cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Events at the Host-Microbial Interface of the Gastrointestinal Tract V. Paneth cell α-defensins in intestinal host defense

Host defense of the small intestine is mediated, in part, by antimicrobial peptides, including α-defensins. In the small intestine, Paneth cells, specialized secretory epithelial cells located at the base of the crypt invaginations lining the intestinal wall, produce α-defensins. The α-defensins are cysteine-rich cationic peptides with antibiotic activity against a wide range of bacteria and other microbes. Studies of transgenic and knockout mice have supported a pivotal role of Paneth cell α-defensins in protection from bacterial pathogens. New data suggest that deficient expression of Paneth cell α-defensins may contribute to the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Acute GVHD prophylaxis with standard-dose, micro-dose or no MTX after fludarabine/melphalan conditioning.

MTX is a standard component of acute GVHD prophylaxis. However, its use can be limited by toxicity. On the basis of disease risk, we prospectively assigned 132 consecutive patients from January 2005 to February 2011 undergoing first allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant after conditioning with fludarabine and melphalan to acute GVHD prophylaxis with tacrolimus/MTX (TAC/MTX, N=22), TAC/micro-dose MTX/mycophenolate mofetil (TAC/μMTX/MMF, N=78) or TAC/MMF (TAC/MMF, N=32), to optimize acute GVHD prevention and decrease mortality. The median (range) follow-up was 24 (0.8–60) months. The median patient ages (range) were 37 (23–63), 56 (20–68) and 54 (22–68) years (P<0.0001) for TAC/MTX, TAC/μMTX/MMF and TAC/MMF, respectively. The 100-day cumulative incidences of grade III–IV acute GVHD were 19, 23 and 49% (P=0.015), respectively. The cumulative incidences of severe chronic GVHD at 1 year were 38, 29 and 79% (P<0.001), respectively. Regimen-related toxicities were not significantly different among the three prophylaxis regimens. PFS and OS were equivalent between the TAC/MTX and TAC/μMTX/MMF arms despite significantly older patients in the latter arm, and both had superior PFS and OS than the TAC/MMF arm. Acute GVHD prophylaxis with TAC/μMTX/MMF is as effective as TAC/MTX and superior to TAC/MMF.
A multiplexed micromechanical cell stimulator for studying magnitude-dependent cell responses

Cellular mechanical stimulators with multiplexing and high-throughput capability often use multiple external pumps, which compromise simplicity and miniaturization. In this study, we report a bilayered microfluidic device driven by one single pump to deliver in-plane surface strains toward four membranes with proportional center strain magnitudes. The maximal strain magnitudes exhibited a constant proportionality (i.e., 1:2:3:4) under both static and dynamic loading conditions. The influences of the loading frequency and the total membrane number were examined. Proof-of-concept cell loading showed that the device can be used to investigate magnitude-dependent cell responses to mechanical stimuli, thus promising broad applications in cell mechanobiological studies where delivery of mechanical signals with controlled and varying magnitudes toward multiple loading sites is needed.
(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits Met signaling, proliferation, and invasiveness in human colon cancer cells

Abstract The Met receptor tyrosine kinase is deregulated in a variety of cancers and is correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. Thus, Met has been identified as an attractive candidate for targeted therapy. We compared the tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and a specific Met inhibitor, SU11274, as suppressing agents of Met signaling in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Treatment with hepatocyte growth factor increased phospho-Met levels, and this was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by EGCG and SU11274 (IC 50 3.0 vs. 0.05 μM, respectively). Downstream activation of Erk and Akt signaling pathways also was suppressed. Both compounds at a concentration of 5 μM lowered cell viability and proliferation, with EGCG being more effective than SU11274, and the invasion of colon cancer cells in Matrigel assays was strongly inhibited. These findings are discussed in the context of the pleiotropic effects of tea catechins, their tissue metabolite levels, and the potential to inhibit colon cancer metastasis and invasion.
DEFINING VERBAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN : A SURVEY

120 women and 31 men, mental health professionals and parents, rated 18 categories of parental verbalizations on acceptability in childrearing. There was general agreement (80%) that 10 categories of verbal behavior were never acceptable.
Fifty years of Clinical Chemistry, three pioneering editors.

