cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5455: Differential regulation of E2A (TCF3) by androgens in prostate cancer cells.

Introduction: E2A (TCF3) is a multifunctional basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factor. E2A promotes cell differentiation, acts as a negative regulator of cell proliferation in normal cells and cancer cell lines and is required for normal B-cell development. Previous studies from our laboratory has shown that E2A expression is highly increased in prostate cancer as compared to normal prostate and that it acts as a tumor promoter in prostate cancer. Given the diverse biological pathways regulated/ influenced by E2A little is known about its regulation in prostate cancer. Experimental design: E2A expression in androgen sensitive LNCaP and insensitive C81 prostate cancer cell lines was determined by western blot after treatments with androgen receptor (AR) agonist R1881 and antagonist casodex. Putative Androgen Response Elements (ARE) were identified in the first intronic region of the E2A gene using some of the online bioinformatics tools and confirmed by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with AR antibody and Luciferase reporter assays on the above mentioned cell lines after treatments with R1881 and casodex. Results: E2A expression was found to increase with the increasing aggrasiveness of prostate cancer cell lines as compared to normal prostate epithelial cell line RWPE1. When androgen responsive cell line LNCaP was treated with R1881 there was an increased expression of E2A which decreased upon treatment with antiandrogen casodex whereas the E2A expression remained unaltered upon similar treatments in androgen insensitive cell line C81. The first intronic region of the E2A gene was predicted to contain two putative ARE sites. ChIP after treatment of LNCaP and C81 cells with R1881 and casodex showed that the intronic region was bound by AR in LNCaP cells only in the presence of R1881, whereas C81 cells showed a pulldown with AR in presence as well as absence of R1881. Similar results were observed in luciferase reporter assays indicating that E2A is transactivated by AR in LNCaP cell lines whereas it is independent of androgens in C81 cell line. Furthermore, Luciferase reporter assays also confirmed that only one of the two predicted putative AREs was functionally active and responsible for the androgen mediated regulation of E2A. Conclusion: Our results indicate that E2A is differentially regulated in Prostate cancer cell lines. The increased expression of E2A and its role as a tumor promoter in prostate cancer cell lines may be contributed to its loss of androgen dependence as is evident in its progression from androgen dependent LNCaP to independent C81 cells. Acknowledgements: This study was supported by NIH/NCI RO1 CA128914 and NIH/NCRR/RCMI G12RR03062. Citation Format: Divya Patel, Jaideep Chaudhary. Differential regulation of E2A (TCF3) by androgens in prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5455. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5455
Food intake following blood mixing of hungry and satiated rats

The milk intake of food deprived and satiated rats was measured following the complete mixing of their blood by a new technique. It was found that this procedure neither decreased the subsequent intake of the deprived animals nor increased the intake of satiated animals.
Kai, M. Roles of RNA-Binding Proteins in DNA Damage Response. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 310.

The author would like to insert the citation after the following sentence, “These RBPs are detected on laser trackswithin one minute after laser irradiation, and are excluded from the laser tracks shortly (within 10–15 min, depending on conditions of laser irradiation) [1]”, in the paper published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences [2].[...]
Simultaneous Determination of Seven Estrogens Residues in Milk Using Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To develop a detection method for simultaneous determination of 7 estrogens,including estriol,17β-estradiol,17α-ethinylestradiol,estrone,diethylstilbestrol,dienestrol and hexoestrol in milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Methods The milk sample was dispersed by water,and then the analytes were extracted with acetonitrile.The lipids in the extract solution were removed by n-hexane,and the analytes were purified by NH2 extraction cartridges.The separation was performed on an Atlantis T3 column.Determination was operated by electrospry ionization mass spectrometry in negative mode using multiple reaction monitoring(MRM).The isotope internal standard was applied in the quantification of estrogens.Results Good linearity was found in a range of 1.0-50 μg/L,with the correlation coefficients of above 0.998.The limits of detection(LOD) and quantitation(LOQ) were 0.1-0.3 μg/kg and 0.2-0.9 μg/kg,respectively.The average recoveries of the 7 estrogens were 75.3%-120.0% at the concentrations of 1,10 and 50 μg/kg,with the relative standard deviation(RSD) of 3.4%-19.6%.Conclusions This method established is accurate,sensitive,rapid and easy to operate.It is feasible for simultaneous and rapid determination of estrogens in milk.
Breeding of Indica CMS Line Bing 1 A with Blast Resistance,Good Grain Quality and Wide Adaptability in Rice

Bing 1 A,derived from the cross of Zi 100B and Ⅱ-32B and its testcross to Zi 100A,is a new indica WA-type CMS line in rice.It is characteristic of good plant type,blast resistance,good stress tolerance,high combining ability,good grain quality and high outcrossing rate.It was certified by the Crop Variety Appraisal Committee of Hunan Province in April,2010.The breeding procedure,characteristics and performance of F1 hybrids of Bing 1 A were introduced in detail.Besides,the key technical points of its multiplication and hybrid seed production were summarized.
DISCUSS ON THE MUTUAL RELATIONSHIP OF ECONOMY BETWEEN THE RESOURCES-BASED ENTERPRISES AND LOCAL REGIONS AND THE STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

