cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pseudomyasthenic syndrome of Eaton and Lambert: an electrophysiological study.

Abstract Some aspects of neuromuscular transmission have been studied at single end-plate regions in muscle fibers from two patients, one with proven bronchogenic carcinoma but without clinical weakness, the other with no proven malignancy but with the typical pseudomyasthenic syndrome described by Eaton and Lambert. In preparations from both patients there were consistent abnormalities suggesting that the motor nerve terminals could neither eject nor mobilize the normal number of transmitter quanta in response to a nerve impulse. The marked impairment of depolarization-linked transmitter release would suggest a severe reduction in the number of voltage-sensitive release sites, but there is also some failure of the mechanism which ordinarily signals the need to form and transport more quanta. In spite of these defects the spontaneous release mode appears to operate normally, and the “packets” which escape when the nerve is resting are sufficiently near normal in size that a decrease in the number of acetylcholine molecules per quantum cannot be held accountable for any significant aspect of the disorder. No major defects have been found in the contractile machinery of the muscle fibers. Reasons are given for rejecting the hypotheses that the disease could result from an excess of magnesium ions, a reduction in calcium ions, or an agent like botulinum toxin.
Skeletal rearrangements in mass spectra. Part I. Bis-aryl compounds

Examination of a large number of spectra indicates that bis-unsaturated compounds commonly undergo a skeletal rearrangement in which part or all or the bridging moiety is eliminated, often with concomitant loss of hydrogen atoms. The spectra of labeled azobenzene, diphenyl sulfide, and their p,p′-dimethyl derivatives show that scrambling of hydrogen atoms precedes or accompanies such rearrangements, in contrast to the loss of a p-methyl group from the latter derivatives. These results are rationalized in terms of the radical site formed on one unsaturated functional group attacking the polarizable π-electrons of the other unsaturated group.
Text, lies and architecture: Colin Rowe, Robert Venturi and Mannerism

Colin Rowe's few published statements about Robert Venturi from 1967–76 convey a distance reinforced by their frequent association with two opposing architectural camps during this period (the ‘Whites’ and the ‘Grays’). Yet their interests and priorities overlapped to a remarkable extent; both applied the lessons of architectural history to contemporary design and shared intense interests in early modern Italian architectural traditions. Perhaps most unusually, both consistently asserted the relevance of Mannerism to modern architecture. In retrospect, it appears curious that Rowe and Venturi were not allies, and seldom (if at all) acknowledged their many parallels and intersections: a lacuna mirrored in scholarship, which rarely considers them as a pair. However, Rowe's three direct discussions of Venturi during this period, all of which mention Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture , its impact and its manifestation in Venturi's design work, provide insights into their distinct but related approa...
Alkyl-bisbiguanides as in vitro inhibitors of bacterial growth and dental plaque formation.

Nine anllogues of chlorhexidine, including Alexidine, in which the p-chloroophenyl group had bneen replaced by straight or branched alkyl chains were found to be substantive ot saliva coated enamel. These alkyl bisbiguanides were also found to be antimicrobial in a tube dilution assay and tn prevent the formation of plaque in an in vitro plaque assay. Each of these compounds was found to be equal to or greater than chlorhexidine in antimicrobial or plaque inhibition activity against the periodontal organisms, Actinomyces viscosus and A. naeslundii. Against the cariogenic organism, Streptococcus mutans, each of these compounds was active but none had more active than several of the other analogues.
Globalization in cultural studies Process and epoch

Globalization has quickly become a ubiquitous term; it names a process, an epoch, a discourse, a promise, a threat, a way of looking at ‘the world’. It also names a new kind of ‘inter-discipline’, a new protocol of writing and teaching in the humanities and social science. The article charts the emergence of globalization in cultural studies: first, by sketching the lineaments of globalization discourse as it appears in three major anthologies of cultural studies of globalization; second, by arguing that the freedom from history implied by the idea of globalization always depends on a variety of implicit narratives about the past; and third, by speculating on the ways one might constitute the culture of the era of globalization.
Class formation and democracy: The decline of working‐class power in Britain

The debate about the future of working‐class power in Britain raises for class theory an important, if neglected, question about how internal politics affects class formation and power. To provide an answer, this article develops an analysis that conceptualises class representation as a particular power relation in a pluralist system, and assesses recent changes in the internal power relations in the labour movement. The conclusion that the fragmentation and disorientation of traditional practices of internal democracy has weakened the movement's collective strength demonstrates that internal politics does matter to class formation.
Novel associations between contaminant body burdens and biomarkers of reproductive condition in male Common Carp along multiple gradients of contaminant exposure in Lake Mead National Recreation Area, USA