When Dr. Harold D. Appleton took over the small, semi-regular newsletter, The Clinical Chemist , from Dr. Andre Kibrick, he “ate, drank and slept ‘The Clinical Chemist,’” according to Irving Sunshine, PhD. Dr. Appleton took over as editor in 1950 after working for 1 year as assistant editor under Dr. Kibrick. During his editorship, Appleton developed the newsletter into an excellent format of 12–20 pages per issue that included short review articles, abstracts, and descriptions of methods as well as news of the American Association of Clinical Chemists (AACC) (1). In addition, he introduced more advertising so that the newsletter could become self-supporting (1). Meeting several times between 1952 and 1954, the executive board of the fledgling AACC discussed whether an archived journal in clinical chemistry would be a viable endeavor and finally agreed to initiate one in 1954. In the September 1952 issue of The Clinical Chemist , Dr. Appleton foreshadowed the coming of our Journal by writing, ‘With the increase in membership dues in 1953 earmarked for the expansion of the newsletter, we hope to bring to our readers review articles of current scientific interest written by noted investigators and to slowly open our pages to original research. This will serve as the nucleus for a future “Journal of Clinical Chemistry”.’ In this same issue he urges AACC members to recruit advertising for The Clinical Chemist and wrote, “A page of advertising means another 2000 word article.” At its April 14, 1954, Executive Committee meeting the association approved beginning a journal, Clinical Chemistry . This was announced by Dr. Appleton in the June 1954 issue of The Clinical Chemist , when he wrote, ‘this more elaborate effort [the expanded Clinical Chemist] also proved inadequate for the needs and the Association has now decided to move into the …
Advances in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type I.

The mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of lysosomal storage diseases caused by a deficiency of enzymes that degrade glycosaminoglycans.1 Mucopolysaccharidosis type I, an autosomal recessive disorder...
A Flexible Docking Scheme Efficiently Captures the Energetics of Glycan-Cyanovirin Binding

Cyanovirin-N (CVN), a cyanobacterial lectin, exemplifies a class of antiviral agents that inhibit HIV by binding to the highly glycosylated envelope protein gp120. Here, we investigate the energetics of glycan recognition using a computationally inexpensive flexible docking approach, backbone perturbation docking (BP-Dock). We benchmarked our method using two mutants of CVN: P51G-m4-CVN, which binds dimannose with high affinity through domain B, and CVN(mutDB), in which binding to domain B has been abolished through mutation of five polar residues to small nonpolar side chains. We investigated the energetic contribution of these polar residues along with the additional position 53 by docking dimannose to single-point CVN mutant models. Analysis of the docking simulations indicated that the E41A/G and T57A mutations led to a significant decrease in binding energy scores due to rearrangements of the hydrogen-bond network that reverberated throughout the binding cavity. N42A decreased the binding score to a level comparable to that of CVN(mutDB) by affecting the integrity of the local protein structure. In contrast, N53S resulted in a high binding energy score, similar to P51G-m4-CVN. Experimental characterization of the five mutants by NMR spectroscopy confirmed the binding affinity pattern predicted by BP-Dock. Despite their mostly conserved fold and stability, E41A, E41G, and T57A displayed dissociation constants in the millimolar range. N53S showed a binding constant in the low micromolar range, similar to that observed for P51G-m4-CVN. No binding was observed for N42A. Our results show that BP-Dock is a useful tool for rapidly screening the relative binding affinity pattern of in silico-designed mutants compared with wild-type, supporting its use to design novel mutants with enhanced binding properties.
Pumped storage hydro-plant models for system transient and long-term dynamic studies

The detailed dynamic modeling of pumped storage hydro-plants for system dynamic studies is revisited in this paper. Both rigid and elastic dynamic models for different water tunnel penstock configurations are presented. During the generating mode, the system is modeled following the conventional modeling method for hydro-turbines. During the pumping mode, the system is modeled using the pump head-flow curve, and the gating effects are introduced as an additional friction to the system. Different plant operating conditions under different system contingencies are simulated to study the transient and the long-term dynamic responses. The results show that a rigid model is sufficient for system transient dynamic studies, while an elastic model is more accurate for long-term dynamic studies.
Four-channel spatial multiplexing over a millimeter-wave line-of-sight link

A scalable system architecture is proposed and demonstrated for spatial multiplexing over millimeter-wave line-of-sight communication links. This architecture provides increased data capacity without increasing the channel bandwidth. The modulation format is simple (BPSK or QPSK); this facilitates high-rate operation. The spatially multiplexed channels are separated at the receiver using broadband adaptive analog I/Q vector signal processing, a technique which should readily scale to data rates exceeding 10 Gb/s per channel. A control loop continuously tunes the channel separation electronics to correct for changes with time in either the propagation environment or the system components. Design and characterization of a four channel 60 GHz hardware prototype is presented.
Analyses of protein kinase c isoform expression in a colorectal cancer liver metastasis model

