cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphologic and biochemical variability of tissue and cultured cells from human pheochromocytoma.

Primary cell cultures from 18 human pheochromocytomas were maintained in culture for 10 to 12 days and characterized. The cell yields ranged from 1.0 to 60.1 x lo6 cells/g wet weight of tissue. Cell size, as determined by histofluorescent microscopy, varied as much as seven-fold among cells derived from a given tumor and ten-fold between cells from all tumors. Cell catecholamine content, norepinephrine (NE) plus epinephrine, ranged from 0.4 to 89.5 nmoll lo6 cells at day 5 in culture and did not correlate with catecholamine content of the tissue from which the cells were obtained. Cell catecholamine content decreased with time in culture, but this decrease could not be related to a change in cell viability, the type of media used, an inability to convert dopamine to NE, or an alteration in the uptake of 3H-NE. Cellular uptake of 1.0 pM ’H-NE varied as much as 230-fold between all cell dispersions. The basal and acetylcholine stimulated release of both preloaded 3H-NE and the endogenous catecholamines was quite variable. There was no correlation between the release rate, either basal or stimulated, of preloaded 3H-NE and the endogenous catecholamines. This study represents the largest existing data base on culturing cells from these tumors and describes many of the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of this cell system.
A novel action of minocycline: Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in microglia

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of the brain produces a characteristic disease called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia in which productive infection and inflammatory activation of microglia and macrophages play a central role. In this report, the authors demonstrate that minocycline (MC), a second-generation tetracycline with proven safety and penetration to the central nervous system, potently inhibited viral production from microglia. Inhibition of viral release was sustained through the entire course of infection and even when the drug exposure was limited to the first day of infection. Minocycline was effective even at low viral doses, and against R5- and X4R5-HIV, as well as in single-cycle reporter virus assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis showed that minocycline inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in microglia. HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-promoter activity in U38 cells was also inhibited. These results, combined with recently demonstrated in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of MC on microglia, suggest a potential utility for MC as an effective adjunct therapy for AIDS dementia.
Development of electrically insulating coatings on vanadium alloys for lithium-cooled blankets*

The self-cooled lithium blanket concept with a vanadium structure offers a potential for high performance with attractive safety and environmental features. Based on blanket design studies, it became apparent that electrically insulating duct walls would be required to reduce the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pressure drop for liquid metal-cooled blankets for high magnetic field fusion devices. As a result, development of insulator coatings was recommended as the most appropriate approach for resolving this issue. Oxides such as CaO, Y 2 O 3 . BeO. MgO, MgAl 2 O 4 , and Y 3 Al 2 O 12 and nitrides such as A1N, BN and Si 3 N 2 were initially considered potential candidate coating materials. Based on results of scoping studies, CaO and A1N have been selected as primary candidates for further development. Progress on the development of CaO and A1N coatings, including in-situ formation and electrical properties measurements, are summarized in this paper.
Infant perseveration and implications for object permanence theories: A PDP model of the AB task

From the earliest ages at which infants search for hidden objects, they make the AB error, searching perseveratively at previous rather than current hiding locations (Piaget, 1954). This paper presents a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model that instantiates an explicit set of processing mechanisms to account for a large and diverse set of data on infants’ AB errors. The model demonstrates how basic processes–the formation of latent memory traces and their interaction with developing active memory traces–can provide a unifying framework for understanding why and when infants perseverate. Novel predictions from the model are discussed, together with its challenges for theories that posit a concept of object permanence in the first year of life.
Experimental determination of mode correction factors for thermal method spring constant calibration of AFM cantilevers using laser Doppler vibrometry

Mode correction factors (MCFs) represent a significant adjustment to the spring constant values measured using the thermal cantilever calibration method. Usually, the ideal factor of 0.971 for a tipless rectangular cantilever is used, which adjusts the value by 3% for the first flexural mode. An experimental method for determining MCFs has been developed that relies on measuring the areas under the first few resonance peaks for the flexural mode type. Using this method, it has been shown that MCFs for the first flexural mode of commercially available atomic force microscope cantilevers actually vary from 0.95 to 1.0, depending on the shape and end mass of the cantilever. Triangular shaped cantilevers tend to lower MCFs with tipless versions providing the lowest values. Added masses (including tips) tend to increase the first flexural mode's MCF to higher values with large colloid probes at the high extreme. Using this understanding and applying it to the recently developed laser Doppler vibrometry thermal calibration method it is now possible to achieve very accurate and precise cantilever spring constant calibrations (uncertainties close to ±1%) with commonly available commercial cantilevers such as tipped rectangular and triangular cantilevers, and colloid probes.
The terror/counterterror edge: when non-terror becomes a terrorism problem and real terror cannot be detected by counterterrorism

