cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analysis of hospital capacity management patterns using Miles and Snow's typology

In this research, we have explored capacity management changes US hospitals have made to move from service-providing orientation to market orientation. The study focuses on strategic capacity management issues and identifies various capacity management patterns that have been developed by US hospitals in response to the market change. In this study, we used a number of hospital demographic variables to analyse hospitals' capacity management decisions. A comparison of the capacity patterns among large, median, and small hospitals is provided through evaluating prospector, analyser, defender and reactor hospitals using Miles and Snow's typology. The study contributes to the existing literature in the health service capacity management area by indicating the effects of capacity decision patterns on the expected performance. The study also provides useful information for hospital administrators when they are making capacity decisions and evaluates expected performance related to each capacity pattern.
Building-related respiratory symptoms can be predicted with semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold.

Using a semi-quantitative mold exposure index, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated 13 college buildings to examine whether building-related respiratory symptoms among employees are associated with environmental exposure to mold and dampness in buildings. We collected data on upper and lower respiratory symptoms and their building- relatedness, and time spent in specific rooms with a self-administered question- naires. Trained NIOSH industrial hygienists classified rooms for water stains, visible mold, mold odor, and moisture using semi-quantitative scales and then estimated individual exposure indices weighted by the time spent in specific rooms. The semi-quantitative exposure indices significantly predicted building- related respiratory symptoms, including wheeze (odds ratio (OR) ¼ 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.1-4.5), chest tightness (OR ¼ 2.2; 95% CI ¼ 1.1- 4.6), shortness of breath (OR ¼ 2.7; 95% CI ¼ 1.2-6.1), nasal (OR ¼ 2.5; 95% CI ¼ 1.3-4.7) and sinus (OR ¼ 2.2; 95% CI ¼ 1.2-4.1) symptoms, with expo- sure-response relationships. We found that conditions suggestive of indoor mold exposure at work were associated with building-related respiratory symptoms. Our findings suggest that observational semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold can support action to prevent building-related respiratory diseases.
Introduction: urban bias in perspective

Under what conditions might urban bias erode? Are those conditions entirely uncommon? Or is it that our customary understanding was wrong in several key respects? These are the questions underlying this volume. To express our vantage point clearly, the papers focus on the conditions under which the countryside is not ‘squeezed’. Four critiques of the urban bias theory emerge, three of which are new. First, the urban bias theory neglects political institutions. The urban bias outcome is not true across political systems (democracy versus authoritarianism), or across ideological orientations of the ruling elite (pro‐rural or pro‐industrial). Second, the urban bias theory did not anticipate how technical change over time could begin to make the rural sector powerful. Third, the conception of how rural interests are expressed in politics is limited in urban bias theory to the strictly economic issues. Ethnic (and religious) identities may cut across the rural and urban sectors, and may obstruct an economic ex...
Wafer-to-wafer bonding for microstructure formation

Wafer-to-wafer bonding processes for microstructure fabrication are categorized and described. These processes have an impact in packaging and structure design. Processes are categorized into direct bonds, anodic bonds, and bonds with intermediate layers. Representative devices using wafer-to-wafer bonding are presented. Processes and methods for characterization of a range of bonding methods are discussed. Opportunities for continued development are outlined.
On-line wideband measurement of induction motor impedance

Induction motors are increasingly operated from harmonic-rich voltage sources such as adjustable speed drives (ASDs). The harmonic voltages produce harmonic winding currents which in turn cause increased motor loss due to circulating currents in the stator winding and rotor. Typical induction motor tests use only the 60 Hz excitation provided by the power system and may not be completely adequate to predict loss when the motor is operated from an ASD or other harmonic-rich voltage source. This paper describes an additional test which measures the wideband impedance of a motor during normal operation. The resistive part of motor impedance is shown to increase for frequencies above 60 Hz and application of this test to calculating motor loss is described. Extensions of this test applications such as motor parameter estimation and online monitoring of motor temperature by the change of resistance technique are suggested.
The rational locator reexamined: Are travel times still stable?

The rational locator hypothesis posits that individuals can, if they choose, maintain approximately steady journey-to-work travel times by adjusting their home and workplace. This hypothesis was coupled with the observation of long-term stability in drive alone journey-to-work times in metropolitan Washington (those times were unchanged from 1957 through 1968 to 1988). Despite the increase of average commuting distance and congestion, trip duration remained constant or even declined when controlling for travel purpose and travel mode because of shifting a share of traffic from slow urban routes to faster suburban routes. This observation has significance, as it is important to know for travel demand analysis if there is an underlying budget, or even a regularity, as this helps us determine whether our forecasts are reasonable. To re-test the underlying rationale for the hypothesis that travel times are stable, intra-metropolitan comparisons of travel times are made using Washington DC data from 1968, 1988, and 1994, and Twin Cities data from 1990 and 2000. The results depend upon geography. For the larger Washington DC region, keeping the same geography shows little change in commute times, but using the larger 1994 area suggests an increase in commute times. However, the Twin Cities, starting from a much shorter commute time, shows a marked increase over the decade, using either the smaller or the larger geography. Despite the remarkable continuing observation of stability in drive alone commuting times in metropolitan Washington, we reject the theory of personal commuting budgets, as we find that not only are commuting times not generally stable over time at the intra-metropolitan area, but that commuting time clearly depends on metropolitan spatial structure.
An analysis of the distortion and breakup mechanisms of high speed liquid drops

