cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Connected Motherhood: Social Support for Moms and Moms-to-Be on Facebook.

Abstract Background: Research addressing online social support, especially for new mothers, has typically focused on forums and dedicated Web sites, and not on social networking sites like Facebook. Here we expand on this existing body of work by addressing a Facebook page, Ask the Chicks, themed around questions and answers related to motherhood. Using the uses and gratification lens, we explore motivations for participation as they relate to engagement with the page. Materials and Methods: Individuals were recruited to participant in an online survey through posts on the Ask the Chicks Facebook page made by the page owner over a 1-week period. To be eligible to complete the survey, participants had to be 18 years old or older, female, and pregnant or have at least one child under the age of 5 years. Results: Analyses of survey data collected from users of the page (n=647) revealed that engagement has a positive relationship with the motives of relaxing entertainment, expressive information sharing, soci...
Use of Standard Neutrophilic Reference Values for Prediction of Sepsis in ≤800 Gram Birth Weight Infants

The neutrophilic reference limits developed by Manroe et al. (J Pediatr 95:89-98, 1979) have been widely utilized in the evaluation of neonates with possible bacterial infection. To assess the utility of these limits in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants we reviewed data from 124 infants with birth weights ≤800 g. Neutrophil values from non-infected infants were outside of reference limits for 71% of total neutrophil counts, 47% of immature neutrophil counts, and 75% of immature to total neutrophil ratios. Neutrophil values from infected infants did not differ from those of non-infected infants. The majority of ELBW infants in the first 24 hours of life have neutrophil values outside of published normal values and thereby suggestive of infection. Neutrophilic values alone should not be used as a guide for treatment decisions.
Preserved learning of novel information in amnesia: evidence for multiple memory systems.

Abstract Four of five patients with marked global amnesia, and others with new learning impairments, showed normal processing facilitation for novel stimuli (nonwords) and/or for familiar stimuli (words) on a word/nonword (lexical) decision task. The data are interpreted as a reflection of the learning capabilities of in-line neural processing stages with multiple, distinct, informational codes. These inline learning processes are separate from the recognition/recall memory impaired by amygdalohippocampal/dosomedial thalamic damage, but probably supplement such memory in some tasks in normal individuals. Preserved learning of novel information seems incompatible with explanations of spared learning in amnesia that are based on the episodic/semantic or memory/habit distinctions, but is consistent with the procedural/declarative hypothesis.
Optimal file allocation in multi-level storage systems

Storage is an important and expensive component of a computer system. Many types of storage such as semi-conductor, magnetic core, bulk core, disk, drum, tape, etc. are available today, each having different cost and physical attributes (e.g., access time). To be economical, the storage system of a modern computer generally consists of several different types of storage devices. Such an assemblage is called a multi-level storage system (or a storage hierarchy system).
Exploring How Research Experiences For Teachers Changes Their Understandings Of The Nature Of Science And Scientific Inquiry

The nature of science is a prevalent theme across United States national science education standards and frameworks as well as other documents that guide formal and informal science education reform. To support teachers in engaging their students in authentic scientific practices and reformed teaching strategies, research experiences for teachers offered in national laboratories, university research centers, and national field-sites promise opportunities to help teachers update their current understanding of STEM fields and experience firsthand how scientific research is conducted with the end goal of supporting more inquiry-based teaching approaches in their classrooms. This qualitative interpretive study used an adapted Views of Nature of Science and Views on Scientific Inquiry surveys and protocols to investigate changes in 43 practicing teachers understandings about the nature of science and scientific inquiry as a result of participation in one of three summer science research programs. Each program provided participants with research experiences alongside professional researchers as well as activities intended to increase participants abilities to provide inquiry-based science learning activities for their students. Data were collected using open-ended surveys pre-program, post-program and long-term follow-up surveys, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, along with researchers observations and field-notes. Participation in these programs led to small, measurable enhancements in teachers understandings of scientific inquiry and the nature of science. Teachers prior experience with research was found to have the strongest relationship to their knowledge of the nature of science and scientific inquiry. The data in this study provides evidence that research experiences can provide valuable experiences to support teachers improved knowledge of how science is conducted.
Fat segmentation on chest CT images via fuzzy models

