cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitiviniculture in the State of São Paulo (Brazil): Governance and technological strategies meeting market challenges

The viticulture in the State of Sao Paulo is expressive in the Brazilian context, as it holds the second place in planted area and third in production. Considering that the main practice is table viticulture, a good proportion of the grapes processed at the most relevant wine producer counties, come from the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this work is to characterize the current context of the vitiviniculture sector in the State of Sao Paulo, based on the main strategies of governance and technological strategies of governmental and private agents. For that, the work is fundamented on the results of the projects financed by FAPESP: “Revitalization of the vitivinicultural productive chain in the State of Sao Paulo: competitiveness, governance and sustainability” (2006/51949-7) and “The Territorial Governance Modalities in the State of Sao Paulo: coordination, territories, public policies and development” (2011/50837-9), besides following the Chamber for the Grape and Wine Sector and interviews with leaders of the sector. Therefore, the work approaches the major improvements of the more favorable governance of the vitiviniculture sector: formation of cooperatives, technological innovation, policies, public and private investment focused on building the identity of the wine from the State of Sao Paulo.
“This is a […] Story;”” the Refusal of a Master Text in Noah Hawley’s Fargo

Each episode of Noah Hawley’s first two seasons of Fargo begins with the same claim: “this is a true story.” The claim might invite the formation of what Thomas Leitch (2007) calls a “privileged master text,” except that Hawley undermines the creation of such a text in at least two ways. On the one hand, Hawley uses his truth claim as a way to direct his audience into the film he is adapting – Joel and Ethan Coen’s (1996) film by the same name. Hawley ensures throughout his first season that those who know or who come-to-know the Coens’ work will recognize his story as an extension of the Coens’s world. Hawley references the Coens’ world so much that his audience is never entirely outside the Coens’ universe, and certainly not in any world a story based on a true event might pretend to occupy. At the same time, Hawley allows different speakers to make the opening truth claim by the end of his second season, which further prevents his truth assertion from locating viewers in any actual world. Hawley’s second move reveals that true stories are always subjective stories, which means they are always constructed stories. In this way, a true story is no more definitive than any other story. All stories are, in keeping with Jorge Luis Borges’ attitude toward definitive texts, only a draft or a version of a story. Every telling invites another, alternative retelling. A true story is, therefore, above all a story.
Microsurgical Bypass Training Rat Model, Part 1: Technical Nuances of Exposure of the Aorta and Iliac Arteries.

Background Animal models using rodents are frequently used for practicing microvascular anastomosis—an essential technique in cerebrovascular surgery. However, safely and efficiently exposing rat's target vessels is technically difficult. Such difficulty may lead to excessive hemorrhage and shorten animal survival. This limits the ability to perform multiple anastomoses on a single animal and may increase the overall training time and costs. We report our model for microsurgical bypass training in rodents in 2 consecutive articles. In part 1, we describe the technical nuances for a safe and efficient exposure of the rat abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries (CIAs) for bypass. Methods Over a 2-year period, 50 Sprague–Dawley rats underwent inhalant anesthesia for practicing microvascular anastomosis on the abdominal aorta and CIAs. Lessons learned regarding the technical nuances of vessel exposure were recorded. Results Several technical nuances were important for avoiding intraoperative bleeding and preventing animal demise while preparing an adequate length of vessels for bypass. The most relevant technical nuances include (1) generous subcutaneous dissection; (2) use of cotton swabs for the blunt dissection of the retroperitoneal fat; (3) combination of sharp and blunt dissection to isolate the aorta and iliac arteries from the accompanying veins; (4) proper control of the posterior branches of the aorta; and (5) efficient division and mobilization of the left renal pedicle. Conclusions Applying the aforementioned technical nuances enables safe and efficient preparation of the rat abdominal aorta and CIAs for microvascular anastomosis.
Tactical Decision Competency of Preservice Physical Education Teacher Education Students.

The most recent publication of the National Standards and Guidelines for Physical Education Teacher Education (National Association for Sport and Physical Education [NASPE], 2009) requires physical education teacher education (PETE) programs to demonstrate that teacher candidates display both tactical knowledge and physical competence. The purpose of this study was to assess the tactical decision-making skills of preservice teachers using the tactical decision-making competency (TDC) framework (Pagnano-Richardson & Henninger, 2008). Participants included PETE majors enrolled in two courses, Teaching Team Sports (N = 61) and Teaching Individual/Dual Sports (N = 89). Tactical knowledge was collected by PETE students during game play through a talk-aloud technique (McPherson, 1993) and analyzed using the TDC framework (Pagnano-Richardson & Henninger, 2008). Each participant was assessed multiple times, resulting in a total number of 121 responses for team sports and 89 responses in individual/dual sports. The coded scores, ranging from 1 to 4 on the TDC scale, were averaged to arrive at a final overall TDC score for each participant for each sport. The four levels of the TDC were then aligned with the three NASPE (2009) descriptors of target, acceptable, and unacceptable. Results indicated that 50% of participants were at a target or acceptable level for invasion games compared to only 42% for net/wall games. These findings suggest that many teacher candidates appear to lack a wide knowledge base regarding sport tactics. PETE faculty must make a concerted effort to teach tactics to students and help them recognize the carryover of tactics within each category.
Estimating peaks of stationary random processes: a peaks-over-threshold approach.

