cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus.

Intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus is a rare disease of unknown etiology with a characteristic esophagogram consisting of small flask-like diverticula. This paper presents the ninth patient with this disease. There has been confusion about the etiology of the disease and its relation to monilial esophagitis, and this differential diagnosis is discussed. Although the etiology remains speculative, we conclude that intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus may develop in a normal esophagus and that it is not caused byMonilia.
The effectiveness of two disinfectants on denture base acrylic resin with an organic load

Abstract This study compared the biocidal effectiveness of chlorine dioxide and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (diluted 1:10) on acrylic resin strips inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans , or Escherichia coli in the presence of an organic load. Sterile acrylic resin strips were immersed in a solution containing 10% horse serum and 10 5 to 10 7 organisms/ml for each type of organism, then disinfected in chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, or 0.9 sterile saline for 30 seconds or 1, 2, or 4 minutes. After disinfection, the strips were neutralized and incubated for 72 hours. The results showed a difference between the ability of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite to kill the test organisms on acrylic resin strips when organic matter is present. Chlorine dioxide achieved complete disinfection of all three organisms within 2 minutes. Sodium hypochlorite achieved complete disinfection of all three organisms within 4 minutes.
Optimizing Type Ia supernova follow-up in future dark energy surveys

In the next-generation supernova surveys (Palomar Transient Factory, Dark Energy Survey, LSST, JDEM, etc.) maximizing the cosmological return on each supernova and limiting the systematic uncertainties will be crucial for determining the nature of dark energy. Here we present recent results from the Nearby Supernova Factory, a program that has followed almost 200 SN Ia in the Hubble flow with spectrophotometry. We have used the code SYNAPPS, a combination of the SYNOW spectrum synthesis fitter and the APPSPACK optimization code to automatically perform a highly parameterized fit to observational spectra, to begin the work of identifying the spectral features in a SN Ia that are most important for using these explosions as cosmological probes.
Competition between superconductivity and spin-density waves in an organic conductor, bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium hexafluorophosphate

The pressure-temperature phase diagram of the organic superconductor bis-tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium hexafluorophosphate [${(\mathrm{TMTSF})}_{2}$${\mathrm{PF}}_{6}$] has been carefully measured by electron-spin resonance is a single crystal at low magnetic fields. We present the first microscopic evidence for the transition from the spin-density-wave state to superconductivity as the temperature is lowered at constant pressure. Comparison is made with recent theoretical calculations on the competition between spin-densitywave and superconducting ground states.
Scholarly Productivity of Editorial Board Members of Three American Counseling and Counseling Psychology Journals

The scholarly journals in professional and scientific fields serve the function of communicating new knowledge and informed discourse on the major issues affecting the field of counseling, and editorial board members (EBMs) serve as gatekeepers of what information will be communicated. The ability of EBMs to make sound judgments directly affects the quality of research and scholarship published. This study analyzed one important EBM qualification, the scholarly productivity of the editorial board members of three major American counseling journals (The Counseling Psychologist [TCP], the Journal of Counseling Psychology [JCP], and the Journal of Counseling and Development [JCD]). An analysis of the productivity rates of editorial board members on these journals was conducted using the PsycINFO database. The results indicated that editorial board members of JCP have significantly more experience publishing than members of TCP and JCD. The differential publication rates of editorial board members suggest that these three journals place different emphasis on scholarly productivity as part of their selection criteria for editorial board membership and may reflect that the three journals have different missions and serve different clientele. These findings have implications, not only for the profession of counseling in the United States, but also for the international counseling community.
An update on the recovery of [18O]water during the synthesis of [18F]FDG by a simple modification in the procedure

Abstract A simple procedural change for the synthesis of [ 18 F]FDG has been used to recover [ 18 O]water by direct distillation. The [ 18 O]water thus recovered is reusable to produce [ 18 F]fluoride without further purification. The recovery of [ 18 O]water is reliable and our results are based on over 300 routine FDG preparations. The [ 18 F]fluoride present in the target water is converted to potassium fluoride during the distillation and will be available for further reaction to complete the synthesis of FDG. The same procedure can be used to recover [ 18 O]water in similar situations where [ 18 F]fluoride is converted to potassium fluoride and in turn used to react with kryptofix for labeling other precursors.
Cognition-excitation interdependences in aggressive behavior

This paper explores interdependences between cognitive and excitatory processes that concur during experiences of acute anger and the performance of aggressive actions, and it develops the implications of these interdependencies for anger and aggression. Specifically, the influence of cognitive processes on the time course of excitatory activity (mainly, sympathetic dominance in the autonomic nervous system), on anger, and on aggressive behavior is projected from theory and documented with pertinent research findings. The influence of different and changing levels of excitatory activity on cognitive functioning (mainly, the appraisal and reappraisal of endangerments), on anger, and on aggressive behavior is likewise derived from theory and documented with empirical research. Special attention is given to the anger- and aggression-diminishing capacity of the cognitive reassessment of endangering conditions, and to impulsive destructive behaviors that result from the transitory impairment of cognitive functioning at extreme levels of excitation.
The Self-Acting, Subambient Foil Bearing in High Speed, Contact Tape Recording with a Flat Head

