cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of Short Time Transients from Spectrograms Using Scan Statistics

Abstract We present a methodology for the detection of small, impulsive signal transients using time-frequency spectrograms closely related to the emerging field of scan statistics. In local monitoring situations, single-channel detection of small explosions can be difficult due to the complicated nature of the local noise field. Small, impulsive signals are manifest as vertical stripes on spectrograms and are enhanced on grayscale representations using vertical detection masks. Bitmap images are formed where pixels above a defined threshold are set to one. A short-duration large bandwidth signal will have a large number of illuminated bits in the column corresponding to its arrival time. We form the marginal distribution of bit counts as a function of time, n i , by summing columnwise over frequency. For each time window we perform a hypothesis test, H 0 : signal+noise, by defining a probability model expected when a signal is present. This model is Bernoulli for signal versus no signal with probability of signal = ρ 1 . We assume that n i follows the binomial distribution and compute a probability of detection (represented as a p value) for a given ρ 1 . We apply the spectrogram detector to 1 hr of single-channel acoustic data containing a signal from a 1 lb chemical surface explosion recorded at 3.1 km distance and compare performance with a short-term average to long-term average (STA/LTA) detector. Both detectors are optimized through grid search and successfully detect the acoustic arrival from the 1 lb explosion. However, 70% more false detections are observed for STA/LTA than for the spectrogram detector. At great range, attenuation properties of the earth reduce the effectiveness of the spectrogram detector relative to STA/LTA. Data fusion techniques using multiple channels from a network are shown to reduce the number of false detections.
Rigid model-based 3D segmentation of the bones of joints in MR and CT images for motion analysis

There are several medical application areas that require the segmentation and separation of the component bones of joints in a sequence of images of the joint acquired under various loading conditions, our own target area being joint motion analysis. This is a challenging problem due to the proximity of bones at the joint, partial volume effects, and other imaging modality-specific factors that confound boundary contrast. In this article, a two-step model-based segmentation strategy is proposed that utilizes the unique context of the current application wherein the shape of each individual bone is preserved in all scans of a particular joint while the spatial arrangement of the bones alters significantly among bones and scans. In the first step, a rigid deterministic model of the bone is generated from a segmentation of the bone in the image corresponding to one position of the joint by using the live wire method. Subsequently, in other images of the same joint, this model is used to search for the same bone by minimizing an energy function that utilizes both boundary- and region-based information. An evaluation of the method by utilizing a total of 60 data sets on MR and CT images of the ankle complex and cervical spine indicates that the segmentations agree very closely with the live wire segmentations, yielding true positive and false positive volume fractions in the range 89%-97% and 0.2%-0.7%. The method requires 1-2 minutes of operator time and 6-7 min of computer time per data set, which makes it significantly more efficient than live wire-the method currently available for the task that can be used routinely.
Counting complements in the partition lattice, and hypertrees

Abstract Given two partitions π, σ of the set [n] = {1, ..., n} we call π and σ complements if their only common refinement is the partition {{1}, ..., {n}} and the only partition refined by both π and σ is {[n]}. If π = {A1, ..., Am} then we write ∣π∣ = m. We prove that the number of complements σ of π satisfying ∣σ∣ = n − m + 1 is ∏ i = 1 m ∣ A i ∣ ⋅ ( n − m + 1 ) m − 2 . For the proof we assign to each σ a hypertree describing the pattern of intersections of blocks of π and σ and then count the number of hypertrees and the number of σ corresponding to each hypertree.
Anti-inflammatory effects of beraprost sodium, a stable analogue of PGI2, and its mechanisms

We examined whether beraprost sodium (beraprost), a stable analogue of PGI2, has an anti-inflammatory effect on the permeability barrier through endothelial cells in vivo. The injection of collagen (5 micrograms/head) plus epinephrine (0.6 microgram/head) showed time-dependently the increased Evans blue dye leakage of the lung in mice for 60 min. Beraprost significantly suppressed this leakage dose-dependently (control; 11.26 +/- 1.64 micrograms/lung, beraprost 10 micrograms/kg; 7.49 +/- 1.36 micrograms/lung, 30 micrograms/kg; 5.33 +/- 0.71 micrograms/lung, 100 micrograms/kg; 5.52 +/- 0.79 micrograms/lung). Pulmonary thromboembolism-induced Evans blue dye leakage was also reduced significantly by aspirin (5 mg/kg), but PGE1 (170 micrograms/kg) showed a tendency to potentiate the edematogenic response. One week after the injection of same dosage of collagen plus epinephrine in mice, pulmonary thromboembolism showed the increase of wet-to-dry weight ratio of the lung (normal; 3.84 +/- 0.01, control; 3.96 +/- 0.04) and right ventricular hypertrophy (normal; 28.2 +/- 0.9%, control; 32.3 +/- 0.9%) compared to normal mice. Beraprost significantly suppressed lung edema and hypertrophy dose-dependently, and over 30 micrograms/kg/day of beraprost, the effects were statistically significant (beraprost 30 micrograms/kg/day; 3.85 +/- 0.02 and 27.8 +/- 1.4%, 100 micrograms/kg/day; 3.85 +/- 0.02 and 27.3 +/- 1.1%). Beraprost significantly reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 17 nmol/paw)-induced rat paw edema dose-dependently (5-HT alone; 100%, beraprost 10(-13) mol/paw; 91.19 +/- 2.22%, 10(-12) mol/paw; 85.79 +/- 4.85%, 10(-11) mol/paw; 78.49 +/- 3.95%). 5-HT-induced edema was also suppressed significantly by the co-injection of (-)-isoproterenol (10(-12) mol/paw), but PGE1 (10(-11) mol/paw) significantly potentiated the edematogenic response. From these results, we propose that the anti-inflammatory effect of beraprost may be contributed, in part, to the permeability barrier through end othelial cells in vivo.
P-Accountable Networked Systems

