cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modelling petroleum migration through microcrack propagation in transversely isotropic source rocks

SUMMARY To investigate primary petroleum migration through microfracturing of source rocks, we develop a theoretical multiphysics model incorporating simultaneous generation of oil and gas from kerogen, elastic anisotropy of the source rock and propagation of microcracks filled with oil and gas. The variations of excess fluid pressure in the crack and crack propagation distance with time are determined. A detailed parametric analysis is performed to study the sensitivity of petroleum migration behaviour to changes in the input parameters including kerogen type (chemistry of kerogen to oil/gas conversion), elastic anisotropy of source rocks, geothermal gradient and burial rate. Numerical results show that a microcrack in type III kerogen-bearing source rocks can attain greater length than in rocks containing type I and II kerogen which have higher oil potentials and transform to oil/gas much faster than type III kerogen. Elastic anisotropy of source rocks has a profound influence on the crack propagation distance, but only a marginal effect on the duration of crack propagation and the excess fluid pressure. The simulation also shows that higher geothermal gradients and fast burial reduce the crack propagation duration significantly, but excess pressure and final crack length are not sensitive to the variations of geothermal gradient and burial rate.
Optimizing Recursive Information-Gathering Plans

In this paper we describe two optimization techniques that are specially tailored for information gathering. The first is a greedy minimization algorithm that minimizes an information gathering plan by removing redundant and overlapping information sources without loss of completeness. We then discuss a set of heuristics that guide the greedy minimization algorithm so as to remove costlier information sources first. In contrast to previous work, our approach can handle recursive query plans that arise commonly in practice. Second, we present a method for ordering the access to sources to reduce the execution cost. Sources on the Internet have a variety of access limitations and the execution cost in information gathering is affected both by network traffic and by the connection setup costs. We describe a way of representing the access capabilities of sources, and provide a greedy algorithm for ordering source calls that respects source limitations, and takes both access costs and traffic costs into account, without requring full source statistics. Finally, we will discuss implementation and empirical evaluation of these methods in Emerac, our prototype information gathering system.
Context-Aware Dynamic Presentation Synthesis for Exploratory Multimodal Environments

In this paper, we develop a novel real-time, interactive, automatic multimodal exploratory environment that dynamically adapts the media presented, to user context. There are two key contributions of this paper-(a) development of multimodal user-context model and (b) modeling the dynamics of the presentation to maximize coherence. We develop a novel user-context model comprising interests, media history, interaction behavior and tasks, that evolves based on the specific interaction. We also develop novel metrics between media elements and the user context. The presentation environment dynamically adapts to the current user context. We develop an optimal media selection and display framework that maximizes coherence, while constrained by the user-context, user goals and the structure of the knowledge in the exploratory environment. The experimental results indicate that the system performs well. The results also show that user-context models significantly improve presentation coherence
The Additive Effects of Scripted Lessons Plus Guided Notes on Science Quiz Scores of Students With Intellectual Disability and Autism

This study examined the effects of scripted lessons (SLs) alone and in combination with guided notes during science instruction on science quiz scores of three elementary students with moderate to severe intellectual disability and autism. This study used a multiple probe across three science units design with replication across students and included four conditions of baseline, SLs, scripted lessons plus guided notes (SLs + GNs), and maintenance. Results showed a change in level from baseline to the SLs condition for all three participants and additional slight improvement in scores during the SLs + GNs condition for two participants. Furthermore, acquisition of science content was maintained over time for all participants. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Toward a Physically Based Gravity Wave Source Parameterization in a General Circulation Model

Abstract Middle atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) must employ a parameterization for small-scale gravity waves (GWs). Such parameterizations typically make very simple assumptions about gravity wave sources, such as uniform distribution in space and time or an arbitrarily specified GW source function. The authors present a configuration of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) that replaces the arbitrarily specified GW source spectrum with GW source parameterizations. For the nonorographic wave sources, a frontal system and convective GW source parameterization are used. These parameterizations link GW generation to tropospheric quantities calculated by the GCM and provide a model-consistent GW representation. With the new GW source parameterization, a reasonable middle atmospheric circulation can be obtained and the middle atmospheric circulation is better in several respects than that generated by a typical GW source specification. In particular, the interannual NH stratospher...
Temporal and Cellular Specificity of Expression of the Murine Homeobox-Containing Gene Hox-1.4