The mechanics and tribology of a flat head for high-speed, contact tape recording is presented. Experiments performed on a “row-bar” of thin-film disk heads where the tape is wrapped only on the edge opposite to the heads showed very stable contact for a wide range of tape speeds and very low wear. A model of the interface showed that a self-acting, subambient air bearing forms near the leading wrapped corner. This suction is caused by the expansion of air into the diverging gap on the upstream side of the head-tape interface, which is unique to this wrap geometry, and it is responsible for the stability and low contact pressures. A bidirectional version of a flat head geometry is analyzed via modeling and suggestions are made for that design. This work also showed strong evidence of a threshold of contact pressure below which wear becomes negligible.
How to Control for Gestational Age: Olsen and Fei Respond

As described by Slama et al., it is not a simple matter to adjust for gestational age when analyzing birth weights. Any estimate of gestational age is prone to misclassification, whether it is based on ultrasound or last menstrual period (LMP). Ultrasound measures are based on the assumption of uniform early fetal growth or at least that the exposure under study has no impact on early fetal growth. This assumption is probably not always correct, as first demonstrated by Henriksen et al. (1995). LMP estimates are prone to large random measurement errors that may become non-random if the exposures under study affects menstrual bleeding patterns. Although these problems are part of textbook knowledge (Olsen and Basso 2007), their impact appears to be limited in our experience. In our study (Fei et al. 2007), the analyses based primarily on LMP estimates provided a regression coefficient of −10.35 [95% confidential interval (CI), −20.6 to −0.15] between perfluorooctanoate and birth weight, compared with the regression coefficient of −10.63 (95% CI, −20.79 to −0.47) we presented in the article after adjustment for ultrasound-based gestational age. The reason is probably that large random errors of gestational age affect estimates much more than smaller systematic errors. Furthermore, perfluorinated chemicals may not impair early fetal growth. Birth weight is a function of fetal growth and the duration of the pregnancy, but until better estimates become available, we must use these imprecise measures of gestational age to determine the duration of pregnancy. If the exposure under study slows early fetal growth, adjustment for gestational age based on ultrasound may underestimate an effect of the exposure on fetal growth and overestimate a risk of preterm birth. A similar bias is expected when the results are adjusted for gestational age based on LMP data if the exposure prolongs menstrual cycles. We thank Slama et al. for reminding us that estimating gestational age is always a problem.
Localization of low-density lipoproteins in atherosclerotic lesions from human normolipemics employing a purified fluorescent-labeled antibody.

Abstract The localization pattern of low-density lipoproteins in atherosclerotic arteries from normolipemic humans has been determined employing immunofluorescent techniques. Goat antiserum was prepared against delipidated human low-density lipoproteins (apo low-density lipoproteins) and conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. A monospecific antibody was isolated by affinity chromatography using low-density lipoproteins attached to a column of Sepharose 4B. This antibody reacted with both low-density lipoproteins and apo low-density lipoproteins, and the fluorescence localization experiments did not distinguish between the lipoprotein and apoprotein. Sections of uninvolved areas, fatty streaks, and fibrous plaques from aorta, coronary, carotid and cerebral arteries from 20 normolipemics were studied following incubation with the purified antiserum. Uninvolved segments demonstrated no specific fluorescence. Fatty streaks and the fibromuscular caps of fibrous plaques demonstrated specific fluorescence to collagen and elastic fibers. Specific fluorescence was seen in fibrous plaques in large bands of collagen, in acellular areas as well as in the atheromatous core. Although this localization pattern was found consistently in arteries from normolipemics, not all atheromas or collagen and elastic fibers from these subjects were positive. By contrast, incubation of serial sections with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated non-immune globulins resulted in non-specific fluorescence to only the cytoplasm of all intimal and medial cells. This non-specific pattern was present in both non-involved and involved segments of arteries.
Coxsackie virus-induced acute pancreatitis in a long-term dialysis patient.

