cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal and Social Reconciliation: Finding Congruence in African Theological Anthropology

Western scholars studying post-conflict truth and reconciliation commissions often presuppose a sharp divide between interpersonal and social forgiveness and reconciliation. This leads some to question and critique commissions that seek to promote forgiveness and reconciliation at both the interpersonal and the social levels. This project contends that the problem these scholars perceive may be based upon a dichotomy between the individual and the community that is absent in communitarian cultures. African theological anthropologies based on the notions of palaver and ubuntu illustrate that the human person is profoundly formed and preserved by the community, which sustains the individual through the promotion of certain ethical standards. In this context, expressions of interpersonal forgiveness and reconciliation have social ramifications. Cross-cultural discussion with African theologians thus re-situates this debate. African theological anthropology demonstrates the congruence among interpersonal and social expressions of forgiveness and reconciliation based in the community's commitment to the common good.
Negro Registration in Louisiana

The 1944 action of the Supreme Court voiding the white primary ended the last effective legal block to Negro voter registration in the South. After that, resort to legal steps to block Negro registration was either outlawed by the courts or else could only be a delaying device. In the state of Louisiana, however, the decision in Smith v. Allwright did not result in Negro registration comparable to white registration. In 1956, twelve years later, 30 percent of the potential Negro voting population was registered, compared to 73 percent of the whites. This study is an investigation of some factors in that discrepancy, and in particular, of the differences in registration between Catholic and Protestant areas. An important characteristic of Negro registration in Louisiana is the extreme range of variation to be found among the several parishes. Table I shows 17 parishes with fewer than 20 percent of the eligible Negroes registered, and 11 parishes with 70 percent or more of the potential Negro vote registered. Therefore, the statewide "average" percentage of Negro registration' has little meaning without more detailed interpretation.
Biochemical screen to investigate whole smoke and vapor phase effects in mice.

Mouse lung tissue exposed to cigarette smoke was used to determine dry weight, oxygen consumption, glycogen, lactate, ribose, DNA, and RNA. Two smoking machines provided either whole body or head exposure and permitted comparison of whole smoke with vapor phase. Dry weights of lung tissue increased in mice undergoing whole body exposure to whole smoke but not when vapor phase was used. Whole smoke induced an elevation in lung glycogen, lactate, and DNA without alteration in oxygen uptake, ribose, and RNA. Vapor phase increased DNA and decreased lung lactate. Nucleic acid levels and oxygen consumption were unchanged in liver tissue but glycogen stores were markedly reduced by whole smoke and not by vapor phase. The effects on carbohydrate metabolism may reflect a general stress reaction while DNA alterations suggest a hyperplasia response and macrophage infiltration.
Parallel Hierarchical Unstructured Mesh Generation with General Cutting

In order to solve modern CFD problems, a robust parallel mesh generation process is created using MPI to allow for complicated geometries, rapid generation of meshes, and increased flexibility with spacing and mesh type. The program allows users to generate meshes in two dimensions, which then may be extruded to three dimensions, using any watertight geometry that is created by a CAD program. This procedure uses Quadtree refinement of a Cartesian root cell and general cutting to create both fully triangular, Delaunay, and hybrid meshes. Multiple cases were run to test the robustness of the algorithm including a two-dimensional NACA 0012 airfoil and a two-dimensional mapping of the Gulf of Mexico. Results from these cases are discussed as well as the current and future scalability and load-balancing of P_HUGG2D based on various parallel programming metrics.
The Myth of Left-Wing Authoritarianism

The authors of The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno, et al., 1950), armed with the modern tools of psychoanalysis as well as ancient knowledge of scapegoating, reported an extensive series of investigations into the psychological roots of fascism. The book's basic thesis was that antisemitism and prejudice toward outgoups, collectively designated ethnocentrism, is basic to the fascism-prone personality. Further, the authors believed that a multifaceted approach, based upon psychoanalytic understandings of personality, could
Beyond polarization: the holistic approach to family practice.

A merger of two social work agencies is described and some of the complexities and possibilities involved in the integration process are discussed. The implementation of a holistic practice model h...
Variable Response of a Thermally Tuned MEMS Pressure Sensor

Abstract A typical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensor consists of a thin, deformable membrane and sensing element such as a piezoresistive element which is used to measure the amount of deflection in response to an applied pressure. Previous efforts demonstrated that buckled membranes, from silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers, can be thermally tuned via joule heating. By applying heat to the membrane through a resistive heating element, compressive stress is induced in the membrane causing it to buckle further out of plane and increasing its overall stiffness response. It is demonstrated that by increasing the stiffness of the membrane, the response to an increase in pressure can be varied and its overall sensitivity to pressure can be reduced by up to 62%.
The Walter C. Randall Lecture. Facing the dark side: research misconduct and strategies to improve self regulation.