It is a common phenomenon of economic development all over the world that the development of the resources-based enterprises an d local regional economy turns from prosperity to decline with resources exhaust ed. It is frequently appears that the resources-based cities shall be met in domestic and abroad that the economy of th e resources-based enterprises and the local regions become decline with resourc es exhausted, or open up a new way turns to the government.The paper puts forwar d countermeasures to support the cities and regions that mainly rely on resourc es exploitation to develop superseding industries. It shows clearly the direct ion for sustainable development of the resources-based enterprises and local e conomy.
Significance of graphitic surfaces in aurodicyanide adsorption by activated carbon: Experimental and computational approach

Despite tremendous developments in industrial use of activated carbon (AC) for gold adsorption, specific aurodicyanide [Au(CN)2-] adsorption sites on the carbon have intrigued researchers. The graphitic structure of AC has been well established. Previously radiochemical and now, XPS and Raman characterizations have demonstrated higher site-specific gold adsorption on graphitic edges. Morphological characterizations have revealed the presence of slit-pores (5–10 A). Molecular-dynamics-simulation (MDS) performed on graphitic slit-pores illustrated gold-cyanide ion-pair preferentially adsorbs on edges. Ab-initio simulations predicted lower barrier for electron sharing in pores with aurodic yanide, indicating tighter bonding than graphitic surface and was well supported by Gibbs energy calculations too. Interaction energy as function of the separation distance indicated tighter bonding of gold cyanide to the graphite edges than water molecules. Selective adsorption of aurodicyanide ion-pair seems to be related to low polarity of gold complex and its accommodation at graphitic edges.
Marijuana Legalization and Parents' Attitudes, Use, and Parenting in Washington State.

Abstract Purpose The recent legalization of nonmedical marijuana use in several U.S. states has unknown implications for those who are actively parenting. This study examined parents' reactions to marijuana legalization and changes in attitudes and behaviors over time. Methods Data were from a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse sample of 395 parents in Washington State who were participating in the longitudinal Seattle Social Development Project. Participants were interviewed 15 times between 1985 (age 10) and 2014 (age 39). Adult nonmedical marijuana use was legalized in Washington in 2012 and retail outlets opened in 2014. Results Results showed (1) one third of parents incorrectly believed the legal age of nonmedical marijuana use to be 18; (2) significant increase in approval of adult marijuana use and decrease in perceived harm of regular use; (3) wide opposition to teen use and use around one's children; and (4) substantial increases in frequency of use and marijuana use disorder among parents who used. Conclusions Despite increased acceptance and frequency of adult use, parents remain widely opposed to teen use but need facts and strategies for talking with their children about marijuana.
Anterior Segment Imaging in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Recent advances in anterior segment imaging have transformed the way ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is diagnosed and monitored. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) has been reported to be useful primarily in the assessment of intraocular invasion and metastasis. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) shows enlarged and irregular nuclei with hyperreflective cells in OSSN lesions and this has been found to correlate with histopathology findings. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) demonstrates thickened hyperreflective epithelium with an abrupt transition between abnormal and normal epithelium in OSSN lesions and this has also been shown to mimic histopathology findings. Although there are limitations to each of these imaging modalities, they can be useful adjunctive tools in the diagnosis of OSSN and could greatly assist the clinician in the management of OSSN patients. Nevertheless, anterior segment imaging has not replaced histopathology's role as the gold standard in confirming diagnosis.
An effective method for calculation of corner stresses with applications to plastic IC packages

Plastic IC packages are usually composite components made of multiple bonded materials with different mechanical and thermal properties. High stresses often occur around corners between different components within the packages where discontinuities of geometry or material properties are present. Delaminations usually initiate from these corners when packages undergo adverse thermal or moisture environments. Hence, in order to prevent delaminations from occurring and to improve package reliability performance, it is crucial to accurately and efficiently evaluate the stresses at corners within the package. However, with conventional finite element methods, it is always a challenge to give an accurate description of the stresses at the corners since these corners represent stress singularity points. An effective method is developed to precisely evaluate the stresses at the internal corners within the packages. A new variable-order singular boundary element is constructed with a built-in accurate description of the stresses at the corner. The boundary element method is adopted combined with the constructed variable-order singular element. This method is versatile for solving general corner problems involving wedges, two-material and three-material corners and interfacial cracks that are common in the IC packages. This method is verified by solving a bimaterial interface crack problem with known solution. Comparisons are made with other conventional methods, like displacement-based quarter-point singular elements and normal quadratic elements, on the calculation of interfacial stress intensity factors. Results show that the new method has significant advantages in giving more accurate results with much less computational resources needed. The new method is applied to a typical plastic IC package with multiple internal corners and interface cracks. The stress fields at these corners are calculated. The strain energy density distribution is also obtained from the results of stress fields. The possible failure sites and failure modes within the package are predicted and the results agree well with package evaluations done in the industry.
DAFA: Distributed Application Flow Analyzer