Adult male Common Carp were sampled in 2007/08 over a full reproductive cycle at Lake Mead National Recreation Area. Sites sampled included a stream dominated by treated wastewater effluent, a lake basin receiving the streamflow, an upstream lake basin (reference), and a site below Hoover Dam. Individual body burdens for 252 contaminants were measured, and biological variables assessed included physiological [plasma vitellogenin (VTG), estradiol-17β (E2), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT)] and organ [gonadosomatic index (GSI)] endpoints. Patterns in contaminant composition and biological condition were determined by Principal Component Analysis, and their associations modeled by Principal Component Regression. Three spatially distinct but temporally stable gradients of contaminant distribution were recognized: a contaminant mixture typical of wastewaters (PBDEs, methyl triclosan, galaxolide), PCBs, and DDTs. Two spatiotemporally variable patterns of biological condition were recognized: a primary pattern consisting of reproductive condition variables (11KT, E2, GSI), and a secondary pattern including general condition traits (condition factor, hematocrit, fork length). VTG was low in all fish, indicating low estrogenic activity of water at all sites. Wastewater contaminants associated negatively with GSI, 11KT and E2; PCBs associated negatively with GSI and 11KT; and DDTs associated positively with GSI and 11KT. Regression of GSI on sex steroids revealed a novel, nonlinear association between these variables. Inclusion of sex steroids in the GSI regression on contaminants rendered wastewater contaminants nonsignificant in the model and reduced the influence of PCBs and DDTs. Thus, the influence of contaminants on GSI may have been partially driven by organismal modes-of-action that include changes in sex steroid production. The positive association of DDTs with 11KT and GSI suggests that lifetime, sub-lethal exposures to DDTs have effects on male carp opposite of those reported by studies where exposure concentrations were relatively high. Lastly, this study highlighted advantages of multivariate/multiple regression approaches for exploring associations between complex contaminant mixtures and gradients and reproductive condition in wild fishes.
Tangled webs of work, childcare, and transportation

To many, the term ‘welfare reform’ is just a politically correct way of reducing the amount of public dollars spent on "welfare as we know it." Even those who draft the legislation do not have as their primary concerns availability of jobs that pay a living wage, availability of child care, availability of health care, availability of education for careers.
Market Power and Its Sources in the Food Industry

Market power is defined in terms of a firm's ability to affect directly other participants in the market or such market variables as prices and promotion practices. The article distinguishes between short-run and long-run power and between offensive and defensive power. More than a dozen sources of power are identified in the food industry. Some of the things commonly regarded as manifestations of market power are unreliable indicators of it. In particular, higher-than-average profits and market power do not necessarily go together.
Effects of demagnetization fields on the angular dependence of coercivity of longitudinal thin film media

The angular dependence of the apparent coercivity for coherent rotations and incoherent curling and fanning rotations in high-coercivity longitudinal thin film magnetic recording media is calculated and presented with corrections for demagnetization fields in the direction of the applied field. The model used for representing a thin film is a single particle having a fixed magnitude of saturation magnetization and an in-plane easy axis. A sharp peak is found in the angular dependence of the apparent coercivity for incoherent, but not for coherent, rotations. The peak magnitude of the apparent coercivity calculated in units of the anisotropy field is found to increase with increasing saturation magnetizations for curling but not for fanning. The computations of the angular dependence of the apparent coercivity are compared with measurements on high-coercivity longitudinal thin film magnetic recording media. >
Diamagnetic persistent currents and spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking in mesoscopic structures

Recently, new strongly interacting phases have been uncovered in mesoscopic systems with chaotic scattering at the boundaries. The new phases are the mesoscopic analogue of spontaneous distortions of the Fermi surface induced by interactions in bulk systems and can occur in any Fermi-liquid channel with angular momentum m. Here we show that the phase with m even has a diamagnetic persistent current (seen experimentally but mysterious theoretically), while that with m odd can be driven through a transition which spontaneously breaks time-reversal symmetry by increasing the coupling to dissipative leads. Our analysis is reliable when the dimensionless conductance of the system is large, is nonperturbative in both disorder and interactions, and applies to ballistic structures with strong interactions.
Regenerative protein thymosin β-4 is a novel regulator of purinergic signaling

By an unknown mechanism, β-thymosins are extracellular modulators of angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and development. We were interested in identifying β-thymosin interactors and determining their importance in β-thymosins signaling in human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We performed pulldown experiments with biotinylated thymosin β-4 (Tβ4) in comparison to neutravidin beads alone and used mass spectrometric analysis to identify differentially interacting proteins. By this method, we identified F1-F0 ATP synthase, a known target of antiangiogenic angiostatin. By surface plasmon resonance, we determined for Tβ4 binding to the β subunit of ATP synthase a KD of 12 nM. Blocking antibodies and antagonists (oligomycin, IC50 ∼1.8 μM; piceatannol, IC50 ∼1.05 μM; and angiostatin, IC50 ∼2.9 μg/ml) of ATP synthase inhibited the Tβ4-induced increase in cell surface ATP levels, as measured by luciferase assay, and the Tβ4-induced increase in HUVEC migration, as measured by transwell migration assay. Sile...
Making drugs (and soaking the poor

The Pharmaceutical Industry and Dependency in the Third World. By Gary Gereffi. Princeton University Press: 1983. Pp.291. Hbk $25, £25; pbk $9.95, £7.70.
Near-infrared fluorescent divalent RGD ligand for integrin αvβ3-targeted optical imaging