This report describes a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who developed acute pancreatitis with pseudocyst formation and cloudy dialysate with pleocytosis in the absence of bacterial or fungal organisms. To our knowledge, pancreatitis, in the absence of hypertriglyceridemia in a CAPD patient, has not been previously reported. There was a significant increase in Coxsackie 131 and 136 viral titers by complement fixation test, suggesting Coxsackie virus-induced pancreatitis.
Children's parasympathetic reactivity to specific emotions moderates response to intervention for early-onset aggression

Following theories that individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) denote differential sensitivity to environmental influences, this study examines whether differences in RSA reactivity to specific emotional challenges predict differential response to intervention. We present data from a randomized clinical trial of a targeted intervention for early onset aggression. In collaboration with a high-risk urban school district, 207 kindergarten children (73% African American, 66% male), identified by their teachers as having high levels of aggressive and disruptive behavior, were recruited. All children received a universal social-emotional curriculum. One hundred children were randomly assigned to an additional intervention consisting of weekly peer-based social skills training. Complete RSA data were available for 139 of the children. Teacher-reported externalizing symptoms and emotion regulation in 1st grade (post intervention) were examined controlling for baseline levels. First-grade peer nominations of aggressive behavior, controlling for baseline nominations, were also examined as outcomes. No effect of resting RSA was found. However, greater reactivity to anger was associated with higher externalizing symptoms and lower emotion regulation skills in 1st grade relative to low reactive children. Lower reactivity to fear was associated with greater improvement over time, an effect that was enhanced in the targeted intervention condition. Results suggest that measures of affective reactivity may provide insight into children's capacity to benefit from different types of interventions.
Callose formation during wound-inoculated reaction of Pinus elliottii to Fusarium subglutinans.

Abstract Callose synthesis appeared as a rapid response to wounding and inoculation of slash pine seedlings with conidial suspensions of pitch canker fungus. Aseptically grown tissue culture seedlings showed greater hypersensitivity to pathogen inoculation by accumulating 15% more callose in infected tissue than greenhouse grown seedlings.
Magnetic transitions in a multi-axis antiferromagnet

Abstract In antiferromagnets dominated by large anisotropy energies, magnetic fields can induce various order-order and order-disorder transitions. Magneto-thermal experiments on dysprosium aluminum garnet demonstrate several of the different possibilities.
Latent mean comparisons on the BRIEF in preterm children: Parent and teacher differences

Executive function is a heterogeneous construct applied to cognitive capacities that together enable individuals to effectively engage in activities toward a purposive goal. Children born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW) are at risk of executive dysfunction on performance-based measures. In natural contexts, executive function may be described using such parental and teacher questionnaires as the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). This study examined the factor structure of the BRIEF-parent form in 124 ELBW children and of the BRIEF-teacher form in 90 ELBW children. Although our data showed that the fit of a two-factor structure was adequate for the parent report, a three-factor model provided advantages over the two-factor model across all fit indices and best characterized the data. For teacher report, these data supported a three-factor but not a two-factor model. Using the three-factor model for both groups of informants, we compared parent and teacher reports (n = 90 pairs) between the three identified latent variables. Parents reported significantly more difficulty with Emotional Regulation (p < .05), and teachers reported significantly more difficulty with Behavioral Regulation (p < .05). No significant differences were found between parent and teacher reports for Metacognition.
Concentration of inorganic arsenic in samples of white rice from the United States

Concentrations of inorganic arsenic were determined by ion-trap, electrospray, mass spectrometry in 40 samples of white rice, which were collected in the United States. Inorganic arsenic was qualitatively present in all samples. The quantitative range of concentrations of inorganic arsenic extended from <0.025 to 0.271 μg/g (wet-mass basis). The extremes of the range were validated with acceptable analytical recoveries of fortifications. Statistical bounds of the range were established and assessed. The distribution of concentrations over the observed range was characterized statistically with an empirical lognormal probability distribution function. For the samples of white rice, a geometric mean corresponding to 0.112 μg/g and a geometric standard deviation equivalent to 0.055 μg/g of inorganic arsenic were derived from the empirical lognormal function.
Regulatory Differences: Freight Ship and Tank Ship Pollution Response Preparedness1

ABSTRACT There is an ancient maritime adage that says “a collision at sea can ruin your whole day.” While that is undoubtedly as true today as it ever was, the modern mariner would likely express a...
Psychosocial predictors of employment status among men living with spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between employment status and community access, perceived community discrimination, social support from significant others, depressive symptoms, and gender-related variables for 83 men living with spinal cord injury. STUDY DESIGN Correlational research. SETTING Internet-based investigation employing spinal cord injury listservs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Participant employment status. RESULTS A forced-entry hierarchical logistic regression indicated that means of injury, community access and perceived community discrimination, social support from significant others, depressive symptoms, and men's adherence to masculine norms for primacy of work, self-reliance, and emotional control significantly predicted employment status. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial variables such as community access, perceived discrimination, social support from significant others, depressive symptoms, and gender identity represent important and understudied predictors of employment status among men living with spinal cord injury.
The Effect of Irradiated Vegetable Oils and Animal Fatty Tissue and Storage of the Diet on Growth and Mortality in Chicks

