cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alpine Landscape Variation in Foliar Nitrogen and Phosphorus Concentrations and the Relation to Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability

We tested the hypothesis that foliar nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations are correlated with estimates of soil nutrient supply, a common assumption in studies of plant nutrient relations. This hypothesis was tested in an alpine ecosystem characterized by a wide range of soil nutrient availabilities using 3 herbaceous plants with widespread distributions. Rates of soil N and P supply were estimated using ion exchange resin bags deployed during the first half of the growing season, when the majority of plant nutrient uptake occurs. Measurements were made at 3 to 5 landscape positions (vegetation types) at 3 sites: a valley bottom that was glaciated until 12,000 yr ago and 2 ridgetop sites, 1 with deposits of Tertiary age and 1 that was not glaciated during the Pleistocene. Foliar N and P concentrations generally were not correlated with rates of soil N and P supply. We present several hypotheses to explain the lack of a correlation between soil N and P supply and foliar N and P concentrations, most notably the probable buffering between soil nutrient supply and foliar nutrient concentrations by belowground nutrient storage in plants and the use of organic N by plants. Foliar N:P ratios reflected the specific nutrient limitation of production for 1 of the 3 study species. Rates of soil N supply were associated with landscape position, indicating that microclimatic and/or plant species effects were the most important controls over spatial variation in N supply. Rates of P supply differed significantly among valley and ridge locations, but not with landscape position. Soil age and eolian deposition of dust probably differ between these collection sites and may explain the differences in soil P supply. These results suggest that caution should be used in estimating soil fertility and specific nutrient limitations of growth based on foliar nutrient concentrations in herbaceous communities.
Role of Calcium in Glucocorticosteroid-Induced Apoptosis of Thymocytes and Lymphoma Cells: Resurrection of Old Theories by New Findings

Since the initial observations by Kaiser and Edelman, interest in the role of calcium in ACS-induced apoptosis has wavered, in part because of the fact that extracellular calcium is only necessary for induction of apoptosis in thymocytes, but not in peripheral lymphocytes or lymphoma cells. Now, as result of molecular evidence implicating two separate ligand-gated calcium channels in ACS-induced apoptosis, interest in the role of calcium is sure to be renewed. The major challenge lies in determining the signal transduction pathway through which ACS-induced calcium fluxes mediate apoptosis.
“Talking Across Worlds”: Classist Microaggressions and Higher Education

ABSTRACTWhat can we learn about the existence of classist microaggressions from the experiences of graduate students? What messages do poor and working-class students receive from peers, faculty, and administrators about their inclusion in campus culture? In this qualitative study, narrative data was gathered from 15 graduate students who identified as coming from poor or working-class backgrounds and was analyzed via consensual qualitative research methodology. In addition to describing financial obstacles, participants reported feelings of stigmatization and alienation as challenges to their academic adjustment. The findings affirm the extension of the microaggressions framework to the study of classism and also have implications for the development of enhanced support structures for students from poor and working class backgrounds.
Primary common bile duct stones

Primary or stasis stones in the common duct are a distinct clinical, anatomical, and pathological entity. In the older patient with chills, fever, and jaundice, it is axiomatic that a primary or stasis stone will be found in a common duct that measures 20 mm or more in diameter. Furthermore, about 20% of such patients will not have stones in the gallbladder. The symptom of chills, having not been observed in patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas, is considered a diagnostic aid in the differentiation of jaundice secondary to common duct stones from jaundice due to malignant obstruction. The primary or stasis stone is the most common type of common duct stone. When present, a definitive operation, preferably choledochoduodenostomy, is advised. A simplified classification of biliary tract stones, preferably that of Aschoff, should be established as the universal standard. Also, based on this standard, worldwide prospective clinical studies should be initiated to obtain data for comparative evaluations to determine the true incidence of primary common duct stones.
Effect of Chlordimeform on Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) Nymph Emergence

Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to determine if chlordimeform affected percent egg hatch of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois). Pole bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods and cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in which L. lineolaris adults had deposited eggs were treated with chlordimeform; nymphs were counted 7 days after adults were removed. When pole bean pods were sprayed with or immersed in a 0.09% solution of chlordimeform, nymphal emergence was not significantly reduced. When cotton was sprayed with chlordimeform, emergence of nymphs was significantly reduced in two of three tests.
Genuine Vegetable Parchment Paper: Effects of Accelerated Aging on Some Physical and Chemical Properties