Quantification of fat throughout the body is vital for the study of many diseases. In the thorax, it is important for lung transplant candidates since obesity and being underweight are contraindications to lung transplantation given their associations with increased mortality. Common approaches for thoracic fat segmentation are all interactive in nature, requiring significant manual effort to draw the interfaces between fat and muscle with low efficiency and questionable repeatability. The goal of this paper is to explore a practical way for the segmentation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) components of chest fat based on a recently developed body-wide automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) methodology. The AAR approach involves 3 main steps: building a fuzzy anatomy model of the body region involving all its major representative objects, recognizing objects in any given test image, and delineating the objects. We made several modifications to these steps to develop an effective solution to delineate SAT/VAT components of fat. Two new objects representing interfaces of SAT and VAT regions with other tissues, SatIn and VatIn are defined, rather than using directly the SAT and VAT components as objects for constructing the models. A hierarchical arrangement of these new and other reference objects is built to facilitate their recognition in the hierarchical order. Subsequently, accurate delineations of the SAT/VAT components are derived from these objects. Unenhanced CT images from 40 lung transplant candidates were utilized in experimentally evaluating this new strategy. Mean object location error achieved was about 2 voxels and delineation error in terms of false positive and false negative volume fractions were, respectively, 0.07 and 0.1 for SAT and 0.04 and 0.2 for VAT.
Sensing Voice: Materiality and the Lived Body in Singing and Listening

Through a consideration of the underwater singing practiced by contemporary American soprano and performance artist Juliana Snapper, this article addresses the inherent relation between materiality and the voice, the sensed and the embodied. I focus on the physical and sensory properties of singers' and listeners' bodies; the space within and the matter through which sound disperses; and how the relation between these aspects plays an integral part in what it feels like to sing, and what it is possible to hear. I aim to demonstrate that a sensory reading of singing and listening may capture dimensions of the voice that are difficult, if not impossible, to account for using conventional analyses of music or standard readings of vocal repertoire. However, a sensory approach to sound does not offer a stable explanation of what sound or music is. Instead each such account unveils a composite manifestation of our understanding of sound at a given moment in time and space.
A Family-Based, Culturally Tailored Diabetes Intervention for Hispanics and Their Family Members

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to test efficacy of a family-based, culturally tailored intervention for Hispanics with type 2 diabetes and their family members.MethodsHispanic patients with t...
Effect of whole body x-irradiation on a natural inhibitor of carboxypeptidase.

SummaryWhole body x-irradiation of mice, rats, and rabbits at the LD50 range increases the activity of certain tissue cathepsins. Liver, kidney, and intestine were the tissues tested, and it was found that one of 3 liver cathepsins, 2 of the same 3 cathepsins in kidney, and 2 of the 3 in intestine were increased in activity by the radiation. This appears due, at least in the case of rat kidney carboxypeptidase, to the destruction by the x-rays of an enzyme inhibitor. It is possible that the source of all inhibitor found in tissues and blood alike is the blood cell, probably the leukocyte. The possibility is suggested that the reduction of carboxypeptidase inhibitor in blood cells may serve as a basis for determining, within 24 hours of the exposure, whether or not an individual has received a lethal dose of ionizing radiation.
Family Rejection as a Predictor of Suicide Attempts and Substance Misuse Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults.

Abstract Purpose: We examined associations between family rejection and risk of suicide attempts and substance misuse among a national sample of transgender and gender nonconforming adults. Methods: Data were drawn from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (N = 6456). This secondary analysis was restricted to 3458 individuals who self-identified as transgender or gender nonconforming and provided complete data on study variables. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine health risks by level of reported family rejection (low/moderate/high), controlling for relevant sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Overall, 42.3% of the sample reported a suicide attempt and 26.3% reported misusing drugs or alcohol to cope with transgender-related discrimination. After controlling for age, race/ethnicity, sex assigned at birth, binary gender identity, income, education, and employment status, family rejection was associated with increased odds of both behaviors. Odds increased significantly w...
Investigation on disinfection situation of dental clinics in Jingmen City in 2010

[Objective]To understand the practice situation of dental clinics in Jingmen City,analyze the potential infection factors in the process of practice,and put forward the management strategies and control measures. [Methods]The implementation of disinfection measures was studies by the field investigation.Meanwhile,the relevant samples were collected to test the disinfection effect. [Results]Among 72 dental clinics were investigated,61(84.7%) developed a disinfection and isolation system,54(75.0%) implemented the measure of separation of treatment room and sterilization room in,49(68.1%) carried out the air disinfection regularly,71(98.6%) carried out the measure of one medical instrument for one person with a disinfectant,63(87.5%) developed a training system and regularly carry out the disinfection technology training,and developed a staff hand hygiene system.A total of 1 406 samples were detected,and 1 150 were qualified with the qualified rate of 81.8%.216 were object surface samples,166 were qualified with the qualified rate of 76.9%.360 were air samples,249 were qualified with the qualified rate of 69.2%.398 were medical instrument samples,390 were qualified with the qualified rate of 98.0%.288 were samples of medical staff hands,201 were qualified with the qualified rate of 69.8%.144 were samples of pressure steam sterilizer. [Conclusion]There are various infection factors in dental clinics.It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.
Right General Fractional Monotone Approximation

Here are introduced left general fractional derivatives Caputo style with respect to a base absolutely continuous strictly increasing function g. We give various examples of such fractional derivatives for different g.
A Haptic Feedback System for Phase-Based Sensory Restoration in Above-Knee Prosthetic Leg Users