Abstract A study was performed of the distortion and breakup mechanisms of liquid drops injected into a transverse high velocity air jet at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The investigation included the use of ultra-high magnification, short-exposure photography to study the three drop breakup regimes previously referred to as the bag breakup regime, the shear or boundary-layer stripping breakup regime, and the ‘catastrophic’ breakup regime. In the experiments the initial diameters of the injected diesel fuel drops were 69, 121 and 198 μm, and the transverse air jet velocity was varied from 68 to 331 m/s. The experimental conditions correspond to drop initial Weber numbers of 56, 260 and 463 for the three breakup regimes. The drop Reynolds numbers (based on gas properties) ranged from 509 to 2488. It was found that the drop breakup process occurs in two stages. During the first stage, under the action of aerodynamic pressure, the drop distorts from its undisturbed spherical shape and becomes flattened, or disk shaped, normal to the air flow direction. This feature exists in all three drop breakup regimes. A dynamic drag model that is a modified version of the DDB (Dynamic Drag and Breakup) model and accounts for the increase of both the drop's frontal area and its drag coefficient as a function of its distortion was used to analyze the drop trajectory and its distortion during the first stage of the drop breakup process. During the second stage of the drop breakup process, the three drop breakup regimes display different breakup features. In the bag breakup regime the appearance and growth of holes on the bag sheet blown out of the center of the flattened drop is the dominant reason for the breakup; in the so-called shear or boundary-layer stripping breakup regime the results indicate that bending of the flattened drop's edge under the action of aerodynamic pressure, followed by production of folds on the bent sheet results in production of ligaments aligned in the direction of the air flow; and in the ‘catastrophic’ breakup regime the growth of capillary waves on the flattened drop surfaces, combined with the bending and folding of the sheet edge makes the breakup process demonstrate ‘catastrophic’ breakup characteristics. In addition, the experimental results confirm that for drops with different sizes, the same breakup regimes appear when the Weber number is held constant, and the Reynolds number does not play a dominant role. These results thus cast considerable doubt on the validity of the widely used ‘shear’ or ‘boundary-layer stripping’ drop breakup theories in which viscous effects would be important.
An improved RCP-method for protocol test generation using backward UIO sequences

This paper generalizes the notion of UIO sequences used for generating protocol testing sequences. The authors call these sequences forward UIO sequences (or simply F-UIO sequences), because a unique output sequence is to be observed by applying a UIO sequence starting from the state with which this UIO sequence is associated. This paper associates with each state another sequence called backward UIO (or simply B-UIO) sequence such that a unique output sequence is to be observed by applying this sequence with this state being the ending state. Using B-UIO sequences, this paper improves the RCP-method (1988). >
Treatment of Drop Attacks in Coffin-Lowry Syndrome With the Use of Sodium Oxybate

Coffin-Lowry syndrome is a well-defined clinical entity classically associated with moderate to severe mental retardation, characteristic facial features, skeletal deformities, and tapering fingers. A characteristic paroxysmal disorder was described in up to 10% patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome, characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone induced by unexpected tactile or auditory stimuli. These events were given several names, including cataplexy, nonepileptic collapses with atonia, exaggerated startle responses, hyperekplexia, and stimulus-induced drop episodes. Various therapies were undertaken for these drop attacks, including clonazepam, tiagabine, felbamate, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclics, with variable improvement. We report on a 22-year-old man with Coffin-Lowry syndrome with stimulus-induced drop episodes, who failed therapy with clonazepam, several antiepileptic drugs, and escitalopram, and who was given a trial of sodium oxybate with complete resolution of the drop attacks.
Analyzing object detection quality under probabilistic coverage in sensor networks

Object detection quality and network lifetime are two conflicting aspects of a sensor network, but both are critical to many sensor applications such as military surveillance. Probabilistic coverage is an appropriate approach to balancing the conflicting design requirements of monitoring applications. Under probabilistic coverage, we present an analytical model to analyze object detection quality with respect to different network conditions and sensor scheduling schemes. Our analytical model facilitates performance evaluation of a sensing schedule, network deployment, and sensing scheduling protocol design. Applying the model to real sensor networks, we design a set of sensing scheduling protocols to achieve targeted object detection quality while minimizing power consumption. The correctness of our model and the effectiveness of the proposed protocols are validated through extensive simulation experiments.
An Exploratory Study of the Relationships Between Theory X/Y Assumptions and Superior Communicator Style