The homeobox is a 183 bp DNA sequence which was originally identified in Drosophila genes that are important in development. Its conservation in the genomes of diverse groups of animals, including mammals, provides a means for isolating potential development-regulating genes. Our studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of the structure and expression of the mouse homeobox-containing gene Hox-1.4. Hox-1.4 is a member of the Hox-1 cluster of six homeobox-containing genes covering a region of ~80 kb on mouse chromosome 6. Hox-1.4 is unique in that its expression is restricted to the testis in the adult animal in a cell type-specific manner. The transcripts are found at comparable levels in meiotic prophase spermatocytes, early spermatids, and in cytoplasmic fragments of elongated spermatids and residual bodies. Northern blot hybridization analysis revealed that two different sized Hox-1.4 transcripts are detected in germ cells. The larger of the transcripts is found in post-meiotic cells. A third size class of Hox-1.4 transcripts are seen in embryos as early as 9.5 days of gestation. In situ hybridization analysis of Hox-1.4 expression in day 13.5 embryos reveals localizaton in the dorsal myelencephalon and the high cervical spinal column. We are currently: (a) investigating the molecular basis of the differences in Hox-1.4 transcript size; (b) examining the expression of other members of the Hox-1 locus during male and female germ cell development; and (c) using transgenic mice carrying Hox-1.4 constructs to identify the regulatory elements necessary for the testicular and embryonic expression.
G protein coupling of human platelet V1 vascular vasopressin receptors

We used several approaches to identify the G protein coupled to V1 vascular arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors of human platelets. In purified platelet membranes, high-affinity specific binding of [3H]AVP but not that of the V1 vascular antagonist [3H]d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP was modulated by guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) or sodium fluoride both in the presence and absence of MgCl2. AVP failed to modify the [alpha-32P]GTP labeling pattern or the cytosolic translocation of the 24- to 27-kDa GTP-binding proteins. AVP-stimulated GTPase activity of platelet membranes was blocked by antibodies specific for the COOH-terminal of the Gq alpha protein. AVP increased labeling of a 42-kDa platelet membrane protein by the photoreactive GTP analogue [alpha-32P]azidoanilido GTP. Immunoblotting of platelet proteins with various G protein-specific antibodies revealed that the 42-kDa protein labeled with [alpha-32P]azidoanilido GTP was immunoblotted only by antibodies specific for the alpha-subunit of GQ-11. Thus V1 vascular AVP receptors of human platelets are coupled in a divalent cation-dependent manner to a G protein belonging to the Gq-11 family.
Educating Critical Thinkers: The Role of Epistemic Cognition

Proliferating information and viewpoints in the 21st century require an educated citizenry with the ability to think critically about complex, controversial issues. Critical thinking requires epistemic cognition: the ability to construct, evaluate, and use knowledge. Epistemic dispositions and beliefs predict many academic outcomes, as well as whether people use their epistemic cognition skills, for example, scrutinizing methods in science and evaluating sources in history. The evidence supporting the importance of epistemic cognition, inside and outside of the classroom, has led to a growing body of intervention research. However, more research can reveal how to best position teachers and students to develop and enact productive epistemic cognition. Promising directions for future research and policy include developing learning environments that promote students’ epistemic cognition and subsequent critical thinking, as well as incorporating this work into educator preparation programs.
In-Situ TEM Observation of Electromigration Damage by Surface or Interface Diffusion in Al and Al Alloy Films

In-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) electromigration damage (EMD) tests were performed on pure Al films which were thermally evaporated onto oxidized silicon wafers under different deposition conditions. Three different aluminum alloy films, Al-2wt%Cu, Al-8wt%Cu, and Al-2wt%Cu-lwt%Si were also examined. TEM images were recorded photographically and by a video camcorder. The sample stripes were stressed by a high DC current density (≈1.5 MA/cm2). A linear temperature ramp (5°C/min) was supplied by an external, computer controlled heater. The morphology of EMD-induced voids was found to be strongly dependent on microstructure. In small grain size Al stripes, EMD occurred by the formation of void “fingers” which propagated in an almost random manner. In large grain size Al and Al alloy stripes, the EMD-elongated voids propagated approximately parallel to each other and along the field direction. They were preceded with clearly identifiable local thinning. The thinned regions often had crystallographic edges. Contrary to the commonly held belief that EMD occurs only by a grain boundary diffusion mechanism, the present study clearly shows that surface or interface diffusion was the dominant, latter stage EMD failure mode in large grain size films.
HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS IN SPOT ANTHRACNOSE OF DESMODIUM

but not spongy parenchyma is invaded by hyphae when the pathogen enters a leaf via the upper epidermis; the reverse is true when it penetrates from the lower side. Only host cells close to hyphae show response. Mesophyll cells in the invaded region exhibit loss of chloroplasts, hyperplasia and hypertrophy; distinctive patterns of cell arrangement are usually found in the modified tissue. There is little or no necrosis in the mesophyll, but epidermal cells in the lesion area are destroyed by an envelopment and crushing process. In stems the mycelium develops chiefly in the cortical parenchyma, which reacts similarly to leaf mesophyll. Invasion of the pith occurs occasionally; this tissue appears to be highly compatible with the fungus.
The Elusive Initial Electrocardiogram in Patients With St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Some patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have an initial 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) that is not diagnostic for STEMI, but meet diagnostic criteria on a subsequent ECG. In these patients, if serial ECGs are not performed, the diagnosis of STEMI may be delayed or missed
6-GHz operation of a flip-chip mounted 1.3-µm laser diode on an AlGaAs/GaAs HBT laser driver circuit

