cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advanced endometrial cancer with serous metastasis in a 17-year-old.

Abstract Background Endometrial cancers with a component of serous histology generally occur in postmenopausal women and can present with advanced disease even in the absence of a deeply myoinvasive primary malignancy. We present a case of stage IIIC endometrial cancer with serous histology in a 17-year-old. Case A 17-year-old presented with menorrhagia requiring blood transfusion and a transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated a 31 mm endometrial stripe within a bulky uterus. Endometrial curettage revealed a grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The patient desired definitive surgical management for her disease; a stage IIIC endometrial cancer with focal low-grade serous carcinoma among a grade 2 endometrioid carcinoma was noted to be superficially myoinvasive. Multiple pelvic lymph nodes had evidence of metastatic serous adenocarcinoma. Platinum-based chemotherapy was administered, and the patient is without disease 24 months following therapy. Conclusion Advanced endometrial cancer with metastasis of serous carcinoma to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes can occur, albeit extraordinarily rarely, in very young women. This information is critically important when counseling a woman regarding conservative management of endometrial adenocarcinoma with the interest of preservation of her fertility.
Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Blockade in Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction: Safety, Tolerability, and Therapeutic Potential

Rimonabant is the first selective blocker of the cannabinoid-1 receptor in development for the treatment of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk factors. (Recently, an FDA Advisory Committee recommended a delay in the approval of rimonabant because of safety issues that need to be addressed in further studies.) Although it is associated with favorable effects on weight, waist circumference, serum lipids, C-reactive protein, and an improvement in glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, there are concerns about side effects. Generally, rimonabant has been well tolerated, with a primary side effect of nausea. Other side effects seen in trials have been anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as neurologic events, albeit at low rates. When rimonabant becomes clinically available, physicians should be vigilant regarding the expected side effects and use alternative therapies if needed.
The Interactive Effects of Listwide Control, Item-Based Control, and Working Memory Capacity on Stroop Performance

Hypothesized top-down and bottom-up mechanisms of control within conflict-rich environments were examined by presenting participants with a Stroop task in which specific words were usually presented in either congruent or incongruent colors. Incongruent colors were either frequently (high contingency) or infrequently (low contingency) paired with the word. These items were embedded within lists consisting of either 100% congruent or 100% incongruent filler items to create mostly congruent or mostly incongruent lists. Results indicated a significant item-specific congruency effect, which was largest for high contingency responses and within mostly congruent lists. In addition, a significant listwide congruency effect was obtained, and this interacted with working memory capacity (WMC). There were larger listwide congruency effects for low WMC individuals. Finally, the pattern of Stroop interference across lists for low WMC individuals was dependent upon the congruency of the preceding trial. These results support multiple forms of cognitive control, as well as contingency learning, as mechanisms underlying proportion congruence effects in Stroop and other conflict tasks. These findings are interpreted within Braver, Gray, and Burgess's (2007) dual mechanisms of control theory.
Comparison of hadronic shower punchthrough and TeV muon dE/dx with calculation

Abstract We have measured the longitudinal particle punchthrough probability from shower cascades produced by hadrons incident on the iron-scintillator calorimeter of the CCFR neutrino detector and have compared them to a Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of the dE/dx energy loss iron of high energy cosmic ray muons (up to 1 TeV) incident on the same detector are presented and are compared against calculations.
Accurate measurements of oxygen saturation in neonates: Paired arterial and venous blood analyses

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of arterial oxygen saturation (Sa o 2 ) and venous oxygen saturation (Sv o 2 ) with paired arterial and venous (AV) blood in relation to pulse oximetry saturation (Sp o 2 ) and oxyhemoglobin (Hb o 2 ) with fetal hemoglobin determination, and their Hb o 2 dissociation curves. Method Twelve preterm neonates with gestational ages ranging from 27 to 34 weeks at birth, who had umbilical AV lines inserted, were investigated. Analyses were performed with 37 pairs of AV blood samples by using a blood volume safety protocol. Results The mean differences between Sa o 2 and Sv o 2 , and AV Hb o 2 were both 6 percent (±6.9 and ±6.7 percent, respectively), with higher Sv o 2 than those reported for adults. Biases were 2.1 ± 0.49 for Sa o 2 , 2.0 ± 0.44 for Sv o 2 , and 3.1 ± 0.45 for Sp o 2 , compared against Hb o 2 . With left-shifted Hb o 2 dissociation curves in neonates, for the critical values of oxygen tension values between 50 and 75 millimeters of mercury, Hb o 2 ranged from 92 to 93.4 percent; Sa o 2 ranged from 94.5 to 95.7 percent; and Sp o 2 ranged from 93.7 to 96.3 percent (compared to 85–94 percent in healthy adults). Conclusions In neonates, both left-shifted Hb o 2 dissociation curve and lower AV differences of oxygen saturation measurements indicated low flow of oxygen to the body tissues. These findings demonstrate the importance of accurate assessment of oxygenation statues in neonates.
The C-terminal tripeptide of glycosomal phosphoglycerate kinase is both necessary and sufficient for import into the glycosomes of Trypanosoma brucei

