cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Method for Monitoring Food Quality and the Healthfulness of Consumers' Grocery Purchases.

This study presents a method laying the groundwork for systematically monitoring food quality and the healthfulness of consumers’ point-of-sale grocery purchases. The method automates the process of identifying United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Patterns Equivalent Database (FPED) components of grocery food items. The input to the process is the compact abbreviated descriptions of food items that are similar to those appearing on the point-of-sale sales receipts of most food retailers. The FPED components of grocery food items are identified using Natural Language Processing techniques combined with a collection of food concept maps and relationships that are manually built using the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, the What We Eat In America food categories, and the hierarchical organization of food items used by many grocery stores. We have established the construct validity of the method using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, but further evaluation of validity and reliability will require a large-scale reference standard with known grocery food quality measures. Here we evaluate the method’s utility in identifying the FPED components of grocery food items available in a large sample of retail grocery sales data (~190 million transaction records).
A Constituent-Centric Neural Architecture for Reading Comprehension.

Reading comprehension (RC), aiming to understand natural texts and answer questions therein, is a challenging task. In this paper, we study the RC problem on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD). Observing from the training set that most correct answers are centered around constituents in the parse tree, we design a constituent-centric neural architecture where the generation of candidate answers and their representation learning are both based on constituents and guided by the parse tree. Under this architecture, the search space of candidate answers can be greatly reduced without sacrificing the coverage of correct answers and the syntactic, hierarchical and compositional structure among constituents can be well captured, which contributes to better representation learning of the candidate answers. On SQuAD, our method achieves the state of the art performance and the ablation study corroborates the effectiveness of individual modules.
Talk About the Non-Existent

‘Devadatta, the son of a barren woman, does not speak—but neither is he silent.’ Most non-philosophers would be inclined to accept the Buddhists’ claim that this sentence is true, and that it is about Devadatta. There are widely shared pre-theoretical intuitions to the effect that it is possible to make true assertions about non-existent entities. But many philosophers see this as yet another instance in which our intuitions lead us astray. In the West there is a tradition beginning with Parmenides that denies that anything meaningful can be said about the nonexistent. In response to the challenge that at least this much may be said about a non-existent, that it does not exist, this tradition has given us various analyses of negative existentials all of which are designed to show that such sentences are actually about something else. Only a relative handful of Western philosophers-Meinong being the best known example-defend common sense on this point. But the Meinongian defense comes at a price--a bloated ontology replete with the golden mountain, unicorns, and the son of a barren woman-that many find too steep to pay.
Synchronizing Ovarian and Birth Cycles by Female Pheromones

The timing of ovulation can be altered by olfactory signals from other females in the social environment. In the rat, olfactory communication results in the synchronization of estrous cycles within a female social group: the majority of females are likely to be at the same phase of their estrous cycles on the same day (McClintock, 1978; McClintock, 1981). This may be a mechanism to coordinate fertility and infant care with an appropriate social and physical environment (McClintock, 1981; McClintock, In press)
Novel Technologies for Neonatal Care: The Case of Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasonography.

* Abbreviations: CT — : computed tomography LUS — : lung ultrasound POCUS — : point-of-care ultrasound The introduction of a new technology into clinical practice is a slow process that includes research, training practitioners, and assessing its gradual diffusion into practice. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is currently 1 such technology in neonatology. Historically, in pediatrics, ultrasound use has been limited to cardiologists and radiologists. More recently, other pediatric acute care disciplines including pediatric critical care, emergency medicine, anesthesiology, and neonatology have used bedside ultrasound with increasing frequency in procedural and diagnostic applications. The value of POCUS for interventional applications and real-time longitudinal physiologic assessment of sick neonates has been recognized for many years. Despite these benefits, a recent survey revealed that less than one-third of the US Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine programs use bedside ultrasound for diagnostic and management decisions.1 The use of ultrasound to evaluate the pediatric patient’s lungs is relatively new and a potentially revolutionary approach. Over the past 2 decades there have been accumulating data, which allow radiologists and bedside providers to understand the value and the limitations of this imaging modality. Lung ultrasound (LUS) signs (eg, A-lines, B-lines, lung-sliding, etc) are the same among neonatal, pediatric, and adult patients. Among neonates, changes in the presence and absence of these signs occur rapidly after birth. It is only recently that these changes have been … Address correspondence to Scott A. Lorch, MD, MSCE, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 2716 South St, Room 10-251, Philadelphia, PA 19146. E-mail: lorch{at}email.chop.edu
Clinical Trial Recruitment and Retention of College Students with Type 1 Diabetes via Social Media: An Implementation Case Study.