This paper presents a new family of tools developed for application performance analysis via TCP flow analysis in N-tier application domains. Given the application flow signature the DAFA (distributed application flow analyzer) monitors TCP flows and maps the transactions observed over the network to the application flow signature provided. The DAFA offers the groundwork for application flow signature discovery by mapping the interconnected TCP sessions of an N-tier application. The DAFA also provides unique statistical data pertaining to the network traffic generated by these networked applications. The ability to map TCP flows over the application signature enables one to better estimate the bottlenecks in network and application deployment
Anchoring in ecosystemic kinds

The world contains many different types of ecosystems. This is something of a commonplace in biology and conservation science. But there has been little attention to the question of whether such ecosystem types enjoy a degree of objectivity—whether they might be natural kinds. I argue that traditional accounts of natural kinds that emphasize nomic or causal–mechanistic dimensions of “kindhood” are ill-equipped to accommodate presumptive ecosystemic kinds. In particular, unlike many other kinds, ecosystemic kinds are “anchored” to the contingent character of species and higher taxa and their abiotic environments. Drawing on Slater (Br J Philos Sci 66(2):375–411, 2015a), I show how we can nevertheless make room for such contingent anchoring in an account of natural kinds of ecosystems kinds.
Foraging in an unsteady world: bumblebee flight performance in field-realistic turbulence.

Natural environments are characterized by variable wind that can pose significant challenges for flying animals and robots. However, our understanding of the flow conditions that animals experience outdoors and how these impact flight performance remains limited. Here, we combine laboratory and field experiments to characterize wind conditions encountered by foraging bumblebees in outdoor environments and test the effects of these conditions on flight. We used radio-frequency tags to track foraging activity of uniquely identified bumblebee ( Bombus impatiens ) workers, while simultaneously recording local wind flows. Despite being subjected to a wide range of speeds and turbulence intensities, we find that bees do not avoid foraging in windy conditions. We then examined the impacts of turbulence on bumblebee flight in a wind tunnel. Rolling instabilities increased in turbulence, but only at higher wind speeds. Bees displayed higher mean wingbeat frequency and stroke amplitude in these conditions, as well as increased asymmetry in stroke amplitude—suggesting that bees employ an array of active responses to enable flight in turbulence, which may increase the energetic cost of flight. Our results provide the first direct evidence that moderate, environmentally relevant turbulence affects insect flight performance, and suggest that flying insects use diverse mechanisms to cope with these instabilities.
Bridging the Divide With SoTL: Connecting Knowledge With Best Practice in Communication Disorders

In this article, a model of evidence-based practice is presented that engaged graduate students and instructors from the discipline of communication sciences and disorders (CSD) in evidence-based e...
Design of Clinical Studies in Early Development

There is growing philosophy in the realm of drug discovery that rapid feedback from strategic and tactical early clinical studies is one of the most vital components to optimizing the cycle of successful drug design. The current early development paradigms however do not always support the rapid relay of this vital clincal information to early drug discovery teams. Several industrial, government and academic initiatives are underway to improve the efficiency of the discovery to clinical information feedback loop, thereby increasing the number of drug therapies ultimately commercialized. Success will lie in early, proactive clinical biomarker and diagnostics identification and/or co-development, an early and sustained focus on predictive model development, application of early, adaptive clinical design strategies, and the use of fully integrated information technology (IT) and knowledge management (KM) systems.
Half views and autokinetic effect

This report describes several methods of studying the auto-kinetic ( A-K ) phenomenon for which a dark room is not necessary and for which the apparatus consists essentially of a cardboard box or cardboard tube. These methods serve to externalize the A-K effect; i.e., A-K takes place in a room which may be illuminated so that its walls and even objects in it are seen by Ss. The externalization of A-K permits objective measurement of the amount of the movement. This procedure is quite different from the usual method of studying A-K where the “illusion disappears if the surface of the room becomes even slightly visible” (Gibson, 1954, p. 308). The method makes it possible to use the A-K for laboratory or class room demonstration. It also lends itself to what we have called a phenomenon-centered variational approach. This report presents several exploratory studies made in line with such an approach. In these experiments we used three to six Ss of whom at least two were naive with respect to the phenomena and to the problems and theories of apparent movement. The results are related to problems of motion, binocular vision, space perception, spatial orientation, and the Gestalt laws of perceptual organization.
Cytoreductive nephrectomy: A medical oncologist’s perspective