At high bit rates parasitics associated with bond wires or power loss incurred driving transmission line matched laser diodes are problematic. Extensive efforts toward solution of these problems by the monolithic integration of laser diodes with drive circuits have been undertaken. Here we present an alternative solution in which the laser diode is fabricated with both contacts on the top side and is then flip-chip bonded directly to the laser driver circuit. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration of a laser diode flip-chip mounted directly to a driver circuit.
Hedging strategy for ethanol processing with copula distributions

It has become important for ethanol producers to hedge input and output price risks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze an ethanol-producing firm's strategy to reduce price risks for inputs and outputs. Corn is the primary input, and the outputs are ethanol, corn oil, distillers' dried grains (DDGs), and renewable identification numbers (RINs). A theoretical model is developed including margins and risk is measured using value at risk (VaR). An empirical model is developed and extended to VaR using copulas to analyze the marginal distribution and dependence structure for input and output prices on margins. Efficient frontier curves analyzing VaR with and without copula are discussed. The results compare varying risk-strategy measures for long corn, short corn, and combining short and long corn. Sensitivity analyses are conducted for functional changes in the margin as a result of ethanol price changes.
Syndrome of infertility patients from traditional Chinese medical perspective:A study of 297 patients in Qujing

A study was done on 297 male infertility patients in Qujing to summarize TCM syndromic formation of male infertility patients based on their age, occupation, course of disease, symptoms, tongue and pulse. A comparison was also made with the traditional infertility syndrome regularity,to provide new theoretical reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
Realization of Web-based Framework of Procurement System

Web-based enterprise information system is an important trend in the current information technology. Particularly procurement system,buyers may need to purchase in different places,such enterprise Intranet system becomes non-availability. In order to use the procurement system at the auxiliary procurement,the procurement system should change to Web-based. Through J2EE architecture,the use of EJB technology,ERP design analysis,research JBoss application specific configuration and the Web-based framework to achieve.
Flow Cytometry as a Predictor of Response and Progression in Patients with Superficial Bladder Cancer Treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

AbstractSimiltaneous bladder wash flow cytometry, voided urinary cytology and cystoscopic examinations were performed at 3-month intervals during a median of 18 months (range 5.5 to 50 months) in 65 patients receiving intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Of the 65 patients treated 36 (56 per cent) had a complete response, 12 (18 per cent) had no response and 17 (26 per cent) had progression. Results of examinations at 6 months suggested that a negative bladder wash flow cytometry (29 of 36 patients, r equals 0.73, p less than 10−7) is a strong predictor of response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin, comparable with cytological (r equals 0.60, p less than 10−7) or cystoscopic (r equals 0.38, p less than 0.005) examinations alone or combined with cytology (r equals 0.74, p less than 10−7).At 6 months a positive bladder wash flow cytometry (r equals 0.44, p less than 0.0005) is as strong a predictor of disease progression as a positive cystoscopic examination (r equals 0....
Urticaria and angioedema.

Although mediation by immunologic mechanisms has been established in some instances of urticaria and angioedema, most cases remain idiopathic. Immunologic or not, these conditions may herald a life-threatening event.
Prognostic Factors in Pancreatic Carcinoma

Pancreatic cancer is a relatively common malignancy. Its gravity is underscored by the low overall cure rates. A number of clinical, pathologic, and molecular factors have been identified that predict survival of patients with this neoplasm. These factors are reviewed and analyzed.
Skepticism About Induction

Another way of challenging our scientific knowledge is to challenge our knowledge of all unobserved cases and our ability to make justified predictions about what will happen on the basis of previous observations. The skeptic about induction claims that while we might observe many, many instances of As that are Bs this does not allow us to know that the next A we observe will be a B (or even reasonably believe that it will be or is likely to be a B). This sort of inductive skepticism poses a major threat to our scientific knowledge as well as our commonsense knowledge of the world around us. After all, we depend on this sort of inference (from observed cases to what we expect to observe in the future) every day. This chapter argues that again the skeptical challenge can be overcome by carefully understanding the sort of explanationist account of evidential support which has been developed in earlier chapters.
Eleven microsatellite loci for two invasive freshwater apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata (Ampullariidae)

Pomacea canaliculata and P. maculata are major invasive species that continue to spread and negatively impact aquatic habitats globally. Herein we report the development of a set of highly polymorphic microsatellite loci that readily amplify in both species, and that will be informative for understanding the pathways of spread and population structure across the native and non-native range. The high polymorphism of these markers should also provide substantial power for refining the estimated origins of the introduced populations. However, they are uninformative for assessing introgressive hybridization between the two species because of shared alleles.
Pre-injury polypharmacy predicts mortality in isolated severe traumatic brain injury patients.

