cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First Things First for Negotiators and Organizations

“Nearly everything in life is negotiation.” (Pecquet) Effective bargaining with others helps not only to deal more effectively with projects, and contracts, but also to resolve conflicts and to overcome crises. But as a negotiator what should you do first? As leaders of organizations, how to make sure your organization does first things first? This article focuses on seven moves that leaders, whether they are the boss or not, can make to enhance the negotiating power of both individuals and organizations.
MRx as a participatory platform

AbstractFacilitating and supporting various modes of social interaction has been part of Mixed Reality (MRx)1 design experiments and discourse over the past twenty years. But what vision of social interaction is sought and advanced through Mixed Reality environments? In this paper, I identify two dominant ways that social interaction is envisioned in MRx designs, broadly construed as material and political, and illustrated through a series of examples. I further draw on them to highlight the potentials, boundaries, and limitations of each with regards to the kinds of social interactions that are sought and cultivated through the integration of digital media on physical space. I suggest that as MR becomes mainstream, it is important to go beyond these visions to consider whether and how MRx environments might connect with the economic, social, and cultural specificity of local sites to meaningfully serve the always evolving social needs and purposes of their communities.
Deep Brain Stimulation Battery Longevity: Comparison of Monopolar Versus Bipolar Stimulation Modes.

Background Deep brain stimulation is an effective treatment for movement disorders, but it is relatively complex, invasive, and costly. Little is known about whether stimulation mode alters pulse generator (battery) longevity in routine clinical care. Objective To compare battery longevity during monopolar versus bipolar stimulation in patients who underwent deep brain stimulation for movement disorders. Methods We evaluated 2,902 programming adjustments and calculated the average stimulator settings for 393 batteries in 200 unique patients with Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. We classified the pulse generators into different stimulation modes (monopolar, bipolar, tripolar, double monopolar) and compared battery longevity with Kaplan Meier survival analyses using the log rank test. We exclusively implanted the Medtronic 3387 lead with adjacent electrode contacts separated by 1.5 mm. Results The mean pulse generator longevity was 47.6±1.6 months regardless of diagnosis or stimulation mode. Bipolar stimulation mode was associated with greater longevity than monopolar stimulation (56.1±3.4 versus 44.2±2.1 months, p=0.006). This effect was most pronounced when stimulation parameters were at low to moderate intensity settings. Double monopolar configuration was associated with less pulse generator longevity than conventional stimulation modes (37.8±5.6 versus 49.7±1.9, p=0.014). Conclusion IPGs initially programmed in bipolar mode provided one year of additional battery longevity versus monopolar mode in this large retrospective series of patients with essential tremor and Parkinson's disease. Given satisfactory efficacy for motor symptoms, bipolar stimulation mode is a feasible alternative programming strategy at the initiation of DBS therapy.
CYP2D6: Where It All Began

This chapter discusses the genetics, metabolic actions, substrates, and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 2D6.
Mitochondrial DNA damage and vascular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

Prior studies demonstrate mitochondrial dysfunction with increased reactive oxygen species generation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress-mediated damage to mitochondrial DNA promotes atherosclerosis in animal models. Thus, we evaluated the relation of mitochondrial DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells s with vascular function in patients with diabetes mellitus and with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We assessed non-invasive vascular function and mitochondrial DNA damage in 275 patients (age 57 ± 9 years, 60 % women) with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease alone (N = 55), diabetes mellitus alone (N = 74), combined atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (N = 48), and controls age >45 without diabetes mellitus or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (N = 98). Mitochondrial DNA damage measured by quantitative PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was higher with clinical atherosclerosis alone (0.55 ± 0.65), diabetes mellitus alone (0.65 ± 1.0), and combined clinical atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus (0.89 ± 1.32) as compared to control subjects (0.23 ± 0.64, P < 0.0001). In multivariable models adjusting for age, sex, and relevant cardiovascular risk factors, clinical atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus remained associated with higher mitochondrial DNA damage levels (β = 0.14 ± 0.13, P = 0.04 and β = 0.21 ± 0.13, P = 0.002, respectively). Higher mitochondrial DNA damage was associated with higher baseline pulse amplitude, a measure of arterial pulsatility, but not with flow-mediated dilation or hyperemic response, measures of vasodilator function. We found greater mitochondrial DNA damage in patients with diabetes mellitus and clinical atherosclerosis. The association of mitochondrial DNA damage and baseline pulse amplitude may suggest a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive small artery pulsatility with potentially adverse microvascular impact.
Taxicab Geometry—A New Slant

