cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke causes 9 % of all deaths worldwide and is the second most common cause of death after ischemic heart disease. In over 75 % of cases the stroke is ischemic in nature. However, unlike acute myocardial infarction, therapeutic interventions which attempt to limit infarct size have been of limited success. Only two interventions in a small subset of patients (less than 5 % of AIS patients) have been demonstrated to improve the outcome of patients suffering an acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The single most important intervention to alter the natural history of AIS and improve the patients’ functional outcome is the administration of a thrombolytic agent (intravenous rt-PA) in the appropriate patient within the narrow 3–4.5 h window [1]. Endovascular therapy represents an alternative therapy to intravenous rt-PA in patients who are not candidates for intravenous rt-PA, but has no advantage over intravenous rt-PA [2]. Hemispheric decompression in patients less than 60 years of age with malignant middle-cerebral-artery-territory infarction and space occupying brain edema has been demonstrated to improve outcome. An individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated a marked improvement in neurological recovery and survival with decompressive craniectomy [3]. Despite initial enthusiasm, neuroprotective agents have failed to show a benefit in the management of AIS [4, 5], as has tight glycemic control [6], high dose albumin [7], and the use of anti-hypertensive agents [8–11]. Considering this data, the rationale for admitting patients to an ICU needs to be evaluated. Furthermore, aspects of medical care which maximize the potential for recovery and limit complications need to be explored. In most instances such treatment is best provided by specialized “low-technology” Stroke Units.
Advancing Pharmacy Education and Workforce Development Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Report of the 2020-2021 AACP Academic Affairs Committee.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2020-2021 Academic Affairs Committee was charged to (1) Read all six reports from the 2019-20 AACP standing committees to identify elements of these reports that are relevant to your committee's work this year; (2) Determine what changes made in colleges and schools of pharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic should be continued to advance pharmacy education; (3) Develop a realistic model for colleges and schools of pharmacy to share resources to meet the curricular needs of member schools; (4) Create strategies by which colleges and schools of pharmacy can meet current and future workforce development needs particularly in light of the changes in healthcare delivery as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic; (5) Identify salient activities for the Center To Accelerate Pharmacy Practice Transformation and Academic Innovation (CTAP) for consideration by the AACP Strategic Planning Committee and AACP staff. This report provides an overview of changes made in schools and colleges of pharmacy implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that may be continued to advance pharmacy education; a realistic model for colleges and schools of pharmacy to share resources to meet the curricular needs of member schools; and strategies by which schools and colleges of pharmacy can meet current and future workforce development needs, particularly in light of the changes in healthcare delivery as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The committee is proposing one policy statement for consideration by the 2021 AACP House of Delegates, four suggestions for consideration by schools and colleges of pharmacy (including two endorsements for suggestions from the 2020-21 Argus Commission), and one recommendation for consideration by AACP for CTAP to implement and oversee.
Embedded blended learning within an Algebra classroom: a multimedia capture experiment

This two-group, pretest-posttest, quasi-experimental study compared secondary students' learning of Algebra II materials over a 4-week period when identical instruction by the same teacher was delivered through either embedded blended learning treatment group; n=32 or a live-lecture classroom control group; n=24. For both groups, instruction was delivered in a normal classroom setting. A math test and a student survey were used to measure students' learning of Algebra II and satisfaction with the instruction. Students in the treatment group showed significantly greater gains in Algebra II test scores and evaluated their learning experiences significantly more positively than did the control group. The great majority 80% of students in the treatment group preferred the embedded blended learning over traditional live lectures for future learning of math. Students' responses to open-ended survey questions suggested that students in the treatment group appreciated the: a ability to control the pace of instruction; b new role of the classroom teacher; c lack of distraction in the blended learning environment; and d accessibility of the embedded multimedia lessons outside the classroom. This study suggests that screen-capture instructional technology can be used towards establishing a teacher-based, embedded blended learning environment within a secondary algebraic classroom.
The Case for Using Computers in the Operating Room

The largest cost center and revenue generator in most hospitals, the operating room is subject to demands for increased cost accountability and quality assurance. Information technology tools can be incorporated into the operating room and have the potential to positively affect practices there through addressing nursing, administrative/financial and medical needs. Microcomputer-based operating room systems now on the market can provide functions from scheduling and case costing to medical records and market analysis. Of 21 functions identified, 10 can be characterized as mandatory and the remaining as optional. Individual systems offer varied configurations, providing from 0 to 21 functions. These enhanced capabilities for data collection, monitoring and analysis enable health care professionals to provide both better and more cost-effective care for surgical patients.
Temperature-time distribution and thermal stresses on the RTG fins and shell during water cooling

Radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) packages designed for space missions generally do not require active cooling. However, the heat they generate cannot remain inside of the launch vehicle bay and requires active removal. Therefore, before the Shuttle bay door is closed, the RTG coolant tubes attached to the heat rejection fins must be filled with water, which will circulate and remove most of the heat from the cargo bay. There is concern that charging a system at initial temperature around 200 C with water at 24 C can cause unacceptable thermal stresses in the RTG shell and fins. A computer model is developed to estimate the transient temperature distribution resulting from such charging. The thermal stresses resulting from the temperature gradients do not exceed the elastic deformation limit for the material. Since the simplified mathematical model for thermal stresses tends to overestimate stresses, it is concluded that the RTG can be cooled by introducing water at 24 C to the initially hot fin coolant tubes while the RTG is in the Shuttle cargo bay.
Analysis of vortex-induced counter torque and fin pressure on a finned body of revolution.