A new near-infrared fluorescent compound containing two cyclic RGD motifs, cypate-[c(RGDfK)](2) (1), was synthesized based on a carbocyanine fluorophore bearing two carboxylic acid groups (cypate) for integrin α(v)β(3)-targeting. Compared with its monovalent counterpart cypate-c(RGDfK) (2), 1 exhibited remarkable improvements in integrin α(v)β(3) binding affinity and tumor uptake in nude mice of A549. The results suggest that cypate-linked divalent ligands can serve as an important molecular platform for exploring receptor-targeted optical imaging and treatment of various diseases.
Large-scale E-region electric field structure due to gravity wave winds

Abstract Oscillatory neutral wind motions, such as those of atmospheric gravity waves which propagate through the E-region of the ionosphere, appear to produce local electric fields in the source region. Although the net effect of these oscillatory fields vanishes outside the source region, the local fields themselves are not shorted out along the magnetic field lines, as is usually assumed. We present in situ measurements of neutral winds and the correlated electric fields, and show that local electric fields of the order of a few mV/m can be sustained by the neutral wind motions.
Condylar adaptation to a change in intermaxillary relationship

Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized to study the effects of a distal occlusion on the mandibular joint. The experimental period varied from one to four weeks. Cellular behavior and synthesis of new bone was revealed radioautographically after the injection of tritiated thymidine and tritiated proline respectively. The following structures within the joint were studied: (1) the fibrous layer of the articular fossa, (2) the fibrous and (3) the embryonic zone of the condyle. The number of labeled cells decreased in all areas analyzed after the first week of experiment but by two weeks had increased above the control. At four weeks, while still higher than the control, the radioactive index was decreasing. Of the structures studied, the embryonic layer showed the greatest response in number of cells undergoing DNA synthesis due to: (1) growth, (2) age, and (3) distal displacement of the mandible. Within the fibrous layer of the condyle and articular fossa, however, except for the central portion of the latter, the difference in radioactive index between control and experimental groups was negligible. Concomitant with the downward and forward growth of the mandible the number of cells undergoing DNA synthesis was highest in the posterior portion of the condyle. Initially, resorption was observed in the area of the external pterygoid attachment of the condyle followed by new bone formation as evidenced by tritiated proline. From this investigation the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The cells within the embryonic zone of the condylar cartilage can be stimulated, even in the adult, to increase their rate of cellular division to adapt to changes in mandibular position. (2) The articular fossa and disc remain unaltered following distal mandibular displacement. (3) Tension within the external pterygoid muscle will result in gross morphologic alterations on the anterior border of the condyle.
Sugar and fat – that's where it's at: metabolic changes in tumors

Tumor cells exhibit an altered metabolism, characterized by increased glucose uptake and elevated glycolysis, which was first recognized by Otto Warburg 70 years ago. Warburg originally hypothesized that these metabolic changes reflected damage to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Although hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor can induce transcriptional changes that stimulate glucose transport and glycolysis, it is clear that these changes can occur in cultured tumor or transformed cells cultured under normoxic conditions, and thus there must be genetic alterations independent of hypoxia that can stimulate aerobic glycolysis. In recent years it has become clear that loss of p53 and activation of Akt can induce all or part of the metabolic changes reflected in the Warburg effect. Likewise, changes in expression of lactate dehydrogenase and other glycolytic control enzymes can contribute to increased or altered glycolysis. It is also clear that changes in lipid biosynthesis occur in tumor cells to support increased membrane biosynthesis and perhaps the altered energy needs of the cells. Changes in fatty acid synthase, Spot 14, Akt, and DecR1 (2,4-dienoylcoenzyme A reductase) may underlie altered lipid metabolism in tumor cells and contribute to the ability of tumor cells to proliferate or metastasize. Although these advances provide new therapeutic targets that merit exploration, there remain critical questions to be explored at the mechanistic level; this work may yield insights into tumor cell biology and identify additional therapeutic targets.
Economic sociology primer: leisure and lifestyles.

Abstract Economic sociology seeks to apply sociological perspectives to economic analysis. The standard formulations of micro-economics require reducing all analysis to numerical measures and indices. Against this narrowness, sociological approaches introduce issues critical for defining and marketing leisure and the related concept of lifestyles. This paper attempts to introduce how basic sociological concepts that employ common vocabularies may both contribute to economic analysis and lead to significant critiques.
The first synthesis of [11C]J147, a new potential PET agent for imaging of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract J147 was synthesized from 2,4-dimethylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde in 2 steps with 71% overall yield. The precursor desmethyl-J147 was synthesized from 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dimethylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride in 4 steps with 63% overall yield. [ 11 C]J147 was prepared from desmethyl-J147 with [ 11 C]CH 3 OTf through O-[ 11 C]methylation and isolated by HPLC combined with solid-phase extraction (SPE) in 35–50% radiochemical yield based on [ 11 C]CO 2 and decay corrected to end of bombardment (EOB), with 370–740 GBq/μmol specific activity at EOB.
Inverse cascades in turbulence

