cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testosterone and Men's Marriages

We examine the relationship of testosterone to tendencies to marry and divorce, and to the quality of marriage, of a large representative sample of men. The analysis shows that men producing more testosterone are less likely to marry and more likely to divorce. Once married they are more likely to leave home because of troubled marital relations, extramarital sex, hitting or throwing things at their spouses, and experiencing a lower quality of marital interaction. Sociological models that might be informed by thisfinding are examined, and its implications for subsequent research are discussed. Studies of the relation between testosterone and marital relations have focused on coital frequency but little else. For example, Morris et al. (1987) showed that female testosterone is related to increases in sexual intercourse. One exception to this focus of testosterone studies is a study by Julian and McKenry (1989) of 39 middle-aged men which showed that testosterone and marital happiness have a negative relationship. Despite the paucity of research, there are important reasons to examine the relation between testosterone and marriage in more detail. Because testosterone has consistent and moderately strong links with aggression (see Meyer-Bahlburg 1981 for summary), dominance (Gray, Jackson & McKinlay 1991), sensation seeking (Daitzman & Zuckerman 1980), depressed occupational achievement (Dabbs 1992), and antisocial behavior such as fighting, nontraffic arrests, and drug use (Dabbs & Morris 1990), it would appear that elevated testosterone has the potential to affect marriages adversely. The purpose of the investigation reported here is to examine the relation between * We are indebted to Paul Amato, Lynn White, Harriet Presser, Philip Morgan, and David Johnson for their comments on an early version of this manuscript. A draft of this article was presented at the Population Association of America meeting in May, 1992. This research was supported in part by grantMMH442525from theAntisocial and Violent Behavior Branch of the National Institute of Mental Health, and the Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, with core support from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant 1-HD28263. The data was originally gathered as part of the Vietnam military experience study, conducted by the Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Public Health Service, under a cooperative agreement with the Veterans Administration. Direct correspondence to Alan Booth, Sociology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
Distance education research: a review of the literature

Distance education is defined, the various approaches for effective research are summarized, and the results of major research reviews of the field are explained in this article. Additionally, two major areas of research are included—research on barriers to the adoption of distance education and research summaries that explain and support best practices in the field. This paper concludes with the summary statement that it is not different education, it is distance education; what is known about effectiveness in education is most often also applicable to distance education.
A Study of Insecticide Resistance in Strains of Drosophila melanogaster Meig.

The development of strains or races of insects that are resistant to insecticides is a serious obstacle to the progress of chemical pest control. In many cases recommendations at first viewed as offering a permanent solution for an entomological problem have had to be abandoned within a very few years. Until the general relationships governing insccticidnl resistance are reduced to an orderly and understandable basis, the permanent soIution nf an insect pest control problem by chemical treatment is largelv an unjustifiable expectation.
Chest Pain and Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient With Surgically Corrected Anomalous Right Coronary Artery From the Left Sinus of Valsalva

We present a case of an adult patient who had anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) from the left sinus of Valsalva that had been treated surgically in the past and who presented years later with chest pain and runs of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. Coronary angiography showed a patent unroofed RCA with appropriately repositioned origin and no obstructive coronary artery disease. This case presents angiographic documentation of a technically satisfactory repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery and suggests that potentially lethal arrhythmia can occur despite a technically satisfactory repair.
A chronic inflammatory response dominates the skeletal muscle molecular signature in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice

Mutations in dystrophin cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), but absent dystrophin does not invariably cause necrosis in all muscles, life stages and species. Using DNA microarray, we established a molecular signature of dystrophinopathy in the mdx mouse, with evidence that secondary mechanisms are key contributors to pathogenesis. We used variability controls, adequate replicates and stringent analytic tools, including significance analysis of microarrays to estimate and manage false positive rates. In leg muscle, we identified 242 differentially expressed genes, >75% of which have not been previously reported as altered in human or animal dystrophies. Data provide evidence for coordinated activity of numerous components of a chronic inflammatory response, including cytokine and chemokine signaling, leukocyte adhesion and diapedesis, invasive cell type-specific markers, and complement system activation. Selective chemokine upregulation was confirmed by RT-PCR and immunoblot, and may be a key determinant of the nature of the inflammatory response in dystrophic muscle. Up-regulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (minopontin, osteopontin) mRNA and protein in dystrophic muscle identified a novel linkage between inflammatory cells and repair processes. Extracellular matrix genes were up-regulated in mdx to levels similar to those in DMD. Since, unlike DMD, mdx exhibits little fibrosis, data suggest that collagen regulation at post-transcriptional stages mediates extensive fibrosis in DMD. Taken together, these data identify a relatively neglected aspect of DMD, suggest new treatment avenues, and highlight the value of genome-wide profiling in study of complex disease processes.
Induced axial oscillations in superconducting dipole windings