Finned bodies of revolution firing lateral jets in flight may experience lower spin rates than predicted. This reduction in spin rate is a result of vortices generated by the interaction between the lateral jets and freestream air flowing past the body. The vortices change the pressure distribution on the fins, inducing a counter torque that opposes the desired spin. Wind tunnel data measuring roll torque and fin pressures were collected for a full-scale model at varying angle of attack, roll angle, airspeed, and jet strength. The current analysis builds upon previously written code that computes torque by integrating pressure over the fin surfaces at 0{sup o} angle of attack. The code was modified to investigate the behavior of counter torque at different angles of attack and roll angles as a function of J, the ratio of jet dynamic pressure to freestream dynamic pressure. Numerical error analysis was applied to all data to assist with interpretation of results. Results show that agreement between balance and fin pressure counter torque at 0{sup o} angle of attack was not as close as previously believed. Counter torque at 4{sup o} angle of attack was higher than at 0{sup o}, and agreement between balance andmore » fin pressure counter torque was closer. Plots of differential fin pressure coefficient revealed a region of high pressure at the leading edge and an area of low pressure over the center and aft regions of the tapped surface. Large differences in the counter-torque coefficient were found between various freestream dynamic pressures, especially at Mach 0.95 and 1.1. Roll angle had significant effect only for cases at angle of attack, where it caused counter torque to change unpredictably.« less
Temporal noise in CMOS passive pixels

The temporal noise in a CMOS passive pixel imager is directly proportional to the vertical resolution of the imager and indirectly proportional to the pixel area, resulting in a strong dependence between noise and pixel density. In this paper, we model the output circuit read noise and capacitance reset noise and its effect on the output of the imager. Measured results validate the model and demonstrate that there is a tradeoff between pixel density, power and noise.
uq-Sharp Subsets of a Finite Field

Let f ∈ F q [x] where F q is a finite field of characteristic p. Wan et al discovered a lower bound for the value set of f in terms of an invariant u q (f) associated to the polynomial f. We define a notion of u q -sharp subsets of F q and discuss related problems. We show how the notion of u q -sharp sets may be used to give yet another proof of the classical Cauchy-Davenport theorem.
Model for explosive electron emission in a pseudospark "superdense glow"

The pseudospark cathode has the remarkable property of macroscopically homogeneous electron emission at very high current density (g1 kA/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) over a large area (some ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). Experimental results and the model presented here provide evidence that the pseudospark microscopically utilizes explosive arc processes, as distinct from the earlier model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 2371 (1988)].
Quaternary arrangement of an active, native group II intron ribonucleoprotein complex revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering

The stable ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex formed between the Lactococcus lactis group II intron and its self-encoded LtrA protein is essential for the intron's genetic mobility. In this study, we report the biochemical, compositional, hydrodynamic and structural properties of active group II intron RNP particles (+A) isolated from its native host using a novel purification scheme. We employed small-angle X-ray scattering to determine the structural properties of these particles as they exist in solution. Using sucrose as a contrasting agent, we derived a two-phase quaternary model of the protein-RNA complex. This approach revealed that the spatial properties of the complex are largely defined by the RNA component, with the protein dimer located near the center of mass. A transfer RNA fusion engineered into domain II of the intron provided a distinct landmark consistent with this interpretation. Comparison of the derived +A RNP shape with that of the previously reported precursor intron (ΔA) particle extends previous findings that the loosely packed precursor RNP undergoes a dramatic conformational change as it compacts into its active form. Our results provide insights into the quaternary arrangement of these RNP complexes in solution, an important step to understanding the transition of the group II intron from the precursor to a species fully active for DNA invasion.
Effects of paced coital stimulation on termination of estrus and brain indoleamine levels in female rats.