In this article, I report on some joint work with Vladimir E. Zakharov. We suggest that inverse cascades of finite flux motion constants can play a central role in the production of intermittency in both optical and hydrodynamic turbulence and that they may also be responsible for building the dipole component of planetary and solar dynamos.
Is There Classical Conditioning Without Cognitive Expectancy

The question of whether there is human classical conditioning without cognitive expectancy (as indexed by the GSR) is considered. A series of prior research reports by the authors is summarized. A theoretical position is proposed that states that a given CR may consist of two components—one expectancy dependent, the other independent of expectancy. The problems in demonstrating CRs that are not dependent upon cognitive expectancy are discussed.
Tensile Strengths of Various Suture Techniques

The tensile strengths of various suture techniques were studied in vitro using rabbit Achilles' and flexor digitorum longus tendons. Two new suture methods, a Double and Triple (modified) Kessler, were compared with the Savage, Indiana and modified Kessler techniques. All were core sutures without epitendinous sutures. All suture techniques were found to be significantly different for 2 mm of gap formation. The study found the Savage technique strongest, followed by the Triple Kessler, the Double Kessler, and finally the Indiana. The Double Kessler was almost twice as strong as the modified Kessler. This study also compared two four-stranded techniques (the Indiana and Double Kessler) and found the Double Kessler stronger. The Double Kessler is a simple yet strong suture and may be useful for flexor tendon repairs.
Explicit solutions to Poncelet’s porism

Abstract Solution to the following problem is considered: for given conics C and K and an integer N ⩾ 3 , determine whether there exists a closed N-sided polygon inscribed in C and circumscribed about K . The case of C and K being circles is considered in detail. Equations are proposed with a relatively small number of arithmetic operations – near log 2 N . Along the way, the following result is obtained: for circles with rational coefficients, the polygons can only have the following number of sides N = 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12 (a subset of the Mazur’s set of integers for rational elliptic curves). The proposed solution may also be applied to determine whether a Hankel determinant of order N / 2 having special form (used in the classical Cayley criterion) is equal to zero, and for related problems. Possible generalizations for ellipses and hyperbolas are also presented. Particularly, equations are proposed for parameters of concentric Poncelet’s ellipses (billiard case).
Viscoelastic Properties of Healthy Human Artery Measured in Saline Solution by AFM-Based Indentation Technique

Using an Atomic Force Microscope with an attachment for indentation, we have measured local, in vitro mechanical properties of healthy femoral artery tissue held in saline solution. The elastic modulus (34. 3 kPa) and viscoelastic response ({tau}sub{epsilon} {equals} 16.9 s and {tau}sub{sigma} {equals} 29.3 s) of the unstretched,intimal vessel wall have been determined using Sneddon theory and a three element model(standard linear solid) for viscoelastic materials. The procedures necessary to employ the indenting attachment to detect elastic moduli in the kPa range in liquid are described.
An infrared spectroscopic study of a hyperbranched, dendrimer‐like, polyester and its blends with poly(4‐vinyl phenol)

A dendrimer-like hyperbranched polyester is characterized by infrared spectroscopy. By converting and labeling the terminal groups by acetylation with 13 C acetic anhydride, the relative accessibility of core and terminal functional groups to solvents and linear polymers can be measured by counting the number of hydrogen bonds formed between the complementary functional groups found in these materials. The terminal groups form hydrogen bonds as readily as the same groups in linear polymers, but the core groups are highly screened. These results suggest that in these mixtures the dendrimer is extended, with the terminal groups located near the periphery of the molecule.
Implementation of multi-hop routing protocols for the dramatic range enhancement of wireless sensor networks

In this paper, both general and routing-specific constraints and requirements that have to be satisfied during the design of wireless sensor networks are presented. The need for emergence of efficient protocols, especially those related to network layer, is stressed. A classification of the state-of-the-art routing techniques is also presented along with a benchmarking evaluation in terms of power requirements and range enhancement for ldquoruggedrdquo wireless sensor networks.
A novel immediate-early response gene of endothelium is induced by cytokines and encodes a secreted protein.

Abstract We have previously described the cloning of a group of novel cellular immediate-early response genes whose expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells is induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha in the presence of cycloheximide. These genes are likely to participate in mediating the response of the vascular endothelium to proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we further characterized one of these novel gene products named B61. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding B61 revealed that its protein product has no significant homology to previously described proteins. Southern analysis suggested that B61 is an evolutionarily conserved single-copy gene. B61 is primarily a hydrophilic molecule but contains both a hydrophobic N-terminal and a hydrophobic C-terminal region. The N-terminal region is typical of a signal peptide, which is consistent with the secreted nature of the protein. The mature form of the predicted protein consists of 187 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 22,000. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cell preparations revealed that B61 is a 25-kilodalton secreted protein which is markedly induced by tumor necrosis factor.
Flexible Static Semantic Checking Using First-Order Logic