When superconducting accelerator magnets wound from a multi-stranded conductor are energized, a periodic variation appears in the magnetic field along the axis. This oscillation is present in all components of the field and has a period that is equal to the transposition pitch of the superconducting cable. Such axial variations have been observed even in windings which are not carrying any transport current. A magnetic field was applied to a portion of a dipole winding using a second magnet. Axial oscillations were induced along the total length of the windings including the portion not in the applied field. The amplitude of these oscillations varied with the amount of inert winding inside the energizing magnet and with the angle of the applied field. These field variations could be completely eliminated in the external portion of the coil by heating a small section of the winding above the transition temperature. >
Mothers, Children and Maternal‐Child Health in Image and Song

: [commentary, Music and Sound, Southern Africa, Malawi, Embagweni Hospital, public health education, medical anthropology, antenatal care, pregnancy, birth, obstetric outcomes, public health]
An Insensitive Acetylcholinesterase Confers Resistance to Methomyl in the Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Two forms of acetylcholinesterase were identified in field populations of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), collected from cotton in San Joaquin Valley, CA. Strains (BESS and BKRR) homogeneous for each variant were isolated and their relative susceptibilities to methomyl, chlorpyrifos, and chlorpyrifos-oxon assessed by topical application bioassay. In comparisons with a laboratory susceptible strain (DOW), BKRR and BESS expressed 68-fold and sevenfold resistance, respectively, to the carbamate methomyl. Neither strain was cross-resistant to chlorpyrifos or its oxygen analog (chlorpyrifos-oxon). In biochemical studies, the BKRR AChE enzyme was ≈30-fold and sixfold more insensitive to methomyl and chlorpyrifos-oxon, respectively, compared with the DOW enzyme. The correlation between the toxicological and biochemical studies provides strong evidence that target-site insensitivity is an important mechanism of resistance to methomyl. The lack of significant cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos suggests that the insensitive AChE in these field populations was selected by methomyl alone and not by the organophosphate.
COLLABORATIVE APPROACHES TO THE EVOLUTION OF MIGRATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE-BASED CONSERVATION IN SHOREBIRDS

SHOREBIRDS ARE AMONG the most highly migratory creatures on earth. Both the study of their ecology and ongoing efforts to conserve their populations must reflect this central aspect of their biology. Many species of shorebirds use migration and staging sites scattered throughout the hemisphere to complete their annual migrations between breeding areas and nonbreeding habitats (Morrison 1984). The vast distances between habitats they use pose significant challenges for studying their migration ecology. At the same time, the large number of political boundaries shorebirds cross during their epic migrations create parallel challenges for organizations working on their manage
Mapping the Contours of Translation: Visualized Un/Certainties in the Ozone Hole Controversy

ABSTRACTThis study of ozone-hole controversy demonstrates an approach to translation that captures material-discursive elements of environmental risk. By adapting actor–network theory’s notion of translation with Goodnight’s spheres of argument model, the author’s results reveal how uncertainties created sites for scientists and their images to perform in ways that visualized risk in public forums. Citizens then responded to these risks through amplified uncertainties and counterimages that envisioned a hole in the skin of the body public.
Translocation thermodynamics of linear and cyclic nonaarginine into model DPPC bilayer via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation: implications of pore formation and nonadditivity.

Structural mechanisms and underlying thermodynamic determinants of efficient internalization of charged cationic peptides (cell-penetrating peptides, CPPs) such as TAT, polyarginine, and their variants, into cells, cellular constructs, and model membrane/lipid bilayers (large and giant unilamellar or multilamelar vesicles) continue to garner significant attention. Two widely held views on the translocation mechanism center on endocytotic and nonendocytotic (diffusive) processes. Espousing the view of a purely diffusive internalization process (supported by recent experimental evidence, [Saalik, P.; et al. J. Controlled Release 2011, 153, 117–125]), we consider the underlying free energetics of the translocation of a nonaarginine peptide (Arg9) into a model DPPC bilayer. In the case of the Arg9 cationic peptide, recent experiments indicate a higher internalization efficiency of the cyclic structure (cyclic Arg9) relative to the linear conformer. Furthermore, recent all-atom resolution molecular dynamics si...
A comparison of solubilized and membrane bound forms of choline-O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) in mouse brain nerve endings