Characterization of paper provides information vital to the preventive care and conservation of vast collections of paper-based materials in museums, libraries, archives and research repositories. Tracing papers, a relatively cheap material used abundantly by folk artists and architects, pose particular problems because of reactivity and instability inherent in their compositions and structures. Previous research published in MRS investigated the aging properties and the impact of conservation treatment on natural, prepared, vellum, and imitation vegetable parchment tracing papers [1, 2]. An additional group, that of genuine vegetable parchment papers, needs particular evaluation with respect to other tracing papers, since they are made by controversial production methods which while considered to be economically advantageous, are environmentally questionable. This technical study characterized three types of genuine vegetable parchment papers, assessing their relative degree of deterioration after aging and their reactivity to solvents commonly used with tracing papers to remove mounts and repairs. The parchment papers were compared optically (fiber, surface, and cross-section morphology; colorimetric, opacity, and gloss properties), chemically (FT-IR, SEM/EDS, and pH), and mechanically (tensile measurements) to provide baseline information on aging properties important to preventive care storage, and relative reactivity important to conservation treatment protocols. The effects of solvents used for conservation treatments (deionized water, ethanol, acetone, toluene, and ammonium hydroxide) were evaluated by comparing relative degrees of reaction (absorption).
DIDYMIUM IRIDIS MATING SYSTEMS: PARTIAL COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN MATING SERIES

GB 1, a new heterothallic Didymium iridis isolate from England, produces plasmodia when mated to some ofthe Central American series interbreeding mating types, most ofthe reproductively isolated Pan 4c clones, and all of the Appalachia series interbreeding mating types. While the hybrids with the Central America and Pan 4c clones usually produced many inviable spores with skewed mating-type segregation ratios, the Appalachian hybrids generally displayed good viability and normal ratios. Al? though most D. iridis heterothallic isolates have mating-type alleles which are compatible with only a single geographically restricted mating series, the GB 1 isolate is partially compatible with 3 separate series. An additional heterothallic isolate from Florida represents another mating-type series repro? ductively isolated from previously described series and from GB 1.
Acknowledging Students' Collaborations through Peer Review: A Footnoting Practice

ABSTRACTStudent-to-student peer review or peer feedback is commonly used in student-centered or active-learning classrooms. In this article, we describe a footnoting exercise that we implemented in two of our undergraduate courses as one way to encourage students to acknowledge collaborations and contributions made during peer-review processes. This exercise was developed in response to a teaching problem well documented in the literature and often experienced firsthand in our own courses: students do not always transfer to future iterations of their work what they have learned in response to previous feedback. Following a description of the footnoting exercise, we analyze the resulting footnotes that the students produced. Finally, we discuss possible improvements to the assignment and avenues for future research.
Problems of Menstruation

(1965). Problems of Menstruation. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 36, No. 8, pp. 65-66.
SSR ALLELIC VARIATION OF RICE VARIETY HANGXIANGNUO BRED BY SPACE MUTATION

Hangxiangnuo,an indica fragrant glutinous rice mutant,was induced by space environment.Comparing with its wild type Nanfengnuo,the yield and blast resistance of Hangxiangnuo are improved significantly and the grain shape became slender and with fragrance.To understand the mechanisms of space mutation and identify the changes at molecular level associated with phenotypic variations,SSR allelic variation analysis were performed on Hangxiangnuo and Nanfengnuo in this study.The results showed that 45 loci were polymorphic among the 156 SSR loci tested throughout the genome,the frequency of variation was 28.85%.Among the polymorphic loci,42 loci only showed variations in the molecular weight of the amplified bands,only one locus increased the number of amplification bands in Hangxiangnuo and two loci were differed by heterozygous loci(with two amplification bands at one locus) detected in Nanfengnuo and homozygous loci in Hangxiangnuo.It suggests that the change of some loci in mutants was due to the normal segregation and recombination of heterozygous loci of the wild type.The variation frequencies among different chromosomes were quite different,with the highest one at 50.00% detected on chromosomes 7,8 and 12,and the lowest at 6.25% on chromosome 6.The polymorphic loci were clustered on chromosomes throughout the genome indicating that large DNA segments mutation is one of the major variation patterns induced by space environment.Some of reported QTLs involved in grain shape,yield,fragrance and blast resistance were found to be located exactly in the mutated regions.Therefore,further study is needed to confirm that these QTLs are responsible for the trait variations.
A hierarchy of competencies for teachers of emotionally handicapped children.

Descriptions of the characteristics necessary for effective teaching of emotionally handicapped children often emphasize personal giftedness. During a four year teacher training program at the UCLA...
The use of pelvic radiation in stage II rectal cancer: A population-based analysis