Glycosomal phosphoglycerate kinase (gPGK) of Trypanosoma brucei differs from the cytoplasmic isozyme (cPGK) in its higher isoelectric point characterized by clusters of positive charges along the polypeptide chain, and a 20 amino acid C-terminal extension ending in serine-serine-leucine (SSL). While a C-terminal SSL tripeptide is apparently not capable of directing luciferase to the peroxisomes in mammalian cells [J. Cell Biol. 108 (1989), 1657-1664], we show here that it is sufficient for the import of luciferase as well as an unrelated protein, β-glucuronidase, into the glycosomes of T. brucei, as determined by immunoelectron microscopy. The analysis of luciferase-gPGK fusion proteins indicates that the only targeting signal for import of gPGK into the glycosome resides in this C-terminal SSL sequence.
Collective intersubband excitations in a magnetic field

Abstract Inelastic light scattering from modulation doped GaAs/Al x Ga 1−x As quantum wells has been used to study collective intersubband excitations in magnetic fields. With the magnetic field tilted with respect to the sample normal, there is coupling between the perpendicular and parallel motions such that combined intersubband-cyclotron resonance transitions are observed. In this geometry we observe anticrossing behavior between the combined resonances and the collective charge- and spin-density excitations. Comparison with theory yields excellent agreement.
Strategies for managing uncertainties imposed by environmental impact assessment analysis of a Kenyan river development authority

Abstract Since conducting its first environmental impact assessment (EIA) in 1976, the Tana and Athi Rivers Development Authority (TARDA) in Kenya has gained much experience in minimizing the effect of EIA on its decision making. Four case study water resources development projects demonstrate both why TARDA conducts assessments and how it manages the threats EIA poses to its autonomy. In two cases, TARDA initiated EIAs on its own, and the assessment process legitimated TARDA's activities and previously held positions. In two other cases, EIAs were conducted at the insistence of foreign donors as a condition for project support. These two cases demonstrate TARDA's use of compromise, secrecy, and resource substitution as strategies to minimize the influence of EIA on its decisions. All four case studies show the inability of Kenya's National Environment Secretariat to have TARDA comply with national EIA requirements promoted by the Secretariat.
High Series Terms in the Arc Spectrum of Mercury

The spectrum of luminous mercury vapor drawn into a low pressure chamber was found to have the series lines developed to high members. Wave-length measurements of these higher members in the singlet and triplet diffuse and sharp series were made. The $^{3}S_{1}$ terms developed to $m=20$ show that this series follows a Ritz formula accurately. The $^{1}S_{0}$ series and especially the $^{1\mathrm{and}3}D$ series also follow a Ritz formula with definite indications of slight perturbations near the end of the series.
Improved gas exchange and survival after KL-4 surfactant in newborn pigs with severe acute lung injury.

Objective To determine the effectiveness of artificial surfactant therapy using KL-4 surfactant in newborn pigs with hydrochloric acid (HCl)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Design After induction of ALI via intratracheal HCl instillation, pigs were randomized to receive 5.8 ml/kg KL-4 surfactant or no surfactant prior to extubation to bubble CPAP. Setting Clinical laboratory. Subjects Spontaneously breathing newborn pigs (<1 week of age). Interventions Treatment with KL-4 surfactant on bubble CPAP with PEEP of 6 cmH2O for 3.5 hr after extubation compared with controls. Measurements Physiologic parameters and arterial blood gases were measured every 15 min. At the conclusion of the study, the lungs were excised for the analysis of histopathology and morphometric data. Main Results Pigs treated with KL-4 surfactant had arterial blood gases with less acidosis (P < 0.001), higher PaO2 levels (P < 0.001), and lower PaCO2 levels (P < 0.001). Pigs treated with KL-4 surfactant had improved survival compared with controls (6/12 KL-4, 2/12 control, P < 0.05). Postmortem morphometric data demonstrated that pigs treated with KL-4 surfactant had larger (P < 0.05) exchange units in the caudal-dorsal lung as compared to relatively atelectatic region in the control animals. Conclusions In newborn pigs with severe HCl-induced ALI, treatment with KL-4 surfactant resulted in improved respiratory parameters, less dependent atelectasis, and improved short-term survival. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 2010; 45:782–788. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Secured Lending and Default Risk: Equilibrium Analysis, Policy Implications and Empirical Results

The authors examine collateral in a competitive equilibrium in which borrowers can choose hidden actions and may additionally possess hidden knowledge. Apart from explaining the widespread use of collateral despite deadweight costs, they show that an increase in the riskless interest rate causes equilibrium loan rates and collateral requirements to increase, a decline in the deadweight costs of collateral reduces the equilibrium collateral use under moral hazard, and an increase in the borrower's project size reduces equilibrium collateral use under moral hazard. Some of these predictions are tested and found to be supported by the data. Copyright 1991 by Royal Economic Society.
Measurement of ocean temperature and salinity via microwave radiometry