On the basis of cases such as the recent ban on the building of minarets in Switzerland or the prohibition on wearing a burka in France and the Netherlands, and the passage of terrorism legislation in various European countries in which there has never been a terrorism problem, as well as the recent history of counterterrorism in the United States, this paper examines how non-terror can become a terrorism problem and non-risk ideologically risky, while at the same time the real threats go undetected. The international prominence gained by Spanish Prime Minister Jose Maria Aznar when the George W. Bush administration declared a worldwide ‘War on Terror’ shows the political capital attached to terrorist risk. Countries may act as if afflicted by a case of ‘terrorism envy’ when non-risk may be perceived as political irrelevance. This paper argues that the dynamics of terrorism/counterterrorism should be seen in the cultural context of taboo while displaying the qualities of the Lacanian edge: a self-generati...
Solar heating of a fluid through a semi-transparent plate: Theory and experiment

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study of solar radiation passing through a thin semi-transparent slab to heat a fluid is presented. The system of differential equations describing the temperature of the slab and the fluid as a function of time is derived and solved; the theoretical curves generated by the solution for the fluid temperature are compared with experimental readings obtained using water as the fluid and acrylic plastic (methylmethacrylate) as the semi-transparent material. The theoretical solution assumes that the solid absorbs radiation according to Beer's law and that the fluid completely absorbs the transmitted radiation. The transient theoretical fluid temperature curves for heating oil through plastic and through an opaque (copper) plate are compared; a general criterion for steady-state has been derived, showing that, for the same parameters of solar intensity, convection coefficients, ambient temperature and container dimensions, the fluid temperatures attained by using semi-transparent materials are considerably higher than those obtained with opaque plates.
Experimental investigations of the time and flow-direction responses of shear-stress-sensitive liquid crystal coatings

Time and flow-direction responses of shearstress-sensitive liquid crystal coatings were explored experimentally. For the time-response experiments, coatings were exposed to transient, compressible flows created during the startup and off-design operation of an injector-driven supersonic wind tunnel. Flow transients were visualized with a focusing Schlieren system and recorded with a 1000 frame/sec color video camera. Liquid crystal responses to these changing-shear environments were then recorded with the same video system, documenting color-play response times equal to, or faster than, the time interval between sequential frames (i.e., 1 millisecond). For the flow-direction experiments, a planar test surface was exposed to equal-magnitude and known-direction surface shear stresses generated by both normal and tangential subsonic jet-impingement flows. Under shear, the sense of the angular displacement of the liquid crystal dispersed (reflected) spectrum was found to be a function of the instantaneous direction of the applied shear. This technique thus renders dynamic flow reversals or flow divergences visible over entire test surfaces at image recording rates up to 1 KHz. Extensions of the technique to visualize relatively small changes in surface shear stress direction appear feasible.
Comparative studies on immobilization of human prostatic acid phosphatase.

Abstract Acid phosphatase (othophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2) from the human prostate was immobilized by its protein moiety on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose, by carbohydrate moiety on Concanavalin-A-Sepharose, and by Schiff base formation with partially oxidized carbohydrate groups on ethylenediamine-Sepharose. The highest retention of enzyme activity, 80%, was found for the noncovalent immobilization on Concanavalin-A-Sepharose. It was demonstrated that the optimal pH changes for the Concanavalin-A-Sepharose and CNBr-Sepharose-enzyme complexes are electrostratic in character. In all cases of immobilization the enzyme has higher thermostability than that for the native enzyme under the same conditions. The effects of the enzyme stabilization were interpreted in terms of the multipoint interaction between the enzyme molecule and the carrier.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in geriatric critical care.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive disorder that increases age-adjusted mortality, decreases health-related quality of life, and presents considerable risks for unpredictable episodes of acute respiratory failure. Because of a long latent period from the onset of disease to the clinical expression of moderate to severe symptoms, elderly patients are disproportionately represented among those who require specialized care for COPD. Life-threatening acute exacerbations of the disease in elderly patients frequently present difficult therapeutic and ethical decisions regarding the implementation of life-sustaining care.
GENETIC DIASPORA: Producing Knowledge of Genes and Jews in Rural South Africa

