cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Continuum-Based Shape Sensitivity Analysis for 2D Coupled Atomistic/Continuum Simulations Using Bridging Scale Decomposition

In this paper, we propose the first attempt to perform shape sensitivity analysis for two-dimensional coupled atomistic and continuum problems using bridging scale decomposition. Based on a continuum variational formulation of the bridging scale, the sensitivity expressions are derived in a continuum setting using both direct differentiation method and adjoint variable method. To overcome the issue of discontinuity in shape design due to the discrete nature of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we define design velocity fields in a way that the shape of the MD region does not change. Another major challenge is that the discrete finite element (FE) mass matrix in bridging scale is not continuous with respect to shape design variables. To address this issue, we assume an evenly distributed mass density when evaluating the material derivative of the FE mass matrix. In order to support accuracy verification of sensitivity results using overall finite difference method, we use regular-shaped finite elemen...
Sudden gains as a long-term predictor of treatment improvement among children in community mental health organizations

Abstract Objective Sudden gains have been described as rapid, sizeable changes observed between treatment sessions and have been associated with improved treatment outcome in adults. The current study examined weekly sudden gains among children seeking treatment in the community mental health setting. Method Participants were 161 children (age M = 10.58, SD = 1.73; 69.6% male; 47.8% Caucasian) and their parents who were randomized to one of three treatment modalities and were administered weekly and quarterly assessments throughout treatment. Results When idiographic (youth- and parent-identified “top problems”) and nomothetic measures (standardized checklists) were used to calculate sudden gains (i.e., gain must be large: in absolute terms, relative to prior session, and relative to changes in prior and subsequent sessions), 20–42% of participants experienced at least one sudden gain during treatment. Most sudden gains occurred early in treatment, and session content of relaxation was associated with sudden gain presence. Using a modified Bonferonni correction, sudden gains predicted overall symptom levels at final assessment (i.e., last assessment obtained following post-treatment) even after controlling for pre-treatment symptom levels and magnitude of the overall gain from pre- to post-treatment. Conclusions Suddenness of gains may have a direct effect on long-term treatment outcome among children in the community.
Fuzzy logic enhanced digital PIV processing software

Digital Particle image Velocimetry (DPIV) is an instantaneous, planar velocity measurement technique that is ideally suited for studying transient flow phenomena in high speed turbomachinery. DPIV is being actively used at the NASA Glenn Research Center to study both stable and unstable operating conditions in a high speed centrifugal compressor. Commercial PIV systems are readily available which provide near real time feedback of the PIV image data quality. These commercial systems are well designed to facilitate the expedient acquisition of PIV image data. However, as with any general purpose system, these commercial PIV systems do not meet all of the data processing needs required for PIV image data reduction in our compressor research program. An in-house PIV PROCessing (PIVPROC) code has been developed for reducing PIV data. The PIVPROC software incorporates fuzzy logic data validation for maximum information recovery from PIV image data. PIVPROC enables combined cross-correlation/particle tracking wherein the highest possible spatial resolution velocity measurements are obtained.
Electrochemical Study and Modeling of H2S Corrosion of Mild Steel

The internal corrosion of mild steel in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) represents a significant challenge in oil production and natural gas treatment facilities, but the underlying mechanisms involved in H2S corrosion are still not fully understood. This lack of knowledge makes the prediction, prevention, and/or control of aqueous H2S corrosion of mild steel much more difficult. In the present study, H2S corrosion mechanisms were experimentally investigated in short-term corrosion tests (lasting 1 h to 2 h), conducted in a 1 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution at different pH (pH 2 to pH 5), at different temperatures (30°C to 80°C), under various H2S/N2 gaseous concentration ratios (0 to 10%[v]) and flow rates, using a X65 mild steel rotating cylinder electrode. Corrosion rates were measured by linear polarization resistance (LPR). Corrosion mechanisms were investigated by using potentiodynamic sweeps and by comparison with electrochemical modeling. LPR results showed that corrosion rates increase...
A Fortin operator for two-dimensional Taylor-Hood elements

A standard method for proving the inf-sup condition implying stability of finite element approximations for the stationary Stokes equations is to construct a Fortin operator. In this paper, we show how this can be done for two-dimensional triangular and rectangular Taylor-Hood methods, which use continuous piecewise polynomial approximations for both velocity and pressure.
Release of elements to natural water from sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, USA

Reservoir sediments from Lake Roosevelt (WA, USA) that were contaminated with smelter waste discharged into the Columbia River (BC, Canada) were examined using three measures of elemental release reflecting varying degrees of physical mixing and time scales. Aqueous concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the interstitial water of reservoir sediments, in the gently stirred overlying waters of incubated sediment cores, and in supernatants of aggressively tumbled slurries of reservoir sediments generally were higher than the concentrations from a reference site. When compared to chronic water-quality criteria, all three measures of release suggest that slag-contaminated sediments near the U.S.–Canadian border are potentially toxic as a result of Cu release and Pb release in two of the three measures. All three measures of Cd release suggest potential toxicity for one site farther down the reservoir, probably contaminated as a result of transport and adsorption of Cd from smelter liquid waste. Releases of Zn and As did not appear to be potentially toxic. Carbonate geochemistry indirectly affects the potential toxicity by increasing water hardness.
Frequency-stabilized Nd:YAG laser with high output power.