In this paper, we explore a quantitative approach to accountable networked systems. We propose P-Accountability, a novel concept and general metric, to assess the degree of system accountability. As a preliminary case study, we apply P-Accountability to PeerReview [1], an accountable distributed system. A quantitative relation between P-Accountability and message loss probability is given. We re-evaluate PeerReview with the notion of P-Accountability; the results show that network dynamics will affect P-Accountability and that PeerReview is not able to achieve perfect accountability in a realistic network when message loss is not avoidable. The purpose of this paper is to present early research results in the particularly interesting and innovative field of P-accountability research.
Cross-functional concentrations merge IT and business concepts

The College of Management at UMass Boston developed a set of cross functional / cross departmental concentrations involving mixing both IT courses and management courses in the business functional areas of finance and marketing. Although interdisciplinary concentrations aren't a new concept, these particular combinations, and their placement in a traditional school of management provide an innovative and integrative educational experience for UMass Boston students. In addition, these new concentration were specifically designed to provide an attractive pathway for students from area community colleges with 2-year IT related degrees who wish to expand their education into management. UMass Boston is a member of the Boston Area Advanced Technological Education Connections (BATEC), a National Science Foundation center. This Center is designed among other things, to develop a coordinated Information Technology (IT) education delivery system that integrates IT education across high schools, community colleges, ad the university. These cross functional concentrations benefited from BATEC activities and support BATEC goals.These new concentrations, launched in Fall 2005, involve mostly existing courses from multiple departments within the College of Management along with a small number of IT related courses already in preparation to update the primary IT concentrations. Beyond their required management core, concentrators take a carefully selected set of core and elective courses from each of two departments. This structure allows us to offer (in spite of limited resources) a range of cross functional / cross departmental concentrations that are intellectually rigorous and managerially useful.We shall describe the motivation for the new concentrations, the concentrations themselves, and discuss the organizational process of formulating and implementing them.
The varieties of symmetric stellar rings and radial caustics in galaxy disks

Numerical, restricted three-body and analytic calculations are used to study the formation and propagation of cylindrically symmetric stellar ring waves in galaxy disks. It is shown that such waves can evolve in a variety of ways, depending on the amplitude of the perturbation and the potential of the target galaxy. Rings can thicken as they propagate outward, remain at a nearly constant width, or be pinched off at large radii. Multiple, closely spaced rings can result from a low-amplitude collision, while an outer ring can appear well-separated from overlapping inner rings or an apparent lens structure in halo-dominated potentials. All the single-encounter rings consist of paired fold caustics. The simple, impulsive, kinematic oscillation equations appear to provide a remarkably accurate model of the numerical simulations. Simple analytic approximations to these equations permit very good estimates of oscillation periods and amplitudes, the evolution of ring widths, and ring birth and propagation characteristics.
Numbers and Arithmetic: Neither Hardwired Nor Out There

What is the nature of number systems and arithmetic that we use in science for quantification, analysis, and modeling? I argue that number concepts and arithmetic are neither hardwired in the brain, nor do they exist out there in the universe. Innate subitizing and early cognitive preconditions for number— which we share with many other species—cannot provide the foundations for the precision, richness, and range of number concepts and simple arithmetic, let alone that of more complex mathematical concepts. Numbers and arithmetic, and mathematics in general, have unique features—precision, objectivity, rigor, generalizability, stability, symbolizability, and applicability to the real world—that must be accounted for. They are sophisticated concepts that developed culturally only in recent human history. I suggest that numbers and arithmetic are realized through precise combinations of non-mathematical everyday cognitive mechanisms that make human imagination and abstraction possible. One such mechanism, conceptual metaphor, is a neurally instantiated inference-preserving cross-domain mapping that allows the conceptualization of abstract entities in terms of grounded bodily experience. I analyze how the inferential organization of the properties and “laws” of arithmetic emerge metaphorically from everyday meaningful actions. Numbers and arithmetic are thus—outside of natural selection—the product of the biologically constrained interaction of individuals with the appropriate cultural and historical phenotypic variation supported by language, writing systems, and education.
Electro-impulse deicing - Structural dynamic studies, icing tunnel tests and applications