After Lemba South Africans participated in genetic tests that aimed to demonstrate their ancient links to contemporary Jewish populations, American Jews began to visit the Lemba to connect with them on the basis of an assumed shared Judaism. Some Lemba people welcomed and endorsed these visits, but they also maintained their own ideas about the meaning of their “genetic Jewishness” and the terms of their new diasporic relationships, which often contradicted the understandings of visiting Jews. This article privileges the perspectives of Lemba South Africans, and the historical and ethnographic contexts through which Lemba genetic data emerged and circulated, to offer an alternative reading of the social and political significance of DNA. It poses the question: How do divergent genomic knowledges articulate with the politics of belonging and the pursuit of citizenship in South Africa and transnationally? I argue that DNA and diaspora converge to create new sites of political belonging, ones marked by precarious connections that balance on the production of knowledge and its refusal. I introduce the concept of genetic diaspora to theorize how these connections, marked by inequality, are tenuously forged through national, racial, and religious difference that is imagined to be the same. Genetic diaspora offers Lemba South Africans the possibility to produce and circulate their own new knowledge about Jewish history and genetic belonging. This article demonstrates that those implicated in genetic studies transform DNA into a resource that authorizes their own histories and politics of race and religion.
Effects of gradual expansion on arterial stenosis.

The blood flow through an arterial stenosis can theoretically be increased by gradual expansion of the stenosis. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the flow through abruptly expanding and gradually expanding stenosed plastic conduits. The conduits were tested in non-pulsatile flow with water and bank blood and in pulsatile flow in dog's descending aorta. It was found that: (a) The pressure drop in arterial stenoses is larger than that predicted by non-pulsatile theory. (b) Gradual expansion of stenosis in peripheral arteries will not increase the flow significantly. (c) Gradual expansion of intracardiac stenoses (valvular stenosis, shunts, prosthetic valves) may increase the blood flow markedly.
Flame studies of C2 hydrocarbons

Abstract The oxidation characteristics of C2 hydrocarbons were revisited in flames established in the counterflow configuration. Laminar flame speeds of ethane/air, ethylene/air, and acetylene/oxygen/nitrogen mixtures as well as extinction strain rates of non-premixed ethane/air flames were measured using digital particle image velocimetry. The experiments were modeled using three different kinetic models. While the experimental and computed laminar flame speeds agreed closely for all C2 hydrocarbons under fuel-lean conditions, notable discrepancies were identified under fuel-rich conditions. Using the computed flame structures, insight was provided into the controlling mechanisms that could be responsible for the observed discrepancies. More specifically, the uncertainties associated with the kinetics of the thermal decomposition of the ethyl radical were found to be a potential source of the observed discrepancies for ethane flames. It was shown also by using alternative rate constants for the ethyl radical decomposition, the rate of flame propagation and the extinction propensity are affected notably. Furthermore, the values of the branching ratio of acetylene consumption reactions involving atomic oxygen were found to have a significant effect on the propagation of rich acetylene flames.
Effects of infant temperament and early intervention on the psychiatric symptoms of adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate effects of infant temperament traits and early home-based intervention on psychiatric symptoms in adolescence. Method The sample comprised 100 children born in 1975–1976. The families of 54 children received family counseling during the first 5 years of the child's life (10 times/year); 46 children served as a control group for counseling. At age 6 months the infants' temperament traits were evaluated by the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire filled out by the mother. At age 14 to 15 years the psychiatric symptoms of the adolescents were assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. Results A fussy/demanding temperament in infancy was found to predict psychiatric symptoms in adolescence. A family counseling program during infancy protected subjects from developing psychiatric symptoms in adolescence. Conclusions It may be possible to improve the psychosocial prognosis of children at temperamental risk by home-based intervention focused on parent-child interaction. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1998, 37(10):1070–1076.
Preparative Separation of Proteins Using Centrifugal Precipitation Chromatography Based on Solubility in Ammonium Sulfate Solution

A preparative modification of the centrifugal precipitation chromatography (CPC) is described. The sample-loading capacity is improved in the present system by the use of convoluted tubing containing dialysis tubing instead of a dialysis membrane placed between a pair of disks equipped with mirror-imaged spiral grooves as in the original design. The system uses, basically, the same principle of as the original CPC, in that a concentration gradient of precipitant is generated under a centrifugal force field. The protein sample injected into the CPC column is exposed to an increasing concentration of the precipitant where it precipitates at various portions of the column according to its solubility. The gradient is then gradually lowered so that the sample undergoes dissolution and precipitation many times within the column; the proteins finally elute from the column according to their solubilities. A basic study was performed using this machine to separate human albumin and 3-globulin using ammonium sulfate (AS) as precipitant. Preliminary results indicate that this method can separate 500 mg of protein.
WE-E-BRE-01: An Image-Based Skeletal Dosimetry Model for the ICRP Reference Adult Female - Internal Electron Sources