The present study explored the possibility that McGregor's (1960) Theory X/Y assumptions serve as cognitive determinants of superior communicator style, a multidimensional set of style variables that can have considerable effects on subordinate well-being and organizational viability. A total of 279 superiors completed an online survey that measured Theory X/Y orientation and superior communicator style. Correlational tests revealed that Theory X assumptions were positively related to the Dominant and Impression Leaving styles. In contrast, Theory Y assumptions were negatively related to the Anxious style, and positively related to the Supportive, Impression Leaving, and Nonverbally Expressive styles. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential psychological effects of each style profile as well as the implications of the findings for screening job applicants.
Multiple Method Contraception Use Among African American Adolescents in Four US Cities

We report on African American adolescents' (N=850; M age = 15.4) contraceptive practices and type of contraception utilized during their last sexual encounter. Respondents completed measures of demographics, contraceptive use, sexual partner type, and ability to select “safe” sexual partners. 40% endorsed use of dual or multiple contraceptive methods; a total of 35 different contraceptive combinations were reported. Perceived ability to select “safe” partners was associated with not using contraception (OR = 1.25), using less effective contraceptive methods (OR = 1.23), or hormonal birth control (OR = 1.50). Female gender predicted hormonal birth control use (OR = 2.33), use of less effective contraceptive methods (e.g., withdrawal; OR = 2.47), and using no contraception (OR = 2.37). Respondents' age and partner type did not predict contraception use. Adolescents used contraceptive methods with limited ability to prevent both unintended pregnancies and STD/HIV. Adolescents who believed their partners posed low risk were more likely to use contraceptive practices other than condoms or no contraception. Reproductive health practitioners are encouraged to help youth negotiate contraceptive use with partners, regardless of the partner's perceived riskiness.
Physicochemical studies of binary eutectic of ibuprofen and ketoprofen for enhanced transdermal drug delivery

Methods: The thermodynamic, eutectic, and crystalline properties of ibuprofen and ketoprofen binary mixtures were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD). Results: The DSC studies showed that melting point (61°C), enthalpy (11.3 kJ/mol), and entropy of fusion (33.7 J/K/mol) of the binary eutectic were significantly lower than those of the individual anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Due to the melting-point depression and enhanced skin lipid solubility, the steady-state flux of ibuprofen and ketoprofen from preparations of the binary eutectic increased as compared to pure NSAIDs using shed snakeskin as a model membrane. The NSAID membrane flux values were calculated by flux ratio equations based on drug thermodynamic data, and compared to experimental values obtained from permeation studies. Conclusion: The proposed flux ratio equations correctly predicted flux increase.
Growth hormone-secreting adenomas: pathology and cell biology.

The majority of patients with acromegaly harbor a functioning growth hormone (GH) pituitary adenoma. Growth hormone–secreting adenomas correspond to about 20% of all pituitary adenomas. From the histopathological point of view, a variety of adenomas may present with clinical signs and symptoms of GH hypersecretion including pure GH cell adenomas (densely and sparsely granulated GH adenomas), mixed GH and prolactin cell adenomas, and monomorphous adenomas with primitive cells able to secrete GH and prolactin including the acidophilic stem cell adenoma and the mammosomatotroph cell adenoma. In this article, the author reviews the main pathological features of the GH-secreting adenomas and some of the molecular genetics mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis.
School-based preventive interventions for at-risk populations: Practical and ethical issues

Schools have a long history of serving as sites for prevention efforts. However, many practical and ethical difficulties still surround the conduction of research within these settings. Such issues are particularly salient when prevention efforts are directed at high-risk children, a population that poses unique concerns for researchers. These concerns are addressed within the context of the experiences of the researchers' implementation and empirical evaluation of a school-based prevention program for elementary-aged children of alcoholics who self-selected into the intervention. Practical issues of gaining entry into the school system and acceptance and cooperation from school personnel are presented. Ethical issues of parental consent, voluntary nature of participation, and confidentiality are discussed within the context of at-risk children. Suggestions are offered for preventionists seeking to work in schools, and issues warranting further consideration among experts in the field are discussed.
CDDO-Me Protects against Space Radiation-Induced Transformation of Human Colon Epithelial Cells