As anyone who has played with a bit of screen wire knows, a square is not a rigid geometrical figure. A slight push to the right or left will deform a square into a nonsquare rhombus. If such a transformation is performed on the points of a plane which has been coordinatized by a square grid so that the positive y-axis makes an angle of 600 with the positive x-axis and the shorter diagonals of each rhombus are drawn, an isometric grid results. Points will still be named by ordered pairs of real numbers with respect to the x-axis and the transformed y-axis (FIGURE la). There are only three regular polygons which will tessellate the plane: the equilateral triangle, the square, and the regular hexagon. The first two of these can be subdivided into smaller similar polygons (yielding the isometric grid and the square grid). Work has already been done on taxicab geometry using the square grid; this note considers taxicab geometry using the isometric grid. Square-taxi geometry arises because, for the two points A = (xi, Y1) and B = (x2, Y2), a new distance function is chosen:
Properties of Phase Change Materials Modified by Ion Implantation

Ion implantation of germanium and carbon ions into thin films of Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) and GeTe was applied to modify the properties of these phase change materials. It was found that it is possible to amorphize crystalline GST and GeTe using ion implantation for optimized ion doses and energies which depend on the film thickness, ion species and capping layer. A relatively low minimum dose is required for complete amorphization as judged by the absence of diffraction peaks in x-ray diffraction (XRD) scans. It is 4–5×1013 cm−2 for germanium implantation into GST, and slightly higher (1014 cm−2) for germanium implantation into GeTe. The properties of the re-amorphized films depend on ion species, dose and energy. The re-crystallization temperature of re-amorphized GST by ion implantation is comparable or higher than as-deposited amorphous GST. Carbon implantation in particular leads to a large increase in the crystallization temperature Tx. A carbon dose of 1016 cm−2 implanted into 20 nm amorphous GST yielded a crystallization temperature of 300 oC, much higher than the crystallization temperature of 160 oC we recorded for as-deposited, amorphous GST. Similarly, high dose carbon implantation into amorphous GeTe leads to large increase in Tx. We recorded a shift in Tx from 195 oC for as-deposited GeTe to 400 oC for C-implanted GeTe. Crystalline GeTe re-amorphized by a low dose germanium ion implantation exhibits a re-crystallization temperature below Tx of as-deposited amorphous GeTe and Tx increased with the implanted Ge dose to a crystallization temperature above that of unimplanted GeTe. Ion implantation can be regarded an additional tool to create phase change materials with different and improved switching properties that cannot be achieved by conventional sputter deposition.
East Los High: Transmedia edutainment to promote the sexual and reproductive health of young Latina/o Americans

Latina/o Americans are at high risk for sexually transmitted infections and adolescent pregnancies. Needed urgently are innovative health promotion approaches that are engaging and culturally sensitive. East Los High is a transmedia edutainment program aimed at young Latina/o Americans. It embeds educational messages in entertainment narratives across digital platforms to promote sexual and reproductive health. We employed online analytics tracking (2013-2014), an online viewer survey (2013), and a laboratory experiment (El Paso, TX, 2014) for season 1 program evaluation. We found that East Los High had a wide audience reach, strong viewer engagement, and a positive cognitive, emotional, and social impact on sexual and reproductive health communication and education. Culturally sensitive transmedia edutainment programs are a promising health promotion strategy for minority populations and warrant further investigation.
Determination of Sulfite in Vegetables and Derived Products by Nitrogen Distillation-Pararosaniline Hydrochloride Spectrophotometric Method

A nitrogen distillation-formaldehyde solution absorption-pararosaniline hydrochloride spectrophotometric method for the determination of sulfite in vegetables and deri ved products was developed.The results showed that the detection limit for sulfite was 0.5 mg/kg in 5.0 g of samples.This method had a good linearity(R2 = 0.9998) for sulfur dioxide with a concentration ranging from 0 to 10 μg.The relative standard deviation of the proposed method ranged from 0.75% to 3.78%.The recovery rate was in the range of 89.8% ~ 98.3%.The developed method has less color interference from samples and less pollution.It is easy and simple with good repeatability,which is suitable for the determination of sulfite in vegetables and derived products.
DEVELOPMENT OF C_1～C_7 LIGHT HYDROCARBONS SEPARATOR

Distilling analysis method is often used in C 1～C 7 light hydrocarbon of crude oil. It easily results in hydrocarbon loss and analysis accuracy reduction. A method of “increasing temperature evaporation” was used to analyze C 1～C 7 light hydrocarbon, which did not need liquid nitrogen,reduced the cost of analysis and inhanced the reliability of analyzing each monomer hydrocarbon. This paper has given a minute description in the development of light hydrocarbon separator,experimental procedure,qualitative and quantitative analysis condition of evaporative hydrocarbon gas chromatography
Invited - The case for embedded scalable platforms

