continuation strategy featuring an adaptive choice of the time step sizes. The performance of the two schemes is illustrated by numerical simulations for various scenarios including the tank treading motion in microchannels and the motion through thin capillaries.
On “provable” analogs of and

It is shown that the addition of “provability” requirements to the definitions of and does not seem to simplify the = question.
COVARIANT DIFFERENTIATION AND THE STRESS EQUATIONS OF MOTION

Most of the tensor operations have one-point operations whose coordinate representations do not involve differentiation or integration with respect to coordinates. This chapter discusses operations involving differentiation with respect to coordinates. The analysis is developed in three stages: (1) operations with general tensors, not requiring covariant derivatives; (2) covariant differentiation in a Euclidean manifold; and (3) covariant differentiation in an affinely connected Riemannian manifold. For general vector and tensor fields, it is necessary to select combinations of derivatives and other terms in such a way that the unwanted second derivatives do not appear in the final transformation equations. The chapter presents a method based on the curvature of a surface in a three-dimensional Euclidean manifold to derive formulas for the principal radii of curvature in a form convenient for use with the stress equations of motion.
A Case of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in Pregnancy

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is an obstetric emergency. Management of acute psychosis in a pregnant patient remains complicated with limited therapeutic options due to teratogenic effects. We report a case in which a patient's antipsychotic regimen during a viable pregnancy subsequently led to NMS, and discuss our chosen management for treating NMS.
Implications of Misclassification of Type 2 Myocardial Infarction on Clinical Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (MI) are often classified under the diagnosis of non-ST-segment-elevation MI (NSTEMI) despite the significant differences in clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes between type 2 MI and type 1 NSTEMI. This may have significant implications that can lead to inaccurate assessment of quality measures by MI quality review programs. METHODS A single-center retrospective study of 1224 patients discharged with the diagnosis of type 1 NSTEMI between January 2015 and September 2017. Based on the third universal definition of MI, we stratified patients into type 2 MI or type 1 NSTEMI. Patient's characteristics, comorbidities, medications prescribed during hospitalization and at discharge, readmissions within 30 days after discharge, and diagnostic and therapeutic interventions data was collected. The primary goal of this study was to identify how often type 2 MI patients were misclassified as type 1 NSTEMI, we also assessed the differences in treatment and outcomes between type 2 MI and type 1 NSTEMI. RESULTS 1224 patients assigned the ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes of type 1 NSTEMI at discharge were evaluated for study inclusion. After application of the inclusion criteria, 945 patients were included in the final analysis. Of these 945 patients, 281 (29.7%) patients were classified as type 2 MI and 664 (70.3%) patients were classified as type 1 NSTEMI. Patients with type 2 MI were older, more likely to have systolic heart failure, had lower peak troponin levels, were less likely to receive aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors and statin at discharge, and had longer length of stay. Compared with type 1 NSTEMI patients, those with type 2 MI had higher all cause 30-day mortality (13.5% versus 2.9%, P < 0.0001) (RR: 4.65; 95% CI, 2.85-9.65). After adjusting for patient demographics, comorbidities, and medications, patients with type 2 MI were still more likely to die within 30 days after discharge (RR: 2.89; 95% CI, 1.58-7.46). In addition, patients with type 2 MI were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days after discharge than patients with type 1 NSTEMI (17.7% versus 13.9%, P < 0.01) (RR: 1.27; 95% CI, 1.08-2.5). CONCLUSIONS Close to one third of patients given the diagnosis of type 1 NSTEMI at discharge at our institution were type 2 MI patients. Patients with type 2 MI are managed differently from type 1 NSTEMI patients and have higher 30-day mortality and readmission rate. Misclassification of type 2 MI as type 1 NSTEMI can have a significant impact on hospitals MI clinical performance and quality measures.
Controls of CO2–N2 gas flood ratios on enhanced shale gas recovery and ultimate CO2 sequestration

Abstract Primary production of less than 25% of original gas in place (OGIP) may be elevated by enhanced shale gas recovery (ESGR) using either pure CO2 or N2 as injected stimulants. Alternatively, injecting mixtures of CO2 and N2 may potentially optimize recovery of natural gas and beneficially sequester CO2. We develop a dual-porosity, dual-permeability finite element (FEM) model coupled with multi-component gas flow and sorption behavior to 1) explore the evolution of sorption-induced strain resulting from competitive adsorption and its influence on the matrix and fracture permeability; 2) define cumulative production of CH4 and 3) evaluate the amount of CO2 sequestered in the reservoir; Results show that pure-CO2 injection can increase shale gas recovery by ∼20%. Conversely, pure-N2 injection can increase shale gas recovery by ∼80%. Injecting mixtures of CO2 and N2 can increase shale gas recovery between these end-member magnitudes of ∼20%–∼80% depending on the gas composition. We show that a higher proportion of CO2 in the injected CO2–N2 mixture will result in the decreased recovery of shale gas. However, at the same injection pressure, injecting CO2–N2 mixtures with a higher proportion of CO2 does not always result in more CO2 sequestered in the reservoir. Indeed, when the CO2 injection ratio is >70%, as explored in this study, increasing the CO2 injection ratio will result in less CO2 sequestered. This is because, as the CO2–N2 gas ratio increases, shale gas recovery decreases and results in more CH4 left in the reservoir to compete with CO2 for sorption sites and finally resulting in less CO2 sequestered.
A stereotaxic platform for small animals based on 3D computer vision and robotics