Persons with amputations lack important senses from the amputated limb. With the absence of proprioception in the amputated leg, amputees have far more difficulty maintaining a natural gait with balance and stability. The biggest determinant of temporal limb behavior during locomotion is the phase in the gait cycle, which can be estimated using the center of pressure (COP) under the feet. We hypothesize that feedback from the COP of the prosthetic foot can help restore a more robust sense of phase in transfemoral (above-knee) amputees. This paper presents a device that provides vibrotactile feedback based on the COP from the prosthesis, providing proprioception and potentially an improved sense of phase to the user. Experiments showed that the haptic device significantly decreased variability of stride length, step width, and trunk sway in novice (able-bodied) users of a transfemoral prosthetic leg during treadmill locomotion (N=9), indicating improved gait stability.
The fifty-two hand blocks re-framed: the rehabilitation of a vernacular martial art

From the late 1980s, a cluster of related African-American vernacular fighting styles became a focus of contention among martial artists. Over the next twenty years, evidence drawn from popular culture, social science, and sport validated the existence of vernacular styles such as Jailhouse Rock and the 52s. This paper examines the recent ‘re-framing’ of the 52s as a heritage art, a uniquely African-American expression for cultivating health, fitness, and ethnic pride, as well as the development of a structured, culturally-based curriculum which began in order to ensure its embodied preservation.
A method to establish the spatiotemporal evolution of task-related cortical activity from electrocorticographic signals in single trials

Abstract Background Progress in neuroscience depends substantially on the ability to establish the detailed spatial and temporal sequence of neuronal population-level activity across large areas of the brain. Because there is substantial inter-trial variability in neuronal activity, traditional techniques that rely on signal averaging obscure where and when neuronal activity occurs. Thus, up to the present, it has been difficult to examine the detailed progression of neuronal activity across large areas of the brain. New method Here we describe a method for establishing the spatiotemporal evolution of neuronal population-level activity across large brain regions by determining exactly where and when neural activity occurs during a behavioral task in individual trials. We validate the efficacy of the method, examine the effects of its parameterization, and demonstrate its utility by highlighting two sets of results that could not readily be achieved with traditional methods. Results Our results reveal the precise spatiotemporal evolution of neuronal population activity that unfolds during a sensorimotor task in individual trials, and establishes the relationship between neuronal oscillations and the onset of this activity. Conclusions The ability to identify the spatiotemporal evolution of neuronal population activity onsets in single trials gives investigators a powerful new tool with which to study large-scale cortical processes.
Challenges in Targeting a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor with Hydrocarbon-Stapled Peptides

Basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors play critical roles in organism development and disease by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. Transcriptional activity, whether by bHLH homo- or heterodimerization, is dependent on protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions mediated by α-helices. Thus, α-helical decoys have been proposed as potential targeted therapies for pathologic bHLH transcription. Here, we developed a library of stabilized α-helices of OLIG2 (SAH-OLIG2) to test the capacity of hydrocarbon-stapled peptides to disrupt OLIG2 homodimerization, which drives the development and chemoresistance of glioblastoma multiforme, one of the deadliest forms of human brain cancer. Although stapling successfully reinforced the α-helical structure of bHLH constructs of varying length, sequence-specific dissociation of OLIG2 dimers from DNA was not achieved. Re-evaluation of the binding determinants for OLIG2 self-association and stability revealed an unanticipated role of the C-term...
Suppression of cytochrome P450 4B1: An early event in adrenocortical tumorigenesis.

Background Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare neoplasm with a poor prognosis. Conversely, adrenocortical adenomas are common and benign. Despite their shared histologic origin, little evidence exists to suggest that adrenocortical adenoma arises from adrenocortical carcinoma. Recent genetic analyses of adrenocortical carcinoma have shown recurrent gene copy deletion of CYP4B1, a cytochrome P450 isozyme. This study investigates a potential role for CYP4B1 in modulating adrenocortical tumorigenesis and/or conferring chemoresistance to adrenocortical carcinomas. Methods Using TaqMan, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, we investigated CYP4B1 expression in normal adrenal cortex (n = 10), histologically confirmed adrenocortical adenomas (n = 10), and adrenocortical carcinomas (n = 10). Adrenocortical carcinoma cell lines were enforced to express CYP4B1, and effects on cell death and enhanced mitotane and cisplatin sensitivity were tested. Results Gene expression analyses demonstrated suppression of CYP4B1 in 100% of both the adrenocortical adenomas (10/10) and adrenocortical carcinomas (10/10) tested. Average relative expression of CYP4B1 was decreased at 0.19 (0.01–0.50; P Conclusion CYP4B1 is silenced in both benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors and may contribute to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Sensitization of adrenocortical carcinoma cells engineered to overexpress CYP4B1 further supports this notion.
Sex Differences in the Age of Genetics