AbstractEstimating properties of the distribution of the peak of a stochastic process from a single finite realization is a problem that arises in a variety of science and engineering applications....
Health Literacy Universal Precautions Are Still a Distant Dream: Analysis of U.S. Data on Health Literate Practices.

Background Experts have recommended the adoption of health literacy universal precautions, whereby health care providers make all health information easier to understand, confirm everyone's comprehension, and reduce the difficulty of health-related tasks. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services selected three health literate practices to track progress in the adoption of health literacy universal precautions. Objectives This study sought to examine whether there has been an increase in the delivery of health literate care and whether recommendations for health literacy universal precautions are being followed. Methods This study used trend and multiple regression analyses of data from 2011 to 2014 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a national household survey. Key results The proportion of adults in the U.S. who reported receiving health literate care increased from 2011 to 2014, but fell far short of health literacy universal precautions recommendations of delivering health literate care to everyone. In 2014, 70% of the population reported their providers always gave them instructions that were easy to understand, but only 29% were asked to Teach-Back the instructions and only 17% were offered help with forms. Older, less educated, and racial and ethnic minority group members were more likely to report receiving health literate care than more advantaged groups. People who perceived their health and mental health as fair or poor were less likely to report receiving health literate care. Conclusions Failure to adopt health literacy universal precautions in the face of the high prevalence of limited health literacy in the general population may perpetuate adverse health outcomes that are costly to society. Greater efforts should be made to increase providers' health literacy skills, particularly those who serve populations that are more likely to have limited health literacy, including those with poor health. Plain language summary This study shows that some health care providers did not always check that their instructions were clear enough for patients to understand. Even fewer providers always offered help in filling out forms. People who were older, less educated, or members of racial or ethnic minority groups were more likely to be asked to confirm their understanding or be offered help with forms. More patients said that their provider was easy to understand, checked their understanding, or offered help with forms in 2014 than in 2011.
Ground reaction forces during a drop vertical jump: Impact of external load training.

Abstract External load training (ELT) is a supplemental training method used to potentially improve high intensity task performance. However, biomechanical parameters such as ground reaction forces (GRF), ground contact time, and time to peak GRF during a drop vertical jump (DVJ) following an ELT intervention have yet to be examined. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of ELT on certain biomechanical parameters of a DVJ task. Well-trained females stratified into two groups (ELT = 9, Control = 10) completed a DVJ from a 45.72 cm box onto a force platform at baseline, post-ELT, and post-detraining (DET). ELT consisted of wearing weight vests (WV) with 8% body mass for 32 h/week during daily living and 3 training sessions/week for 3 weeks. After ELT, a 3 week DET phase was completed. The control group replicated procedures without ELT intervention. The vertical, medial/lateral, and anterior/posterior components of the GRF were assessed during the initial contact, minimum force following initial contact, push-off, and second landing periods. Dependent variables were analyzed using a 2 (group) × 3 (time) mixed model ANOVA (p
Sex in Midlife: Women's Sexual Experiences in Lesbian and Straight Marriages

Objective This study examines how married straight and lesbian women understand sexual changes in midlife. Background Sexual satisfaction is key to marital quality, yet marital sex typically diminishes in midlife. Little is known, however, about how married straight and lesbian women make sense of midlife sexuality. Comparing the narratives of lesbian and straight women can reveal how midlife events, relational contexts, and gender norms drive women's experiences of and responses to diminishing sex. Method Inductive and deductive analyses were performed on interviews with a convenience sample of 16 straight and 16 lesbian mostly high-status married couples in Massachusetts. Results Lesbian and straight women suggest that sexual activity and desire diminish over time due to health, aging, and caregiving events, yet lesbian women additionally emphasize the importance of weight gain, caregiving for adult parents, and shared experiences of menopause. Women further describe distress when their sex lives diverge from norms specific to marriage and their sexual identities. Moreover, women report relationship work designed to maintain or reignite sex; when compared with straight women, lesbians describe more work and a stronger sense of duty to keep sex alive and uniquely describe medical providers as unhelpful in addressing sexual challenges. Conclusion The results suggest that relational contexts and cultural discourses shape straight and lesbian women's experiences of distress and comfort about diminishing sex in marriage.
Diversity receiver design and channel statistic estimation in fading channels