Abstract Background The use of 5 or more medications is defined as polypharmacy (PPM). The clinical impact of PPM on the isolated severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patient has not been defined. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed at our academic level 1 trauma center examining patients with isolated TBI. Pre-injury medications were reviewed, and inhospital mortality was the primary measured outcome. Results There were 698 patients with an isolated TBI over the 5-year study period; 177 (25.4%) patients reported pre-injury PPM. There were 18 (10.2%) deaths in the PPM cohort and 24 (4.6%) deaths in the non-PPM cohort ( P P = .019). Conclusions Pre-injury PPM increases mortality in patients with isolated severe TBI. This knowledge may provide opportunities for intervention in this population.
Experimental studies of nucleation

Crystal nucleation is the first stage of the protein crystallization process; it is usually considered the bottleneck in growing high quality protein crystals. Also, it not easy to measure crystal nucleation rates directly. The earlier indirect experimental studies of nucleation were performed using quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) [246], dynamic light scattering [247–249], and also X-ray and neutron scattering. By using the diffusion approximation, one can extract from the scattering data the distribution of particle (molecules and aggregates) sizes. One peak in the scattering intensity corresponds to the molecule's size. The second peak corresponds to the aggregate size. Observing the second peak can provide some information about the nucleation kinetics. The disadvantage of such methods is that they require various assumptions about particle shapes and the scattering intensity distribution that are difficult to verify. In this chapter we review several experimental studies of homogeneous nucleation. We note at the onset that it is notoriously difficult to avoid heterogeneous nucleation in experimental measurements. In fact, there is still an ongoing debate as to whether the observed nucleation for lysozyme, discussed in Section 8.1, is homogeneous or heterogeneous. We do not discuss this issue here; an excellent review of heterogeneous nucleation and its possible relevance to lysozyme is given in ref. [619].
Particle Tribology: Granular, Slurry, and Powder Tribosystems

The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader a basic understanding of particles in sliding contact. First, we will describe granular flows (the flow of inelastic particles that transfer momentum primarily through collisions) from a tribology perspective, including modeling and experiments that have been conducted inside and outside of the tribology community. Second, slurry flow (particles in gas or liquids) tribosystems will be discussed including models and experiments related to the flow of particles in fluids. And finally, we conclude with a section on powder lubrication (soft particles which coalesce under load and coat surface asperities), where thick and thin film powder lubrication is discussed along with select modeling and experimental approaches.
A Survey of Social Media Use and Preferences in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background With the recent increase in the use of social media, patients with chronic illnesses are using the Internet as a resource for disease management. As the peak incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) occurs in patients between the ages of 15 and 30, IBD is a suitable condition to study social media use. The aim of this study was to assess social media usage and preferences in patients with IBD. Methods We administered a survey to 118 patients with IBD at our outpatient practice at the Boston Medical Center (BMC), Center for Digestive Disorders, and the University of Southern Alabama (USA) between November 1, 2015, and March 9, 2016. Results The most frequently used IBD-specific social media website was the CCFA (86%). High-frequency social media users were more likely to agree that "social media is useful for managing my IBD," compared with low-frequency social media users (OR 3.23, 0.3-10.1, P = 0.199). Fifty-five percent of respondents were interested in obtaining patient-with-IBD education through social media, or organizations such as the CCFA, whereas 45% did not express interest. Sixty-two percent of patients would be interested in following a social media account established by their gastroenterologist. Privacy and/or confidentiality issues were the primary barriers to social media use. Last, most patients were unsure of the quality of IBD information posted online. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that patients who frequently use social media are highly interested in using social media in the management of their IBD. Most patients with IBD in our study were interested in receiving IBD information from their gastroenterologist and other patient-related organizations through social media. Most patients are unsure of the quality of IBD information posted on social media. Gastroenterologists should be aware that their patients may use social media to obtain disease education. Future studies should assess the quality of IBD information on social media and the effectiveness of communication through social media as a means to improve patient education and outcomes.
Extremity Replantation or Transplantation

