cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Value of ADC maps as predictors of HI Brain Injury in neonatal rats

Background: The brain energy metabolism of severely birth asphyxiated human neonates, measured by 31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy(31P-MRS), shows a secondary energy failure (SEF) 2-4 days after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult. The prognostic value of neonatal 31P-MRS, given by trough values of energy metabolites, critically depends on the correct time point and placement of measurement within the brain. Quantitative maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) are faster to obtain on routine MR Systems compared to 31P-MRS and provide spatially higher resolved information about the postischemic brain. Aim: To test if ADC maps, obtainable early after HI, are a reliable and predictive parameter of post HI brain outcome in rats. Methods: Right sided HI brain damage was produced in two groups of 7d rats (unilateral carotid artery ligation and exposure to 8% 02 for 1.5h). Group 1 (n = 8) was kept normothermic (37 °C) and group 2(n = 8) hypothermic (30 °C) for 24h after HI. 31P-MRS, DWI and T2-WI were acquired and quantitative ADC maps were processed continuously up to 4 days .Results and Discussion: The evolution of Pcr/Pi revealed partial recovery within 10h after HI, followed by a SEF at 24h, which was profound in normothermic but mild in hypothermic animals. The final extent of brain damage was correctly predicted by the ratio Pcr/Pi. During HI both groups showed declined ADC in the affected region (primary cytotoxic edema), which normalized within 2h after HI. After a second decline, trough ADC was measured between 10h and 25h post HI. At 15h 80% and at 24h of the maximal extent of the cytotoxic edema was visible. The ADC values were comparable in the core region in both groups, whereas they were 20% higher in the penumbra of hypothermic animals. The maximal edema occupied 45% of the brain in normothermic and 22% in the hypothermic group. Finally, the ADC increased in the core regions saturating at values of free water at 4 to 6 days. The sizes of the final infarcts were 35% in the normothermic compared to 15% in the hypothermic group. Conclusions: 1. In all animals primary cytotoxic edema marked brain area at risk. 2. The spatial distribution of trough values of ADC at 15h became necrotic after 4 to 6 d. 3. At equal primary lesions, the size of the final infarcts were 50% smaller in hypothermic compared to normothermic animals. 4. The ADC maps predicted the final infarct size 10 to 15h earlier, could be detected longer and permitted higher spatial resolution compared to 31P-MRS.
Mutagenesis of Murine Cytomegalovirus Using a Tn3-Based Transposon

A transposon derived from Escherichia coli Tn3 was introduced into the genome of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) to generate a pool of viral mutants. We analyzed three of the constructed recombinant viruses that contained the transposon within the M25, M27, and m155 open reading frames. Our studies provide the first direct evidence to suggest that M25 and M27 are not essential for viral replication in mouse NIH 3T3 cells. Studies in cultured cells and Balb/c mice indicated that the transposon insertion is stable during viral propagation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover the virus that contained the insertion mutation in M25 exhibited a titer similar to that of the wild-type virus in the salivary glands, lungs, livers, spleens, and kidneys of the Balb/c mice that were intraperitoneally infected with these viruses. These results suggest that M25 is dispensable for viral growth in these organs and the presence of the transposon sequence in the viral genome does not significantly affect viral replication in vivo. The Tn3-based system can be used as a mutagenesis approach for studying the function of MCMV genes in both tissue culture and in animals.
Integrated microfluidic cooling of high power passive and active devices on multilayer organic substrate

This paper presents a microfluidic cooling solution for passive and active devices on liquid crystal polymer (LCP). Distilled (DI) water circulates inside a 15 mil micromachined channel and takes away the dissipated heat from passive and active heat sources. A micropump is used to provide enough pressure to inject the fluid and to ensure its circulation. A 20 W surface mount resistor is cooled with moving DI water and operated at 12.3 W at 25 °C, while this device can only dissipate 7 W at 25 °C if the DI water is static. A 5 W discrete power gallium arsenide (GaAs) die is attached to the microfluidic channel and cooled to operate at 3.45 W at 60 °C under DC operation.
977 RECURRENT PANNICULITIS ASSOCIATED WITH CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES

There is little understanding of the pathogenesis of recurrent panniculitis. It was therefore of interest to find a patient with widespread panniculitis characterized by a specific pattern of inflammatory lymphocytes in the lesions. The C-reactive protein (5.4 mg/dl) and serum immunoglobulins were elevated. Cultures of the lesions were sterile. Her indium-labelled blood leukocytes were found at the sites of subcutaneous lesions. Biopsies of the lesions revealed a lobular panniculitis characterized by many lymphocytes and macrophages but few other types of leukocytes. In addition, few lymphocytes or macrophages were found in the dermis. The types of lymphocytes in the lesions were examined by immunoperoxidase techniques. No immunoglobulin containing cells were found; virtually all lymphocytes were OKT3 positive. Furthermore, no OKT4 positive cells were found, whereas many OKT8 positive cells were identified. She was treated with oral prednisone because of the sensitivity of cytotoxic/suppressor I cells to corticosteroids. Following that treatment, the lesions desappeared promptly and repeat indium scan showed no leukocyte migration to the skin lesions. Furthermore, when the corticosteroid dose was reduced, the lesions rapidly reappeared and the immunohistopathology of those lesions was indistinguishable from the initial ones. Thus, it appears that the panniculitis in this case may be associated with an influx of cytotoxic T cells.
The morphology of hydroxyapatite crystals grown in aqueous solution at 37°C