Sea-surface temperature with an accuracy of 1 °C and salinity with an accuracy of 1‰ were measured with a 1.43 and 2.65 GHz radiometer system after correcting for the influence of cosmic radiation, intervening atmosphere, sea-surface roughness, and antenna beamwidth. The radiometers are a third-generation system using null-balancing and feed-back noise injection. Flight measurements from aircraft over bay regions and coastal areas of the Atlantic resulted in contour maps with spatial resolution of 0.5 km.
Perceptions of Socially Responsible Activities and Attitudes: A Comparison of Business School Deans and Corporate Chief Executives

The article discusses a study which compared the attitudes of executives and business school deans in relation to corporate social responsibility. The study sought to determine whether or not busin...
A-Kinase Anchoring Proteins Getting to the Heart of the Matter

The heart is a sophisticated organ that continuously pumps blood to ensure that oxygen and nutrients reach the brain, other organs, and peripheral tissue. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, where oxygen is taken up and carbon dioxide is removed. The left side of the heart then pumps blood to the rest of the body, where oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues. This cycle is sustained by the repeated contraction of cardiomyocytes, specialized muscle cells that are designed to contract and respond rapidly to physiological stimuli. Normally, contraction of atrial and ventricular myocytes is activated by action potentials that originate in the sinoatrial node in the wall of the right atrium, often referred to as the pacemaker of the heart. Coupling of this electric signal to contraction (EC coupling) in cardiac myocytes is initiated with Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels, which activates intracellular Ca2+ release via ryanodine receptors located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and thus induces a global increase in [Ca2+]i that triggers contraction.1,2 The rate at which the sinoatrial node myocytes fire action potentials is modulated by 2 opposing nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system uses the catecholamine hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline to increase the force and rate of atrial and ventricular contraction. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to reduce action potentials from the sinoatrial node. Together, these neural systems ensure that cardiac output is matched to the physiological needs of the organism, a process that is often termed “stimulus-response coupling.” Although numerous signal-transduction cascades are operational in cardiomyocytes, G-protein–coupled receptor–signaling pathways play a prominent role. Agonists such as noradrenaline, adrenaline, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1 promote the interaction of their respective receptors with a G-protein heterotrimer comprising α-, β-, …
Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Detection and Prevention of Hypoglycemia

Intensive diabetes therapy is complicated by an increased rate of hypoglycemia and the development of hypoglycemia unawareness. This presentation focuses on the potential role of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in preventing hypoglycemia, and in overcoming this barrier to the implementation of intensive therapy. Issues to be discussed include the differences between capillary blood and interstitial glucose levels, the impact of lag times on sensor calibration and accuracy, and the importance of patient education in minimizing the risk for hypoglycemia from uncontrolled postprandial bolusing.
Russian Visual Arts Resources in the Library of Congress's Music Division

This article highlights some of the Russian visual works held within the Library of Congress's Music Division. Discussed specifically are original works of art in the Division's general collections, including music material acquired from imperial Russian libraries, as well as holdings of its archival collections, primarily those of artists associated with the Ballets Russes and of Russian emigre musicians.
Six-moment representation of multiple aerosol populations in a sub-hemispheric chemical transformation model

This letter describes the first application of the Quadrature Method of Moments (QMOM) [McGraw, 1997] in a 3-D chemical transformation and transport model. The QMOM simultaneously tracks an arbitrary (even) number of moments of a particle size distribution directly in space and time without the need for explicitly representing the distribution itself. The host 3-D model, the Global Chemistry Model driven by Observation-derived meteorological data (GChM-O), has been previously described [Benkovitz et al., 1994]. The present implementation evolves the six lowest-order radial moments for each of several externally-mixed aerosol populations. From these moments we report modeled geographic distributions of several aerosol properties, including a shortwave radiative forcing obtained using the Multiple Isomomental Distribution Aerosol Surrogate (MIDAS) technique [Wright, 2000]. These results demonstrate the capabilities of these moment-based techniques to simultaneously represent aerosol nucleation, condensation, coagulation, dry deposition, wet removal, cloud activation, and transport processes in a large scale model, and to yield aerosol optical properties and radiative influence from the modeled aerosol.
Eigenfunctions at a Singular Point in Transversely Isotropic Materials Under Axisymmetric Deformations