Static analysis of software processes is important in assessing the correctness of processes, particularly since their long duration and distributed execution make them difficult to test. We describe a novel approach to building a static analyzer that can detect programming errors and anomalies in processes written in Little-JIL. We describe semantic rules declaratively in first-order logic and use xlinkit, a constraint checker, to check the processes. We have used this approach to develop a checker that can find simple syntactic errors as well as more complex control and data flow anomalies.
High energy density physics research at the Nevada Terawatt Facility

The Nevada Terawatt Facility (NTF) consists of a 1 MA, 2 Z-pinch, carrying out 350 shots a year, and a 50 TW, 350 fs, one micron glass laser. Plasma diagnostics include a multiframe laser probe, optical and x-ray imaging, particle diagnostics, and x-ray spectroscopy. More recent diagnostic developments include UV shadowgraphy and UV interferometry. The NTF generates TW x-ray bursts, megagauss magnetic fields, and magnetized laser plasmas, including astrophysical relevant plasmas.
Asymptotically optimum selections in convex families

Let /spl chi/ be a standard Borel space and for r/spl les/s and let X/sub r//sup s/=(X/sub r/,...X/sub s/). For n/spl ges/1 let X/sup n/=(X/sub 0/,...X/sub n-1/) and let /spl Qscr//sup n/ be a convex family of measurable functions q(x/sup n/)/spl ges/0 on /spl chi//sup n/. A function q*(x/sup n/) is log-optimum in /spl Qscr//sup n/ under a probability distribution P on /spl chi//sup n/ if it attains W(/spl Qscr//sub n/)(P(X/sub n/))=sup(q(x/sup n/) in Q/sup n/)E/sub P/{log q(X/sup n/)}. The author provides a universal scheme for making selections in a multiplicative sequence of convex model classes, where the duality between maximizing growth exponents and minimizing information rates is obvious.
Retailers' Use of Partially Comparative Pricing: From Across- Category to Within-Category Effects

Prior research suggests that partially comparative pricing—in which a retailer provides price comparisons for some, but not all, of its products—is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, such pricing improves beliefs about the retailer's competitive price advantage on comparatively priced products for which its prices are compared with a competitor. On the other hand, it has been shown to damage perceptions of the retailer's noncomparatively priced products relative to those charged by the competition. However, this latter outcome is based on evidence examining the influence of partially comparative pricing across different product categories. The authors propose and demonstrate in five studies that price comparisons may actually improve relative price beliefs about the noncomparatively priced brands within the same product category. They further show this improvement to be attenuated as the number of price comparisons increase or when the price comparison is attached to a brand perceived as less typical ...
Replication Initiator Protein NS1 of the Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice Binds to Modular Divergent Sites Distributed throughout Duplex Viral DNA

To initiate DNA synthesis, the NS1 protein of minute virus of mice (MVM) first binds to a simple cognate recognition sequence in the viral origins, comprising two to three tandem copies of the tetranucleotide TGGT. However, this motif is also widely dispersed throughout the viral genome. Using an immunoselection procedure, we show that NS1 specifically binds to many internal sites, so that all viral fragments of more than approximately 170 nucleotides effectively compete for NS1, often binding with higher affinity to these internal sites than to sites in the origins. We explore the diversity of the internal sites using competitive binding and DNase I protection assays and show that they vary between two extreme forms. Simple sites with three somewhat degenerate, tandem TGGT reiterations bind effectively but are minimally responsive to ATP, while complex sites, containing multiple variably spaced TGGT elements arranged as opposing clusters, bind NS1 with an affinity that can be enhanced approximately 10-fold by ATP. Using immuno-selection procedures with randomized sequences embedded within specific regions of the genome, we explore possible binding configurations in these two types of site. We conclude that binding is modular, combinatorial, and highly flexible. NS1 recognizes two to six variably spaced, more-or-less degenerate forms of the 5'-TGGT-3' motif, so that it binds efficiently to a wide variety of sequences. Thus, despite complex coding constraints, binding sites are configured at frequent intervals throughout duplex forms of viral DNA, suggesting that NS1 may serve as a form of chromatin to protect and tailor the environment of replicating genomes.
Best Predictors for Postfire Mortality of Ponderosa Pine Trees in the Intermountain West

Numerous wildfires in recent years have highlighted managers' needs for reliable tools to predict postfire mortality of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) trees. General applicability of existing mortality models is uncertain, as researchers have used different sets of variables. We quantified tree attributes, crown and bole fire damage, ground fire severity, and insect presence from a total of 5,083 trees in four 2000 wildfires in four Intermountain states. Crown scorch (percentage) and consumption (percentage) volume collectively accounted for the majority of predictive capacity in all four individual models and in the pooled four-site model. The addition of tree diameter and presence of Ips beetles in the pooled model slightly improved predictive power. Four other statistically significant variables added little to the pooled model's predictive ability. The pooled model correctly classified 3-year postfire mortality of 89.9% of the trees and had a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) score of 0.96. In the external validation step, the model correctly classified 3-year postfire mortality of 96% of 1,361 trees in a 2001 wildfire. Our results and a number of previous studies suggest that a two-variable model using percentage crown scorch volume and crown consumed volume will have applicability beyond the Intermountain West. FOR .S CI. 52(6):718-728.
Decision Markets and Vernacular Postmodernism