This paper contains a discussion of the comparison of analytical and experimental results of the dynamic response of a flat rectangular plate subjected to electro-impulse type deicing forces. Early attempts in this correlation have been hampered by the complex leading edge geometries of the airfoils tested to date. The lack of a suitable analytical model for a typical leading edge structure has prompted these preliminary investigations of simple geometries, beginning with a flat plate and to be followed by a semi-cylindrical leading edge representation. The comparisons reported herein are thus limited to rectangular plate models. Project plans and icing tunnel results are given.
New non-linear circular birefringence effects of the electromagnetic field

Abstract The polarization, P , due to an electromagnetic field is expanded in powers of its electronic ( E ) and magnetic ( B ) components, and the Maxwell equations solved for new circular birefringence (CB) effects. At zeroth order there is a circular birefringence dependent on the anisotropy of the molecular polarisability. This is + to parity reversal P and occurs in achiral media. At first order the CB is proportional, in chiral media, to the product of E and the anisotropy of the electric hyperpolarisability tensor β 1 ∗ . This CB is - to P and changes sign between enantiomers. There is a similar term proportional to B and the anisotropy of the β 4 ∗ tensor. Finally there are terms in E which are P positive and occur in achiral media.
The Study of Automatic Counting of Coal and Gangue Based on the DaVinci Video Image Processing Technology

In this paper, an image processing and recognition system of the coal and gangue has been studied, which is made up by the chip DM6437 and some peripheral auxiliary equipment. The image processing arithmetic is realized by the CCS programming environment, and loaded into the target board through the simulator XDS510. The system takes advantage of the high performance of the chip to process the real-time image collected by the CCD camera, and makes count of coal and gangue. In this paper, we mainly use the coal and gangue’s trend of contours to make count，and we achieved to make count of the continuous and irregular coal and gangue in the rapid movement of the belt.
Enhancement of wetting properties of water-insoluble surfactantsvia solubilization

Water-insoluble surfactants generally show poor wetting behavior in the Draves skein wetting test. This does not appear to be due to high equilibrium or dynamic surface tension values, but to the presence of insoluble surfactant in the system. The replacement of a small percentage of the insoluble surfactant by a water-soluble one capable of solubilizing the former can produce a dramatic improvement in wetting behavior, even when the equilibrium or dynamic surface tension of the system is not significantly changed. Increase in the strength of the attractive interaction between the two surfactants generally improves the clarity of the system and decreases its wetting time.
Dependence of hypothalamic obesity on insulin, the pituitary and the adrenal gland.

ABSTRACT. The obesity which follows destruction of the ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus of rats is accompanied by hyperphagia and hypersecretion of insulin. The effects of weight gain after ventromedial lesions were examined after hypophysectomy, after adrenalectomy and in rats in which the secretory function of the (3-cells had been destroyed with streptozotocin. Mature female rats received streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) intravenously: a) prior to hypothalamic injury; b) 7 days following hypothalamic injury; or c) after the rats had already become obese following hypothalamic damage. Weight gain of lesioned rats was not impaired by hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy. Treatment of lesioned-hypophysectomized rats with growth hormone prevented most of the increase in weight. Cortisone treatment of adrenalectomized rats with lesions had no significant effect. Both lesioned and control rats lost weight following treatment with streptozotocin until supplemental insulin was given. Body weight of all anima...
Cloning of a novel maize endosperm-specific protein with partial sequence homology to a pollen surface protein

A gene encoding a novel maize endosperm protein has been cloned and sequenced. The gene encodes a 43 135 Da polypeptide which is 42% identical over two segments of an alfalfa pollen protein sequence. The gene is expressed in developing endosperm tissue, and not in other tissues such as shoot, pollen, or embryo.
Using the Rosetta algorithm and selected inter‐residue distances to predict protein structure

The Rosetta algorithm has had much success in protein structure prediction as demonstrated in the recent Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction (CASP) experiments. For many proteins, Rosetta generates several low root mean square deviation (RMSD) decoy structures but finding the best structure among the decoys can be difficult. Experimental data can be used to aid in the discrimination process. Our protein structure prediction method involves three steps: using the Rosetta algorithm to generate decoys, measuring inter-residue distances, and comparing the measured distances with those calculated in each decoy. Decoys with similar three-dimensional structure will also have several similar inter-residue distances. To develop our search protocol, we determined the optimal number of decoys to generate as well as the minimum number of distance constraints needed to distinguish between the low and high RMSD structures. To test our method, we simulate experimental data by measuring α-carbon distances from the experimentally determined structures of our target proteins. We have employed the Rosetta algorithm to generate decoy sets of different sizes for four target proteins. Our predicted structures ranged in Cα RMSD from 2.4 to 4.6 A compared with the experimental structures. Using only twenty-five distance constraints, reliable predictions were made. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Modeling single-hop wireless networks under Rician fading channels