Abstract : When a two-dimensional elastic body which contains a notch or a crack is under a plane stress or plane strain deformation, the asymptotic solution of the stress near the apex of the notch or crack is simply a series of eigenfunctions of the form rho delta f(psi, delta) in which (rho, psi) is the polar coordinate with origin at the apex and delta is the eigenvalue. If the body is a three-dimensional elastic solid which contains axisymmetric notches or cracks and subjects to an axisymmetric deformation, the eigenfunction associated with an eigenvalue contains not only the rho delta term, but also the rho delta + 1, rho delta + 2 terms. Therefore, the second and higher order terms of the asymptotic solution are not simply the second and subsequent eigenfunctions. The authors present the eigenfunctions for transversely isotropic materials under an axisymmetric deformation. The degenerate case in which the eigenvalues p sub 1 and p sub 2 of the elasticity constants are identical is also considered. The latter includes the isotropic materials under axisymmetric deformations.
AC-link, single-phase, photovoltaic Module Integrated Inverter

This paper discusses a new PV-Module Integrated Inverter (PVMII) topology that is ideally suited for use in single-phase grid-connected PV application. The proposed MII is based on bipolar, AC-link principle, so there are no electrolytic capacitors, and a new power decoupling approach, which can use the minimum value of decoupling capacitance. Hence, a very small, highly reliable film capacitor is cost-effectively used, which also improves dramatically the reliability compared to dc-link topologies with electrolytic capacitors. Further, the proposed MII allows bidirectional power flow; a beneficial feature for advanced grid-support features such as local energy storage and reactive power compensation.
Comparing Sexual Minority Cancer Survivors Recruited Through a Cancer Registry to Convenience Methods of Recruitment

Abstract Purpose Sexual minority women, defined as having a lesbian or bisexual identity or reporting a preference for a female partner, are not considered by cancer surveillance. This study assesses the representativeness of sexual minority breast cancer survivors, defined as having a lesbian or bisexual identity or reporting a preference for a female partner, who were recruited into a convenience sample compared with a population-based registry sample of sexual minority breast cancer survivors. Methods Long-term survivors of non-metastatic breast cancer who self-reported as sexual minority were recruited from a cancer registry and subsequently from the community using convenience recruitment methods. Sexual minority breast cancer survivors who screened eligible participated in a telephone survey about their quality of life and factors associated therewith. Results Participants in the convenience sample were similar to the registry-based sample with respect to adjustment to cancer, physical health, trust in physician, coping, social support, and sexual minority experiences. Compared with the convenience sample, breast cancer survivors in the registry sample were more likely married, more educated, diagnosed more recently, at an earlier stage of cancer, and more likely treated with breast-conserving surgery; they differed on adjuvant therapies. Discussion Because sexual minority breast cancer survivors who volunteered for the community-based sample shared most characteristics of the sample recruited from the cancer registry, we concluded that the community sample had comparable representational quality. In the absence of cancer surveillance of sexual minorities, thoughtful convenience recruitment methods provide good representational quality convenience samples.
BLOWOUT FRACTURES OF THE ORBIT.

Summary Blowout fractures are a very common entity. They can be readily diagnosed and successfully treated. Complete understanding of the pathologic anatomy of the orbito-antral partition, coupled with diagnostic familiarity and surgical facility on either side of this partition, will lead to correct therapy. Alertness to the possibility of concomitant blowout fracture accompanying other facial fractures can avert the tragedy of persistent vertical diplopia and/or secondary enophthalmos with pseudoptosis. The earlier the surgery is performed the easier it is to accomplish successful anatomical reductions and to ensure the uniformly excellent results that should be obtained.
Oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor–α–induced alterations in metaphase II mouse oocyte spindle structure

Objective(s) To examine the effect of exogenous exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on mouse metaphase II (MII) oocyte spindle structure and to examine the potential benefits of supplementing the culture media with vitamin C. Design Prospective study. Setting Research laboratory in a tertiary hospital. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Microtubule changes and alterations in chromosomal alignment. Result(s) Both concentration- and time-dependent alterations were seen in spindle structure after exposure to H 2 O 2 . An H 2 O 2 concentration as low as 12.5 μM increased the odds of an oocyte with altered microtubule and chromosome alignment (score ≥3) by 93%. Significantly increased damage was seen with increasing period of incubation. Higher scores were seen after exposure to both TNF-α alone and in combination with H 2 O 2 compared with controls. Changes in chromosomal alignment were comparable among the three groups. Oocytes coincubated with H 2 O 2 and vitamin C at 200 μM demonstrated less damage compared with those with H 2 O 2 alone. Conclusion(s) Oxidative stress results in concentration and time-dependent alterations in the spindle structure and augments the effects induced by TNF-α. Proper oocyte handling in vitro may help reduce oxidative insult, thus improving the oocyte quality. Antioxidants may have a protective effect and need to be further evaluated.
Purification and biochemical characterization of the E1 replication initiation protein of the cutaneous human papillomavirus type 1