Heterogeneous system-on-chip (SoC) architectures are emerging as a fundamental computing platform across a variety of domains, from mobile to cloud computing. Heterogeneity, however, increases design complexity in terms of hardware-software interactions, access to shared resources, and diminished regularity of the design. Embedded Scalable Platforms are a novel approach to SoC design and programming that addresses these design-complexity challenges by combining an architecture and a methodology. The flexible socketed architecture simplifies the integration of heterogeneous components by balancing regularity and specialization. The companion methodology raises the level of abstraction to system-level design, thus promoting closer collaboration among software programmers and hardware engineers. The architecture is supported by a scalable communication infrastructure. The methodology leverages compositional design-space exploration with high-level synthesis. The case for Embedded Scalable Platforms is made based on experiments on the development of various full-system prototypes and experience in teaching these concepts in a new graduate course.
Corrosion of alloys in a chloride molten salt (NaCl-LiCl) for solar thermal technologies

Abstract Next-generation solar power conversion systems in concentrating solar power (CSP) applications require high-temperature advanced fluids in the range of 600–800 °C. Current commercial CSP plants use molten nitrate salt mixtures as the heat transfer fluid and the thermal energy storage (TES) media while operating with multiple hours of energy capacity and at temperatures lower than 565 °C. At higher temperatures, the nitrates cannot be used because they decompose. Molten chloride salts are candidates for CSP applications because of their high decomposition temperatures and good thermal properties; but they can be corrosive to common alloys used in vessels, heat exchangers, and piping at these elevated temperatures. In this article, we present the results of the corrosion evaluations of several alloys in eutectic 34.42 wt% NaCl – 65.58 wt% LiCl at 650–700 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. Electrochemical evaluations were performed using open-circuit potential followed by a potentiodynamic polarization sweep. Corrosion rates were determined using Tafel slopes and Faraday's law. A temperature increase of as little as 50 °C more than doubled the corrosion rate of AISI stainless steel 310 and Incoloy 800H compared to the initial 650 °C test. These alloys exhibited localized corrosion. Inconel 625 was the most corrosion-resistant alloy with a corrosion rate of 2.80±0.38 mm/year. For TES applications, corrosion rates with magnitudes of a few millimeters per year are not acceptable because of economic considerations. Additionally, localized corrosion (intergranular or pitting) can be catastrophic. Thus, corrosion-mitigation approaches are required for advanced CSP plants to be commercially viable.
Effects of supplemental protein source and metabolizable energy intake on nutritional status in pregnant ewes.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of supplemental protein source and ME intake (Exp. 1) on ewe nutritional status during pregnancy. Forty-two mature Targhee ewes were allotted randomly in Exp. 1 to one of six treatments (n = 7) using a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. Ewes were individually fed chopped barley straw and supplements containing either urea (U), soybean meal (SBM), or blood meal (BM) plus SBM during the 84-d experiment. Straw and supplement intakes were adjusted to meet either 80 or 100% of ME requirements. In Exp. 2, 30 pregnant Targhee ewes that were allotted randomly to one of three groups (n = 10) were individually fed protein supplements similar to those in Exp. 1 and had group access to long-stem barley straw. In Exp. 1, ewes fed BM + SBM gained more (P less than .05) weight, lost less (P less than .05) body condition, and had increased (P less than .05) wool fiber length compared with ewes fed U; SBM ewes were intermediate (P less than .05) in response. Ewes fed BW + SBM had increased (P less than .05) blood urea N and albumin concentrations compared with ewes fed U. Metabolizable energy intake did not affect (P greater than .05) ewe performance or serum metabolite concentrations. Ewes fed BM + SBM in Exp. 2 gained more (P less than .05) weight than ewes fed either SBM or U, and ewes fed SBM lost less weight (P less than .05) than ewes fed U.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Towards content delivery optimization in future wireless networks

The last few years have seen an enormous growth in the usage of smart phones and this trend is expected to continue in the near future with increased processing power and larger form factors. This explosive growth has contributed to an unprecedented adoption of mobile data services and increase in data usage. The demand is also driving the development of next generation networks to support novel data hungry and user-experience focused applications such as virtual reality video. Global mobile data traffic is increasing at an unprecedented rate and video traffic alone currently constitutes about 50% of the total traffic and is predicted to grow up to 70% by 2021 as user preferences are shifting towards more video based applications relative to browsing. The explosion of traffic associated with video content poses significant challenges for mobile content provision. While, on the one hand, mobile video traffic surge is forecasted to require significant investments in bandwidth acquisition, infrastructure deployment and roll-out, on the other hand, users are not likely to be willing to pay significantly more than they are today. Operators would in turn like to charge the content providers for revenue. Furthermore, user expectations for high quality video content is constantly increasing.
Experiencing Unmet Medical Needs or Delayed Care Because of Cost: Foreign-Born Adults in the U.S. by Region of Birth

Healthy People 2020 in the United States highlights timely access to necessary health care as a major factor that can reduce health-related disparities. This study examined the prevalence of delayi...
Method of designing an impedance matching network for wireless power transfer systems