The field of sexual differentiation of the brain has its roots primarily in reproductive biology, which sought to explain the factors that guided the adaptively different development of two sexes, each of which has specialized roles in reproduction. That tradition led to the realization that many sex differences, in the brain and body of birds and mammals, are caused by the direct effects of gonadal secretions on those tissues. With the development of increasingly sophisticated molecular and genetic tools in the last 20 years, it has been possible to analyze the genes that are regulated by gonadal hormones in somatic tissues, and to start to construct molecular pathways that led to sex differences in somatic tissue phenotype. However, a second line of research, with its roots primarily in genetics as applied to the sex chromosomes, pointed to a new conclusion that XX and XY somatic cells are not equivalent in their phenotype, because of the sex-specific action of X and Y genes. Once genomes began to be sequenced virtually in their entirely, however, a third line of research, now in its infancy, was born. This is the global analysis of sex differences in gene expression, which seeks to understand how sex-specific forces operate on the genome and modify gene content, genetic variability, and sexual dimorphism of gene expression. Viewing gene expression across the whole genome allows a fresh perspective not available previously when the emphasis was exclusively on a few genes at a time. It begins to be possible to understand genome-wide and chromosome-specific forces that influence the evolution of genomes in a sex-specific manner.
Modeling the thermal poling of glasses using molecular dynamics. Part 1: Effects on glass structure

Abstract Due to its ability to permanently alter key properties of glasses after melting, thermal poling is considered a promising candidate for post-melt processing of glasses. However, in order to take full advantage of this technique, a deeper understanding of the processes involved in the compositional and structural changes observed after poling is necessary. In this study, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of using Molecular Dynamics (MD) to study thermal poling. We show that MD can successfully reproduce key experimental observations related to thermal poling. Specifically, the conversion of BIV to BIII in borosilicates with four different network modifiers is well replicated in our simulations. Moreover, our simulations reveal the coordination number of Al atoms is redistributed between the IV, V and VI coordination states. The elimination of non-bridging oxygen is also observed after poling in more than 80 oxide glasses including aluminosilicates and borosilicates. Overall, our study shows that MD can be a highly effective tool to gain valuable insights into the significant structural rearrangements that occur in glass networks during thermal poling.
Michael Albert Norko, MD, MAR: Forensic Psychiatry is a Vocation.

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) has a custom of publishing a biographical sketch of each of AAPL's presidents. Ordinarily, an appreciative former trainee is the one to undertake this assignment. In the present case, although I have obviously become significantly
Safety and Efficacy of Docetaxel, Bevacizumab, and Everolimus for Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC).

Abstract Background Previous data suggests that co-targeting mammalian target of rapamycin and angiogenic pathways may potentiate effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We studied combining mammalian target of rapamycin and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition with docetaxel in castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Methods Eligible patients had progressive, metastatic, chemotherapy-naive CRPC. Docetaxel and bevacizumab were given intravenously day 1 with everolimus orally daily on a 21-day cycle across 3 dose levels (75:15:2.5, 75:15:5, and 65:15:5; docetaxel mg/m 2 , mg/kg bevacizumab, and mg everolimus, respectively). Maintenance therapy with bevacizumab/everolimus without docetaxel was allowed after ≥ 6 cycles. Results Forty-three subjects were treated across all dose levels. Maximal tolerated doses for the combined therapies observed in the phase 1B portion of the trial were: docetaxel 75 mg/m 2 , bevacizumab 15 mg/kg, and everolimus 2.5 mg. Maximal prostate-specific antigen decline ≥ 30% and ≥ 50% was achieved in 33 (79%) and 31 (74%) of patients, respectively. Best response by modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria in 25 subjects with measurable disease at baseline included complete or partial response in 20 (80%) patients. The median progression-free and overall survival were 8.9 months (95% confidence interval, 7.4-10.6 months) and 21.9 months (95% confidence interval, 18.4-30.3 months), respectively. Hematologic toxicities were the most common treatment-related grade ≥ 3 adverse events including: febrile neutropenia (12; 28%), lymphopenia (12; 28%), leukocytes (10; 23%), neutrophils (9; 21%), and hemoglobin (2; 5%). Nonhematologic grade ≥ 3 adverse events included: hypertension (8; 19%), fatigue (3; 7%), pneumonia (3; 7%), and mucositis (4; 5%). There was 1 treatment-related death owing to neutropenic fever and pneumonia in a patient treated at dose level 3 despite dose modifications and prophylactic growth factor support. Conclusions Docetaxel, bevacizumab, and everolimus can be safely administered in CRPC and demonstrate a significant level of anticancer activity, meeting the predetermined response criteria. However, any potential benefit of combined therapy must be balanced against increased risk for toxicities. Our results do not support the hypothesis that this combination of agents improves upon the results obtained with docetaxel monotherapy in an unselected population of chemotherapy-naive patients with CRPC.
Cattle health monitoring system using Arduino and LabVIEW for early detection of diseases