Background Protein kinase C (PKC), centrally involved in signal transdnction, has been implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to identify specific PKC isoform alterations associated with colorectal cancer metastases to the liver in an orthotopic transplantation nude mouse model. Materials and methods Solid subcutaneous tumors from colorectal cancer cell lines were established in dorsal sites of nude mice (3 mice per cell Une) by subcutaneous injection of 10 7 cells (>90% viable). Orthotopic transplantation cecal tumors, representative of each passage (Sl-5) were examined for specific PKC isoform messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression. In addition, a cell line representative of passage S5 was established, characterized by light and electron microscopy, karyotype, clonogenicity, doubling time, and assayed for total PKC activity and PKC isoform mRNA expression. Results After the fifth (S5) sequential orthotopic transplantation passage of the human colorectal cancer cell line, SW620, a highly metastatic clone was obtained. Relative to parental cells, metastatic SW620-S5 cells were less differentiated and demonstrated many more chromosomal abnormalities and lower clonogenicity. Total PKC activity was elevated in metastatic cells. In addition, specific PKC isoform mRNA alterations were noted: PKC- n (L) was abundantly expressed in the metastatic clone but absent from the parental cell Une; PKC-α, δ and Θ expression increased with serial orthotopic transplantation passages; PKC-δ remained unchanged, while PKC-β was absent. CONCLUSIONS: Metastases-specific PKC isoform alterations may serve as novel markers of metastases and treatment targets via specific PKC isoform modulation.
Acute Effects of Altered Photoperiods on the Onset of Ovulation in Gonadotropin-Treated Immature Rats

The time of ovulation was determined in rats induced to precocious puberty with an injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin at 30 days of age (day 30). In control groups exposed either to a 10 or to a IS hr daily photoperiod between days 22 and 33, the onset of ovulation was at 0100-0300 on day 33. In some experimental groups, after exposure to daily photoperiods of 10 hr between days 22 and 28, the photoperiod was abruptly lengthened on day 29 by S hr. Adding the 5 hr of light to the beginning of the photoperiod (extended AM light) did not alter the onset of ovulation, but adding the 5 hr of light to the end of the photoperiod (extended PM light) consistently delayed ovulation. In other experimental groups, after exposure to daily photoperiods of 15 hr between days 22 and 28, the photoperiod was abruptly shortened on day 29 by 5 hr. Subtracting the 5 hr of light from the beginning of the photoperiod (shortened AM light) delayed ovulation slightly; subtracting the 5 hr of light from the end of the...
Post-release capacitance enhancement in micromachined devices

This paper reports a novel design concept that aims to increase the detection and actuation capacitances in micromachined devices beyond the fabrication process limitations. The approach is based on designing the stationary components of the electrodes attached to a moving stage that permanently locks into the desired position before the operation of the device, to minimize the electrode gap with a simple assembly step. The concept has been implemented in bulk-micromachined prototype gyroscopes, and the experimental results have successfully demonstrated the feasibility of the assembly concept. It is experimentally shown that over an order of magnitude of capacitance increase is achieved in the same foot-print of the device, without additional fabrication steps.
The Index of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals 30 Years Later: A Psychometric Study:

Objective: The authors report a validation study of the Index of Attitudes toward Homosexuals (IAH) to examine its ongoing usefulness. Method: Students (n = 331) completed surveys anonymously. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted and group differences analyzed. Results: Content validity was established conceptually, and preliminary discriminant validity was established statistically. Factor analyses suggest a shortened 19-item measure (α = .92) with two subscales. Convergent validity was established by comparing the scores on the IAH and another measure of antigay bias. Groups differed on sex, age, religiosity, parenthood, race, and childhood urbanicity. Conclusion: The revised IAH demonstrates sound psychometric properties. It can be useful to evaluate antigay bias, it can prompt discussion, and it can be used as an outcome measure in intervention studies.
INTREPID: a web server for prediction of functionally important residues by evolutionary analysis

We present the INTREPID web server for predicting functionally important residues in proteins. INTREPID has been shown to boost the recall and precision of catalytic residue prediction over other sequence-based methods and can be used to identify other types of functional residues. The web server takes an input protein sequence, gathers homologs, constructs a multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree and finally runs the INTREPID method to assign a score to each position. Residues predicted to be functionally important are displayed on homologous 3D structures (where available), highlighting spatial patterns of conservation at various significance thresholds. The INTREPID web server is available at http://phylogenomics.berkeley.edu/intrepid.
Moving the Workforce Intermediary Agenda Forward

Workforce intermediaries offer great potential for improving the practice of workforce development, but they are not yet having a significant impact on changing how urban labor markets work. In assessing the significance of intermediaries, one should place as much emphasis on changing the hiring and advancement practices of employers as on increasing the supply of trained workers. Workforce and economic development need to be better linked to expand the scale and scope of what intermediaries can accomplish, and two strategies are offered for making this link. The first way includes sectoral strategies. Leading foundation-led sectoral initiatives that employ a workforce intermediary strategy are discussed. The second strategy is to create more comprehensive links between workforce and economic development activity, particularly at the city level. Chicago and Seattle are offered as examples of cities that use different strategies to make the link.
Associations Among Emergency Room Visits, Parenting Styles, and Psychopathology Among Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell

Background To examine associations between frequency of emergency room (ER) visits and various parenting styles, both conjointly and interactively, and psychopathological outcomes among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Procedures Ninety-eight parents/caregivers of 6- to 18-year-old patients with SCD completed instruments assessing parenting style, child psychopathology, and reported on the frequency of ER visits during the previous year. Results ER visits were found to significantly explain Withdrawn/Depressed problems and parenting styles were found to incrementally contribute to the explanation of all forms of psychopathology. Further, Permissive parenting was found to explain Rule Breaking Behavior for those patients with low ER visit frequency but not for those with high ER visit frequency. Conclusions Results of the current study confirm the importance of considering both the frequency of ER visits and parenting style in the explanation of psychopathology among pediatric patients with SCD. Results have important implications for both research and treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1822–1827. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic Frequency Bands Segmentation Using Statistical Similarity for Power Spectrum Density Based Brain Computer Interfaces

Power spectrum density (PSD) of electro-encephalogram (EEG) signals is a widely used feature for Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI). Usually, PSD features are integrated over different frequency bands, such as delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma, which are based on well-established interpretations of EEG signals in prior experimental and clinical contexts. However, these predefined frequency bands do not necessarily relate to the optimal features for various BCI applications. In this paper, we propose an alternative feature dimensionality reduction method, which automatically determines the optimal number and the range of frequency bands. We applied the proposed method on EEG classification in the context of Augmented Cognition (AugCog) using BCI. The experimental results show that the proposed method can extract more robust features than features manually extracted from predefined frequency bands.
Response strength and the concept of the repertoire

The concept of response probability is central to the task of predicting behavior, whereas the closely related concept of response strength is commonly applied to ongoing overt or covert behavior, as indexed by a variety of typically correlated measures. Consideration of certain behavioral phenomena suggests that the latter concept applies equally to latent behavior. The apparent unity of emitted behavior masks a bedlam of concurrent fluctuations in strength of responses in the repertoire but below the threshold of emission. In problem solving and recall tasks, latent target responses are differentially strengthened by successive probe stimuli until such responses become stronger than myriad competing responses. It appears then that an understanding of seemingly elementary cognitive phenomena requires a consideration of the dynamics of latent responses in the repertoire. Some speculations are advanced about how the strongest of various latent responses can be emitted without blending with competing responses.
FOUNDATIONS IN AQUINAS'S ETHICS

Aquinas argues that practical reasoning requires foundations: first practical principles (ultimate ends) grasped by us per se from which deliberation proceeds. Contrary to the thesis of an important paper of Terence Irwin's, I deny that Aquinas advances two inconsistent conceptions of the scope of deliberation and, correspondingly, two inconsistent accounts of the content of the first practical principles presupposed by deliberation. On my account, Aquinas consistently takes first practical principles to be highly abstract, general, or formal ends, ends subject to specification and determination by a process of reasoning. Aquinas therefore gives deliberation wide scope, allowing (indeed, requiring) it not only to settle for us the things that are for the sake of our ends but also to engage in determining in important respects what our ends are. Accordingly, I conclude that Aquinas's foundations in ethics are “thin.” Our natural grasp of first practical principles gives us very little in the way substantive ethical principles.
Design and Development of a Novel Compact Soft-Surface Structure for the Front-to-Back Ratio Improvement and Size Reduction of a Microstrip Yagi Array Antenna

In this letter, a novel antenna structure based on a microstrip Yagi array antenna and a soft surface (SS) ring is proposed, that enables a highly directional gain in addition to an improved front-to-back (F/B) ratio of more than 20 dB. The SS ring is shown to be capable of greatly improving the performance while miniaturizing the design's size by half. The implementation of the SS ring to a microstrip Yagi array antenna is demonstrated to verify its functionality in suppressing surface waves, showing that an improvement of at least 3 dB in the F/B ratio can be obtained. The design is investigated at the center frequency of 5.8 GHz; however, the structure can be easily scaled to other frequency ranges. A design analysis is performed to give insight into the operational mechanism of the SS ring and the critical dimensions that affect the SS structure surrounding the antenna array. In addition, measurements are presented to validate the results obtained via simulation. The principles established in this letter can be applied to other planar antenna designs.
A high level language for pre-layout extraction in parasite-aware analog circuit synthesis