Abstract Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels were measured in brain regions of ovariectomized, steroid-primed rats at the end of behavioral estrus. At the onset of behavioral estrus three groups of rats received coital stimulation which included (1) mounts without penile intromission only, (2) temporally-controlled (paced) mounts with intromission, and (3) non-paced mounts with intromission. Within 12 hr after the initial treatment, sexual receptivity was significantly lower in females given paced intromissions than in the other two groups. Brain stem 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations were significantly higher in females which received intromissions, regardless of whether or not they were paced than in females given mounts only. Hypothalamic and cortical concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were equivalent in the two groups. These results suggest that the termination of behavioral estrus is not associated with increased metabolic activity in central serotonergic neurons.
Attosecond xuv pulses for complete mapping of the time-dependent wave packets of D 2 +

We have shown that the whole time-dependent vibrational wave packet of ${{\mathrm{D}}_{2}}^{+}$ ions can be reconstructed from the kinetic energy release of the ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ ion pairs when it is probed with an attosecond xuv pulse. Such a full interrogation of the wave packet will pave the way for controlling the generation of tailor-designed wave packets for favorable chemical reaction paths, as well as for probing the time evolution of their interaction with the medium.
"Seeing" electroencephalogram through the skull: imaging prefrontal cortex with fast optical signal

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a novel imaging technique potentially sensitive to both brain hemodynamics (slow signal) and neuronal activity (fast optical signal, FOS). The big challenge of mea- suring FOS noninvasively lies in the presumably low signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, detectability of the FOS has been controversially discussed. We present reliable detection of FOS from 11 individuals concurrently with electroencephalogram (EEG) during a Go-NoGo task. Probes were placed bilaterally over prefrontal cortex. Independent component anal- ysis (ICA) was used for artifact removal. Correlation coefficient in the best correlated FOS-EEG ICA pairs was highly significant (p < 10 −8 ), and event-related optical signal (EROS) was found in all subjects. Sev- eral EROS components were similar to the event-related potential (ERP) components. The most robust "optical N200" at t = 225 ms coin- cided with the N200 ERP; both signals showed significant difference between targets and nontargets, and their timing correlated with sub- ject's reaction time. Correlation between FOS and EEG even in single trials provides further evidence that at least some FOS components "re- flect" electrical brain processes directly. The data provide evidence for the early involvement of prefrontal cortex in rapid object recognition. EROS is highly localized and can provide cost-effective imaging tools for cortical mapping of cognitive processes. C 2010 Society of Photo-Optical
Thorium isotopes as indicators of particle dynamics in the upper ocean: results from the JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom experiment

Abstract Measurement of 234 Th and 228 Th in suspended and sinking particles made during the 1989 JGOFS North Atlantic Bloom Experiment permit estimation of the rates of particle cycling. Using a simple model of thorium-particle interactions applied to water column and floating sediment trap data at 150 and 300 m, the rate constant, β 2 , for aggregation of small suspended particles into large rapidly sinking (∼150 m day −1 ) particles increases from ∼0 to ∼30 y −1 over the course of the bloom. The rate constant for disaggregation of sinking particles, β −2 , similarly increases from ∼100 to ∼300 y −1 over the same period. These suggest that small particle residence times (relative to packaging or aggregation) decreasesto ∼15 days and that large particle residence times (relative to disaggregation) decrease to ∼1 day as the bloom progresses. Late in the bloom, particles are cycled such that aggregation of suspended particles (∼2 μ g 1 −1 day − ) is comparable to particle break-up (∼3 μg 1 −1 day − ). Errors on the rate constants, calculated by propagating estimated errors on the individual terms in the model, are large and arise principally from uncertainty in the gradient in activity and mass fluxes between the two trap depths. However, the values calculated independently from the two tracers ( 234 Th and 238 Th) generally agree to within 30%. The 234 Th balance for the upper water column ( Buesseler et al., Deep-Sea Research , 39 , 1115–1137, 1992) suggests that a substantial portion of the thorium and mass flux is not recorded by the traps. If it is assumed that this flux is carried on more slowly sinking particles (∼50 m day −1 ) that are not trapped efficiently, and these particles directly interact with the suspended particles pool in the same fashion as the trapped sinking particles, calculation of aggregation and disaggregation rate constants late in the bloom shows a higher value for β 2 but a comparable value for β −2 relative to the values determined for the trapped particles. This suggests that the slowly sinking material (e.g. marine snow) is more effective at aggregating small, suspended particles than are the rapidly sinking particles. Temporal increases in β 2 and β −2 for the trapped particles are matched by increases in the rate constants for decomposition of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (2–35 y −1 for C; 4–40 y −1 for N), suggesting that increases in microbial activity are directly reflected in rates of particle aggregation and disaggregation.
Literate Language Features in Spoken Narratives of Children With Typical Language and Children With Language Impairments

Purpose: This study focused on literate language features in spoken narratives of school-age children with typical language development and school-age children with language impairments (LI). Metho...
ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING AND URBAN FOOD ACCESS IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

