cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medication math dosage assessment anxiety in undergraduate nursing students: A systematic review.

Abstract Background Medication calculation assessment is commonplace in undergraduate nursing programs. A test is routinely used to assist in the determination of safe medication administration practice in a clinical setting. Multiple factors negatively impact student performance. Aim The aim of this article is to analyze current literature related to medication calculation assessment and undergraduate nursing student anxiety. Method A systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles included were peer-reviewed publications focused on undergraduate nursing student anxiety related to medication dosage calculation. Findings Anxiety related to medication calculation assessments can stem from students' personal lives and previous math experiences. Interventions related to increasing self-efficacy can impact student performance on assessments. Conclusion A variety of interventions to assist undergraduate nursing students increase performance on assessments were indicated in the literature. Advances in educational technologies allow for more assessment options to facilitate safe medication practices.
Trends in Engine Valve Development for Automobiles and Motorcycles (2000-01-0907)

Engine valve development trends are to first, reduce the costly metal content and secondly, increase strength or reduce weight. These developments can be used to reduce valve cost or fuel consumption or increase power. The authors developed a new strain age hardening type alloy, NCF2415C, which has both good cold forgeability and heat resistance. Its chemical composition is Fe-24Ni- 15Cr-2.2Ti-1.5Al-0.5Nb-0.02C-.006B-2Cu. This new alloy and the establishment f cold forging technology made it possible to develop cold forged exhaust valves having durability equal or better than the conventional hot forged exhaust valves.
Stability instability and Hopf bifurcation in fission waves

Summary Edward Teller was the first to show that it would be possible for self-propagating fission waves to form in fertile nuclear materials. It is typically assumed that these waves would be asymptotically stable. However, we show here that coupling of the neutron field to the 239U->239Np->239Pu decay chain can lead to a Hopf bifurcation. The fission reaction then ramps up and down, along with the wave velocity. Time-dependent results are obtained using a numerical implementation of a reaction-diffusion model for a fast neutron field. A linear stability analysis of the underlying equations and the full system isotopics confirms the results and shows the parameter space over which the Hopf occurs.
Connecting a teacher dashboard to a student digital collaborative environment: supporting teacher enactment of problem-based mathematics curriculum

Teacher dashboards in mathematics classrooms tend to provide teachers with information on student performance that are often linked to classroom management systems, online course systems, or peer-tutoring software. Teacher dashboards also tend to emphasize features that support teachers using a “transition” or “direct instruction” model. In our approach, we iteratively designed, developed, tested, and refined a teacher dashboard that is linked to a student digital collaborative environment with an embedded problem-based mathematics curriculum. In this study, we investigate teacher dashboard features that support teacher enactment of problem-based mathematics curriculum embedded in a digital collaborative platform. We report on design principles that guided the development of three teacher dashboard features: (1) monitoring evidence of student thinking in real-time or after class, (2) accessing workspace for whole-class discussions of the problem, and (3) creating and sending “just-in-time” supports. The pedagogical advantages and challenges teachers face throughout the iterative development process are also discussed. Evidence from observational data and teacher interviews suggests that the organic synergism generated from the student and teacher digital platform offers several ways that teachers are provided with new and timely information from teacher dashboards that supports problem-based mathematics teaching.
Incorporating Intersectionality into Intimate Partner Violence Research

This paper explores the existing research regarding intimate partner violence myths in a variety of forms of media (magazines, news stories, and reader comments to online news stories), identifies major problems within the body of research, and makes suggestions about how to improve this area of study. Intersectionality is a somewhat new movement in teaching and research circles surrounding questions of difference and inequality, such as sociology and women’s studies. This perspective would enhance any sociological research, and it is the primary improvement proposed in this paper. The current body of research ignores many of the most salient social identities, including sexual orientation and ability. In doing so, the academic community is not recognizing or validating the experiences of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and queer (LGBTQ) population or people with disabilities. In studying the media’s use of intimate partner violence myths, the researchers themselves are perpetuating the myths by not complicating their reading of the media artifacts they studied.
Oil windfalls in a controlled economy : a "fix-price" equilibrium analysis of Algeria

Abstract The Algerian macroeconomic response to oil windfalls, which differs from that expected of a neoclassical economy, is examined through application of ‘fix-price’ equilibrium analysis. A model of the aggregate macroeconomy is specified and its response decomposed into behavioral and involuntary spillover elements. The implications of Classical unemployment are derived. Econometric estimation of the model for the period 1966–1984 supports the importance of involuntary spillovers as an explanation of Algeria's unusual pattern of demand and money balance accumulation; rationing is shown to have been considerable relative to observed consumption in recent years. Two major conclusions are drawn. (1) Fix-price modeling captures an important feature of the Algerian economy during this period; analyses ignoring spillovers will provide biased results. (2) Conventional neoclassical estimation will in general confound behavioral parameters and spillover effects for countries where the price mechanism is not permitted to operate freely. This will lead to biased behavioral estimates and inaccurate policy advice.
Distribution of hydrogen-metabolizing bacteria in alfalfa field soil.