This paper presents a high-level language MSL, for the specification of parameterized, topology-specific circuit extractors. Upon compilation, the MSL program yields an executable module which generates the extracted circuit containing parasitics, passive and active devices when given specific sizes. In contrast to traditional post-layout extraction, this is done without ever generating a layout. We call this pre-layout extraction. Pre-layout extraction is much faster than post-layout extraction and is highly suited for use in layout-aware circuit sizing programs. MSL can also be used for the specification of parameterized layout generators. Thus, although a concrete layout is never generated during pre-extraction, the extracted circuit is very much influenced by the symbolic placement and routing specified in the layout generation part of the MSL program. This ensures that the pre-layout extraction process yields the same results as post-layout extraction. Being a high-level language based approach, users can tune pre-layout extraction to a desired level of accuracy by modeling selected parasitics and ignoring others. This ability helps further speed up the circuit sizing process up to a factor varying from 2.5 to 4.5 compared to layout-inclusive synthesis methodologies.
Tidal flares and rates from an archival cluster survey

Tidal disruption flares (TDFs) are potent indicators of the co-evolution of galaxies and the massive black holes (MBHs) which they host in their nuclei, both in terms of the individual black holes revealed by tidal flares and in terms of the overall disruption rate. We examine key concerns regarding the disruption rate from an observational perspective. We also present the findings to date of an archival survey of galaxy clusters using X-ray variability selection and multi-wavelength follow-up. We present a disruption rate that is consistent with other observational and theoretical findings to date, as well as two noteworthy X-ray flares which we attribute to tidal disruption events.
Structured software design for an on-line laser-based particle size distribution instrument

The design details of the software designed to operate a particle-size distribution system (PSD) developed at Mississippi State University is presented. A structured approach has been used for the design analysis and design synthesis phases. Speed, accuracy of results, friendly user interface, and easy maintenance were primary considerations during the software design and development. The prototype system has been tested successfully. Within the scope of the available resources, the designed software has accomplished minimal coupling between modules and acceptable performance for an online system. >
Gastrointestinal Effects of the Addition of Ascorbic Acid to Aspirin

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin, have been associated with the damage to the gastrointestinal tract. One proposed mechanism of injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa by NSAIDs is oxygen radical-dependent microvascular injury. There is reasonable evidence to support the benefit of the addition of ascorbic acid, an ingredient with antioxidant properties, to moderate the adverse gastrointestinal (GI) effects of aspirin. Pharmacokinetic data have demonstrated that aspirin and ascorbic acid combination therapy can assist in mitigating the decrease in levels of ascorbic acid secondary to aspirin monotherapy. Endoscopic evaluation has demonstrated that the addition of ascorbic acid to aspirin significantly improves Lanza scores and rates of blood loss when compared to aspirin administration alone. When taken with ascorbic acid, the patient-reported tolerability of aspirin has been shown to be comparable to paracetamol and placebo. The existing body of evidence is relevant to short-term therapy with analgesic aspirin doses, and extrapolation to long-term therapy with low-dose aspirin is not appropriate. The purported benefit of an aspirin and ascorbic acid combination is a local observance and is not suspected to influence the adverse GI effects experienced as a result of systemic prostaglandin inhibition. Nevertheless, ascorbic acid may be a viable addition to the strategies employed to improve the gastrointestinal tolerability of aspirin.
A coordination model for improving software system attack-tolerance and survivability in open hostile environments

The paper presents a coordination model that contains three active entities: actors, roles and coordinators. Actors abstract the system's functionalities; while roles and coordinators statically encapsulate coordination constraints and dynamically propagate these constraints among themselves and onto the actors. Software system's attack-tolerance and survivability in open hostile environments are enhanced through appropriate constraint propagations and constraint enforcements. The role represents a group of actors which share the same set of behaviors declared by the role. Coordination and coordination constraints in the model are categorized into two classes: inter-role coordination and intra-role coordination. The coordinators are responsible for inter-role coordination; while the roles are not only abstractions for a set of behaviors, but also responsible for coordinating the actors which share the same role. This setting implies that both the coordination constraints and coordination activities are decentralized and distributed among the coordinators and the roles. The decentralization not only shields the system from single point of failures, but also provides a foundation and posts for survivable feedback loops to be built upon. The survivable feedback loops presented in the model further restrains the contamination of faulty elements and protects the whole system from being broken down by single failures.
Mechanisms of acute cardiovascular response to periodic apneas in sedated pigs.