An analytical model for single-hop ad hoc networks is introduced that considers the impact of the physical layer on the operation and performance of saturated IEEE 802.11. Using the bottom-up approach, aspects of the physical layer are explicitly incorporated in the dynamics of the events governing the operation of the IEEE 802.11 binary exponential backoff algorithm leading to a more realistic computation of the node's average service time and throughput. We study the impact of frequency-nonselective slowly time-variant Rician fading channels on the performance of single-hop ad hoc networks using the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function in saturation. We validate our model through simulations and study of the throughput performance of the four-way handshake mechanism under direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) with differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) modulation.
Integrating SCREAM micromachined devices with integrated circuits

We demonstrate the integration of SCREAM MEMS with a conventional, unmodified IC process. After fabricating the ICs, only two additional masks are needed to form the mechanical structure and the patterned metal interconnects. The mechanical structures are high-aspect-ratio beams formed from single-crystal silicon. SCREAM, which stands for single-crystal-silicon reactive etching and metallization, is a low temperature process requiring conventional IC fabrication tools including the following: RIE, PVD, CVD and optical lithography. None of the processing steps expose the wafer to temperatures above 300/spl deg/C. Also, the MEMS are independent of the substrate doping, and can be used with the substrate that is optimal for a particular IC process. We describe SCREAM as a "Portable" MEMS process. A portable process does not alter the ICs, can be run after the IC process, and does not require modification of commonly available IC processes. To support the claim that SCREAM is a portable process, we built structures on wafers containing industrially fabricated AD712 BiFET opamps. The ICs stayed within specification and the structures demonstrate successful fabrication adjacent to ICs.
Cloud Computing: Interview with Russ Daniels and Franco Travostino

Milojicic discusses cloud computing with Russ Daniels, Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Hewlett-Packard’s cloud services strategy, and Franco Travostino, a distinguished architect at eBay.
Derivation of fluorine and hydrogen atom parameters using liquid simulations

Simulations of periodic boxes of tetrafluoromethane and trifluoromethane were run to determine van der Waals parameters for fluorine and for hydrogen attached to a fluorine-bearing carbon. The simulations of CF4 were performed first to determine the optimal van der Waals radius R* and well depth e for fluorine by adjusting these parameters to reproduce the experimental molar volume and enthalpy of vaporization of CF4. The best values of R* and e were determined to be 1.75 A and 0.061 kcal/mol. Using these fluorine parameters, the simulations of CHF3 were then performed to determine if the hydrogen of this molecule required a smaller R* than that used for the “normal” hydrocarbon hydrogen determined by Spellmeyer and Kollman (results in preparation). That R* was determined by running Monte Carlo simulations on methane, ethane, propane, and butane and adjusting R* and e for carbon and hydrogen to reproduce the experimental molar volume and enthalpy of vaporization. It was found that an Re of 1.21 A was optimal, significantly smaller than the R* = 1.49 A found by Spellmeyer for “normal” hydrocarbon hydrogens. This value of R* is in good agreement with the R* for the hydrogen in CHF3 derived independently using ab initio calculations and molecular mechanics on F3CH… OH2 by Veenstra et al. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interspecific variation in distributions and diets of coral reef butterflyfishes (Teleostei: Chaetodontidae)

This study examined within-reef distributions for 19 species of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) at Lizard Island, northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia, and compared spatial patterns of abundance among species with contrasting diets. Spatial variation in abundance of butterflyfishes was most prominent among physiognomic reef zones mainly due to significant zonation of eight species, including four obligate hard-coral feeders (Chaetodon trifascialis, Chaetodon baronessa, Chaetodon plebeius and Chaetodon lunulatus) and four generalist species (Chaetodon auriga, Chaetodon citrinellus, Chaetodon kleinii and Chaetodon rafflesi). Distributions of obligate hard-coral feeders were closely associated with spatial variation in percentage cover of scleractinian corals, but no more restricted compared with facultative hard-coral feeders or non-coral feeders. Species with highest dietary specialization (C. trifascialis and C. baronessa), however, exhibited the most pronounced zonation patterns and were restricted to habitats with greatest abundance of their preferred prey. While there are conspicuous links between dietary specialization v. spatial patterns in abundance of butterflyfishes, it remains unclear whether dietary specialization is the cause or consequence of more restricted distributions.
MEMORY AS A RECONSTRUCTIVE PROCESS

This experiment investigated the effects of subject-defined structure on the free recall of verbal material. Four separate groups of 15 subjects each sorted four different word lists into individually defined categories. Immediately after sorting, the subjects were unexpectedly asked for a free recall of these words. All subjects' recall outputs were organized in concord with their sorting categories. Over all subjects a number of common categories emerged. In addition, recall categories were found to be temporally distinct in individual recall records. The results were taken to support the view that memory is a reconstructive rather than an associative process when task constraints do not preclude the subject from using subject-defined organizational factors.
Preferential Aggregation and Coalescence in Heterodispersed Systems