Abstract Mouse brain choline-O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) (ChAT) activity was studied in vitro using a 100 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) wash of a crude vesicular fraction containing solubilized ChAT and a washed crude vesicular fraction containing membrane bound ChAT. Both the solubilized and membrane bound forms of ChAT acetylate choline linearly for 30 min. High concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) inhibit solubilized ChAT to a greater degree than the membrane bound enzyme form. Forty per cent of the ACh synthesized by membrane bound ChAT survives hydrolysis in the presence of excess acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whereas almost none of of the ACh synthesized by the solubilized enzyme form does. Solubilized ChAT is significantly more inhibited by 4-(1-napthylvinyl)pyridine (4-NVP) either in vivo or in vitro than the membrane bound enzyme form. The activity of solubilized ChAT is increased as the sodium concentration is increased from 236 mM to 318 mM whereas the activity of the membrane bound form is not. Membrane bound ChAT has both a high ( K m = 3.2 μM ) and a low ( K m = 0.48mM ) affinity Michaelis constant as a function of added choline when velocity values are not corrected for acetylation of endogenous choline. Upon correction, only a low affinity Michaelis constant ( K m = 0.27mM ) is obtained for the membrane bound enzyme form similar to that of solubilized ChAT ( K m = 0.19mM ). The results suggest that a membrane bound form of ChAT exists in mouse brain.
Bayesian Decision Theory in Pricing Strategy

Both this article and the preceding one by Harry V. Roberts on “Bayesian Statistics in Marketing” (pp. 1–4) show that Bayesian statistics is a new and potentially powerful tool for systematically w...
The Regulation of ATP-Binding, PI Release and ADP Dissociation from Myosin II in Native Cardiac Myofibrils by the N-Terminal Extension of Cardiac Troponin T

Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) has an amino-terminal variable region that plays a role in modifying the overall protein conformation and functions in the calcium-dependent regulation of cardiac muscle contraction. Previous studies have shown that the N-terminal domain of cTnT mainly affects the tropomyosin binding site 1 that binds to the head-tail junction of tropomyosins in thin filament, a moiety involved in the cooperativity of the myofilaments upon calcium activation. It has also been shown that in comparison with wild type controls, transgenic mouse hearts over-expressing cTnT lacking the N-terminal variable region (cTnT-ND) had a decreased rate of contraction, which specifically elongates the rapid ejection phase while keeping total ejection time unchanged, suggesting that the altered cTnT molecule affects the actomyosin crossbridge kinetics. In the present study, we employed stopped flow analysis of mant-ATP binding, ADP dissociation and phosphate release in order to investigate which step(s) of the ATPase cycle is regulated by the N-terminal variable region of cTnT. The results showed that cTnT-ND myofibrils exhibited a maximum mant-ATP binding rate constant (k2) significantly lower than that of WT control, while the equilibrium constant K1 for the initial actomyosin complex formation remained unchanged over calcium concentration. ADP dissociation and Pi release from cTnT-ND myofibrils showed no significant change with increasing calcium concentration, however ADP release is slower in cTnT-ND myofibrils when compared to WT control. These results provide novel information regarding the function of the N-terminal variable region in modulating specific kinetic steps and selectively altering systolic but not diastolic function of the heart.
Some Definitions for the Theory of Rules

The concern of this paper is to present a system of definitions for such legal notions as legal obligation and prohibition, explicit and implicit permission, de jure liberty, operability, de jure power, liability, disability, and immunity. The non-logical primitive notions are three: a certain technical notion of action; the notion of a set of rules directing a state-ofaffairs; the notion of a set of rules legislating that such-and-such be the case if certain conditions are met.
Recycling of optical radiation by flash-lamps

It is well known that flashlamps behave as gray bodies which can absorb as well as emit radiation. Their conversion efficiency of absorbed radiation to emitted power is of considerable importance in understanding solid-state lasers and improving their efficiency. We have studied this problem experimentally and modeled our results computationally. Our experimental approach relies on comparing the output power as a function of wavelength for a flashlamp coated with a dielectric reflector to one with no coating.
Menkes Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Treatment

Five patients with maple syrup urine disease were treated intra-venously with branched-chain amino acid-free solution of amino acids during nine episodes of acute illness and are reported from the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, PA.
Utilization management in the routine hematology laboratory

The modern hematology laboratory is a highly automated operation, performing a variety of tests including blood and fluid cell counts, routine coagulation tests, and in many cases urinalysis. Despite its automated nature, the hematology laboratory also performs labor-intensive testing including microscopic review of blood and urine samples. Effective utilization management in the hematology laboratory involves initiatives to improve appropriate test ordering (reducing routine daily orders, discouraging preoperative orders in healthy patients, banning obsolete tests) and within laboratory strategies to reduce the volume of manual testing (validated instrument flagging rules). There are also new automated morphological technologies that are improving hematology workflow and efficiency. Successful implantation of these initiatives and technologies involves collaboration with clinicians on the test menu, physician education, and the implementation of decision support tools.
Smoking-related outcomes and associations with tobacco-free policy in addiction treatment, 2015–2016