Electrical vehicles (EVs) attract increasing attention as environmental conservation becomes ever more important. Wireless power transfer (WPT) is considered to make EVs more popular; however, the WPT must achieve high efficiency, even when there are wide variations in the load impedance and in the offset and the gap between the primary and secondary coils. We propose a new method of designing an impedance matching network (IMN) that realizes the circuit characteristics of an ideal transformer. The proposed method achieves high efficiency at any point within wide variations of offset and gap and load impedance, as confirmed by experiments.
Studies, Research and Teaching of Professor Józef Mazurkiewicz at the Catholic University of Lublin

The paper is devoted to studies, research and teaching of Professor Jozef Mazurkiewicz, the eminent historian of law, at the Catholic University of Lublin. In 1922, he began studying at the Faculty of Law and Social-Economic Sciences. He attended a seminar on the history of law in Western Europe led by prof. Joseph Rafacz. In 1927, after the deposit of state exams, J. Mazurkiewicz received a Master’s degree in law. In the years 1926–1929 he studied history at the Faculty of Humanities of the Catholic University of Lublin. At the same time he was a trainee court, which ended submitting judicial examination, and after completing his military service he completed advocate. While studying and working at the Catholic University of Lublin he wrote his publications. Also his efforts to obtain a doctor degree were discussed. On June 23, 1949, the Minister of Education decided to liquidate the Legal Section within the Faculty of Law and Social-Economic Sciences of the Catholic University of Lublin. On 1 September 1949, J. Mazurkiewicz started working at the Faculty of Law, created at the University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska, where he headed the Department of History of Political System and Law in Poland (since 1950 bearing the name of the Department of Polish History of State and Law).
Genome Plasticity and Chromosome Evolution

All life as we know it traces back to a single common ancestor. The diversity of living organisms could not have been achieved in the 3–4 billion years they have existed on earth without a high level of genome plasticity. Here we will explore some of the aspects of this plasticity that are most relevant to understanding the behavior of human chromosomes. The common origin of all life forms was strongly supported by Charles Darwin, whose theory of evolution by natural selection provided a powerful explanation for the enormous diversity of living organisms. Genetics and molecular biology have confirmed this unity, demonstrating that all organisms store their genetic information in DNA or RNA and use a virtually universal genetic code for translating this information into protein sequences. Genes, too, show a remarkable degree of conservatism. As an example, over 70 human genes are already known that can function in yeast, substituting for the corresponding defective yeast gene (National Center for Biotechnology Information, http://www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/Bassett/cerevisiae/index.html). A recent study in Drosophila used saturation mutagenesis of a 67-kb region to identify 12 new expressed genes. Nearly all these genes had close relatives in the human and round worm (Caenorhabditis elecjans) databases. Half were present in the yeast (Sacchiromyces cerevisiae) database, and a few were even present in the bacterial databases (Maleszka et al., 1998). This level of sequence conservation is remarkable, especially since warm-blooded birds and mammals have evolved a rather different genome organization, marked by increased heterogeneity in base composition, with highly GC-rich and GC-poor isochores and attendant changes in codon usage (Bernardi, 1995, see also Chapter 7).
An interactive contouring module improves engagement and interest in radiation oncology among preclinical medical students: Results of a randomized trial

Abstract Purpose Studies have shown significant gaps in knowledge of radiation therapy among medical students and primary care providers. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of an interactive contouring module on knowledge and interest in radiation oncology among preclinical medical students. Methods and materials Second-year medical students at the University of California, San Diego were randomized to participate in an interactive contouring exercise or watch a traditional didactic lecture on radiation oncology. Participants completed knowledge tests and surveys at baseline, immediately following the exercise, and 3 months later. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon signed-rank test for pre- and posttest comparisons and Wilcoxon rank sum test for comparison between groups. Results Forty-three medical students participated in the trial (21 in the didactic group; 22 in the contouring group). Students completing the contouring module demonstrated similar overall knowledge improvement compared with the traditional didactic group (+8.6% vs +6.6%, not significant) but endorsed greater engagement on a 5-point Likert-type scale (3.10 vs 3.76, P = .02). At 3-month follow-up, there was a nonsignificant trend toward improved overall knowledge in the contouring group (43% vs 51%, P = .10), with a significance difference in a subset of questions on knowledge of the process of radiation therapy as well as side effects (51% vs 75%, P = .002). Students in the contouring group demonstrated more interest in pursuing a clinical radiation oncology rotation (2.52 vs 3.27, P = .01). Conclusions Use of an interactive contouring module was an effective method to teach preclinical medical students about radiation oncology, with no significant difference in knowledge gained compared with a traditional didactic lecture; however, higher engagement among students completing the contouring module led to improved retention of knowledge of radiation side effects and greater interest in radiation oncology. These data suggest a potential benefit of integrating an interactive radiation oncology module into the preclinical medical school curriculum.
Comparing methods of misclassification correction for studies of adolescent alcohol use.