The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) was firmly established in the cytokine era on the basis of 2 randomized studies employing adjunctive interferon therapy. However, systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma has evolved markedly over the past decade, with targeted therapies representing the standard of care in the front-line setting. The preponderance of retrospective data generated to date appears to suggest that the benefit of CN is maintained in the targeted therapy era. However, these studies are inherently prone to selection bias and cannot substitute prospective evidence. Herein, we discuss ongoing prospective studies evaluating CN and propose novel strategies to evaluate this surgical technique in the context of an evolving therapeutic landscape.
Incorporating Laboratory Experiments in an Introductory Statistics Course

Laboratory experiments using spectrophotometers and pH meters were incorporated into an undergraduate introductory statistics course in order to create an interdisciplinary approach of teaching sta...
Cell-Cycle-Specific Function of p53 in Fanconi Anemia Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Proliferation.

Summary Overactive p53 has been proposed as an important pathophysiological factor for bone marrow failure syndromes, including Fanconi anemia (FA). Here, we report a p53-dependent effect on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation in mice deficient for the FA gene Fanca . Deletion of p53 in Fanca −/− mice leads to replicative exhaustion of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in transplant recipients. Using Fanca −/− HSCs expressing the separation-of-function mutant p53 515C transgene, which selectively impairs the p53 function in apoptosis but keeps its cell-cycle checkpoint activities intact, we show that the p53 cell-cycle function is specifically required for the regulation of Fanca −/− HSC proliferation. Our results demonstrate that p53 plays a compensatory role in preventing FA HSCs from replicative exhaustion and suggest a cautious approach to manipulating p53 signaling as a therapeutic utility in FA.
Hepatic Transport of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Conjugates: A Mechanism of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Delivery to the Intestinal Tract

Vitamin D3 is an important prohormone critical for maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body and regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3), the most abundant circulating metabolite of vitamin D3, is further transformed to the biologically active metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3) by CYP27B1 in the kidney and extrarenal tissues, and to nonactive metabolites by other cytochrome P450 enzymes. In addition, 25OHD3 undergoes sulfation and glucuronidation in the liver, forming two major conjugative metabolites, 25OHD3-3-O-sulfate (25OHD3-S) and 25OHD3-3-O-glucuronide (25OHD3-G), both of which were detected in human blood and bile. Considering that the conjugates excreted into the bile may be circulated to and reabsorbed from the intestinal lumen, deconjugated to 25OHD3, and then converted to 1α,25-(OH)2D3, exerting local intestinal cellular effects, it is crucial to characterize enterohepatic transport mechanisms of 25OHD3-S and 25OHD3-G, and thereby understand and predict mechanisms of interindividual variability in mineral homeostasis. In the present study, with plasma membrane vesicle and cell-based transport studies, we showed that 25OHD3-G is a substrate of multidrug resistance proteins 2 and 3, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3, and that 25OHD3-S is probably a substrate of breast cancer resistance protein, OATP2B1, and OATP1B3. We also demonstrated sinusoidal and canalicular efflux of both conjugates using sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes. Given substantial expression of these transporters in liver hepatocytes and intestinal enterocytes, this study demonstrates for the first time that transporters could play important roles in the enterohepatic circulation of 25OHD3 conjugates, providing an alternative pathway of 25OHD3 delivery to the intestinal tract, which could be critical for vitamin D receptor-dependent gene regulation in enterocytes.
Rare Earth Geochemistry of Iceland Basalts: Spatial and Temporal Variations

There is a progressive secular decline in light-RE enrichment from Tertiary to Present, similar to that previously observed on the Faeroes 50–60mybp. Light-RE depleted oceanic type patterns appear on Iceland only within the last 0.7my. These results suggest pulsating mantle plume activity with time and provide further support to the blob model previously proposed for the origin of the Faeroes-Iceland-Greenland Ridge. Available Sr and Nd isotopic data are consistent with the model.
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis with late-onset Henoch-Schönlein purpura after trifluridine/tipiracil treatment.

Trifluridine/tipiracil has been approved for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Adverse effects of this drug combination include leukopenia, neutropenia, fatigue, diarrhea, and vomiting. We present a case of trifluridine/tipiracil-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) with late-onset Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) in a 42-year-old man with metastatic appendiceal cancer. The patient's biopsy-proven LCV developed one month after he began trifluridine/tipiracil treatment and resolved after discontinuation of the drug. He presented to the emergency department two months after the appearance of his LCV with shortness of breath, elevated blood pressure, elevated creatinine, hematuria, and proteinuria. A kidney biopsy was performed and the presence of IgA deposits and cellular crescents indicated rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis secondary to Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Neither LCV nor HSP have been reported as adverse effects of trifluridine/tipiracil treatment. Malignancy as a cause of our patient's HSP is another possibility. The delay between our patient's skin findings and acute renal failure indicates that suspected HSP should be monitored by urinalysis for a period of time owing to the risk of life-threatening renal disease.
Audit Firm Reputation and Client Stock Returns: Evidence from Envelopegate