Background:We sought to quantify the efficiency and acceptability of Internet-based recruitment for engaging an especially hard-to-reach cohort (college-students with type 1 diabetes, T1D) and to d...
On the Hölder regularity for the fractional Schrödinger equation and its improvement for radial data

We consider the linear, time-independent fractional Schrodinger equation (-Δ)^s ψ + Vψ = f on Ω ⊂ R^N. We are interested in the local Holder exponents of distributional solutions ψ, assuming local L^p integrability of the functions V and f. By standard arguments, we obtain the formula 2s−N/p for the local Holder exponent of ψ where we take some extra care regarding endpoint cases. For our main result, we assume that V and f (but not necessarily ψ) are radial functions, a situation which is commonplace in applications. We find that the regularity theory “becomes one dimensional” in the sense that the Holder exponent improves from 2s−N/p to 2s−1/p away from the origin. Similar results hold for ∇ψ as well.
Spurious Point Source Signals in the Galactic Center Excess

We reexamine evidence that the Galactic Center Excess (GCE) originates primarily from point sources (PSs). We show that in our region of interest, non-Poissonian template fitting evidence for GCE PSs is an artifact of unmodeled north-south asymmetry of the GCE. This asymmetry is strongly favored by the fit (although it is unclear if this is physical), and when it is allowed, the preference for PSs becomes insignificant. We reproduce this behavior in simulations, including detailed properties of the spurious PS population. We conclude that the non-Poissonian template fitting evidence for GCE PSs is highly susceptible to certain systematic errors and should not at present be taken to robustly disfavor a dominantly smooth GCE.
Endoscopic percutaneous suture lateralization for neonatal bilateral vocal cord paralysis

本文介绍了采用支撑喉镜内镜下经皮单侧声带外移缝合固定术治疗的3例新生儿双侧声带麻痹患儿的诊疗经验。3例患儿出生后即有喉喘鸣、重度呼吸困难以及低氧血症，需要呼吸支持治疗，出生后3 d内均确诊。支撑喉内镜下利用2个10 ml注射器的针头，经皮穿针置入4-0不可吸收缝线，把线引出到颈外打结固定，外移一侧声带后部，扩大声门开放气道，缓解呼吸困难。3例患儿术后2~3周喉喘鸣、呼吸困难均有明显改善，均无需气管切开术。其中2例患儿出院时能正常呼吸和正常喂养，1例患儿能正常呼吸但需要勺子喂养。随访至2019年11月，有1例患儿双侧声带运动恢复，另2例患儿双侧声带运动暂未见恢复。.
Temporal Dynamics of High-Density Lipoprotein Proteome in Diet-Controlled Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

We examined the effect of mild hyperglycemia on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and kinetics in diet-controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). 2H2O-labeling coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to quantify HDL cholesterol turnover and HDL proteome dynamics in subjects with T2D (n = 9) and age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (n = 8). The activities of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), and the proinflammatory index of HDL were quantified. Plasma adiponectin levels were reduced in subjects with T2D, which was directly associated with suppressed ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL. The fractional catabolic rates of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), ApoJ, ApoA-IV, transthyretin, complement C3, and vitamin D-binding protein (all p < 0.05) were increased in subjects with T2D. Despite increased HDL flux of acute-phase HDL proteins, there was no change in the proinflammatory index of HDL. Although LCAT and CETP activities were not affected in subjects with T2D, LCAT was inversely associated with blood glucose and CETP was inversely associated with plasma adiponectin. The degradation rates of ApoA-II and ApoA-IV were correlated with hemoglobin A1c. In conclusion, there were in vivo impairments in HDL proteome dynamics and HDL metabolism in diet-controlled patients with T2D.
The perennial dissatisfaction of urban upbringing

Abstract This study provides new evidence to the urban malaise (unhappiness) hypothesis. A new key finding is added: Urban upbringing is associated with lower happiness levels later in life. This outcome is above and beyond the effect associated with living currently in a city. Strikingly, the negative effect of urbanicity in one's youth is about as strong statistically, and practically (effect size), as the effect of urbanicity given one's current place of residence. In addition, our findings show that there may be a happiness benefit to growing up on a farm. The present study is inspired by Lederbogen et al. (2011) who showed that growing up in a city has a negative lasting effect in a person's life. We also find interactive effects: people who grew up in larger areas but live in smaller areas have lower levels of happiness than those who grew up in smaller areas and continue to live there. There is also an interactive effect with age: older people are happier if they grew up on a farm. These results aim to stimulate discussion by challenging the mainstream pro-urban view that people are happier in cities. This study is based on U.S. data, thus our results may not generalize to other countries or historical contexts.
Effect of compound decotion on activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and regulation of Ca2+ after traumatic brain injury