National Institutes of Health (NIH) guidelines recommend the use of pelvic radiation in T3N0 rectal cancer. We sought to determine the rate of compliance with NIH radiation guidelines for patients with T3N0 rectal cancer. We performed a retrospective cohort study of T3N0 rectal cancer diagnosed between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 2003, in Region 5 of the California Cancer Registry (R5 CCR). Three hundred twenty-nine patients with T3N0 rectal cancer were identified. The mean age of the study population was 68 years (range, 28 to 93 years). Only 54.1 per cent of patients with T3N0 cancer received pelvic radiation. There was no difference in gender (P = 0.13) or the number of nodes examined (P = 0.19) between patients who had treatment with pelvic radiation and those who did not. However, patients receiving radiation were significantly younger (mean 64 years with radiation therapy [XRT] vs 72 years without XRT, P < 0.001) and significantly more likely to be treated with systemic chemotherapy (75% with XRT vs 8.6% without XRT, P < 0.001). Significant numbers of patients with T3N0 rectal cancer are not receiving pelvic radiation in R5 CRR. NIH guidelines are not being translated into clinical practice. The reasons for this warrant continued investigation.
TU‐H‐206‐07: Assessment of Geometric Distortion in EPI with a SPAMM Tagged Acquisition

Purpose: Echo planar imaging (EPI) is known to exhibit gross geometric distortion caused by multiple factors, including B0 inhomgeneity and transient eddy currents. However, diffusion weighted (DW) EPI has become indispensable for diagnosis and therapy assessment. We propose a methodology for quantifying distortion in EPI sequences that does not require the use of dedicated spatial accuracy phantoms, enabling flexibility in phantom design for QA of distortion effects in EPI protocols. Methods: The proposed methodology utilizes a saturation technique known as Spatial Modulation of Magnetization (SPAMM) that tags the imaging subject with saturated grid lines. Originally intended for tracking cardiac motion, these grids are applied to assess differences between diffusion weighting directions and b-values, or against a more geometrically robust sequence such as fast spin echo (FSE). The saturation preparation sequence consists of binomially weighted (e.g. 1-3-3-1) pulses interleaved with gradient blips along the frequency encode direction, followed by the same sequence with gradient blips in the phase encode direction. Three phantoms were assessed with these sequences: a spherical head-sized phantom, a large shimming phantom, and a modified PET ACR phantom that included compartments of water, air, oil, and Teflon. Each phantom was acquired with three sequences using parameters from a clinically appropriate protocol (22 cm head or 46 cm abdomen): a conventional DW-EPI sequence (3 DW directions), and both the DW-EPI and FSE sequences with tagging. Differences in grid locations were visualized with minimum intensity projection between images, and measured using intersecting locations on the grids. Results: Grid lines were clearly visualized on tagged images and enabled quantification of distortions. Maximum eddy current induced errors of 10.8 to 14.8 mm were observed in areas away from isocenter with DW gradients applied in various directions. Conclusion: SPAMM tagging provides a promising mechanism for assessing spatial distribution of distortion in EPI sequences.
Utilization of Electropolymerized Films of Cobalt Porphyrin for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Aqueous Media

A facile electropolymerization process was utilized to prepare electrodes modified with thin films of cobalt protoporphyrin IX. These thin films exhibited a high Faradaic efficiency (84±2 %) for the reduction of CO2 to CO in aqueous solutions near neutral pH with 450 mV of overpotential and a turnover frequency at zero overpotential (log(TOF0)) of −5.9. The production of CO was stable over several hours at these modest potentials. The use of a 13CO2 reactant led exclusively to 13CO as the product. Polymeric films of the unmetalated porphyrin did not demonstrate catalysis for CO2 reduction. UV/Vis spectroelectrochemical experiments indicate that the parent CoII complex is reduced to CoI at the electrode surface before interaction with CO2. It is proposed that the rate-determining step in the reduction of CO2 is the initial reduction of the CoII moiety to CoI, which binds CO2 and then undergoes a proton-coupled electron transfer and a loss of water to form CO. Additionally, a new metric for the evaluation of electrocatalysts, the catalytic efficiency, is proposed. The catalytic efficiency is the ratio of the power stored to power consumed for a given electrochemical reaction and can be used to describe both the kinetics and overpotential considerations of a given system.
Rapid and Sensitive Single Tube Screen for Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) Clones in Aplastic Anemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes by Multiparameter Flow Cytometry.