This study was designed to evaluate the importance of sympathoadrenal activation in the acute cardiovascular response to apneas and the role of hypoxemia in this response. In addition, we evaluated...
NOTCHPEAKIA, A NEW GENUS OF UPPER CAMBRIAN (SUNWAPTAN) “ENTOMASPIDID” TRILOBITES

Abstract Trilobites previously assigned to the Entomaspididae Ulrich in Bridge, 1931 are common in Laurentian strata assigned to the upper Sunwaptan Stage of the Upper Cambrian. Most species are poorly known, and typically only sparse cranidial data are available. Large silicified samples from the Lava Dam Member of the Notch Peak Formation, western Utah, contain three new species for which cranidia, librigenae, thoracic segments, and pygidia are known. The species permit clarification of the morphology and affinities of previously described taxa from elsewhere. They are referred to Notchpeakia n. gen. (type species: N. milleri n. sp.) which, in addition to the type includes N. taylori n. sp., N. notchpeakensis n. sp., N. cherrycreekensis n. sp., and N. varga (Westrop, 1986). The “entomaspidid” trilobites are assigned to the traditionally post-Cambrian Harpetidae Hawle and Corda, 1847.
Behavioral Consumers in Industrial Organization

This paper succinctly overviews three primary branches of the industrial organization literature with behavioral consumers. The literature is organized according to whether consumers: (1) have non-standard preferences, (2) are overconfident or otherwise biased such that they systematically misweight different dimensions of price and other product attributes, or (3) fail to choose the best price due to suboptimal search, confusion comparing prices, or excessive inertia. The importance of consumer heterogeneity and equilibrium effects are also highlighted along with recent empirical work.
Nevus Spilus (Speckled lentiginous nevus)

We define nevus spilus as a medium-sized, or large, cafe au lait macule speckled with melanocytic nevi. The definition is incorrect and imprecise but it is very entrenched in the common dermatological jargon and it is less cumbersome than others which are nosologically more appropriate. The French literature refers to this entity as “nevus en nevus”.
Avoiding Plagiarism in Legal Documents

Lawyers may believe they know what constitutes plagiarism in student papers, but the rules about plagiarism in the practice of law are less clear. Forms from form books and law firm files are meant to be copied, so there is no issue of copyright violation. Still, the lawyer who uses such a form must tailor it to the needs of the specific case. And lawyers have been disciplined for filing documents containing language they copied from treatises without attribution. This problem was exacerbated in one case where the lawyer asked for fees for preparing material he had not written. Professionalism means that documents filed with a court must analyze the facts and issues in the pending case, and any material from published sources must be properly attributed.
Nutrient content of eggs and the energetics of clutch formation in the boat-tailed grackle

-Shell, yolk, and albumen represent 10.5%, 21.9%, and 67.6%, respectively, of fresh-egg weight of Boat-tailed Grackles (Quiscalus major). The proportion of egg composed of dry yolk increases as egg weight increases. The average 8.1-g egg contains 33.6 kJ of which 66.1% is in yolk and 33.9% is in albumen. The average three-egg clutch was estimated to cost 131 kJ for yolk development and albumen deposition. These costs were spread over a 6-day period, with a peak of 28 kJ occurring on the day before egg laying began. At hatching, the yolk sac represents 19% of hatchling wet weight. Only 10% of the energy present in the egg at laying is expended during incubation. Hatchlings have substantial yolk reserves that contain 49% of the hatchlings' energy. Received 12 May 1983, accepted 9 June
Endocrine changes at operation under general anesthesia: reproductive hormone fluctuations in young women.

This study investigated changes in peripheral serum estrogen (E), progesterone (P), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin (PRL) in 11 women of reproductive age undergoing a variety of operations under general anesthesia without compromise of ovarian vasculature. All hormone determinations were plotted in relation to the midcycle LH peak; eight women with cyclic ovulatory menses served as controls. The absolute value of E declined after surgery but did not reach statistical significance. P levels postoperatively were significantly lower following ovulation (P
The microtitration of total fatty acids of serum, with notes on the estimation of triglycerides

A method is described for the determination of total fatty acids of serum by microtitration. The method is designed to permit also the determination of cholesterol and lipid phosphorus, and of triglycerides by difference. One ml. of serum is sufficient for duplicate determinations of total fatty acids, lipid phosphorus, and cholesterol. The essential steps include extraction of serum lipids, saponification, extraction and microtitration of the liberated fatty acids. A Possible modification which may be useful in the estimation of triglycerides is described. Recoveries of pure fatty acids and triglycerides were 97 per cent complete. Short chain fatty acids and intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism were not detected by this method.
The Legacy of John Sung

John Sung (Song Shangjie) was the premier Chinese evangelist of the twentieth century. He traveled further, spoke more often, and led more Chinese people to faith than any other person. His revivalism was riveting, often doubling people over in laughter before buckling their knees with grief. His acclaim as a preacher was rivaled only by his renown as a healer. Wherever he went, he offered Christ’s deliverance from both sin and sickness. He himself, however, was never healed of a chronic illness and spent the last four years of his short life bedridden and learning the quiet ministry of prayer.
1982: Economics From Three Perspectives

Twenty years’ varied experience as a professional economist has provided me with the basis for some broad, perhaps even unique, perspectives on the different roles economists play in society. I have toiled in all three vineyards—academia (University of Pittsburgh), government (Council of Economic Advisers) and now business (General Motors), and found the soil fertile in each—though perhaps conducive to different varietals.
Large Synchronous Motor Failure Investigation: Measurements, Analysis, and Lessons Learned