Objective To dynamically observe the effect of compound decotion on changes of Na+-K+-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase activity,intracellular free Ca2+ contents and CaM expression jn bomogenate and mitochondria of rat brain tissues after traumatic brain injury(TBI)and investigate the molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effect of compound decotion.Methods Rat TBI models were made and divided into sham operation group,TBI group and compound decotion treatment group(treated with comof normal saline,twice per day for seven days.Rats were sacrificed at 24 h,72 h and 1 week after injury to dynamically observe activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in bomogenate and mitochondria of rat brain tissues,concentration of free Ca2+ in neurocytes and expression change of CaM in brain tissues.Results The activities of Na+-K+-ATP ageand Ca2+-ATPase in homogenates and mitochondria of brain tissues markedly decreased at different time point and increased gradually after 72 hours in TBI group but wag still lower than that of sham operation group at one week after injury.However,compound decotion could significantly enhance the activities of Na+-K+-ATPageand Ca2+-ATPage(P＜0.05).In TBI group,concentration of free Ca2+ in neurocytes and CaM expression in brain tissues were elevated at different degrees at different time point and reached peak at 24 hours after injury but still lower than that of sham operation group at 72 hours.While concentration of free Ca2+ in neurocytes and CaM expression in brain tissues were significantly lower than those of TBI group at different time point(P＜0.05).Conclusions The neuroprotective effect of compound decotion may be related to its role in increasing activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase to facilitate cellular metabolism and decreasing concentration of free Ca2+ in neurocytes and CaM expression in brain tissues to mitigate secondary brain injury induced by Ca2+ over load. Key words: Brain injuries; Adenosinetriphosphatase; Calmodulin
Understanding trajectories of underlying dimensions of posttraumatic psychopathology

Abstract Background Research suggests four modal trajectories of psychological symptoms after traumatic injury: Resilient, Chronic, Delayed Onset, Recovery. However, most studies focus on symptoms of psychiatric disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression), which are limited by heterogeneity and symptom overlap. We examined trajectories of cross-cutting posttraumatic symptom dimensions following traumatic injury and predictors of trajectory membership. Methods In this longitudinal study of 427 predominantly Hispanic/Latino traumatic injury survivors, posttraumatic psychopathology symptoms were assessed during hospitalization and approximately one and five months post-trauma. Using latent class growth analysis, we estimated trajectories of several posttraumatic symptom dimensions: re-experiencing, avoidance, anxious arousal, numbing, dysphoric arousal, loss, and threat. We then examined sociodemographic and trauma-related characteristics (measured during hospitalization) as predictors of trajectory membership for each dimension. Results Four trajectories (Resilient, Chronic, Delayed Onset, Recovery) emerged for all dimensions except loss and threat, which manifested three trajectories (Resilient, Chronic, Delayed Onset). Across dimensions, membership in the Chronic (vs. Resilient) trajectory was consistently predicted by unemployment (7 of 7 dimensions), followed by older age (3/7), female sex (3/7), and assaultive trauma (2/7). For several dimensions, unemployment also distinguished between participants who presented with similar symptom levels days after trauma, but then diverged over time. Limitations Measures of posttraumatic symptom dimension constructs differed across assessments. Conclusions This study provides evidence of distinct trajectories across transdiagnostic symptom dimensions after traumatic injury. Employment status emerged as the most important predictor of trajectory membership. Research is needed to better understand the etiologies and consequences of these posttraumatic symptom dimension trajectories.
Preparing School-Based Teacher Educators: Mentor Teachers' Perceptions of Mentoring and Mentor Training.

Teacher education is in the midst of a national shift toward clinically centered teacher preparation, answering recent calls from professional associations, scholarly and policy reports, and accred...
Bald Cypress knees, Taxodium distichum (Cupressaceae): An anatomical study, with functional implications

Abstract Bald Cypress knees are polymorphous narrowly conical or multitipped vertical root outgrowths formed predominantly in swampy habitats by Taxodium distichum. Almost 180 years of sporadic botanical attention to the knees has failed to generate consensus on their adaptive significance, a situation exacerbated by inadequate data on their structure. The purpose of the present project is to provide a broad structural study of the knees and associated roots, including bark. The effort is based primarily on microtome sections, on macerations, and on biopsy punch specimens from living knees. The knee wood is soft and light yet solid, with tracheids highly varied in length and diameter, often notably broad. Rays and axial parenchyma contain abundant starch. Rays are mostly uniseriate in the wood, and often dilate to multiseriate in the bark. Axial parenchyma is limited in the wood, prolific in the inner bark. The porous knee outer bark, comprised mostly of fibers and collapsed thin-walled cells, flakes off leaving few layers adherent to the inner bark. The inner bark is less porous and initiates cavities upon cell deterioration between fibers. While not ruling out the common perception of knees serving as “pneumatophores” ventilating the roots, the results suggest a critical role aerating the phloem as well as the axial parenchyma, ray parenchyma, and cambium within the knee itself.
Racial disparities in the survival of patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the United States.