Neuroscience behavioral animal studies often require injecting DNA material or fluorescent dyes into specific brain regions within the animal’s skull. Currently, these types of injections or surgical procedures are done manually by skilled researchers using mechanically based stereotaxic platforms. However, alignment can be very time-consuming and prone to error due to the small size of brain targets.Here we propose to develop a next generation stereotaxic platform for small animals by combining a three-dimensional (3D) computer vision sub-system and a full six degree-of-freedom (6DOF) robotic platform to improve spatial accuracy and surgical speed. With this approach, a video projector projects a series of structured illumination patterns onto an animal skull. Two video cameras are then used to capture two-dimensional (2D) images of the skull and the captured 2D images are processed to reconstruct an accurate 3D skull profile based on geometrical triangulation. Using the reconstructed 3D skull profile, the skull can be guided and repositioned using a 6DOF robotic platform to precisely and accurately align a surgical tool with the intention of reaching a specific brain target. This new stereotaxic system may improve accuracy and speed of small-scale brain surgeries for neuroscience studies.
Elephants that help humans

In Giants of the Monsoon Forest, Jacob Shell examines the dual world inhabited by a group of elephants in the "Trans-Patkai" region of Asia, an area that spans remote parts of Burma and India and is one of the last densely forested areas on Earth. Part of the human world by day, these elephants, who are captured or bred in captivity and trained to work with human handlers known as "mahouts," are released into the forest at night, an arrangement that facilitates both freedom and frustration for the elephants and raises important questions about human dominance and the conservation of species.
Influence of Lumbar Stenosis Surgery on Sacroiliac Joint Pain-Long-Term Results.

Objective To investigate whether sacroiliac join (SIJ) pain can be secondary to walking with a flexed posture resulting from stenosis with neurogenic claudication, and resolves spontaneously after lumbar decompression. Methods A review of charts from January 1, 2014, through March 3, 2019, was performed to identify consecutive cases of adults 35 years of age or older with surgical spinal stenosis with neurogenic claudication as well as concomitant severe SIJ pain. Posture was considered flexed during walking if self-reported, confirmed by a close companion, or observed directly. SIJ pain was diagnosed clinically ± confirmatory injection. A 10-point visual analog scale was used to assess SIJ pain. The primary endpoint was SIJ pain improvement at a minimum of 24 months' follow-up. SIJ pain improvement at 3 months was used to assess the rate of improvement as a secondary endpoint. Results Ten patients (3 female) met entry criteria: 4 were treated with decompression alone; 6 with decompression and spinal fusion. Mean SIJ visual analog scale pain score improved by 6.9 ± 2.4 (8.7 ± 1.6–1.8 ± 2.2; P Conclusions Sacroiliac joint pain shows robust, rapid, reliable, and durable improvement following lumbar decompressive surgery. The addition of a spinal fusion also leads to a similar improvement in SIJ pain. This study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the specific source of low back pain in patients with stenosis, claudication, and SIJ pain so as to more effectively plan appropriate surgery.
Protective effects of phenelzine administration on synaptic and non-synaptic cortical mitochondrial function and lipid peroxidation-mediated oxidative damage following TBI in young adult male rats.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of lipid peroxidation (LP). Lipid peroxidation-derived neurotoxic aldehydes such as 4-HNE and acrolein bind to mitochondrial proteins, inducing additional oxidative damage and further exacerbating mitochondrial dysfunction and LP. Mitochondria are heterogeneous, consisting of both synaptic and non-synaptic populations, with synaptic mitochondria being more vulnerable to injury-dependent consequences. The goal of these studies was to explore the hypothesis that interrupting secondary oxidative damage following TBI using phenelzine (PZ), an aldehyde scavenger, would preferentially protect synaptic mitochondria against LP-mediated damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received a severe (2.2 mm) controlled cortical impact (CCI)-TBI. PZ (3–30 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously (subQ) at different times post-injury. We found PZ treatment preserves both synaptic and non-synaptic mitochondrial bioenergetics at 24 h and that this protection is partially maintained out to 72 h post-injury using various dosing regimens. The results from these studies indicate that the therapeutic window for the first dose of PZ is likely within the first hour after injury, and the window for administration of the second dose seems to fall between 12 and 24 h. Administration of PZ was able to significantly improve mitochondrial respiration compared to vehicle-treated animals across various states of respiration for both the non-synaptic and synaptic mitochondria. The synaptic mitochondria appear to respond more robustly to PZ treatment than the non-synaptic, and further experimentation will need to be done to further understand these effects in the context of TBI.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with neurologic sequelae refractory to conservative therapy with complete response to adjuvant therapy.