Abstract Radiation-induced carcinogenesis is a major concern both for astronauts on long-term space missions and for cancer patients being treated with therapeutic radiation. Exposure to radiation induces oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which are critical initiators and promoters of carcinogenesis. Many studies have demonstrated that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antioxidants can reduce the risk of radiation-induced cancer. In this study, we found that a synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Me (bardoxolone methyl), was able to protect human colon epithelial cells (HCECs) against radiation-induced transformation. HCECs that were immortalized by ectopic expression of hTERT and cdk4 and exhibit trisomy for chromosome 7 (a non-random chromosome change that occurs in 37% of premalignant colon adenomas) can be transformed experimentally with one combined exposure to 2 Gy of protons at 1 GeV/nucleon followed 24 h later by 50 cGy of 56Fe ions at 1 GeV/nucleon. Transformed cells showed an increase i...
Millimeter Wave-induced Modulation of Calcium Dynamics in an Engineered Skin Co-culture Model: Role of Secreted ATP on Calcium Spiking

We have previously designed and characterized a 94 GHz exposure system that allows real-time monitoring of subcellular interactions induced by millimeter wave (MMW) stimulation. For example, studies of the calcium dynamics in neuronal cells in response to 94 GHz irradiation suggested that MMW stimulation increased calcium spiking. In this study, we engineered a 3D co-culture model that represents the major constituents of skin. We used this experimental model along with the custom-designed MMW exposure system to investigate the effects of 94 GHz irradiation in the skin-like tissue construct. Unlike typical non-excitable cells, keratinocytes exhibited calcium spikes in their resting state. Exposure to a 94 GHz irradiation induced a statistically significant increase in the calcium spiking. When co-cultured with neuronal cells in the 3D co-culture skin model, changes in the calcium spiking in neuronal cells depended on the MMW input power. Further, the 94 GHz irradiation caused ATP secretion by keratincytes. ATP is a major factor that modulates the calcium spiking in neuronal cells. Surprisingly, while a 5-fold increase in the ATP secretion enhanced the calcium spiking in neuronal cells, a 10-fold increase significantly hindered the calcium dynamics. Computational simulation of ATP-induced calcium dynamics was in general agreement with the experimental findings, suggesting the involvement of the ATP-sensitive purinergic receptors. The engineered co-culture skin model offers a physiologically relevant environment in which the calcium dynamics is regulated both by the cell-MMW and cell-cell interactions.
THE EFFECT OF RELIC PARTICLE ANNIHILATIONS ON THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND

A relic particle X which annihilates with its antiparticle into electromagnetically-interacting particles, e.g. , γγ, etc., will lead to a distortion in the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The magnitude of this effect is calculated and compared with known limits on the deviations of the CMB from a Planck spectrum. Limits which can be placed on such a particle are found to be competitive with similar limits from Big Bang nucleosynthesis.
Efficacy of single-dose, extended-release naproxen sodium 660 mg in postsurgical dental pain: two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of a novel formulation of extended-release/immediate-release (ER) naproxen sodium over 24 h in a dental pain model.Research design and methods:Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in moderate to severe pain after extraction of one or two impacted third molars (at least one partial mandibular bony impaction). Treatment comprised oral ER naproxen sodium 660 mg (single dose), placebo (both studies) or immediate-release (IR) naproxen sodium 220 mg tid (study 2).Main outcome measures:Primary efficacy endpoint: 24-h summed pain intensity difference (SPID). Secondary variables included total pain relief (TOTPAR), use of rescue medication. All treatment-emergent adverse events were recorded.Clinical trial registration:NCT00720057 (study 1), NCT01389284 (study 2).Results:Primary efficacy analyses: pain intensity was significantly lower over 24 h with ER naproxen sodium vs. placebo (p < 0.001), with significant relief from 15 min (study 2). In study 2, E...
OCS Lease Activity Scenarios

The BOEM develops activity scenarios that describe the offshore activity that is expected to arise according to 5-year lease plans. These forecasts are published by BOEM in condensed form and serve as the input into the OSV model forecast. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the process by which BOEM constructs activity scenarios from forecast data. We focus on a single planning area to simplify the presentation and conclude with a general discussion of the model assumptions.
Eastern Europe: the unstable buffer

The upheavals in Poland foreshadowed the economic malaise and political unrest cropping up today throughout Eastern Europe and threatening regional instability that could draw in the superpowers.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting for Glioblastoma: Risk Factors, Indications, and Efficacy.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma patients can develop hydrocephalus, either obstructive, typically at diagnosis as a result of mass effect, or communicating, usually later in the disease. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the indications and efficacy of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting for patients with glioblastoma-associated hydrocephalus. METHODS: Retrospective review was conducted of 841 glioblastoma patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2014, 64 (8%) of whom underwent VP shunting for symptomatic hydrocephalus, to analyze symptoms and outcomes after shunting. Overall survival and postshunt survival were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier methods, with predictors evaluated by use of Cox proportional hazards. RESULTS: Of the 64 patients who underwent shunting, 42 (66%) had communicating hydrocephalus (CH) and 22 (34%) had obstructive hydrocephalus (OH). CH patients underwent more preshunt craniotomies than those with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, with a mean of 2.3 and 0.7 surgeries, respectively (P .99). Hydrocephalus symptom improvement rates were as follows: headache, 77%; lethargy, 61%; and altered cognition or memory, 54%. Symptomatic improvement was more likely in patients who were younger at shunt placement (hazard ratio, 0.96; P = .045). Symptomatic improvement, shorter time between glioblastoma diagnosis and shunt placement, and CH rather than OH led to improved postshunt survival (hazard ratio = 0.24-0.99; P = .01-.04). CONCLUSION: VP shunting improves symptoms in most glioblastoma patients with suspected CH or OH, specifically younger patients. Symptomatic improvement, shorter duration between glioblastoma diagnosis and shunt placement, and CH rather than OH improve postshunt survival.
Inequalities in Parental Spending on Young Children: 1972 to 2010