A single-frequency Nd:YAG laser with output power>1.1 W and frequency stability of 120-kHz rms is described. (AIP)
Which unruptured cerebral aneurysms should be treated? A cost–utility analysis

Objective: To determine which unruptured cerebral aneurysms should be treated considering the risks, benefits, and costs. Background: Asymptomatic unruptured cerebral aneurysms are commonly treated by surgical clipping or endovascular coil embolization to prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods: We performed a cost–utility analysis comparing surgical clipping and endovascular coil embolization with no treatment for unruptured aneurysms. Eight clinical scenarios were defined based on aneurysm size, symptoms, and history of SAH from a different aneurysm. Health outcomes of a hypothetical cohort of 50-year-old women were modeled over the projected lifetime of the cohort. Costs were assessed from the societal perspective. We compared net quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and cost per QALY of each therapy to no treatment. Results: For an asymptomatic unruptured aneurysm less than 10 mm in diameter in patients with no history of SAH from a different aneurysm, both procedures resulted in a net loss in QALYs, and confidence intervals (CI) were not compatible with a benefit from treatment (clipping, loss of 1.6 QALY [95% CI 1.1 to 2.1]; coiling, loss of 0.6 QALY [95% CI 0.2 to 0.8]). For larger aneurysms (≥10 mm), those producing symptoms by compressing neighboring nerves and brain structures, or in patients with a history of SAH from a different aneurysm, treatment was cost-effective. Coiling appeared more effective and cost-effective than clipping but these differences depended on relatively uncertain model parameters. Conclusions: Treatment of small, asymptomatic, unruptured cerebral aneurysms in patients without a history of SAH worsens clinical outcomes, and thus is neither effective nor cost-effective. For aneurysms that are ≥10 mm or symptomatic, or in patients with a history of SAH, treatment appears to be cost-effective.
Change in Ethnic Identity Across the College Transition

This article examined changes in ethnic identity as a function of college type and residential status and whether differences due to college type could be explained by involvement in extracurricular activities and college ethnic composition. Although no changes in ethnic labeling or belonging were found, there was a normative decrease in ethnic search, independent of residential status. Moreover, the decline in ethnic search was significantly greater at 2- than 4-year colleges, and this difference was mediated by higher rates of participation in extracurricular activities at 4-year colleges. Ethnic identity did not vary by college ethnic composition. There were no ethnic or generation differences in ethnic identity change; however, women were more likely to include an American term in their ethnic label than were men, over time. Averaging across time, students at 4-year colleges also had a greater preference for the American term in their ethnic labels. Findings illuminate the importance of context in shaping ethnic identity.
The holistic health movement: a survey and critique

This article discusses the nature and significance of the holistic health movement in four ways. First, a general characterization of the movement is proposed, based on shared commitment to five assumptions: (1) a positive view of health as well-being, (2) individual responsibility for health, (3) the importance of health education, (4) control of social and environmental determinants of health, and (5) low technology of "natural" therapeutic techniques. Second, a basic difference among advocates of holistic health/medicine is proposed in terms of the presence or absence of commitment to scientific method. Third, holistic health/medicine is briefly compared with concepts of holism in biology and in the social sciences. Finally, criticisms of each of the basic tenets of the holistic health movement are offered.
Russian pioneer in electricity and magnetism

F.U.T. Aepinus: Essay on the Theory of Electricity and Magnetism. Translation by P. J. Connor. Introductory monograph and notes. by R. W. Home. Pp.514. (Princeton University Press: Princeton, New Jersey, 1979.) £20.70.
A physiological and biophysical model of coppice willow (Salix spp.) production yields for the contiguous USA in current and future climate scenarios

High-performance computing has facilitated development of biomass production models that capture the key mechanisms underlying production at high spatial and temporal resolution. Direct responses to increasing [CO2 ] and temperature are important to long-lived emerging woody bioenergy crops. Fast-growing willow (Salix spp.) within short rotation coppice (SRC) has considerable potential as a renewable biomass source, but performance over wider environmental conditions and under climate change is uncertain. We extended the bioenergy crop modeling platform, BioCro, to SRC willow by adding coppicing and C3 photosynthesis subroutines, and modifying subroutines for perennation, allocation, morphology, phenology and development. Parameterization with measurements of leaf photosynthesis, allocation and phenology gave agreement of modeled with measured yield across 23 sites in Europe and North America. Predictions for the continental USA suggest yields of ≥17 Mg ha(-1) year(-1) in a 4 year rotation. Rising temperature decreased predicted yields, an effect partially ameliorated by rising [CO2 ]. This model, based on over 100 equations describing the physiological and biophysical mechanisms underlying production, provides a new framework for utilizing mechanism of plant responses to the environment, including future climates. As an open-source tool, it is made available here as a community resource for further application, improvement and adaptation.
Gene deletion of NF-κB p50 does not alter the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia/reperfusion