H2 evolved by alfalfa root nodules during the process of N2 fixation may be an important factor influencing the distribution of soil bacteria. To test this hypothesis under field conditions, over 700 bacterial isolates were obtained from fallow soil or from the 3-mm layer of soil surrounding alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root nodules, alfalfa roots, or bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) roots. Bacteria were isolated under either aerobic or microaerophilic conditions and were tested for their capacity to metabolize H2. Isolates showing net H2 uptake and 3H2 incorporation activity under laboratory conditions were assigned a Hup+ phenotype, whereas organisms with significant H2 output capacity were designated as a Hout+ phenotype. Under aerobic isolation conditions two Hup+ isolates were obtained, whereas under microaerophilic conditions five Hup+ and two Hout+ isolates were found. The nine isolates differed on the basis of 24 standard bacteriological characteristics or fatty acid composition. Five of the nine organisms were isolated from soil around root nodules, whereas the other four were found distributed among the other three soil environments. On the basis of the microaerophilic isolations, 4.8% of the total procaryotic isolates from soil around root nodules were capable of oxidizing H2, and 1.2% could produce H2. Two of the Hup+ isolates were identified as Rhizobium meliloti by root nodulation tests, but the fact that none of the isolates reduced C2H2 under the assay conditions suggested that the H2 metabolism traits were associated with various hydrogenase systems rather than with nitrogenase activity. Results from this study support the concept that H2 evolution by alfalfa root nodules has a significant effect on the surrounding microenvironment and influences the number and diversity of bacteria occupying that region.
Major mesh-related complications following hernia repair: events reported to the Food and Drug Administration.

Mesh material affects complications following hernia repair. Medical device reports on the use of surgical mesh for hernia repair were reviewed from the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) Manufacturer User Facility Device Experience Database from January 1996 to September 2004. We analyzed 252 adverse event reports related to the use of surgical mesh for hernia repair. Adverse events included infection (42%, 107 reports), mechanical failure (18%, 46), pain (9%, 23), reaction (8%, 20), intestinal complications (7%, 18), adhesions (6%, 14), seroma (4%, 9), erosion (2%, 6), and other (4%, 9). Compared to all other mesh types, Sepra/polypropylene mesh had more mechanical failures (80 vs 14%, p < 0.05), biomaterial mesh had more reactions (57 vs 7%, p < 0.05), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polypropylene mesh had more intestinal complications (14 vs 7%, p < 0.05), and PTFE mesh tended to have more infections (75 vs 41% all other, p = 0.07). Death occurred in 2% (5). We conclude that specific mesh materials are related to specific complications.
Examining Four Processes of Audience Involvement With Media Personae: Transportation, Parasocial Interaction, Identification, and Worship

The proliferation of visual media worldwide during the past 50 years has made mediated personalities, both real people and fictional characters, powerful agents of social change. Communication theorists have explored various forms of involvement with these personalities, generally referred to as media personae. The current academic literature that explores various forms of audience involvement with media personae lacks conceptual clarity. The present article discusses distinctions among four processes of involvement—transportation, parasocial interaction, identification, and worship—and provides an integrated theoretical model for assessing these powerful forms of social influence.
Treatment and Disposal of Wastes in Nuclear Chemical Technology

Publisher Summary The problems of radiochemical waste disposal are many and varied. The present developments in nuclear energy are such, that with the passage of time, the radiation background will be raised significantly by radiation sources of man's own making, if these are not controlled. The National and International Committees on radiation protection have agreed upon maximum permissible concentrations of radioisotopes in air and water for continuous exposure. It is strongly recommended that every effort be made to reduce exposures to all types of ionizing radiations to the lowest possible level. A number of attempts have been made to assess the magnitude of the disposal problem the world may face during the next half century. Estimates tend to agree that the maximum plausible use of nuclear energy will result in the burn up of approximately 1000 tons of fissionable material, and the production of 1000 tons of fission products, per year. Waste disposal is a field in which ingenuity and imagination can pay off by appreciably improving the feasibility of widespread atomic power..
Investor Sentiment, Limits to Arbitrage and Private Market Returns