This article investigates inequality in parental spending on young children over the period from 1972 to 2010. I find increased spending among parents at the top of the income distribution but little change among parents at the bottom of the income distribution. The gap in spending is equally attributable to increased spending on center-based care for preschool-age children and spending on enrichment goods and activities. The article examines potential causes of increased spending, including income, parental education, and wife’s work status, using decomposition analysis. Results indicate that higher incomes are the largest cause of the increased gap in spending but that increases in wife’s earnings, college completion, and wife’s work hours are also important for growth in spending.
The differential diagnosis of jaundice.

A logical sequence of testing, beginning with a thorough history and physical examination, is outlined for the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Case histories illustrate this approach, which results in a minimum number of examinations at a minimum cost.
Prevention of biofilm formation by polyquaternary polymer.

Abstract Objective Biofilm formation has been linked to device-associated infections in otolaryngology. This study was conducted to determine if a microbicidal polyquaternary polymer, poly diallyl-dimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) could prevent biofilm development by pathogens that commonly cause implant infections, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods and materials This study was prospective and controlled in vitro microbiological study. Polyurethane tubes (20 per treatment) with and without a polyquaternary polymer coating were briefly exposed to plasma or saline, then to S. aureus or P. aeruginosa. Polyurethane tubes were incubated in growth media. After 4 days, antibiotics were added to kill planktonic bacteria. S. aureus or P. aeruginosa bacterial counts and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Results S. aureus biofilm counts were reduced by 8 logs on tubes with polyquaternary polymer coating compared to the control tubes, either with plasma (3.67E+01 ± 7.30E+01 vs 1.08E+09 ± 4.81E+08; P Conclusions Incorporation of the microbicidal polyquaternary polymer, pDADMAC, into polyurethane dramatically inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation. Further research is warranted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technology in otolaryngologic implants.
Kaposi's sarcoma: evidence supporting its origin from the lymphatic system.

The histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains a subject of dispute. The weight of evidence, however, favors derivation of the spindle cell of KS from the lymphatic system and very likely from lymphatic endothelium. This conclusion is based on light microscopic and morbid anatomical observations and is further supported by the unique distribution of lesions in the skin, and in the submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, following the lines of lymphatics; by the remarkable predilection of KS for lymph nodes (often without skin lesions); by the absence of lesions in organs which are devoid of lymphatics, i.e. the brain and eyeball; and by observations made by the author and others, utilizing electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. It is recognized nonetheless that reactive elements such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts and histiocytes may also be involved in the proliferative process.
Improving design validation of mobile application user interface implementation

During the mobile app development cycle, User-Interface (UI) components rendered by the mobile app are typically validated against high-fidelity mockups by manually comparing screens from a mockup design to screens developed in the app. This validation most often takes the time of the lead designer, resulting in many post-sprint defects and tasks that must be folded into the next sprint iteration. To improve this process, an engineer should be able to validate layout as part of the acceptance criteria for each task submitted, providing a more complete UI, less defects and reduced cost for the app development. We propose a system of improvements for moving this process forward by automatically validating layout. The system is based on techniques from computer vision, in conjunction with style policies, which together facilitate validation of design layout prior to submitting completed task work, thereby reducing the overall cost of developing UI designs.
Micro-electroporation : Improving the efficiency and understanding of electrical permeabilization of cells

Electroporation is commonly used in biotechnology to introduce macromolecules into cells. We have developed a micro-electroporation chip that incorporates a live biological cell in the electrical circuit. The chip configuration forces electrical currents to pass through the cell, thereby producing electrically measurable information about the electroporation state of the cell. The cell membrane electrical properties make the cell function as a diode in the electroporation current-voltage range. The chip is transparent in the area of the cell to allow microscope viewing. during electroporation. This chip may be used to study the fundamental biophysics of cell electroporation and in biotechnology for controlled macromolecule introduction in individual cells. We describe the chip principle and show results on the electrical current-voltage pattern during reversible and irreversible electroporation in individual cells.
Utility of KTEA-3 Error Analysis for the Diagnosis of Specific Learning Disabilities.