“Envelopegate” is a term coined by social media users to describe PwC’s non-audit service failure that occurred during the 2017 Academy Awards ceremony (“the Oscars”). For PwC, the error was a public blunder that resulted in unprecedented negative publicity. Envelopegate provides a unique shock to test whether damage from non-audit service failures can spillover to impact an audit firm’s reputation among investors. Using intraday and daily client stock returns, we find a significant negative market response to PwC audit clients within the first 60 seconds of trading on the day following Envelopegate. This effect persists throughout the week and is driven by clients with higher demand for auditor reputation. Results suggest that reputational damage was inflicted at the firm level, with no indication that market effects are driven by any specific region or industry. Overall, we provide evidence that audit firm reputations are vulnerable to non-audit service failures.
Semantic representation

In recent years, there has been renewed interest in the NLP community in genuine language understanding and dialogue. Thus the long-standing issue of how the semantic content of language should be represented is reentering the communal discussion. This paper provides a brief "opinionated survey" of broad-coverage semantic representation (SR). It suggests multiple desiderata for such representations, and then outlines more than a dozen approaches to SR-some longstanding, and some more recent, providing quick characterizations, pros, cons, and some comments on implementations.
Quitline program utilization and cessation outcomes: A comparison of provider-referred clients by healthcare settings.

Abstract US Public Health Service guidelines recommend that healthcare providers assess patients for tobacco use and refer tobacco users to cessation services (e.g., quitlines). However, once referred, little is known on how program outcomes for referred tobacco users vary across healthcare settings. To examine differences in program enrollment, dropout at follow-up, utilization (number of coaching sessions and nicotine replacement therapy use), and quit outcomes among tobacco users referred across settings to a state quitline. In a retrospective analysis of clients referred to the quitline (January 2011–June 2016), referrals were categorized into six settings: general medical practice (reference group), acute care hospitals, behavioral health, federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), county health departments, and specialty clinics. Outcome variables included enrollment, dropout, program utilization, and 30-day tobacco abstinence at 7-month follow-up. Compared to medical practices, clients referred from behavioral health were less likely to enroll in services (OR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.76, 0.87), less likely to report using NRT in-program (OR = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.42, 0.62), and along with clients referred from FQHCs (OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.64, 0.94) were less likely to be quit at follow-up (OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.59, 0.92). Clients referred from acute care hospitals were less likely to enroll in services (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.56, 0.64) and were more likely to drop-out of cessation services (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.00–1.26). Findings reflect the need for better tailoring of messages for tobacco assessment within specific healthcare settings while bolstering behavioral counseling that quitlines provide to increase enrollment, engagement, and retention in tobacco cessation services.
Seasonal and diurnal relationship of forage nutritive value and mass in a tall fescue pasture under continuous stocking

Monitoring forage mass and nutritive value of pastures are encouraged to ensure adequate and efficient grazing management. For on‐farm monitoring, reliable instruments such as the rising plate meter (RPM) are useful and easy to achieve. The objective of this research was to verify the relationship between measurements of RPM (MRPM) to forage nutritive value based on seasonal and diurnal changes within a tall fescue sward under continuous stocking management. The study was conducted at the Plateau AgResearch and Education Center in Crossville, TN, from January 2015 to December 2016. The experiment was conducted in two 9‐hectare pastures consisting of a tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons., formerly Festuca arundinacea Schreb.] sward. During the 12‐month grazing period each year, total aboveground available forage was measured monthly in each pasture with a calibrated RPM. In addition, each month, several randomly placed 1‐m² sample areas were collected at 7 a.m., 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 4 p.m. to characterize forage nutritive value. Neutral detergent fiber, crude protein and in vitro total dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) were predicted by means of near‐infrared spectroscopy. During the entire year of 2015, all correlation coefficients of forage nutritive value variables with MRPM were significant. However, in 2016, only IVTDMD showed a significant correlation with MRPM. Of the nutritive value variables, we chose to focus on the IVTDMD and MRPM relationship because it had one of the highest correlations for most seasons and different times of day, especially in 2015. There was a strong relationship between RPM measurements of herbage mass with IVTDMD, and this relationship is especially useful during the spring, where rapid growth is occurring. The same relationship was not found to be consistent during periods of slow forage growth, especially if recovering from a drought event.
Integrated Framework for Risk and Resilience Assessment of the Road Network under Inland Flooding

A transportation network facilitates the connectivity of local residential areas, improves capability for movement of goods, and contributes to economic development. Recent flooding events in the U...
Training and Deriving Precalculus Relations: A Small-Group, Web-Interactive Approach