Abstract The crystallization of hydroxyapatite is of importance, since it is considered to be a model compound for tooth and bone formation. In this study, interference by precursot phases has been avoided by studying the kinetics of crystallization at sustained low supersaturations using a highly reproducible constant composition method over a pH range 5.0–8.5. The resultant appreciable extent of crystallization, of two to four times the amount of inoculating crystals, has enabled striking changes in the morphology of the grown crystals to be followed as a function of the extent of growth, pH of the supersaturated solution and the presence of the chloride ion. In general, HAP was found to grow in the form of needle-like crystals whose length increased linearly with the extent of precipitation. The presence of chloride in the crystallizing medium favored the formation of platy HAP crystals, irrespective of pH, at large extents of growth.
Change in time-of-flight of longitudinal (axisymmetric) wave modes due to lamination in steel pipes

Investigations with the aid of longitudinal guided waves in cylindrical structures have been regularly carried out for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and structural health monitoring (SHM). While earlier works concentrated on the amplitude reduction of the propagating waves due to structural anomalies in this work the change in time-of-flight is investigated. Longitudinal (axisymmetric) modes are excited by a PZT (Lead Zirconate Titanate) transducer for detection of any fluctuation or change in the surface of a steel pipe. Propagating waves are analyzed after proper signal processing. To observe the small change in TOF due to lamination on the surface of a steel pipe, cross-correlation technique is used to attain a higher temporal resolution. The experimental technique is discussed and the obtained results are presented in this paper.
Performance and three-dimensional kinematics of bipedal lizards during obstacle negotiation

Bipedal running is common among lizard species, but although the kinematics and performance of this gait have been well characterized, the advantages in biologically relevant situations are still unclear. Obstacle negotiation is a task that is ecologically relevant to many animals while moving at high speeds, such as during bipedal running, yet little is known about how obstacles impact locomotion and performance. We examined the effects of obstacle negotiation on the kinematics and performance of lizards during bipedal locomotion. We quantified three-dimensional kinematics from high-speed video (500 Hz) of six-lined racerunners ( Aspidoscelis sexlineata ) running on a 3 m racetrack both with and without an obstacle spanning the width of the track. The lizards did not alter their kinematics prior to contacting the obstacle. Although contact with the obstacle caused changes to the hindlimb kinematics, mean forward speed did not differ between treatments. The deviation of the vertical position of the body center of mass did not differ between treatments, suggesting that in the absence of a cost to overall performance, lizards forgo maintaining normal kinematics while negotiating obstacles in favor of a steady body center of mass height to avoid destabilizing locomotion.
The Effects of Surgical Factors on Postoperative Astigmatism in Patients Enrolled in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS)

Purpose To evaluate the effect of surgical factors on postoperative astigmatism in infants undergoing cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study is a multicenter clinical trial in which 114 infants with unilateral congenital cataracts were randomized to undergo cataract extraction with IOL placement or contact lens aphakic correction. Surgical videos were reviewed with regard to incision type and location, whether the incision was extended, the number of sutures placed, and technique of closure. Corneal astigmatism was measured using a handheld keratometer prior to surgery and at 1 year of age. Results Corneal astigmatism decreased from a mean of 1.92 D at baseline to 1.62 D at age 1 year in the contact lens group but remained almost unchanged from 2.00 D to 2.09 D in the IOL group ( P = 0.023). There was no statistical difference between the amount of corneal astigmatism with regard to incision type ( P = 0.214) and no increase in astigmatism with extension of the incision to facilitate IOL placement ( P = 0.849) at 1 year. The number of sutures and technique of closure did not influence the amount of astigmatism at 1 year. Conclusions At the age of 1 year following cataract extraction in infants, contact lens correction and the lack of IOL placement are associated with a significant decrease in postoperative corneal astigmatism compared to IOL placement. No other surgical factors considered in this study had a statistically significant effect on corneal astigmatism.
Chloroplast-DNA variation in Tellima grandiflora (Saxifragaceae)