Several studies have shown that the presence of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored protein-deficient PNH-type cells in patients with aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome may indicate favorable response to therapy and an overall favorable prognosis. Multiparameter flow cytometry is a powerful tool in the detection of even minimal populations of these cells. Evaluation for PNH-type clones has typically required in-depth analysis of red blood cells, granulocytes and monocytes using three tubes looking for the loss of multiple GPI-anchored proteins. Our laboratory has used this method in over 2,100 patients with known aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Accurate PNH-type clone evaluation requires careful backgating, strict gating strategies and a certain level of experience as immature cells, including blasts, may mimic PNH-type clones. The aim of this study was to develop a single tube five-color assay that could be used as a rapid and sensitive screen for the presence of PNH-type cells. We prospectively analyzed the granulocytes in the peripheral blood of 27 patients with known aplastic anemia and myelodysplastic syndrome using a single tube 5-color assay with FLAER-Alexa488 / CD24-PE / CD14-ECD / CD15-PC5 / CD45-PC7. This one-tube approach allows lineage specific gating on granulocytes looking for CD24 and FLAER deficiency. Also, to a more limited extent, the monocytes can be evaluated for CD14 and FLAER deficiency. The results were compared to a more in-depth three tube analysis for PNH-type cells analyzing the red blood cells (GPA-FITC/CD59-PE), granulocytes (CD66b-FITC/ CD24-PE/ CD45-ECD/ CD15-PC5/ CD16) and monocytes (CD64-FITC/ CD55-PE/ CD45-ECD/ CD33-PC5/ CD14). The results are summarized in Table 1. Using a detection sensitivity of 0.05% among the granulocytes showing loss of CD24 and FLAER, the screening assay was able to detect all six patients with PNH-type clones (range 0.4% – 79.1%), which was confirmed by the multiple tube panel. Of the 21 negative samples, all were below the 0.05% limit of detection. Four samples did show a population of CD24-negative, FLAER-negative granulocytes ranging from 0.01%–0.02%. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the single tube screen was 100%. This single tube five-color approach allows for a rapid and simple approach to screening patients for PNH-type clones with a detection sensitivity of 0.05%. Although an extended multiple tube analysis may still be required on positive screening samples to evaluate for the type of red blood cell PNH clone, the single tube screen optimizes the testing approach for PNH-type cells.
Improved self-pierce rivet performance through intentional decarburization

Abstract Two significant self-pierce rivet (SPR) performance metrics are column strength, to be able to pierce materials without buckling, and the ability of the rivet to flare without the formation of fractures. The ability to flare is required to facilitate interlock, which provides joint strength. A test method to evaluate these properties through mechanical flaring of the rivet over a conical die was developed. The test method was utilized to assess performance improvements gained through the incorporation of a decarburized ferrite surface layer that was produced through a modified quench and temper process. Mechanical flaring studies performed using digital image correlation techniques indicated a significant improvement in flaring performance with minimal compromise in column strength when the modified heat treatment process was applied to the current SPR alloy, 10B37. The improvements in flaring capability, while retaining sufficient column strength to pierce the material, have been evaluated in riveting trials for cases where the mechanical properties of the rivet have limited the joint development and joint commonization. Intentionally decarburized rivets were used to join two demanding joint configurations: press-hardened steel to AA6111 and a joint of aluminum sheets with a longer than optimal rivet. In each case, rivets were free of cracking and buckling, and the rivet interlock exceeded the minimum to qualify the joints for application.
Judges and Unilateral Denunciation

Although judges, international or national, are not authorised or expected to legislate or create new rules binding upon states in their mutual relationships, they nonetheless in and through their interpretive or declaratory functions greatly contribute to the determination and development of international law. Their decisions and pronouncements constitute the repository of legal wisdom which has traditionally proven to be a highly useful source of international law. An individual judicial precedent or opinion may serve to illustrate a principle of international law but a collective wisdom of the judges on a point of international law tends to confirm the common sentiment or consensus of the nations of the world and infuse a sense of certainty and stability in international legal relationships.
Illuminating Light in August

While at the University of Virginia in 1957, William Faulkner was asked if “the title of Light in August came from a colloquialism for the completion of pregnancy?” Faulkner said no, and then added, “in my country in August there’s a peculiar quality to light and that’s what that title means. It has in a sense nothing to do with the book at all, the story at all” (Faulkner in the University 74). Faulkner’s answer to the student’s question seems to be characteristically perfunctory, but upon examination it also appears to be characteristically evasive. To say that the meaning behind the title has in a sense nothing to do with Light in August is to at the same time suggest that in some other sense the title is both meaningful and integral to our understanding of the novel which, when begun, had the working title of Dark House. Faulkner initially saw his manuscript focusing on the figure of Gail Hightower, the dispossessed and ineffectual minister bound by his vision of an heroic past, but as he worked the story became more that of Lena Grove and, especially, Joe Christmas. Faulkner moves from darkness to light, then, and in so doing suggests that there is something to be illuminated, to be revealed in Light in August.
Cocaine addiction therapy—Are we partially there?