Abstract SEVERAL laboratories are investigating; the nutritional properties of foods which have been treated with sterilizing; doses of gamma radiation. In earlier studies in this laboratory, chicks receiving a synthetic diet which had been treated with 2.79 million rads of gamma rays developed apparent symptoms of encephalomalacia even though alpha-tocopherol was added to the diet after it had been irradiated. It was apparent that irradiation produced some effect on the diet so that alpha-tocopherol was lost during storage of the diet. Polister and Mead (1954) reported that 1.5 × 106 reps of gamma rays increased markedly the peroxides in vegetable and fish oils. These authors also reported that treating milk or butter with ionizing radiations destroyed both carotene and vitamin A. Astrack et al. (1952) and Doty et al. (1956) reported that the peroxide value of irradiated meat fats increased during storage as well as during irradiation. Numerous reports, Burr and …
β1 and β2 Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms: their impact on cardiovascular physiology, disease states, and response to therapeutic agents

The human genome project may revolutionize our understanding of many cardiovascular diseases and the medications we use to treat them. Why are there variations in disease severity? What causes disease progression in some individuals but not others? Why are there such dramatic differences in response to some therapeutic agents? The human genome project may soon help us answer these questions for patients with disorders ranging from hypertension to congestive heart failure.
Formation of double-ring circular grabens due to volumetric compaction over buried impact craters: Implications for thickness and nature of cover material in Utopia Planitia, Mars

[1] Throughout the polygonal terrain of Utopia Planitia are circular grabens, inferred to overlie buried crater rims. Thirty-four of the 37 circular grabens discovered in Viking and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) images southwest of the Utopia Basin (21°–36°N, 240°–265°W) have two nested rings, while the remaining three have a single ring. All 37 circular grabens bound topographic depressions whose surface relief scales directly with diameter, suggesting differential compaction of cover material within the polygonal terrain. The distance of doubled circular grabens from the center of the Utopia Basin scales directly with the spacing between the two rings, implying a relation between ring spacing and cover thickness. Numerical models of horizontal shrinkage during volumetric compaction of material over crater rims show two maxima of horizontal normal tension on the surface. These maxima, where we would expect grabens to form, move away from each other with increasing cover thickness. The modeled spacings of stress maxima within 1–2 km thick cover are comparable to the graben spacing observed in southwest Utopia Planitia, implying that cover thickness in this polygonal terrain may be 1–2 km thick. Where cover material is thin, the proximity of the two normal stress maxima may only produce a single circular graben, accounting for the observation that the three single-ringed grabens are most distal to the center of the basin. We contend that the correlation of shrinkage model results and observed ring spacing supports a wet sedimentary origin of polygonal terrain materials, consistent with the past existence of standing water in the Martian lowland.
Nonparametric probability density estimation using normalized b–splines

We present a new nonparametric density estimate based on normalized tensor B–Splines. We show under the expected conditions that the non- parametric density estimate converges in mean square error and integrated mean square error. Results of simulations are also presented.
Esmark elastoplasty for bleeding ventricular assist device outflow graft associated with severe coagulopathy.

Severe coagulopathy is a common entity during biventricular assistance and is particularly difficult to deal with when using bivalirudin as an anticoagulant. Resultant severe coagulopathy can causes relentless bleeding, even from needle holes and graft interstices. We report the use of Esmark (Advanced Medical Designs, Marietta, Ga) as an elastoplastic bandage to tamponade bleeding from a ventricular assist device outflow graft.
Access Techniques for EVAR: Percutaneous Techniques and Working with Small Arteries

Access is a key component of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR.) The femoral artery is the most common site of access and is traditionally exposed via open cutdown. Percutaneous access is possible by placing suture-mediated closure devices before up-sizing to large-bore sheaths. Comparison of open cutdown (n = 2,802) with percutaneous femoral access (n = 1,781) in elective EVAR cases using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database shows that the main advantage of percutaneous access is decreased operative time (159 ± 63 min v 150 ± 68 min; P < .05.) However, 30-day serious morbidity is more common with percutaneous access (5.8% v 7.2%; P < .05), with a risk-adjusted odds ratio of 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.68). There was no significant difference in either the 30-day mortality rate or the mean length of stay for the femoral exposure cohort (0.8% and 2.9 days) compared with the percutaneous cohort (0.9% and 3.3 days). Iliac exposure was associated with increased morbidity, operative time, intraoperative transfusion, and length of stay, but not 30-day mortality. Therefore, iliac exposure might still be the most appropriate option in cases of inadequately sized external iliac vessels. Alternatively, internal conduits (or endoconduits) can have utility, but the published experience with this technique is limited. Severely stenotic, or even occluded, iliac arteries can often be safely treated with balloon angioplasty if otherwise of adequate caliber. However, with all access options, safeguards, and procedural protocols for promptly treating complications are essential to maintain good outcomes.
Liquefaction of coal in hydrogen-donor and non-donor vehicles