Through the use of excerpts from one of our own case studies, this commentary applied concepts inherent in, but not limited to, the neuropsychological literature to the interpretation of performance on the Kaufman Tests of Educational Achievement–Third Edition (KTEA-3), particularly at the level of error analysis. The approach to KTEA-3 test interpretation advocated here parallels the cognitive process-oriented approach used by McCloskey and colleagues in their interpretation of the Wechsler scales. This approach is also advocated by Hale and Fiorello as part of their cognitive hypothesis testing model and is inherent in the neuropsychological assessment and interpretation frameworks proposed by Miller and Dehn. For the purpose of this commentary, we describe how this approach to KTEA-3 test interpretation fits within our own Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC)-based approach to specific learning disabilities (SLD) identification. To derive maximum benefit from error analysis, practitioners must pay careful attent...
High-Intensity Interval Training Elicits Higher Enjoyment than Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise.

Exercise adherence is affected by factors including perceptions of enjoyment, time availability, and intrinsic motivation. Approximately 50% of individuals withdraw from an exercise program within the first 6 mo of initiation, citing lack of time as a main influence. Time efficient exercise such as high intensity interval training (HIIT) may provide an alternative to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT) to elicit substantial health benefits. This study examined differences in enjoyment, affect, and perceived exertion between MICT and HIIT. Twelve recreationally active men and women (age = 29.5 ± 10.7 yr, VO2max = 41.4 ± 4.1 mL/kg/min, BMI = 23.1 ± 2.1 kg/m2) initially performed a VO2max test on a cycle ergometer to determine appropriate workloads for subsequent exercise bouts. Each subject returned for two additional exercise trials, performing either HIIT (eight 1 min bouts of cycling at 85% maximal workload (Wmax) with 1 min of active recovery between bouts) or MICT (20 min of cycling at 45% Wmax) in randomized order. During exercise, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affect, and blood lactate concentration (BLa) were measured. Additionally, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) was completed after exercise. Results showed higher enjoyment (p = 0.013) in response to HIIT (103.8 ± 9.4) versus MICT (84.2 ± 19.1). Eleven of 12 participants (92%) preferred HIIT to MICT. However, affect was lower (p<0.05) and HR, RPE, and BLa were higher (p<0.05) in HIIT versus MICT. Although HIIT is more physically demanding than MICT, individuals report greater enjoyment due to its time efficiency and constantly changing stimulus. Trial Registration: NCT:02981667.
Seriography‐Guided Reduction of Graphene Oxide Biopapers for Wearable Sensory Electronics

Novel nacre-mimic bio-nanocomposites, such as graphene-based laminates, are pushing the boundaries of strength and toughness as flexible engineering materials. Translating these material advances to functional flexible electronics requires methods for generating print-scalable microcircuits (conductive elements surrounded by dielectric) into these strong, tough, lightweight bio-nanocomposites. Here, a new paradigm for printing flexible electronics by employing facile, eco-friendly seriography to confine the reduction of graphene oxide biopapers reinforced by silk interlayers is presented. Well-defined, micropatterned regions on the biopaper are chemically reduced, generating a 106 increase in conductivity (up to 104 S m−1). Flexible, robust graphene-silk circuits are showcased in diverse applications such as resistive moisture sensors and capacitive proximity sensors. Unlike conductive (i.e., graphene- or Ag nanoparticle-loaded) inks printed onto substrates, seriography-guided reduction does not create mechanically weak interfaces between dissimilar materials and does not require the judicious formation of ink. The unimpaired functionality of printed-in graphene-silk microcircuits after thousands of punitive folding cycles and chemical attack by harsh solvents is demonstrated. This novel approach provides a low-cost, portable solution for printing micrometer-scale conductive features uniformly across large areas (>hundreds of cm2) in layered composites for applications including wearable health monitors, electronic skin, rollable antennas, and conformable displays.
Cultivating Change: Teaching and Learning in the Classroom and on the Farm

This article examines the teaching and learning experience of Cultivating Change, an upper-level undergraduate seminar at Connecticut College, a liberal arts college in the northeastern USA. I describe the goals, structure and activities of the course and assess the teaching and learning experiences in comparative and institutional context. In so doing I aim to: (1) chart the development of an interdisciplinary course linked to a project on beginning farmers, a curiously overlooked topic in food studies with a host of social, economic and policy implications; (2) describe and assess a transformative teaching and learning experience for me as professor and for students; and (3) identify the key elements of this active learning environment that might be profitably applied to the growing number of courses on food topics.
A man with progressive dysphagia.