A theoretical study of preferential coalescence and aggregation of small particles in heterodispersed systems has been carried out where moderate electrical barriers exist between the particles. Equations based on the concepts of Derjaguin, Verwey, and Overbeek were employed. Computation over a wide range of conditions has shown that small particles may aggregate (or coalesce) with themselves or with larger particles at rates that are 10 to 50 orders of magnitude faster than particles 10 times larger. These findings may explain ( a ) the relatively narrow particle size distributions observed in certain emulsions and flocculated suspensions and ( b ) the limited flocculation and coalescence behavior observed in certain instances.
The PRO-SELF program: A self-care intervention program for patients receiving cancer treatment

Objectives: To describe the development, testing, and refinement of the PRO-SELF Program as used in randomized clinical trials. Data Sources: Research studies and articles. Conclusions: The PRO-SELF Program has made an important contribution in enhancing patients' self-care and reducing morbidity. It has the potential to contribute to self-care abilities of children and adolescents who have cancer. Implications for Nursing Practice: It is imperative that patients and their families have the essential information, skills, and support to carry out effective self-care symptom management.
In vitro studies of primary explosive blast loading on neurons

In a military setting, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is frequently caused by blast waves that can trigger a series of neuronal biochemical changes. Although many animal models have been used to study the effects of primary blast waves, elucidating the mechanisms of damage in a whole-animal model is extremely complex. In vitro models of primary blast, which allow for the deconvolution of mechanisms, are relatively scarce. It is largely unknown how structural damage at the cellular level impacts the functional activity at variable time scales after the TBI event. A novel in vitro system was developed to probe the effects of explosive blast (ranging from ∼25 to 40 psi) on dissociated neurons. PC12 neurons were cultured on laminin-coated substrates, submerged underwater, and subjected to single and multiple blasts in a controlled environment. Changes in cell membrane permeability, viability, and cell morphology were evaluated. Significant increases in axonal beading were observed in the injured cells. In addition, although cell death was minimal after a single insult, cell viability decreased significantly following repeated blast exposure.
Psychological reactions to cardiac operations: an historical perspective.

The impact of heart surgery has many ramifications for the patient. With studies of mitral commissurotomies in the early 1950's, we begin to learn of man's response to newer surgical and medical procedures which radically change the course of life. In the area of heart surgery, the dramatic and prevalent postoperative psychoses occurring in intensive care units have been discussed, along with the intimate relationship existing between preoperative emotional slate and postoperative outcome. The symbolism of the heart, as the life-sustaining organ, the meaning of death, and the importance of the motivation to live are three interrelated facets representative of man's response to having his heart operated on. New technology in physical medicine leads to new insights in psychological medicine and thereby underscores the pressing need for greater collaboration amongst all specialists concerned with patient care.
Acetylome Profiling Reveals Overlap in the Regulation of Diverse Processes by Sirtuins, Gcn5, and Esa1

Although histone acetylation and deacetylation machineries (HATs and HDACs) regulate important aspects of cell function by targeting histone tails, recent work highlights that non-histone protein acetylation is also pervasive in eukaryotes. Here, we use quantitative mass-spectrometry to define acetylations targeted by the sirtuin family, previously implicated in the regulation of non-histone protein acetylation. To identify HATs that promote acetylation of these sites, we also performed this analysis in gcn5 (SAGA) and esa1 (NuA4) mutants. We observed strong sequence specificity for the sirtuins and for each of these HATs. Although the Gcn5 and Esa1 consensus sequences are entirely distinct, the sirtuin consensus overlaps almost entirely with that of Gcn5, suggesting a strong coordination between these two regulatory enzymes. Furthermore, by examining global acetylation in an ada2 mutant, which dissociates Gcn5 from the SAGA complex, we found that a subset of Gcn5 targets did not depend on an intact SAGA complex for targeting. Our work provides a framework for understanding how HAT and HDAC enzymes collaborate to regulate critical cellular processes related to growth and division.
Effect of Malic and Lactic Acid Incorporated Soy Protein Coatings on the Sensory Attributes of Whole Apple and Fresh‐Cut Cantaloupe

Whole apples and fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes were coated with soy protein + glycerol (SP) films and 2 other films that were demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity in model system, SP + malic acid (MSP), and SP + lactic acid (LSP). Treated apples and cantaloupe cubes were stored at 5°C, and the sensory properties were evaluated with a trained descriptive analysis panelists. Texture and color were also measured with instruments. The sourness of SP-coated apples was lower than non-coated, MSP-coated, and LSP-coated apples after 28 d of storage. The sweetness of the LSP-coated cantaloupe cubes was higher than the non-coated and the MSP-coated samples at 7 d. The sensory evaluation of the MSP and LSP coatings on the apples and the cantaloupe cubes showed no significant difference in the other attributes of taste and appearance. Although instrumental measurements showed that hardness of the coated apples was higher than that of the non-coated ones, the panelists did not detect the differences. Instrumental measurements also showed that the hardness of the SP-coated cantaloupe cubes was lower than the non-coated, LSP-coated, and MSP-coated cantaloupe cubes, and the panelists did not detect the differences. The color of the apples evaluated by panelists was correlated with instrumental color measurements. Organic acid incorporated films (MSP and LSP) did not adversely impact the sensory properties of the tested products. Malic and lactic acids incorporated soy protein film that can be used to coat the whole apple and the fresh-cut cantaloupes without affecting the sensory properties.
Extinguishing conditioned responses during opiate dependence treatment turning laboratory findings into clinical procedures