A recent study suggests that the dopamine D3 receptor partial agonist BP 897 prevents cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, and this may lead to new approaches to study and treat drug addiction.
The Transformative Ark

As conservationists confront an accelerating extinction crisis, zoos are emerging as potentially significant players in the effort to protect global biodiversity, a role that will likely intensify in the coming decades. It’s an agenda, however, that raises a number of ethical and practical questions as zoological parks seek to balance a growing conservation mission alongside their traditional recreation and entertainment pursuits. Many of these questions were first addressed in Bryan Norton’s anthology, Ethics on the Ark, a milestone in applied ethics and zoo conservation published in 1995. In the decades since Norton’s book appeared, the function of zoos as conservation educators and as centers of public transformation has come into sharper focus, with new fields such as conservation psychology measuring the impact of the zoo visit on public perceptions, attitudes, and conservation behaviors. In this chapter, we explore some of this recent empirical work examining zoo visitors’ experiences and argue that Norton’s early writing in environmental ethics and conservation, particularly his notion of “transformative value,” offers a philosophical grounding for understanding the ethical potential of encounters with zoo animals. We close the chapter by discussing some of the challenges and tensions that emerge when Norton’s argument, which was originally presented as a justification for protecting wild biodiversity due to its ability to “transform” consumer preferences to more ecologically enlightened attitudes, is adapted to the zoo setting.
Femoral Neck Stress Fractures: MRI Risk Factors for Progression.

BACKGROUND Femoral neck stress fractures are overuse injuries with devastating consequences if not diagnosed and treated appropriately. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review femoral neck stress fractures using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based protocol and to identify imaging risk factors that could predict fracture progression requiring surgical intervention. METHODS We identified all femoral neck stress fractures treated at our institution from 2002 to 2015. Inclusion criteria for the study were unilateral pathology involving either an incomplete femoral neck stress fracture with a visualized fracture line or edema without a distinct fracture line. MRI data were evaluated for edema, fracture line percentage, and hip effusion. A surgical procedure was offered to patients with fractures with interval progression on serial MRI after 6 weeks of nonoperative treatment. RESULTS We identified 305 patients who met inclusion criteria. Initial MRI showed edema with a fracture line in 54.4% of patients and isolated edema in 45.6% of patients. Interval MRI was performed in 194 patients at a mean time of 6 weeks, and it revealed fracture progression in 13.9% of patients. There were no significant differences in the size of the fracture line on initial MRI between the group who progressed to a surgical procedure and those who resolved with nonoperative treatment (mean [and standard deviation], 24.6% ± 8.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 21.4% to 27.8%] and 25.5% ± 11.1% [95% CI, 22.9% to 28.1%]; p = 0.287). Of the patients who required a surgical procedure, 85.2% had an effusion on the initial MRI compared with only 26.3% of those who showed interval resolution with nonoperative treatment. Those who had a hip effusion on the initial MRI had 8 times (relative risk, 8.02 [95% CI, 2.99 to 21.5]; p < 0.0001) the risk of fracture progression to surgical fixation compared with those without a hip effusion. CONCLUSIONS In patients with a femoral neck stress fracture and fracture line, the presence of a hip effusion on the initial MRI screening is an independent risk factor for fracture progression and early prophylactic surgical intervention should be considered. All patients with isolated edema in the femoral neck without a fracture line on the initial MRI had resolution with nonoperative treatment and did not have fracture progression toward surgical fixation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
(224) An Open-Source Deep Neural Network to Assess Spontaneous Pain in Freely-Moving Mice using Facial Expressions

There is a dire need for new non-opioid analgesics. However, efforts to develop new pain medicines have thus far met with limited success. This failure is partly due to an overreliance on evoked pain measures in preclinical models. Most preclinical models do not measure spontaneous pain—the main symptom of chronic pain in humans. Here we show our progress towards developing and validating a fully-automated and user-friendly spontaneous pain measurement tool by training a machine learning model to detect and quantify facial grimacing in mice. The original Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS) was developed to train researchers to detect pain in freely moving mice by quantifying characteristic facial expressions, or “grimacing”. To increase the rate of adoption for this spontaneous pain measure, we recently adapted and trained a general object classification convolutional neural network (Google's Inception v1.0TM) to detect and classify the presence or absence of grimace in still images of freely-moving white mice. We call this recently published model the automated Mouse Grimace Scale, aMGS. Here we show our continuing efforts to further improve our model using new convolutional neural architecture to detect grimacing in mice of various coat colors and across different laboratory settings. Unlike our first aMGS program, our newest model can track mouse faces of various colors using continuous video input, rather than relying on still images to determine pain status. We also show the results of our latest validation experiments, including grimace assessment in mice following laparotomy, a common post-surgical pain assay. The rapidity and utility of our proposed automated pain classifier has the potential to greatly increase the adoption of the mouse grimace as a reproducible and clinically-relevant pain measure, and allow researchers to objectively and rapidly assess tonic and chronic pain states in a variety of mouse models using a measure of spontaneous pain.
Modeling Molecular Transformations in Solution

Transformations of molecular systems in solution are the central focus of chemical and biochemical sciences. The connection to processes of life itself is clear and emphasizes the importance of obtaining an atomic level understanding of structure and reactivity in solution. It would obviously be exciting to be able to computationally model complex molecular systems accurately enough to provide valid insights that yield enhanced predictive capabilities for structure and reactivity. In fact, progress is being made along these lines via molecular dynamics and statistical mechanics simulations for organic and bio molecular systems in solution. Summaries of contributions by different groups are available in two recent books1,2. In the present paper, the focus will be on recent results from our group on organic transformations, specifically, solvent effects on two important classes of processes, conformational equilibria and ion-pair complexation. Our work on free energy surfaces for organic reactions in solution that involve changes in covalent bonding has been reviewed recently elsewhere.3
An institution-wide faculty mentoring program at an academic health center with 6-year prospective outcome data.