Accidental injuries occur daily. Most are not life or limb threatening. Traumatic amputations do occur on occasion and usually involve smaller structures such as fingers or thumbs. Occasionally, these injuries may result in more major transections including the hand, foot, arm, or leg. Depending on the type of injury and the condition of the amputation, tissue replantation of the severed tissue may be attempted. Smaller tissue reattachments, such as fingers, are usually successful and provide function. However, major amputations—especially above the elbow or knee—despite viability may lack functionality. When the tissue is not salvageable, future transplantation in selected cases has been successful for hand amputation.
Serum biomarkers of inflammation and muscle strength among women with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Abstract Objectives Muscle strength is an important determinant of physical function in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Serum biomarkers of inflammation, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP), are associated with differences in muscle strength among individuals without rheumatologic disease. We examined whether serum levels of IL-6 and CRP are associated with upper and lower extremity muscle strength among adult women with SLE. Methods One hundred thirty-six women with SLE participated in this cross-sectional study. High-sensitivity CRP was analyzed by nephelometry. IL-6 serum levels were analyzed by high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Upper and lower extremity muscle strength were assessed by grip strength and peak torque of knee extension and flexion, respectively. Regression analyses modeled associations of CRP and IL-6 with upper and lower extremity muscle strength controlling for age, SLE duration, physical activity, prednisone use, BMI, plaquenil use, and pain. Results Higher serum levels of IL-6 and CRP were associated with significantly weaker upper and lower extremity muscle strength even when controlling for covariates. Conclusions Increased serum IL-6 and CRP are associated with clinically significant differences in upper and lower extremity muscle strength and may be useful in identifying those at risk for weakness and decreased physical function.
Generalized stacking fault energy and dislocation properties in NiTi shape memory alloys

Abstract Dislocations in the austenite phase of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloys (SMAs) are of critical importance mainly due to their connection to the unrecoverable strains accumulated in SMAs during cyclic loadings, and also the key role of dislocations in the structure and energy of grain boundaries in these alloys. In this paper, we investigate the energy and structure of dislocations, and also the generalized stacking fault energies in NiTi austenite by implementing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Through our results the validity and accuracy of three different potentials, two EAM potentials with different cutoff radii and one 2NN MEAM potential, for studying defect related properties of NiTi alloys is investigated. It is shown that while none of these potentials are particularly trained for predicting defect properties in NiTi systems, they can be efficiently utilized to study the stacking fault energies, the energy and structure of edge dislocations, stress distributions at the vicinity of edge dislocations, and even the details of dislocation dissociation in NiTi austenite phase. Particularly our results can be used as a tool to select the appropriate potential for studying any problem related to a specific aspect of defects in austenite NiTi SMAs.
Intra-luminal focused ultrasound for augmentation of gastrointestinal drug delivery.

The recent article by Schoellhammer et al. , “Ultrasound-mediated gastrointestinal drug delivery” primarily addresses practical limitations in drug delivery for medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and presents pre-clinical data demonstrating that intra-luminal, sub-ablative focused ultrasound (FUS), delivered via a trans-rectal transducer, can overcome some of these limitations (1). The clinical application and benefit of such a device is clear. Currently, outpatient treatment of proctitis/proctosigmoiditis can involve patient self-administration of an anti-inflammatory drug enema (e.g., mesalamine, hydrocortisone) that is ideally retained overnight to maximize medication absorption (2,3). Compliance with this regimen can be highly challenging for patients with active colitis as symptoms include urgency and frequent bowel movements. Methods to improve the efficiency of drug transit/tissue penetration and thus decrease both the frequency of enema administration as well the required mucosal exposure time to the enema would likely be welcomed by patients. Improved compliance on this more rapid regimen could theoretically help to mitigate the long-term sequelae of under-treated disease. An important question raised and discussed in this article is how to expand upon this particularly well-suited clinical application to improve targeted drug delivery (TDD) to other areas of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Phrasal Verb Disambiguation Grammars: Cutting Out Noise Automatically

Previous research [1, 2] showed how NooJ could automatically annotate English Phrasal Verbs (PV), both continuous and discontinuous, in large corpora. Due to certain restrictions, however, not all discontinuous PV listed in the PV Dictionary were successfully identified in texts. Further research [3] showed how a simplified PV grammar could identify more PV and improve recall, but it created an excessive amount of noise. Some of it could be automatically removed with disambiguation grammars, yet accuracy was still limited to 70–74%. In this article we show how incorporating additional dictionaries and disambiguation grammars – modifying them with unique NooJ functionalities such as +EXCLUDE and +UNAMB – can allow us to remove even more noise and achieve a better overall accuracy of 88%.
VALIDATION OF TURBULENCE MODELS FOR TURBOMACHINERY FLOWS – A REVIEW