This article examines the relation between investor sentiment and returns in private markets. Relative to more liquid public markets, private investment markets exhibit significant limits to arbitrage that restrict an investor’s ability to counteract mispricing. Using vector autoregressive models, we find a positive and economically significant relation between investor sentiment and subsequent private market returns. We provide further long-horizon regression evidence suggesting that private commercial real estate markets are susceptible to prolonged periods of sentiment-induced mispricing as the inability to short-sell in periods of overvaluation and restricted access to credit in periods of undervaluation prevents arbitrageurs from entering the market. A growing behavioral approach in the economics and finance literature recognizes the bounded rationality and psychological biases of investors who often rely on and are influenced by computational shortcuts, heuristics, frame dependence and intuition when making decisions in a complicated and uncertain world with market frictions (e.g., Kahneman, Slovic and Tversky 1982, Barberis and Thaler 2003). As a result, changes in asset prices may be driven by more than changes in market fundamentals. 1 Furthermore, these temporary price deviations can persist if there are significant limits to arbitrage as shown theoretically by De Long et al. (1990) and Shleifer and Vishny (1997), among others. Recent empirical research suggests this movement away from
Languages and performance engineering: method, instrumentation, and pedagogy

Programs encounter increasingly complex and fragile mappings to computing platforms, resulting in performance characteristics that are often mysterious to students, practitioners, and even researchers. We discuss some steps toward an experimental methodology that demands and provides a deep understanding of complete systems, the necessary instrumentation and tools to support such a methodology, and a curriculum that teaches the methodology and tools as a fundamental part of the discipline.
Applying artificial vision models to human scene understanding.

How do we understand the complex patterns of neural responses that underlie scene understanding? Studies of the network of brain regions held to be scene-selective – the parahippocampal/lingual region (PPA), the retrosplenial complex (RSC), and the occipital place area (TOS) – have typically focused on single visual dimensions (e.g., size), rather than the high-dimensional feature space in which scenes are likely to be neurally represented. Here we leverage well-specified artificial vision systems to explicate a more complex understanding of how scenes are encoded in this functional network. We correlated similarity matrices within three different scene-spaces arising from: 1) BOLD activity in scene-selective brain regions; 2) behavioral measured judgments of visually-perceived scene similarity; and 3) several different computer vision models. These correlations revealed: 1) models that relied on mid- and high-level scene attributes showed the highest correlations with the patterns of neural activity within the scene-selective network; 2) NEIL and SUN – the models that best accounted for the patterns obtained from PPA and TOS – were different from the GIST model that best accounted for the pattern obtained from RSC; 3) The best performing models outperformed behaviorally-measured judgments of scene similarity in accounting for neural data. One computer vision method – NEIL (“Never-Ending-Image-Learner”), which incorporates visual features learned as statistical regularities across web-scale numbers of scenes – showed significant correlations with neural activity in all three scene-selective regions and was one of the two models best able to account for variance in the PPA and TOS. We suggest that these results are a promising first step in explicating more fine-grained models of neural scene understanding, including developing a clearer picture of the division of labor among the components of the functional scene-selective brain network.
Electronic Defects and Device Performance in CuGaSe2 Solar Cells

The electronic and materials properties of two series of wide-bandgap solar cells with Cu-poor CuGaSe2 (CGS) absorbers have been studied, to better understand limitations on the device performance. One series of samples displayed distinct lateral non-uniformities in Cu/Ga ratio, Na content, and thickness, likely due to a limited supply of Se during CGS growth. The second series of samples appeared uniform. The most prominent electronic difference was the presence of a distinct band of near-interface defect states in the more non-uniform set of samples. The device performance did not appear to be limited by defects in the bulk CGS film until the defect density was larger than 2×1016 cm-3. Instead, interface recombination appears to be a significant factor limiting Voc in both sets of samples.
Studies on the structure-activity relationships for the metabolism of polybrominated biphenyls by rat liver microsomes.

Abstract The in vitro metabolism of polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) congeners by cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases was investigated using hepatic microsomes isolated from immature male rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) or phenobarbital (PB). MC pretreatment increased the NADPH-dependent microsomal metabolism of pure PBB congeners which possessed adjacent nonhalogenated ortho and meta carbons on at least one ring. 4,4′-Dibromobiphenyl (-DBB) was metabolized at the fastest rate, followed by 3,4,4′-tribromobiphenyl, 3,4,3′,4′-tetrabromobiphenyl (-TBB), 2,3,3′,4′-TBB, 2,5,3′,4′-TBB, and 2,4,2′,5′-TBB in decreasing order. It appeared that further bromination prevented metabolism since 2,4,5,3′,4′-pentabromobiphenyl (-PBB), 2,3,4,2′,4′,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (-HBB), and 2,3,4,5,3′,4′-HBB were not metabolized although they possess adjacent nonhalogenated ortho and meta carbons. PB pretreatment increased in vitro rat hepatic microsomal metabolism of PBB congeners which possessed adjacent nonhalogenated meta and para carbons on at least one ring. 2,2′-DBB was metabolized at the fastest rate, followed by 2,4,2′,5′-TBB, 2,5,2′,5′-TBB, 2,3,3′,4′-TBB, 2,5,3′,4′-TBB, and 2,4,5,2′,5′-PBB in decreasing order. The results suggest that the rates of metabolism of PBB congeners are dependent upon the positions of bromine and the form of cytochrome P-450 induced. In vitro rates of metabolism of 3,4,3′,4′-TBB using hepatic microsomes isolated from rats pretreated with either 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-HBB or 3,4,3′,4′-TBB were also investigated. There was good correlation between the rates of 3,4,3′,4′-TBB metabolism, induction of microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, and specific content of MC-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450βNF-B). The results suggest that the isozyme P-450βNF-B is responsible for the metabolism of 3,4,3′,4′-TBB.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Properties of Nanoscale Lead-Free Solders on Multisegmented Metal Nanowires