Abstract Objective This study assessed changes in smoking-related outcomes in two cross-sectional samples of clients enrolled in addiction treatment and whether tobacco-free grounds policies were associated with smoking-related outcomes. Method Clients in 25 programs were surveyed in 2015 (N = 1176) and 2016 (N = 1055). The samples were compared on smoking prevalence, cigarettes per day (CPD), thinking of quitting, past year quit attempts, staff and clients smoking together, attitudes towards quitting, and tobacco-related services. Second, programs with (n = 6) and without (n = 17) tobacco-free grounds at both time points were compared on smoking-related outcomes. Last, we examined changes in these measures for two programs that adopted tobacco-free grounds between 2015 and 2016. Results There was one difference across years, such that the mean score for the tobacco Program Service scale increased from 2.37 to 2.48 (p = 0.043, effect size = 0.02). In programs with tobacco-free grounds policies, compared to those without, both CPD and the rate of staff and clients smoking together were significantly lower. In the two programs where tobacco-free grounds were implemented during study years, client smoking prevalence decreased (92.5% v. 67.6%, p = 0.005), the rate of staff and clients smoking together decreased (35.6% v. 4.2%, p = 0.031), mean CPD decreased (10.62 v. 8.24, p Conclusion Addiction treatment programs, and agencies responsible for licensing, regulating and funding these programs, should implement tobacco-free grounds policies.
Novel adaptive battery system for integration with multi-level inverters

A novel adaptive battery system with two battery sources is proposed to provide multiple output levels and increased benefits when integrated with multi-level inverters by improving the batteries' state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC). Applications of this topology include dynamic hybrid battery/inverter and photovoltaic/inverter systems. The system has been modeled and validated using Matlab software. Result show the benefits of the prosed system over existing approaches in overall operation and performance of the system.
Comparison of intubation devices in level C personal protective equipment: A cadaveric study.

Abstract Background With the advancement of chemical, biological and nuclear warfare and the reemergence of infectious diseases, the possibility of intubating in personal protective equipment has become increasingly more real to the emergency physician. Human cadaveric models have been found to simulate real world conditions better than mannequins. The aim of the study was to determine the first pass success rate and average time to successful intubation while wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Secondarily, subjects were asked to rank their choice of a primary and back up device, as well as the most common encountered barriers using PPE. Methods Emergency medicine residents and pre-hospital providers were enrolled in a double randomized sequence to either intubation with direct laryngoscopy (DL), video laryngoscopy (VL), or the Supraglottic Airway Laryngopharyngeal Tube (SALT) in a cadaveric model while wearing level C PPE or without PPE. Results First pass success rate was 96% without PPE and 58% while wearing PPE when all devices were considered (p ≤ 0.001). Time to intubation while wearing PPE was 35.0 s while no PPE was 22.2 s (p = 0.012). While wearing PPE both DL and VL were found to allow for a faster intubation as compared to the SALT (23.0 s and 18.8 s; p = 0.002 and p = 0.006 respectively). No statistical difference was noted in intubations without PPE. Participants indicated the most common barrier to successful intubation included visibility while wearing hoods (73.7%). Furthermore, 52.6% of participants indicated they would choose DL as the primary method to intubate with if wearing PPE while 47.4% would choose VL. Conclusion There is a statistically significant difference in first pass success and time to successful intubation while wearing and not wearing PPE in human cadaveric models.
Reviewing Lung Cancer Screening: The Who, Where, When, Why, and How

Lung cancer screening with annual low-dose computed tomography (CT) decreases lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients, as defined by smoking history (> 30 pack-years) and age (55-74 years). Risks to screening include overdiagnosis, anxiety about indeterminate nodules, and radiation exposure. To be effective, lung cancer screening must combine individualized risk assessment, shared decision-making, smoking cessation, structured reporting, high quality and multi-specialty cancer care, and reliable follow-up; a multidisciplinary approach is crucial. Specialty organizations have outlined both the components of high quality lung cancer screening programs and the proposed metrics that programs should track. Long-term outcomes of lung cancer screening in the general population, further refinement of who to screen, and use of biomarkers for early cancer detection are ongoing research questions.
Overview of state policies for energy efficiency in buildings

This paper introduces the major state-level regulations and policies for improving energy efficiency in buildings. The purpose of the review is to discuss the challenges and issues in policy implementation and the latest trend in adopting innovative instruments. The implementation of customer efficiency programs increasingly incorporates non-price instruments to encourage participation and deep savings. States pay attention to not only code adoption and update but also compliance and evaluation. Many states have adopted innovative policy instruments, including decoupling mechanisms and performance incentives to make energy efficiency a good business model for utilities, dynamic pricing to reduce consumption and peak load, flexible financing to provide incentives, and green labeling and benchmarking policies to increase information transparency. State governments continue to be the primary decision-makers for improving energy efficiency in buildings. Combined efforts on code/standard compliance and innovative policies are the leading strategy to promote energy efficiency.
Long-term caloric restriction delays age-related decline in proliferation capacity of murine lens epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.