There is a paucity of data regarding racial disparities in the survival of patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphomas (iNHL) in the contemporary time-period. Hence, we sought to determine whether racial disparities exist in the survival of patients with iNHLs in the US. We included 68,059 adult patients with follicular lymphoma (FL, n=41,943), marginal zone lymphoma (MZL, n=22,485), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (LPL/WM, n=3,631) who were diagnosed in the US between 2000-2017. Race was categorized as White, Black, Asian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Alaska Native (API/AI). The primary outcome was relative survival (RS), which was estimated using flexible parametric survival models. RS estimates varied according to race and disease histology but were consistently lower for racial minorities, including those diagnosed during the most recent 5-year time-period of 2012-2017. On multivariable analysis for RS, Black patients with FL had a 32% higher excess mortality rate compared to White patients [adjusted excess hazard ratio (aEHR), 1.32; 95% CI, 1.15-1.51; P <0.001], corresponding to a difference of 55 (95% CI, 24-86) excess deaths per 10,000 person-years. For MZL, Black patients had a 40% higher excess mortality rate compared to White patients (aEHR 1.40; 95%CI, 1.18-1.66; P <0.001), corresponding to a difference of 62 (95% CI, 26-98) excess deaths per 10,000 person-years. No significant racial differences were detected for patients with WM. The greatest disparity was seen for younger Black patients with FL. Our findings highlight the need for interventions to improve the outcomes of Black patients with iNHLs, particularly younger Black patients with FL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Transfer-Learnt Models for Predicting Electricity Consumption in Buildings with Limited and Sparse Field Data

Buildings are a primary consumer of electricity in the United States and are also increasingly being perceived as providers of grid services such as load shifting, shedding and modulation. High fidelity models of building electricity consumption are needed to set appropriate baselines for measurement and verification (M&V) of controllers designed for energy efficient operation of buildings and to enable buildings to provide grid services via. participation in demand response programs. State-of-the-art modeling techniques for building electricity consumption either rely on physics-based models, or extensive instrumentation of the building envelope to gather “big” data to train machine learning based models such as deep neural networks. While physics-based models are often limited by their accuracy, it is not always feasible to gather a significant amount of field data required to train machine learning based models with sufficient accuracy. In this paper, we explore the use of transfer learning-based strategies to address unsatisfactory accuracy of models for estimating building electricity consumption when available field data for training is sparse or of unacceptable quality. In particular, we transfer knowledge in the form of data and parameters, from physics-based simulation frameworks to the field to improve the model accuracy, thus resulting in a physics-informed machine learning framework. We evaluated the efficacy of our approach on field data collected from six commercial buildings and our results indicate that the proposed transfer learning-based models provide comparative (and in some cases better) accuracy than state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning solutions, with just one month of field data.
Nuclear RNA binding regulates TDP-43 nuclear localization and passive nuclear export

Abstract Nuclear clearance of the DNA/RNA-binding protein TDP-43 is a pathologic hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia that remains unexplained. Moreover, our current understanding of TDP-43 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling does not fully explain the predominantly nuclear localization of TDP-43 in healthy cells. Here, we used permeabilized and live-cell models to investigate TDP-43 nuclear export and the role of RNA in TDP-43 localization. We show that TDP-43 nuclear efflux occurs in low-ATP conditions and independent of active mRNA export, consistent with export by passive diffusion through nuclear pore channels. TDP-43 nuclear residence requires binding to GU-rich nuclear intronic pre-mRNAs, based on the induction of TDP-43 nuclear efflux by RNase and GU-rich oligomers and TDP-43 nuclear retention conferred by pre-mRNA splicing inhibitors. Mutation of TDP-43 RNA recognition motifs disrupts TDP-43 nuclear accumulation and abolishes transcriptional blockade-induced TDP-43 nuclear efflux, demonstrating strict dependence of TDP-43 nuclear localization on RNA binding. Thus, the nuclear abundance of GU-rich intronic pre-mRNAs, as dictated by the balance of transcription and pre-mRNA processing, regulates TDP-43 nuclear sequestration and availability for passive nuclear export.
Is Hybrid Teaching Good for Your IT Class

This presentation aims to discuss using hybrid approach to engage students' active learning in IT course teachings. We introduce our practices and findings in teaching a core IT course in a hybrid class. We present the promising outcomes and aim to invoke discussions on the benefits and potential challenges in making IT classes hybrid.
Open-source Software Sustainability Models: Initial White Paper From the Informatics Technology for Cancer Research Sustainability and Industry Partnership Working Group

Background: The National Cancer Institute Informatics Technology for Cancer Research (ITCR) program provides a series of funding mechanisms to create an ecosystem of open-source software (OSS) that serves the needs of cancer research. As the ITCR ecosystem substantially grows, it faces the challenge of the long-term sustainability of the software being developed by ITCR grantees. To address this challenge, the ITCR sustainability and industry partnership working group (SIP-WG) was convened in 2019. Objective: The charter of the SIP-WG is to investigate options to enhance the long-term sustainability of the OSS being developed by ITCR, in part by developing a collection of business model archetypes that can serve as sustainability plans for ITCR OSS development initiatives. The working group assembled models from the ITCR program, from other studies, and from the engagement of its extensive network of relationships with other organizations (eg, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Open Source Initiative, and Software Sustainability Institute) in support of this objective. Methods: This paper reviews the existing sustainability models and describes 10 OSS use cases disseminated by the SIP-WG and others, including 3D Slicer, Bioconductor, Cytoscape, Globus, i2b2 (Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside) and tranSMART, Insight Toolkit, Linux, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics tools, R, and REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture), in 10 sustainability aspects: governance, documentation, code quality, support, ecosystem collaboration, security, legal, finance, marketing, and dependency hygiene. Results: Information available to the public reveals that all 10 OSS have effective governance, comprehensive documentation, high code quality, reliable dependency hygiene, strong user and developer support, and active marketing. These OSS include a variety of licensing models (eg, general public license version 2, general public license version 3, Berkeley Software Distribution, and Apache 3) and financial models (eg, federal research funding, industry and membership support, and commercial support). However, detailed information on ecosystem collaboration and security is not publicly provided by most OSS. Conclusions: We recommend 6 essential attributes for research software: alignment with unmet scientific needs, a dedicated development team, a vibrant user community, a feasible licensing model, a sustainable financial model, and effective product management. We also stress important actions to be considered in future ITCR activities that involve the discussion of the sustainability and licensing models for ITCR OSS, the establishment of a central library, the allocation of consulting resources to code quality control, ecosystem collaboration, security, and dependency hygiene.
Cold-Formed Light-Gage Steel Construction