Wireless communication has experienced a tremendous evolution over the past few decades. In wireless communication systems, the channels exhibit phenomena such as fading, multipath, and time-variations. These phenomena often lead to performance degradations or data rate loss and hence present many challenges to the analysis and design of wireless communica­ tion systems compared with wired ones. To ensure reliable high-speed communications over insufficient channel bandwidth is one of the major challenges in harsh wireless environments. The main goal of this thesis is to provide an in-depth study of two important techniques that are effective in improving the performance, data rate, or bandwidth-efficiency in wire­ less communication systems. The two techniques are, first, diversity combining equipped with quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and second, the estimation of fading channel sta­ tistical properties. To effectively combat the adverse effect of fading and to improve the error rate performance, one of the major approaches is to employ diversity combining techniques. In the first part of this thesis, we focus on the equal gain combining (EGC) and hybrid-selection equal gain combining (HS/EGC) for bandwidth-efficient wireless systems (i.e. QAM systems). For EGC QAM systems, we propose the receiver structure and the corresponding decision variables, and then study the effects of imperfect channel estimation (ICE) and quantify the loss of the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) gain caused by ICE. For HS/EGC QAM system, we develop a general approach to derive unified error rate and outage probability formulas over various types of fading channels based on the proposed HS/EGC receiver. The main contribution of this work lies in that it provides effective hybrid diversity schemes and new analytical approaches to enable thorough analysis and effective design of bandwidth efficient wireless communication systems which suffer from ICE and operate in realistic multipath channels. Channel side information is of fundamental significance in wireless communication systems, proven to be critical in determining the systems design, achievable data rate, and achievable
Patient-reported outcomes of blue-light flexible cystoscopy with hexaminolevulinate in the surveillance of bladder cancer: results from a prospective multicentre study.

Objective To evaluate blue-light flexible cystoscopy (BLFC) with hexaminolevulinate in the office surveillance of patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer with a high risk of recurrence by assessing its impact on pain, anxiety, subjective value of the test and patient willingness to pay. Materials and methods A prospective, multicentre, phase III study was conducted during which the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Pain and 'Was It Worth It' questionnaires were administered at baseline, after surveillance with BLFC and after resection for those referred to the operating room. Comparisons of scores were performed between groups. Results A total of 304 patients were enrolled, of whom 103 were referred for surgical examination. Of these, 63 were found to have histologically confirmed malignancy. Pain levels were low throughout the study. Anxiety levels decreased after BLFC (∆ = -2.6), with a greater decrease among those with negative pathology results (P = 0.051). No differences in anxiety were noted based on gender, BLFC results, or test performance (true-positive/false-positive). Most patients found BLFC 'worthwhile' (94%), would 'do it again' (94%) and 'would recommend it to others' (91%), with no differences based on BLFC results or test performance. Most patients undergoing BLFC (76%) were willing to pay out of pocket. Conclusions Anxiety decreased after BLFC in patients with negative pathology, including patients with false-positive results. Most of the patients undergoing BLFC were willing to pay out of pocket, found the procedure worthwhile and would recommend it to others, irrespective of whether they had a positive BLFC result or whether this was false-positive after surgery.
Extract of the Medicinal Plant Pao Pereira Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Stem-Like Cell In Vitro and In Vivo:

Pancreatic cancers are enriched with cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are resistant to chemotherapies, and responsible for tumor metastasis and recurrence. Here, we investigated the extract of a medicinal plant Pao Pereira (Pao) for its activity against pancreatic CSCs. Pao inhibited overall proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines with IC50 ranging from 125 to 325 μg/mL and had limited cytotoxicity to normal epithelial cells. Pancreatic CSC population, identified using surface markers CD24+ CD44+ EpCam+ or tumor spheroid formation assay, was significantly reduced, with IC50s of ~100 μg/mL for 48 hours treatment, and ~27 μg/mL for long-term treatment. Nuclear β-catenin levels were decreased, suggesting suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In vivo, Pao at 20 mg/kg, 5 times/week gavage, significantly reduced tumorigenicity of PANC-1 cells in immunocompromised mice, indicating inhibition of CSCs in vivo. Further investigation is warranted in using Pao as a novel treatment targeting pancreatic CSCs.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant with HLA-mismatched grafts: impact of donor, source, conditioning, and graft versus host disease prophylaxis

Introduction: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is frequently used to treat malignant and non-malignant conditions, and many patients lack a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched relate...
A Semantic and Sentiment Analysis on Online Neighborhood Reviews for Understanding the Perceptions of People toward Their Living Environments

The perceptions of people toward neighborhoods reveal their satisfaction with their living environments and their perceived quality of life. Recently, there is an emergence of Web sites designed fo...
Long-Term Survival of Patients Requiring Early Temporary RVAD Support Following LVAD Implantation