Purpose The goal of this study was to examine the effects of age and long-term caloric restriction on the proliferation capacity of murine lens epithelial (LE) cells in vitro and in vivo. Methods B6D2F1 (C57BL/6 X DBA/2) F1 mice 4 to 45 months of age were obtained and fed either an ad libitum (AL) or a calorically restricted (CR) diet (60% of AL intake). Cellular proliferation capacity in vitro was measured using the colony size distribution assay for 10-day clonal growth of mouse LE cells. Proliferation rate in vivo was assayed using immunostaining for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) in mouse LE cells after 2-week osmotic pump delivery of BrdU. Results Proliferative capacity of cells from old AL mice decreased significantly in comparison to cells from young AL and old CR mice, as determined by the fractions of cells capable of forming small (no or one cell division) and large (four or more cell divisions) colonies in vitro. There was also a decline in cell replicative rate as measured by BrdU labeling index (LI) in vivo with increasing age in AL and CR mice. However, this decline was marked in AL mice between 10 and 30 months of age and minimal in CR mice. Significant differences in BudU LI between AL and CR mice occurred when animals were 30 months of age or older. This finding indicates that an age-related decline in cellular proliferation rate in vivo was delayed by CR. Conclusions A significantly reduced proliferative capacity of LE cells is associated with increased age of mice and is delayed by long-term caloric restriction as measured in vitro and in vivo. How caloric restriction mediates its effects on LE cell proliferation remains to be investigated further.
Neurobiology of cholecystokinin

The peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is widely distributed throughout the mammalian brain where it functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. CCK is colocalized with other neurotransmitters at a variety of brain sites. CCK receptor subtypes have been identified and their distributions mapped in the brain and the periphery. Exogenous CCK exerts a variety of effects depending on the site of administration, and many of these effects mimic actions of the endogenous peptide. Progress in understanding of the potential role of CCK in brain and behavior has focused on four main areas: CCK/dopamine interactions, CCK in anxiety and panic states, CCK in opioid nociception, and CCK in satiety. CCK's actions in modulating the activity of other neurotransmitters systems or in affecting behavior may serve as the bases for future therapeutic interventions.
Picturing the Soul: Moral Psychology and the Recovery of the Emotions

This paper draws from the resources of Iris Murdoch's moral philosophy to analyze the ethical status of the emotions at two related levels of reflection. Methodologically, it argues that a recovery of the emotions requires a revised notion of moral theory which affirms the basic orientation of consciousness to some notion of value or the good. Such a theory challenges many of the rationalist premises which in the past have led moral theory to reject the role of emotions in ethics. In particular, it acknowledges the centrality of moral psychology to ethics and reclaims the notion of consciousness rather than the will as the primary mode of human moral being. At a second, more substantive level, the paper explores the relation between the emotions and consciousness. Specifically, it defends a cognitivist and “reflexive” theory of the emotions which affirms a strong relation between the emotions and our evaluative beliefs. On this view, the emotions reflexively mediate our relation to objective value. In order to earn their cognitive status, however, the emotions must be tested in relation to a critical principle in order to guard against the egoistic tendencies of consciousness to build up images of reality to serve its own purposes. Therefore, a theory of the Good must be part of the critical content of a reflexive theory of the emotions.
Mapping the Implementation Landscape: Assessing the Systemic Capacity of Statewide Community Corrections Agencies to Deliver Evidence-Based Practices

Treatment quality is a critical moderator for programs to successfully reduce recidivism. Yet the implementation of any new initiative occurs within an organizational context. This study provides r...
On the asymptotic growth of bipartite graceful permutations

Abstract We give exact growth rates for the number of bipartite graceful permutations of the symbols { 0 , 1 , … , n − 1 } that start with a for a ≤ 14 (equivalently, α -labelings of paths with n vertices that have a as a pendant label). In particular, when a = 14 the growth is asymptotically like λ n for λ ≈ 3 . 461 . The number of graceful permutations of length n grows at least this fast, improving on the best existing asymptotic lower bound of 2 . 3 7 n . Combined with existing theory, this improves the known lower bounds on the number of Hamiltonian decompositions of the complete graph K 2 n + 1 and on the number of cyclic oriented triangular embeddings of K 12 s + 3 and K 12 s + 7 . We also give the first exponential lower bound on the number of R-sequencings of Z 2 n + 1 .
Participation in Social Skills Therapy is Associated With Enhanced Recall Memory by Children With Down Syndrome: An Exploratory Study.