We know from major scandals in the recent past that many professions have been severely and adversely affected when our society recognized large lapses in ethical standards. Unfortunately, each profession has suffered from members who knew about fraudulent or other highly problematic behaviors, but who contributed to cover-ups such that the public remained unaware of the problem. They hoped that a pretense of normality and denial could be successfully sustained. When the dam has burst on various occasions, the public has learned not only about an ethical lapse in question at the time, but also that the professions’ leaders had foreknowledge and awareness, yet had not taken appropriate and needed action. It is small wonder that the public in these instances is outraged in the face of what appears to be a total and complete failure in selfregulation. The purpose of this paper is first to examine available data on research misconduct, and second to explore whether there is reason to suspect that scientists might be operating with pretense and denial. Do these indicators reflect an early harbinger as we have seen in other professions? Thus, throughout this abbreviated review of social science research on research misconduct, I will raise questions about the effectiveness of self regulation. I also will discuss two essential strategies that can be applied to prevent misconduct, promote integrity and build professional self-regulation, supervision, and whistleblower protection. The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) has collected data for the last 18 years on research misconduct cases that are reported to the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) by universities. ORI does not seek and discover cases, but rather provides oversight and
Pulmonary Hypertension Overlap Syndromes: A Real Entity?

The most widely accepted classification of pulmonary hypertension (PH) has relied on a series of conferences termed the World Symposia on Pulmonary Hypertension. The first World Symposia on Pulmonary Hypertension took place in 1973 in Geneva, Switzerland [(1)][1], under the auspices of the World
Group 5 Pulmonary Hypertension: The Orphan’s Orphan Disease

Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disorder with multiple etiologies; the World Health Organization classification system divides pulmonary hypertension patients into 5 groups based on the underlying cause and mechanism. Group 5 pulmonary hypertension is a heterogeneous group of diseases that encompasses pulmonary hypertension secondary to multifactorial mechanisms. For many of the diseases, the true incidence, etiology, and treatment remain uncertain. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of many of the group 5 pulmonary hypertension disease states.
Assemble‐to‐Order Inventory Management via Stochastic Programming: Chained BOMs and the M‐System

We study an inventory management mechanism that uses two stochastic programs (SPs), the customary one-period Assemble-to-Order (ATO) model and its relaxation, to conceive control policies for dynamic ATO systems. We introduce a class of ATO systems, those that possess what we call a ‘chained BOM’. We prove that having a chained BOM is a sufficient condition for both SPs to be L convex in the first-stage decision variables. We show by examples the necessity of the condition. For ATO systems with a chained BOM, our result implies that the optimal integer solutions of the SPs can be found efficiently, and thus expedites the calculation of control parameters. The M system is a representative chained BOM system with two components and three products. We show that in this special case, the SPs can be solved as a one-stage optimization problem. The allocation policy can also be reduced to simple, intuitive instructions, of which there are four distinct sets, one for each of four different parameter regions. We highlight the need for component reservation in one of these four regions. Our numerical studies demonstrate that achieving asymptotic optimality represents a significant advantage of the SP-based approach over alternative approaches. Our numerical comparisons also show that outside of the asymptotic regime, the SP-based approach has commanding lead over the alternative policies. Our findings indicate that the SP-based approach is a promising inventory management strategy that warrants further development for more general systems and practical implementations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Cross-correlating 2D and 3D galaxy surveys

Galaxy surveys probe both structure formation and the expansion rate, making them promising avenues for understanding the dark universe. Photometric surveys accurately map the 2D distribution of galaxy positions and shapes in a given redshift range, while spectroscopic surveys provide sparser 3D maps of the galaxy distribution. We present a way to analyse overlapping 2D and 3D maps jointly and without loss of information. We represent 3D maps using spherical Fourier-Bessel (sFB) modes, which preserve radial coverage while accounting for the spherical sky geometry, and we decompose 2D maps in a spherical harmonic basis. In these bases, a simple expression exists for the cross-correlation of the two fields. One very powerful application is the ability to simultaneously constrain the redshift distribution of the photometric sample, the sample biases, and cosmological parameters. We use our framework to show that combined analysis of DESI and LSST can improve cosmological constraints by factors of $\ensuremath{\sim}1.2$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}1.8$ on the region where they overlap relative to identically sized disjoint regions. We also show that in the overlap of DES and SDSS-III in Stripe 82, cross-correlating improves photo-$z$ parameter constraints by factors of $\ensuremath{\sim}2$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}12$ over internal photo-$z$ reconstructions.
Satellite Bhānds: The Playful Outsiders

Against the blatant exclusions of the bhānd in legitimate theatre, began a resurgence of the bhānd in Pakistan’s young satellite television industry. In the cacophonic media atmosphere of clashing social, political and cultural ideologies that accompanied the democracy of the Pakistan People’s Party government (2008–2013), an abundance of bhānd-like characters drawn from the popular theatre were introduced into news talk show formats. This chapter analyses Hasb-e-Haal (2008–) as a prototype for the satellite bhānd phenomena in its pairing of the bhānd and the ‘straight’ journalist. While these comic characters were arguably intended variously as a device for comic relief or oppositional satire, the bhānd ventures further, using his outsider status to playfully challenge ideological binaries and release multiple perspectives on the news.
A novel jig arm to measure tibial plateau angle during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy

Objective To determine the ability of a novel device attached to the proximal tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) jig pin to accurately predict intraoperative change in tibial plateau angle (TPA). Study design In vitro cadaveric study. Sample population Left hindlimbs of adult dogs (n = 9). Methods A modified Slocum tibial plateau leveling (TPL) jig with the Rotational Osteotomy Measuring Arm (ROMA) was placed on the tibia and a radial TPLO osteotomy was performed. Based on preoperative radiographic TPA measurements, the proximal segment was rotated using the traditional method of marking points on the osteotomy a specified distance apart. After rotation, the predicted TPA was recorded based on the ROMA. Postoperative TPA was measured on radiographs. The ability of the ROMA to predict postoperative TPA was compared to that of the traditional method. Results The average final TPA achieved with the traditional method was 6.4° (range, 3.0-10.0°). The ROMA predicted a final TPA of 5.8° (range, 3.8-10.1°). No significant difference was found between the TPA predicted based on the traditional method and ROMA method. Conclusion The ROMA may be an alternative to the traditional method of measuring proximal segment rotation during TPLO procedure. Clinical relevance Performing a TPLO with the ROMA may accurately predict the postoperative TPA while eliminating the need for measuring chord length, making reference marks, or referencing TPA charts for various osteotomy blade sizes.
Liquid Microjet Measurements of the Entry of Organic Acids and Bases into Salty Water

We explore collisions of hydrogen-bonding molecules with salty water using gas–microjet scattering experiments. Two aqueous solutions, 8 molal (m) LiBr/H2O and ∼4 m K2SO3/H2O at 253 K were exposed to seven organic gases representing different functional groups. These gases comprise weak acids (formic and acetic), weak bases (dimethylamine and piperidine), and an alcohol, ether, and ester (ethanol, dimethyl ether, and methyl formate). The scattering experiments are used to monitor the disappearance of each gas into the aqueous solutions over a ∼100 μs observation time. They demonstrate that formic acid and piperidine disappear into both solutions on almost every collision. Dimers of formic and acetic acid are also captured by the solutions on every collision, despite their pre-existing double hydrogen bonds. The methylene ring of piperidine, (CH2)5NH, also does not interfere with uptake. At the opposite extreme, methyl formate and dimethyl ether are so weakly soluble that they evaporate completely within t...
Complete delocalization in a defective periodic structure

We report on the existence of stable, completely delocalized response regimes in a nonlinear defective periodic structure. In this state of complete delocalization, despite the presence of the defect, the system exhibits in-phase oscillation of all units with the same amplitude. This elimination of defect-borne localization may occur in both the free and forced responses of the system. In the absence of external driving, the localized defect mode becomes completely delocalized at a certain energy level. In the case of a damped-driven system, complete delocalization may be realized if the driving amplitude is beyond a certain threshold. We demonstrate this phenomenon numerically in a linear periodic structure with one and two defective units possessing a nonlinear restoring force. We derive closed-form analytical expressions for the onset of complete delocalization, and we discuss the necessary conditions for its occurrence.
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis: A Single Center Retrospective Study

The aim of the present retrospective study was to investigate the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pediatric anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis. A total of 23 pediatric patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis were included in the present study. The clinical data, laboratory test results, imaging examination, treatment outcomes, and follow-up records were reviewed and analyzed. A total of 8 patients exhibited prodromal symptoms, including fever, cough, and vomiting. Clinical symptoms included epilepsy, convulsions, ataxia, coma, dyskinesia, personal behavior change and hallucinations. A total of 20 cases had the initial neurologic symptoms of dyskinesia or seizure, whereas 3 cases exhibited psychiatric symptoms of personal behavior change and hallucinations. Furthermore, pediatric patients >6 years old had more psychiatric symptoms than those ≤6 years. A total of 20 cases exhibited abnormal electroencephalography records, with 1 case of extreme δ brush. A total of 10 cases exhibited abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging detection. Furthermore, the CSF protein contents for pediatric patients ≤6 years old was significantly higher than those >6 years. For treatment, 18 pediatric patients received the first-line treatment of methylprednisone and intravenous injection of immunoglobulin, and 6 cases were subjected to the second-line treatment of rituximab. A total of 2 patients underwent plasma exchange and/or cyclophosphamide treatment. In follow-up, 12 cases reported no convulsion, whereas 11 cases had moderate or severe neurological and psychiatric sequelae. The recovery rate for pediatric patients ≤6 years old was significantly higher than those >6 years. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is commonly seen in pediatric patients, mainly with initial neurological symptoms. These patients could respond to immunotherapy, and younger pediatric patients typically have a better prognosis.
Risk and Return in an Electronic Market: An Examination of Investments in Online Rare Coin Auctions Over a Short Horizon