Purpose: Limitations seen in previous skeletal dosimetry models, which are still employed in commonly used software today, include the lack of consideration of electron escape and cross-fire from cortical bone, the modeling of infinite spongiosa, the disregard of the effect of varying cellularity on active marrow self-irradiation, and the lack of use of the more recent ICRP definition of a 50 micron surrogate tissue region for the osteoprogenitor cells - shallow marrow. These limitations were addressed in the present dosimetry model. Methods: Electron transport was completed to determine specific absorbed fractions to active marrow and shallow marrow of the skeletal regions of the adult female. The bone macrostructure was obtained from the whole-body hybrid computational phantom of the UF series of reference phantoms, while the bone microstructure was derived from microCT images of skeletal region samples taken from a 45 year-old female cadaver. The target tissue regions were active marrow and shallow marrow. The source tissues were active marrow, inactive marrow, trabecular bone volume, trabecular bone surfaces, cortical bone volume and cortical bone surfaces. The marrow cellularity was varied from 10 to 100 percent for active marrow self-irradiation. A total of 33 discrete electron energies, ranging from 1 keV to 10 MeV, were either simulated or modeled analytically. Results: The method of combining macro- and microstructure absorbed fractions calculated using MCNPX electron transport was found to yield results similar to those determined with the PIRT model for the UF adult male in the Hough et al. study. Conclusion: The calculated skeletal averaged absorbed fractions for each source-target combination were found to follow similar trends of more recent dosimetry models (image-based models) and did not follow current models used in nuclear medicine dosimetry at high energies (due to that models use of an infinite expanse of trabecular spongiosa).
High Resolution Electromechanical Imaging of Ferroelectric Materials in a Liquid Environment by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy

High-resolution imaging of ferroelectric materials using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is demonstrated in an aqueous environment. The elimination of both long-range electrostatic forces and capillary interactions results in a localization of the ac field to the tip-surface junction and allows the tip-surface contact area to be controlled. This approach results in spatial resolutions approaching the limit of the intrinsic domain-wall width. Imaging at frequencies corresponding to high-order cantilever resonances minimizes the viscous damping and added mass effects on cantilever dynamics and allows sensitivities comparable to ambient conditions. PFM in liquids will provide novel opportunities for high-resolution studies of ferroelectric materials, imaging of soft polymer materials, and imaging of biological systems in physiological environments on, ultimately, the molecular level.
Transitions in a wicked environment.

Aim The aim of this review is to synthesize the current body of knowledge concerning transitional care for patients 65 years of age and older moving from the acute care setting to home. Background Transitional care is a timely topic as hospital days of care decrease whereas patient needs grow more complex as a result of aging populations. Evaluation This review considers evidence-based research as well as reports, case studies and literature reviews related to transitional care. International articles are included. Key issues The authors explore transitional care through the lens of wicked problems; problems that appear seemingly intractable and are characterized by inter-related dilemmas, contradictory agendas, and multi-layered societal, economic and political influences. Outcome measures of success, barriers to achieving successful transitional care and effectiveness of interventions are investigated. Conclusions While the literature offers specific strategies that positively affect transitional care, there are few strategies that do not negatively affect an alternate agenda. Conscientious leaders should consider transitional care in the context of its wicked nature in order to achieve optimal patient care. Implications Stakeholders include: hospital administrators, nurse leaders, direct-care nurses, acute care and primary care clinicians, patients, caregivers, community agencies, health sciences educators and insurers.
Infrared nonredundant mask imaging at Palomar

A program of high resolution infrared imaging at Palomar Observatory, is presented. The use of nonredundant masks both as an imaging technique and as a method of analyzing various aspects of the imaging system are investigated. In particular, the technique is applied to a bright star and binary system using a three-hole mask. The method is useful for understanding certain systematic biases in data, as well as in producing high quality images despite sparse UV coverage. The use of multi-r(o) apertures along with a large bandwidth does not significantly hamper image reconstruction, but provides significant extra coverage in the UV plane.
Racial disparity in meconium-stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome in the United States, 1989–2000

Abstract Objective To estimate the prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome, as well as the differences in case fatality from meconium aspiration syndrome, between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white infants. Methods We studied non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white live births with weights greater than 2.5 kg and gestational ages greater than 35 weeks, using the linked US birth and infant death cohorts for three periods: 1989–1991, 1995–1997, and 1998–2000. We used logistic regression to estimate the risks of meconium-stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome and to estimate the case fatality of meconium aspiration syndrome by maternal race, birth weight, period, and pregnancy complications. Results Risk of meconium-stained amniotic fluid was 80% higher in non-Hispanic blacks when compared with non-Hispanic whites (birth weight–adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80, 1.82). The prevalence of pregnancy complications did not explain this racial disparity. Risk of meconium aspiration syndrome in non-Hispanic blacks was 67% higher when compared with non-Hispanic whites (birth weight–adjusted OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.64, 1.70). The case fatality rate of meconium aspiration syndrome was similar between non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites in the three periods, with rates of 15.5, 15.2, and 11.2 per 1000 in non-Hispanic blacks and 13.5, 11.2, and 10.1 per 1000 in non-Hispanic whites in 1989–1991, 1995–1997, and 1998–2000, respectively. Conclusion Our results suggest that when compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks are at significantly greater risk for meconium-stained amniotic fluid and meconium aspiration syndrome but not for meconium aspiration syndrome case fatality.
Short-data-record filtering of PN-masked data