Participation in social skills therapy (SST) facilitates cognitive functioning in children with developmental disabilities. The present pilot study examined whether participation in SST was associa...
EXPRESS: Myocardial Bridge - An Unrecognized Cause of Chest Pain in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by an increased pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in progressive right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. While dyspnea on exertion is...
Long-term Causal Effects via Behavioral Game Theory

Planned experiments are the gold standard in reliably comparing the causal effect of switching from a baseline policy to a new policy. % One critical shortcoming of classical experimental methods, however, is that they typically do not take into account the dynamic nature of response to policy changes. For instance, in an experiment where we seek to understand the effects of a new ad pricing policy on auction revenue, agents may adapt their bidding in response to the experimental pricing changes. Thus, causal effects of the new pricing policy after such adaptation period, the {\em long-term causal effects}, are not captured by the classical methodology even though they clearly are more indicative of the value of the new policy. % Here, we formalize a framework to define and estimate long-term causal effects of policy changes in multiagent economies. Central to our approach is behavioral game theory, which we leverage to formulate the ignorability assumptions that are necessary for causal inference. Under such assumptions we estimate long-term causal effects through a latent space approach, where a behavioral model of how agents act conditional on their latent behaviors is combined with a temporal model of how behaviors evolve over time.
Outcome of endoscopic resection of colonic polyps larger than 10 mm in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background and study aims There are limited published data on endoscopic removal of colorectal polyps by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients and methods We performed a retrospective review of patients with colonic IBD and colonic polyps >10mm who underwent EMR and/or ESD at our institution between January 1, 2012 and June 31, 2016. Results Ninety-seven patients with pathology-confirmed IBD (median disease duration 16 years) were included. Mild or moderate active colitis (in background biopsies) was seen in 85 %. Of the total 124 polyps, location was ascending colon in 44 %, transverse in 15 % and sigmoid in 18.5 %; of the total, 55 % were Conclusion This study demonstrates the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection of large polyps in patients with IBD, making them effective alternatives to colectomy.
Honeycomblike Phononic Networks of Spins with Closed Mechanical Subsystems

In a mechanical network of solid-state spins, spin qubits in adjacent mechanical resonators are coupled via vibrations. This nearest-neighbor (NN) mechanical coupling, however, can also lead to the formation of spectrally dense mechanical modes, with crosstalk spoiling the required control of individual modes. With phononic band-gap engineering, a honeycomblike mechanical network is designed such that vibrations can be confined to any two adjacent resonators and the waveguide between them, enabling NN coupling without spectrally dense modes. This mechanical network can serve as an experimental platform for exploring topological quantum excitations and quantum computing.
Change Detection in Core-Periphery Networks: A Case Study on Detecting Financial Crises in the Interbank Market

We develop and present a new methodology to detect regime changes within a sequence of sparse networks that have overlapping and evolving community structure. The core of the methodology is a non-negative matrix factorization that maximizes a Poisson likelihood subject to a penalty that accounts for sparsity in the network. By fitting the factorization model over a rolling window with a fast numerical optimization algorithm, change detection is accomplished by statistical monitoring of the matrix factors' evolution. Using synthetic and real financial interbank lending networks, we demonstrate that the proposed methodology compares favorably with alternative techniques for on-the-go network change detection.
Computational Thinking and Flipped Classroom Model for Upper-Division Computer Science Majors

Graduation rates are generally low among undergraduate Computer Science (CS) majors, so we are motivated to employ flipped classroom model at CSUB to improve 4-year graduation rates. There is a plethora of literature supporting improved information retention using the flipped classroom model. However, its impact on upper-division core CS courses has been understudied. An active learning environment using Just-in-Time-Teaching (JiTT), pair instruction, and computational thinking has been implemented in this study. This flipped classroom model was applied to two upper-division CS courses, Computer Architecture II and Artificial Intelligence. A year-long study measured the impact on performance through surveys, performance on group activities, and class performance such as test scores, with comparison to a control population (non-flipped classroom class) normalized for a specific instructor. An increased student performance and ultimately better graduation rates among the 40 flipped classroom model students is anticipated.
Determinants of hospital outcomes for COVID-19 infections in a large Pennsylvania Health System