Tellima grandiflora, a herbaceous, diploid (2n = 14) perennial, is distributed from the peninsula and panhandle of Alaska to central California. Restriction site variation of chloroplast DNA was surveyed in 51 populations representing the geographic range of T. grandiflora using 20 endonucleases. Two well-differentiated clades of populations differing by 19 restriction site mutations and several length mutations are geographically structured. A northern group comprises populations from Alaska to central Oregon; populations from central Oregon to San Francisco, California, form a southern group. The southern lineage of the monotypic Tellima appears to have obtained its chloroplast genome via ancient hybridization with a species of Mitella. Although northern and southern lineages have well-differentiated chloroplast genomes, populations of T. grandiflora show a high degree of genetic similarity of nuclear-encoded allozymes; furthermore, no apparent morphological differences characterize the lineages. Significantly, several populations of T. grandiflora that possess the typical southern chloroplast genome also occur disjunctly on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, and the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Because both areas are proposed glacial refugia, we suggest that past glaciation may have created discontinuities in the geographic distribution of T. grandiflora. Following glaciation, migration of once-isolated populations possessing different chloroplast genomes resulted in the formation of a continuous geographic distribution with a major organellar discontinuity. Additional support for this hypothesis is provided by the presence of welldifferentiated northern and southern chloroplast DNA lineages in Tolmiea menziesii, a species having a geographic distribution and life history traits similar to those of Tellima.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE CHEMICAL WEATHERING OF PLAGIOCLASE IN HAWAIIAN BASALT

Much of the literature that analyzes the effect of various factors on basaltic weathering rates does not assess the synergistic effects of several factors at once. Those studies that do address such synergies generally report their results in formats that are difficult to integrate into geographic analysis. The research outlined in this paper employs multivariate statistics to assess the effect of several environmental variables on the weathering rate of basalts on the Island of Hawaii. The presence of lichens on the surface of the basalt increases weathering rate by an order of magnitude. Weathering that occurs in the absence of lichen cover is regulated by high elevation/low temperature conditions, moisture availability, and the age of the flow. Weathering that occurs in the presence of lichen cover is regulated primarily by moisture availability only. The statistical results reported here are consistent with the results of a geochemical-style analysis of the same dataset reported elsewhere, suggesting ...
Conditional, tissue-specific expression of Q205L Gαi2 in vivo mimics insulin action

Deficiency of the G protein subunit Gαi2 that is known to mediate the inhibitory control of adenylylcyclase impairs insulin action [11]. Using the promoter for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene, conditional, tissue-specific expression of the constitutively active mutant form (Q205L) of Gαi2 was achieved in mice harboring the transgene. Expression of Q205L Gαi2 was detected in liver and adipose tissue of transgenic mice. Whereas the Gαi2 deficient mice displayed blunted glucose tolerance, the Q205L Gαi2 expressing mice displayed enhanced glucose tolerance. Hexose transport and the recruitment of GLUT4, but not GLUT1, transporters to the membrane were elevated in adipocytes from Q205L Gαi2 expressing mice in the absence of insulin. Additionally, hepatic glycogen synthase was found to be activated in Q205L Gαi2 expressing mice, in the absence of the administration of insulin. Serum insulin levels in transgenic mice fasted overnight were equivalent to those of their control littermates. These data demonstrate that much as Gαi2 deficiency leads to insulin resistance, expression of Q205L constitutively active Gαi2 mimics insulin action in vivo, reflecting a permissive role of Gαi2 in signaling via this growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase linked pathway.
Bypass caching: making scientific databases good network citizens

Scientific database federations are geographically distributed and network bound. Thus, they could benefit from proxy caching. However, existing caching techniques are not suitable for their workloads, which compare and join large data sets. Existing techniques reduce parallelism by conducting distributed queries in a single cache and lose the data reduction benefits of performing selections at each database. We develop the bypass-yield formulation of caching, which reduces network traffic in wide-area database federations, while preserving parallelism and data reduction. Bypass-yield caching is altruistic; caches minimize the overall network traffic generated by the federation, rather than focusing on local performance. We present an adaptive, workload-driven algorithm for managing a bypass-yield cache. We also develop on-line algorithms that make no assumptions about workload: a k-competitive deterministic algorithm and a randomized algorithm with minimal space complexity. We verify the efficacy of bypass-yield caching by running workload traces collected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey through a prototype implementation.
Functional and structural specific roles of activity-driven BDNF within circuits formed by single spiny stellate neurons of the barrel cortex

Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays key roles in several neurodevelopmental disorders and actions of pharmacological treatments. However it is uncealr how specific BDNF’s effects are on diffeerent circuit components. Current studies have largely focused on the role of BDNF in modification of synaptic development. The precise roles of BDNF in the refinement of a functional circuit in vivo remain unclear. Val66Met polymorphism of BDNF may be associated with increased risk for cognitive impairments and is mediated at least in part by activity-dependent trafficking and/or secretion of BDNF. Using mutant mice that lacked activity-driven BDNF expression (bdnf-KIV), we previously reported that experience regulation of the cortical GABAergic network is mediated by activity-driven BDNF expression. Here, we demonstrate that activity-driven BDNF’s effects on circuits formed by the layer IV spiny stellate cells are highly specific. Structurally, dendritic but not axonal morphology was altered in the mutant. Physiologically, GABAergic but not glutamatergic synapses were severely affected. The effects on GABA transmission occurs via presynaptic alteration of calcium-dependent release probability. These results suggest that neuronal activity through activity-driven BDNF expression, can selectively regulate specific features of layer IV circuits in vivo. We postulate that the role of activity-dependent BDNF is to modulate the computational ability of circuits that relate to the gain control (i.e. feed-forward inhibition); whereas the basic wiring of circuits relevant to the sensory pathway is spared. Gain control modulation within cortical circuits has broad impact on cognitive processing and brain state-transitions. Cognitive behavior and mode is determined by brain states, thus the studying of circuit alteration by endogenous BDNF provides insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of diseases mediated by BDNF.
Pareto Optimality in Negotiation: A Classroom Exercise for Achieving Active Learning

Abstract An active learning exercise in which students negotiate an agreement in a real estate transaction is described. There are three issues in dispute: sales price, move-in date, and which of the seller's belongings they will leave for the new owners. Because the issues vary in importance to the two negotiators, agreements in which students “split the difference” on all three issues are not efficient. This exercise facilitates discussion of Pareto efficiency in business courses at introductory or intermediate levels. It is also useful as an introduction to bargaining, integrative agreements in negotiation, information, Nash equilibrium, and positive sum games.
Determining Reasonable Academic Adjustments for College Students with Learning Disabilities

Federal law and the implementing regulations have established that appropriate academic adjustments must be provided to college students with learning disabilities in order to ensure meaningful access to higher education. However, federal law is necessarily broad and offers no guidance in how to consider accommodation requests for individual students in specific contexts. To address this issue, legal tenets from federal and case law were examined, and existing guidelines for weighing accommodation requests were reviewed. Recommendations were proposed for determining appropriate academic adjustments for college students with learning disabilities, and persisting issues were discussed.
Utilization of alteplase in trauma victim with an open abdomen

Trauma victims with multisystem injuries are at risk for the development of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus (PE). The use of thrombolytic therapy remains very controversial and not well-documented in both the postsurgical and trauma subset of patients. Major trauma, surgery or head injury have been noted as absolute contraindications to thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. The decision to utilize thrombolytic therapy cannot be algorithmic; it must be based on the assessment findings for each individual patient. The risk to benefit ratio should be the major consideration to ensure the best possible outcome is granted. Treating injured patients experiencing high-risk PE causing an immediate threat to life may necessitate forming a comparative view of the adverse events associated with thrombolytic medications.
Secondary structural elements within the 3' untranslated region of mouse hepatitis virus strain JHM genomic RNA.

Previously, we characterized two host protein binding elements located within the 3′-terminal 166 nucleotides of the mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) genome and assessed their functions in defective-interfering (DI) RNA replication. To determine the role of RNA secondary structures within these two host protein binding elements in viral replication, we explored the secondary structure of the 3′-terminal 166 nucleotides of the MHV strain JHM genome using limited RNase digestion assays. Our data indicate that multiple stem-loop and hairpin-loop structures exist within this region. Mutant and wild-type DIssEs were employed to test the function of secondary structure elements in DI RNA replication. Three stem structures were chosen as targets for the introduction of transversion mutations designed to destroy base pairing structures. Mutations predicted to destroy the base pairing of nucleotides 142 to 136 with nucleotides 68 to 74 exhibited a deleterious effect on DIssE replication. Destruction of base pairing between positions 96 to 99 and 116 to 113 also decreased DI RNA replication. Mutations interfering with the pairing of nucleotides 67 to 63 with nucleotides 52 to 56 had only minor effects on DIssE replication. The introduction of second complementary mutations which restored the predicted base pairing of positions 142 to 136 with 68 to 74 and nucleotides 96 to 99 with 116 to 113 largely ameliorated defects in replication ability, restoring DI RNA replication to levels comparable to that of wild-type DIssE RNA, suggesting that these secondary structures are important for efficient MHV replication. We also identified a conserved 23-nucleotide stem-loop structure involving nucleotides 142 to 132 and nucleotides 68 to 79. The upstream side of this conserved stem-loop is contained within a host protein binding element (nucleotides 166 to 129).
Delayed maximal response to left cardiac sympathectomy for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.

A 22-year-old man with multiple defibrillator shocks for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) refractory to medical therapy underwent thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathectomy (LCS). Serial follow-up exercise tests showed delayed response with complete arrhythmia suppression and markedly improved exercise tolerance 3 months after the procedure. Left cardiac sympathectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that can reduce recurrent CPVT. The maximal effect of LCS may be delayed suggesting remodelling of cardiac sympathetic innervation.
Getting Religion: Has Political Science Rediscovered the Faith Factor?