Abstract Background/Aims : Nuclear factor κ B (NF- κ B) is a primary regulator of gene expression and is activated during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. The objective of the present study was to determine whether activation of NF- κ B is causally related to the induction of the acute inflammatory response induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. Methods : Wild-type (p50 +/+ ) and NF- κ B p50-deficient (p50 −/− ) mice underwent hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. NF- κ B activation was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Hepatic neutrophil accumulation was measured by liver myeloperoxidase content. Hepatocellular injury was assessed by serum level of alanine aminotransferase and liver histology. Results : In p50 +/+ mice, ischemia/reperfusion induced marked activation of NF- κ B consisting of p50/p65 heterodimers. In contrast, NF- κ B activation in livers from p50 −/− mice was abrogated, but p65 was observed in nuclear extracts. Despite amelioration of NF- κ B activation there was no significant difference between p50 +/+ and p50 −/− mice in expression of TNF α and MIP-2, liver accumulation of neutrophils or hepatocellular injury. Conclusions : Gene deletion of NF- κ B p50 does not alter the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia/reperfusion. Despite abrogation of DNA-binding by the NF- κ B p50/p65 complex, p65 was still observed in nuclear extracts suggesting that there may be functional redundancy amongst members of the Rel protein family in order to preserve the inflammatory response.
The Impact of Preschool on Teaching and Learning in Hawaiian Families

This article discusses what happens to teaching and learning in the homes of low-income Hawaiian families when children attend preschool. Parents develop two distinct scripts for their preschool children's learning: one for learning skills that are used in the home (chores) and another for skills that parents believe prepare children for success in school. The development of these two scripts in the same setting complicates the management of adult-child relations within Hawaiian families, as well as inhibits the acquisition of literacy skills at home.
Learning video browsing behavior and its application in the generation of video previews

With more and more streaming media servers becoming commonplace, streaming video has now become a popular medium of instruction, advertisement, and entertainment. With such prevalence comes a new challenge to the servers: Can they track browsing behavior of users to determine what interest users? Learning this information is potentially valuable not only for improved customer tracking and context-sensitive e-commerce, but also in the generation of fast previews of videos for easy pre-downloads. In this paper, we present a formal learning mechanism to track video browsing behavior of users. This information is then used to generate fast video previews. Specifically, we model the states a user transitions while browsing through videos to be the hidden states of a Hidden Markov Model. We estimate the parameters of the HMM using maximum likelihood estimation for each sample observation sequence of user interaction with videos. Video previews are then formed from interesting segments of the video automatically inferred from an analysis of the browsing states of viewers. Audio coherence in the previews is maintained by selecting clips spanning complete clauses containing topically significant spoken phrases. The utility of learning video browsing behavior is demonstrated through user studies and experiments.
Abstract 12037: Alanine Aminotransferase Levels and Incident Cardiovascular Events

Introduction: The relationship between hepatic serum markers within the normal range and cardiovascular risk is uncertain. Hypothesis: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in normal range predicts cardiovascular risk. Methods: 17,515 men and women free of cardiovascular disease participating in a randomized placebo controlled trial of rosuvastatin 20 mg daily had baseline levels of ALT below the lower limits of normal (<40 IU/L) and were followed prospectively for first ever cardiovascular events. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the relative risks of these events according to increasing tertiles and each standard deviation increase in baseline ALT levels. Results: ALT levels at study entry, all within the normal range, were inversely associated with age, smoking status, and inflammation and were positively associated with male gender, alcohol use, and triglycerides. Incident cardiovascular event rates were highest among those in the lowest tertile of baseline ALT; specifically, inc...
Paramagnetic fluorinated nanoemulsions for sensitive cellular fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging

Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F MRI) probes enable quantitative in vivo detection of cell therapies and inflammatory cells. Here, we describe the formulation of perfluorocarbon-based nanoemulsions with improved sensitivity for cellular MRI. Reduction of the (19)F spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) enables rapid imaging and an improved signal-to-noise ratio, thereby improving cell detection sensitivity. We synthesized metal-binding β-diketones conjugated to linear perfluoropolyether (PFPE), formulated these fluorinated ligands as aqueous nanoemulsions, and then metallated them with various transition and lanthanide ions in the fluorous phase. Iron(III) tris-β-diketonate ('FETRIS') nanoemulsions with PFPE have low cytotoxicity (<20%) and superior MRI properties. Moreover, the (19)F T1 can readily be reduced by an order of magnitude and tuned by stoichiometric modulation of the iron concentration. The resulting (19)F MRI detection sensitivity is enhanced by three- to fivefold over previously used tracers at 11.7 T, and is predicted to increase by at least eightfold at the clinical field strength of 3 T.
Proposed Professional Advancement Recognition (PAR) Program