Structural members, panels, and decks cold-formed from sheet or strip steel have gained wide acceptance in building construction. The paper reviews some of the peculiarities of the design of light-gage construction. Methods for such design are given in the pertinent Specification of the American Iron and Steel Institute, based largely on research carried out at Cornell University. Performance of thin-walled steel structures is illustrated by selected examples from this research. Current fabrication methods are briefly mentioned and the second part of the paper contains illustrated examples which describe the present range of useage of cold-formed, light-gage steel construction.
Law and Space Telecommunications

A few short months ago millions of people on this planet shared the thrilling and awe-inspiring experience of man's first landing on the moon. This event, though taking place more than a quarter of a million miles from earth, was seen simultaneously by more people than have ever witnessed any previous event in all of man's history. The peoples of the world, whether in Latin America, in Europe, or in Asia, were able to share equally in this great adventure, viewing man's first contact with the moon within a fraction of a second of its actual occurrence. This
The central role of tumor-evoked Bregs in breast cancer metastasis as inducers of metastasis-promoting Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressive cells. (TUM4P.903)

We recently found that, by utilizing metabolites of 5-lipooxygenase, highly metastatic 4T1 breast cancer induces the generation of unique subset of regulatory B cells, tBregs1,2. The role of tBregs in metastasis is that they induce conversion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) that protect metastasizing cells by inactivating antitumor effector NK cells and CD8+ T cells 1,3. The absence of tBregs or a B-cell deficiency in μMT mice is sufficient to disable the ability of 4T1 cancer cells to metastasize into the lungs. Although in this model the myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) have been shown to also promote metastasis, surprisingly we failed to associate their importance in metastasis. MDSC are normally expanded (an assumed pro-metastatic requirement) without apparent phenotypic changes in B-cell deficient mice or if tBregs are inactivated. However, adoptive transfer of MDSC from tumor-bearing WT mice, but not μMT mice, is able to restore lung metastasis of 4T1 cancer in μMT mice, suggesting that tBregs may be needed for the education of MDSC. Here we provide the mechanistic proof that tBregs indeed render MDSC pro-metastatic. tBregs target and use relatively small subset of MDSC. Thus, our data not only uncover previously unknown regulatory pathway, but also suggest a cautious new interpretation on the importance of MDSC in metastasis. 1 Olkhanud, P. B. et al. Cancer Res. 2011. 2 Wejksza, K. et al. J.Immunol. 2013. 3 Olkhanud, P. B. et al. Cancer Res. 2009.
Development of the Third Generation JPL Electronic Nose for International Space Station Technology Demonstration

The capabilities of the JPL Electronic Nose have been expanded to include characteristics required for a Technology Demonstration schedule on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2008-2009 [1,2]. Concurrently, to accommodate specific needs on ISS, the processes, tools and analyses which influence all aspects of development of the device have also been expanded. The Third Generation ENose developed for this program uses two types of sensor substrates, newly developed inorganic and organic sensor materials, redesigned electronics, onboard near real-time data analysis and power and data interfaces specifically for ISS. This paper will discuss the Third Generation ENose with a focus on detection of mercury in the parts-per-billion range.
Abstract P348: Lower Odds of Post-Stroke Depression Among Hispanics in New York City: Findings From the Stroke Warning Information and Faster Treatment (SWIFT) Study

Introduction: Post-stroke depression (PSD) is common and associated with poor stroke outcomes, lower quality of life, and higher health care costs. Few studies have examined race/ethnic disparities in PSD, with inconsistent findings. Characteristics of social networks - which may differ by race/ethnicity and influence mental health outcomes - have not been investigated as explanations for race/ethnic disparities in PSD. Hypothesis: Having larger social networks explains the protective effect of Hispanic ethnicity on PSD. Methods: As part of SWIFT, mild/moderate stroke and TIA patients were prospectively enrolled in an educational intervention aimed at action around acute stroke symptoms. Depressive symptoms were assessed as part of a larger neurological and psychosocial battery in 1,014 individuals hospitalized for stroke/TIA in upper Manhattan using the CES-D scale. CES-D scores ≥ 8 indicated any depression (8-15 = minor depression, ≥ 16 = depression). Both minor depression and depression were assessed g...
Thirst and fluid regulatory responses to hypertonicity in older adults