The article describes how economic restructuring in the Dominican Republic during the 1980s and 1990s established the basis for urban food access challenges during the 2000s. Primarily based on research in Santiago, the second largest Dominican city, the article provides insights into how export-oriented development strategies, expanding trade liberalization, domestic political struggles, and patriarchal relations influenced access to food for low-income residents. During the early 2000s, many Santiago residents were engaged in an elaborate, androcentric exchange network that linked gendered income-generating strategies to credit-bearing food merchants who were, in turn, conjoined to a sequence of brokers all of whom were eventually linked to domestic and international producers by credit relations. Analysis of these findings illustrates how and why this exchange network existed, the importance of credit relations to its maintenance, and the ways in which government and U.S. food policies influenced urban provisioning patterns among the most economically and socially vulnerable population of Santiago. I argue that the rapidly changing social and spatial configurations of Latin American and Caribbean cities calls for innovative applied anthropological research into the processes that structure access to food resources by food insecure groups. By focusing on household food procurement in conjunction with exchange relations for a key staple, the article highlights practices and policies that enable and constrain food access for such groups. The article provides empirical data relevant to scholars and practitioners concerned with understanding the structural origins of the present-day food crisis in developing countries.
Brainstem reticulospinal neurons are targets for corticotropin-releasing factor-Induced locomotion in roughskin newts

Stress-induced release or central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) enhances locomotion in a wide range of vertebrates, including the roughskin newt, Taricha granulosa. Although CRF's stimulatory actions on locomotor behavior are well established, the target neurons through which CRF exerts this effect remain unknown. To identify these target neurons, we utilized a fluorescent conjugate of CRF (CRF-TAMRA 1) to track this peptide's internalization into reticulospinal and other neurons in the medullary reticular formation (MRF), a region critically involved in regulating locomotion. Epifluorescent and confocal microscopy revealed that CRF-TAMRA 1 was internalized by diverse MRF neurons, including reticulospinal neurons retrogradely labeled with Cascade Blue dextran. In addition, we immunohistochemically identified a distinct subset of serotonin-containing neurons, located throughout the medullary raphe, that also internalized the fluorescent CRF-TAMRA 1 conjugate. Chronic single-unit recordings obtained from microwire electrodes in behaving newts revealed that intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of CRF-TAMRA 1 increased medullary neuronal firing and that appearance of this firing was associated with, and strongly predictive of, episodes of CRF-induced locomotion. Furthermore, icv administered CRF-TAMRA 1 produced behavioral and neurophysiological effects identical to equimolar doses of unlabeled CRF. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence that CRF directly targets reticulospinal and serotonergic neurons in the MRF and indicate that CRF may enhance locomotion via direct effects on the hindbrain, including the reticulospinal system.
Novel CD19 expression in a peripheral T cell lymphoma: A flow cytometry case report with morphologic correlation.

Background Peripheral T-cell lymphomas are uncommon lymphomas that show T-cell antigenic loss and clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement. Rare cases of T-cell lymphomas with aberrant expression of CD20 have been described. However, CD19 coexpression in a mature T-cell neoplasm has not been reported. Methods Histology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR for TCR gene rearrangement were performed on an excised lymph node specimen and a subsequent fine needle aspiration (FNA) of an additional lymph node. Flow cytometry (FC) was performed on FNA and peripheral blood specimen. Results The lymph node's architecture was effaced by a diffuse atypical lymphoid proliferation that, by IHC, was positive for CD3, CD2, and CD43 and negative for CD4, CD5, CD8, TdT, CD1a, and B-cell-associated antigens PAX-5, CD20, and CD79a. A clonal TCR gene rearrangement was detected. FC was performed on a subsequent FNA, and peripheral blood specimen demonstrated an aberrant T-cell population with expression of CD2, CD3, CD27, TCR α/β, CD52, CD38, CD45, and CD26 (partial expression) and negative for CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD30, and CD56. The aberrant T-cell population also expressed bright CD19. Conclusions Using FC, we describe the first case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma with aberrant coexpression of CD19. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Investigating Attraction Compatibility in an East Texas City

The study was undertaken in Tyler, Texas, a city of 83 000 population in which the primary tourism attraction is the Caldwell Zoo. The focus was on the compatibility of ancillary attractions to the zoo and their role in adding to the city’s cumulative attraction. A sample of 1559 zoo visitors were surveyed. The results revealed that (i) there was a high degree of compatibility between the zoo and other attractions within the city; (ii) tourism spending by those travelling more than 60 miles was signifi cantly higher than those travelling fewer than 60 miles; (iii) expenditures increased as the number of additional attractions visited increased, but started to decrease when the number of attractions totalled to fi ve or more; and (iv) the number of additional attractions visited decreased as the distance travelled increased. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Leadership Personnel Preparation Grants on the Doctoral Student Population in Special Education