The E1 and E2 proteins encoded by papillomaviruses are required for viral DNA replication. Although E1 is the replication initiator protein, previous studies have shown that the full-length E1 protein binds to the origin weakly and with low sequence specificity. The E2 protein facilitates binding of the E1 protein to the origin, triggering the initiation of replication. The E1 protein contains ATPase, helicase and DNA unwinding activities. In vivo studies with mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) types 11 and 18 have shown that while E1 is absolutely essential for replication, the E1 binding site is dispensable. However, both the E2 protein and E2 binding sites are required for their replication. In contrast to these HPVs, transient replication of HPV type 1, which infects cutaneous tissue, requires only the viral E1 protein and E1 binding site. To understand the basis for these differences, we have overexpressed and purified the HPV-1 E1 and E2 proteins and studied their biochemical properties. The purified E1 protein was shown to have an ATPase activity with a very low K m value, similar to that of the SV40 large T antigen. The E1 protein bound to the HPV-1 origin in the absence of the E2 protein and without the use of any cross-linking agents. Our results suggest that the ability of the HPV-1 E1 protein to initiate DNA replication in vivo in the absence of the E2 protein may be due to its stable interaction with the HPV-1 origin.
Bilateral Femoral Osteolytic Lesions in a Patient with Type 3 Gaucher Disease.

Type 3 Gaucher disease (GD) manifests with hematologic, neurological and skeletal involvement including Erlenmeyer flask bone deformities, osteopenia, painful bone crises and fractures. We describe bilateral symmetric osteolytic lesions in a 23 year old with type 3 GD, chronically treated with enzyme replacement therapy. These atypical bone findings, previously reported in two similar patients with type 3 GD, expand our understanding of the evolving natural history of GD in the post-treatment era.
Frame diagonalization of matrices

Abstract This paper introduces a concept of diagonalization that uses not a basis of eigenvectors, but a frame. A frame is a generalization of a basis which is used in a number of signal and image processing applications. We first investigate the properties of frame diagonalization, drawing parallels with those of basis diagonalization. We then describe several methods of constructing frames for frame diagonalization. In particular, we prove the existence of a universal diagonalizer for each n ∈ N that simultaneously diagonalizes all matrices in M n ( C ) , and create a method of frame diagonalization that works for any matrix in M n ( C ) , uses at most ⌊ 3 n / 2 ⌋ frame vectors and retains information about the eigenvalues of the matrix.
Learning using privileged information (LUPI) for modeling survival data

Survival data is common in medical applications. The challenge in applying predictive data-analytic methods to survival data is in the treatment of censored observations, since the survival times for these observations are unknown. This paper presents formalization of the analysis of survival data as a binary classification problem. For this binary classification setting, we propose a strategy for encoding censored data, leading to the SVM+/LUPI formulations. Further, we present empirical comparison of the new method and the classical Cox modeling approach for predictive modeling of survival data. These comparisons suggest that for data sets with large amount of censored data, the proposed method consistently yields better predictive performance than classical statistical modeling.
Worldwide Versus Territorial Tax Systems: Comparison of Value Added Tax and Income Tax

The following paper was presented at a conference on Value Added Tax and Direct Taxation – Similarities and Differences: International Network for Tax Research (INTR) Conference, March 26-28, 2009, Organized by the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law, WU Vienna and the Institute for VAT Research at Stockholm University, and was published by the IBFD.In designing an income tax or a VAT, a country generally must decide how broadly, geographically, it wants to assert its tax authority. The country may choose to impose its income tax or VAT under a worldwide or territorial principle. There are many countries with worldwide and territorial income taxes. There are many countries that impose territorial VAT systems, but relatively few impose a worldwide VAT system. To date, the literature fails to recognize some existing VAT systems as worldwide systems. In this paper, I suggest that at least the New Zealand and South Africa VATs can be analyzed as worldwide VAT systems. I compare these systems with the commonly used territorial VATs. This paper also raises the question of whether differences in the design of a VAT as a territorial or worldwide VAT represent only differences in form or differences in substance.
Factors affecting number of lymph nodes harvested in colorectal cancer.

Background Lymph node involvement is a highly important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer staging. Examination of a minimum of 12 nodes is recommended for accurate staging. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the number of lymph nodes harvested in colorectal cancer specimens. Materials and Methods Retrospective review of all patients undergoing colectomy for colorectal cancer at our VA hospital from 2002 to 2007 was done. Statistical analysis was done using univariate as well as multivariate analysis. One hundred eighty-three patients were analyzed. Results Average number of nodes retrieved was 14.9 with 92 (51%) containing fewer than 12 lymph nodes. Median number of nodes was 11. The only two factors found to have an effect on nodes harvested were pathologist P Conclusions Operating surgeon and examining pathologist were the only factors found to have a significant impact on number of nodes harvested. Meticulous dissection both in and outside of the operating room are indicated.
Adjoint Model to Quantify Stream Depletion Due to Pumping in Coupled Groundwater/Surface Water Systems