Abstract Coal, slurried with tetralin, and heated rapidly to 400 °C, was converted to benzene-soluble, liquid products through a reaction path which appears to involve thermal cleavage of chemical bonds in the coal (so-called depolymerization). Free radicals formed pyrolytically were stabilized in the early stages by autogenous hydrogen transfer, and in later stages by abstraction of hydrogen from the hydrogen-donating tetralin (which was converted to dihydronaphthalene and then to naphthalene). Vitrinite of the coal particles became almost completely soluble in pyridine after 5 min reaction, and dispersed in the vehicle (tetralin) within about 10 min. Reaction in non-donor vehicles (naphthalene, dodecane) resulted in dispersion, but ‘repolymerization’ formed a benzene-insoluble material. Hydrogen transfer from tetralin increased exponentially with increased conversion of the coal to benzene-soluble material. Negligible influence of particle size (below 2–3 mm) implies that mass transfer is not a rate-limiting factor. High-volatile c bituminous coal and coals of lower rank converted at about the same rate and to the same extent (given equivalent petrographic compositions); approximately two-thirds of the ultimately achievable conversion occurs within 20 min. Higher-rank coals converted at a lower rate. Oxidation of the coal was deleterious to ultimate conversion.
The effect of stimulus-response incompatibility on P3 latency depends on the task but not on age

To help identify the loci of age-related slowing of cognitive processing, the effects of stimulus-response (S-R) incompatibility and stimulus degradation on P3 latency and reaction time (RT) were assessed in ten young and ten elderly women. Subjects saw the words right, left, RIGHT, or LEFT in tasks which required responses to (1) the meaning of the word (WORD) (2) its case (CASE) and (3) both (CASE/WORD). Each task was tested with regular and degraded stimuli. On half the trials, the stimulus and response were incompatible. Although RTs and P3s of elderly subjects were slower, especially RTs in CASE/WORD, stimulus degradation and S-R incompatibility did not differentially affect the two groups, suggesting that cognitive processing of older subjects is not especially prolonged in perceptual and response-related stages. For both groups RTs and P3s were task dependent and were prolonged by degradation and S-R incompatibility. Incompatibility delayed RTs in WORD and CASE/WORD but P3s in WORD only. Thus, young and elderly subjects show qualitatively similar psychophysiological and behavioral indicators of processing speed.
Implied volatility functions in arbitrage-free term structure models

Abstract We test six term structure models in the Heath, Jarrow, and Morton (1992) class using Eurodollar futures and options data from 1987∗1992. We study the time series of implied interest rate volatilities from these models. Using one-day lagged implied volatilities, our one-and two-parameter models simultaneously price an average of 18.5 options each day with an average absolute error of one-and-a-half to two basis points. Although the models fit well, we document systematic strike- price and time-to-maturity biases for all models. We also implement simple trading strategies to test whether the models identify genuine biases.
Bayesian Model Assessment Using Pivotal Quantities

Abstract. Suppose that S(Y;) is a function of data Yand a model parameter ,and suppose that the sampling distribution of S(Y;) is invariant when evaluatedat  0 , the \true" (i.e., data-generating) value of . Then S(Y;) is a pivotalquantity, and it follows from simple probability calculus that the distribution ofS(Y; 0 )isidenticaltothedistributionofS(Y; Y ),where Y isavalueof drawnfrom the posterior distribution given Y. This fact makes it possible to de ne alarge numberof Bayesian model diagnostics havinga knownsampling distribution.It also facilitates the calibration of the joint sampling of model diagnostics basedon pivotal quantities.Keywords: prior-predictive density, posterior-predictive density, Bayesian modeldiagnostics, Bayesian chi-squared test. 1 Introduction Within the Bayesian paradigm, a number of general approaches for model evaluationhave been proposed. Although a number of informal measures have been proposed toassess model adequacy, many model assessment strategies have relied on the calculationof Bayesian analogs of frequentist p values. For example, Box (1980) proposed thecalculation of Bayesian p values based on the prior-predictive distribution. In thisapproach, Bayesian p-values are calculated according toPr[p(g(y)jA) < p(g(y
Formation of carbonyls during attack on insulin by submolar amounts of hypochlorite.