Productive online cattle health monitoring can help those farmers who suffer on a regular basis due to the poor health condition of their cattle and unavailability of good veterinary doctors in their vicinity. In this paper, we present such a device which provides an opportunity to the farmers to monitor and compare the present health parameters of the cattle with the standard reference healthy parameters, by which they would be able to spot any deterioration in the cattle's health. To prepare such a device for real time application, Arduino UNO, Arduino NANO, Xbee module and different types of sensors for taking the cattle body parameters have been used. This paper focuses mainly on the parameters like heart rate, temperature, rumination and body humidity of the cattle.
Neuroendocrinology of Puberty

Attainment of mammalian reproductive capacity requires the activation of a handful of neurons in the basal forebrain that produce the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). GnRH reaches the pituitary gland via the portal system and stimulates the synthesis and release of gonadotropin hormones, which in turn promote gonadal function. The pubertal increase in GnRH release is brought about by coordinated changes in excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the GnRH neuronal network and by the activation of reciprocal neuron–glia communication pathways involving growth factors and neurotransmitters. Integration of this regulatory network requires a higher level of control exerted by transcriptional regulators.
Pericentral hydroxychloroquine retinopathy in a Caucasian female

Abstract Purpose To report a rare presentation of the pericentral pattern of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity in a Caucasian female. Observations The patient presented with 20 years of exposure to HCQ, at a daily dose of 5.2mg/kg of actual body weight, and manifested a pericentral-only phenotype of HCQ toxicity, as demonstrated with detailed structural and functional testing. Conclusions and importance Although rare, the pericentral pattern of HCQ toxicity may occur in Caucasian patients in the absence of paracentral changes.
Harvesting a Culture of Design: A Review of Organizational Design Research

State-of-the-art research on design management is bifurcated into two literary domains. This chapter examines the first domain, which has to do with organizational frameworks that help businesses achieve innovation and creativity—resources that can be deployed to create products and services that have value to consumers. In other words, this stream of research is concerned about helping firms develop an organizational culture centered on design. Through a review of the organizational design literature, the chapter presents a tripartite model (processes–people–physical space) for harvesting a culture of design.
Policy and Practice: A Primer on the Past, Present, and Future of Healthcare Reform in the United States

Excessive costs and the inconsistent quality of healthcare in the United States have driven policymakers and healthcare professionals to advocate for a new approach. Revised goals for the delivery of healthcare (the Triple Aim Initiative), a new structure to support the goals (accountable care organizations), and integrated care entities that provide the care (patient-centered medical homes) are key elements of a new system that will be implemented in the coming years. Medical family therapists (MedFTs) will play an important role in this reformed healthcare system. To be successful participants, MedFTs will need to understand how the model works and how to get involved in decision-making entities and policy think tanks. In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of the changing healthcare system, illustrate the benefits that will be experienced by patients and their families as these changes are implemented, and identify ways that MedFTs can successfully integrate into the changing healthcare environment.
Current Approach to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Ascending Aortic Dissection

Acute dissection of the ascending aorta creates a sudden, extremely tenuous condition of rapidly fatal consequence, unless treated by prompt surgical repair.1–6 In a collective review of 963 patients with aortic dissection who did not receive surgical treatment, the mortality rate at one day was 37% and at one week was 70%; 86% of deaths were due to aortic rupture.7 Aortic dissection occurs when a tear within the intimal lining allows circulating blood to be pumped directly into the aortic wall, rapidly separating the outer media and adventitia from the inner media and intima. A false channel is thereby created within the aortic wall, extending for various distances proximal and distal to the original intimal tear, which may lead to aortic rupture, major branch vessel obstruction with ischemia, or aortic valve regurgitation. Surgical intervention can prevent aortic rupture and reverse organ or extremity ischemia and aortic valve insufficiency, but must be performed promptly before these complications occur or their effects become irreversible. Thus, in addition to prompt surgical therapy, rapid efficient diagnosis of acute aortic dissection is also of critical importance.
Converting chair-like transition states into zig-zag projections

A short and easy method for the conversion of chair-like transition states into zig-zag projections using planar cyclohexane structures, and also the concepts of change of bond in the plane and group swap by rotation are described. Some common reactions where this method could be used to draw products include: aldol reaction, [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangements, allylation and crotylation of aldehydes, and formation of lithium enolates.
Prelude to Disaster: The NYCTA between 1953-1970

The creation of the New York City Transit Authority was intended to provide a layer of insulation between the politics and politicians of the city, and allow for more rational management of the transit system. The NYCTA has had mixed success on both counts. Mayors have continued to have major involvement in transit matters, particularly related to contract issues, although some mayors have been more involved than others. What creation of a public agency did not do, however, was insulate the transit system from the general economic travails of the city.
Eating Out-of-Home in Adult Residents in Shanghai and the Nutritional Differences among Dining Places.