A 71-year-old man was referred to the gastroenterology department for evaluation of 9 months of progressive swallowing difficulties associated with epigastric and chest discomfort. He was a previous smoker (17 pack-years), with a history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, and cervical spinal
Task-based changes in proton MR spectroscopy signal during configural working memory in human medial temporal lobe

Purpose To detect local cholinergic changes in human medial temporal lobe during configural working memory performance. Materials and Methods Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) measurements were acquired at 3T from a 2 × 2 × 3 cm voxel in right medial temporal lobe from 36 subjects during performance of a configural visual working memory task (cWMT). In order to compensate for expected task-based blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) T2* effects, resonance signal changes of unbound choline-containing metabolites (Cho) were referenced to an internal standard of creatine + phosphocreatine metabolites (Cre) and compared between four task blocks: rest, memorization, active memory maintenance, and recognition. An unannounced memory retention test was conducted in 21 subjects. Quality assurance analyses examined task-based Cho and Cre individually as well as referenced to resonance signal from N-acetylaspartate (NAA). Results Increases from a resting baseline in the Cho/Cre ratio were observed during 60-second blocks of active memory maintenance across the group (P = 0.0042). Behavioral accuracy during task performance correlated with memory retention (r = 0.48, P = 0.027). Quality assurance measures showed task-based changes in Cre resonance signal both individually (P = 0.00099) and when utilized as a noncholinergic internal reference (NAA/Cre, P = 0.00079). Conclusion Increases in human medial temporal lobe 1H-MRS Cho/Cre ratio occur during the maintenance of configural working memory information. However, interpretation of these results as driven by cholinergic activity cannot be assumed, as NAA, a noncholinergic metabolite, shows similar results when utilizing Cre as a reference. Caution is advised when considering Cre as an internal standard for task-based 1H-MRS measurements. Level of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Observation of an anomalous density-dependent energy gap of the ν =5 /2 fractional quantum Hall state in the low-density regime

We have studied the $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall state in a density-tunable sample at extremely low electron densities. For the densities accessed in our experiment, the Landau level mixing parameter $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ spans the $2.52l\ensuremath{\kappa}l2.82$ range. In the vicinity of $5.8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ or $\ensuremath{\kappa}=2.6$ an anomalously large change in the density dependence of the energy gap is observed. Possible origins of such an anomaly are discussed, including a topological phase transition in the $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ fractional quantum Hall state.
Subcellular Localization of a Plant Catalase-Phenol Oxidase, AcCATPO, from Amaranthus and Identification of a Non-canonical Peroxisome Targeting Signal

AcCATPO is a plant catalase-phenol oxidase recently identified from red amaranth. Its physiological function remains unexplored. As the starting step of functional analysis, here we report its subcellular localization and a non-canonical targeting signal. Commonly used bioinformatics programs predicted a peroxisomal localization for AcCATPO, but failed in identification of canonical peroxisomal targeting signals (PTS). The C-terminal GFP tagging led the fusion protein AcCATPO-GFP to the cytosol and the nucleus, but N-terminal tagging directed the GFP-AcCATPO to peroxisomes and nuclei, in transgenic tobacco. Deleting the tripeptide (PTM) at the extreme C-terminus almost ruled out the peroxisomal localization of GFP-AcCATPO∆3, and removing the C-terminal decapeptide completely excluded peroxisomes as the residence of GFP-AcCATPO∆10. Furthermore, this decapeptide as a targeting signal could import GFP-10aa to the peroxisome exclusively. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AcCATPO is localized to the peroxisome and the nucleus, and its peroxisomal localization is attributed to a non-canonical PTS1, the C-terminal decapeptide which contains an internal SRL motif and a conserved tripeptide P-S/T-I/M at the extreme of C-terminus. This work may further the study as to the physiological function of AcCATPO, especially clarify its involvement in betalain biosynthesis, and provide a clue to elucidate more non-canonic PTS.
Measurement of the Ratios of Capture and Fission Neutron Cross Sections of 235U, 238U, and 239Pu at 130 to 1400 keV

The ratios σγ(238U)/σf/(235U), σγ(238U)/σf(239Pu), and σf (239Pu)/σf (235U) have been measured in the energy range 130 to 1400 keV. The activation technique was used to determine the capture rate i...
Extravesical robotic ureteral reimplantation for ureterovaginal fistula

We present a video describing the technical considerations for performing an extravesical robotic ureteral reimplantation. A 55-year old woman presented with urinary incontinence secondary to a ureterovaginal fistula after robotic-assisted hysterectomy. After failure of more conservative measures, she proceeded to a robotic ureteral reimplantation. Following port placement, the ureter is identified at the level of the iliac vessels and dissected circumferentially. The ureter is dissected free to the level of the ureterovaginal fistula, transected, and the distal remnant ligated. The ureter is spatulated, a cystotomy created, and a running anastomosis with mucosa-to-mucosa apposition performed over a stent. Care is taken to ensure it is tension free. The integrity of the anastomosis is tested with retrograde filling of the bladder. Postoperatively, a drainage catheter is left to allow for adequate healing. Follow-up imaging is performed to ensure a patent anastomosis. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course. A cystogram showed adequate healing at 10 days, and the stent was removed at 6 weeks. A follow-up renal ultrasound 6 weeks later showed no hydronephrosis. Extravesical robotic ureteral reimplantation is a useful technique for managing ureterovaginal fistula; here we highlight pertinent technical considerations.
Effects of NH4+ on the function of the CNS.