In the oil and gas industry, large synchronous motors are used to drive water injection pumps to support the pressure of a reservoir and to maintain the production level of a reservoir over a longer period. Therefore, failures in such motors will have an adverse impact on operation and production. Even though synchronous motors are superior to induction motors in relation to system voltage regulation and power factor correction, their starting is more complicated. As a result, the application of synchronous motors requires careful engineering analysis in the design stage of a project to determine system requirements for a successful operation. This paper presents a failure analysis case study for three 11 000-hp synchronous motors at a gas–oil separation plant along with the starting issues faced prior to the occurrence of a permanent damage. The fundamentals of dynamic motor acceleration requirements to achieve a successful start will be reviewed. In addition, results of site measurements and subsequent computer simulation will be presented. The simulation results were substantiated by a failure root cause analysis report provided by the manufacturer. This paper also discusses the obstacles faced as a result of erroneous and limited data availability, and the approach to overcome such difficulties.
Writing the Wrongs of Literature: The Figure of the Feminist and Post- Colonialist Translator

While recent decades have seen a proliferation of theorizing in the field of Translation Studies and all of its related disciplines, few treatises have taken an in-depth look at the figure of the translator him/herself, choosing instead to focus on descriptions or prescriptions-how-to missives that essentially cast translators in the roles of unskilled wage slaves, spiteful traitors, or anonymous ghost writers. In spite of the fact that the figure of the translator has been rendered virtually invisible in literary and academic spheres, it can be highly enlightening to seek to glean, or extrapolate, the characteristics and even the ideological agendas that this figure embodies through the looking glass of two of recent history's most prominent (certainly in Europe and the Americas) schools: those of feminist translation theorists and post-colonialist translation theorists. The use of the word extrapolate is correct precisely because, as mentioned, the figure of the translator is rarely directly addressed or described in scholarly or trade publications. In fact, so highly valued is the imperceptibility of the translator's mark, in today's literary world, that literary translations are praised by reviewers precisely for how invisible the translator manages to remain. Instead, scholars prefer to describe the translator's goals, objectives, methods, patrons, constraints, shortcomings, influences, resources, work conditions, etc. For this reason, this paper will seek to construct and define the surprising figure of the literary translator by means of the criteria upheld by each of the two translation schools of thought under examination: feminists and post-colonialists. As a logical point of departure, then, a few brief comments on the Polysystems Schooll and the changes, in some way revolutionary, that it has wrought within Translation Studies and critical thought since the 1970s will illustrate the reason why its status as the precursor to the feminists and post-colonialists is especially relevant. While the innovation wrought by Polysystems theorists cannot be easily summarized nor easily quantified, many speculate that it, along with its Anglo-American branch of theorists, constitute the strongest body of critical thinkers in the area of Translation Studies within the context of our brief history of modern, organized translation theory. For the
Inference procedures about population correlations under order restrictions

Abstract The testing of equality of several Pearson correlations can be found in a number of scientific fields. We surmise in many such cases that the alternatives of interest in practice are, in deed, order restricted, and therefore the researcher is best served by use of testing procedures developed for those specific alternatives. In this note we introduce a collection of tests for use in testing equality of k correlation coefficients against order alternatives, with an emphasis on simple order. Specifically, we propose likelihood ratio tests and contrast tests based on the well known Fisher Z transformation as well as tests which make use of generalized variable methodologies. The proposed procedures are empirically compared with regard to type I and II error rates via Monte Carlo simulations studies, and the use of the approaches is illustrated using an example. These tests are found to be vastly superior to tests for the general alternative, and the contrast tests based on the Fisher Z transformation are recommended for practice based on the observed test properties and simplicity.
Teaching the Psychology of Memory with Phaedo

This chapter describes how to use another section of Phaedo to teach Memory. Here students read about Socrates’ theory of the human soul (psyche). Socrates believes that the soul existed before it ever came into a human body and that since it was not encumbered with the limiting body, it existed in a state of perfect wisdom and knowledge. But upon entering the human body at birth, Socrates argues that the individual forgets the knowledge the soul previously had. This knowledge is not completely forgotten, however, but is covered over with a great deal of ignorance and distraction which occurs because of our embodied existence. Students also read a section from the introductory text dealing with what we know about human memory from modern scientific research. Classroom time is spent trying to reconcile the two views and to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each.
Other Esophageal Motility Disorders

Swallowing is an important developmental process for human life. It requires the cooperation of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus for successful completion. Esophageal dysphagia, or difficult swallowing, can be the result of behavioral, developmental, and neurological respiratory disorders, GER, and inflammatory diseases. It is observed in 25–45 % of developing children and even more with developmental disorders
3-D Shape Recovery from Image Focus Using Rank Transform