Abstract There is growing evidence that racial and ethnic minorities bear a disproportionate burden from COVID-19. Temporal changes in the pandemic epidemiology and diversity in the clinical course require careful study to identify determinants of poor outcomes. We analyzed 6255 individuals admitted with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 to one of 5 hospitals in the University of Pennsylvania Health System between March 2020 and March 2021, using electronic health records to assess risk factors and outcomes through 8 weeks post-admission. Discharge, readmission and mortality outcomes were analyzed in a multi-state model with multivariable Cox models for each transition. Mortality varied markedly over time, with cumulative incidence (95% CI) 30 days post-admission of 19.1% (16.9, 21.3) in March-April 2020, 5.7% (4.2, 7.5) in July-October 2020 and 10.5% (9.1,12.0) in January-March 2021; 26% of deaths occurred after discharge. Average age (SD) at admission varied from 62.7 (17.6) to 54.8 (19.9) to 60.5 (18.1); mechanical ventilation use declined from 21.3% to 9-11%. Compared to Caucasian, Black race was associated with more severe disease at admission, higher rates of co-morbidities and low-income resident zip code. Between-race risk differences in mortality risk diminished in multivariable models; while admitting hospital, increasing age, admission early in the pandemic, and severe disease and low blood pressure at admission were associated with increased mortality hazard. Hispanic ethnicity was associated with fewer baseline co-morbidities and lower mortality hazard (0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, .087). Multi-state modeling allows for a unified framework to analyze multiple outcomes throughout the disease course. Morbidity and mortality for hospitalized COVID-19 patients varied over time but post-discharge mortality remained non-trivial. Black race was associated with more risk factors for morbidity and with treatment at hospitals with lower mortality. Multivariable models suggest there are not between-race differences in outcomes. Future work is needed to better understand the identified between-hospital differences in mortality.
Two subunits of the canine signal peptidase complex are homologous to yeast SEC11 protein.

Canine microsomal signal peptidase activity was previously isolated as a complex of five subunits (25, 22/23, 21, 18, and 12 kDa). Two of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) subunits (23/23 and 21 kDa) have been cloned and sequenced. One of these, the 21-kDa subunit, was observed to be a mammalian homolog of SEC11 protein (Sec11p) (Greenburg, G., Shelness, G. S., and Blobel, G. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 15762-15765) a gene product essential for signal peptide processing and cell growth in yeast (Bohni, P.C., Deshqies, R.J., and Schekman, R.W. (1988) J. Cell Biol. 106, 1035-1042). cDNA clones for the 18-kDa SPC subunit have now been characterized and found to encode a second SEC11p homolog. Both the 18- and 21-kDa canine SPC subunits are integral membrane proteins by virtue of their resistance to alkaline extraction. Upon detergent solubilization, both proteins are found in a complex with the 22/23 kDa SPC subunit, the only SPC subunit containing N-linked oligosaccharide. No steady-state pool of canine Sec11p-like monomers is detected in microsomal membranes. Alkaline extraction of microsomes prior to solubilization or solubilization at alkaline pH causes partial dissociation of the SPC. The Sec11p-like subunits displaced from the complex under these conditions demonstrate no signal peptide processing activity by themselves. The existence of homologous subunits is common to a number of known protein complexes and provides further evidence that the association between SPC proteins observed in vitro may be physiologically relevant to the mechanism of signal peptide processing and perhaps protein translocation.
Recent advances in our understanding of chromospheric and coronal heating mechanisms

I will summarize some of the principal scientific results presented at the Conference on “Mechanisms of Chromospheric and Coronal Heating” held on 5–8 June 1990 in Heidelberg, Germany. The Conference included invited and contributed papers on observations that point to specific heating mechanisms and theoretical papers on the heating mechanisms themselves. There were many opportunities for useful interaction between proponents of these two approaches to understanding stellar chromospheres and coronae. I will concentrate on what is being learned from the empirical side, and then summarize the heating mechanisms discussed and for which types of stars they may be applicable.
Glutamate Receptor (γ‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxy‐5‐Methyl‐4‐Isoxazole Propionate and Kainate Subtype) Activity Enhanced by Dizocilpine (MK801) in Rat Hippocampus

l-Glutamate-mediated transmembrane influx of 22Na+ into a native membrane vesicle preparation from rat hippocampus was resolved into components due to glutamate receptor and Na+-glutamate symport, by kinetic analysis and pharmacological specificity. Measurements made with a quench-flow technique showed that receptor-mediated cation exchange proceeded in two phases, the faster phase progressively attenuated by a desensitization process with a half time of approximately 90 ms. The influx of 22Na+ continued in the second phase with a half time of 6 s. Receptor-mediated 22Na+ influx was replicated with the glutamate mimetics, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate and kainate but not with N-methyl-d-aspartate and was inhibited by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione but not by 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid. Receptor-mediated 22Na+ influx did not require glycine and was pH dependent; influx was inhibited at pH values less than pH 5.0. Thus, the receptor-mediated activity was of the γ-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate-kainate subtype. The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor inhibitor 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (dizocilpine or MK801), increased receptor-mediated transmembrane 22Na+ flux in both phases, but did not accelerate receptor desensitization. Receptor-mediated radiotracer exchange was the major contribution to 22Na+ influx in times less than 5 s and the receptor-mediated responses could be measured with a small correction for sodium-glutamate symport or in the presence of a glutamate-uptake inhibitor. A third phase of 22Na+ influx accessed a different internal volume and proceeded with the same first-order rate constant as [3H]glutamate uptake when measured simultaneously. This was shown to be mediated by the glutamate uptake mechanism, with a half time of 20–40 s varying with the preparation. The Na+ -glutamate symport became the largest cause of 22Na+ influx after at least 5 s, the final magnitude being, on average, twofold larger than the receptor-mediated 22Na+ influx.
Solar neutrinos and the decaying neutrino hypothesis