Nanoscale lead-free solders (“nanosolders”) have been synthesized directly onto multisegmented metal nanowires using an electrodeposition method in nanoporous templates. The nanosolders fabricated include tin (Sn), tin/silver (Sn/Ag), and indium (In), and the diameter of the nanosolder nanowires ranges from 30 nm to 200 nm and the length from 1 to 10 μm. The microstructures of the lead-free nanosolders on nanowires have been characterized using optical microscopy and electron microscopy including a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Thermal properties of lead-free nanosolders on nanowires were characterized using a temperature-programmable furnace tube under a controlled atmosphere. It was found that nitrogen plays an important role in the nanosolder reflow process. The effect of base layer, barrier layer, and wetting layer on nanosolder reflow was studied, and an optimal nanowire nanosold...
Critical Evaluation for Education Reform

The school reform movement has done little to provide an accurate analysis of the production of inequality or the reproduction of social injustice in the public schools or the larger social order. The ideology that influences this movement has often prevented the realization of any notion of an egalitarian ideal, the elimination of inequality, or the improvement of those who are least well-off. I ask educators and evaluators of education reform efforts to reconsider critically their roles in social science research, to reclaim the battleground of public school reform by focusing on the democratic purpose of public schooling, and the institutional problems in educational programs and practice that often inhibit action toward this ideal. The first part of this article includes an extensive argument explaining the "why" of critical evaluation. The theoretical literature on inquiry in science and social science, the ideology of critical theory, critical social psychology, and Freirean pedagogy are consulted as additional tools for augmenting the practice, policies, and responsibilities of evaluators in education. I review three contemporary perspectives of evaluation in order to begin rethinking the purposes and functions that evaluation serves in education. It also demonstrates how mainstream and contemporary evaluations can be used to serve a particular set of social and political values. The second part of this article begins a preliminary journey toward describing the "how" of critical evaluation. Critical evaluators can fight for social justice by combining the merit criteria of state and federal public education law, and the methods of an adversary oriented evaluation in order to transform educational environments that serve the future potentials of all children. Therefore education involves the practice of freedom, the means by which men and women deal critically and creatively with reality and discover how to participate in the transformation of their world (Freire, 1985).
Combined effects of VX-770 and VX-809 on several functional abnormalities of F508del-CFTR channels

Abstract Background The most common cystic fibrosis-associated mutation, the deletion of phenylalanine 508 (F508del), results in channels with poor membrane expression and impaired function. VX-770, a clinically approved drug for treatment of CF patients carrying the G551D mutation, and VX-809, a corrector shown in vitro to increase membrane expression of mutant channels, are currently undergoing clinical trials, but functional data at the molecular level is still lacking. Methods The effect of VX-770 and VX-809 on the multiple functional defects of F508del-CFTR was assessed via excised inside-out patch-clamp experiments. Results VX-770 completely restores the low opening-rate of F508del-CFTR, with smaller open-time increase, in temperature-corrected and VX-809-treated channels. The shorter locked-open time of hydrolysis-deficient F508del-CFTR is also prolonged by VX-770. VX-809 does not improve channel function by itself as previously reported. Conclusions The results from these studies can be interpreted as an equilibrium shift toward the open-channel conformation of F508del-CFTR channels.
A TaqMan PCR assay using degenerate primers for the quantitative detection of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA of multiple genotypes.

Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) is a valuable animal model system for studies of hepatitis B virus infection and accurate assessments of WHV viral load are necessary in these studies. Wild-captured woodchucks that are naturally infected with WHV are sometimes used in these studies, however, the sequence variation in WHV isolates generally precludes the use of TaqMan PCR. To facilitate this, we have created a real-time TaqMan PCR assay for WHV using degenerate primers with inosine residues employed at the locations of known sequence heterogeneity. This TaqMan assay has a dynamic range of 10–108 genomic equivalents (ge) of WHV DNA per reaction and the assay is robust and reproducible in the 102–107 ge WHV DNA per reaction range (intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) <2.1%, inter-assay CV <2.9%). During our assay validation, we cloned and analyzed a series of six naturally occurring virus variants that contained sequence heterogeneity in the TaqMan primer sequence region. We showed that the presence of some of these sequence variations prevented the PCR amplification of the target when regular primer sequences were used, while degenerate primer sequences were able to efficiently amplify all tested sequences equally well.
Effect of luminal vasopressin on NaCl transport in the medullary thick ascending limb of the rat