With growing populations and increased demand for water, it is necessary to ensure that increased pumping of aquifers does not reduce flows in rivers to levels that would limit the availability of water for drinking water supply, irrigation, and riparian habitat. Analytical solutions and numerical simulations have been used to quantify stream depletion, which is the change in stream flow due to pumping. Typically, in these approaches, the location of the pumping well is assumed to be known; thus they can be inefficient as a tool for siting new well locations. In this work, we develop a coupled surface water and groundwater adjoint model that can be used to quantify stream depletion due to pumping. With a single simulation of this coupled adjoint model, we obtain stream depletion quantities for a well at any location in the aquifer. This method can be used to identify feasible locations for new wells that limit stream depletion to acceptable levels.
Analysis of array CGH data for cancer studies using fused quantile regression

Motivation: The identification of DNA copy number changes provides insights that may advance our understanding of initiation and progression of cancer. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) has emerged as a technique allowing high-throughput genome-wide scanning for chromosomal aberrations. A number of statistical methods have been proposed for the analysis of array-CGH data. In this article, we consider a fused quantile regression model based on three motivations: (1) quantile regression may provide a more comprehensive picture for the ratio profile of copy numbers than the standard mean regression approach; (2) for simplicity, most available methods assume uniform spacing between neighboring clones, while incorporating the information of physical locations of clones may be helpful and (3) most current methods have a set of tuning parameters that must be carefully tuned, which introduces complexity to the implementation. Results: We formulate the detection of regions of gains and losses in a fused regularized quantile regression framework, incorporating physical locations of clones. We derive an efficient algorithm that computes the entire solution path for the resulting optimization problem, and we propose a simple estimate for the complexity of the fitted model, which leads to convenient selection of the tuning parameter. Three published array-CGH datasets are used to demonstrate our approach. Availability: R code are available at http://www.stat.lsa.umich.edu/~jizhu/code/cgh/ Contact: jizhu@umich.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Personal Pronoun Usage in Families of Schizophrenics And Social Space Utilization

Personal pronoun usage of individuals in interaction is proposed as an index of the social functioning of both the individuals and the groups. The interaction of schizophrenic young adults, male and female, with their mothers and fathers, is compared with that of normal young adults with their parents in these terms. Previous findings regarding disproportionate use of the first person singular by schizophrenics are confirmed, and it would appear that this behavior is not learned tom their parents who are low in usage of these pronouns. Findings of other studies regarding male-female differences in schizophrenics and coalition patterns and social control mechanisms in their family interactions are also suggested by the data.
Automatic design of parallel implementations of DSP algorithms

An integrated system is presented combining a rule-based symbolic code simplification system and a fine-grain code scheduler for a multiprocessor based on a ring/mesh of commercial single-chip digital signal processing (DSP) processors. The code simplification component uses a priori information to direct the application of symbolic simplification rules to local or global code segments of the original program. The code generation includes graph parsing, optional blocking, and code scheduling with partial backtracking. Resource allocation is incorporated with operation scheduling to increase the total performance of the practical system. The integrated system can implement many DSP algorithms, generating very efficient code for a variety of DSP processor configurations. >
Simulation of synthetic gecko arrays shearing on rough surfaces.

To better understand the role of surface roughness and tip geometry in the adhesion of gecko synthetic adhesives, a model is developed that attempts to uncover the relationship between surface feature size and the adhesive terminal feature shape. This model is the first to predict the adhesive behaviour of a plurality of hairs acting in shear on simulated rough surfaces using analytically derived contact models. The models showed that the nanoscale geometry of the tip shape alters the macroscale adhesion of the array of fibres by nearly an order of magnitude, and that on sinusoidal surfaces with amplitudes much larger than the nanoscale features, spatula-shaped features can increase adhesive forces by 2.5 times on smooth surfaces and 10 times on rough surfaces. Interestingly, the summation of the fibres acting in concert shows behaviour much more complex that what could be predicted with the pull-off model of a single fibre. Both the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts and Kendall peel models can explain the experimentally observed frictional adhesion effect previously described in the literature. Similar to experimental results recently reported on the macroscale features of the gecko adhesive system, adhesion drops dramatically when surface roughness exceeds the size and spacing of the adhesive fibrillar features.
The fidelity of formative assessment implementation: issues of breadth and quality

The paper examines the breadth and quality of formative assessment implementation of 202 mathematics and science teachers who participated in a two-year, school-based professional development progr...
The α2C-adrenergic receptor mediates hyperactivity of coloboma mice, a model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Abstract Drugs that modify noradrenergic transmission such as atomoxetine and clonidine are increasingly prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the therapeutic targets of these compounds are unknown. Norepinephrine is also implicated in the hyperactivity exhibited by coloboma mice. To identify the receptor subtypes that regulate the hyperactivity, coloboma mice were systematically challenged with adrenergic drugs. The β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol and the α 1 -adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin each had little effect on the hyperactivity. Conversely, the α 2 -adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine reduced the activity of coloboma mice but not control mice. Subtype-selective blockade of α 2C -, but not α 2A - or α 2B -adrenergic receptors, ameliorated hyperactivity of coloboma mice without affecting activity of control mice, suggesting that α 2C -adrenergic receptors mediate the hyperactivity. Localized in the basal ganglia, α 2C -adrenergic receptors are in a prime position to impact locomotor activity and are, therefore, potential targets of pharmacotherapy for ADHD.
Fratricide in a Person with Intellectual Disabilities.