Collectables are often considered as an alternative to stocks for investing. Technological advancements have facilitated collectible investment, allowing information to be transferred worldwide between millions of investors in electronic markets such as online auctions. This research examines the behaviors of these electronic market investors, especially as they compare to traditional stock market investors. This research examines risk and returns in 13,263 auctions involving 755 distinct rare coins collected over 128 days. While stock investors typically ignore risk that can be eliminated through diversification, this research finds evidence that collectible investors who trade in online auctions do not consider diversification over short horizons, but rather they their bid levels include diversifiable risk adjustments, supporting a contention that typical online auction collectible investors view collectibles as stand-alone assets, differing from typical the stock investor’s perspective that diversifiable risk can be ignored when an investment is added to a collection or portfolio.
An automated software design methodology using CAPO

Software design is the process which decomposes a set of requirement specifications into certain basic elements and partitions these decomposed specifications into modules. In this paper, important...
Trust in Physicians and Medical Experience Beliefs Differ Between Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Context Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) report dissatisfaction with their early medical care. Little is understood about factors that can encourage stronger patient-provider relationships and promote treatment adherence. Objective To compare trust in physicians and beliefs about social support from health care providers between women with and without PCOS. Design Cross-sectional study with online questionnaire. Setting Medical clinic referral or broader community recruitment via advertising and websites. Participants Three hundred thirty-two US-based women with PCOS or with regular menses (n = 134 and n = 198, respectively). Main Outcome Measures Trust and social support toward health care providers [primary care physicians (PCPs), specialists, and/or nurse practitioners and physician assistants]. Results PCOS was associated with greater distrust in the PCP's opinion (P < 0.01) and greater confidence about the PCP's prioritization of general health concerns (P = 0.04) than the comparison group. Patients with PCOS felt that the PCP spent less effort and were less qualified to treat PCOS health concerns than general health concerns (both P < 0.001). No significant associations were observed between PCOS diagnosis and trust in specialists. When examining social support, women with PCOS felt they had more arguments with their health care providers than the comparison group (P = 0.02). Conclusion Women with PCOS reported greater overall distrust in the PCP's opinions and more arguments with their health care providers than women without PCOS. These findings support a need to identify additional areas of improvement in the patient-provider relationship to ensure continuity of care for patients with PCOS who require life-long surveillance.
The Dust Exposome

Contact with indoor dust has been shown to be an important source of contaminant exposure in humans. The composition of dust and its associated contaminants varies by a number of factors including location, nearby objects, and activities. Indoor locations that contain furniture, appliances, and other electronic goods produce dust enriched with chemical additives used in the manufacturing process. Classes of chemicals commonly found in dust include plasticizers, perfluorocarbons, flame retardants, lubricants, and metals used in electronics, batteries, power supplies, and imaging devices. Other types of hazardous chemicals associated with dust are contaminants that are formed after burning or combustion. These include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated and brominated PAHs, halogenated dioxins, and dibenzofurans. These contaminants are established components of dust and are frequently the focus of environmental monitoring efforts. However, nontargeted chemical analysis of some workplace dust suggests the presence of other organic and inorganic compounds, which remain to be characterized. In addition, many of these contaminants are environmentally persistent and bioaccumulate in seafood and other types of food, complicating exposure assessments and the importance of dust as an exposure source. However, recent research has begun to identify differences in the contaminant profiles between dust and food that can allow better source appointment for some classes such as PBDEs.
Image transmission across a nonchiral/chiral boundary based on dispersive Fresnel coefficients

Fresnel coefficients for LCP/RCP modes are computed for s-polarized wave transmission across an achiral/chiral interface. In this work, 2D image transmission and recovery is examined using dispersive dielectric parameters, PCM encoding and discrete sideband analysis.
Seeding fiber amplifiers with piecewise parabolic phase modulation for high SBS thresholds and compact spectra

We propose using piecewise parabolic phase modulation of the seed laser for suppressing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a fiber amplifier. Simulations are run with a 9 m passive fiber. Compared with random phase modulation and 0-π pseudo-random phase modulation, the piecewise parabolic phase waveform yields a higher SBS threshold per unit bandwidth. If the bandwidth is defined as the range of frequencies containing 85% of the total power, the threshold for parabolic phase modulation is 1.4 times higher than the threshold for the five- or seven-bit pseudo-random modulation format. If the bandwidth is defined more tightly, e.g., the range of frequencies containing 95% of the total power, the threshold for parabolic phase modulation is three times higher. For both cases, achieving a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz requires a maximum phase shift of ~30 radians. All of the waveforms are compared on the basis of the bandwidth required of the phase moduator. The coherence functions are calculated in order to compare their suitability for coherent combining.
Salivary Exosomes as Nanocarriers for Cancer Biomarker Delivery