So-called prediction markets have emerged as an alternative to expertise in a range of fields: from predicting the outcome of political elections to selecting among alternative plans for product development, to finding shipwrecks, and predicting Oscar Award winners. Proponents of these markets argue that their use can be expanded to an even wider range of cultural, political, and social events, and thus to serve as guides for choosing among policy alternatives. This article argues that prediction markets serve as a means for addressing the impasses of generalized savvy skepticism—what it dubs a form of vernacular postmodernism. Prediction markets offer to replace debunked forms of expertise while cultivating a populace trained in practices of speculation and risk assessment. Finally, the article considers the uncanny persistence of faith in markets even in the midst of the global economic downturn—apparent evidence of the dramatic failure of speculative markets.
Far-field reflectometry for characterization of active antennas

Testing active antennas or polarimetric radar calibrators in the far field (plane wave excitation) is complicated by imperfect isolation between transmit and receive channels. We describe a far-field reflectometry setup which overcomes this problem. A large dynamic range is achieved by modulating the active element bias and using a quadrature receiver and lock-in detection scheme. A calibration method and a novel mixer phase-error correction scheme are described. The system is capable of full polarimetric characterization of active scatterers. >
Modeling and Gait Design of a 4-Tetrahedron Walker Robot

This work describes the use of a simulating walking robot to model a tetrahedron walker robot. As a contribution to the gait generation and motion control of the tetrahedron walker robots, a concept has been formulated to implement in the case of choreographic designed gaits.
CM-AVM syndrome in a neonate: case report and treatment with a novel flow reduction strategy

Mutations in the RASA-1 gene underlie several related disorders of vasculogenesis. Capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is one such entity and was recently encountered in a neonate who demonstrated its clinical and radiologic features. A single mutation in the RASA-1 gene was detected. A novel flow reduction strategy was employed to a large AVM affecting the patient’s upper limb. The imaging findings, surgical procedure and patient’s improved post-operative state are described.
Development and Disequilibration: Predicting Counselor Trainee Gain and Loss Scores on the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire

Relative importance of adult cognitive development (according to Perry), education, and experience in predicting longitudinal gain and loss scores on a measure of counselor supervisee development (Supervisee Levels Questionnaire) was examined. Results indicated cognitive & #x2013;developmental stage predicted score change better than age, education, or experience. In addition, an unanticipated, discontinuous, patterned relationship between student cognitive stage and the gain/loss scores was discovered. The possibility of developmental disequilibration is discussed along with implications for counselor education and adult development theory.
Byzantia : A new genus (Gastropoda: Neritopsidae) from the Permian of west Texas

Upper Pennsylvanian Madera Fm., Jemez Hill north of Jemez State MonuVirgilian Neospirifer pattersoni, Composita Springs Sh. Mbr. ment, north-central New Mexico "subtilita", Linoproductus "prat(loc. 1, Sutherland and Harlow, tenianus" 1967, OM) Oread Lm., Heummader Coffey Co., Kansas, Waverly South Virgilian Composita subtilita, Neospirifer dunSh. Mbr. Quarry, /4 NW, 1/4 SW, Sec. 6, bari R17E, T19S LeCompton Lm., Beil Lm. Lecompton, Douglas Co., Kansas. Virgilian Composita subtilita, Derbyia bennetti Mbr., Shawnee Gr. Small quarry 1 mile east of Grover Station (loc. 1, Perkins et al., 1962, UK specimens 5670656748, 78930-78943) Topeka Lm., Curzon Lm. Coffey Co., Kansas (USGS 31970 Virgilian Composita, Neospirifer Mbr., Shawnee Gr. PC-PC, collections TWH 91-60, TWH 92-12) Topeka Lm., Coal Cr. Lm. Oskaloosa, Kansas (loc. 4835 UK., Virgilan Composita, Neospirifer dunbari Mbr., Shawnee Gr. specimens 34831-35106; 4616446204) Severy Shale, Sacfox subMeriden, Kansas (loc. 108 UK, specVirgilian Composita subtilita group imens 32523-32597)
Stereoselective Construction of β-Mannopyranosides by Anomeric O-Alkylation: Synthesis of the Trisaccharide Core of N-linked Glycans.

A new and efficient approach for direct and stereoselective synthesis of β-mannopyranosides by anomeric O-alkylation has been developed. This anomeric O-alkylation of mannopyranose-derived lactols is proposed to occur under synergistic control of a kinetic anomeric effect and metal chelation. The presence of a conformationally flexible C6 oxygen atom in the sugar-derived lactol donors is required for this anomeric O-alkylation to be efficient, probably because of its chelation with cesium ion. In contrast, the presence of a C2 oxygen atom plays a minor role. This glycosylation method has been successfully utilized for the synthesis of the trisaccharide core of complex N-linked glycans.
Evaluation of a photoelectric clot timer in the determination of the activated partial thromboplastin time.

Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) determinations on the Electra 600 were compared with APTT obtained by the standard manual method. There was no significant difference between the results with the Electra 600 and the manual method when APTT determinations in plasma samples containing various concentrations of factor VIII were compared. The coefficient of variation for the Electra was 4.56% and that for the manual method, 4.93%. The Electra 600 was sensitive to 13-14% factor VIII levels when Cephaloplastin was used as the activating agent.
The Age-related Positivity Effect and Tobacco Warning Labels.

Objectives This study tested whether age is a factor in viewing time for tobacco warning labels. The approach drew from previous work demonstrating an age-related positivity effect, whereby older adults show preferences toward positive and away from negative stimuli. Methods Participants were 295 daily smokers from Appalachian Ohio (age range: 21-68). All participants took part in an eye-tracking paradigm that captured the attention paid to elements of health warning labels in the context of magazine advertisements. Participants also reported on their past cessation attempts and their beliefs about the dangers of smoking. Results Consistent with theory on age-related positivity, older age predicted weaker beliefs about smoking risks, but only among those with no past-year quit attempts. In support of our primary hypothesis, older age was also related to a lower percentage of time spent viewing tobacco warning labels, both overall (text + image) and for the graphic image alone. These associations remained after controlling for cigarettes smoked per day. Conclusions Overall, findings suggest that age is an important consideration for the design of future graphic warning labels and other tobacco risk communications. For older adults, warning labels may need to be tailored to overcome the age-related positivity effect.
Data Dissemination in Mobile Social Networks with the Acknowledgment Feedback

Most existing dissemination schemes in Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) only consider the data dissemination. However, there are two types of messages: data and the control message (i.e., acknowledgment) in MSNs, and receiving acknowledgment is very important in many applications (e.g., the mobile trade and the incentive mechanism). In order to maximize the desired message delivery ratio, we have to identify the priority of each message in the network during the limited contact opportunity. Therefore, we propose a generic priority-based compare-split routing scheme, which proves to be the optimal buffer exchange strategy. During each contact opportunity, relays compare their forwarding abilities to different destinations based on two types of criteria: the contact probability and the social status. Ideally, each relay keeps the messages whose destinations meet the current relay frequently. Then, an adaptive priority-based exchange scheme, which considers the priority within each type of messages and the relative priority between two types of messages, is proposed to exchange the most benefit messages. The effectiveness of our scheme is verified through extensive simulations in synthetic and real traces.
Investigation and Analysis on Cold Chain Equipment of EPI in Qinghai Province

Objective To get a clear information of EPI cold chain equipment in Qinghai province so that to provide evidence for Expanded new vaccine integrated into EPI. Methods To investigate all the Cold chain equipment of EPI in 7 states(areas,cities)in Qinghai province in June 2007,mainly on kinds,quantity,capacity and application status. Results There were 8 refrigerator,49 vacine transportation vehicle,34 refrigeratory, 1360 fridges, and 211 ice boxes. Destroy rate of freeze and cold refreigerayor were 12%. There was the rule to keep the cold chain equipment working properly. The expense on cold chain equipment took up 2.8% of the EPF budget. Conclusions The Cold chain equipments is capable for support the national EPI running properly.
Muscle Function During Selected Weight-Bearing Activities in Adults with Knee Osteoarthritis- A Narrative Overview

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis, a highly disabling long-term health condition is often resistant to standard treatment approaches focused solely on pain relief. Potentially implicated as a factor in the disease process, muscle is often a recommended target for intervention to alleviate the disability. QUESTIONS : How much research has been conducted to support the role of muscle in the disease process? Are muscular responses during functional tasks altered among adults with knee joint osteoarthritis? Can a case be made for an association between muscle dysfunction during functional tasks and osteoarthritic joint damage at the knee? METHODS: Reports from major data bases aligned with this topic and extending from 1950-2016, were first examined to ascertain the extent to which muscle appears to have been examined as a potentially important correlate of knee joint osteoarthritis disability, in general. Data detailing muscle responses during weight-bearing tasks among knee osteoarthritis cases were then specifically examined. A narrative report was generated in light of the lack of any consistency in the available studies. RESULTS: There is a substantive literature that has focused on muscle structural and function and their relationship to osteoarthritis disability, but most studies did not examine muscle function relative to functional weight-bearing activities. Among the latter, while there is some consensus that muscles around the osteoarthritic knee function differently in some cases from those of the healthy knee, it is not clear whether this alteration is protective or pathological. CONCLUSION: Although all forms of muscle associated interventions appear to produce more favorable outcomes than not in this cohort, more work on what aspects of muscle function should be targeted is desirable in efforts to drive more efficacious treatment and preventive practices, and clearly requires some unifying hypothesis or framework to guide the desired research.
Technical communique: On the design of feedback control for relative stability

A basic theorem on relative stability is generalized and carefully interpreted. Two new theorems are then presented which simplify the calculation of feedback gains to achieve a prescribed damping ratio.
Wide Variability in Emergency Physician Admission Rates: A Target to Reduce Costs Without Compromising Quality.