We explore, mostly using data from solar neutrino experiments, the hypothesis that the neutrino mass eigenstates are unstable. We find that, by combining $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino data with those on $^{7}\mathrm{Be}$ and lower-energy solar neutrinos, one obtains a mostly model-independent bound on both the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$ lifetimes. We comment on whether a nonzero neutrino decay width can improve the compatibility of the solar neutrino data with the massive neutrino hypothesis.
Gating the Gatekeeper: Tamraz v. Lincoln Electric Co. and the Expansion of Daubert Reviewing Authority

On September 8, 2010, in Tamraz v. Lincoln Electric Co., the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit held that a neurologist’s expert testimony was speculative and therefore inadmissible under Rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence. In so holding, the Sixth Circuit departed from its traditional deference to Rule 702 rulings of district court judges. This Comment argues that, although the Sixth Circuit’s decision is consistent with the requirements set forth by the 1993 U.S. Supreme Court decision Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, the Sixth Circuit opened the door to more aggressive review of Daubert rulings.
Effect of saliva contamination and cleansing solutions on the bond strengths of self-etch adhesives to dentin.

Purpose: This study determined the effect of saliva contamination and cleansing solutions on microtensile bond strengths of self-etch adhesives to dentin. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five human molars were ground flat to expose mid-coronal dentin and randomly assigned to five groups (N = 15): no contamination, saliva contamination without cleansing, saliva and cleansing with water, saliva and cleansing with 2% chlorhexidine, and saliva and cleansing with 5% sodium hypochlorite. One-third of the specimens in each group of 15 were bonded with Adper Prompt L-Pop (all-in-one self-etch adhesive; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA), one-third with Adper Easy Bond (all-in-one self-etch adhesive; 3M ESPE), and one-third with Clearfil SE Bond (self-etch primer system; Kuraray America, New York, NY, USA). Specimens were restored with composite and processed for microtensile bond strength testing (5–6 rods/tooth). Results: Mean bond strengths ranged from 17.3 MPa for Adper Prompt L-Pop after water cleansing to 69.3 MPa for Clearfil SE Bond after water cleansing. For all three adhesives, there was no statistically significant difference in bond strengths between the saliva contaminated group, the cleansing groups, and the no contamination groups. Conclusions: Neither saliva nor the cleansing solutions adversely affected bond strengths of the self-etch adhesive systems. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Saliva contamination of dentin does not seem to adversely affect bonding with self-etch adhesive systems. These results should be considered preliminary and need confirmatory studies before conclusive recommendations can be made for clinical practice. (J Esthet Restor Dent 22:402–411, 2010)
What my heart is turning

My heart. My heart a black flower. Not that. And is my heart an arrow when in the morning it is crowing. My heart, my heart's crowing, in the morning there is a blackness to the crowing of my heart. If in the morning it wakes you. If the sky is black and then it is not black, if the sky travels up from black and then if my heart is too loud. My heart is awake. If my heart is awake then my heart is too loud. If in the morning my heart is too loud and it wakes you and your muffled eyes open and there, there is my heart in the middle of the room. Or my heart is at the window, crowing and crowing. Then do not touch it but watch it. So when the sky has traveled its distance from black and then dark and then not dark and then pink, then, when my heart has spent its restless quiver. Touch it. Touch my heart so it burns. Turn and lean forward out of the bed, enter the room and touch my heart like fire (this black flower, this fever, this pitch, this scrubbed clean, this arch of morning, this riding night, this black pitch, this fever, this book in the mouth, this bird in the city, this siphon, this is prisoning, this fever, this pitch, this mouth on the shelf, this bed on the back, this black city, this arch of bird, this morning in the mouth, this woman riding night, this pitch of fire, this bird from the prison, this shelf of fever, this back is not clean, this arch in the chapter, this book in the morning, this pitch, this fever, this city's on fire), be fearless, touch me and that turning sun