To judge by the absence of religion from the pages of the American Political Science Review in its first century, most political scientists have embraced a secular understanding of the political world. We explore the evolving status of religion in the discipline by examining patterns of scholarly inquiry in the discipline's flagship journal. After finding religion an (at best) marginal topic and rejecting some plausible hypotheses for this outcome, we examine the major reasons religion has received so little attention—the intellectual origins of the discipline, the social background of practitioners, the complexity of religious measurements, and the event-driven agenda of political science. Despite the resurgence of scholarly interest in religion during the 1980s, the status of the subfield remains tenuous because of the intellectual isolation of research on the topic.
The three phase approach: a comment on strategy-related characteristics of discrete-event languages and models

Hooper,9 in his review of world views in discrete-event simula tion, makes the common mistake of presenting activity scanning as it was first conceived in the 1950s and ignoring its subsequent development. For over 20 years, activity scanning has been sup planted by the three-phase approach, which combines elements of both event scheduling and activity scanning. The three-phase approach is presented and discussed against the world view char acteristics developed by Hooper.
Mimicry of Pre-B Cell Receptor Signaling by Activation of the Tyrosine Kinase Blk

During B lymphoid ontogeny, assembly of the pre–B cell receptor (BCR) is a principal developmental checkpoint at which several Src-related kinases may play redundant roles. Here the Src-related kinase Blk is shown to effect functions associated with the pre-BCR. B lymphoid expression of an active Blk mutant caused proliferation of B progenitor cells and enhanced responsiveness of these cells to interleukin 7. In mice lacking a functional pre-BCR, active Blk supported maturation beyond the pro–B cell stage, suppressed VH to DJH rearrangement, relieved selection for productive heavy chain rearrangement, and stimulated κ rearrangement. These alterations were accompanied by tyrosine phosphorylation of immunoglobulin β and Syk, as well as changes in gene expression consistent with developmental maturation. Thus, sustained activation of Blk induces responses normally associated with the pre-BCR.
Intracoronary radiation : it keeps on glowing.

Stents are now used routinely for catheter-based coronary revascularization procedures. Early clinical trials of stents demonstrated reduced rates of angiographic restenosis compared with balloon angioplasty alone.1 2 3 In a registry analysis of 1403 patients, 64% of whom were treated with stents, the need for repeat revascularization was 39% less than in a similar cohort having coronary intervention in the prestent era.4 In addition to enhancing the durability of coronary angioplasty, stents appear to improve its safety. As stent usage has increased further, the rates of abrupt artery closure and complex dissection associated with catheter-based interventions have declined progressively from 2% to 1% and from 11% to 5%, respectively.5 Stents have also expanded the pool of patients suitable for nonsurgical revascularization. Lesions that are treated currently are longer and are located in more tortuous and smaller arteries. Although stents substantially reduce the relative risk for lesion recurrence, the absolute chance of experiencing restenosis is still significant. Furthermore, when restenosis occurs within a stent, conventional treatments are of limited value, as repeat in-stent restenosis is observed in 54% to 66% of patients.6 7 8 There have been many attempts to improve on these results by placing a new stent within the original stent and supplementing repeat balloon angioplasty with excimer laser, high-speed rotational atherectomy and directional atherectomy. None of these strategies, however, have proved particularly successful. …
The microfluidic palette: A diffusive gradient generator with spatio-temporal control

This paper describes a new microfluidic device called the “microfluidic palette”, capable of generating multiple spatial chemical gradients simultaneously inside a microfluidic chamber. The unique aspect of this work is that chemical gradients are generated by diffusion, without convection, and can either be held constant over long periods, or modified dynamically. We characterized a representative device with a 1.5 mm circular chamber where diffusion takes place, and three access-ports for the delivery and removal of solutes. The gradient stabilizes in ≈ 15 min for small molecules and can be maintained constant indefinitely. We demonstrate overlapping gradients with different spatial location and a controlled rotation of a diffusive gradient around its centre. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of this tool to study the chemotactic response of the bacteria P. aeruginosa to glucose.
Direct kinematic solution of a Stewart platform

The Stewart platform is a fully parallel, six-degree-of-freedom manipulator mechanism. Although its inverse kinematics have been extensively studied, no solutions to the direct position kinematics problem have been previously presented in the literature. A solution of the direct kinematics problem of the case in which the six limbs form three concurrent pairs at either the base or the hand member is presented. Even though it is not the most general possible configuration, this case does include many arrangements that have been used in practical robot mechanisms. >
A Dynamic Programming Algorithm for Robust Runway Scheduling