Over the last decade, concern has grown regarding the faculty shortage in special education (Sindelar & Rosenberg, 2003). In part as a reaction to a federally funded study conducted in 1999, the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) increased funding for doctoral study in the form of Special Education Leadership Personnel Grants (Gilmore, 2005; Price-Ellingstad, 2005). This paper reports results of a nationwide survey of 619 students from 78 doctoral programs. It compares demographic and background data of current doctoral students to students surveyed in 1999. Results indicate that although the doctoral population does appear to be changing in the direction recommended by researchers in 1999, both contemporary views about doctoral study and the resulting agenda need to be rethought.
Starch gelatinization and microstructure of Azuki an granules prepared from whole, abraded, or ground beans

An, the Japanese equivalent of bean paste, is conventionally prepared by mashing whole cooked beans and removing the seed coats. An granules processed from raw azuki beans with 1 sec of abrasion, 2 sec of abrasion or a grinding treatment prior to cooking were compared to an granules processed from raw whole beans. The effects on the microstructure of an granules of increasing the cooking time from 30 to 45 min for beans pretreated with 1 sec of abrasion, or from 85 to 120 min for whole beans were also examined. Freeze dried an granules processed from beans abraded for 1 or 2 sec, or whole beans, were intact. Freeze dried an granules processed from ground beans exhibited ruptured cell walls. Freeze dried an granules also exhibited damaged cell walls when the cooking times during the an process were increased. The starch gelatinization enthalpies determined by differential scanning calorimetry for an processed from whole beans, from beans pretreated by abrasion or grinding, or with the increased cooking times were 45–54% of the starch gelatinization enthalpy determined for raw azuki bean cotyledon flours.
On the sensitivity of infrasonic traveltimes in the equatorial region to the atmospheric tides

[1] In comparison to the lower atmosphere where comprehensive global atmospheric specifications are commonplace, the ability to perform routine global measurements of the properties of the atmosphere above the stratopause continues to be an active area of scientific research. In this paper, we revisit the use of infrasound as a remote sensing technique for horizontal winds in the upper atmosphere. To use infrasound to monitor the winds in the upper atmosphere, a sufficiently strong and persistent infrasound source is required. In addition, because of the highly attenuating nature of the thermosphere, the signals used must have low enough frequency content to survive. In this paper, impulsive signals from the Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador are used. This volcano has gone through periods of intense activity during which impulsive signals of dominant periods between 3 and 5 s are emitted. Depending on the atmospheric conditions, stratospheric, mesospheric, and thermospheric arrivals are observed. It is found that the traveltimes of the thermospheric arrivals exhibit a coherent variability with periods equal to those of the tidal harmonics. As such, these observations suggest a means of passive atmospheric remote sensing that can be utilized in conjunction with other techniques to routinely measure the state of the upper atmosphere.
Second-order surface analysis using hybrid symbolic and numeric operators

Results from analyzing the curvature of a surface can be used to improve the implementation, efficiency, and effectiveness of manufacturing and visualization of sculptured surfaces.We develop a robust method using hybrid symbolic and numeric operators to create trimmed surfaces, each of which is solely convex, concave, or saddle and partitions the original surface. The same method is also used to identify regions whose curvature lies within prespecified bounds.
Error analysis and selection of optimal excitation parameters for the sensing of CO 2 and O 2 from space in a proposed ASCENDS mission implementation

Simulation studies to optimize sensing of CO 2 and O 2 from space are described. Uncertainties in line-by-line calculations unaccounted for in previous studies identified. Multivariate methods are employed for measurement wavelengths selection.
Phthalonitrile polymers: Cure behavior and properties

This article compares the cure behavior and properties of phthalonitrile polymers derived from three different monomers, namely, 4,4′-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane and 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]propane. Rheometric measurements with monomer melt in the presence of an aromatic diamine curing agent reveal that the rate of the cure reaction differs for the three monomers. The rate is dependent on the concentration of the curing agent. The glass transition temperature advances with increasing extent of cure and disappears upon postcure at temperatures in excess of 350°C. Based on thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal stability of all three polymers are comparable, whereas the fluorine-containing resin shows the best oxidative stability at elevated temperatures. Microscale calorimetric studies on all three polymers reveal that the char yields are high and the total heat release upon exposure to 50 kW/m2 flux for each polymer is low, compared to other thermosets. Flexural strength ranges between 80–120 MPa. The water uptake under ambient conditions is less than 3% by weight after submersion in water for seven months. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 2105–2111, 1999
Evidence of sophisticated voting in a committee setting: theory and experiments

This article seeks to use laboratory experimental methods in order to investigate the extent to which decision makers employ sophisticated voting strategies. Using two experimental settings that provide very different incentives for sophisticated voting behavior, the analysis turns up little evidence that participants rely on perfect foresight when confronting lengthy voting agendas. However, these experimental results point toward members using a weaker version of sophistication when anticipating complex decision settings. The findings from this article suggest that decision makers employ only limited foresight when choosing among voting strategies.
Written emotional disclosure and processing of trauma are associated with protected health status and immunity in people living with HIV/AIDS