Technical engineering societies must take a more active role in the professional advancement of their members. A recognition program for civil engineers is needed. A specific program is proposed whereby civil engineers triennially report their educational activities, work experience, and society activities to earn a Professional Advancement Recognition (PAR) Certificate.
Aligning evidence and practice: future research needs to increase utilization of active surveillance for favorable risk prostate cancer

Purpose of reviewThe prolonged natural history of prostate cancers detected through prostate-specific antigen-based testing has resulted in many men today undergoing treatment for prostate cancer that will not improve health outcomes. Active surveillance is an underutilized approach to reducing over
Ex Post Contract Market Structure: Implications for Performance Over Time:

Government increasingly relies on complex arrangements of providers to deliver public services. There is burgeoning public administration literature on contract management and performance. This lit...
Application of Microbial Oil Recovery for Stimulation in Old Oilfields of Our Country

The majority of old oilfields in our country has entered exploitation of later stage,but there is also 40% to 50% oil difficult to be exploited.Technique of microbial oil recovery is the effective approach to solve the problem.Microbial oil displacement is that immitting microbe and its nutrition solution to make microbe produce metabolites beneficial to oil increment.It will improve oilfields and enhance oil recovery.In this article,it discussed the application actuality and foreground of microbial oil recovery,combining with the factual effect of the microbial oil recovery applied in the old oilfields of later stage.
Non-contact Overvoltage Monitoring Sensor Based on Electro-optic Effect

The measurement of overvoltage in high-voltage power networks is of significance to understand the overvoltage and the design of insulation coordination. In order to measure overvoltage in high-voltage networks safely and accurately, we developed an integrated passive sensor unit based on the electro-optic effect of Li Nb O3 crystal, as well as a non-contact overvoltage monitoring sensor with the unit. The sensor utilizes a series capacitive divider comprised of a long-voltage arm capacitance, which consists of the sensor's own capacitance and a fixed capacitor connected in parallel, and the coupling capacitance between high-voltage line and a metal plate. The electro-optic unit uses full fiber connection, and it only needs to detect the low voltage sensed by the divider unit without requiring power supply at the installation site. Multiple tests of the sensor indicate that the sensor has not only an effective linear operating region but also fast and precise high-frequency responses to both lightning and switching impulse with the error of amplitude below 3% and the time error of response below 0.1 μs. Hence the sensor is applicable to the non-contact passive overvoltage measurement in a wide range of voltage levels.
LASER TEST OF CO_2 PHASE CHANGE

The production of oil and gas is a process that the oil and gas fluid flow under high pressure in porous media. The high pressure property of stratum fluid is a very important parameter. How to increase the testing accuracy of the stratum fluid, it is an important significance for the test of formation fluid high pressure property. According to the testing theory of laser, it is considered that the change of the scatter section in gas and liquid phase led to the change of the intensity of light through the gas. We established a set of testing device of laser. The test equipment proceeded to test repeatedly at several temperatures, the results were compared with the Handbook of Physical Properties of Liquids and Gases, and it was proved that our results were more accurate than that of the Handbook. It provided the foundation to further study the phase change in the porous medium.
Liver-derived fetal hematopoietic stem cells selectively and preferentially home to the fetal bone marrow

In the course of ontogeny, the homing site for the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) moves with certain predictability from the yolk sac to the liver/spleen and then to the marrow. The pattern of this migration has thus far been established mostly on a morphologic basis. To delineate further the course of this migration and to gain insight into its possible mechanism, we used in utero transplantation of allogeneic or xenogeneic HSC in preimmune sheep fetuses. Sex chromosome, type of hemoglobin, and species-specific surface markers were used to follow the path of transplanted cells in the fetus. Before the development of the bone marrow, transplanted HSC (liver- or marrow-derived) homed exclusively to the liver/spleen. With the development of marrow, around day 60 of gestation (term, 145 days), homing occurred also in the nascent marrow and by day 80 transplanted cells homed exclusively to the marrow. This suggests that there may be a hierarchy in homing sites, with those of the marrow having higher affinity than those of liver/spleen. Interestingly, despite a change in homing that was followed by the expansion of the marrow compartment of HSC (ie, HSC proliferation), these cells did not participate actively in blood cell formation during most of the prenatal period. Liver remained the major hematopoietic organ throughout the gestation. It was only during the perinatal period that this organ assumed the function of hematopoiesis from the liver. This lack of expression of HSC in fetal marrow can possibly be attributable to the immaturity of marrow stroma required for differentiation and maturation of progenitors and the orderly egress of mature cells into the blood stream. The availability of this model allows us to begin studies in the molecular mechanism of stem cell homing in vivo during ontogeny.
Cohesive fracture of elastically heterogeneous materials: An integrative modeling and experimental study