Pseudo-noise (PN) masking is regarded as an effective means to combat data eavesdropping (for example in military-grade communications or positioning systems). At the same time, PN-masked data transmissions are considered vulnerable to interference/jamming due to lack of practical interference suppression solutions. In this work, (i) we derive an efficient minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) optimal linear receiver of PN-masked data and (ii) develop an auxiliary-vector (AV) MMSE adaptive filter estimator with state-of-the-art small-sample-support estimation performance. Simulation studies included in this paper illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical developments.
Alexis Fontaine's integration of ordinary differential equations and the origins of the calculus of several variables

Summary Alexis Fontaine des Bertins (1704–1771) was the first French mathematician to make use of the calculus of several variables in the integration of ordinary differential equations (1738). In this paper I argue that this usage evolved from Fontaine's ‘fluxio-differential method’ of the early 1730s. In this way I extend the thesis enunciated in an earlier paper in this journal.
Using Novel Technology to Determine Mobility Among Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients: A Pilot Study.

Background: Patients with heart failure (HF) experience frequent rehospitalizations and poor functional capacity. Early hospital mobility may prevent functional decline, but mobility patterns among hospitalized HF patients are not yet known. Accelerometers may provide a method to monitor and measure patient mobility objectively. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe mobility and function using accelerometers among hospitalized HF patients. Methods : Wireless accelerometers were attached to the thigh and ankle of previously ambulatory hospitalized HF patients (n = 32) continuously for up to 5 days, beginning on the second day of hospitalization. The mean proportion of time spent lying, sitting, and standing or walking daily was measured. Ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and physical function was measured using the Katz Index and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Results: Patients’ mean age was 58.2 ± 13.6 and 78% (n = 25) were male. Mean New York Heart Association Class upon enrollment and at the end of the study period was 2.9 ± 0.8 and 2.2 ± 0.8 respectively. A mean Katz Index of 5.6 ± 1.1 upon enrollment demonstrated minimal dependence on assistance for completion of ADLs (possible scores 0 - 6). However, mobility testing revealed low physical function, with mean SPPB scores of 6.4 ± 3.1 (possible scores 0 - 12). During hospitalization, 70% of the measured hospital stay (16.8 hours/day) was spent lying in bed. The average time spent standing or walking was 4.1%, or 59 minutes per day and the range was 0-10% (0 - 150 minutes). Conclusions: Immobility was pervasive as HF patients spent almost all of their time sitting or lying in bed despite their baseline ambulatory status and improved NYHA class. Cardiol Res. 2013;4(1):15-25 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/cr244w
Effects of maturation, artery size, and chronic hypoxia on 5-HT receptor type in ovine cranial arteries

To test the hypothesis that variations in cerebrovascular reactivity to 5-HT among arteries of different size or type, during maturation, or during acclimatization to high altitude involve differen...
Demonstration of motionless Knudsen pump based micro-gas chromatography featuring micro-fabricated columns and on-column detectors.

This paper reports the investigation of a micro-gas chromatography (μGC) system that utilizes an array of miniaturized motionless Knudsen pumps (KPs) as well as microfabricated separation columns and optical detectors. A prototype system was built to achieve a flow rate of 1 mL min−1 and 0.26 mL min−1 for helium and dry air, respectively, when they were used as carrier gas. This system was then employed to evaluate GC performance compromises and demonstrate the ability to separate and detect gas mixtures containing analytes of different volatilities and polarities. Furthermore, the use of pressure programming of the KP array was demonstrated to significantly shorten the analysis time while maintaining a high detection resolution. Using this method, we obtained a high resolution detection of 5 alkanes of different volatilities within 5 min. Finally, we successfully detected gas mixtures of various polarities using a tandem-column μGC configuration by installing two on-column optical detectors to obtain complementary chromatograms.
Prevalence and correlates of quitline awareness and utilization in the United States: an update from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey.