Background: With the rapid development of Shanghai’s economy, diet habits have undergone great changes. The study aimed to examine the situation of out-of-home (OH) eating in Shanghai adults and the nutrition characteristics of eating in different dining places, and to assess the social demographic determinants of eating OH. Method: Data was sourced from the Shanghai Diet and Health Survey (SDHS) involving people aged 18 years or older in 2012–2013. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and three-day 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR) were used to collect dietary intake data on how people eat out in a cross-sectional study of 1689 adults. OH food refers to the food prepared or consumed away from home. We define that people who eat at least one meal prepared away from home in each survey have a habit of eating outside. The multiple linear and logistic regression methods were used for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of eating OH and at restaurants was only 55.1% and 31.8%, respectively. There was an increase in energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, and iron intake while eating OH. Restaurant and company/school canteen consumption were both associated with an increase in daily total energy intake of 140 kcal and 91 kcal, and fat intake of 6.0 g and 4.3 g, respectively. However, eating at restaurants was associated with higher intake of 548 mg of sodium. However, no significant association was observed between eating at canteens and higher sodium intake. Conclusions: Eating OH related to a poor diet quality, and the diet quality was different between restaurant and canteen food. There may be a need for interventions to target residents’ overall dining-out behavior, particularly focusing on the consumption of restaurant food.
Cortisone in Popular Culture: Roueché, Ray, and Hench.

In this article, the authors offer a new perspective on how the administration of Compound E (ie, cortisone) to a volunteer Mayo Clinic patient with rheumatoid arthritis and the patient's subsequent miraculous improvement led not only to a major, successful clinical trial but also a Nobel Prize. The early and late side effects as an undesirable outcome of treatment of corticosteroids would soon follow. Corticosteroid side effects became known in popular culture, first through an indepth article in The New Yorker by medical journalist Berton Roueche, and later through a major fiction film, Bigger than Life, directed by Nicholas Ray. The film used cortisone as a plot device to "unmask" what the filmmaker perceived to be the lie of middle class prosperity in America of the 1950s. Bigger than Life is also a cinematic argument against the use of cortisone. Dr. Philip Hench was also connected to Bigger than Life, and the Ray-Hench connection is further explored based on newly found material. The discovery of "wonder drug" cortisone and its potential side effects-all carefully described in the Roueche article but exaggerated in Nicholas Ray's film in the 1950s-show how medicine can be portrayed in popular culture.
Flipped classroom in teaching computer science

This paper describes the "Flipped Classroom" methodology that provides students the opportunity to review material before class time and concentrate on the hands-on activities (labs, case-study reviews, mini projects, etc.) in the class. This approach must be coupled with quizzes to assess the student's understanding and review of student notebooks to ensure material is actually reviewed before class.
Spirit and Letter: Speech Acts in Selected Medieval Texts

Rash boons, deceptive obedience, and forged missives produce a tension between the letter of the text and the spirit of the text. Beginning with J.L. Austinʼs theory of speech acts, this chapter considers the value and power of womenʼs speech in contrast to the authoritative words of men who nonetheless sometimes find themselves ensnared in linguistic traps set for them by the weaker sex. Womenʼs silence sometimes allows her to eventually have the last word.
Conclusion: Learnings From Eight Country Studies on Women Entrepreneurs in Asia:

The ProblemWomen entrepreneurs have played an important role in advancing the economic development of Asian countries. It is in the best interest of Asian countries and international human resource...
An Overview of the African Education Systems

This chapter emphasizes the reality that the elementary and secondary education in Africa run along a continuum from a very rudimentary situation where classes are conducted under a tree or in a dilapidated building with no sanitary provisions, to high-end state-of-the-art schools where elementary school pupils and secondary school students live and learn in atmospheres comparable to that of affluent Western institutions, and with varied levels in-between. As such, education policies, especially those focusing on technology implementation, should acknowledge these nuances. It also cited various policies on both the national and continental levels, and other policies proposed or suggested by multi-lateral organizations such as the World Bank and the UNESCO. Equally covered, is the current challenges of education systems in African especially their failure to serve African youths thus perpetuating truancy among the youth at the elementary and secondary levels. The 2018 UNESCO data indicates, collectively, more than 100 million children and adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) at the primary and secondary school levels are out of school.
An emerging potential of metabolomics in multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive overview