Fratricide is an area within forensic psychology that has received little attention. Even less attention has been given to fratricide with persons with Intellectual Disabilities. There are very few studies that have identified risk factors and essential dynamics. Even less attention is given to a typology of fratricide. This case study highlights the possibility of a third category and an integrated category, and also proposes another set of intergenerational dynamics occurring within an adult person with Intellectual Disabilities.
(2S*,3S*,4R*,5R*)-3,4,5-Trihydr­oxy-6-(hydroxy­meth­yl)-3,4,5,6-tetra­hydro-2H-pyran-2-yl benzoate

The title compound, C13H16O7, was extracted from fresh cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon). In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked into a two-dimensional framework via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
RF sensors & spectrum allocation

This paper reviews important aspects of waveform diversity development, and discusses how waveform diversity, distributed processing, spatial diversity, and knowledge-based processing can be integrated for optimum surveillance system performance. A next-generation surveillance concept is proposed, which is composed of a distributed constellation of autonomous sensors. This presentation was previously presented at the 2008 NATO Lecture Series on Waveform Diversity (SET119) [1].
Computing large polynomial products using modular arithmetic

The polynomial residue number system (PRNS) has been proven to be a system in which totally parallel polynomial multiplication can be achieved, provided that arithmetic takes place in some carefully chosen ring. However, such a system has a major limitation: the size of the ring used is proportional to the size of the polynomials to be multiplied. As a result, in order to multiply large polynomials in a fixed size ring, one must involve 2-D PRNS techniques. Such 2-D PRNS techniques are summarized. >
Measuring Pension Liabilities: An Examination Of The Funding Levels Of Defined Benefit Pension Plans

We examine pension funding measures and interest rate disclosures for 223 firms from the Fortune 500. Three different liability measures are used to develop funding ratios, which indicate sample firms funding condition. We then examine firms discount rate estimates and compare these estimates with their funding levels. Using chi-square tests to examine dependence between rates and funding, we determine whether over (under) funding is simply an artifact of the choice of discount rates or the result of authentic economic conditions surrounding the pension plan.
Pathogenicity and Transmission of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Isolated from Endangered Prairie Chickens

Abstract The pathogenicity and transmission of a field isolate of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was studied using an experimental model in Japanese quail. Oncogenicity was also evaluated after inoculations in chickens and turkeys. The original REV (designated APC-566) was isolated from Attwater's prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), an endangered wild avian species of the southern United States. The transmissibility of the REV isolate was studied in young naive Japanese quail in contact with experimentally infected quail. Vertical transmission was not detected by virus isolation and indirect immunofluorescence. Seroconversion was detected in few contact quails, suggesting horizontal transmission. The APC-566 isolate induced tumors beginning at 6 wk of age in quails infected as embryos. Most of the tumors detected in Japanese quail were lymphosarcomas, and 81% of these neoplasias contained CD3+ cells by immunoperoxidase. REV APC-566 was also oncogenic in chickens and turkeys infected at 1 d...
Regional habitat selection of large gliding possums at forest stand and landscape scales in southern Queensland, Australia: II. Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis)

Habitat selection of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) was investigated throughout the forests and woodlands of the southern Queensland region. Forest stand- and landscape-scale habitat variables were recorded or derived for 506 sites that were systematically located in the region using a random stratified survey design. Using an information-theoretic model selection approach, logistic regression models predicting the occupancy of gliders at the stand- and landscape-scales were developed and compared. The model receiving strongest support included both stand- and landscape-scale explanatory variables. At the stand scale, yellow-bellied gliders were selective with regard to the floristic characteristics of the overstorey, with increased probability of occupancy in dry, mixed eucalypt open forest as compared with non-eucalypt dominant forests or eucalypt woodland structural formations. The probability of glider occupancy increased with basal area of grey gum species Eucalyptus longirostrata or E. biturbinata, species known to be important for sap feeding by gliders in southern Queensland. The occurrence of the yellow-bellied glider was predicted to decrease with increased logging intensity, and also in habitat patches with increased edge relative to area, a landscape-scale variable. The species was also predicted to decrease with another landscape-scale variable, increased habitat clearing within a 1-km radius, although this variable was revealed as an unreliable predictor using odds ratio. The implementation of an intensive, once-only, timber-harvesting regime involving the removal of trees >40 cm diameter in 8% of potential yellow-bellied glider habitat in the region is likely to greatly reduce habitat suitability, unless a landscape-scale management approach is instigated. The introduction of the regime in a further 15% of potential glider habitat is currently being debated. Off-reserve management of yellow-bellied glider habitat will be essential, and the development, introduction and implementation of sustainable timber harvesting guidelines for private timber growers needs to be supported.
Sulfur and nitrogen metabolism in the bovine fed different forms of supplemental sulfur.