Introduction: Tobacco quitlines are evidence-based cessation resources that have been underutilized. The purpose of this study is to provide population-level data about quitline awareness and utilization in the United States and to assess correlates of awareness and utilization. Methods: Data were from the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey. Descriptive statistics were produced for nationaland state-level quitline awareness and for national quitline utilization. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify correlates of quitline awareness and utilization. Results: Quitline awareness among the total sample was 33.9% (current smokers 53.9%, former smokers 34.0%, never-smokers 27.0%). Awareness varied by state (range: 35.8%-84.6% for current smokers). Among current smokers who tried to quit in the past year, correlates of lower awareness included being Black, non-Hispanic, and making <$50,000 annually; correlates of higher awareness included having seen a health professional, higher state tobacco program expenditures, and being female. Among smokers who made at least one quit attempt in the previous year and were aware of the quitline, quitline utilization was 7.8%. Higher state tobacco program expenditure, health professional advice, and being Black, non-Hispanic were correlated with higher utilization; older age was correlated with lower utilization. Awareness was significantly associated with use at the state level (r = .98, p < .01). Conclusion: Although the majority of smokers in the United States are aware of quitlines, only a small percentage of those trying to quit utilize them. State tobacco program expenditures and receipt of advice from a health professional were associated with both higher quitline awareness and higher utilization © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved.
Modeling of Layout Aware Line-Edge Roughness and Poly Optimization for Leakage Minimization

Line-edge roughness (LER) highly affects the device saturation current and leakage current, which leads to serious device performance degradation. In this paper, we propose the first layout-aware LER model where LER is highly related to the lithographic aerial image fidelity and neighboring geometric proximity. With our new LER model, we perform robust LER aware poly layout optimization to minimize the degradation of device performance, in particular leakage current. The results on 32-nm node standard cells show average 91.26% reduction of leakage current and 4.46% improvement of saturation current at the worst case process corner despite 8.86% area penalty.
Let's prevent peer victimization, not just bullying

This commentary argues that it is time to make bullying less of the central concept in efforts to combat peer victimization. Bullying has been a pivotal concept in the mobilization of effort in recent years to create safe environments for children. It has highlighted a phenomenon that seems to have universal resonance and is recognized internationally (Jimerson, Swearer, & Espelage, 2010). Prevalence for bullying has been measured in many countries, overall assessed as involving about 10% of the school aged population in its chronic form (Molcho et al., 2009). It is associated with serious outcomes (Klomeck et al., 2009) and is higher among abused children (Mohapatra et al., 2010). Public policy efforts are being made in many place to combat its occurrence and its effects (Howlett, 2011; Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, 2011; Salmivalli, Karna, & Poskiparta, 2011).
Genetic variation in NIN1 and C/VIF1 genes is significantly associated with Populus angustifolia resistance to a galling herbivore, Pemphigus betae

The identification of genes associated with ecologically important traits provides information on the potential genetic mechanisms underlying the responses of an organism to its natural environment. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of host plant resistance to the gall-inducing aphid, Pemphigus betae, in a natural population of 154 narrowleaf cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia). We surveyed genetic variation in two genes putatively involved in sink-source relations and a phenology gene that co-located in a previously identified quantitative trait locus for resistance to galling. Using a candidate gene approach, three major findings emerged. First, natural variation in tree resistance to galling was repeatable. Sampling of the same tree genotypes 20 years after the initial survey in 1986 show that 80% of the variation in resistance was due to genetic differences among individuals. Second, we identified significant associations at the single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype levels between the plant neutral invertase gene NIN1 and tree resistance. Invertases are a class of sucrose hydrolyzing enzymes and play an important role in plant responses to biotic stress, including the establishment of nutrient sinks. These associations with NIN1 were driven by a single nucleotide polymorphism (NIN1_664) located in the second intron of the gene and in an orthologous sequence to two known regulatory elements. Third, haplotypes from an inhibitor of invertase (C/VIF1) were significantly associated with tree resistance. The identification of genetic variation in these two genes provides a starting point to understand the possible genetic mechanisms that contribute to tree resistance to gall formation. We also build on previous work demonstrating that genetic differences in sink-source relationships of the host influence the ability of P. betae to manipulate the flow of nutrients and induce a nutrient sink.
Scalable Multi-cache Simulation Using GPUs

Software simulation is the primary tool used for evaluation of processor design. Simulation offers better accuracy than analytical models and is an important evaluation step before actually fabricating a chip. Unfortunately, simulator speeds are slow -- a conventional cycle-accurate simulator will be unable to keep up with increasing core counts in modern processor design. Parallel simulation is one method for improving simulation speeds. Two major areas of parallel simulation research are multithreaded simulators and FPGAs as simulation accelerators. Multithreaded simulators can only extract coarse-grained parallelism and must sacrifice accuracy in order to scale well. FPGA-based simulators can extract fine-grained parallelism, but are expensive and difficult to program. We propose using GPUs for architectural simulation, which can take advantage of a high degree of fine-grained parallelism. In addition, they are inexpensive and easier to program compared to FPGAs. To demonstrate our ideas, we implement a trace-driven many-cache simulator using NVIDIA's CUDA toolkit. GPU-accelerated cache simulation displays remarkable scaling with number of simulated caches when compared to serial CPU-only simulation.
Discrete polar motion equations