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the nervous system that primarily affects young adults. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains obscure, it is clear that alterations in the metabolome contribute to this process. As such, defining a reliable and disease-specific metabolome has tremendous potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for MS. Here, we provide an overview of studies aimed at identifying the role of metabolomics in MS. These offer new insights into disease pathophysiology and the contributions of metabolic pathways to this process, identify unique markers indicative of treatment responses, and demonstrate the therapeutic effects of drug-like metabolites in cellular and animal models of MS. By and large, the commonly perturbed pathways in MS and its preclinical model include lipid metabolism involving alpha-linoleic acid pathway, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, d-ornithine and d-arginine pathways with collective role in signaling and energy supply. The metabolomics studies suggest that metabolic profiling of MS patient samples may uncover biomarkers that will advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and progression, reduce delays and mistakes in diagnosis, monitor the course of disease, and detect better drug targets, all of which will improve early therapeutic interventions and improve evaluation of response to these treatments.
Consumption of field-realistic doses of a widely used mito-toxic fungicide reduces thorax mass but does not negatively impact flight capacities of the honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Abstract Commercial beekeepers in many locations are experiencing increased annual colony losses of honey bees (Apis mellifera), but the causes, including the role of agrochemicals in colony losses, remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic consumption of pollen containing a widely-used fungicide (Pristine®), known to inhibit bee mitochondria in vitro, which has recently been shown to reduce honey bee worker lifespan when field-colonies are provided with pollen containing field-realistic levels of Pristine®. We fed field colonies pollen with a field-realistic concentration of Pristine® (2.3 ppm) and a concentration two orders of magnitude higher (230 ppm). To challenge flight behavior and elicit near-maximal metabolic rate, we measured flight quality and metabolic rates of bees in two lower-than-normal air densities. Chronic consumption of 230 but not 2.3 ppm Pristine® reduced maximal flight performance and metabolic rates, suggesting that the observed decrease in lifespans of workers reared on field-realistic doses of Pristine®-laced pollen is not due to inhibition of flight muscle mitochondria. However, consumption of either the 230 or 2.3 ppm dose reduced thorax mass (but not body mass), providing the first evidence of morphological effects of Pristine®, and supporting the hypothesis that Pristine® reduces forager longevity by negatively impacting digestive or nutritional processes.
Acute Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in Patients With COVID-19-Related Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.

Abstract Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is rare in children and diagnosis is often delayed. Neurological involvement may occur in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but very few cases of AIS in patients with MIS-C have been reported. Case Descriptions We report two cases of AIS presenting with large vessel occlusive (LVO) disease in previously healthy adolescents recently exposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both patients were subsequently diagnosed with and treated for MIS-C. Here, we discuss the course of their treatments and clinical responses. Conclusion Early recognition and diagnosis of LVO in children with MIS-C is critical in order to make available all treatment options to improve clinical outcomes.
Dimensional Stability of Modified Wood Composite Panels

Dimensional stability of wood-based composites with changing moisture content remains an important challenge in the industry for many applications. Wood identification technologies have shown significant promise to improve dimensional stability. The main objective of this research project was to study the effectiveness of impregnation and heat treatments on wood composites when exposed to selected moisture environments. Moisture exposure conditions included one-sided water spray, one-sided liquid water contact, constant high RH, and cyclic exposure to high and low RH. Commercial moisture-resistant medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and birch plywood panels, as well as laboratory manufactured birch plywood panels, were modified by impregnation with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylenurea (DMDHEU) resin, or subjected to heat treatment at 205oC for 2 h to improve dimensional stability. All treatments improved moisture resistance. Plywood impregnated with PF or DMDHEU resin showed the lowest thickness swelling values, with maximum values not higher than 5% after 192 h of exposure. Heat-treated MDF and heat-treated plywood samples resulted in 11% and 6% thickness swell after water spray exposure, respectively. The heat-treated plywood resulted in lower linear expansion (LE) than untreated plywood, with an average reduction of 54%; whereas the heat-treated MDF material did not show improvement of LE relative to control MDF samples.
LDC Forced Aligner

This paper describes the LDC forced aligner which was designed to align audio and transcripts. Unlike existing forced aligners, LDC forced aligner can align partially transcribed audio files, and also audio files with large chunks of non-speech segments, such as noise, music, silence etc, by inserting optional wildcard phoneme sequences between sentence or paragraph boundaries. Based on the HTK tool kit, LDC forced aligner can align audio and transcript on sentence or word level. This paper also reports its usage on English and Mandarin Chinese data.
Studies of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetase reaction. V. The requirement for monovalent and divalent cations in partial reactions involving enzyme-bound acetyl adenylate