Purpose Severe early right heart failure is a life-threatening complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation that may require unplanned temporary right ventricular assist device (RVAD) support. There are limited data on the association between the need for early RVAD support and long-term survival following LVAD implantation. Methods We studied 348 patients who underwent continuous-flow LVAD implantation in a single center Registry. Forty-eight (14%) patients received an unplanned temporary RVAD within 48 hours following LVAD implantation. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to assess long-term mortality in patients who did vs. did not receive a RVAD. Results Patients (mean age 57 years, 80% male) were supported by a LVAD for a mean of 2.5 years, and 137 (39%) patients died during the follow-up period. Multivariate analysis showed that RVAD use was associated with a significant 3-fold increase in the risk of short-term (6-month) mortality (HR 2.99 [95% CI: 1.39-6.43]). However, among early RVAD patients who survived to 6 months, the risk for subsequent long-term mortality was significantly reduced (HR 0.41 [95% CI 0.14-1.14]; p value for the difference in mortality-risk associated with early RVAD support before and after 6 months = 0.002 [figure]). Conclusion Temporary, unplanned RVAD use within 48 hours of LVAD implantation is independently associated with increased short-term (6-month) mortality. However, the mortality risk associated with the need for RVAD support is significantly attenuated thereafter during long-term follow-up.
Human Subjects and “Green” Protest in Black African Photography at the Ninth Rencontres de Bamako

The photographs of George Osodi, Abdoulaye Barry, Tsvangirayi Mukwazhi, Nyaba Leon Ouedraogo, and Mario Macilau exhibited at the ninth Rencontres de Bamako photography festival, which had sustainability as its theme, featured humans living amidst environmental degradation. Documenting communities affected by oil extraction, fishermen in the face of climate chaos, as well as lives of diamond and granite miners and e-recyclers, these black African photographers’ human-centered focus—a trend identified by Cajetan Iheka as also common among most black African ecocritical authors and scholars—may eschew a more African cosmology-inspired gaze that ideally twines human and nonhuman implications of environmental tragedies. Yet such a human-centered focus, this paper argues, unlike the leading Western visual environmental discourse—the toxic sublime, obsessed as it is with an unpeopled landscape, ultimately, implicates the consumerism of privileged viewers in environmental degradation in ways environmental photography that resists assigning blame to corporations and consumers doesn’t. Keywords: African photography, neo-colonisation, toxic sublime, green protest
Sequential programming for replicated data stores

We introduce Carol, a refinement-typed programming language for replicated data stores. The salient feature of Carol is that it allows programming and verifying replicated store operations modularly, without consideration of other operations that might interleave, and sequentially, without requiring reference to or knowledge of the concurrent execution model. This is in stark contrast with existing systems, which require understanding the concurrent interactions of all pairs of operations when developing or verifying them. The key enabling idea is the consistency guard, a two-state predicate relating the locally-viewed store and the hypothetical remote store that an operation’s updates may eventually be applied to, which is used by the Carol programmer to declare their precise consistency requirements. Guards appear to the programmer and refinement typechecker as simple data pre-conditions, enabling sequential reasoning, while appearing to the distributed runtime as consistency control instructions. We implement and evaluate the Carol system in two parts: (1) the algorithm used to statically translate guards into the runtime coordination actions required to enforce them, and (2) the networked-replica runtime which executes arbitrary operations, written in a Haskell DSL, according to the Carol language semantics.
Improving the Image

(1968). Improving the Image. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 43-43.
Microbial keratitis and clinical outcomes following penetrating and endothelial keratoplasty

Purpose The goal of this study was to review the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of microbial keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Methods The electronic medical records at Wills Eye Hospital were queried for cases of microbial keratitis following PK or EK performed between 1 May 2007 and 1 September 2018. Charts were reviewed to obtain demographic data, transplant characteristics, details of microbial keratitis, graft survival and clinical outcomes. Results During the study period, 2098 transplants were performed in 1601 patients. Of these, 1267 (60.4%) were PKs and 831 (39.6%) were EKs. We identified 86 (4.1%) cases of subsequent microbial keratitis. The incidence of microbial keratitis after PK was significantly higher than after EK (5.9% versus 1.3%; p = 0.005). Furthermore, the rate of infection was higher after repeat transplants (either PK or EK) compared to initial keratoplasties (5.5% versus 3.4%; p = 0.02). Twenty-six (32.1%) grafts remained clear at most recent follow-up after microbial keratitis, and the proportion of clear grafts was higher after EK than PK (66.7% versus 27.8%; p = 0.03). Conclusion Rates of microbial keratitis were significantly higher after PK compared to EK, and repeat transplantation was a risk factor for microbial keratitis. To the best of our knowledge, there is no prior study in the literature evaluating microbial keratitis rates after PK and EK and comparing outcomes.
Diabetes-related sex differences in the brain endothelin system following ischemia in vivo and in human brain endothelial cells in vitro.