An algorithm for generating schedules of airport runway operations that are robust to perturbations caused by system uncertainty is presented. The algorithm computes a tradeoff curve between runway throughput and the probability that random deviations of aircraft from the schedule violate system constraints and require intervention from air traffic controllers. The algorithm accommodates various operational constraints imposed by the terminal-area system such as minimum separation requirements between successive aircraft, earliest and latest times for each aircraft, precedence constraints among aircraft and the limited flexibility in deviating from the first-come-first-served (FCFS) order afforded to air traffic controllers (a concept known as Constrained Position Shifting). When the maximum allowable number of position shifts from the FCFS order is bounded by a constant, the complexity of the algorithm is O(n(L/isin)3), where n is the number of aircraft, L is largest difference between the latest and earliest arrival time over all aircraft, and e is the desired output accuracy.
Effects of the ionizable components in cast phenoplasts

The various stages employed in the production of a phenolformaldehyde cast resin are discussed. It is assumed that the chains formed during the condensation stage undergo a rearrangement upon acidification to yield roughly spherical, stabilized micelles. These micelles are concentrated by dehydration until coalescence begins. At this point the chains again rearrange and the resin becomes the continuous phase. Pronounced changes in the properties of the system are observed at this critical point. The effects produced by undercondensation, overcondensation, overdehydration, etc. are mentioned briefly. The ionizable components, by determining the interfacial pH during the curing stage, are shown to be directly related to the rate of cure, stability, color, light transmissibility, etc. of the cured casting. Transparent castings are expected only when an ionizable component of the proper refractive powers is oriented at the interface. An examination of the immediately available data provides a lead to the future changes that can be expected as aging progresses.
Disaster preparedness and pediatrics: what's next?

1. Gary Q. Peck, MD 1. Chairperson, Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council American Academy of Pediatrics Elk Grove Village, Ill Life in America has changed forever after the events of September 11, 2001, and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Unfortunately, children and families are still suffering from these catastrophes. As a pediatrician from New Orleans, a former member of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Board of Directors, and the chairperson of the AAP Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council, I would like to extend a personal invitation to all pediatricians to join the AAP in its ongoing efforts to protect children in future disasters. The array of issues involved can be daunting, and it is difficult to know where to start. Most pediatricians and their office staff are not as prepared as they should or could be for a disaster. Yet, without adequate preparation, tragic and avoidable adverse outcomes occur. The AAP has begun several initiatives to address the systems issues related to disaster preparedness and to support children, families, and pediatricians in planning appropriately. In May 2007, the AAP Board of Directors appointed the Disaster Preparedness Advisory Council to develop and implement a 3- to 5-year plan that will: Disaster readiness objectives include:
Algorithms for modeling distributions over large alphabets

We consider the problem of modeling a distribution whose alphabet size is large relative to the amount of observed data. It is well known that conventional maximum-likelihood estimates do not perform well in that regime. Instead, we find the distribution maximizing the probability of the data's pattern. We derive an efficient algorithm for approximating this distribution. Simulations show that the computed distribution models the data well and yields general estimators that evaluate various data attributes as well as specific estimators designed especially for these tasks
Occult abnormal pregnancies after first post–embryo transfer serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels of 1.0–5.0 mIU/mL

Objective To assess the occult pregnancy rate after "negative" first post−embryo transfer (ET) serum β-hCG results. Design Two-part retrospective cohort study and nested case series. Setting University-based fertility center. Patient(s) A total of 1,571 negative first post-ET serum β-hCG results were included in the study; 1,326 results (primary cohort, June 2009–December 2013) were initially reported as Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Rates of occult pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and complications after negative first post-ET serum β-hCG results. Result(s) A total of 88.8% (1,178/1,326) of the negative first post-ET results reported as Conclusion(s) The majority of negative first post-ET serum β-hCG levels are
GENETIC METHODS FOR ANALYSIS AND MANIPULATION OF INVERSION MUTATIONS IN BACTERIA

A number of genetic methods for the isolation, characterization and manipulation of large chromosomal inversions in Salmonella typhimurium are described. One inversion-carrying mutant is characterized in detail and used to demonstrate a number of unique genetic properties of bacterial inversions.—Contrary to expectation, it was found that large inversion mutations can be repaired by generalized transduction. The repair results from the simultaneous introduction of two wild-type transduced fragments into a single recipient cell. Homologous recombination between the two transduced fragments and the two inversion breakpoints causes the inverted segment to be reinverted. This results in regeneration of the wild-type orientation of this chromosome segment. Similar recombination events allow a large inversion mutation to be introduced into a wild-type strain; two transduced fragments from an inversion strain cause recombination events resulting in inversion of a large chromosome segment.—Genetic methods for mapping the extent of a large inversion mutation by generalized transduction are described and tested. The methods are operationally simple and allow good resolution of the two inversion breakpoints.
Radical Libertarianism: Applying Libertarian Principles to Dealing with the Unjust Government, Parts I & II