Objective—This study compared written emotional disclosure and processing of trauma among a relatively rare group of people with AIDS with atypically favourable disease status with an HIV+ comparison group. The study also examined the mediational role of emotional/cognitive processing and natural killer (NK) cells. Design—This study utilized a cross-sectional group comparison design. Method—Two HIV+ groups, the Healthy Survivors (N = 37; > 9-months with <50 CD4 cells/ mm 3 and asymptomatic), and an HIV+ comparison groups (N = 100) wrote essays describing their reactions to past traumas; these were scored for emotional disclosure/processing. Results—Healthy survivors had higher levels of emotional disclosure and emotional/cognitive processing than the comparison group. Emotional/cognitive processing mediated the relationship between emotional disclosure and group membership. NK cell number mediated the relationship between emotional/cognitive processing and ‘healthy survival’. Conclusions—The results suggest that higher levels of emotional disclosure and processing of trauma may confer health and immunological benefits to people living with HIV/AIDS. As people living with HIV confront many disease-related stressors, it is possible that an individual’s ability to express and process their emotions in relation to these stressors may confer health or immune benefit (O’Cleirigh et al., 2003) and may account for some of this observed variation. We hypothesized that higher levels of emotional expression and processing would be characteristic of a relatively rare group of patients with AIDS who in spite of very low CD4 cell (<50) remained asymptomatic of AIDS-related symptoms for more than 9 months (without the benefit of protease inhibitor medication) as compared with an HIV + comparison group at an earlier stage of disease. This rare group of survivors have been previously identified with distinct psychosocial (Solomon, Benton, Harker, Bonavida, & Fletcher, 1993) and immunological (Ironson et al., 2001) profiles. Consistent with this research, we further hypothesized that emotional/cognitive processing would mediate the relationship between emotional disclosure and group membership and further that natural killer (NK) cell number would mediate the relationship between emotional/cognitive processing and group membership.
A review of the pharmacotherapy of adults with Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: Despite the increasing recognition of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults, the use of pharmacotherapeutics remains less established.Methods: A systematic review of the literature identified 15 studies (N = 435 subjects) of stimulants, and 22 studies of non- stimulant medications (N = 421 subjects) including antidepressants, antihypertensives, amino acids, and wake-promoting agents for the treatment of ADHD in adults.Results: Studies with stimulants and antidepressants demonstrated significant short-term improvement in ADHD symptoms compared to placebo in adults. Methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamine had an immediate onset of action whereas the ADHD response to pemoline and antidepressants appeared delayed. The response to amphetamine and MPH appears to be dose-dependent. Controlled data on nicotonic and noradrenergic compounds appear promising. There was considerable variability In diagnostic criteria, dosing parameters, and response rates between the various studies.Concl...
Ultrastructural analysis of the granulosa--luteal cell transition in the ovary of the dog.

The transition from ovarian granulosa to lutein cell during the estrus cycle of 60 pregnant and non-pregnant beagle bitches was analyzed by light and electron microscopy (both 100 and 1000 KV). Early proestrus was characterized by a gradual rise in serum estrogen levels, hyperplasia of the granulosa cells, the accumulation of follicular fluid, and the development of tortuous intercellular channels. During the second half of proestrus, serum estrogen levels continued to rise, but growth, division, and differentiation of the granulosa cells was minimal. Estrus was marked by the first acceptance of the male and a well-defined LH peak In the subsequent 24 hour period, the granulosa-lutein cells hypertrophy rapidly and develop a large Golgi apparatus, small profiles of granular endoplasmic reticulum, numerous microfilaments, and large gap junctions between the cells. Mitochondria also proliferate, enlarge, and elongate, but retain lamelliform cristae. Luteinization of the cells and progesterone secretion begin just after ovulation which in turn occurs about 24 hours after the LH peak. On the third and fourth day of estrus, numerous small vesicles of agranular endoplasmic reticulum fill the cytoplasm and the mitochondria swell up and round off. The vesicles rapidly fuse into whorled and flattened cisternae or anastomosing tubules of agranular endoplasmic reticulum, while the mitochondria develop tubulovesicular cristae. These structures gradually become organized with respect to the basal lamina. The Golgi apparatus is centered over the pole of the nucleus that faces the pericapillary space. Stacked and whorled cisternae of agranular ER develop in the lateral margins and avascular end of the cell while mitochondria and tubular elements of agranular ER predominate in the central medial and most basal portions of the cytoplasm. Microfilaments are ubiquitous and appear to be instrumental in this orientation process. The cell surface develops three distinct regional specializations that coincide with the underlying cellular compartment: interconnecting pleomorphic folds fill the pericapillary space; long tenous microvilli project from the lateral cell surface and form tortuous intercellular channels and canaliculi; and large gap junctions form along the margins of the cell furthest removed from the basal lamina. By the sixth day of estrus, the granulosa-luteal cell transition is nearly complete and serum progesterone levels are on the rise.
Analysis of HLA genes in families with autoimmune diabetes and thyroiditis