Several encephalopathies are associated with hyperammonemia, example the encephalopathies associated with ureacycle disorders and portasystemic (hepatic) encephalopathy. Hyperammonemia increases NH 4 + in the CNS (21). Increases of NH 4 + in the CNS affect the function of neurons and disturb neuronal interactions. Therefore, it can be presumed that the encephalopathies associated with hyperammonemia are significantly contributed to if not solely caused by, the effects of NH 4 + on the function of neurons.
Bidirectional Neural Interface and Closed-Loop Control

Bidirectional neural interface with closed-loop operation is important for both fundamental neuroscience research and the development of next-generation neuroprosthetics. However, the circuit and system design of bidirectional closed-loop brain–machine interfaces have not been well explored. This chapter discusses two of the most important issues, stimulation artifacts and closed-loop controllers. Stimulation artifacts are known issues in simultaneous neural stimulation and recording, which corrupt the neural recording. Even though a lot of studies have proposed methods to cancel or attenuate the stimulation artifacts, a comprehensive study considering different electrode configurations and circuit topologies is missing. This chapter presents the analysis, methods, experimental results, and design suggestions to reduce the effects of artifacts. The importance of a closed-loop methodology cannot be overemphasized in neural engineering. However, the design of closed-loop neural interface electronics has been a missing link in BMI systems. This chapter summarizes the mechanisms of different closed-loop neural interface systems, and presents the design of a general–purpose analog PID controller. The PID controller is integrated in a bidirectional neural interface system-on-chip (SoC). Experimental results are presented.
Characterizing transient temperature trajectories for assessing the value of achieving alternative temperature targets

Trajectories of policy-driven transient temperatures are reported here for four different maximum temperature targets through 2100 and a “no-policy” baseline because it is they, and their associated manifestations in other impact and risk dimensions, that natural and human and natural systems see in real time as their common future unfolds. It follows that it is they that inform both the reactive and (for human systems) anticipatory responses that embedded decision-makers would contemplate in the future. Median pathways as well as 5th and 95th percentile alternatives for each set of scenarios are reported in decadal increments from 2010 through 2100. Two illustrations (agricultural yields and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change “reasons for concern”) are presented to provide provocative context within which to begin to see their potential value across a wide range of applications.
Automation moderation: finding symbiosis with anti-human technology

I examine Artificial Intelligence and automation technology from the perspective of Aristotelian virtue ethics, focusing on the detrimental impacts automation technology can have on human creativity, learning, and attention. As a potential solution, I put forward "automation moderation," which is a human-centered approach to designing AI, and showcase some examples of it.
Agent-Based Models for Assessing Social Influence Strategies

Motivated by the increasing attention given to automated information campaigns and their potential to influence information ecosystems online, we argue that agent-based models of opinion dynamics provide a useful environment for understanding and assessing social influence strategies. This approach allows us to build theory about the efficacy of various influence strategies, forces us to be precise and rigorous about our assumptions surrounding such strategies, and highlights potential gaps in existing models. We present a case study illustrating these points in which we adapt a strategy, namely, amplification, commonly employed by so-called ‘bots’ within social media. We treat it as a simple agent strategy situated within three models of opinion dynamics using three different mechanisms of social influence. We present early findings from this work suggesting that a simple amplification strategy is only successful in cases where it is assumed that any given agent is capable of being influenced by almost any other agent, and is likewise unsuccessful in cases that assume agents have more restrictive criteria for who may influence them. The outcomes of this case study suggest ways in which the amplification strategy can be made more robust, and thus more relevant for extrapolating to real-world strategies. We discuss how this methodology might be applied to more sophisticated strategies and the broader benefits of this approach as a complement to empirical methods.
110th Anniversary: Commentary: CFD as a Modeling Tool for Fixed Bed Reactors

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a valuable tool in the modeling of fixed bed reactors. In particular, resolved-particle CFD in which a bed of particles is simulated directly, without invoking a porous media representation, is being used to probe reaction systems and understand the complexities of reactions in heterogeneous systems. Some reviews are now available, and the number of publications is growing. In this contribution, a broad perspective is attempted on what are some of the key issues, what problems should be solved for further progress, and what new techniques might be applied. Topics discussed are the numerical generation and meshing and simulation of beds of complex particle shapes, coupling microkinetics with resolved-particle CFD, validation with in situ experimental methods, and some suggestions for the possible role of visualization techniques and machine learning in the interpretation of the large amounts of information generated by CFD.