The present paper attempts to trace out the implications of the libertarian philosophy for the proper relationship between an inhabitant of a country, and its unjust government.Part I of this paper includes section 2, in which the stage is set for answering this challenging question, section 3, in which the essence of the state is discussed, section 4, in which libertarian punishment theory is introduced and the beginning of section 5, in which the concept of the libertarian Nuremberg trial is explored, and in 5a. the assumption that all citizens are guilty of the crimes of the unjust state is rejected.In Part II of this paper, we begin with section 5b. which considers the possibility that all and only minions of the unjust state are guilty for its crimes, in a continuation of our libertarian Nuremberg trial analysis, and 5c. introduces libertarian ruling class theory. Section 6 traces out the proper relations between the subjects and the unjust government, section 7 asks if it is ever legitimate to disrupt such an institution, and we conclude in section 8.
Canine limbic system substance P receptors

A canine limbic system preparation is utilized as a source of substance P receptor(s) to screen gradient RP-HPLC fractions for the presence of receptoractive-substance P activity, and to quantify endogenous receptoractive-substance p in biological extracts such as human tooth pulp. The binding characteristics, KD = 1.3 nM and Bmax = 11 fmol mg-1 protein, are similar to values obtained from receptors produced from other biological sources such as whole rat brain, minus cerebellum.
Design issues for hardware implementation of an algorithm for segmenting hyperspectral imagery

Modern hyperspectral imagers can produce data cubes with hundreds of spectral channels and millions of pixels. One way to cope with this massive volume is to organize the data so that pixels with similar spectral content are clustered together in the same category. This provides both a compression of the data and a segmentation of the image that can be useful for other image processing tasks downstream. The classic approach for segmentation of multidimensional data is the k-means algorithm; this is an iterative method that produces successively better segmentations. It is a simple algorithm, but the computational expense can be considerable, particularly for clustering large hyperspectral images into many categories. The ASAPP (Accelerating Segmentation And Pixel Purity) project aims to relieve this processing bottleneck by putting the k-means algorithm into field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware. The standard software implementation of k-means uses floating-point arithmetic and Euclidean distances. By fixing the precision of the computation and by employing alternative distance metrics (we consider the “Manhattan” and the “Max” metrics as well as a linear combination of the two), we can fit more distance-computation nodes on the chip, obtain a higher degree of fine-grain parallelism, and therefore faster performance, but at the price of slightly less optimal clusters. We investigate the effects of different distance metrics from both a theoretical (using random simulated data) and an empirical viewpoint (using 224-channel AVIRIS images and 10-channel multispectral images that are derived from the AVIRIS data to simulate MTI data).
AN AUTOMATIC COMPUTER-AIDED DETECTION SYSTEM FOR AIRCRAFT EMERGENCY LANDING

An automatic computer-aided detection (CAD) system is proposed to assist aircraft pilots to find safe emergency landing sites where no runway is available. Conventionally, pilots are trained to identify safe landing sites by looking to the ground with raw eyes. But human vision can be significantly affected by weather conditions. Also the crucial decision greatly depends on the pilot’s flight experience. In addition, the pilot will be under the huge pressure in such extremely urgent situations. Time is another vital factor of the survival of passengers and the pilot himself. Therefore, a robust, reliable and efficient algorithm of selecting candidate landing sites is strongly desired. By applying image processing and analysis techniques we proposed an automatic CAD system and preliminary results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
Surface Charge of a Nanoparticle Interacting with a Flat Substrate

Electrostatic interactions between two charged dielectric objects highly depend on their surface charge. Most existing studies assume constant surface charge densities between the two interacting objects regardless of the separation distance between them. The surface charge of a spherical silica nanoparticle interacting with a flat silica plate is investigated numerically as a function of the separation distance normalized with the electrical double layer thickness (κh), pH, and background salt concentration. The numerical model employs Poisson–Nernst–Planck equations for ionic mass transport and considers surface charge regulation in the presence of multiple ionic species. Relatively weak interactions between the nanoparticle and the plate are observed for κh ≫ 1, resulting in uniform surface charge densities. Because of curvature, the surface charge density of the nanoparticle is higher than that of the plate. Strong interactions are observed for κh ≤ 1, leading to spatially nonuniform surface charge de...
CRT-200.50 Efficacy of Embolic Protection Device During Saphenous Vein Graft Intervention - Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Embolic protection devices (EPD) have been shown to be effective in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after saphenous vein graft (SVG) intervention and recommended by current guidelines. However, the necessity of the EDPs have been questioned in recent retrospective studies. Due to
Perturbation Theory of Operator Equations in the FréChet and Hilbert Spaces

The perturbation theory is constructed in the Frechet and Hilbert spaces. An iterative process is proposed for finding branching solutions.
Developmental Changes in the Use of Information in Impressison Formation