To assess the fluid regulatory responses in aging adults, we measured thirst perception and osmoregulation during and after infusion of hypertonic NaCl) saline in older (72 +/- 2 yr, n = 6) and younger (26 +/- n = 6) subjects. Hypertonic saline was infused at 0.1 min-1.kg-1 for 120 min. On a separate day, the same subjects were infused identically with isotonic saline as a control. After infusion and a 30-min equilibration period, the drank water ad libitum for 180 min. Hypertonic infusion led to graded increases in plasma osmolality (Posm; 18 +/- 2 and 20 +/- 2 mosmol/kgH2O) and percent changes plasma volume (16.2 +/- 1.9 and 18.0 +/- 1.2%) that were in older and younger subjects. Osmotically stimulated increases in thirst (94.8 +/- 18.9 and 88.3 +/- 25.6 mm), assessed on a line rating scale, and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration (6.08 +/- 1.50 and 4.51 +/- 1.37 pg/ml, for older younger, respectively) were also unaffected by age. subsequent hypervolemia, both groups of subjects sufficient water to restore preinfusion levels of Posm. Renal handling of free water and sodium was also unaffected by age during recovery from hypertonic saline infusion, but was significantly lower in older subjects during recovery from saline infusion, resulting in net fluid retention and a significant fall in Posm (6 mosmol/kgH2O). In contrast to earlier reports of a blunted thirst response to dehydration hypertonicity, we found that osmotically stimulated thirst and renal osmoregulation were intact in older adults after hypertonic saline infusion.
Expression Patterns and Mutant Phenotype of teosinte branched1 Correlate With Growth Suppression in Maize and Teosinte

The evolution of domesticated maize from its wild ancestor teosinte is a dramatic example of the effect of human selection on agricultural crops. Maize has one dominant axis of growth, whereas teosinte is highly branched. The axillary branches in maize are short and feminized whereas the axillary branches of teosinte are long and end in a male inflorescence under normal growth conditions. Previous QTL and molecular analysis suggested that the teosinte branched1 (tb1) gene of maize contributed to the architectural difference between maize and teosinte. tb1 mutants of maize resemble teosinte in their overall architecture. We analyzed the tb1 mutant phenotype in more detail and showed that the highly branched phenotype was due to the presence of secondary and tertiary axillary branching, as well as to an increase in the length of each node, rather than to an increase in the number of nodes. Double-mutant analysis with anther ear1 and tassel seed2 revealed that the sex of the axillary inflorescence was not correlated with its length. RNA in situ hybridization showed that tb1 was expressed in maize axillary meristems and in stamens of ear primordia, consistent with a function of suppressing growth of these tissues. Expression in teosinte inflorescence development suggests a role in pedicellate spikelet suppression. Our results provide support for a role for tb1 in growth suppression and reveal the specific tissues where suppression may occur.
Macronutrient concentration in plant parts of cotton fertilized with broiler litter in a marginal upland soil

Abstract Effectiveness of surface-applied unincorporated broiler litter as a fertilizer relative to conventional inorganic fertilizers under no-till or conventional-till cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) production systems in the upland soils of the southern and southeastern USA is not well documented. The objectives of this research were to (1) test if broiler litter improves plant macronutrient (N, P, K, and Mg) nutrition of cotton above that of cotton fertilized with conventional inorganic fertilizers and (2) determine if lack of incorporating litter into the soil reduces macronutrient concentration in cotton plant parts in an upland soil considered marginal for cotton. Six treatments consisting of an unfertilized control, a fertilized standard (STD), two litter-only, and two litter plus inorganic N as urea–ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) were tested in two adjacent fields, one under no-till (NT) and the other under conventional-till (CT) systems. Litter alone, UAN, or a combination of litter plus UAN were applied to supply 101 kg ha −1 plant available N assuming nearly all of the UAN-N and 50% of the total litter N becomes plant available during the cotton growing season. Concentration of N, P, K, and Mg were measured in leaves, stems, and reproductive parts on three or four dates between early flowering and maturity. Cotton fertilized with the litter-only treatments always had less N concentration but greater P and K concentration in leaves, stems, and reproductive parts than cotton that received the STD treatment. Leaf and stem Mg concentration seems to depend on the N concentration in these plant parts. Lack of incorporating litter into the soil reduced N concentration in nearly all plant parts at all growth stages, suggesting some amount of the litter-derived N is lost due to lack of incorporation. Lack of incorporation also reduced leaf and stem Mg concentration, which seemed to be due to its reducing effect on N concentration. Unlike N and Mg, lack of incorporation did not consistently affect concentrations of P and K in all plant parts. Regardless of the incorporation treatment, fertilization with the litter-only treatments increased tissue P and K concentration and supported lint yield exceeding that of the STD without increasing tissue N concentration.
How to Frame History