Abstract The aim of the present study was to determine whether vasopressin affects NaCl reabsorption in the medullary thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle when administered selectively to the luminal membrane. At 5 × 10−6 M and 10−8 M, luminal [Arg8]vasopressin significantly inhibited Cl− transport in the in vitro microperfused rat medullary thick ascending limb by 46.4 ± 5.9% (P d -Arg8]vasopressin (5 × 10−6 M) had no effect on transport. These data suggest that luminal vasopressin can inhibit NaCl transport in the medullary thick ascending limb of the rat via vasopressin V1 receptors.
Test of the innermost inner core models using broadband PKIKP travel time residuals

[1] Two different innermost inner core (IMIC) models have recently been proposed, each with different radii and different orientation and strength of anisotropy. In order to test these IMIC models, we have systematically assembled a high quality dataset of broadband PKIKP data in the epicentral distance range of 150° to 180°. Our new dataset consists of ∼1,100 individually measured absolute PKIKP arrival times. Also, PKIKP bottoming points and ray paths in the inner core are well distributed in the east-west and north-south hemispheres. We invert this dataset for two layer models of anisotropy in the inner core and compare the fits obtained with those predicted from the existing IMIC models. Our results show that, if there is an IMIC, its radius is most likely around ∼500 km rather than the ∼300 km originally proposed, and is in better agreement with the layering in the inner core based on PKIKP waveform modeling.
Stability preserving spline approximations for scalar functional differential equations

Abstract We consider a method for constructing uniformly stable spline approximations for scalar delay equations.
Integrated fiducial sample mount and software for correlated microscopy

A novel sample mount design with integrated fiducial marks and software for assisting operators in easily and efficiently locating points of interest established in previous analytical sessions is described. The sample holder and software were evaluated with experiments to demonstrate the utility and ease of finding the same points of interest in two different microscopy instruments. Also, numerical analysis of expected errors in determining the same position with errors unbiased by a human operator was performed. Based on the results, issues related to acquiring reproducibility and best practices for using the sample mount and software were identified. Overall, the sample mount methodology allows data to be efficiently and easily collected on different instruments for the same sample location.
Chronic renal failure in Iranian children.

We investigated chronic renal failure (CRF) in 166 Iranian children (95 boys and 71 girls) from July 1991 to June 1999. The mean age at onset of CRF was 7.9±4.5 years. The most common cause of CRF was congenital urological malformations (78 cases). The second most common cause of CRF was hereditary nephropathy (21%). Glomerular diseases accounted for only 10% of children who later went on to develop renal failure. High rates of cystinosis and primary hyperoxaluria were seen, and these elevated rates could be due to a high prevalence of parental consanguinity. Eighty-six patients required renal replacement therapy, of whom the majority underwent hemodialysis. The prevalence of primary reflux as a cause of CRF was high compared with reports from western countries. Earlier diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in this group could reduce the prevalence of reflux as a cause of CRF in this population.
Sin Nombre hantavirus decreases survival of male deer mice

How pathogens affect their hosts is a key question in infectious disease ecology, and it can have important influences on the spread and persistence of the pathogen. Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the etiological agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in humans. A better understanding of SNV in its reservoir host, the deer mouse, could lead to improved predictions of the circulation and persistence of the virus in the mouse reservoir, and could help identify the factors that lead to increased human risk of HPS. Using mark–recapture statistical modeling on longitudinal data collected over 15 years, we found a 13.4% decrease in the survival of male deer mice with antibodies to SNV compared to uninfected mice (both male and female). There was also an additive effect of breeding condition, with a 21.3% decrease in survival for infected mice in breeding condition compared to uninfected, non-breeding mice. The data identified that transmission was consistent with density-dependent transmission, implying that there may be a critical host density below which SNV cannot persist. The notion of a critical host density coupled with the previously overlooked disease-induced mortality reported here contribute to a better understanding of why SNV often goes extinct locally and only seems to persist at the metapopulation scale, and why human spillover is episodic and hard to predict.
Molecular Organization of Photoreceptor Membranes of Rod Outer Segments

A new model for the structure of rod outer segments is presented. This comprises an asymmetric membrane, comprising a lipid bilayer with rhodopsin in the hydrocarbon interior.
Human Rhinovirus 2 Induces the Autophagic Pathway and Replicates More Efficiently in Autophagic Cells

Picornaviruses rearrange cellular membranes to form cytosolic replication sites. In the case of poliovirus and several other picornaviruses, these membranes are derived from subversion of the cellular autophagy pathway. We also reported observation of autophagosome-like structures during infection by two human rhinoviruses (HRVs), HRV-2 and HRV-14 (W. T. Jackson et al., PLoS Biol. 3:e156, 2005). Another group reported that HRV-2 does not induce autophagosomes or respond to changes in cellular autophagy (M. Brabec-Zaruba, U. Berka, D. Blaas, and R. Fuchs, J. Virol. 81:10815-10817, 2007). In this study, we tested HRV-2-infected cells for activation of autophagic signaling and changes in virus growth in response to changes in autophagy levels. Our data indicate that HRV-2 induces and subverts the autophagic machinery to promote its own replication.
Quantum information: Strength of weak measurements