(1979). Developmental Changes in the Use of Information in Impressison Formation. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 134, No. 2, pp. 185-191.
One sequence, many interesting ideas in analysis

for each positive integer n. This sequence nicely illustrates the theorem that guarantees the convergence of bounded monotone sequences: it is elementary to prove that our sequence is increasing and bounded above by 1, and so it has a limit. However, for the novice at least, it is not at all clear what the limit of the sequence is. Hence, the existence of the limit is established without knowing its value. Somewhat surprisingly, it turns out that this sequence also illustrates Riemann sums and rearrangements of conditionally convergent series. Furthermore, as we will show, the sequence can be generalized without losing any of its interesting features. We begin by summarizing five properties of the sequence {xn }, and advise the reader to work through the elementary justifications of these facts before reading further.
Role of phrenic nerve in respiratory distress secondary to Lyme neuroborreliosis

Abstract Introduction Critical importance of phrenic nerve, in patients with Lyme disease is discussed. Aim This paper addresses the critical importance of phrenic nerve and Lyme disease. Material and methods Medline searches were conducted in context of phrenic nerve, Lyme neuroborreliosis, thoracic diaphragm, and respiratory distress. Results and discussion The advancements in treatment options in Lyme disease were reviewed using current literature. Applied anatomy of the phrenic nerve and its dysfunction in neuroborreliosis is described in the article. Conclusion This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the importance of the phrenic nerve in Lyme disease.
Continuous Time Representations of Song in Zebra Finches

Neurons in the songbird nucleus HVC produce premotor bursts time locked to song with millisecond precision. In this issue of Neuron, Lynch et al. (2016) and Picardo et al. (2016) provide convincing evidence that the population of these bursts contain a continuous representation of time throughout song.
Quantitative morphometry of the adult human bladder

AbstractThe primary objective of the present retrospective study was to characterize the effects of aging and BPH on bladder morphometry. Eighty-six bladder specimens were obtained from the autopsy archives of the Milwaukee County Medical Complex. The bladder specimens were divided into 4 groups based upon age and gender: Group I: males between the ages of 35–45 years; Group II: males between the ages of 65–75 years; Group III: females between the ages of 35–45 years; and Group IV: females between the ages of 65–75 years. The age groups were selected in order to identify a group of males with and without BPH. The area density of smooth muscle:connective tissue was determined in bladder specimens using color assisted computer image analysis. Masson-trichrome and double immunoenzymatic staining techniques were used to discriminate the smooth muscle and connective tissue elements of the bladder. The area density of smooth musclexonnective tissue in the Masson-trichrome stained sections was significantly grea...
The Semiotics of Film in US Supreme Court Cases

This chapter explores the treatment of film as a cultural object among varied legal subject matter in US Supreme Court jurisprudence. Film is significant as an object or industry well beyond its incarnation as popular media. Its role in law – even the highest level of US appellate law – is similarly varied and goes well beyond the subject of a copyright case (as a moving picture) or as an evidentiary proffer (as a video of a criminal confession). This chapter traces the discussion of film in US Supreme Court cases in order to map the wide-ranging and diverse ­relations of film to law – a semiotics of film in the high court’s jurisprudence – to decouple the notion of film with entertainment or visual truth.
Identifying Core Functional Networks and Functional Modules within Artificial Neural Networks via Subsets Regression

As the power and capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) grow, so do their size and complexity. To both decipher and improve ANNs, we need to build better tools that help us understand their inner workings. To that end, we introduce an algorithm called Subsets Regression on network Connectivity (SRC). SRC allows us to prune away unimportant nodes and connections in ANNs, revealing a core functional network (CFN) that is simpler and thus easier to analyze. SRC can also identify functional modules within an ANN. We demonstrate SRC's capabilities on both directly and indirectly encoded ANNs evolved to solve a modular problem. In many of the cases when evolution produces a highly entangled, non-modular ANN, SRC reveals that a CFN is hidden within these networks that is actually sparse and modular. That finding will substantially impact the sizable and ongoing research into the evolution of modularity and will encourage researchers to revisit previous results on that topic. We also show that the SRC algorithm can more accurately estimate the modularity Q-Score of a network than state-of-the-art approaches. Overall, SRC enables us to greatly simplify ANNs in order to better understand and improve them, and reveals that they often contain hidden modular structures within.
Hearing: An Introduction to Psychological and Physiological Acoustics, Fourth Edition

Brimming with more than more than 1700 references, this reader-friendly and extensively revised Fourth Edition will prove invaluable to instructors and students alike-providing a unified approach to the anatomical, physiological, and perceptual aspects of audition with updated chapters on the latest developments in the field.
Electronic Structure of (CS2)2(

We investigate theoretically the electronic structure of (CS2)2-. Five different low-lying forms of the anion are identified. These include the ion−molecule complex and a covalently bonded dimer anion, both of which have electronic configurations consistent with electron attachment to the LUMO of the van der Waals dimer. The other species, including the most stable form of the anion, all have cyclic structures and can be viewed as arising from electron capture by cyclic covalently bonded neutral dimers, with electronic configurations doubly excited with respect to the van der Waals dimer. Vertical detachment energies are calculated for the various anions and lead us to reassign the features in the observed photoelectron spectra of (CS2)2-.