ABSTRACT The state of the art in validation of turbulence models for internal flows in turbomachinery is reviewed, based on current work in the thematic area 6 (Turbomachinery Internal Flows) within the EU- Network QNET-CFD (see www.qnet-cfd.net ). This review first discusses the available databases for validation of turbomachinery flows, and describes the approach within QNET-CFD which is based on a mixture of real test cases and simpler underlying flow regimes, with strict quality control procedures for their selection. The review then describes some issues and difficulties related to turbulence modelling in turbomachinery. The extreme complexity of turbomachinery flows ensures that even the most recent advanced turbulence models are not yet satisfactory for predicting the detail of the unsteady turbulent flows that occur.
Nash equilibrium in games with quasi-monotonic best-responses

Abstract This paper proposes a new general class of strategic games and develops an associated new existence result for pure-strategy Nash equilibrium. For a two-player game with scalar and compact action sets, existence entails that one reaction curve be increasing and continuous and the other quasi-increasing (i.e., not have any downward jumps). The latter property amounts to strategic quasi-complementarities. The paper provides a number of ancillary results of independent interest, including sufficient conditions for a quasi-increasing argmax (or non-monotone comparative statics), and new sufficient conditions for uniqueness of fixed points. For maximal accessibility of the results, the main results are presented in a Euclidean setting. We argue that all these results have broad and elementary applicability by providing simple illustrations with commonly used models in economic dynamics and industrial organization.
Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Thermally Aged Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels

Cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) consist of a dual-phase microstructure of delta ferrite and austenite. The ferrite phase is critical for the service performance of CASS alloys, but can also undergo significant microstructural changes at elevated temperatures, leading to severe embrittlement. To understand thermal aging embrittlement, fracture toughness J-R curve tests were performed on unaged and aged CF8 specimens at 315 ℃. The microstructure of CF8 was also examined before and after thermal aging with transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. While no microstructural change was observed in the austenite after thermal aging, a high density of G-phase precipitates and a phase separation of alpha/alpha prime were detected in ferrite. To study the deformation behavior, tensile tests were performed at room temperature with in situ wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The differences in lattice strains between ferrite and austenite were much higher in the aged than in the unaged samples, suggesting a higher degree of incompatible deformation between ferrite and austenite in the aged samples.
Warmth and competence as distinct dimensions of value in social emotions

Gervais & Fessler's analysis collapses across two orthogonal dimensions of social value to explain contempt: relational value, predicted by cooperation, and agentic value, predicted by status. These dimensions interact to potentiate specific social emotions and behaviors in intergroup contexts. By neglecting the unique roles of these dimensions – and their associated attributes: warmth and competence – the sentiment framework cedes predictive precision.
Report of the LITA/ALCTS Electronic Resources Management Interest Group Meeting. American Library Association Annual Conference, Chicago, June 2017

The Electronic Resources Management Interest Group (ERMIG) convened a discussion panel at the 2017 annual conference of the American Library Association in Chicago on June 25. Featuring four speake...
Engineering the Roadway as Space of Flow

Prytherch explores the evolving principles and practices guiding roadway planning, construction, and maintenance. He traces the role of the AASHTO and other national organizations like the TRB in setting design standards used by federal, state, and local engineers. Reviewing for non-engineers the basics of “geometric design,” he analyzes how social and legal assumptions about proper users—so-called design vehicles—are manifested and reinforced in guidance for the three-dimensional design of streets. The chapter also explores how the Highway Capacity Manual defines the quality of roadways as “capacity,” formalized in standards like level of service (LOS) that grade streets and intersections in terms of uninterrupted flow. This analysis highlights the central role of such design practices in literally constructing everyday roadways as spaces of vehicular speed and throughput, often to the detriment of wider place functions and livability.
Toward Richer Labels for Visual Structure

The descriptive vocabulary of proximity groups, curvilinear alignment, parallels, corners, closed regions, and coherent texture regions are all important components of visual structure in images, but they don’t go far enough. Labels for visual structure can become richer in at least two ways. They can reflect more domain knowledge, and they can invoke more complex computational processes than the grouping and partitioning operations that are the stock-in-trade of the field.
Educating the Patient and Family About Depression

Hospitalization provides an opportunity for the patient and his or her family to have a comprehensive program of education about depression. They are seen alone, together, or in groups with other patients and families to learn about the illness and its treatment. This program reduces anxiety, enhances the patient's compliance, and increases family support for the patient.
Transdermal formulation of 4-benzylpiperidine for cocaine-use disorder