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are the most common autoimmune endocrine disorders. The similar pathogenesis of T1D and AITD and their tendency to occur together suggest that their etiology may involve common genetic factors. We hypothesized that the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus may contribute in part to the joint susceptibility to T1D and AITD. We therefore analyzed a data set of 40 multiplex families in which T1D and AITD clustered ("T1D-AITD families") for linkage and association with the HLA class II locus. We found evidence for linkage of the HLA region to T1D (maximum logarithm of odds score [MLS] = 7.3), to Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) (MLS = 1.5), and to both (MLS = 3.8). Transmission disequilibrium test analysis revealed significant association of both T1D and AITD with HLA-DR3; however, only T1D was associated with HLA-DR4. We concluded that the finding of evidence for linkage of HLA with HT is in contrast to the strong evidence against linkage found in previous studies of AITD-only families; therefore, it is possible that the AITD phenotype seen in T1D families has a different genetic etiology than the AITD phenotype in AITD-only families; that HLA-DR3 was the major HLA allele contributing to the joint genetic susceptibility to T1D and AITD, whereas other alleles (e.g., DR4) are phenotype specific; and that because the logarithm of odds score for T1D + HT was lower than for T1D alone, additional non-HLA loci must contribute to the shared genetic susceptibility to T1D and AITD.
Face features and face configurations both contribute to visual crowding

Crowding refers to the inability to recognize an object in peripheral vision when other objects are presented nearby (Whitney & Levi Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 160-168, 2011). A popular explanation of crowding is that features of the target and flankers are combined inappropriately when they are located within an integration field, thus impairing target recognition (Pelli, Palomares, & Majaj Journal of Vision, 4(12), 12:1136-1169, 2004). However, it remains unclear which features of the target and flankers are combined inappropriately to cause crowding (Levi Vision Research, 48, 635-654, 2008). For example, in a complex stimulus (e.g., a face), to what extent does crowding result from the integration of features at a part-based level or at the level of global processing of the configural appearance? In this study, we used a face categorization task and different types of flankers to examine how much the magnitude of visual crowding depends on the similarity of face parts or of global configurations. We created flankers with face-like features (e.g., the eyes, nose, and mouth) in typical and scrambled configurations to examine the impacts of part appearance and global configuration on the visual crowding of faces. Additionally, we used "electrical socket" flankers that mimicked first-order face configuration but had only schematic features, to examine the extent to which global face geometry impacted crowding. Our results indicated that both face parts and configurations contribute to visual crowding, suggesting that face similarity as realized under crowded conditions includes both aspects of facial appearance.
The future of hunting: an age-period-cohort analysis of deer hunter decline

This paper employs a cohort analysis to examine the recent decline in the number of deer hunters in the State of Wisconsin and considers the implications of hunter decline for wildlife management and conservation. North American natural resource management strategies currently depend on hunters and anglers to fund habitat conservation, wildlife management, and land protection through license fees and special taxes on hunting equipment. However, hunter participation is declining across the United States, challenging the long-term viability of this approach. We undertake an age-period-cohort (APC) approach to analyze hunter participation rates and introduce an APC method to project the future number of hunters in Wisconsin. We find that if the recent patterns continue, the number of Wisconsin male deer hunters will decline by more than 10 % (55,304 hunters) in the next 10 years and an additional 18 % (88,552 hunters) between 2020 and 2030.
Flexible Composite Wing with Internal Actuation for Roll Maneuver

Abstract : This paper is concerned with designing an optimum composite flexible wing structure to enhance roll maneuver capability at high dynamic pressures using an embedded actuating system without external control surfaces. A minimum weight design, with constraints on strength for three different flight conditions, on the frequency distribution and lift effectiveness was used for this study. The elastic twist and camber is achieved by providing a system of actuating elements distributed within the internal substructure of the wing to provide control forces. The modal approach is used to develop the dynamic equilibrium equations which culminates in the steady roll maneuver of a wing subjected to aerodynamic loads and the actuating forces. The distribution of actuating forces to achieve the specified steady roll rate and roll angle of the flexible vehicle within a specified time was determined by using Independent Modal-Space Control (IMSC) design approach. Here, a full-scale realistic wing is considered for the assessment of the strain energy and distribution of actuator forces required to produce the antisymmetric twist and camber deformation to achieve the specified roll performance.
Relationship of Triglyceride Accumulation to Insulin Clearance and Hormonal Responsiveness in Bovine Hepatocytes