Twelve growing Angus heifers averaging 282 kg in weight were fed a tall fescue hay-based diet in a completely randomized design experiment to determine sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) metabolism and bioavailability of different forms of supplemental S:elemental S (E), sodium sulfate (SU) and DL-methionine (M). The study included a 72-h adaptation phase that was followed immediately by a 5-d retention phase. Control (C) heifers were fed a ground fescue hay diet twice daily throughout the study. Supplementation with .15% S from E, SU or M to the basal diet began at h 0. Differences in total blood S, plasma S and ruminal NH3 N were dependent on sampling time in the 72-h adaptation phase. Urinary S excretion during 0 to 72 h was greater for S-supplemented calves than for C. Mean molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate and valerate were affected by form of S supplementation. No treatment differences (P greater than .10) were noted in total VFA concentrations. Sulfur supplementation increased daily urinary sulfate (P less than .01), total urinary S (P less than .01) and fecal S (P less than .01) excretion during the retention phase. Methionine and SU heifers had the greatest urinary S losses, and fecal S was highest for E (P less than .01). No differences (P greater than .10) in DM digestion occurred among treatments. N retention (g/d) and N retention as a percentage of intake averaged 5.9, 8.5; 13.2, 18.7; 13.8, 20.5; and 11.3, 19.2, respectively, for C, E, SU and M. Sulfur retention (g/d) was increased (P less than .10) by S supplementation. Sulfur supplementation of a basal fescue hay diet increased S retention transitorily, although much of the added S was lost through excretory routes. Supplementing S as E, SU or M appeared to be equally beneficial, despite differences in route and extent of S excretion among the three S sources.
Biologic Formulations but Not an Interrow Living Rye Ground Cover Reduced Incidence of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus in Tomato

ABSTRACTTomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is a persistent threat to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) production, with diseased plants exhibiting reduced growth and direct effects on tomato fruit. TSWV incidence and associated yield losses in tomato plants were assessed with two interrow soil treatments (rye ground cover and bare ground) and four levels of biologic treatments, Make, Agricen, Make + Agricen, and a water control. Tomato plants treated with the biologic formulations in the rye interrow treatment had lower TSWV incidence than the water control, although this did not translate to improved fruit yield. No difference in fruit yield occurred between rye and bare soil interrow treatments. Because biologic treatments reduced TSWV incidence, consideration should be given to integrating them with production practices.
Draft genome sequence of the Gram-positive thermophilic iron reducer Thermincola ferriacetica strain Z-0001T

A 3.19-Mbp draft genome of the Gram-positive thermophilic iron-reducing Firmicutes isolate from the Peptococcaceae family, Thermincola ferriacetica Z-0001, was assembled at ~100× coverage from 100-bp paired-end Illumina reads. The draft genome contains 3,274 predicted genes (3,187 protein coding genes) and putative multiheme c-type cytochromes.
Ribosomal protein methyltransferases in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Roles in ribosome biogenesis and translation.

Abstract A significant percentage of the methyltransferasome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and higher eukaryotes is devoted to methylation of the translational machinery. Methylation of the RNA components of the translational machinery has been studied extensively and is important for structure stability, ribosome biogenesis, and translational fidelity. However, the functional effects of ribosomal protein methylation by their cognate methyltransferases are still largely unknown. Previous work has shown that the ribosomal protein Rpl3 methyltransferase, histidine protein methyltransferase 1 (Hpm1), is important for ribosome biogenesis and translation elongation fidelity. In this study, yeast strains deficient in each of the ten ribosomal protein methyltransferases in S. cerevisiae were examined for potential defects in ribosome biogenesis and translation. Like Hpm1-deficient cells, loss of four of the nine other ribosomal protein methyltransferases resulted in defects in ribosomal subunit synthesis. All of the mutant strains exhibited resistance to the ribosome inhibitors anisomycin and/or cycloheximide in plate assays, but not in liquid culture. Translational fidelity assays measuring stop codon readthrough, amino acid misincorporation, and programmed −1 ribosomal frameshifting, revealed that eight of the ten enzymes are important for translation elongation fidelity and the remaining two are necessary for translation termination efficiency. Altogether, these results demonstrate that ribosomal protein methyltransferases in S. cerevisiae play important roles in ribosome biogenesis and translation.
Analysis of /sup 2/8Si(/sup 3/He, d)/sup 2/9P

Recent data for the reaction $^{28}\mathrm{Si}(^{3}\mathrm{He},d)^{29}\mathrm{P}$ at 25.0 MeV have been analyzed with an unbound stripping code. Resulting spectroscopic factors are in good agreement with those extracted from the original analysis using a modified bound-state calculation, and with spectroscopic factors calculated from measure proton widths.