Abstract Cocaine-use disorder is a major public health problem, yet there is no FDA approved treatment. The distinguished preclinical efficacy of 4-benzylpiperidine as substitute agonist for cocaine-use-disorder along with the therapeutic benefits of transdermal delivery, make it an excellent candidate for transdermal delivery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro transdermal delivery of 4-benzylpiperidine across dermatomed human skin. Mathematical models were used to calculate the theoretical and experimental drug percutaneous absorption. Gels were formulated with varying amount of gelling agent and subjected to rheological analysis. Franz cells were used to investigate the in vitro permeation. Transdermal permeation of 4-benzylpiperidine from propylene glycol solution (1, 10, 20 and 50 mg/mL) corresponded to 16%–31% delivery (49.45 ± 11.60, 258.47 ± 48.50, 600.26 ± 74.18, 1945.20 ± 405.59 μg/cm2). The average cumulative amount of drug delivered from gel formulation was 1824.90 ± 425.12 μg/cm2. Thixotropic test demonstrated 2% hydroxyl propyl cellulose based gel to have the highest structure recovery ratio. The calculated theoretical permeability coefficient and theoretical flux value (32.637 μg/cm2/h) predicted high percutaneous absorption. This was further validated by the experimentally determined permeability coefficients and flux values (62.73 ± 12.14 μg/cm2/h), demonstrating proficient transdermal delivery of 4-benzylpiperidine.
Trademarks, Certification Marks and Technical Standards

Complex interoperability protocols such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and DVD have become known throughout the developed world by simple and memorable names, many of which have been protected as trademarks, service marks and certification marks. This chapter describes different approaches that have been taken with respect to the naming and legal protection of technical standards, ranging from those that are wholly unregulated to those that are administered under strict certification and compliance regimes. It also explores the fragmented case law surrounding the nominative fair use doctrine in the context of technical standards and asks what protective framework may best promote the goals of broad product interoperability.
LCD Display Technology

In a first of two chapters on display technology, this chapter introduces Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). We review some of the reasons this technology has become the dominant display technology within the world-wide market, as well as the possible threat to this dominance. This conversation includes the basic structure and function of these displays, including their important performance characteristics. We see at their heart LCDs are light modulators, manipulating the light provided by a backlight to impart an image. The robustness of this process affects many of the performance parameters of this technology. Finally, we look at advances in integrating high performance backlights into these displays to create higher quality images, improving the quality and power consumption of these displays. These innovations permit LCDs to compete with the LED-based displays we will discuss in the upcoming chapter.
Assessment of Topical Corticosteroid Prescribing, Counseling, and Communication Among Dermatologists and Pharmacists.

Importance Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are common treatments for many dermatologic conditions. Anecdotal experience and literature suggest that dermatologists and pharmacists differ in their beliefs about TCs and approach to TC counseling, creating the opportunity for patient confusion. Objective To examine interprofessional practice gaps between dermatologists and pharmacists with regard to how each group views TCs, counsels patients on TC use, and communicates modifications to TC prescriptions. Design, Setting, and Participants An electronic survey was disseminated statewide in Wisconsin to 117 board-certified or eligible dermatologist members of the Wisconsin Dermatological Society and 2954 licensed pharmacists. The survey was performed from October 11, 2017, to January 2, 2018. Survey responses and demographic information were compiled and analyzed for each population. Exposures Study participants completed and returned a 17-question survey recalling experiences with TC prescribing from the past year along with self-reported demographic information. Main Outcomes and Measures Dermatologists’ and pharmacists’ self-reported counseling of patients regarding TC application, duration of use, and adverse effects; frequency of communication of changes to TC prescriptions and instructions; and demographic data were tabulated and compared. Results Of the 117 dermatologists, 52 (44.4%) completed and returned the survey; of the 2954 pharmacists, 111 (3.8%) returned the survey. Those no longer in active practice (3 dermatologists, 1 pharmacist) were excluded from analysis. A substantial proportion of pharmacists (51 [46.4%]) advised patients to limit TC use to 2 weeks or less, which was an uncommon strategy among dermatologists (3 [6.1%]) (P Conclusions and Relevance An interprofessional practice gap appears to exist between dermatologists and pharmacists in Wisconsin regarding TC beliefs and counseling strategies. Collaborative education and improved communication between the 2 groups may be necessary to ensure that patients receive a unified, clear message about TC application and adverse effects. Larger studies are needed to further investigate this potential practice gap.
Vivaldi Antenna Array Fabricated Using a Hybrid Process

Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently gained much attention from the electromagnetic community touted as a replacement for traditional manufacturing and a potential to change the way high-frequency components are designed and manufactured. It promises to produce complex components that are difficult to realize using conventional techniques and provides new opportunities for novel system designs along with reduced time to prototype. There is a range of AM print technologies that are commercially available, each with its specific print properties and reliance on the materials adapted to the print process. Polymercompositeinkscanreadilybedepositedusingaerosol-jet printing while achieving high print resolution ( 10 dBi). Polyjet printing is utilized to fabricate the Vivaldi structure and aerosol-jet printing is used to fabricate the resistor for the Wilkinson power divider. A Vivaldi antenna array fabricated using conventional technique, clean room process and surface mount resistors, is also designed and fabricated to benchmark the proposed new technology. The printed conductive polymer based resistor is characterized over a wide frequency range. Overall, this paper presents the details of design, fabrication, and measurement of a 1x2 Vivaldi antenna array operating in the 10-25 GHz fabricated through the use of this hybrid process which combines AM and standard lithography.
Modeling Energy Dynamics with the Energy-Interaction Diagram