Human saliva is an ideal body fluid for developing non-invasive diagnostics. Saliva contains naturally-occurring nanoparticles with unique structural and biochemical characteristics. The salivary exosome, a nanoscale extracellular vesicle, has been identified as a highly informative nanovesicle with clinically-relevant information. Salivary exosomes have brought forth a pathway and mechanism by which cancer-derived biomarkers can be shuttled through the systemic circulation into the oral cavity. Despite such clinical potential, routine and reliable analyses of exosomes remain challenging due to their small sizes. Characterization of individual exosome nanostructures provides critical data for understanding their pathophysiological condition and diagnostic potential. In this review, we summarize a current array of discovered salivary biomarkers and nanostructural properties of salivary exosomes associated with specific cancers. In addition, we describe a novel electrochemical sensing technology, EFIRM (electric field-induced release and measurement), that advances saliva liquid biopsy, covering the current landscape of point-of-care saliva testing.
Parkinson's disease-linked D620N VPS35 knockin mice manifest tau neuropathology and dopaminergic neurodegeneration.

Mutations in the vacuolar protein sorting 35 ortholog (VPS35) gene represent a cause of late-onset, autosomal dominant familial Parkinson’s disease (PD). A single missense mutation, D620N, is considered pathogenic based upon its segregation with disease in multiple families with PD. At present, the mechanism(s) by which familial VPS35 mutations precipitate neurodegeneration in PD are poorly understood. Here, we employ a germline D620N VPS35 knockin (KI) mouse model of PD to formally establish the age-related pathogenic effects of the D620N mutation at physiological expression levels. Our data demonstrate that a heterozygous or homozygous D620N mutation is sufficient to reproduce key neuropathological hallmarks of PD as indicated by the progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal pathway dopaminergic neurons and widespread axonal pathology. Unexpectedly, endogenous D620N VPS35 expression induces robust tau-positive somatodendritic pathology throughout the brain as indicated by abnormal hyperphosphorylated and conformation-specific tau, which may represent an important and early feature of mutant VPS35-induced neurodegeneration in PD. In contrast, we find no evidence for α-synuclein–positive neuropathology in aged VPS35 KI mice, a hallmark of Lewy body pathology in PD. D620N VPS35 expression also fails to modify the lethal neurodegenerative phenotype of human A53T-α-synuclein transgenic mice. Finally, by crossing VPS35 KI and null mice, our data demonstrate that a single D620N VPS35 allele is sufficient for survival and early maintenance of dopaminergic neurons, indicating that the D620N VPS35 protein is fully functional. Our data raise the tantalizing possibility of a pathogenic interplay between mutant VPS35 and tau for inducing neurodegeneration in PD.
Antihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists)

Abstract Antihistamines are commonly used around the world for a variety of conditions. Given their high prevalence of use, an understanding of their adverse effects is essential. This chapter reviews publications describing adverse reactions to H1 antihistamines published from January 2017 to December 2018 and covers the following drugs: azelastine, bilastine, cetirizine, cyproheptadine, desloratadine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, flunarizine, hydroxyzine, ketotifen, levocetirizine, and pheniramine.
The Intersection of Service and Sales: The Increased Importance of Ambidexterity:

Blurring roles in the front line are changing how many organizations interact with their customers. Whereas frontline employees were tasked with functional roles of service or selling, an increased...
Quality challenger emergence under the top-two primary: Comparing one-party and two-party general election contests

Abstract Prior research finds that the emergence of a quality challenger is one of the most important factors predicting whether incumbents will be vulnerable. Reformers in California and Washington envisioned that the top-two primary reform would increase electoral competition by allowing for general election contests that feature two same-party candidates in safe districts. In this research note, I investigate the degree to which these expectations have been fulfilled by looking at the prevalence of quality challengers in U.S. House contests. I compare one-party and two-party general election contests, finding that incumbents are significantly more likely to face a quality challenger from the same party than from the opposite party, all else equal. In contrast, when both states used traditional primaries prior to reform, incumbents were no more likely to face a quality challenger in the primary election than in the general election. Findings reveal a key way in which the top-two primary may fulfill reformers’ expectations and complement our understanding of how electoral institutions condition challenger entry decisions.
Access Under Attack: Some Examples from the Field

This chapter details the wave of attacks on PEG, which began to increase after the 1996 communications act, and the Denver decision on obscene programming, and which stepped up around the year 2000. These include funding cuts, attempts to censor programs, removal of operators, reductions of or commercialization of services, and elimination of access channels with retention of government access channels. These are interpreted as the result of neoliberal governance, which has less respect for public goods and public debate, and the effects of the artificial austerity created by neoliberal fiscal policies. In addition, the declining influence of lobbying groups like the Community Media Association and changing philosophies at the state and the federal level are discussed. In the most recent FCC survey of information needs, PEG channels are little more than information services and their public forum status is practically eliminated.
Mobility of Ba, Sr, Se and As under simulated conditions of produced water injection in dolomite