The endothelin (ET) system has been implicated to contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and stroke in experimental diabetes. Our goals were to test the hypotheses that (1) circu...
59. Evaluation of Drug-Bug Mismatch Alerts and Their Value in an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program

Background Antimicrobial stewardship is a priority for hospitals and utilizing generated reports can enhance stewardship activities. At our institution, a software program was used to help optimize antimicrobial therapy by providing a drug-bug mismatch (DBM) alert which identifies patients with culture susceptibilities not covered by their current antimicrobial therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of this alert feature and determine whether or not an intervention was needed for patients identified.
How community software ecosystems can unlock the potential of exascale computing

Emerging exascale architectures and systems will provide a sizable increase in raw computing power for science. To ensure the full potential of these new and diverse architectures, as well as the longevity and sustainability of science applications, we need to embrace software ecosystems as first-class citizens.
Acoustic pressure patterning for through-wall energy transfer using holographic lenses

Through-wall acoustic energy transfer (TWAET) using piezoelectric devices is a technology proposed for wirelessly charging sensors in enclosed shells or vessels typically found in automobiles, space stations, and nuclear reactors. This mode of energy transfer has received significant attention in recent years as they outperform the traditional electromagnetic based through-wall wireless power transfer techniques which suffer due to Faraday shielding. Although useful, the existing framework is not suited to charge an enclosed sensor network. To address this shortcoming, we present, for the first time, acoustic holograms for selective TWAET and the details of the design, experiments, and potential applications.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the forensic setting: A series of 19 forensic cases.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) employs vascular cannulation and a gas exchange circuit to provide support to patients with severely compromised cardiopulmonary function. ECMO is often the last intervention taken before death and thus presents a unique challenge to medical examiners. This study describes the characteristics of decedents on ECMO at the time of death, including clinical indications, types of circuit configurations, causes and manners of death, gross findings at autopsy, and therapeutic complications. Files of a regional medical examiner office within an academic medical center were searched for the period between 2013 and 2019. Nineteen cases were identified with a median age of 36 years. The circumstances surrounding the initial presentation included: sudden death, trauma, substance abuse, homicide, therapeutic complication, work-related injury, drowning, and hypothermia. The underlying causes of death included injury-related, as well as respiratory and cardiac-related natural diseases. The time spent on ECMO varied from less than 1 h to 10 months. Complications encountered due to ECMO included cannulation site bleeding, pneumohemopericardium, retroperitoneal hematoma, limb ischemia, clotting, and cannula dislodgement. The patient population likely to receive ECMO has significant overlap with death circumstances likely to be reported to the medical examiner. As ECMO therapy has become increasingly available, it is of importance for medical examiners and death investigators to be familiar with the procedure as well as its limitations. Familiarity with ECMO and its sequelae allows for the proper documentation of postmortem findings and fosters an informed determination of the cause and manner of death.
The Monstrous New Art: Divided Forms in the Late Medieval Motet

Introduction 1. Songs alive 2. How (not) to write a motet: the exemplary In virtute/Decens 3. Motet visions of an apocalyptic statue 4. Interlude: Nebuchadnezzar's dream 5. Ars nova and division Epilogue: the poetics of representation Appendices: 1. Philippe de Vitry, In virtute/Decens: texts, translations, and music 2. Philippe de Vitry, Cum statua/Hugo: texts, translations, and music 3. Philippe de Vitry, Phi millies/O creator: texts, translations, and music 4. Anonymous, Post missarum/Post misse: texts and translations 5. Anonymous, Fortune/Ma dolour: texts and translations 6. Anonymous, Amer/Durement: texts and translations 7. Philippe de Vitry, Firmissime/Adesto: texts and translations 8. Anonymous, Beatius/Cum humanum: texts and translations.
Composing Safe Systems

Failures in component-based systems are generally due to unintended or incorrect interactions among the components. For safety-critical systems, we may attempt to eliminate unintended interactions, and to verify correctness of those that are intended. We describe the value of partitioning in eliminating unintended interactions, and of assumption synthesis in developing a robust foundation for verification. We show how model checking of very abstract designs can provide mechanized assistance in human-guided assumption synthesis.
The 0-0 band of the 2880 Å transition in indene: Hybrid character and rotational structure