Energy is an important crosscutting concept in all science disciplines, and energy conservation is widely regarded as one of the most important principles in physics. Over the years, numerous graphical representations have been proposed that allow learners of physics to visualize energy states and dynamics in a particular situation. Each diagram highlights different aspects of energy and therefore may represent different conceptualizations of energy. Bar charts, or example, foreground the idea of multiple categories of energy to account for the distribution of energy in a system across those energy types. Similarly, pie charts highlight relative distribution of energy among different energy types. While bar charts are able to represent negative energy, pie charts emphasize that there is a certain, total amount of energy available that is distributed over different types. Various energy tracking diagrams (e.g., PET energy source-receiver diagrams, Energy Tracking Diagrams) foreground the localization of energy along a chain of energy transfer processes and within the involved objects.
ESD Design Considerations for Ultra-Low Power Crystal Oscillators in Automotive Products

Ultra-low power crystal oscillators are sensitive to resistive and capacitive loads at the input. That imposes challenges to the design of the oscillator and its electro-static discharge (ESD) protection circuit. In this paper, protection strategies for automotive products are described while keeping an ultra-low power profile of the oscillator circuit.
Gravitationally-Small Gravitational Antennas, the Chu Limit, and Exploration of Veselago-Inspired Notions of Gravitational Metamaterials

Recent results provide an analytic expression for the quality factor, or Q, of gravitationally-small gravitational quadrupoles, drawing upon similarities to the Chu limit for electrically-small electromagnetic antennas. Thus, in some sense gravitationally-coupled systems are similar to metamaterials, having high-Q resonant elements separated by much less than a wavelength, and supporting gravitational wave propagation through the resonant elements. These new results raise the question of whether the notions of gravitational Q and gravitationally-small elements may lead to insights for the development of gravitational meta-materials. Here, we review recent gravitational Q results, and explore potential inspiration from electromagnetic metamaterial frameworks where unit cells may be considered as electrically-small antennas. Finally, a gravitoelectromagnetic framework is used to explore a Veselago-inspired approach to hypothetical gravitational metamaterials, should a gravitational unit cell be found. In an astrophysics context, interstellar distances are also shown to be less than a gravitational wavelength for certain planetary orbits.
Structure and morphology of low mechanical loss TiO2-doped Ta2O5

The exceptional stability required from high finesse optical cavities and high precision interferometers is fundamentally limited by Brownian motion noise in the interference coatings of the cavity mirrors. In amorphous oxide coatings these thermally driven fluctuations are dominant in the high index layer compared to those in the low index SiO2 layer in the stack. We present a systematic study of the evolution of the structural and optical properties of ion beam sputtered TiO2-doped Ta2O5 films with annealing temperature. We show that low mechanical loss in TiO2-doped Ta2O5 with a Ti cation ratio = 0.27 is associated with a material that consists of a homogeneous titanium-tantalum-oxygen mixture containing a low density of nanometer sized Ar-filled voids. When the Ti cation ratio is 0.53, phase separation occurs leading to increased mechanical loss. These results suggest that amorphous mixed oxides with low mechanical loss could be identified by considering the thermodynamics of ternary phase formation.
Performance evaluation of a widely used implementation of the MQTT protocol with large payloads in normal operation and under a DoS attack

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the term coined to encompass the myriad of devices that have some data processing and transmitting capabilities. Due to the increasing number of IoT devices connected to the Internet, network protocols intended for IoT technology have gained interest. This paper analyzes the performance of one of the most popular ones, named MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport), focused on Mosquitto, a widely used implementation. Our principal metric is the transmission time, defined as the time it takes a message to pass from one client through the broker to another client, since MQTT uses a publish/subscribe model with a broker. We evaluate different scenarios against some base configurations to give a firm comparison on how different factors affect the performance of an MQTT system based on Mosquitto, for payload sizes ranging from 512 to 1,048,576 bytes. For example, we assess how different network technologies (Ethernet, WiFi in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands) and QoS levels may yield better results at different message payload sizes. We also make a broker software comparison, evaluating Mosquitto against ActiveMQ and RabbitMQ. Our experiments exhibited similar results, with a slight advantage for RabbitMQ. Finally, we provide measurements on how DoS attacks can affect the Mosquitto broker, by flooding it with illegal MQTT petitions or making a TCP SYN flood attack. The goal of this study is to help MQTT implementers in making adequate decisions when selecting the different hardware and software solutions, for their MQTT systems.