The back-action of a weak measurement on the electron spin of a nitrogen–vacancy centre in diamond can be used to steer the associated nuclear spin towards a desired state.
Effect of Initial Baking and Storage Time on Pasting Properties and Aging of Par-Baked and Rebaked Rye Bread

Part-baked rye bread with and without Ca-propionate (0.2 g/100 flour) were baked for 10, 15, 20 minutes at 230°C and stored at refrigerator temperature (4°C) for 10, 20, 30 days then second-baked for 5, 10, 15 minutes at the same temperature to give an oven-fresh end product. The effect of antimicrobial additive (Ca-propionate), part-baking, storage in refrigerator and rebaking on quality parameters such as yield of volume and crumb softness, water activity and pasting properties of rye bread crumb was evaluated. Addition of Ca-propionate increased bump area, while yield of volume and softness values of rye bread crumb decreased. The increase in initial baking time caused a decrease in the pasting temperature, water activity, and softness value and an increase in the bump area and viscosity of the rebaked bread crumb. Bump area and pasting temperature of rebaked rye bread crumb increased with longer (intermediate storage) time, while viscosity, yield of volume, water activity, and softness values decrease...
Analytical model of a residential desuperheater

A stand-alone analytical model using the NTU (number of transfer units) effectiveness approach was developed for a residential desuperheater integrated to a thermal-energy storage (TES) system. This paper describes the basic heat-transfer analysis and presents the characteristics of the model. The output prediction of the desuperheater model was the desuperheater rate. Error analyses of the desuperheater rate indicated that the model predictions were within 12% of the experimental values. A factorial-design sensitivity analysis was conducted to show that the variables Tri and Twi as well as interactions Twi∗hrefrig, hrefrig∗F, Tri∗hrefrig, and hwtr∗hrefrig∗F had significant effects on the desuperheater rate. Although the model involved various assumptions, the results were considered helpful for the design and understanding of the behaviour of the desuperheater.
Hepatic periportal necrosis induced by chronic administration of cocaine

Abstract Cocaine was administered intraperitoneally to male mice at doses of 10, 20 or 30 mg/kg daily for 5 days for periods of 1, 2 and 3 weeks. A dose- and time-dependent periportal hepatic necrosis was noted. The extent of hepatic damage varied from vacuolization of hepatocytes to frank necrosis. No drug-related deaths were noted at any of the dosages studied. The hepatic damage elicited by chronic cocaine was found to be of a transient nature. Chronic cocaine treatment elevated serum glutamicpyruvic transminase levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hepatic cytochrome P 450 levels were depressed significantly in the 30 mg · kg −1 · day −1 dosage group at 1, 2 and 3 weeks. Hexobarbital-induced narcosis was lengthened significantly in the 30 mg · kg −1 · day −1 group throughout the course of the study. Chronic administration of cocaine produced a hepatic necrosis that closely resembled that produced by cocaine administered to animals pretreated with stimulators of hepatic metabolism.
Gangliosides as receptors for biological toxins: development of sensitive fluoroimmunoassays using ganglioside-bearing liposomes

Gangliosides, glycosphingolipids present in the membranes of neuronal and other cells, are natural receptors for a number of bacterial toxins and viruses whose sensitive detection is of interest in clinical medicine as well as in biological warfare or terrorism incidents. Liposomes containing gangliosides mimic cells that are invaded by bacterial toxins and can be used as sensitive probes for detecting these toxins. We discuss detection of three bacterial toxinstetanus, botulinum, and cholera toxins using ganglioside-bearing liposomes. Tetanus and botulinum toxins selectively bind gangliosides of the G1b series, namely, GT1b, GD1b, and GQ1b; and cholera toxin binds GM1 very specifically. Unilamellar liposomes containing GT1b or GM1 as one of the constituent lipids were prepared by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. To impart signal generation capability to these liposomes, fluorophore-labeled lipids were incorporated in the bilayer of liposomes. The fluorescent liposomes, containing both a marker ...
Abstract 2919: Unexpected role of CRAF in tumor cell mitosis revealed by an allosteric inhibitor