A small-group, web-interactive approach to teaching precalculus concepts was investigated. Following an online pretest, 3 participants were given a brief (15 min) presentation on the details of reciprocal math relations and how they operate on the coordinate axes. During baseline, participants were tested regarding their ability to construct formulas for a diversified series of graphs. This was followed by online, construction-based, small-group training procedures focusing on the construction of mathematical functions and a test of novel relations. Participants then received group training in accordance with frames of coordination (same as) and frames of opposition (reciprocal of) formula- to-graph relations. Online assessment indicated that participants showed substantial improvement over baseline and pretest performances. This was true even though, during the tests of novel relations, graphs were displayed with scattered data points instead of solid lines on the coordinate axes. Although one participant was unable to complete the second half of the experiment, we were able to train this small group employing approximately the same number of exposures needed for individual training in previous research.
Aspergillus fumigatus–Secreted Alkaline Protease 1 Mediates Airways Hyperresponsiveness in Severe Asthma

The hallmark features of allergic asthma are type 2 (eosinophilic) inflammation and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Although these features often comanifest in mouse lungs in vivo, we demonstrate in this study that the serine protease Alp1 from the ubiquitous mold and allergen, Aspergillus fumigatus, can induce AHR in mice unable to generate eosinophilic inflammation. Strikingly, Alp1 induced AHR in mice devoid of protease-activated receptor 2/F2 trypsin-like receptor 1 (PAR2/F2RL1), a receptor expressed in lung epithelium that is critical for allergic responses to protease-containing allergens. Instead, using precision-cut lung slices and human airway smooth muscle cells, we demonstrate that Alp1 directly increased contractile force. Taken together, these findings suggest that Alp1 induces bronchoconstriction through mechanisms that are largely independent of allergic inflammation and point to a new target for direct intervention of fungal-associated asthma.
Aerosol-Phase Synthesis and Processing of Luminescent Silicon Nanocrystals.

Silicon quantum dots are attractive materials for luminescent devices and bioimaging applications. For these light-emitting applications, higher photoluminescence efficiency is desired in order to achieve better device performance. Nonthermal plasma synthesis successfully allows for the continuous production of silicon nanocrystals, but postprocessing is necessary to improve photoluminescence quantum yields so that nanocrystals can be used for luminescence applications. In this work, we demonstrate an all-aerosol-phase synthesis and processing route that integrates nonthermal plasma synthesis, plasma-assisted surface functionalization with alkene ligands, and in-flight annealing within one flow stream. Here, luminescent silicon nanocrystals are synthesized and postprocessed on a time scale of only 100 ms, which is orders of magnitude faster than previous synthesis and functionalization schemes. The as-produced silicon nanocrystals have photoluminescence quantum yields exceeding 20%, which is a 5-fold incr...
A retrospective review of trampoline-related injuries presenting to a paediatric emergency department in Singapore.

INTRODUCTION Trampolining is a popular activity. However, to our knowledge, no studies on paediatric trampoline-related injuries (TRIs) have been conducted in Asia. We aimed to provide an Asian perspective on paediatric TRIs and evaluate current safety measures. METHODS Patients aged under 16 years who presented to the emergency department at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from March 2012 to June 2016 with a TRI were identified from the National Trauma Registry. Data was collated retrospectively focusing on age, location of the trampoline, mechanism and location of injury, treatment, disposition, and follow-up treatment. RESULTS 137 children were seen for a TRI during this period. There was even representation across age groups (< 6 years, 6-11 years and 11-16 years). 60.6% of these injuries occurred in a public trampoline park, and a smaller proportion involved home and school trampolines. 61.3% of injuries occurred on the trampoline and 25.5% involved a fall off it, while the remaining were incurred by hitting the trampoline frame. The most common injury was soft tissue injury, followed by fractures and dislocations, of which 16.7% required surgical intervention. Most patients were discharged to an outpatient clinic. 14.6% of all patients required admission and 9.5% eventually required surgical intervention. There were three stable head injuries and no cervical spine injuries or deaths. CONCLUSION The existence of trampoline parks has contributed to a rise in TRIs. We recommend measures such as general education, changes in the setup around the trampoline, increasing the age limit for trampolining, adult supervision and discouraging double bouncing.
Correction of a vertex encephalocele related to amniotic band syndrome.