Abstract Bovine insulin was reacted at pH 4.0 with submolar amounts of hypochlorite. At least one molecule of insulin was modified per two molecules of hypochlorite added, as estimated by HPLC of native and modified insulin. About 5% of the hypochlorite-modified insulin reacted with dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), a reagent which specifically labels carbonyl groups. The major DNPH-labeled product was isolated from the native insulin on reverse-phase HPLC, using trifluoroacetic acid/water/acetonitrile gradients. The UV spectrum of the major peak on the HPLC diode-array detector was representative of DNPH adducts, with λmax= 365 nm. Several methods, including total amino acid analysis, tryptic digestion, and collision-induced dissociation–electrospray MS, indicate that the major carbonyl in the DNPH-labeled product was on the amino-terminal phenylalanine of the insulin B-chain. Amino acid analysis indicated that tyrosine was also degraded by hypochlorite, but we could not detect a carbonyl group formed at tyrosine. These findings suggest that the terminal amino groups of proteins are highly vulnerable to carbonyl formation during hypochlorite attack. The use of relatively low amounts of active oxygen species (such as hypochlorite), followed by chromatographic isolation of the protein labeled with a carbonyl-specific reagent, can be a useful approach to the study of reactive sites on proteins.
When collective action and tenure allocations collide: Outcomes from community forests in Quintana Roo, Mexico and Petén, Guatemala

Based on a comparative case study of four community forestry enterprises in Guatemala and Mexico, we examine the relationship between user group characteristics and state allocation of tenure bundles. Using Schlager and Ostrom's four levels of tenure bundles and collective action theory, we illustrate how tenure bundles and collective action costs interact to either promote or create disincentives for conservation and communal economic benefits. We suggest that in communities with high costs for collective action, a tenure bundle that includes management, withdrawal and exclusion rights yet omits alienation rights may be optimal for community forestry. We also demonstrate how unclear allocation of rights can result in local interpretations of land rights that do support collective action.
Glass-Catalyzed hydrolysis of silane coupling agents

Silane coupling agents containing organo-functional and alkoxy groups are applied to glass fiber reinforcements from an acid solution commercially. It is found that finely divided soda glass suspended in a methanol-water solution of various silanes promotes hydrolysis without the presence of an acid catalyst. When acid is present in addition to the glass, as in commercial application baths, rate of hydrolysis is lower than with either acid or glass alone. There is evidence that basic glass components catalyze hydrolysis. Further work under commercial application conditions is indicated.
THE EFFECT OF PLASMA WITH COLONY SIMULATING ACTIVITY (CSA) IN CYCLIC NEUTROPENIA (CN)

A 2 year old M and a 10 year old F with 21-day cycles of neutropenia and apthous stomatitis were studied. Bone marrow aspirates at the cycles' nadir showed a maturation arrest at the myelocyte stage. In vitro bone marrow culture in agar documented quantitatively normal colony formation with rare colonies of neutrophils (PMN). Serial liquid suspension cultures (Marbrook chamber) yielded cell counts which were in the normal range or higher than companion control cultures. CN PMN maturation was defective early in culture; some mature PMNs appeared after 7 days and persisted for up to 25 days. Plasma, obtained from normal donors and from those given typhoid vaccine and plasmaphoresed 1 hour later, was assayed for CSA, using normal and CN bone marrow. Only plasma which stimulated normal marrow promoted PMN maturation in CN marrow in vitro. In vivo, administration of plasma containing CSA increased PMN production and ameliorated the clinical symptoms of neutropenia. It is concluded that one type of CN involves a maturation defect of PMNs, which may be altered in vitro and in vivo by plasma containing CSA. Supported by Grant 5-M01-RR00199.
Stimulus saliency and anchoring: Temporal and end stimulus effects

Two characteristics considered to influence the saliency of an anchor stimulus are its natural end stimulus quality and its temporal relation to the target stimulus. Using physical and social continua which differed in these respects, greater anchoring effects were observed when more salient anchors were used.
Finite-size scaling study of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model.

The phase diagram of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model is investigated by using the technique of phenomenological finite-size scaling. The location of the tricritical point and the values of the critical and tricritical exponents are determined. The location of the tricritical point (${T}_{t}$=0.610\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005, ${D}_{t}$=1.9655\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0010) is well outside the error bars for the value quoted in previous Monte Carlo simulations but in excellent agreement with more recent Monte Carlo renormalization-group results. The values of the critical and tricritical exponents, with the exception of the leading thermal tricritical exponent, are in excellent agreement with previous calculations, conjectured values, and Monte Carlo renormalization-group studies.
Micro-Enterprise Development: A Response to Poverty

Summary All over the world, micro-enterprise development initiatives are demonstrating that they are a viable response to poverty. This paper discusses a field study of 40 slum-dwellers, 17 of whom had taken out a loan for a micro-enterprise, conducted in Calcutta in 1995. This study helps demonstrate the crucial elements of the Gra-meen model of micro-lending. Findings show there is a significant difference in income of borrowers versus non-borrowers, and that micro-enterprises create a culture that has rippling effects on the community. Lessons learned are relevant for social workers promoting micro-enterprises for community economic development in the United States.
Adjustable Gastric Banding in a Morbidly Obese Patient During Liver Transplantation