Background There is discontent and turnover among faculty at US academic health centers because of the challenges in balancing clinical, research, teaching, and work-life responsibilities in the current healthcare environment. One potential strategy to improve faculty satisfaction and limit turnover is through faculty mentoring programs. Methods A Mentor Leadership Council was formed to design and implement an institution-wide faculty mentoring program across all colleges at an academic health center. The authors conducted an experimental study of the impact of the mentoring program using pre-intervention (2011) and 6-year (2017) post-intervention faculty surveys that measured the long-term effectiveness of the program. Results The percent of faculty who responded to the surveys was 45.9% (656/1428) in 2011 and 40.2% (706/1756) in 2017. For faculty below the rank of full professor, percent of faculty with a mentor (45.3% vs. 67.1%, P < 0.001), familiarity with promotion criteria (81.7% vs. 90.0%, P = 0.001), and satisfaction with department's support of career (75.6% vs. 84.7%, P = 0.002) improved. The percent of full professors serving as mentors also increased from 50.3% in 2011 to 68.0% in 2017 (P = 0.002). However, the percent of non-retiring faculty considering leaving the institution over the next 2 years increased from 18.8% in 2011 to 24.3% in 2017 (P = 0.02). Conclusions Implementation of an institution-wide faculty mentoring program significantly improved metrics of career development and faculty satisfaction but was not associated with a reduction in the percent of faculty considering leaving the institution. This suggests the need for additional efforts to identify and limit factors driving faculty turnover.
Disparities in DSM-5 defined eating disorders by sexual orientation among U.S. adults.

Objective The increased occurrence of disordered eating behaviors among sexual minorities is well established; however, few studies have examined disparities in eating disorder diagnoses among this population. This study sought to examine lifetime prevalence estimates of DSM-5 defined EDs, including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) as a function of sexual orientation. We then compared prevalence of EDs based on experiences with perceived discrimination. Method A nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 35,995) participating in the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III completed structured diagnostic interviews. Results Prevalence rates were significantly higher among sexual minorities than heterosexual respondents for all EDs: AN = 1.71% (SE = 0.50) versus 0.77% (SE = 0.07), BN = 1.25% (SE = 0.37) versus 0.24% (SE = 0.03), BED = 2.17% (SE = 0.52) versus 0.81% (SE = 0.05). Odds of lifetime diagnosis were significantly greater among sexual minorities for AN (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.93), BN (AOR = 3.69), and BED (AOR = 2.32), after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. Sexual minorities reporting experiences with perceived discrimination had significantly higher prevalence of AN than those not endorsing perceived discrimination: 3.78% (SE = 1.43) versus 0.82% (SE = 0.33); AOR = 5.06. There were no significant differences in prevalence of BN or BED by perceived discrimination. Discussion Findings indicate that sexual minorities are disproportionately affected by EDs. Further research is needed to better understand mechanisms contributing to these disparities and heightened risk for EDs.
Upper Elementary School Students’ Attitudes Toward Physical Education in Skill-Themes and Multiactivity Approaches

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the physical education curricular approach used in teaching upper elementary school students on students’ attitude toward physical education. An Approach Guide was developed to assist in categorizing school approaches as skill-themes (ST) or multiactivity (MA). Twenty schools meeting designated participation criteria were selected. An attitude instrument (Phillips & Silverman, 2012) was administered to fourth- or fifth-grade students (N = 313) in physical education classes in schools, 10 schools in each approach category. Multivariate analyses of variance were performed with the class as the unit of analysis for attitude sub-factor variables and attitude main factors, each using approach as the independent variable. A t-test was completed for overall attitude between the two approaches. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the sub-factors, main factors, and total attitude by curriculum, school, grade, gender, and approach. Analyses suggest that fourth- and fifth-grade students enjoy physical education and think it is important. No significant differences were found between grades, genders, or approaches. The range of attitude scores within the schools was wider in the MA approach than in the ST approach and may be a result of teacher influence. Larger standard deviations within schools using the MA approach may also indicate more varied attitudes toward physical education than in schools using the ST approach. Subscribe to TPE
Patients undergoing interventions for claudication experience low perioperative morbidity but are at risk for worsening functional status and limb loss