Obtaining an accurate and precise depth map is an ultimate goal of 3-D shape recovery. This article proposes a new robust algorithm Rank Transform (RT) for recovering 3-D shape of an object. The rank transform (RT) encodes for each pixel the position of its grey value in the ranking of all the grey values in its neighborhood. Due to its low computational complexity and robustness against noise, it is superior alternative to most of other SFF approaches. The proposed method is experimented using real and synthetic image sequences. The evaluation is gauged on the basis of unimodality and monotonicity of the focus curve. Finally by means of two global statistical metrics Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation, we show that our method produces – in spite of simplicity- results of competitive quality.
Studies on measles: V. The results of chance and planned exposure to unmodified measles virus in children previously inoculated with egg-passage measles virus

Summary 1. Twenty-two children who had been previously inoculated with egg-passage measles virus were exposed by chance at various intervals up to one year from the time of their inoculations to children with active cases of measles under field conditions. Three of these children developed typical measles, one developed mild measles, three developed an extremely mild disease distinguishable with difficulty as measles, and fifteen developed no disease. 2. Twenty-four children who had been previously inoculated withegg-passage measles virus were exposed by challenging injections of blood from active cases of measles at various intervals from the time of their original inoculations. Three of these children developed typical measles, two developed mild measles, five developed an extremely mild disease distinguishable with difficulty as measles, and thirteen developed no disease. One additional child showed a slight nasopharyngitis without fever, rash, or Koplik spots. Suitable control children and monkeys were injected with portions of the challenge material used and developed measles typical for the species injected. 3. The use of measles virus, attenuated by passage on the chorioallantoisof the developing chick embryo, for active immunization of children against measles gave results sufficiently encouraging to warrant further trial of such immunization in larger groups of susceptible children under field conditions inasmuch as forty of the forty-six children inoculated appeared to be completely or partially protected from measles.
Local Positive Behavioral Contrast in the Rat

After baseline training on a multiple variable interval/variable interval schedule, three rats were shifted to multiple extinction/variable interval in Phase 2, and back to multiple variable interval/variable interval in Phase 3. Two of the three rats showed overall positive contrast in Phase 2 and negative contrast in Phase 3. All three rats showed a pattern of local positive contrast characterized by peak response rate early in the variable interval component, followed by declining response rate toward the termination of this component. The results suggest that overall and local positive contrast do not share identical antecedents, and that the stimulus conditions necessary for autoshaping are not necessary for either the overall or local positive contrast effect.
Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations

This chapter is devoted to the study of second order differential operators, which will be used extensively throughout the late portions of the book.
Emerging Issues With Consequential Use of the edTPA: Overall and Through a Special Education Lens:

The purpose of teacher preparation programs is to ensure that teachers are adequately equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills to support the various educational needs of their students. Ne...
“Tangled Up in These Conceptualities”: Sanction, Protest, and Ideology in Berlin, Germany

This article examines one informant's approach to the relationship between ideological concepts and political power. I argue that ideological representation must be understood on its own terms, rather than within a larger theory of discourse. I point toward three key qualities of every encounter with ideological representation: subjectivity, discontinuity, and commitment. The fieldwork on which this article is based occurred in Berlin, Germany, during the fall 2014. During this period, my research focused on activists committed to overturning the sanctioning policy (Sanktionspolitik), which allows case managers to dock the unemployment benefits of their clients. [ideology, subjectivity, welfare state, Germany]
Using Agency Surveys and Benefit–Cost Analysis to Evaluate Highway Advisory Radio as Regional Traveler Information and Communication Tool

Highway advisory radio (HAR) is an older traffic information source that is not typically used by most travelers. However, it is still valuable as a regional traveler information and communication tool, especially in emergencies. To understand the benefits of HAR to professional agencies, two online surveys were conducted with state department of transportation officials throughout the United States and with Florida emergency management departments. The 28 completed state department of transportation surveys indicated that HAR was a valuable regional communication tool to reach more travelers and provided more detailed information than other technologies. Florida emergency management professionals stated that HAR was useful as a redundant technology if the phone and Internet-based technologies that they used to provide emergency alerts failed. In addition to these surveys, a detailed benefit–cost analysis that used the results of customer surveys was performed on the HAR system of the Florida’s Turnpike E...
Causal structure among US corn futures and regional cash prices in the time and frequency domain

This study investigates causal structure among daily Chicago Board of Trade corn futures prices and seven regional cash series from Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas fo...
The ghost: the secret life of James Jesus Angleton

This is a book about James Jesus Angleton, one of the ablest spies of the Second World War generation who got his start in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and went on to lead the post-Secon...