Background: Despite concerns over measurement error, self-report continues to be the most common measure of adolescent alcohol use used by researchers. Objective measures of adolescent alcohol use ...
Real-time strategy game micro for tactical training simulations

Complex, realistic scenarios in training simulations can benefit from good control of large numbers of simulation entities. However, training simulations typically focus on simulation physics and graphics over the intelligence required to control large numbers of entities. Real-Time Strategy games, on the other hand, have evolved to make tradeoffs between the AI needed and human interaction required to control hundreds of entities in complex tactical skirmishes. Borrowing from work in real-time strategy games, this paper attacks the problem of controlling groups of heterogenous entities in training simulations by using a genetic algorithm to evolve control algorithm parameters that maximize damage done and minimize damage received during skirmishes in a real-time strategy game-like simulation. Results show the emergence of complex, coordinated behavior among groups of simulated entities. Evolved behavior quality seems to be relatively independent of the underlying physics model but depends on the initial dispositions of entities in the simulation. We can get over this dependence and evolve more robust high performance behaviors by evaluating fitness in several different scenarios with different initial dispositions. We believe these preliminary results indicate the viability of our approach for generating robust, high performance behaviors for controlling swarms of entities in training simulations to enable more complex, realistic training scenarios.
REACTION-DIFFUSION EQUATIONS IN ABSTRACT CONES

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the reaction–diffusion equations in abstract cones. Many models in chemical, biological, and ecological processes involve a system of parabolic differential equations subject to appropriate initial boundary conditions. Such systems are called weakly coupled systems. No model of the form can be relied on to be in quantitative agreement with real world systems. Differential equations are, at best, only rough approximations of actual ecological systems. The chapter presents a few equations that have been very important in the modeling and study of population dynamics, nuclear and chemical reactions, and several models of nerve conduction.
The poset structure of positive implicative BCK-algebras

Many algebraic structures can be characterized in terms of some order structure. Among them are lattices, semilattices, boolean algebras, and semi-boolean algebras. In this paper we show that a pBCK-algebra can be characterized in terms of two order relations, one of which also makes it an implicative BCK-algebra. One of these orders is the well-known order for the larger class of BCK-algebras; the other one is a new order we introduce here.
The impact of mandatory arrest laws on domestic violence in times of economic stress

Abstract We test the effectiveness of mandatory arrest laws to suppress domestic violence under changing levels of community-wide economic stress. While existing economic scholarship focuses upon the influence of arrest laws and financial strain independently of one another, we provide a meaningful bridge across these two factors to assess whether arrest laws are effective when communities need them most. Using county-level monthly unemployment rates and national crime data for years 2000 to 2015, we examine changes in incidents of intimidation and assault between intimate partners across states with and without mandatory arrest laws. After controlling for baseline county characteristics, we document the subsequent increase in domestic violence from rising rates of unemployment. We find the efficacy of arrest laws to mitigate intimate partner violence is strongest when unemployment increases. However, these results do not hold for more severe forms of domestic violence. Our results suggest that while mandatory arrest laws are not a single solution to domestic violence, they lessen the adverse effects of rising unemployment rates.
Teaching Academic Research and Writing: Or, Two Works in Progress

In Fall 2016, the Wake Forest University School of Divinity offered a for-credit academic research and writing course for the first time as a way to address concerns regarding the academic preparedness of incoming students. As the subject specialist for the School of Divinity, the author co-taught Introduction to Research and Writing with the School's Academic Skills Counselor, who led the writing portion of the class. As a result of our experience teaching the class, and in consultation with the academic dean, we decided that a two-tier research and writing course structure would best serve the needs of our student population. In Fall 2017, we taught the second-tier course, Advanced Research and Writing, which was targeted to students who intended to pursue doctoral work, or who were in the midst of research-intensive independent studies or senior projects. This presentation summary will focus on the syllabus and course structure, including assignments and learning objectives, as well as lessons learned as we look towards the future of the course.
Aerosol-Assisted Vapor Phase Synthesis of Gallium Nitride Powder

A GaNxOy precursor powder has been prepared by reaction of an aqueous Ga(NO3)3 aerosol with NH3(g) at 1050 °C. This powder is efficiently converted to crystalline h-GaN by heat treatment under NH3 at 1050 °C.
Abstract 1531: The Polycomb repressor complex 1 promotes recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immune evasion during bone colonization in castration-resistant prostate cancer

The mechanisms that enable immune evasion at metastatic sites are poorly understood. We show that the Polycomb Repressor Complex-1 (PRC1) drives colonization of the bones and visceral organs in Double Negative (AR- NE-) Prostate Cancer (DNPC). In vivo genetic screening identifies the cytokine CCL2 as the top pro-metastatic gene induced by PRC1. Mechanistic studies show that CCL2 not only controls self-renewal and metastatic initiation but also governs the recruitment of M2-like TAMs and Tregs, thus creating a profoundly immune suppressive and proangiogenic microenvironment. Inhibition of PRC1 reverses these processes and cooperates with checkpoint immunotherapy to suppress multi-organ site metastasis. These results reveal a link between epigenetic regulation of cancer stem cells and molding of the tumor microenvironment and identify PRC1 as a potential therapeutic target in M-CRPC. Citation Format: Wenjing Su, Boyu Zhang, Hyunho Han, Goutam Chakraborty, Bing Zhou, Jie Su, Guangli Yang, Ouathek Ouerfelli, Neal Rosen, Howard I. Scher, Filippo G. Giancotti. The Polycomb repressor complex 1 promotes recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and immune evasion during bone colonization in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1531.
Complete Genome Sequences of Measles Virus Genotype D8 Isolates from South Korea in 2016.