Former opiate addicts (even those who have remained drug-free for several months) often report symptoms of opiate withdrawal (eg. nausea, gooseflesh, etc.) and/or intense drug craving when exposed to stimuli previously associated with the act of drug injection. This phenomenon of learned or "conditioned" withdrawal/craving is widely reported and is potentially important in explaining relapse to drug use. However, no effective, clinically applicable intervention had been available to "extinguish" these conditioned phenomena. An ongoing project to develop such an intervention has revealed: Conditioned withdrawal and craving are pervasive among both methadone maintained patients (even though actual physical withdrawal is blocked) and drug-free patients even after 30 days of inpatient Therapeutic Community rehabilitation. Conditioned withdrawal and craving can be effectively extinguished in an intensive, three-week, inpatient procedure. Emotional states such as anger, depression and anxiety can elicit and exacerbate conditioned withdrawal and craving. They may also act as an integral part of a conditioned stimulus complex. The authors discuss the problems associated with turning a laboratory-based procedure into a clinical intervention. Encouraging preliminary results from an integrated treatment "package" are presented.
Course of Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood

The natural history and long-term outcome of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) was studied by questionnaire within a large cohort of 157 patients, as part of the European Network for Research on Alternating Hemiplegia (ENRAH) project.
Marx’s Doctrine of Use Value Compared with Mill’s Theoretic Utilitarianism:

This article looks at the similarities and differences between Karl Marx’s theory of value and J.S. Mill’s theory of value, where value is synonymous with ‘utility’. It explores how the authors treated the spheres of use and exchange; possibilities of revolutionary social praxis under each of their philosophies; and their respective ability to endure in relevance for the contemporary social world. This article also analyzes their methodologies for achieving utility, focusing on the humanistic and mechanistic aspects of both Marxism and utilitarianism. Connections between their logical aims are also made in the field of ethics. Epistemic considerations are taken into account when making a value judgement on their works, in that materialist philosophy sometimes melds with idealist philosophy in the works of both authors. Finally, an idea will be given as to who was the ‘better philosopher’ judging by consistency of means and ends.
Altered oncoprotein expression and apoptosis in myelodysplastic syndrome marrow cells

Ineffective hematopoiesis with associated cytopenias and potential evolution to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterize patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We evaluated levels of apoptosis and of apoptosis-related oncoproteins (c-Myc, which enhances, and Bcl-2, which diminishes apoptosis) expressed within CD34+ and CD34- marrow cell populations of MDS patients (n = 24) to determine their potential roles in the abnormal hematopoiesis of this disorder. Marrow cells were permeabilized and CD34+ and CD34- cells were separately analyzed by FACS to detect: (1) a subdiploid (sub-G1) DNA population, and (2) expression of Bcl-2 and c-Myc oncoproteins. Within the CD34+ subset, a significantly increased percentage of cells demonstrated apoptotic/sub- G1 DNA content in early (ie. refractory anemia) MDS patients compared with normal individuals and AML patients (mean values: 9.1% > 2.1% > 1.2%). Correlated with these findings, the ratio of expression of c-Myc to Bcl-2 oncoproteins among CD34+ cells was significantly increased for MDS patients compared to those from normal and AML individuals (mean values: 1.6 > 1.2 > 0.9). Bcl-2 and c-Myc oncoprotein levels were maturation stage-dependent, with high levels expressed within CD34+ marrow cells, decreasing markedly with myeloid maturation. Treatment of seven MDS patients with the cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus erythropoietin was associated with decreased levels of apoptosis within CD34+ marrow cells and may contribute to the enhanced hematopoiesis in vivo that was shown. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that altered balance between cell-death (eg, c-Myc) and cell-survival (eg, Bcl-2) programs were associated with the increased degrees of apoptosis present in MDS hematopoietic precursors and may contribute to the ineffective hematopoiesis in this disorder, in contrast to decreased apoptosis and enhanced leukemic cell survival in AML.
Analysis of the actions of angiotensin on the central nervous system of conscious dogs.