Abstract The volume of petroleum produced water (PPW) has increased dramatically over the last decade. PPWs are rich in salts and often contain high concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements such as Barium (Ba), Strontium (Sr), Selenium (Se), and Arsenic (As) which, under the right circumstances, may contaminate freshwater supplies. To avoid these issues, PPW is frequently disposed of in subsurface aquifers such as the dolomitic Arbuckle Group in the state of Oklahoma, USA. This may not be a permanent solution if the injected PPW migrates within the disposal sites to ultimately reach conductive fault zones and/or existing wells with casing and/or cementing failures. In these cases the water could pose an environmental risk to potable groundwater. In order to understand the mobility of these elements under conditions similar to produced water injection, we conducted a series of batch sorption experiments. We investigated the effect of brine salinity and temperature on the sorption of Ba, Sr, Se, and As by dolomite. The results revealed that the sorption of the tested elements on dolomite did not substantially change with increasing salinity from 18 to 90 g/L. However, the sorption for all elements did increase with increasing temperature from 22 to 150 °C. This is likely due to a combination of strong surface complexation or ion exchange reactions coupled with precipitation/co-precipitation on the dolomite mineral surfaces.
174-OR: Budget Impact Analysis (BIA) Comparing Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT-CGM) with Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) for all U.S. Medicaid Enrollees with Type 1 Diabetes

A BIA was performed comparing clinical cost offsets for rt-CGM compared with SMBG for U.S. Medicaid enrollees with type 1 diabetes (T1D) over one year. Clinical effects for HbA1c reduction using rt-CGM (-1.0%) and SMBG (-0.4%) were taken from the DIAMOND randomized controlled trial, converted into an economic benefit, and inflated ($U.S. 2019). Reduced hospitalization rates for severe hypoglycemia (SH; -73%) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA; -80%) were taken from the RESCUE trial, a Belgian observational cohort study, where SMBG was used in the year prior to countrywide rt-CGM reimbursement and outcomes tracked for one year. Estimated cost savings for HbA1c reduction (low and high), SH and DKA hospitalizations were taken from published literature and inflated ($U.S. 2019). We tested various ranges of pricing for rt-CGM and SMBG. Switching all U.S. Medicaid enrollees with T1D from SMBG to rt-CGM would result in an estimated 51,796 and 21,253 fewer SH and DKA hospitalizations, respectively, per year. Applying the clinical cost offsets against the added cost for rt-CGM over SMBG resulted in cost savings in most scenarios. Our modelling study demonstrates the substantial clinical and economic benefits using rt-CGM over SMBG in all U.S. Medicaid enrollees with T1D. Disclosure M.E. Minshall: Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc. J.J. Isitt: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. C. Graham: Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc., DreaMed Diabetes. P.M. Lynch: Employee; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc. Funding Dexcom, Inc.
Flat Meta-Lens Antenna Synthesis Via Geometrical Optics and Particle Swarm Optimization

A customized numerical synthesis algorithm for the design of flat meta-lens antennas is presented. The algorithm is based on a linkage between Geometrical Optics (GO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The presented technique, which was previously applied for the design of shaped inhomogeneous lens antennas, is now applied to synthesize flat meta-lens antennas. It is general enough to synthesize the inhomogeneity of a flat meta-lens for any desired aperture phase with circular symmetry. An example of an on-axis fed flat meta-lens optimized for uniform aperture phase is presented. Another flat meta-lens is synthesized based on the assumption of previous works that the ray path is straight within the volume of the lens. Full-wave simulation results for the two lenses demonstrate the superior performance of the optimized flat meta-lens and validate the algorithm.
Accuracy of Time Duration Estimations in Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays (VR HMDs) offer highly immersive experiences that may alter users’ awareness and perception of the “real-world”. This paper investigates users’ perception of s...
Optimal Shape Adjustment of Large High-Precision Cable Network Structures

Traditional shape adjustment methods for large high-precision cable network structures usually use many actuators and are only applicable to predictable shape distortions. To this end, a new method...
Multi-scale fallow land dynamics in a water-scarce basin of the U.S. Southwest

Improving our understanding of land-use change is critical for water management in semi-arid areas, due to its effects on the hydrological cycle. In the U.S. Southwest, fallowing farmland has becom...
Impact of Patients’ Income on Cost and Charge of Intracranial Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction Hospitalization (P3.043)