ABSTRACT The complete genome sequences of three wild-type measles viruses (genotype D8) isolated from patients in South Korea were determined. These are the first reported complete genome sequences of measles viruses obtained from South Korea, and the availability of these sequences will improve our understanding of measles virus transmission and genetic diversity.
Comparing Health Outcomes in San Francisco and Boston Metro Areas

In many tangible and intangible ways, the Boston and San Francisco metro areas are very alike. This paper investigates whether this resemblance between the two metro areas leads to similar health outcomes. Health outcomes, estimated at the level of census tracts and collected as a part of the 500 cities project are compared to assess this similarity. The named cities of Boston and San Francisco along with four other suburban cities from each metro area, which have nearly equal numbers of census tracts and populations are considered in the comparison. Based on the 13 health outcomes, census tracts from these ten cities are grouped into three clusters using k-means clustering. These clusters are labeled "Poor", "Fair" and "Good" based on their mean prevalence of health outcomes. A quantitative assessment of the distribution of the census tracts among these three clusters shows that the Boston metro has a significantly larger percentage of tracts in the Poor cluster compared to the San Francisco metro. This is primarily because the percentage of tracts with poor health outcomes is higher in the city of Boston compared to the city of San Francisco. However, in the other suburban cities, where the populations have similar median ages, the distribution of the census tracts is very close. Geographical visualization, conducted by mapping the census tracts to the shape files from the U.S. Census Bureau, shows that in the cities in the Boston metro area, census tracts in a single cluster are more likely to be adjacent, whereas, they are more likely to be dispersed or scattered in the cities in the San Francisco metro area.
A Study of the Psychometric Properties of the "Stanford Proxy Test for Delirium" (S-PTD): A New Screening Tool for the Detection of Delirium.

Background Delirium is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Half the cases remain misdiagnosed. Objective Assess the effectiveness of the Stanford Proxy Test for Delirium (S-PTD) in detecting delirium in an inpatient setting. Methods This is a comparison study. Daily assessment with S-PTD, by the patient's nurse, and a neuropsychiatric assessment by a psychiatrist. Assessments were blinded. Inclusion criteria included 18 years or older. Exclusion criteria included patient's or surrogate's unwillingness to participate, inability to consent if a surrogate was not available, and inability to communicate in English or Spanish. A total of 309 patients were approached: 27 declined participation, 4 were excluded, and 278 subjects were followed up throughout their hospital stay. In the end, 78 were excluded for lack of neuropsychiatric assessment, S-PTD, or both. One was excluded for lack of demographic data. The sensitivity and specificity of the S-PTD in detecting delirium when compared with a neuropsychiatric assessment. Results Participants were on average 60.8 years old and 54.3% were male. Patients who developed delirium were, on average, older (15.12 y, confidence interval: 8.94–21.32). A total of 199 patients were analyzed; 43 patients (21.6%) met criteria for delirium. S-PTD detected 67 days with delirium (16.5%) of 405 hospital days, while neuropsychiatric evaluation identified 83 (20.5%). S-PTD had a sensitivity of 80.72% and a specificity of 90.37%. Conclusion S-PTD is an effective, comprehensive, and simple screening tool for delirium, which is robust despite fluctuating symptoms and lack of cooperation. The use of S-PTD may enhance early diagnosis of delirium.
AC vs. Hybrid AC/DC Powered Data Centers: A Workload Based Perspective

Proponents of AC-powered data centers have implicitly assumed that the electrical load presented to all three phases of an AC data center are balanced. To assure this, servers are connected to the AC power phases to present identical loads, assuming an uniform expected utilization level for each server. We present an experimental study that demonstrates that with the inevitable temporal changes in server workloads or with dynamic sever capacity management based on known daily load patterns, balanced electrical loading across all power phases cannot be maintained. Such imbalances introduce a reactive power component that represents an effective power loss and brings down the overall energy efficiency of the data center, thereby resulting in a handicap against DC-powered data centers where such a loss is absent.
De-monopolizing Literary Space: Alternatives to the Three-Volume Novel