Abstract Rotational fine structure has been resolved and analyzed in the 0-0 band in the 2880 A spectrum of indene. Use of computer simulation techniques allows determination of changes in rotational constants on excitation (Δ A = −0.003493 cm −1 , Δ B = −0.000412 cm −1 , Δ C = −0.000640 cm −1 ), assignment of 20 rotational features, and demonstration of the hybrid nature of the transition moment. The latter is found to be in plane with approximately 88% Λ and 12% B character. The origin of the band is at 34 722.98 cm −1 .
Assessing Text Reading and Text Entry While Driving Using the Visual Occlusion Technique

This study estimated the time drivers spend completing text reading and text entry tasks of varying difficulty levels using visual occlusion to mimic the timesharing between driving and interacting with text. The findings showed that text entry took longer than text reading and task time increased with longer text length. In the occlusion condition, the total task time with vision unoccluded was shorter than the task time in the static condition, although this finding was not consistent across reading and entry. Ambient text (irrelevant text surrounding the text of interest) had no effect on time on task. These results should be considered in light of the acceptable limits for time on task and can inform the design of invehicle systems that require text reading or entry.
Using Root Cause Analysis to Reduce Falls with Injury in Community Settings

Article-at-a-Glance Background Falls are a common occurrence for older adults living in the community that may lead to physical injury and psychological harm. The US Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS) database contains root cause analysis (RCA) reviews that identify falls resulting in injury in the community and subsequent action plans that may be helpful to prevent future falls. Methods A search of the NCPS–database identified RCA reviews where the patient (community-dwelling and long term care elders) fell in the community resulting in moderate to severe injury. Falls occurred in the home, community living center, outpatient clinic, recreational outing, outdoors, or in a vehicle. Thirty-six RCAs from October 2001 through August 2010 were included. Cases were coded on the basis of location of the fall, primary activity of the patient before/during the fall, root causes, action items, outcome measures, and effectiveness of each action. Results Sixty-seven root causes resulting in 59 actions were identified from the RCA reports. Falls most frequently occurred in the patient's home (41.7%). The most common activities the individual was engaged in during a fall included getting up from the bed or chair/wheelchair (22.2%), walking (22.2%), and transportation in a wheelchair van (14.8%). Although many actions yielded improved outcomes, the only action that was significantly associated with improvement was changes made to the environment (p = .028). Conclusions The setting and activity surrounding falls that occur in the community and that result in moderate to serious injury were identified along with the events' root causes. The extremely limited number of reports suggests that there may be missed opportunities to conduct an RCA for adverse events that occur among community-dwelling and long term care elders.
Costs of planning and implementing the CDC's Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program.

BACKGROUND The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program (CRCSDP) to explore the feasibility of establishing a large-scale colorectal cancer screening program for underserved populations in the United States. The authors of the current report provide a detailed description of the total program costs (clinical and nonclinical) incurred during both the start-up and service delivery (screening) phases of the 4-year program. METHODS Tailored cost questionnaires were completed by staff at the 5 CRCSDP sites. Cost data were collected for clinical services and nonclinical programmatic activities (program management, data collection, and tracking, etc). In-kind contributions also were measured and were assigned monetary values. RESULTS Nearly $11.3 million was expended by the 5 sites over 4 years, and 71% was provided by the CDC. The proportion of funding spent on clinical service delivery and service delivery/patient support comprised the largest proportion of cost during the implementation phase (years 2-4). The per-person nonclinical cost comprised a substantial portion of total costs for all sites. The cost per person screened varied across the 5 sites and by screening method. Overall, economies of scale were observed, with lower costs resulting from larger numbers of individuals screened. CONCLUSIONS Programs incur substantial variable costs related to clinical services and semivariable costs related to nonclinical services. Therefore, programs that serve large populations are likely to achieve a lower cost per person. Cancer 2013;119(15 suppl):2855–62. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Impacts of External Development on the Economic and Aesthetic Values of Theodore Roosevelt National Park

Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP), the only national park and wilderness in the United States, to represent a "mixed grass prairie ecosystem, has considerable external development near its boundaries. Park managers have wanted to know to what extent such development was affecting park values and the visitor's experience. They also wanted a better estimate of the park's contribution to the local and state economy so that changes in visitation might be viewed in economic terms. Additional information about visitor perceptions, preferences, and characteristics was also requested.
Multinational issues in information technology: a perspective from less developed countries

Abstract This paper presents a survey of the emerging multinational issues in information technology from the perspective of the Less Developed Countries. The methodology of structured content analysis of published articles is used to examine 132 papers presented at international conferences and published in journals. Emerging from the debate, twenty three frequently raised issues are identified and ranked. Countries of authors of these papers have been ranked according to the importance of information technology in their international trade. The most frequently addressed multinational issues, important from the perspective of less developed countries, are: Information Technology Aid. Employment Creation with Information Technology, Indigenous Information Technology, Regional Information Technology Cooperation, High Cost of Information technology, Training of Information Technologists, Domination by Multinational Corporations, and Domination by Industrialized Countries. Twenty three issues identified from the study are categorized as Perceived Advantages, Perceived Disadvantages, and Implementation Issues. The challenges and opportunities created by the eight most important issues for U.S. multinational corporations in computer industry are also discussed.
Presentando a Elshtain, Enloe y Tickner: una mirada a los esfuerzos feministas más importantes antes de continuar el viaje