Objective: Although few previous literature has assessed effects of patients’ socioeconomic status (SES) on clinical outcome, we aimed to evaluate the impact of patients’ income on cost and charge of the hospitals. Background: Intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction (ICH/CI), as two main causes of stroke, have been estimated to become sixth leading cause of disability adjusted life years lost by 2030. Given the high socio-clinical burden of ICH/CI, study of disparities in patients’ income and its impact on financial aspects of ICH/CI seems warranted. Design/Methods: Utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we retrospectively obtained the demographic and median income of the residential ZIP code, as an indicator of SES, of discharged patients with the diagnose of ICH/CI (MS-DRG 66) from 2008 to 2013 in the United States by computer-assisted search. Year-wise distribution of mean charge, mean cost, and cost-to-charge ratio were determined and, the comparison was made between lower than median income for zip code (L-group) and, equal or higher than median income for zip code (NL -group). Results: Of 835839 total ICH/CI discharges, 71.3% and 28.7% were in NL- and L-groups respectively. Mean hospital cost in NL-group was significantly higher than L-group in 2008-2013 ($7322 ± 103 vs. $6857 ± 158, p value = 0.01). Mean charge was significantly higher for NL-group in comparison to L-group hospitalizations in 2008–2013($25222 ± 572 vs. $23140 ± 788, p value = 0.04). Cost-to-charge ratio demonstrated significant decrease in NL-group (31.33% to 27.02%) and L-group (33.44% to 26.69%) (p values Conclusions: Overall, during study period, hospital charge and cost of ICH/CI were higher in NL-group than L-group with the cost-to-charge ratio decreasing in both groups. Although healthcare policy makers and managers will find this information beneficial for further planning, dedicated studies to investigate the etiology of differences and their relations to clinical outcomes are required. Disclosure: Dr. Elliott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fahimi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Seifi has nothing to disclose.
eBUX of OERs for PTC: Student and Faculty eBook User Experiences (eBUX) of Open Educational Resources (OERs) for Professional and Technical Communication (PTC)

This report analyzes the digital/electronic textbook user experience (eBUX) of web-based open educational resources (OERs) for professional and technical communication (PTC). Data and information were gathered from students enrolled in introductory PTC courses (with IRB oversight and input from faculty and writing program directors) via online surveys (Google Forms), collaborative documents (Google Docs), remote interviews (Zoom), learning management system analytics (Desire2Learn), workshop documentation (pre-pandemic), and email correspondence. User research revealed issues of use and usability with web-based open-access PTC textbooks related to functional specifications, content requirements, interface and interaction design, information architecture, navigation, and aesthetics. The conclusion discusses the evolution of digital OERs for PTC over the past quarter century and reflects on their future.
Pediatric Laparoscopic Gastrostomy with T-Fasteners: A Technique to Decrease Surgical Site Infection

Introduction: Laparoscopic gastrostomy (LG) is a popular technique for establishing long-term enteral access in children. During LG, there are several methods available to create a secure gastropexy, including the subcuticular (SC) and T-fastener (TF) techniques. The purpose of this study is to compare local wound infections between these two techniques. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all pediatric patients …
Revalidation of an Evidence-Based Practice Scale for Social Work.

The purpose of this study was to revalidate an existing measure of knowledge, attitudes, and use of evidence-based practice (EBP) developed for medical students. Adapted to reflect social work, questionnaires were obtained from undergraduate and graduate social work students (n = 134) and field instructors (n = 50). All 4 factors (21 items) related to EBP (knowledge, attitude, personal use, and future use) showed good reliability, and overall reliability was .86. MSW students rated their knowledge and use of EBP significantly higher than BSW students and field instructors did, but the groups were similar on attitudes and future use of EBP. The Knowledge, Attitudes, Behavior Scale questionnaire is a useful tool for social work programs that can be used to monitor the impact of EBP curricular efforts.
Some Nonlinear Systems

Before developing the theory for systems of conservation laws, it is useful to have some specific examples in mind. In this chapter we will derive some systems of conservation laws.
Lipid modification of bacterial prolipoprotein. Transfer of diacylglyceryl moiety from phosphatidylglycerol.

The peptide, MKATKLVLGAVILGSTLLAGCSSN, corresponding to the N-terminal 24 amino acids of Braun's prolipoprotein, was used to study the lipid modification of prolipoprotein in Escherichia coli by measuring the rate of incorporation of either [2-3H]glycerol or [9,10-3H]palmitate from the corresponding labeled phosphatidylglycerol into the peptide. Using E. coli strains containing varying levels of prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl modification activities due to mutations in or overexpression of the gene involved in diacylglyceryl modification (lgt), we have shown that the activities based on the peptide assay correlated well with the prolipoprotein-based assay. Further, we have followed the fate of the lipid substrate, phosphatidylglycerol, during the modification reaction and found that lipid modification of prolipoprotein involves the transfer of diacylglyceryl moiety from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the cysteine residue with the concomitant formation of sn-glycerol 1-phosphate. This mechanism is contrary to the previously proposed two-step mechanism of an initial glyceryl transferase followed by O-acyl transfer (Chattopadhyay, P.K., and Wu, H.C. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 5318-5322). Accordingly, the enzyme that catalyzes this activity has been named phosphatidylglycerol-prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase. The revised pathway for the lipoprotein biogenesis in bacteria consists of three successive reactions catalyzed by prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase, signal peptidase II, and apolipoprotein N-acyltransferase.
HIGH TEMPERATURE STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF CERAMIC VERSUS METAL SUBSTRATES