Abstract The requirement for monovalent and divalent cations was studied in partial reactions of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase involving enzyme-bound acetyl adenylate; enzyme-bound complexes were isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Formation of enzyme-bound acetyl-14C adenylate under equilibrium conditions, either from acetate-14C and magnesium-adenosine triphosphate or from acetyl-14C-CoA and adenosine monophosphate, required addition of activating monovalent cations, e.g. Rb+, Na+, or K+, and certain divalent metal ions, e.g. Ni2+, Fe2+, Cd2++, or Cu2+. The same dependence was shown for the enzymatic reaction of chemically synthesized acetyl adenylate with coenzyme A or magnesium-pyrophosphate. The maximum ratio attained for millimicromoles of enzyme-bound acetyl adenylate formed to units of acetyl-CoA synthetase added was 1.55; approximately the same ratio was obtained when the enzyme was saturated with 63Ni2+. This is compatible with two binding sites for acetyl adenylate and Ni2+ per enzyme molecule. Binding of free acetyl-14C adenylate to the enzyme required divalent cations, and the stoichiometry of divalent metal ion bound (Ni2+) to enzyme-bound adenylate was 1:1. Acetyl adenylate prevented removal of approximately 30% of the enzyme-attached 63Ni2+ by Sephadex, but little decrease in enzyme-associated radioactivity was noted after dialysis of enzyme-bound 63Ni2+ against NiCl. Activating monovalent cations (Rb+ or Na+) were not needed for binding acetyl-14C adenylate to the enzyme, but were required for its formation from substrates or for its reaction with coenzyme A. Any enzyme-bound intermediate formed in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of activating monovalent cations reacted completely with coenzyme A, indicating that formation of the complex, rather than its reaction with acceptor, is probably rate-limiting in the over-all reaction. Activating monovalent cations had a direct effect on enzyme-bound acetyl-14C adenylate as judged by the stabilization of the complex at 4°. Rough estimates of equilibrium constants for formation of enzyme-bound acetyl-14C adenylate from acetate-14C and magnesium-adenosine triphosphate at 4° were 8.7 x 104 m-1 at pH 7.4 and 5.5 x 104 m-1 at pH 8.0; these correspond, respectively to -ΔF°' values of 6.3 and 6.0 kcal per mole. From acetyl-14C-CoA and adenosine monophosphate, comparable constants were 1.9 to 3.0 x 104 m-1 at pH 7.4 and 1.1 x 105 m-1 at pH 8.0; these are equivalent to -ΔF°' values of 6.8 and 6.4 kcal per mole.
Variations in Depleted Uranium Sorption and Solubility with Depth in Arid Soils

This study examined the ability of alkaline desert soils to sorb depleted uranium (DU) as a function of soil horizon and assessed the solubility of corrosion and migration products from two DU kinetic energy penetrators exposed on the desert surface for a 22-y period. Both uranium corrosion products on the surface, and subsurface uranium originating from the dissolution of surface corrosion products followed by reprecipitation or sorption, were examined. A four-step sequential extraction method was used to classify uranium solubility at each site. Results show that distribution coefficient for uranium is highly variable, but can be correlated with the clay content (r = 0.55) and soil pH (r = 0.73) of the soil horizon considered. Surface corrosion products and near-surface uranium easily dissolve in a weak acid solution (25% acetic acid for two hours), suggesting a uranyl hydroxide form. As uranium migrates beyond several centimeters in depth, it forms insoluble aggregates with silicate minerals and requir...
Wetting and Mechanical Characteristics of the Reactive Air Braze for Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Joining

Reactive air brazing (RAB) technique was developed as an effective alternative for the joining of complicated ceramic parts. The most important advantage of RAB over conventional active metal brazing is that joining operation of RAB technique can be conducted without using controlled atmosphere. It has been reported by us that the reactive component (copper) in the Ag-CuO braze is reactively to modify faying surfaces of alumina, improving the wettability with the oxide and potentially increasing bond strenth between braze and ceramics. In this work, the effects of CuO content on wetting behavior of Ag-CuO braze with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates and the mechanical properties of brazed YSZ have been investigated. The results of this study to date will be discussed.
Solar irradiance changes caused by g-modes and large scale convection

Solar irradiance measurements from the ACRIM experiment show a clear response to the rotation periods of g-mode oscillations (l = 1, 2, and 3) and their first harmonics. Peaks in the ACRIM spectrum at 16.6, 18.3, 20.7, 36.5, and ≃- 71 days all lie within about 1% of periods arising from g-mode rotation. This means that the g-modes are a fundamental cause of irradiance fluctuations. On time scales of months and less they modulate the irradiance by means of transient flows of global scale which they stimulate in the Sun's convective envelope. Dimensional arguments indicate that the flows carry up heat at an average rate ∼ 10-3 L ⊙ which is not in conflict with observed changes in the irradiance. Five additional tests for g-modes and large-scale convection are given. An instability is described which undermines diffusion models of sunspot energy storage.
Complex Logic Functions From Simple Gates—Part 2

In Experiment 2, you learned how to construct various flip-flops and other logic functions. In this section, you will learn to combine these simple devices so that they may be used to perform even more complex functions. Devices such as counters, registers, and data latches will be built.