This work looks at two examples of a literary device, which I have labeled the “set-up” story, used within the narratives of historical works. This literary device, as this paper will illustrate, were used to help the listener/reader frame the historical narrative that he/she was about to hear/read. It does this in three ways: the first is to have the set-up story follow a certain pattern that the listener/reader is familiar with. The second way is to use the set-up story as a moral micro-narrative of what is about to occur, The third is for the set-up story to be a lead-in; that is, the narrator would like the listener/reader to understand the protocols of certain actions. This paper will look at two examples of the second and third form of the set-up story.
The incidence of spontaneous neoplasia in two populations of captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

Abstract Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are genetically similar to humans and share many characteristics of aging and age-related diseases. They age at approximately three times the rate of humans and develop spontaneous cancers. In both humans and rhesus macaques, cancer incidence increases with age with the greatest incidence in those over 60 years of age and 20 years, respectively. The current survey reports on the incidence of spontaneous neoplasia in two colonies of captive rhesus macaques: the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center colony with 28 years of records and a National Institute on Aging colony with 21 years of records. When categorized by organ and histologic diagnosis, the average age at diagnosis was greater than 20 years for all categories except oral squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasms of the gastrointestinal system were the most commonly diagnosed, accounting for 48.8% of the cases. Adenocarcinomas of the large intestine were the most prevalent tumor identified. Although there ar...
Surgical treatment of vascular malformations of the extremities in children and adolescents

The treatment of vascular malformations (VM) of the extremities is controversial. Six patients with large, localized, symptomatic VMs of the extremities underwent surgical excision. In five cases abnormal vessels were apparent under the skin; in two of these there was also red discoloration of the skin secondary to skin involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging was the most helpful imaging modality in evaluating these patients. Subfascial resection was performed in five cases. Muscle was involved in four patients and was removed in all four cases. At follow-up, there was improvement in symptoms and function with no clinically apparent recurrence an average of 30 months following the operation. There was improvement in pain intensity from an average of 4.3 on a scale of 1 to 10 before surgery to 1.3 after surgery. Surgical excision of localized VMs that are extensive and include fascia and muscle, as appropriate, can successfully improve pain and function without evidence of recurrence at 1 to 5 years of follow-up.
Copernicus and the Science of the Stars

In a book that has been 40 years in the making, Westman shows how important astrology was to Copernicus9s work and its interpretation into the early 17th century.
Sporogony, development and ultrastructure of Plasmodium floridense in Culex erraticus.

Abstract The sporogonic stages of Plasmodium floridense were studied for the first time by light and electron microscopy in the midgut and salivary glands of Culex erraticus . The sporogonic cycle of P. floridense was variable, but was usually completed by 11–14 days, at 22°C, after mosquitoes took an infective blood-meal. Melanization of oocysts and degeneration of sporozoites occasionally occurred and may have contributed to the variability in time when sporozoites were observed in the salivary glands. Sporozoites were in the range of 8–22 × 0.8–1.5 μm and were approximately three times the length of sporozoites of two other species of saurian malaria. Plasmodium mexicanum and Plasmodium agamae . Oocysts were usually extracellular, extending into the hemocoel. However, some also protruded into the lumen of the midgut. Early, non-vacuolated oocysts had translucent lipid-like droplets, mitochondria, large nuclei with dense nucleoli, and three types of inclusion bodies: circular granules of moderate density, more dense granules associated with an irregular space of low density, and lamellar forms associated with an irregular space of low density. Differentiation of the oocyst began with internal vacuolization of the sporoblastoid, which later subdivided into several residual bodies. Linear extensions of the internal vacuoles extended to the surface of the sporoblastoid to form subcapsular spaces. Sporozoite formation was initiated by the formation of a pair of convex electron dense membranes along the length of the vacuolar extensions. One or more moderately electron-dense inclusion bodies, a nucleus, and a mitochondrion migrated into the evaginating sporozoites. Rhoptries and micronemes formed as the moderately dense inclusion bodies degenerated prior to the formation of mature sporozoites. Sporozoites were released from the oocyst and then appeared in the salivary glands of C. erraticus . Sporozoites were intracellular and were observed in groups within a vacuolar space in the salivary gland cell. Ten or 11 subpellicular microtubules were arranged asymmetrically in the anterior third of sporozoites within oocysts, two lying dorsolaterally or laterally to the remaining eight or nine arranged along the ventral surface. Microtubules within salivary gland sporozoites were rarely seen, but were clumped together in small groups when visible.
Bringing Bereavement Education into the Family Life Education Classroom