Angiotensin II (ANG II) acts on the brain to elevate blood pressure (BP), stimulate drinking, increase the secretion of vasopressin and corticotropin (ACTH), and inhibit the secretion of renin. The present studies were designed to evaluate the possible physiological significance of these effects. The experiments were performed in conscious dogs with small catheters chronically implanted in both carotid and both vertebral arteries. ANG II was infused into both carotid or both vertebral arteries in doses of 0.1, 0.33, 1.0, and 2.5 ng.kg-1.min-1. Intravertebral ANG II produced dose-related increases in BP that were generally accompanied by increases in heart rate. Intracarotid angiotensin also increased BP but did not change heart rate. Intracarotid ANG II stimulated drinking and, at the highest dose only, increased the secretion of vasopressin, ACTH, and corticosteroids. Intravertebral and intracarotid ANG II suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA). In a parallel series of experiments, the effects of intravenous ANG II, in doses of 2, 5, 10, and 20 ng.kg-1.min-1, were studied. These infusions produced dose-related increases in BP and water intake and suppressed PRA. Only the highest dose of ANG II increased vasopressin or corticosteroid secretion. Analysis of these results in terms of calculated or measured changes in plasma ANG II concentration indicate that the central cardiovascular and dipsogenic actions of angiotensin, as well as the suppression of PRA, can be elicited by concentrations of the peptide that are within the physiological range. On the other hand high, probably supraphysiological, levels of ANG II are required to increase vasopressin or ACTH secretion.
Visualizing allele-specific expression in single cells reveals epigenetic mosaicism in an H19 loss-of-imprinting mutant

Imprinting is a classic mammalian epigenetic phenomenon that results in expression from a single parental allele. Imprinting defects can lead to inappropriate expression from the normally silenced allele, but it remains unclear whether every cell in a mutant organism follows the population average, which would have profound implications for human imprinting disorders. Here, we apply a new fluorescence in situ hybridization method that measures allele-specific expression in single cells to address this question in mutants exhibiting aberrant H19/Igf2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) imprinting. We show that mutant primary embryonic mouse fibroblasts are comprised of two subpopulations: one expressing both H19 alleles and another expressing only the maternal copy. Only in the latter cell population is Igf2 expression detected. Furthermore, the two subpopulations are stable in that cells do not interconvert between the two expression patterns. Combined small input methylation analysis and transcriptional imaging revealed that these two mutant subpopulations exhibit distinct methylation patterns at their imprinting control regions. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation reduced the proportion of monoallelic cells. Importantly, we observed that the same two subpopulations are also present in vivo within murine cardiac tissue. Our results establish that imprinting disorders can display striking single-cell heterogeneity in their molecular phenotypes and suggest that such heterogeneity may underlie epigenetic mosaicism in human imprinting disorders.
A Rare Case of Tolosa-Hunt-Like Syndrome in a Poorly Controlled Diabetes Mellitus

We report a case of a 50-year-old female with diabetes mellitus who presented with progressive second, third, fifth, sixth, and eighth cranial nerve palsy. Diagnostic investigation revealed hyperglycemic state, and brain imaging showed a right cavernous sinus enhancement suggestive of and consistent with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. The patient was started on steroids with tight glycemic control for eight weeks; subsequently, the cranial nerve palsies resolved as well as documented resolution of the right cavernous sinus enhancement.
132 CARDIAC EFFECTS OF HYPERTRANSFUSION THERAPY IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SS)

Serial echocardiography was used to assess cardiac size and function of 5 children (0. 9 to 16 years) on hypertransfusion therapy (HT) for clinical problems related to SS. Satisfactory HT status, defined as total Hb levels maintained at ≥10 gm% and Hb-S at <10%, was achieved with washed packed RBC transfusion every 2-3 weeks. Iron status was monitored. Echo measurements of LV dimension (LVD), LA dimension (LAD), LV wall thickness (W), LV mass (M), cardiac output (Q), PEP/ET ratio and circumferential fiber shortening velocity (VCF) were obtained every 2-4 months during HT. These were compared to those of 100 normal children (48 Blacks, 52 Whites). Clinical improvement was dramatic. In one child (age 1 yr), the echo data remained normal before and during HT. The values in the other 4, expressed as % of predicted normal, before (C) and during HT for 8-10 mos are as follows: The improved clinical status during HT is accompanied by diminution of cardiac size and of the high-output state. These changes may reverse after HT is discontinued.
The Synthesis of Diphenylpolenes and PPV-Oligomers Incorporating Diphenylphosphino Donor Groups

Previous studies of the second and third order nonlinear optical properties of organic molecules have shown enhancement of the nonlinear response when second row elements replace first row elements (e. g. S for O) in electron donating groups. Various substituted amino functionalities have been utilized extensively as strong donors in the design of molecules for both second and third order NLO applications. However, to date, no research groups have reported a systematic study of the effect of replacing N (nitrogen) by P (phosphorus) in various chromophore functionalities. We have now synthesized a series of bis(diphenylphosphio)diphenylpolyenes with up to five double bonds, a bis-(diphenylphosphino)-PPV dimer, and a diphenylphosphino DANS equivalent. The absorption characteristics compared to the N equivalents, and the implications for photonics applications will be discussed.
The Extra Credit Consultation in Two Academic Settings

Academic librarians have offered research consultations long before they were clearly defined and officially called research consultations. Research consultations discussed in this article refer to...
Monopsony Power in the Labor Market of Nippon Professional Baseball

Although sports teams around the world can no longer use the reserve clause to bind their players forever, teams can still exert considerable monopsony power early in the players' careers. Institutional and cultural factors specific to Nippon Professional Baseball and to Japan suggest that this monopsony power is stronger and longer‐lasting in Japan than in other countries. We use techniques associated with the Oaxaca decomposition to simulate the impact of free agency on the pay of baseball players in Japan who have not yet reached free agency. We find that free agency in Japan has a large impact on pay but that this increase is quite small relative to the impact in Major League Baseball. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Land Use Regression Models of On-Road Particulate Air Pollution (Particle Number, Black Carbon, PM2.5, Particle Size) Using Mobile Monitoring.