Abstract Objective Interventional approaches to managing intermittent claudication vary widely. According to Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines, any invasive treatment of claudication must offer long-term benefit at low risk of complications. Our aim was to evaluate contemporary claudication intervention patterns and functional outcomes. Methods The Vascular Study Group of New England database (2003-2018) was queried for peripheral vascular interventions (PVIs), infrainguinal bypasses, and suprainguinal bypasses for claudication. Perioperative and 1-year outcomes were evaluated. Results There were 7051 PVIs, 2527 infrainguinal bypasses, and 849 suprainguinal bypasses performed for claudication. Treatment levels were iliac (52.2%), femoral-popliteal (54%), and tibial (5.7%). Isolated tibial interventions were completed in 1.7% of patients. Infrainguinal bypasses were most often to the popliteal artery (81.2%); however, in 18.8% of cases, bypasses were to tibial targets. Suprainguinal bypasses originated primarily from the abdominal aorta (88.6%) but also from the axillary artery (10.6%) and thoracic aorta (0.8%). Common perioperative complications were access site hematoma in 4.9% of PVIs and cardiac complications in 3.7% of infrainguinal bypasses and 11.3% of suprainguinal bypasses. Overall, 30-day mortality was 0.4% to 2%. After 1 year, of patients initially ambulating without assistance, 2.4% to 3.6% required assistance and 0.3% to 1.3% were nonambulatory. Ipsilateral reintervention/amputation-free survival, major amputation-free survival, and survival at 1 year were 81.4% to 90.6%, 92.9% to 94.1%, and 95.3% to 97%, respectively. Conclusions Multisegment PVI was the most commonly performed intervention for claudication; however, a subset of patients received treatments supported by limited evidence, including isolated tibial PVI and bypasses with axillary inflow and tibial outflow. Interventions had low perioperative morbidity and mortality, yet patients were still at risk for worse functional status and limb loss at 1 year, emphasizing the importance of careful patient selection, medical optimization, and informed consent.
Kidney Biopsy Should Be Performed to Document the Cause of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Commentary

The debate in this issue of Kidney360 involves the role of kidney biopsy in patients with cancer who develop AKI while receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). The question is whether we need kidney tissue to diagnose the cause of AKI and guide management in these patients. Two expert onconephrologists, Ben Sprangers and Ilya Glezerman, present the pro and con sides of the debate, respectively. I will provide background on the ICPIs and their associated nephrotoxicity to lay the groundwork for the debate. The ICPIs are humanized mAbs against host immune checkpoints (CTLA-4 and PD-1 receptors and PD ligand-1) that are used to treat a number of different cancers. By attenuating the inhibitory effects of immune checkpoints on T cells, other immune cells, and cancer cells, these agents allow eradication of tumors that would otherwise evade immune destruction (1⇓⇓⇓–5). Although the ICPIs have greatly improved cancer therapy, immune-related adverse drug effects complicate their course (6,7). Extrarenal complications occur relatively commonly; however, drug nephrotoxicity is also observed (7⇓–9). In review articles containing published biopsy-proven cases, acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) is most common (51 of 90; 57%), whereas acute tubular injury (ATI; n =13), various glomerulopathies ( n =20), and other kidney lesions ( n =6) have also been described (7⇓⇓–10). In addition, patients with cancer also develop AKI that is unrelated to the ICPI-related toxicity. These include AKI from ischemic and/or nephrotoxic tubular injury, various drug- or cancer-related glomerular injuries, …
Monitoring Physiological Reactions of Construction Workers in Virtual Environment: Feasibility Study Using Noninvasive Affective Sensors

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the relevance of the physiological sensors in a virtual construction scenario to monitor the laborers’ physiological behaviors to improve the safet...
Classic Confucian Thought and Political Meritocracy: A Text-based Critique

Recent debates on Confucian meritocracy largely center around outright normative critiques rather than its textual basis. The unflattering upshot is the lack of attention to a mode of critique that scrutinizes Confucian meritocracy by questioning the way meritocrats invoke Confucian concepts and values. Focusing on three meritocrats—Bai Tongdong 白彤東, Daniel A. Bell, and Kang Xiaoguang 康曉光, this article ventures a text-based normative approach by examining continuities and ruptures between core meritocratic arguments they make, and the messages conveyed by Confucian masters. The core argument that I advance is that the meritocratic thesis about the political division of labor does not mesh with the classic Confucian understandings of voluntariness and political authority, which generates uneasy normative consequences for Confucian meritocracy. Ultimately, classic Confucianism does not provide a conceptually secure platform for the meritocratic part of Confucian meritocracy as its ardent advocates claim.
Automation and the City: Constant’s New Babylon (1959 – 1974)