This chapter considers several alternatives to expensive three-volume fiction developed by authors and publishers in the 1880s and 1890s. Robert Louis Stevenson and his publishers Cassell and Longmans elevated the esteem of boys’ adventure fiction in the eyes of men readers. George Moore and his publisher Vizetelly consciously positioned themselves as the daring counter to the staid fiction demanded by the circulating libraries. Several newer publishers, including J. W. Arrowsmith and T. Fisher Unwin, pioneered series to market new fiction to Victorian readers. Ultimately, these efforts paved the way for single-volume fiction to replace the three-volume novel.
Distributed Spintronic/CMOS Sensor Network for Thermal-Aware Systems

Recent developments in IC technology rely on device scaling and 3-D integration, resulting in billions of devices compacted into a small area. These trends degrade the lifetime and reliability of the system due to an increase in temperature caused by high power densities. Dynamically managing a system based on the thermal characteristics is important to mitigate this issue. An on-chip thermal-aware system composed of hundreds of distributed thermal sensors is proposed. A hybrid spintronic/CMOS-based thermal sensor is described that exploits the thermal response and small area of an antiparallel magnetic tunnel junction. The sensor cell consumes as little as 500 pJ to read 1024 thermal sensor nodes and generates a thermal map of a system composed of $32 \times 32$ thermal sensors. The sensor cell exhibits a thermal linearity ( $R^{2}$ ) up to 0.983 and a thermal sensitivity of 1.91 mV/K over the commercial temperature range of 0 °C to 85 °C while consuming $32~\mu \text{W}$ .
Refugees and the transforming landscapes of small cities in the US

Over the past thirty years, immigrants in the US have been settling outside of gateway cities, going instead to a number of other new locations across the country. While much of the extant literatu...
Selwyn Goldsmith's designing for the disabled, 2nd ed. (1967): Flawed, dated, and disavowed, yet a classic with enduring value

Abstract Though flawed, dated, and disavowed, Selwyn Goldsmith's 1967 book Designing for the Disabled warrants serious consideration by designers today. Published as a revision of the book's first edition (1963), the second represents a complete rethinking of questions of design and disability from an avowedly British perspective, challenging dominant American assumptions about the perils of dependence and the desirability of independence. Admittedly, Goldsmith makes some troubling assumptions about disabilities, and his language is now very dated. Moreover, in the 1990s, he disavowed the approach that he advocated in the second (and third) edition of his book. Even so, the ideals of interdependence and expression of care—and the approach to designing for disability—that he first articulated in the second edition feel more relevant today than ever.
Urban Heat Islands and Remote Sensing: Characterizing Land Surface Temperature at the Neighborhood Scale

Land surface temperature data from Landsat 8 and from MODIS on the Aqua and Terra satellites were compared with ground-based surface temperature data from five urban sites within a New York City neighborhood. The ground data validated the spatial heterogeneity of surface temperatures from Landsat 8; however, all three satellite sensors significantly underestimated the measured surface temperatures. The sensors reasonably matched the temperature of shaded areas, but they undervalued the overall temperature. These results suggest that, while Landsat 8 and other satellites are helpful tools for mapping urban temperature variations, the absolute temperature readings need validation, for they may not capture the high temperatures of sun-exposed urban areas.
Plasma carboxylesterase 1 predicts methylphenidate exposure: a proof-of-concept study using plasma protein biomarker for hepatic drug metabolism

Hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) play critical roles in determining the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of numerous therapeutic agents. As such, noninvasive biomarkers capable of predicting DME expression in the liver have the potential to be used to personalize pharmacotherapy and improve drug treatment outcomes. In the present study, we quantified carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) protein concentrations in plasma samples collected during a methylphenidate pharmacokinetics study. CES1 is a prominent hepatic enzyme responsible for the metabolism of many medications containing small ester moieties, including methylphenidate. The results revealed a significant inverse correlation between plasma CES1 protein concentrations and the area under the concentration-time curves (AUCs) of plasma d-methylphenidate (P = 0.014, r = -0.617). In addition, when plasma CES1 protein levels were normalized to the plasma concentrations of 24 liver-enriched proteins to account for potential interindividual differences in hepatic protein release rate, the correlation was further improved (P = 0.003, r = -0.703), suggesting that plasma CES1 protein could explain ~ 50% of the variability in d-methylphenidate AUCs in the study participants. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling simulation revealed that the CES1-based individualized dosing strategy might significantly reduce d-methylphenidate exposure variability in pediatric patients relative to conventional trial and error fixed dosing regimens. This proof-of-concept study indicates that the plasma protein of a hepatic DME may serve as a biomarker for predicting its metabolic function and the pharmacokinetics of its substrate drugs.
Computational Multitarget Drug Discovery