Land Use Regression (LUR) models typically use fixed-site monitoring; here, we employ mobile monitoring as a cost-effective alternative for LUR development. We use bicycle-based, mobile measurements (∼85 h) during rush-hour in Minneapolis, MN to build LUR models for particulate concentrations (particle number [PN], black carbon [BC], fine particulate matter [PM2.5], particle size). We developed and examined 1224 separate LUR models by varying pollutant, time-of-day, and method of spatial and temporal smoothing of the time-series data. Our base-case LUR models had modest goodness-of-fit (adjusted R2: ∼0.5 [PN], ∼0.4 [PM2.5], 0.35 [BC], ∼0.25 [particle size]), low bias (<4%) and absolute bias (2−18%), and included predictor variables that captured proximity to and density of emission sources. The spatial density of our measurements resulted in a large model-building data set (n = 1101 concentration estimates); ∼25% of buffer variables were selected at spatial scales of <100m, suggesting that on-road particl...
A New Ratio Test for Positive Monotone Series

Combining D'Alembert's ratio test and Cauchy's condensation test, we present a new ratio test for any positive monotone series.
The More Copyright Laws Change, the More Digital Challenges Stay the Same

This essay was a contribution to the Liber Amicorum for Professor Jan Rosen of Stockholm University, a former president of the International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP). Drawing on Professor Rosen's scholarship, the essay shows how today's judges, legislators, policymakers and commentators continue to address questions that copyright and media law scholars have explored in the past decades.Specifically, this essay focuses on two topics. The first topic concerns the exhaustion of distribution rights in computer software and other digital works, including regional exhaustion within the European Union. The second topic covers the conflict between copyright and freedom of expression. It ties the discussion to the larger debate on intellectual property and human rights. Both topics remain timely and highly relevant today.
Stiff-Person Syndrome: A Case Report

This is a case report of stiff-person syndrome (SPS) with episodes of paroxysmal autonomic dysfunction. A 67-year-old female with hypothyroidism, anxiety and hypertension presented with shortness of breath and diaphoresis for 1 day. The patient had been bedbound for several years due to muscle rigidity. She had two episodes of paroxysmal autonomic dysfunction treated with Ativan which resolved. Her anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody became abnormally high at > 250. She was treated with IVIG 30 g daily for 5 days as an inpatient and was discharged on 3 monthly IVIG treatment 1 g/kg × 2 days. This case report describes SPS with paroxysmal autonomic dysfunction. J Med Cases. 2016;7(10):426-428 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2619w
Greed is super: A new iterative method for super-resolution

We present a new greedy algorithm for super-resolution. Given the low-frequency part of the spectrum of a sequence of impulses, our objective is to estimate their positions. The backbone of our work is the fundamental work of Slepian et al. involving discrete prolate spheroidal wave functions and their unique properties. By its greedy nature, our work differs from the approach of Candes et al. based on convex optimization. By its use of prolate functions, our work also differs from the greedy algorithm presented by Fannjiang et al.
Asian megastructure and queer futurity

Megastructures are promulgated by a progressive set of transnational architects in the 1960s influenced by ideas of social equality, biological process, neofuturism and eco-fantasy. As complex and ...
Optimizing the interfacial thermal conductance at gold-alkane junctions from ?First Principles?

We theoretically explore the influence of end-group chemistry (bond stiffness and mass) on the interfacial thermal conductance at a gold-alkane interface. We accomplish this using the Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) coupled with first principle parameters in Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the harmonic approximation. Our results indicate that the interfacial thermal conductance is not a monotonic function of either chemical parameters, but instead maximizes at an optimal set of mass and bonding strength. This maximum is a result of the interplay between the overlap in local density of states of the device and that in the contacts, as well as the phonon group velocity. We also demonstrate the intrinsic relationship between the Diffusive Mismatch Model (DMM) and the properties from NEGF, and provide an approach to get DMM from first principles NEGF. By comparing the NEGF based DMM conductance and range of conductance while altering the mass and bonding strength, we show that DMM provides an upper bound for elastic transport in this dimensionally mismatched system. We thus have a prescription to enhance the thermal conductance of systems at low temperatures or at low dimensions where inelastic scattering is considerably suppressed.
Agroecology: A Transdisciplinary, Participatory and Action-Oriented Approach, by V. Ernesto Méndez, Christopher M. Bacon, Roseann Cohen, and Stephen R. Gliessman

Through decades while US researchers were working with farmers and community-based researchers on agroecology, publications and academic references were scarce in the United States. But suddenly th...