The accumulation of triglycerides in the liver has been associated with reduced hepatic function; however, direct evidence that fat accumulation causes decreased liver function is lacking. Hepatocyte monolayers isolated from ruminating calves with an initial low triglyceride concentration were either loaded or not loaded with triglycerides by incubation with 1.5 or 0 mM exogenous nonesterified fatty acids from 12 to 48 h after plating. Basal rates of synthesis of albumin and protein were not affected by triglycerides in the cell. Inclusion of insulin and glucagon from 12 to 72 h after plating increased rates of albumin and protein synthesis. Hepatocytes loaded with triglycerides were less sensitive to the hormonal stimulation of albumin and protein synthesis than were normal hepatocytes. Insulin clearance rates were also lower in hepatocytes loaded with triglycerides than in normal hepatocytes. Decreased insulin clearance and hormonal control of protein synthesis could contribute to the etiology of metabolic disorders that are associated with periparturient fatty liver in dairy cows.
A singular Gierer–Meinhardt system of elliptic equations

Abstract We establish the existence of solutions to a singular non-quasimonotone system of equations. Such equations are a special case of the Gierer–Meinhardt equations. In the one dimensional case, the uniqueness result is also proved.
Dopamine D4 receptors in rat forebrain: unchanged with amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization

Dopamine D(2) receptors are implicated in stimulant-induced behavioral sensitization.(7,10) Studies using selective receptor antagonists also implicate the D(4) receptor, a member of the dopamine D(2)-like receptor family.(3) Accordingly, dopamine D(4) and D(2)-like receptor levels in rat forebrain were examined by computed autoradiography after repeated (+)-amphetamine treatment that induced behavioral sensitization. Receptor binding was quantified in critical brain regions including caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens septi, medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. No significant differences in D(4) or D(2)-like receptor levels were detected among rats sensitized to amphetamine, those exposed to amphetamine but killed before behavioral sensitization emerged or vehicle-treated controls. The findings indicate that expression of amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization is not associated with altered D(4) (or D(2)) receptor density in rat forebrain.
Parsing Science and Prejudice: Susannah Heschel on “The Aryan Jesus” in Nazi Germany

Susannah Heschel has now written two books about Jesus, one on the “Aryan Jesus” and one on the “Jewish Jesus.” The recent one, published in 2008, focuses on the German Protestant Church and Protestant theologians during the Nazi period. Heschel describes their efforts, consistent with Nazi ideology, to “dejudaize” Christianity. The former book, published in 1998, focuses on Abraham Geiger, a German Jewish theologian of the nineteenth century.1 Heschel describes his challenge to the dominant Christian viewpoint of his day, his effort to view Christianity through a Jewish lens. Each book makes an important contribution on its own. Taken together, they make an especially important set of claims. Heschel’s work is consistent with the concerns of Geiger, as she probes the boundaries of Christianity and Judaism. It is also consistent with the work of her father, Abraham Joshua Heschel, who studied and taught in the Jewish and Christian milieu of Berlin in the 1930s and finished his career in the Jewish and Christian milieu of New York, the Jewish Theological Seminary, and Union Theological Seminary in the 1960s and early 1970s. Like them, she studies the nexus between Judaism and Christianity. Her work also points to another nexus, that between science and prejudice.
Hydrated interplanetary dust particle linked with carbonaceous chondrites

The results of transmission electron microscope observations of a hydrated interplanetary dust particle (IDP) containing Fe-, Mg-rich smectite or mica as a major phase are reported. The sheet silicate appears to have formed by alteration of anhydrous silicates. Fassaite, a Ca, Al clinopyroxene, also occurs in this particle, and one of the crystals exhibits solar-flare tracks, clearly indicating that it is extraterrestrial. Fassaite is a major constituent of the Ca-, Al-rich refractory inclusions found in the carbonaceous chondrites, so its presence in this particle suggests that there may be a link between hydrated IDPs and carbonaceous chondrites in the early history of the solar system.
Prostaglandin F2α stimulates gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat liver and this effect is blunted in livers from endotoxin infused rats

Prostaglandin F2α stimulates gluconeogenesis from lactate plus pyruvate in perfused rat livers. Continuous endotoxin infusion for 30 hin vivo prior to F2α stimulation blunts this effect.
An adaptive testbed of energy harvesting active networked tags (EnHANTS) prototypes

EnHANTs will be small, flexible, and self-powered devices that will be attached to objects that are traditionally not networked (books, furniture, clothing), thereby enabling various tracking applications (more details are available at enhants.ee.columbia.edu). We demonstrate a small testbed of En- HANTs prototypes. The prototypes communicate using in-house-developed ultra-wide-band impulse radio (UWB-IR) transceivers. They create a multihop network and adapt the topology and communication patterns to the light energy harvested by the solar cells. The testbed includes a unique software-based light control system which enables controlled experiments. This demonstration accompanies [3].
Crowdsourcing the Virtual Reference Interview with Twitter

An important aspect of reference services is the commitment to knowledge sharing—knowledge sharing that now, through virtual reference and online resources, can extend faster and further than libra...