Abstract Family life educators are likely to work with or develop programs for people who are bereaved. Family life educators, themselves, also likely will be bereaved at some point. Therefore, there is a need for bereavement education to be incorporated into the family life education curriculum. The main purpose of this paper was to discuss bereavement as it relates to family life education. A secondary goal was to determine the perceived preparedness of family life education students for working with the bereaved. A sample of 239 family life education students were surveyed about their preparedness using a questionnaire that was developed for the present study. The results indicated most of the students expected to come into contact with the bereaved; yet, they did not feel prepared to work with this population. Practical suggestions for incorporating bereavement education and skills training into the curriculum are offered for teachers of future family life educators and current family life educators.
The Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ie2 Gene Encodes a Transcriptional Regulator

Abstract The baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) expresses several immediate early genes in infected cells. One of these, ie2 (formerly called IEN), was mapped and identified by its ability to augment IE1-mediated transactivation of the delayed early 39k gene. IE2 also stimulated the expression of reporter genes linked to the ie1 promoter. To test whether the increase in expression was due to increased mRNA, primer extension analyses were performed. Spodoptera frugiperda cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding IE1 in the presence or the absence of a plasmid encoding IE2, and total cellular RNA was purified. Quantitative primer extension assays revealed that cells cotransfected with pIE1 and pIE2 contained higher levels of IE1 mRNA than cells transfected with pIE1 alone. To demonstrate directly that IE2 is a transcriptional regulator, in vitro transcription assays were performed. Nuclear extracts were prepared from S. frugiperda cells transfected with either pIE2 or pUC18. The extracts containing IE2 were more active than the control extracts in transcription of a C-free cassette linked to the IE1 promoter. Immunodepletion of IE2 from the transfected extracts reduced the transcription activity to that of the control extracts. Nuclear extracts prepared from IE2-transfected cells were also more active in transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter. Taken together, these results demonstrata that IE2 is a transcriptional regulator.
Studies on thyroid autoimmune induction using cytosine arabinoside

Abstract Cytosine arabinoside administered intradermally prior to and during thyroid immunization failed to suppress the induction of autoimmune thyroiditis in guinea pigs. Although cytosine arabinoside abrogated the humoral antibody response and reduced delayed hypersensitivity, the presence of thyroid histologic lesions was not abated. The severity of histopathologic lesions in the thyroid appeared to be enhanced rather than suppressed. It is suggested that the absence of “late” thyroid antibody may have contributed to the severity of the histologic lesions.
Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of a Wetland receiving wastewater effluent in St. Joseph, Minnesota

Hydrologic and water-quality characteristics were determined for a wetland being used for tertiary treatment of wastewater in St. Joseph, Minnesota. The wetland consists of spruce-tamarack fen and a cattail marsh, with the wastewater being discharged into the fen, and the fen draining into the marsh. The wetland is underlain by flat-lying glacial outwash that ranges from 0 to greater than 20 m in thickness. Horizontal ground-water movement in the outwash aquifer is toward the wetland from the south, east, and west. There is a strong upward vertical hydraulic gradient (about 0.1) in the ground-water flow system beneath and around the wetland. Regionally, the glacial-outwash aquifer is unconfined, but it is confined or partly confined locally by peat deposits under the wetland. Analysis of the hydrologic balance of the fen from October 1985 through September 1986 indicates that the inflow was 44 percent ground water, 38 percent wastewater, 11 percent runoff (storm sewer), and 7 percent precipitation. The fen outflow was 93 percent surface water and 7 percent evapotranspiration. Inflow to the marsh was 74 percent surface water, 21 percent ground water, and 5 percent precipitation. Outflow from the marsh was 94 percent surface water and 6 percent evapotranspiration. Wastewater contributed 74,996, and 81 percent of the total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen in the fen, respectively. Other chemical inputs were from the storm sewer, ground water, and atmospheric deposition. The fen was found to retain 34, 14, and 14 percent of the suspended solids, total phosphorus, and total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, respectively. The marsh retained 44, 18, and 22 percent of these three constituents, respectively.
Invertase and maltase in the free space of the maize scutellum

Abstract When maize scutellum slices were incubated in solutions of sucrose or maltose, there was a release of glucose into the bathing solution. The pH optima for glucose release were 2.5 for sucrose and 3.5 for maltose. From measurement of rates of glucose uptake into slices in the presence or absence of sucrose, it is calculated that glucose uptake will introduce errors of 3–9%, depending on the sucrose concentration, in estimates of free-space sucrose-hydrolase activity at pH 2.5. At their respective pH optima, maltose was hydrolysed at a rate 2.5 times that of sucrose. When frozen-thawed slices were used the same pH optima were obtained, but rates of hydrolysis were increased. Raffinose and melezitose also were hydrolysed with pH optima of 2.5 and 3.5, respectively. α-Methyl glucose was not hydrolysed. A 60-min HCl treatment (pH 2) of scutellum slices destroyed 69% of the sucrose-hydrolase activity and 100% of the maltose-hydrolase activity. In contrast, sucrose uptake and sucrose synthesis from exogenous fructose were not affected by HCl treatment. It is concluded that there are two hydrolases, acid invertase and maltase; that they are either on or outside the plasmalemma (in the free space); and that they are not necessary to the disaccharide uptake processes either by supplying exogenous hexose or by acting as transporters.