Abstract A combined modeling and experimental effort is made in this work to examine the cohesive fracture mechanisms of heterogeneous elastic solids. A two-phase laminated composite, which mimics the key microstructural features of many tough engineering and biological materials, is selected as a model material system. Theoretical and finite element analyses with cohesive zone modeling are performed to study the effective fracture resistance of the heterogeneous material associated with unstable crack propagation and arrest. A crack-tip-position controlled algorithm is implemented in the finite element analysis to overcome the inherent instability issues resulting from crack pinning and depinning at local heterogeneities. Systematic parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of various material and geometrical parameters, including the modulus mismatch ratio, phase volume fraction, cohesive zone size, and cohesive law shape. Concurrently, a novel stereolithography-based three-dimensional (3D) printing system is developed and used for fabricating heterogeneous test specimens with well-controlled structural and material properties. Fracture testing of the specimens is performed using the tapered double-cantilever beam (TDCB) test method. With optimal material and geometrical parameters, heterogeneous TDCB specimens are shown to exhibit enhanced effective fracture energy and effective fracture toughness than their homogeneous counterparts, which is in good agreement with the modeling predictions. The integrative computational and experimental study presented here provides a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the fracture mechanisms in brittle heterogeneous materials and sheds light on the rational design of tough materials through patterned heterogeneities.
NonDex: a tool for detecting and debugging wrong assumptions on Java API specifications

We present NonDex, a tool for detecting and debugging wrong assumptions on Java APIs. Some APIs have underdetermined specifications to allow implementations to achieve different goals, e.g., to optimize performance. When clients of such APIs assume stronger-than-specified guarantees, the resulting client code can fail. For example, HashSet’s iteration order is underdetermined, and code assuming some implementation-specific iteration order can fail. NonDex helps to proactively detect and debug such wrong assumptions. NonDex performs detection by randomly exploring different behaviors of underdetermined APIs during test execution. When a test fails during exploration, NonDex searches for the invocation instance of the API that caused the failure. NonDex is open source, well-integrated with Maven, and also runs from the command line. During our experiments with the NonDex Maven plugin, we detected 21 new bugs in eight Java projects from GitHub, and, using the debugging feature of NonDex, we identified the underlying wrong assumptions for these 21 new bugs and 54 previously detected bugs. We opened 13 pull requests; developers already accepted 12, and one project changed the continuous-integration configuration to run NonDex on every push. The demo video is at: https://youtu.be/h3a9ONkC59c
Product Line Bundling: Why Airlines Bundle High-End While Hotels Bundle Low-End

Product lines are ubiquitous. For example, Marriott International manages high-end ultra-luxury hotels e.g., Ritz-Carlton and low-end economy hotels e.g., Fairfield Inn. Firms often bundle core products with ancillary services or add-ons. Interestingly, empirical observations reveal that industries with ostensibly similar characteristics e.g., customer types, costs, competition, distribution channels, etc. employ different bundling strategies. For example, airlines bundle high-end first class with ancillary services e.g., breakfast, entertainment while hotel chains bundle ancillary services e.g., breakfast, entertainment at the low-end. We observe, unlike hotel lines that are highly differentiated at different geographic locations, airlines suffer low core differentiation because all passengers first-class and economy are at the same location i.e., same plane, weather, delays, cancellations, etc.. In general, we find product lines with low core differentiation e.g., airlines, amusement parks routinely bundle high-end while product lines with highly differentiated cores e.g., hotels, restaurants routinely bundle low-end. High-end bundling makes the high-end more attractive, increasing line differentiation less intraline competition while low-end bundling decreases line differentiation. Therefore, bundling allows optimal differentiation given a differentiation constraint complex costs. Last, firms may use strategic bundling for targeting in their core products; e.g., low-end hotels bundle targeted add-ons unattractive to high-end consumers such as lower-quality breakfasts and slower Internet. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.1004 .
A review of workspace challenges and wearable solutions in railroads and construction