Throughout this article, Christine Sylvester makes a journey along the work of three of the founders of the feminist theory of International Relations, acknowledging them as a constant presence in her own trajectory through feminist theory: Jean Bethke Elshtain, Cyntia Enloe and Ann Tickner. Throughout the narration of the odysseys toward the feminism of each of them, Sylvester recall the contexts in which feminist International Relations/feminism in International Relations emerged and took roots, introducing at the same time some of the most important works from the first feminist wave in International Relations. However, we don’t have here a vane glorification of the aforementioned scholars, but to the contrary, Sylvester shows their myopias and the challenges for other feminists scholars following them. And still, in spite of their omissions, we must recognize as heroic acts the ways through which Elshtain, Enloe and Tickner have introduced and presented different elements and challenges to the traditional understandings of the discipline, citing, siting and sighting, by means of unusual methodologies away from the scientific rationalism predominant at that moment, women, men and gender in the international relations.
Evaluation of ultrasound‐guided vascular access in dogs

Objective To describe the technique and determine the feasibility, success rate, perceived difficulty, and time to vascular access using ultrasound guidance for jugular vein catheterization in a cardiac arrest dog model. Design Prospective descriptive study. Setting University teaching hospital. Animals Nine Walker hounds. Measurements and Main Results A total of 27 jugular catheterizations were performed postcardiac arrest using ultrasound guidance. Catheterizations were recorded based on the order in which they were performed and presence/absence of a hematoma around the vein. Time (minutes) until successful vascular access and perceived difficulty in achieving vascular access (scale of 1 = easy to 10 = difficult) were recorded for each catheterization. Mean time to vascular access was 1.9 minutes (95% confidence interval, 1.1–3.4 min) for catheterizations without hematoma, versus 4.3 minutes (1.8–10.1 min) for catheterizations with hematoma (P = 0.1). Median perceived difficulty was 2 of 10 (range 1–7) for catheterizations without hematoma, versus 2 of 10 (range 1–8) for catheterizations with hematoma (P = 0.3). A learning curve was evaluated by comparing mean time to vascular access and perceived difficulty in initial versus subsequent catheterizations. Mean time to vascular access was 2.5 minutes (1.0–6.4 min) in the initial 13 catheterizations versus 3.3 minutes (1.5–7.5 min) in the subsequent 14 catheterizations (P = 0.6). Median perceived difficulty in the first 13 catheterizations (3, range 1–8) was significantly greater (P = 0.049) than median perceived difficulty in the subsequent 14 catheterizations (2, range 1–6). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided jugular catheterization is associated with a learning curve but is successful in obtaining rapid vascular access in dogs. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the utility of this technique in a clinical setting.
High-Performance Electrically Tunable RF Phase Shifter With the Application of PZT and Permalloy Thin-Film Patterns

A fully electrically tunable RF phase shifter enabled with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and Permalloy (Py) thin-film patterns based on the step impedance slow wave structure is well designed and fabricated. Tunable metal-insulator–metal structure capacitor enabled with the PZT thin film is integrated into the phase shifter so that the working frequency can be tuned by dc voltage, and the tuning voltage is significantly decreased compared with the previous research. The Py thin film is patterned and is deposited on the signal line of the proposed phase shifter that enables a tunable working frequency by dc current. Both inductive and capacitive tunability of phase shifter are achieved simultaneously. When 200 mA dc current is provided between two ports of phase shifter, the working frequency tuning range is 2% from 1.98 to 2.04 GHz. The tuning range is 5% from 1.98 to 2.08 GHz when 8 V dc voltage is added between the signal line and the ground. When both 8 V dc voltage and 200 mA dc current are applied, the working frequency of the proposed phase shifter is tunable from 1.98 to 2.12 GHz with a tunability of 7.1%.
Arcuate NPY neurons and energy homeostasis in diet-induced obese and resistant rats