Summary. A digital filter equation is derived which is appropriate for pfedicting polar motion from excitation axis displacements, or for inferring the excitation axis changes from observed polar motion. The result differs from previously published equations in its phase response. Two additional equations are presented which are useful if samples of the excitation and polar motion functions are required to be at the same time values. This discussion is concerned with the problem of designing equations which may be used in the study of the Earth's polar motion. The objectives are to predict polar motion from time samples of variations in the excitation axis (equivalent to the principal axis when there is no motion relative to the Earth); or to estimate variations in the excitation axis from samples of the pole position. Let the motion of the pole be represented by M(t), a continuous complex function of time t, with real part denoting displacements along the Greenwich Meridian. and imaginary part displacements along 90" east longitude. Similarly, X(t) is a complex function describing the motion of the excitation axis. Finally, F, is Chandler's frequency of the free nutation (about 0.843 cycle yr-'), l/Q, is the dissipation factor (Q, is tlie quality factor) of the free nutation, and IT, = 2nFC(1 + i/2Q,) is a complex frequency which succinctly describes the Chandler frequency and damping. A differential equation describing the relationship between M(t) and X(t) is derived from Euler's rigid body equations with corrections to account for dissipation and for the lengthening of the free period due to the non-rigid nature of the Earth. Letting i = dz, the equation is:
Differential space-time modulation with full spatio-spectral diversity and arbitrary number of transmit antennas in ISI channels

We present a differential space-time-frequency (DSTF) modulation scheme for systems with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed DSTF scheme employs a concatenation of a specially designed spectral encoder and a differential encoder/mapper that yield the maximum spatio-spectral diversity advantage and significant coding gain. To reduce the decoding complexity, the differential encoder is designed with a unitary structure that decouples the maximum likelihood (ML) detection in space and time; meanwhile, the spectral encoder utilizes a new linear constellation decimation (LCD) coding scheme that encodes across minimally required subchannels and, as a result, has the least decoding complexity among all full-diversity codes. Numerical results show that the proposed DSTF scheme compares favorably with several existing differential space-time schemes for frequency-selective channels.
Effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene on basal and gonadotrophin-stimulated progesterone secretion by isolated subpopulations of small and large ovine luteal cells

We examined the effects of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene, alone and in combination with oestradiol, on basal and gonadotrophin-stimulated progesterone secretion by isolated subpopulations of both large (granulosa-lutein) and small (theca-lutein) ovine luteal cells. Isolated large and small luteal cells derived from intact, enucleated ovine corpora lutea were incubated for 48-120 h with or without 22R-hydroxycholesterol or pregnenolone (2.5 microM) and a range of enclomiphene, zuclomiphene, and/or oestradiol concentrations (3-100 microM), both with and without ovine luteinizing hormone (100 ng/ml). Spent media were assayed in duplicate for progesterone content by radioimmunoassay. Enclomiphene, zuclomiphene, and oestradiol exhibited equivalent dose-dependent inhibitory effects on basal and gonadotrophin-stimulated small and large ovine luteal cell progesterone secretion under all substrate conditions. Both cell types became more sensitive to clomiphene inhibition with increasing time in culture. In combined treatments, the effects of oestradiol and either enclomiphene or zuclomiphene became additive in longer-term cultures and were never antagonistic. In this model system, (i) clomiphene, like oestradiol, appears to inhibit 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, (ii) both stereoisomers act as oestrogen agonists, (iii) neither demonstrates any anti-oestrogenic properties, and (iv) both large and small luteal cells become more sensitive to clomiphene inhibition with increasing duration of exposure.
Introduction to Akasegawa Genpei's “The Objet after Stalin”

This introduction situates Akasegawa Genpei's text “The Objet after Stalin” and the events surrounding his reproduction of the 1,000-yen note in the art-historical and political context of Japan's postwar avant-gardes. It explores Akasegawa's conception of the objet both in terms of its lineage within the history of Surrealism and its reception in Japan and of Akasegawa's original theoretical claims concerning the political potential of artistic practice.
Ad hoc teamwork in variations of the pursuit domain

In multiagent team settings, the agents are often given a protocol for coordinating their actions. When such a protocol is not available, agents must engage in ad hoc teamwork to effectively cooperate with one another. A fully general ad hoc team agent needs to be capable of collaborating with a wide range of potential teammates on a varying set of joint tasks. This paper extends previous research in a new direction with the introduction of an efficient method for reasoning about the value of information. Then, we show how previous theoretical results can aid ad hoc agents in a set of testbed pursuit domains.
Putting physics back in control