From 1959 to 1974, Constant Anton Nieuwenhuys developed New Babylon, a speculative city for a future society in which automation would free human life to dedicate itself to creativity, collectivity and play. This essay examines Constant’s thinking about automation and the city. Departing from Constant’s own writings, it argues that automation was not only an economic premise but also, and more importantly, a creative condition of future urban environments. As such it required a re-conceptualisation of the collective habitat. Constant’s vision, a critique of functionalist modern urbanism, imagined the city as a ‘complete environment’, part of an extended and dynamic activity that involved its inhabitants. The speculative framework of this essay wishes to situate New Babylon within the broader discourses of automation and cybernetics that dominated the cultural and scientific arena of the post-war period in the United States and Europe, as well as within the diverse genealogies and theoretical entanglements of these terrains.
Method and Application of Power Grid Model Management based on Blockchain

The power grid dispatching control platform has established a set of unified model structure, and formed a complete set of whole network model data maintenance process. However, the existing model maintenance methods have long model synchronization and subscription process and poor timeliness, so it is difficult to ensure the consistency of the model; In the process of synchronization, collection and subscription, there is a lack of supervision mechanism, which may lead to problems such as incorrect deletion and modification, and it is difficult to quickly locate the operation time, personnel and other information; In addition, due to the low frequency of periodic backup of model data, it is difficult to accurately obtain the whole network model data at a specific historical moment, and it is difficult to support the data requirements of big data analysis and mining applications such as power grid post accident assessment and fault warning. In this paper, a power grid model management method based on blockchain is proposed. By using the characteristics of blockchain, the tamper proof and traceability of power grid model are realized, and the real-time version management of model data is realized. The effectiveness and efficiency of this method are verified in the application.
Impact of substrate composition on the morphology and conductivity of laser-crystallized silicon films

We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the morphology and conductivity of thin silicon films crystallized with a 355-nm-pulsed laser from amorphous silicon on a variety of substrates. Amorphous silicon (a-Si) films were grown through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and crystallized using a frequency-tripled Nd:YVO4 laser. The films were characterized using optical, scanning electron, and atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. To interpret the measurements, the influence of the thermal properties of the substrate material on the crystallization process was simulated by numerically solving the heat diffusion equation in response to individual laser pulses. In contrast to the simulations, our measurements show a much stronger dependence of the electronic and morphological characteristics of the films on the nature of the underlying material, which we interpret through variations in the wettability of liquid silicon (L-Si) on the substrate.
Relativistic ground-state energy eigenvalues of an electrondipole system

Relativistic corrections to the ground-state energy eigenvalues of an electron in the field, of a stationary, finite electric dipole have been calculated to order α2 (α = fine-structure constant). Relativistic terms in the Hamiltonian that arise from the Dirac equation are treated as a perturbation of the nonrelativistic Schrodinger equation, which has been solved previously. At large values of the dipole moment D =eR, where —e = electronic charge andR = separation of dipole charges in Bohr radii α0, the relativistic correction approaches the hydrogenie limit —(α2/4) Ryd. The magnitude of the correction decreases monotonically to zero asD decreases from very large values to the minimum value,D = 0.639, required nonrelativistically for electronic binding. The relative magnitude of the correction, however, is largest in the regionD = 1.2ea0. The critical valueD = 0.639ea0 is also apparently implied by the Dirac equation.
USING INTERNATIONAL VIDEOCONFERENCING TO PROVIDE STAFF TRAINING ON FUNCTIONAL BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT

Videoconferencing has been successfully implemented to teach functional analysis (FA) procedures to service providers who support individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the acquisition of the competencies for implementing FA methodology for special education teachers after participation in a group-format workshop via a videoconferencing program in which the training site and the remote site were located on different continents, connected through the internet. Four special education teachers in Saudi Arabia who did not have previous exposure to functional behavior assessment participated in the study. Teachers received 3 h of group-format training via Skype followed by individualized feedback. Training involved role-playing, video modeling, and reading materials. Results indicate that all four participants mastered the skills across at least two of the conditions with one participant demonstrating mastery across all four conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood Cell: Lineage Restriction

Blood cell lineage restriction is a series of processes by which different blood cell lineages are produced from a population of multipotential cells. These processes involve cell proliferation and cell differentiation and are believed to repeat early embryonic processes of blood cell formation. Keywords: erythrocytes; myeloid; haemangioblasts; stem cell; ventral mesoderm; platelets; macrophages; granulocytes; GATA; FOG; cytokines; SCL; VEGF; TGF-β; BMP-4
"Truth Does Not Contradict Truth": Averroes and the Unity of Truth

Etude de la connexion entre philosophie et religion etablie par Averroes dans son «Traite decisif», a partir d'une interpretation de la loi religieuse a la lumiere de la sagesse aristotelicienne. En reference au principe de l'unite de la verite, l'A. montre qu'Averroes developpe une dialectique historique entre le rationalisme et l'optimisme epistemologique, d'une part, et la lecture fideiste des Ecritures saintes, d'autre part.