An encephalocele is a neural tube defect characterised by the displacement of cranial contents outside of the skull. Often, these congenital malformations are due to a primary axial mesodermal defect and occur in 0.8–3.0 of 10 000 live births.[1 2][1] In rare cases, encephaloceles are
Matters of participation: notes on the study of dignity and learning

Meaningful participation (i.e., substantive involvement in socially vital activities) and educational dignity (i.e., the multifaceted sense of a person’s value generated via substantive intra- and ...
Infantile fibrosarcoma with a novel RAF1 rearrangement: The contemporary challenge of reconciling classic morphology with novel molecular genetics

Abstract Since the discovery of the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion in infantile fibrosarcoma two decades ago, it has become an important diagnostic marker because it is found in the majority of cases. However, the development of new molecular tests, including next generation sequencing, has uncovered additional gene fusions and other oncogenic mutations in tumors with the clinical and morphologic features of infantile fibrosarcoma. We present a case of infantile fibrosarcoma harboring a novel BMPR1A-RAF1 fusion and having a favorable outcome 6 years after surgery. This new structural alteration adds to the list of genetic aberrations in infantile fibrosarcoma and provides another example of the challenge of reconciling classic morphology with novel molecular genetics.
Problem-Solving Behavior: The ABC’s of Behavior

This chapter will provide the foundation for how young children learn from a behavioral perspective. Behaviors develop from birth onward and are learned by social imitation and environmental feedback. Everyday experiences shape children’s behavior and teach them how to interact with their world and with others. Using behavioral learning theory as a guide, early interventionists can help families teach children new skills and eliminate undesired behaviors. All behavior is thought to have meaning, which is referred to as “function.” This chapter will also present a guiding framework for problem-solving behavior, which ultimately reveals the underlying purpose or function to young children’s behavior. Often times, young children use behavior as a means to communicate their wants and needs. Careful observation of behavior can help early interventionists and caregivers understand what children are communicating through their actions and, thus, develop well-matched intervention plans to improve development.
Giant Sensitivity through Fully-Passive and Chip-Less Parametric Temperature Sensors

In this work, we present a new passive and batteryless temperature (T ) sensor, leveraging the unique dynamics of a varactor-based parametric frequency divider (PFD) to boost, by orders of magnitude, the temperature sensitivity attained by commercial and low-cost temperature sensitive components. We show that by including a ceramic thermistor in a PFD circuit made of off-the-shelf low-cost lumped components, the minimum PFD input power (P th ) triggering a sub-harmonic oscillation starts to depend on T . Such unexplored feature makes the generated PFD output power, at half of the driving frequency, exhibit a record-high sensitivity with respect to T that largely surpasses the maximum one attainable by operating the same thermistor in conventional read-out circuits. In order to demonstrate this unreported special operational feature, we built a PFD prototype on a Printed-Circuit-Board (PCB), operating at an input frequency of 886MHz (i.e. an output frequency of 443MHz) and strategically including a commercial thermistor in its network. Despite the fact that no supplied DC power was used, the output power of the built system showed a record-high sensitivity (up to 2.5dB/°C), thus offering exciting opportunities to attain low-cost chip-less temperature sensors for a variety of applications, ranging from smart manufacturing to environmental and agriculture monitoring.
Patterns of care for pediatric patients with newly-diagnosed grade II gliomas

We describe large-scale demographic, initial treatment, and outcomes data for pediatric grade II gliomas included in the National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2014. Our cohort included cases less than 21 years of age with pathology-confirmed disease. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the use of chemotherapy (CT) and radiation therapy (RT). Overall survival (OS) rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier estimates and the log-rank test. We identified 803 cases with astrocytoma (56.2%), oligodendroglioma (26.0%), and mixed glioma/glioma NOS (17.8%) histologies. Most cases underwent surgical resection (n = 661). Whereas cases 16 to 21 years of age were more likely than cases 0 to 5 years to receive RT (OR = 7.38, 95% CI 3.58–15.21, p < 0.001), they were less likely to receive CT (OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.22–0.52, p < 0.001). The 5-year OS rates for all cases, cases that underwent surgical resection, and cases managed with biopsy were 87.5%, 92.7%, and 63.6%, respectively. In one of the largest series of pediatric grade II gliomas, astrocytoma was the most common histology. Patterns of care and OS outcomes were similar to grade I gliomas, with surgical resection being the most common initial treatment and associated with a favorable rate of OS. Younger patients were more likely to receive post-operative CT and the use of RT increased with age.
Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease among adult Nevadans

Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of death in the US and Nevada is ranked 11th highest for CVD mortality. The study sought to examine the association between self-reported risk factors and CVD presence among adult Nevadans, between years 2011 and 2017. Methods This is a cross-sectional, population-based study that utilized the 2011 and 2017 Nevada Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data. Data were analyzed between 2019 and 2020. Results A total of 5,493 and 3,764 subjects in 2011 and 2017, respectively were included. BMI (overweight/obesity) remained the most prevalent CVD risk factor. The second most common CVD risk factor was high cholesterol, followed by hypertension. Compared to females, males were 1.64 times more likely to have reported CVD in 2011, which increased to 1.92 in 2017. Compared to non-smokers, everyday smokers were 1.96 times more likely in 2011 and 3.62 times more likely in 2017. Individuals with high cholesterol status were 2.67 times more likely to have reported CVD compared to those with normal levels in 2011. In 2011, individuals with hypertension were 3.74 times more likely to have reported CVD compared to those who did not have hypertension. This relationship increased its magnitude of risk to 6.18 times more likely in 2017. In 2011, individuals with diabetes were 2.90 times more likely to have reported CVD compared to those without the condition. Conclusions Public health and healthcare providers need to target preventable cardiovascular risk factors and develop recommendations and strategies locally, nationally, and globally.
Interrelationship of Seasons With Inflammation, Foods, Cardio-Metabolic Health, and Smoking Status Among Breast Cancer Survivors