Author(s): Richman, MD, MPH, Mark J.; Guterman, MD, MS, Jeffrey J.; Lundberg, MD, Scott R.; Talan, MD, David A.; Gross-Schulman, MD, MPH, Sandra G.; Wang, MS, Chien-Ju; Scheib, BS, Geoffrey P. | Abstract: Introduction: Attending physician judgment is the traditional standard of care for emergency department (ED) admission decisions. The extent to which variability in admission decisions affect cost and quality is not well understood. We sought to determine the impact of variability in admission decisions on cost and quality. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study of patients presenting to a university-affiliated, urban ED from October 1, 2007, through September 30, 2008. The main outcome measures were admission rate, fiscal indicators (Medicaid-denied payment days), and quality indicators (15- and 30-day ED returns; delayed hospital admissions). We asked each attending to estimate his/her inpatient admission rate and correlated his personal assessment with actual admission rates.Results: Admission rates, even after adjusting for known confounders, were highly variable (15.2%-32.0%) and correlated with Medicaid denied-payment day rates (p=0.038). There was no correlation with quality outcome measures (30-day ED return or delayed hospital admission). There was no significant correlation between actual and self-described admission rate; the range of mis-estimation was 0% to 117%.Conclusion: Emergency medicine attending admission rates at this institution are highly variable, unexplained by known confounding variables, and unrelated to quality of care, as measured by 30-day ED return or delayed hospital admission. Admission optimization represents an important untapped potential for cost reduction through avoidable hospitalizations, with no apparent adverse effects on quality. [West JEmerg Med. 2016;17(5)561-566.]
Synthesis of a 1,3-Bridged Macrobicyclic Enyne via Chemoselective Cycloisomerization Using Palladium-Catalyzed Alkyne-Alkyne Coupling.

A unique intramolecular Pd-catalyzed alkyne–alkyne coupling is presented. This transformation generates a strained, 1,3-bridged, macrocyclic enyne. The process was readily executed on gram scale, and the structure of the product was elucidated via X-ray crystallographic analysis. A mechanistic rationale for the observed chemoselectivity is provided.
Wiz Kids: An Exploration of Pedagogy in the World of Harry Potter, from Remus Lupin’s Differentiated Reconstructionism to Dolores Umbridge’s Discipline-Focused Essentialism

The enchanted campus of Hogwarts presents the professional educator with a virtual teaching lab. In the Harry Potter films the Hogwarts classrooms vividly mirror the varied pedagogic approaches and philosophies of teaching found in real world schools. Hogwarts’ instructional methods range from Aristotelian Essentialism to experimental Constructivism, a self-directed educational approach in which students identify and develop their own personal and academic interests, to high-pressure inquiry-based learning, explained and exemplified by the theories and methodologies developed by scholars such as John Dewey, Jean Piaget Paulo Freire, and Lev Vygotsky. Hogwarts’ students are exposed to lecture-filled History of Magic classes, homework-heavy Arithmancy and don’t-touch-the-gryffon-before-you-get-his-permission fieldwork. Just as educational ideologies have been developed to address the issues and meet the needs of real-world societies, Hogwarts, like the real world that is a testing ground for these conflicting ideologies to be applied, must allow these methodologies’ results to play out so that the most effective of them can survive and spread their influence.
Deep Learning Tissue Segmentation in Cardiac Histopathology Images

Abstract Cardiac biopsies are obtained for the diagnosis of acute heart failure as well as post-heart-transplant rejection. On histology, both are characterized by an expansion of the cellular and acellular stromal tissue as well as morphologic changes within myocytes, among other features. There is growing evidence, from a number of diseases, that computer-extracted features of tissue and nuclear architecture are not only useful for diagnostics, but can also predict disease recurrence, progression, and patient outcome. Automated tools to segment myocytes and stroma with high fidelity are a critical first step toward developing predictive models to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and reproducibility in cardiac pathology. Whole-slide imaging in digital pathology is producing large, rich data sets for machine learning algorithms that learn features representations directly from data, such as deep neural networks or “deep learning”. Deep learning has achieved state of the art performance in computer vision and is becoming ubiquitous within the realm of digital pathology. Here, we present a deep learning framework for myocyte and stroma segmentation in H&E stained cardiac biopsies using a data set of 103 patients with clinical heart failure or non-heart failure controls. We provide a tutorial for how to use the AlexNet architecture, implemented in Caffe, to train a pixel-level classifier for segmentation. We compare the performance of our deep learning approach to a random forest classifier with 333 intensity and texture features and test on 20 held-out patient images with expert ground-truth annotation of tissue boundaries. We find our deep learning segmentation outperforms random forests in terms of mean (a) AUC (0.95 vs 0.80), (b) F-score (0.96 vs 0.91), (c) TPR (0.96 vs 0.92), (d) TNR (0.94 vs 0.67), and (e) modified Hausdorff distance on the segmentation perimeter pixels (51 vs 122).