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus regulate and are regulated by short-term changes in energy homeostasis. Both outbred and inbred strains of rats that develop diet-induced obesity (DIO) or are diet resistant (DR) when fed a diet relatively high in energy, fat, and sucrose content (HE diet) were used to study arcuate NPY mRNA expression during long-term changes in energy balance. Outbred, chow-fed obesity-prone rats had 59% higher NPY levels than obesity-resistant rats. After 14 wk on HE diet, DIO rats had 17% lower NPY levels than DR rats made comparably obese on a highly palatable diet. When switched to chow, obese DR rats spontaneously reduced their intake and their body weights fell to control levels in association with a 10% decrease in NPY levels. DIO rats lost weight only with energy restriction associated with a 21% increase in their NPY levels. When again fed ad libitum, the weight and NPY levels in the rats returned to those of unrestricted DIO rats. Chow-fed, inbred DIO rats weigh more and are fatter than age-matched inbred DR rats. As with outbred DIO rats fed the HE diet, inbred DIO rats had 20% lower NPY levels than DR rats. Thus preobese, outbred DIO rats have high levels of NPY message that are not susceptible to metabolic regulation. When obesity develops in both inbred and outbred rats, the levels of NPY mRNA fall but become responsive to alterations in energy availability.
INFLUENCE OF GLAZE COMPOSITION ON THE MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF ELECTRICAL PORCELAIN

The influence of the glaze composition upon glaze fit and mechanical strength has been studied on a series of commercial and twelve experimental glazes. The latter have a RO constant of 0.3 K2O, 0.7 CaO, 0.4 to 0.7 Al2O3, and 2.4 to 5.6 SiO2. The coefficient of thermal expansion was determined by calculation. Glazes high in fluxes (feldspar and whiting) appear to be unfavorable to high strength and good glaze fit.
Control of properties during the growth of a large number of (Y, Sm)3(Ga, Fe)5O12 films from the same melt

Abstract For the growth of a large number of (Y, Sm)3(Ga, Fe)5O12 films from the same melt, we describe the drift and methods to control the drift in film properties, so that the films are suitable for making magnetic bubble memory devices. The melt was based on PbO-B2O3 flux. The film thickness h and the characteristic length l were kept at around 5.4 μm and 0.54 μm respectively. The desired h was achieved by adjusting the growth time. The desired values for l were achieved by adjusting the growth temperature and by periodically adding small amounts of Ga2O3. The lattice constant was kept within the specified limits by periodic additions of Y2O3. Using these techniques we were able to grow more than a hundred films, out of which ∼ 85% were acceptable for device fabrication. Based on the deduced values for the composition of our films, we have calculated the melt depletion resulting from the growth of a single film. We find that the experimentally determined additions of Ga2O3 and Y2O3 that gave us good control over film properties are almost equal to the calculated depletions for these two oxides.
Multipolarity and the new world (dis)order: US hegemonic decline and the fragmentation of the global climate regime

Abstract The international climate change negotiations leading to and including the Copenhagen and Cancun Conferences of the Parties in 2009 and 2010 have shown a very different balance of power from those of the 1997 Kyoto round. This “New World dis(Order)” is characterized by insecurity of the United States in the face of economic and political decline vis-a-vis China; fragmentation of the Group of 77 developing nations negotiating bloc; and weakening of the European Union, which was cut out entirely from the group negotiating the Copenhagen Accord. In addition to old alignments of developing countries based on solidarity , negotiating blocs have fractured along lines of responsibility for climate change, capability to address it, and national vulnerability to climate risks. This paper assesses whether, over the past two decades, negotiations have come closer to meeting basic criteria of international climate justice, and chronicles how environmental negotiations have come to reflect a different and shifting balance of power. Drawing insights from Giovanni Arrighi and Beverly Silver's analyses of US hegemonic decline and the rise of China, the article argues that the roots of the worst stubbornness by the US in recent climate talks lie in growing insecurity about its ability to provide jobs for its workers in a future where all sorts of work is moving to China and India.
Viability of some metabolic processes in the isolated toad brain adapted to two osmotic environments

The viability of the isolated toad brain in an aerated Ringer-like medium has been evaluated by the following criteria: 1) amino acid content before and after incubation; 2) accumulation of amino acids in the incubation medium; 3) a comparison of glucose utilization and [U-14C]glucose metabolism with that occurring in vivo; 4) tissue swelling; and 5) tissue lactate content. On the basis of these criteria, the isolated toad brain, from toads adapted to a fresh-water or a salt-water environment, retains considerable metabolic integrity for at least 2 hr of incubation at 25° C. Specifically, there was no swelling of the tissue, no apparent accumulation of lactate in the tissue, glucose appeared to be utilized at a rate not too different from that calculated for the toad brain in vivo, and the distribution of label from [U-14C]glucose had an overall pattern which resembled that observed in vivo. The tissue levels of amino acids were generally stable in vitro; however, there was a marked decline in the content of aspartate. The accumulation of amino acids in the medium varied considerably from one amino acid to another. Thus, there was very little net efflux of aspartate, GABA, and glutamate from the tissue but considerable net efflux of glutamine. This efflux of amino acids was greater from brains of hyperosmotically adapted toads than from the brains of toads adapted to fresh water by amounts proportional to their initial tissue contents.