Abstract Background Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis has been described in increasing frequency in association with benign, mature ovarian teratoma. Affected patients typically present with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with flu-like symptoms followed by altered mental status, acute psychiatric symptoms, seizures and amnesia. These symptoms can rapidly progressive if not treated aggressively with surgical resection. Profound neurological symptoms may require immunotherapy. Case We present a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with a malignant immature teratoma in which symptoms were refractory to surgical management and initial immunotherapy. A complete neurologic response was only seen after initiating adjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis has rarely been described with immature ovarian teratomas. In these cases, a complete response may not be observed until systemic chemotherapy is started.
Who is Victimized by Fraud? Evidence from Consumer Protection Cases

This paper examines how fraud victimization varies across communities using data on victims from 23 consumer protection law enforcement actions. These cases span several different types of fraudulent activity, including payday loan, student debt relief, health care, and business opportunity scams, providing evidence on how demographics vary across types of fraud. For these cases, victim rates are higher in more heavily black, higher income, older, and more urban communities and are lower in more heavily Hispanic, higher household size, higher credit score, and more college-educated communities.
Red Desaturation Prevalence and Severity in Healthy Patients

Abstract Objective: To determine the percentage of the healthy population that responds asymmetrically to the red desaturation test, and to approximate the degree of red desaturation in those individuals. We also sought to elucidate any correlation between demographic variables and red desaturation prevalence and severity. Methods: Adults aged 18 and older with a normal eye exam, including confrontation fields and best-corrected visual acuity of ≥ 20/25 OU, were eligible for this prevalence study. Those with objective or subjective afferent visual dysfunction were excluded. A total of 101 eligible participants (31.7% male; 77.2% white race; mean (SD) age: 41.5 (15.3) years) were queried whether monocular perception of redness of a standardized tropicamide bottle cap was the same and to estimate the interocular percentage difference, with one eye perceiving the bottle cap at “100% redness.” Results: Twenty-four participants (23.8%) experienced some degree of red desaturation. For these individuals with red desaturation, the average interocular difference was 9.0% (range 2-25%, 95% CI: 6.0-12.0%). There was no statistical evidence for a relationship between red desaturation and race, sex, or age. Conclusion: This study shows that nearly a quarter of healthy patients without apparent optic nerve or macular dysfunction may recognize red desaturation. This deserves consideration when interpreting red desaturation testing in patients suspected to have unilateral optic neuropathy. Further research with larger sample sizes may identify predictors of red desaturation in healthy patients, establish the red desaturation threshold separating pathologic from physiologic phenomena, and assess the repeatability of red desaturation over time in affected individuals.
Degree modifiers and common ground operators: The case of at all

At all is among the most common negative polarity items in English. In this paper, I argue that at all has a dual use as a degree modifier and operator on the common ground. I first present an account of degree modifier at all based on Chierchia 2013 that captures its status as a minimizer as well as an NPI. I then show that a very similar account can be used for at all 's common ground usage, departing from the usual quantification over worlds approach for common ground management. This degree-based account of common ground at all captures its status as an NPI and provides a possible shared semantic core between degree modifiers and common ground operators.
Fast Beam Training With True-Time-Delay Arrays in Wideband Millimeter-Wave Systems

The best beam steering directions are estimated through beam training, which is one of the most important and challenging tasks in millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz communications. Novel array architectures and signal processing techniques are required to avoid prohibitive beam training overhead associated with large antenna arrays and narrow beams. In this work, we leverage recent developments in true-time-delay (TTD) arrays with large delay-bandwidth products to accelerate beam training using frequency-dependent probing beams. We propose and study two TTD architecture candidates, including analog and hybrid analog-digital arrays, that can facilitate beam training with only one wideband pilot. We also propose a suitable algorithm that requires a single pilot to achieve high-accuracy estimation of angle of arrival. The proposed array architectures are compared in terms of beam training requirements and performance, robustness to practical hardware impairments, and power consumption. The findings suggest that the analog and hybrid TTD arrays achieve a sub-degree beam alignment precision with 66% and 25% lower power consumption than a fully digital array, respectively. Our results yield important design trade-offs among the basic system parameters, power consumption, and accuracy of angle of arrival estimation in fast TTD beam training.
The Long and Winding Road

There are many quotes or song titles that can explain my professional journey, but the one that has always stood out to me is “The Long and Winding Road” by The Beatles (Lennon and McCartney 1970, track 6). When people ask me about how I got to where I am now and what I am doing this song title has always been my response. When I was in school I, similar to many high schoolers, didn’t know what I wanted to do with my life. I plodded my way through high school thinking I might do something in the medical field. I discovered after my first semester in college that a career in the medical field was not my path and all I had to show for it was a low GPA. My brother stepped in at that point and recommended I take a basic theater class as a way of boosting my GPA back up and so I followed his recommendation. Little did I know that this class would open my first door of opportunity and put me on the path that my career would take. I made the choice to go through that door and pursued a double major in theatre and interior design.