Pharmaceutical substances have been discovered by means ranging from serendipitous observation [1,2] to specific engineering [3]. The purpose is nearly always to combat one particular disease, and the approach is most often trial and error. The efficiency of these pharmaceutical hunts has been improved greatly by highthroughput pharmaceutical platforms, but the requirement of physical experiment makes these screens scale in expense linearly at best. The expense of discovering a new chemical entity is estimated at US$0.5B–US$2B [4,5]. More recent successes in computationalmodeling of compound to protein docking open the possibility of nonphysical prelaboratory screens. In our experience this has vastly increased the success rate of bench experiments [6,7] (see Table 13.1, later in this chapter). Computational modeling of protein ligand interactions has been applied to find pharmacologic targets in known drug-disease pairs [8,9]. Themore obvious use of these dockingmethods is to guide discovery of a drug for a disease, asmodeling enables design [3]. Design does not need to be limited to one protein target. Searching for one compound for multiple targets in the same pathogen increases odds for successful inhibition of at least one target, and facilitates discovery of multitarget lead inhibitors, [Note 1], which vastly decreases the probability of developing resistance (or habituation) and decreases toxicity via lowered effective dose [6,10–12] (Table 13.1). Thus far the search for multitarget inhibitors has focused on one organism at a time [6,9,11], but modeling multidisease effects has explained clinical patterns of elimination for twodiseasesbyonedrug [13].Theadvent of computationalmultidisease screens will enable access to the most accurate aspects of computational screening, bearing the possibility of vastly reducing barriers to drug development.
Multi scale multi directional shear operator for personal recognition using Conjunctival vasculature

In this paper, we present the results of a study on utilization of Conjunctival vasculature pattern as a biometric modality for personal identification. The visible red blood vessel patterns on the sclera of the eye is gaining acceptance as a biometric modality due to its proven uniqueness and easy accessibility for imaging in the visible spectrum. After acquisition, the images of Conjunctival vascular patterns are enhanced using the difference of Gaussian (DoG). The feature extraction is performed using a multi-scale, multi-directional shear operator (Shearlet transform). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), neural networks (NN) and pairwise distance metrics were used for classification. In the study, images of 50 subjects are acquired with a DSLR camera at different gazes and multiple distances (CIBIT-I dataset). Additionally, the performance of the proposed algorithms is tested using different gaze images acquired from 35 subjects using an iPhone (CIBIT-II dataset). ROC AUC analysis is used to test the classification performance. Areas under the curve (AUC) and equal error rates (EER) are reported for all acquisition scenarios and different processing algorithms. The best EER value of 0.29% is obtained for a CIBIT-I dataset using NN and a 2.44% EER value for a CIBIT-II dataset using LDA.
Coffee Agroforestry Systems for Conservation and Economic Development: A Case Study of the AMISCONDE Initiative in a Buffer Zone Community of Costa Rica

Abstract The agroforestry program of the AMISCONDE Initiative was implemented in 13 buffer zone communities of La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. This program introduced citrus (Citrus spp.) and promoted the widespread inclusion of poro (Erythrina poeppigiana) shade trees, ground story vegetation, and soil conservation techniques to the local cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica var caturra). This program sought long-term socioeconomic and ecological health in these buffer zone communities through conservation and development projects such as coffee agroforestry systems. This paper examines the ecological and socioeconomic benefits of two introduced coffee agroforestry systems: coffee-poro and coffee-citrus. The project has decreased agrochemical inputs, integrated multi-strata vegetation, and implemented soil conservation techniques such as vetiver grass, cover crops, terraces, water channeling, and shade trees in an effort to sustainably manage coffee production on the steep buffer zone slopes. The agrofore...
Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses early Il-17 response during pneumococcal pneumonia. (CCR6P.273)

In animal models, acute alcohol intoxication suppresses the host immune responses against S. pneumoniae. Il-17 plays essential roles in host defense against extracellular pathogens including S. pneumoniae. We demonstrated that Il-17R signaling is critical for the clearance of S. pneumoniae by blocking the Il-17 receptor with monoclonal antibody. We thus hypothesize that alcohol impairs pneumococcal lung clearance by affecting Il-17 production and Il-17R related genes in the lung. We used a model of acute alcohol intoxication in mice followed by S. pneumoniae pneumonia. Alcohol and control group had similar bacterial burden in the lungs at 5 hours, however, the former group failed to clear pneumococci at 18h. Il-17a production in the lung was decreased in the alcohol group at 5 hours, suggesting that the impaired clearance is, at least in part, due to the suppression of Il-17 production. Gene expression analyses showed that both Il17a and Il17f transcripts were down-regulated in alcohol mice, suggesting the suppression is at transcriptional level. This notion is supported by decreased expression of Il-17 upstream genes such as Il1b and Il23. Consequently, downstream genes such as Csf3 and Cxcl1, which are critical in mobilizing and recruiting bacterial phagocytes, were down regulated at 5 hours compared to control mice. Taken together, this study provides a novel mechanism by which alcohol impairs host defense against bacterial infection.
Sub-micron thermography of laser diodes by charging dielectric coatings with an electron beam

Electron beam charging thermography, a novel scanning electron microscope-based technique featuring submicron resolution and high speed, has been applied to investigate the thermal behavior of ridge waveguide QW laser diodes. Examples presented illustrate the complexity of thermal effects at and adjacent to laser mirrors.