Railroad environments are generally considered to be dangerous workplace environments. The types of risks encountered there are comparable to the construction industry, ranking among the highest in workplace fatalities. However, these two industries also employ millions of people and thus safety has always been a major concern to both industries. These efforts, by industry and academia, are now starting to take an approach to collect safety related data for further analysis to comprehensively improve worker safety. Recent advances in wearable devices have greatly enhanced safety and data analytics by providing workers an advanced layered protection and also acquiring real-time incident data. In this paper we survey the challenges in these work environments to employee safety as well as wearable solutions currently designed to detect risks and alert workers of these situations. We aim to determine the current state of the art technologies in Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), capable of addressing work environment challenges in railyards. Similarly, wearable solutions in the construction industry are evaluated for their feasibility to protect railyard workers.
Outcomes after injury prevention counselling in a paediatric office setting: a 25-year review

Objective Injury is the leading cause of death and acquired disability in children. Primary care providers routinely provide age-appropriate injury prevention (IP) counselling during healthcare visits. The objective was to review evaluations of the effectiveness of office-based paediatric IP counselling research. Design This review identified studies from July 1991 to June 2016 of children Results Sixteen articles met inclusion criteria. Twelve articles were randomised controlled trials, three were non-randomised trials and one was a pretest and post-test study. Fourteen articles measured a change in knowledge or reported behaviour, four included observed behaviour change and five measured change in injury outcomes. Thirteen of the 16 studies had positive effects demonstrated for certain outcomes, including for fall, poisoning, burn, fire, traffic injury and drowning prevention, while 10 showed no differences between study groups for other outcomes. Conclusions Published outcomes-based IP-related counselling research in the primary care setting for young children is infrequent, and additional research is necessary to further describe the effectiveness of these primary prevention efforts.
Leisure Impacts on Family Interaction and Cohesion

This article examines the relationship between shared leisure activities and family bonding. Prior to the 20th century, family bonding was primarily facilitated through shared work activities while...
A dialogue-based tutoring system for beginning programming

We present a preventive model of tutoring for novice programming derived from a human corpus and describe our intelligent tutoring system PROPL embodying that model. The system conducts natural language dialogue aimed at eliciting program design ideas from the student prior to their initial solution attempt. Students are asked to identify programming goals and how best to achieve them. Various tutoring tactics are employed to correct flawed responses and refine vague or incomplete answers. PROPL is an application of Atlas, a dialogue management system providing robust sentencelevel understanding and a reactive planner to control dialogue. A controlled evaluation is currently underway to assess PROPL’s impact on students’ programming and problem decomposition skills as well as their general behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes surrounding the tasks of programming.
Basic definitions and remarks concerning the notion of lifting

In this chapter we introduce the notions of lifting, linear lifting and lower density for an admissible subalgebra of M∞ and we give several results concerning these notions.
Pushing the US-Mexico border south: United States' immigration policing throughout the Americas

In the last 30 years, the USA has constructed a complex architecture throughout Latin America aimed at stopping migrants in transit before they reach US borders. This article identifies several components critical to this transnational policing. One component is the development of security 'partnerships' with transit countries, through which the USA provides funding, equipment, and training for migrant interdiction. Another component is a vast international expansion of Department of Homeland Security networks aimed at detecting and intercepting the illicit mobility of people and things. A third component entails the significant stretching of US military presence throughout Latin America and the Caribbean through a variety of means. This paper argues that as the USA extends its border policing activities through time and space, it conceals its direct role in migration policing activities that violate human rights and fuel illicit activities, distracts from policy failures, and evades international obligations.
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs and Synaptosomal Calcium Transport

Sedative-hypnotic drugs exert potent actions within the synapse and on neuronal cell bodies in the central nervous system. Barbiturates block synaptic transmission at concentrations within their anesthetic range [12,14], whereas much larger concentrations are required to suppress axonal conduction. Both pre and postsynaptic functions are altered by low barbiturate concentrations. Postsynaptically, barbiturates depress excitatory postsynaptic potentials [2,21,22] and enhance postsynaptic inhibition [10,24]. Presynaptically, anesthetic concentrations of pentobarbital decrease neurotransmitter release from cerebral cortical slices [11] and brain prisms from different brain regions [26]. With regard to the effects of sedative-hypnotic drugs on neuronal cell bodies, barbiturates inhibit voltage-dependent calcium uptake [8] and facilitate chloride conductance [10] in neuronal cell cultures.
Sozu: Self-Powered Radio Tags for Building-Scale Activity Sensing

Robust, wide-area sensing of human environments has been a long-standing research goal. We present Sozu, a new low-cost sensing system that can detect a wide range of events wirelessly, through walls and without line of sight, at whole-building scale. To achieve this in a battery-free manner, Sozu tags convert energy from activities that they sense into RF broadcasts, acting like miniature self-powered radio stations. We describe the results from a series of iterative studies, culminating in a deployment study with 30 instrumented objects. Results show that Sozu is very accurate, with true positive event detection exceeding 99%, with almost no false positives. Beyond event detection, we show that Sozu can be extended to detect richer signals, such as the state, intensity, count, and rate of events.
Lichen planopilaris in women: A survey-based study examining baseline hair characteristics and product use in 129 patients seen at Mayo Clinic.