The increase in morbidly obese (MO; BMI > 35) patients requiring liver transplant has mirrored the growing prevalence of obesity in the USA. However, there is considerable debate among physicians whether these patients should undergo transplantation. This is because outcome analysis shows that long-term survival following transplant is adversely affected by complications caused by MO. To date, there is little experience treating MO in transplant patients. Sustained weight reduction in MO liver transplant recipients would likely improve long-term survival and resolve the debate over whether these patients should receive a transplant. Three investigators have described good outcomes from bariatric surgical interventions following liver transplantation. But this requires a second operation with all the attendant risks of additional surgery and anesthesia. This report details an innovative step in the care of the MO transplant recipient: the placement of a gastric band at the time of transplantation. We describe the success of the combined procedure at 6 months following transplantation.
Thermal conductivity of polyimide film at cryogenic temperature

Abstract The thermal conductivity of a polyimide film (Kapton ∗ ) in the thickness direction was calculated by measuring composites made with Kapton and epoxy resin. The epoxy-polyimide film composites were prepared by changing the volume fraction of the films. The thermal conductivities of the composites were measured down to cryogenic temperatures. The thermal conductivity of the film in the thickness direction was estimated on the basis of the rule of mixtures, by taking into consideration the thermal conductivity of the epoxy and the thermal resistance at the interface.
Sexual orientation and differences in mental health, stress, and academic performance in a national sample of U.S. College students

This study examined the relationships of mental health issues and sexual orientation in a national sample of college students. Using the Fall 2009 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment, responses from heterosexual, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and unsure students (N = 27,454) relating to mental health issues and impact of these issues on academics were examined. The findings indicate that gay, lesbian, bisexual, and unsure students consistently reported higher levels of mental health issues and a more frequent impact on academics because of these issues than heterosexual students. Bisexuals frequently reported higher levels than students identifying as gay, lesbian, and unsure.
Hepatocellular carcinoma immunopathogenesis: clinical evidence for global T cell defects and an immunomodulatory role for soluble CD25 (sCD25).

Background The mechanisms involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) establishing an immunologically tolerogenic tumor environment remain poorly characterized.
The phase diagram for fisher's alternate-site lattice gas model

Abstract Exact low- and high-density double activity series (in the two appropriate sublattice activities) are given through the ninth order for Fisher's alternate-site lattice gas model. By introducing an additional interaction into the model we use these series to construct low-temperature series along the coexistence curve and to locate the tricritical temperature. On letting the additional interaction vanish, the tricritical temperature approaches absolute zero. Thus the phase diagram for the alternate-site model is a line of second order transitions (critical points).
1319 BUFFY COAT TRANSFUSION: AN EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE IN SEVERELY ILL, GRANULOCYTE-DEPLETED NEWBORNS

Granulocyte transfusion may be life-saving in newborns with bacterial sepsis, neutropenia and severe depletion of the bone marrow mature neutrophil storage pool (NSP). Since a buffy coat is more readily available than granulocytes obtained by leukapheresis, we studied the efficacy of fresh ( 7% were not transfused; one of these had an NSP of 8.5% and expired. The remainder survived but remained neutropenic 4-16 days. Fresh buffy coat preparations appear to accelerate recovery from neutropenia and may improve survival in clinically septic NSP-depleted newborns.
Performance characteristics and clinical evaluation of an in vitro bleeding time device — Thrombostat 4000

Abstract The performance characteristics of an in vitro bleeding time device — Thrombostat 4000 were evaluated and compared with the Simplate bleeding time in healthy individuals and patients with disorders of primary hemastasis. Reference ranges were established using 30 normal volunteers. Although there were variations between different filter batches, reproducibility was good within a single batch. There were no differences between the two channels of the instrument and between male and female subjects. Hematocrit correlated negatively with the initial flow (IF) and IF correlated positively with closure time (T) and bleeding volume (V). Aspirin could be detected only when the traditional addition of ADP was replaced with CaCl 2 . Both, closure time (T) or bleeding volume (V) were more sensitive than Simplate bleeding time and T was more sensitive than V in detecting patients with disorders of primary hemostasis. We conclude that the Thrombostat 4000 is a reproducible, reliable, sensitive and easy to use instrument. It is superior to the traditional in vivo bleeding times for investigations of disorders of primary hemostasis (screening, diagnosis, monitoring, etc.).
Team workload: A multilevel perspective

Extensive research has examined the effects of workload on individual performance. Despite the increasing prevalence of teams addressing complex tasks with high workload, less attention has focused...
In vivo administration of D609 leads to protection of subsequently isolated gerbil brain mitochondria subjected to in vitro oxidative stress induced by amyloid beta-peptide and other oxidative stressors: Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease and other oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders

Tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609) has in vivo and in vitro antioxidant properties. D609 mimics glutathione (GSH) and has a free thiol group, which upon oxidation forms a disulfide. The resulting dixanthate is a substrate for glutathione reductase, regenerating D609. Recent studies have also shown that D609 protects brain in vivo and neuronal cultures in vitro against the potential Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causative factor, Aβ(1–42)-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Mitochondria are important organelles with both pro- and antiapoptotic factor proteins. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that intraperitoneal injection of D609 would provide neuroprotection against free radicalinduced, mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Brain mitochondria were isolated from gerbils 1 h post injection intraperitoneally (ip) with D609 and subsequently treated in vitro with the oxidants Fe 2+ /H2O2 (hydroxyl free radicals), 2,2-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH, alkoxyl and peroxyl free radicals), and AD-relevant amyloid β-peptide 1–42 [Aβ(1–42)]. Brain mitochondria isolated from the gerbils previously injected ip with D609 and subjected to these oxidative stress inducers, in vitro, showed significant reduction in levels of protein carbonyls, protein-bound hydroxynonenal [a lipid peroxidation product], 3-nitrotyrosine, and cytochrome c release compared to oxidant-treated brain mitochondria isolated from saline-injected gerbils. D609 treatment significantly maintains the GSH/GSSG ratio in oxidant-treated mitochondria. Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in brain isolated from D609injected gerbils is consistent with the notion that D609 acts like GSH. These antiapoptotic findings are discussed with reference to the potential use of this brain-accessible glutathione mimetic in the treatment of oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders, including AD.
Dosage Units for Biologically Effective UV-B: A Recommendation

In the earlier panel discussion on action spectra, a case has been made for the pivotal role played by action spectra when used as weighting factors in the calculation of biologically effective UV-B radiation. This is of import not only for the determination of radiation amplification factors but also for relating the dosage received from lamp systems to that received from the sun. Because both biological photochemical reactions and the spectral irradiance from the sun change so rapidly as a function of wavelength, all would agree that total irradiance, or fluence rate, is of little value in determining UV-B dosage. Instead, it is preferable to speak of “weighted” or “effective” irradiance, either at a single wavelength, or integrated over a particular waveband. A familiar analogue is the use of a “standard eye” action spectrum as a weighting function to calculate luminous energy. When integrated with respect to wavelength, this constitutes illuminance, normally expressed in units of lux. Although special units have been contrived in the case of illuminance, confusion in the literature could be greatly minimized for other types of biologically effective radiation if one speaks of “weighted” or “effective” irradiance, and employs SI units. Thus, the integrated weighted irradiance can be expressed as effective Wm−2 or photons m−2 s−l. Different unitless weighting functions can be substituted as the occasion warrants as long as these are clearly specified.
Mode control in large-mode-area fiber lasers via gain filtering

Gain filtering of higher-order modes in large-mode-area fibers is experimentally demonstrated. While the beam quality degrades with pumping level in conventional fiber lasers, it remains constant in confined-gain fiber lasers due to gain filtering.
Revealingly odd couples

A large organism such as a human being is composed of a staggering number of small factories (cells), each one producing a complete set of the macromolecular assemblies required for life. Most of these assemblies are needed throughout the body, but rather than establish a few high-capacity factories and a wide distribution network, organisms choose to make almost everything locally and distribute it over only minuscule distances, rarely more than a few tens of microns. Evidently transport is more expensive than massively redundant manufacturing capability. Is that why cells evolved so many different kinds of motors (≈100 in a typical cell), so that each may be tuned for performance in a small number of highly specialized tasks (1)? Whatever the reason, biological motors are numerous and diverse. The few features that motors have in common therefore attract attention from biologists fascinated by these remarkable machines. One intriguing common feature (2) is that most biological motors are “two-headed” molecules (see Fig. 1), homodimeric proteins with two identical globular “heads” (“core motor domains” responsible for generating motion), held together by two entwined “tails” (long α-helices in a coiled-coil that terminates in a cargo attachment site). Although speculations abound, a convincing explanation for the functional significance of two-headedness is still missing. A major current thrust in the study of motility is to understand whether the two heads act independently or together, sequentially or simultaneously, undergoing the same or different structural transitions. In a recent issue of PNAS, a paper by Kaseda et al. (3) demonstrates a new, elegantly simple strategy for investigating these issues and provides some puzzling results that starkly reveal how little we know about even the most common biological motors. Fig 1. The core motor domains (“heads”) and part of the “necks” (the two vertically oriented α-helices) of dimeric rat kinesin, from …
Situs inversus totalis associated with complex cardiovascular anomalies

Abstract Two cases of situs inversus totalis complicated by complex cardiovascular anomalies are presented. In Case 1 the associated cardiovascular abnormalities consisted of an anteriorly located aorta and systemic ventricle, ventricular septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage, while in Case 2 a ventricular septal defect and an absent inferior vena cava with functional replacement by the azygous vein were diagnosed. Cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography were utilized in order to obtain accurate preoperative anatomic and functional data. Embryologic aspects and the various cardiac anomalies associated with situs inversus totalis are discussed.