Abstract Objectives Seasons can affect human inflammatory status and the occurrence of diseases, and foods may also have differential impacts on inflammation across seasons; however, few studies have investigated whether there are independent and joint impacts of seasons and red meat, fruit and vegetable intakes on inflammation in breast cancer survivors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study by leveraging a large cohort, the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) study. The WHEL study comprised primarily early stage breast cancer survivors and collected blood samples, dietary intake, demographic, and health status information at baseline. We selected 2919 participants who provided baseline dietary information and had measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), a general marker of inflammation. Results In our multivariable-adjusted analyses, we found that red meat intakes were positively associated, while fruit and vegetable intakes were inversely associated with CRP; blood collected in the winter season was associated with lower CRP when compared to summer; and increased smoking intensity and body mass index (BMI) as well as having cardio-metabolic conditions (such as heart disease or diabetes) were positively associated with CRP. Furthermore, we examined the joint associations of food intakes and the season of blood draw with CRP in different subgroups. We found that moderate intakes of red meat were associated with a reduction of CRP in winter but not in other seasons; increased intakes of fruit and vegetables were associated with reduced inflammation in most seasons except winter. These associations were observed in most subgroups except past smokers with pack-years 15, in whom we observed no benefit of red meat intakes in winter. Conclusions Our study provides valuable evidence for considering seasonal impacts on inflammation and seasonal food impacts in different subgroups among breast cancer survivors. The results of our study are in line with one of the emphases of the current NIH 2020–2030 nutrition strategy plan—namely, pay attention to what, when, and who should eat. Funding Sources TRDRP.
Judges Are (and Ought to Be) Different

makes a number of important points, one of which in particular warrants emphasis as Florida voters prepare to go to the polls to determine the fate of the justices and appellate judges standing for retention. The role a judge plays in our society is (and ought to be) fundamentally different from that played by a politician or other elected representative. Judges do not (and should not) have a constituency. They do not represent anyone; 2 rather, their sole allegiance must be to the rule of law. Judges do not enjoy the luxury of being able to choose from among the issues brought before them those they will decide. They are frequently called on to address contentious issues as to which our society is sharply divided. Regardless of the outcome, one or more segments of society are likely to be displeased. 3 This is especially true with regard to one of the judiciary’s most important responsibilities—its counter-majoritarian role as guardian of the rights of individuals, minorities, and groups lacking financial or political power. 4 Frequently, the performance of this duty is irreconcilable with popular sentiment; 5
Social Aspects of Communication in Children with Autism

We sophisticated adults have long held communication to be one of the marks of our uniqueness. That belief has suffered a bit in recent years as researchers continue to document the complex communication skills of even very young infants (Kaye, 1981). Our self-esteem took a particularly strong blow when scientists at the University of Washington and Dartmouth College recently revealed a communication system among willows, maples, and poplars (Begley, 1983). In fact, it appears that communication is more prevalent than anyone had believed just a few years ago.
Structural asymmetry of the F1 of Escherichiacoli as indicated by reaction with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide

Abstract Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits the ATPase activity of F 1 from Escherichia coli by covalent modification of a single glutamic acid in the β subunit. 95% inhibition was obtained after incorporation of around 1 mole of DCCD per mole F 1 , i.e. 1 mole of reagent per 3 β subunits; and up to 2 moles of DCCD per mole F 1 were readily incorporated into the protein. One of the 3 β subunits per F 1 can be crosslinked to the e subunit by 1-ethyl-3-[3(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC). This β subunit (β 1 ) is here shown to be shielded from reaction with DCCD, presumably by its association with e and also possibly the γ subunit. Thus the three β subunits are not equivalent in the enzyme complex.
Insufficient Tat Production Leads to Latent HIV Infection in Astrocytes

Results Following HIV infection of SVGA reporter cells, very limited infection was detected. Further, no receptor or coreceptors except CXCR4 were present on astrocytes. To see further if viral replication is blocked in astrocytes, we infected PFA or SVGA cells with VSV pseudotyped NL4-3. High levels of p24 and robust LTR-GFP or LTR-gagGFP activation were seen. VSV-HIV infected reporter cells never lost green fluorescence and green cells were negative despite of continuous low Tat and Rev production. To rule out If Tat and Rev expression were from circular unintegrated HIV-DNA, Alu PCR revealed integration of viral DNA. Further, Tat or TNF-a reactivated the latent HIV in astrocytes and the latent HIV-SVGA cells upon co-culture transmitted the infection to Jurkat cells.