Abstract Background Cicatricial alopecia is a type of permanent hair loss in which the hair follicle is replaced by scar tissue. Given its relatively low incidence, limited information is available regarding baseline hair characteristics, onset, and other disease-associated factors. Objective We sought to further elucidate this information in our lichen planopilaris (LPP) patients. Methods Between 1993 and 2016, 505 patients were diagnosed with biopsy-proven LPP. Of these patients, we mailed a 20-question survey to 420 patients with updated mailing address and contact information. Responses were received from 129 of 420 patients for a response rate of 30.7%. A total of 108 patients completed the survey and 21 patients declined participation. Descriptive analysis was performed using JMP software. Results Median age at time of pathologic diagnosis was 58 years, with self-reported average age of onset accordingly from 50 to 60 years. Approximately 15% of patients were diagnosed with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA), a subtype of LPP. Median follow-up from date of pathologic diagnosis was 72 months. At baseline, 46 out of 108 patients (42.6%) endorsed having thicker hair than peers in childhood. No trend was identified in the rate of traction hairstyle use in childhood, current use of cosmetics, sunscreen, or facial cleanser. Conclusions Within our LPP cohort, FFA subtype pathology comprised approximately 15% of cases. There was no trend toward sunscreen use and FFA subtype. Our findings support previously published studies in terms of average age at disease onset, location of hair loss, and median follow-up at 72 months (range: 29–273) from date of pathologic diagnosis.
Positive Outcomes of a Social-Emotional Learning Program to Promote Student Resiliency and Address Mental Health

This paper supports that social-emotional learning (SEL) programs are used as a method to increase resiliency and promote positive mental health in youth and will focus on one program, Positive Action (PA). This paper engages in a review of the literature that utilized the program to increase resiliency and address the mental health needs of students in school settings. PA is a program that is aimed at character development and decreasing problem behaviors. Several studies have been conducted with diverse populations and they found that this program does improve character development, decreases problem behaviors, and promotes resiliency. This review encourages practitioners to utilize evidence-based SEL programs to promote resiliency and increase positive mental health in the students that they work with. To my knowledge, this is the first article of its kind, making the necessary connection between already created and developed social-emotional learning programs and explicitly connecting the programs to building resilience among students. This analysis draws the connection between SEL programs and the promotion of student resiliency. SEL programs are designed to improve student outcomes that can include student achievement and reduce problem behaviors. These programs already have the theoretical foundation to increase resiliency; this analysis explicitly connects the SEL program to promote resiliency among students.
Ten Years After the Texas Tech Accident: Part I: A Historical Retrospective

A serious academic laboratory accident occurred at Texas Tech University in January of 2010. As a result of internal assessment and subsequent investigations by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard ...
Molecular Recognition and Band Alignment in 3-D Covalent Organic Frameworks for Co-Crystalline Organic Photovoltaics

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as versatile, functional materials comprised of low-cost molecular building blocks. The permanent porosity, long-range order, and high surface area o...
Review of "Was Yosef on the Spectrum," by Samuel J. Levine

Samuel Levine’s Was Yosef on the Spectrum: Understanding Joseph Through Tora, Midrash, and Classical Jewish Sources argues that Joseph, son of Jacob and Rachel from the Book of Genesis, was possibly autistic. Diagnosing people retrospectively as autistic raises complex “hermeneutic” or interpretive questions, including the possibility that our selective readings and attributions of recorded histories reveal more about our current concerns than past realities.
Behavioral Visibility: A new paradigm for organization studies in the age of digitization, digitalization, and datafication:

The digitization, digitalization, and datafication of work and communication, coupled with social and technical infrastructures that enable connectivity, are making it increasingly easy for the beh...
Hypergraph Clustering for Finding Diverse and Experienced Groups

When forming a team or group of individuals, we often seek a balance of expertise in a particular task while at the same time maintaining diversity of skills within each group. Here, we view the problem of finding diverse and experienced groups as clustering in hypergraphs with multiple edge types. The input data is a hypergraph with multiple hyperedge types -- representing information about past experiences of groups of individuals -- and the output is groups of nodes. In contrast to related problems on fair or balanced clustering, we model diversity in terms of variety of past experience (instead of, e.g., protected attributes), with a goal of forming groups that have both experience and diversity with respect to participation in edge types. In other words, both diversity and experience are measured from the types of the hyperedges. Our clustering model is based on a regularized version of an edge-based hypergraph clustering objective, and we also show how naive objectives actually have no diversity-experience tradeoff. Although our objective function is NP-hard to optimize, we design an efficient 2-approximation algorithm and also show how to compute bounds for the regularization hyperparameter that lead to meaningful diversity-experience tradeoffs. We demonstrate an application of this framework in online review platforms, where the goal is to curate sets of user reviews for a product type. In this context, "experience" corresponds to users familiar with the type of product, and "diversity" to users that have reviewed related products.
Early to Midlife Smoking Trajectories and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged US Adults: the CARDIA Study