In designing feedback controllers for complex nonlinear systems, the physical properties of the system plants are often overlooked. In this paper, we argue that scalar summarizing properties, such as energy conservation or entropy production, may often be used effectively in the design of controllers for multi-input nonlinear physical systems. For instance, the conservation of total mechanical energy allows one to show simply the stability of simple proportional-derivative position controllers for robot manipulators or attitude controllers for rigid spacecraft, and can also be systematically exploited to design adaptive tracking controllers for these systems. Similar approaches may be used in the design of controllers for complex chemical processes. The development points towards a more "hand-crafted", physically motivated approach to nonlinear control system design.
A UNIQUE FLOW-DUCT FACILITY TO MEASURE LINER PERFORMANCE IN COLD AND HEATED FLOWS

A unique flow-duct facility equipped with a sound source, liner box, flush-wall mounted microphones, traversable microphones and traversable pressure and temperature probes is built for measuring liner performance in cold and heated flows. A set of instrumentation boxes equipped with computer controlled traverses are designed and built that allow measurements ofMach nubmer, temperature, SPLs and phases in two planes upstream of a liner section and two planes downstream at a large number of measurement points. Each pair of planes provides acoustic pressure gradients for use in estimating the particle velocities. Specially-built microphone probes are employed to make measurements in the presence of flow. All measurements are made with the help of cross-correlation techniques to reject flow noise and/or other obtrusive noise, if any. The facility is designed for future use at temperatures as high as 1500° F. The flow-duct is equipped with a device to modify boundary layer flow on the smaller sides of the rectangular duct to simulate 2-D flow to facilitate validation of 2-D models in the presence of mean flow. Initial experimental results are presented.
Selection of Business Practices in the Midst of Evolving Complexity

ABSTRACTI admire leaders who, with little experience and training, create organizations that make major contributions in their industries, especially given that a great number of businesses fail. Some fail spectacularly, in headline-grabbing fashion, but most failed businesses implode quietly. In the United States alone, half of small businesses do not survive beyond 5 years; each year more than 1 million file for bankruptcy, and another 1.5 million-plus await bankruptcy resolution. For an organization to survive, the recurring and nonrecurring interlocking behavior of the organization members must ultimately adapt to the complex and dynamic demands of the organization’s external environments. Based on an understanding of behavioral dynamics, this article offers a perspective on how leaders can identify realistic improvements inside their organizations and orchestrate their implementation to better adapt to the requirements of the external environment.
“Feeling Tells Better Than Language”: Emotional Expression and Gender Hierarchy in the Sermons of Fethullah Gülen Hocaefendİ

Over the past two years, the televised sermons of Fethullah Hocaefendi have thrust him into the public limelight, lending his name celebrity status as a prominent religious-cum-political figure. His long standing influence as the leader of one of the most powerful Islamic communities in contemporary Turkey, Nur Cemaati , is now common public knowledge. Currently, this group owns one of the largest mass circulating newspapers ( Zaman ), a TV channel ( Samanyolu ) and a vast network of hundreds of educational institutions extending all the way from Turkey to Central Asia. The teachings of Fethullah Gulen Hoca are widely disseminated through books as well as cassette recordings of his sermons, readily available for sale on counters of commercial bookstores. For the “secularized” public however, Fethullah Hoca's renown extends beyond his religious-cum-political prominence. He is famous for the fact that he weeps ecstatically during his sermons, contrary to what is expected of a man in Turkey today.
Transboundary Survival Systems: A Profile of Vulnerability

The transboundary region is culturally diverse, with indigenous languages of Cushitic, Eastern Nilotic, and Omotic and Afroasiatic origin. Several ethnic groups—the Nyangatom, Turkana and Toposa—are members of the Karamojong Cluster of cultures and speak mutually intelligible languages. The Dasanech, on the other hand, are Cushitic in linguistic affiliation. At the core of the region’s indigenous economies are longstanding survival systems that are highly adapted to shifting environmental and social conditions, with ethnic groups linked through complex exchange networks. In recent decades, increasing dispossession and marginalization imposed by powerful external political and economic powers since colonial times have recently forced much of the region’s population—particularly the Dasanech and northern Turkana—to settle at the Omo River or Lake Turkana as a last option means of survival. Despite centuries of resilience from even the most difficult times, these groups have now been pushed into extreme dependency on these two major water bodies and they have greatly increased vulnerability, even to stresses once familiar to them. They are now vulnerable in the extreme to massive scale destruction of their survival systems, with region-wide hunger and new mortality caused by the Gibe III dam and dam enabled irrigated agriculture along the Omo.