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL RAF kinases regulate fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation and survival and can be mutated or dysregulated in tumors. Although, RAF inhibitors show clinical activity in some cancer patients, recent reports have shown that ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors can enhance the proliferation of RAS driven tumors by promoting B- and CRAF dimerization and phosphorylation of CRAF on serine 338. Recently, we characterized an allosteric inhibitor of RAF that disrupts RAF dimerization, CRAF serine 338 phosphorylation and tumor growth in mice. Here, we report the surprising finding that phospho-S338 CRAF localizes to the mitotic spindle of proliferating tumor cells in vitro and in biopsies from cancer patients. Importantly, treatment of these cells with an allosteric, but not an ATP-competitive inhibitor of RAF, prevents CRAF localization to the mitotic spindle and causes cell cycle arrest at pro-metaphase in a MAPK-independent manner. Mechanistically, phospho-S338 CRAF interacts and co-localizes with active Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) at the mitotic spindle of proliferating cells. In fact, allosteric or genetic inhibition of CRAF inhibits Plk1 activity and its accumulation at the kinetochores causing pro-metaphase arrest. These findings define an unexpected role for RAF in mitosis, revealing a novel mechanism for RAF as a therapeutic target in oncology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2919. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2919
Taking evidence-based practices to school: using expert opinion to develop a brief, evidence-informed school-based mental health intervention

School-based mental health services offer unparalleled opportunities for providing accessible care to children and adolescents. Research indicates that services available in schools are rarely based on evidence of effectiveness and are typically disconnected from the larger school context. To address these issues, the current paper presents initial studies to inform the development of a brief, evidence-based, flexible mental health intervention that fits the school context while maintaining clear structure. Results from two qualitative research studies – key informant interviews with school mental health experts and a nominal group decision-making process with stakeholders – are presented, both of which were aimed at informing intervention development and testing assumptions about how best to design an effective, context-specific mental health intervention that can be flexibly applied in educational settings. An explicit focus on educational outcomes within the context of mental health service delivery wa...
Tumor-derived EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) stimulates collagenase transcription through MAPK p38

EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) stimulates fibroblast metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2 and 3 (Kataoka et al. (1993) Cancer Res. 53, 3154–3158). Here we focus on MMP-1, showing that in lung tumors, MMP-1's cognate mRNA is strongly expressed in stromal fibroblasts adjacent to EMMPRIN-expressing tumor cells. In vitro, EMMPRIN upregulates MMP-1 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with a peak accumulation at 24 h. The response is genistein-sensitive, suggesting it is dependent on tyrosine kinase activity. Analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent MAP kinases ERK 1/2, SAPK/JNK, and p38 showed that the activity of p38 but not that of the other 2 kinases was elevated in response to EMMPRIN. That p38 activity was required for EMMPRIN stimulation of MMP-1 was evident from results showing that the p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked this response. This is the first available information regarding the mechanism by which tumor-associated molecules upregulate MMP synthesis in stromal fibroblasts.
Laser-assisted cartilage reshaping: in vitro and in vivo animal studies

Correction of cartilaginous defects in the head and neck area remains a challenge for the surgeon. This study investigated a new technique for laser-assisted cartilage reshaping. The pulsed 1.44 micrometers Nd:YAG laser was used in vitro and in vivo experiments to irradiate cartilage to change it's shape without carbonization or vaporization of tissue. Two watts of average power in non contact manner was used to irradiate and reshape the cartilage. The extracted reshaped cartilage specimens underwent testing of elastic force with a computer assisted measurement system that recorded the changes in elastic force in the specimens from 1 hr to 11 days post-irradiation. An animal model of defective tracheal cartilage (collapsed tracheal wall) was created, allowed to heal for 6 weeks and then corrected endoscopically with the laser-assisted technique. The results of the in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that it was possible to alter the cartilage and that cartilage would retain its new shape. The clinical significance of the technique is evident and warrants further animal studies and clinical trials.
Sexual Stereotypes and Perceptions of Competence and Qualifications

This study investigated differences between men and women in their use of sexual stereotypes when evaluating recent hirees. Participants (33 Euro-American undergraduate women and 45 Euro-American u...
Concanavalin A‐Sepharose Chromatography of Hexosaminidase Isozymes Secreted By Tetrahymena*

Tetrahymena pyriformis strain HSM secretes 4 isozymes of hexosaminidase. Purified isozymes B1 and B2 are eluted from the void volume of a concanavalin A-Sepharose column, suggesting that they are not glycosylated. Purified isozymes A1 and A2 bind to the column and are eluted at ∼0.1 M α-methylmannoside, suggesting that these isozymes are glycoproteins. In agreement with earlier deductions based on a differential kinetic assay for the A and B isozymes, the elution pattern of hexosaminidase activity from material secreted by cells grown to early and late stationary phase was consistent with these secretions containing primarily the B and the A isozymes, respectively.
An improved procedure for high purity gaseous peroxyacyl nitrate production: Use of heavy lipid solvents