Smoking starts in early adulthood and persists throughout the life course, but the association between these trajectories and midlife cognition remains unclear. Determine the association between early to midlife smoking trajectories and midlife cognition. Prospective cohort study. Participants were 3364 adults (mean age = 50.1 ± 3.6, 56% female, 46% Black) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study: 1638 ever smokers and 1726 never smokers. Smoking trajectories were identified in latent class analysis among 1638 ever smokers using smoking measures every 2–5 years from baseline (age 18–30 in 1985–1986) through year 25 (2010–2011). Poor cognition was based on cognitive domain scores ≥ 1 SD below the mean on tests of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test), executive function (Stroop), and memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) at year 25. Five smoking trajectories emerged over 25 years: quitters (19%), and minimal stable (40%), moderate stable (20%), heavy stable (15%), and heavy declining smokers (5%). Heavy stable smokers showed poor cognition on all 3 domains compared to never smoking (processing speed AOR = 2.22 95% CI 1.53–3.22; executive function AOR = 1.58 95% CI 1.05–2.36; memory AOR = 1.48 95% CI 1.05–2.10). Compared to never smoking, both heavy declining (AOR = 1.95 95% CI 1.06–3.68) and moderate stable smokers (AOR = 1.56 95% CI 1.11–2.19) exhibited slower processing speed, and heavy declining smokers additionally had poor executive function. For minimal stable smokers (processing speed AOR = 1.12 95% CI 0.85–1.51; executive function AOR = 0.97 95% CI 0.71–1.31; memory AOR = 1.21 95% CI 0.94–1.55) and quitters (processing speed AOR = 0.96 95% CI 0.63–1.48; executive function AOR = 0.98 95% CI 0.63–1.52; memory AOR = 0.97 95% CI 0.67–1.39), no association was observed. The association between early to midlife smoking trajectories and midlife cognition was dose-dependent. Results underscore the cognitive health risk of moderate and heavy smoking and the potential benefits of quitting on cognition, even in midlife.
Use of active video games with or without videoconferencing on health outcomes in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: a systematic review.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors experience greater functional deficits compared to non-cancer peers or older survivors with a similar diagnosis. Physical activity (PA) is a key strategy for mitigating functional decline, and motivation and peer support are critical PA facilitators in AYA cancer survivors. Active video games (AVGs) may be a “gateway” method to promote PA. Further, integrating AVGs into group videoconferencing, a medium used by AYAs to socialize, can capitalize on peer support needed for PA motivation. Thus, we examined the use of AVGs and/or videoconferencing in PA interventions that included AYA survivors and the effect on physical function and health outcomes. Seven electronic databases were searched from incept to January 2020. Search terms included videoconferencing, video games, exercise, and cancer. The protocol is registered on PROSPERO: CRD42020163491. Two reviewers evaluated eligibility and methodological quality using Cochrane’s risk of bias tools. Six unique studies were included with 97% reviewer agreement. All used AVGs, none used videoconferencing alone, and one used both. Study designs and outcome measures were heterogeneous. Only one study solely targeted AYA survivors. Most were low to medium quality. Few showed significant improvements in quality of life (QOL) and fatigue (n=3), coordination/balance (n=2), and aerobic capacity (n=1). PA interventions using AVGs and/or videoconferencing may improve QOL and fatigue, but evidence on function is lacking. Rigorous interventions targeting AYA survivors are needed. Using AVGs and/or videoconferencing to facilitate PA may improve QOL and fatigue.
One- and Two-Nucleon Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions

Most review or summary articles on a rapidly developing subject are out of date even before they are published. There is no reason to suppose the present work will deviate from this rule. A great deal of space will not be used, therefore, justifying our presentation. The importance of heavy-ion induced reactions in the near future of nuclear physics is obvious. Several accelerators have been or are being constructed to investigate the interactions between complex nuclei. We can expect two sorts of physics to be studied, one an extension of what has been done with lighter projectiles and the other essentially new. The direct reactions discussed in the present article would seem to fit into the first category and one may well ask what new information is to be gained by looking at few-nucleon transfer with an oxygen beam rather than a deuteron beam. The reaction mechanism is, we believe, a much simpler one than for lighter projectiles. The basis for such a claim is the essentially semiclassical underpinning of all quasi-elastic heavy-ion-induced processes. This simplicity of mechanism should, in principle, lead to more clearly defined spectroscopy about the target and, uniquely in the case of heavy ions, about the projectile. This article briefly touches on some of the spectroscopic evidence, but more detailed experiments and analysis are needed to establish this point. Our main concern will be with the reaction mechanism and with the tools needed for accurate analysis.