The high temperature strength and deformation behavior of ceramic and two different metal substrates were measured in the 25-1200 degree C temperature range in uniaxial and biaxial bending using rectangular bars and circular discs, respectively, prepared from the substrates. The data show that both of the metal substrates exhibit permanent deformation and lose their load carrying capability by an order of magnitude above 800 degrees C. The ceramic substrate, on the other hand, preserves its strength and behaves elastically over the entire temperature range exhibiting neither permanent deformation nor cell distortion. These data suggest that the upper use temperature for metal substrates could be significantly lower than that for ceramic substrates to meet 50-100K vehicle mile durability. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 851463.
Impact of surgical excision of lesions on pain in a rat model of endometriosis

Author(s): Alvarez, P; Giudice, LC; Levine, JD | Abstract: BackgroundChronic pain is the most common and disabling feature of endometriosis. Surgical excision of endometriosis lesions provides relief but pain relapse is common. Studies in a preclinical model of endometriosis might help to unravel the role of the ectopic lesions as the source of pain. Thus, we evaluated the impact of lesion excision on mechanical hyperalgesia in a preclinical model of endometriosis pain.MethodsEndometriosis was induced by implanting autologous uterine tissue onto the gastrocnemius muscle. Surgical excision or aspiration drainage of the cystic lesion was performed at different times post-implant and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed at the site of the lesion.ResultsLesions at 2, 8 and 16 weeks post-implant produced mechanical hyperalgesia of similar magnitude (n = 6/group). Excision of lesions (n = 6/group) produced a longer inhibition, with a magnitude and time course depending upon the timing of excision. Excision at 2 and 8 weeks produced a rapid onset marked attenuation of hyperalgesia, which returned to pre-excision values by post-surgical week 3. In contrast, excision of the lesion at 16 weeks produced a peak of inhibition of hyperalgesia 2 weeks post-excision, but then the inhibition was sustained. Aspiration of fluid from cysts in the lesions briefly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia (n = 6/group).ConclusionsIn this preclinical model, we demonstrate that endometriosis pain is alleviated by surgical excision of the ectopic lesion or drainage of its cysts, providing support for the clinical observation that endometriosis pain is dependent upon the ongoing presence of the lesions.
Groundwater controls on vegetation composition and patterning in mountain meadows

[1] Mountain meadows are groundwater-dependent ecosystems that are hot spots of biodiversity and productivity. In the Sierra Nevada mountains of California, these ecosystems rely on shallow groundwater to support their vegetation communities during the dry summer growing season in the region's Mediterranean montane climate. Vegetation composition in this environment is influenced by both (1) oxygen stress that occurs when portions of the root zone are saturated and anaerobic conditions limit root respiration and (2) water stress that occurs when the water table drops and the root zone becomes water limited. A spatially distributed watershed model that explicitly accounts for snowmelt processes was linked to a fine-resolution groundwater flow model of Tuolumne Meadows in Yosemite National Park, California, to simulate water table dynamics. This linked hydrologic model was calibrated to observations from a well observation network for 2006–2009. A vegetation survey was also conducted at the site in which the three dominant species were identified at more than 200 plots distributed across the meadow. Nonparametric multiplicative regression was performed to create and select the best models for predicting vegetation dominance on the basis of the simulated hydrologic regime. The hydrologic niches of three vegetation types representing wet, moist, and dry meadow vegetation communities were found to be best described using both (1) a sum exceedance value calculated as the integral of water table position above a depth threshold of oxygen stress and (2) a sum exceedance value calculated as the integral of water table position below a depth threshold of water stress. This linked hydrologic and vegetative modeling framework advances our ability to predict the propagation of human-induced climatic and land use or land cover changes through the hydrologic system to the ecosystem. The hydroecologic functioning of meadows provides an example of the extent to which cascading hydrologic processes at watershed, hillslope, and riparian zones and within channels are reflected in the composition and distribution of riparian vegetation.
Developmentally Distinct Th Cells Control Plasma Cell Production In Vivo

Differential Ly6C expression identifies a major phenotypic division in CD44 lo CD62L hi CD4 + Th cells. Using two separate models of single subset adoptive transfer, we demonstrate the unique capacity of Ly6C hi Th cells to promote antigen-specific plasma cell production in vivo. In contrast, both compartments support germinal center formation and proliferate to equivalent levels upon TCR triggering in vivo and in vitro. Developmentally, CD4 + CD8 − thymocytes leave the thymus expressing low levels of Ly6C; 3 days later ∼50% stably upregulate Ly6C without cell division or TCR engagement in the periphery. Interestingly, antigen-specific Th cell clonotypes unevenly assort into these peripheral compartments, creating separate TCR repertoires that underpin peripheral functional diversity. Taken together, these data reveal a developmentally distinct Ly6C hi naive Th cell compartment subspecialized to regulate plasma cell production in vivo.