Abstract An improved procedure is described for the production of peroxyacyl nitrates (PAN's) in the gas phase. The method of Nielsen et al . (1982) has been modified to yield PAN's of high purity with no further Chromatographic purification required. Extraction of PAN's from the nitration of the peracids is accomplished by use of a heavy lipid solvent ( n -tridecane). This solvent's low vapor pressure allows the simple separation and preparation of high purity gaseous PAN's (> 98 %) as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Using this method infrared integrated band strengths are reported for peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) perdeutero-peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN-D 3 ) and peroxyproprionyl nitrate (PPN). The method allows facile production of large amounts of gaseous PAN's for smog chamber and laboratory studies, lexicological and health effects research, as well as for calibration of PAN analyses.
The Influence of Pipeline Insulation on Installation Temperature, Effective Force and Pipeline Buckling

High-performance insulated pipelines are designed for long cool-down times in operation. During the installation of such pipelines, the heat within the pipe as it leaves the lay vessel is not easily lost to the surrounding seawater. The ambient temperatures on the lay vessel, combined with significant heat input during welding and field joint coating, will result in the pipeline leaving the lay vessel at a temperature well above ambient deck temperature. The insulation system ensures that a significant amount of this heat will remain within the pipeline as it descends to the seabed, resulting in a higher than ambient installation temperature. As the pipeline cools to ambient seabed temperature, it is restrained on the seabed by axial friction thus generating effective tension in the pipeline. The magnitude of the locked in tension will depend on various factors, including the overall heat transfer coefficient, the system heat capacity, the water depth, water column temperature and the lay rate. Any significant locked in tension will influence the buckling behaviour of the pipeline by inhibiting buckle formation and reducing feed-in to lateral buckles. This paper presents a method to assess the temperature loss through the water column during installation of an insulated pipeline and the location, relative to the touchdown point, at which the pipeline becomes fully constrained. The modified as-installed temperature will much improve the accuracy of predicted buckling response at hydro-test or in operation.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
The historical development and present state‐of‐the‐art of mechanized information retrieval systems

The last ten years of equipment development and the application of mechanization techniques are reviewed for each of several functionally separate approaches, such as punched-card systems, computer systems, and magnetic media systems. Comments are made on the progress to date and the degree of activity to be expected during the next few years for each of these approaches.
Equilibrium Displacement and Stress Distribution in a Two-Dimensional, Axially Moving Web Under Transverse Loading

Von Karman nonlinear plate equations are modified to describe the motion of wide, axially moving web with small flexural stiffness under transverse loading. The model can represent a paper web or plastic sheet under some conditions. Closed-form solutions to two nonlinear, coupled equations governing the transverse displacement and stress function probably do not exist. The transverse forces arising from the bending stiffness are much smaller than those arising from the applied axial tension except near the edges of the web. This opens the possibility that boundary layer and singular perturbation theories can be used to model the bending forces near the edges of the web when determining the equilibrium solution and stress distribution. The present analysis is applied to two examples : (I) a web deflecting under its own uniformly distributed weight ; (II) a web deflecting under a transverse load whose distribution is described by the product of sine functions in the axial and width directions. Membrane theory and linear plate theory solutions are used to characterize the importance of the web deformation solutions.
A plasma cell ribbon.

![Figure][1] A 32-year-old man with a history of severe mental retardation presented with a bulky 11.7 cm × 6.8 cm superior mediastinal mass, confluent 5.3 cm × 3.9 cm right hilar lymphadenopathy, and a cavitary right upper lobe lung mass. HIV serology was negative. A core biopsy of the
Visual discrimination of local surface structure : Slant, tilt, and curvedness

In four experiments, observers were required to discriminate interval or ordinal differences in slant, tilt, or curvedness between designated probe points on randomly shaped curved surfaces defined by shading, texture, and binocular disparity. The results reveal that discrimination thresholds for judgments of slant or tilt typically range between 4° and 10°; that judgments of one component are unaffected by simultaneous variations in the other; and that the individual thresholds for either the slant or tilt components of orientation are approximately equal to those obtained for judgments of the total orientation difference between two probed regions. Performance was much worse, however, for judgments of curvedness, and these judgments were significantly impaired when there were simultaneous variations in the shape index parameter of curvature.
Development of Non-granular Leucocytes (Lymphocytes and Monocytes) into Polyblasts (Macrophages) and Fibroblasts in Vitro.∗:

The question whether the non-granular leucocytes of the blood of mammals are mature, specifically differentiated cells, or cells endowed with possibilities of progressive development is still subje...
Divergent fluctuations in the molar area of a model lung surfactant

Confocal microscopy was used to image palmitic acid monolayers containing a truncated form of lung surfactant protein B (*SP−B1-25). Analysis of the phase coexistence yielded estimates for the *SP−B1-25 concentration dependent molar area, a. A divergence in the molar area fluctuations is evident at 11.3 wt% *SP−B1-25. This result suggests that a critical point is located near 11.3 wt% *SP−B1-25 at 22 °C and 15 mN/m and that at least three phases coexist below this critical concentration.