cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approximate solution of an inverse scattering problem for a plane dielectric structure with perfectly conducting base

An approach is proposed for the approximate solution of an inverse scattering problem for the plane electromagnetic wave incidence on a plane layered dielectric with a perfectly conducting substrate at the base. It is shown that this inverse scattering problem is identical to the inverse scattering problem for a purely dielectric layered structure when the values of impulse response on a limited interval are taken as initial data. This interval corresponds to the time of plane wave propagation in dielectric media without interaction with a perfectly conducting substrate. The parameters of approximation models of the impulse response are determined by methods of spectral analysis from the values of the reflection coefficient given in a limited frequency range.
Improved wavelengths and energy levels of doubly-ionized argon (Ar III)

New measurements of Ar III wavelengths between 508 A and 4183 A are combined with measurements from the literature to find improved values for the energy of most of the known levels in Ar III. Parameters derived from fitting the new level energies to an LS-coupling model are presented along with eigenvector compositions of the levels. On the basis of this analysis new designations are recommended for several levels.
Revision of the tribe Microtrachelizini Zimmerman, 1994, from Australia: new taxa and records (Insecta: Coleoptera, Brentidae)

The Microtrachelizini from Australia are revised. Four species and one genus are described as new for science (Araiorrhinus zimmermani n.sp., Howeius micropterus n.gen., n.sp., Microtrachelizus altostriatus n.sp. and M. australicus n.sp.). One new synonymy is proposed (M. laevis Damoiseau, 1987 n. syn. of M. montrouzieri Senna, 1903) and two species are recorded as new for Australia (M. montrouzieri and M. occultus Kleine, 1935, the latter removed from synonymy with M. bhamoensis (Senna, 1892)). An identification key and pictures of the habitus are given for the nine Microtrachelizini species presently known from Australia.
Implementation and measurements of efficient communication facilities for distributed database systems

Experimentation with several methods of providing efficient communication facilities for distributed database systems is described. These studies give insight into the delays incurred by applications running on distributed systems. Five different mechanisms for local interprocess communications (two variations with message queues, named pipes, shared memory, and UDP sockets) have been implemented, compared, and analyzed. The most efficient of these is three times as fast as UDP for 1000-byte messages. Kernel-level software multicast and hardware multicast have also been implemented and their performance analyzed. The results show the significant advantage of using these techniques instead of using multiple sends and receives at the user level. The design of a facility that allows the dynamic addition of user-level protocols such as two-phase commit, clock synchronization, etc. to an operating system kernel is presented. The facility is based on a simple stack-based language that provides the functionality and security required. >
In Search of Excellence

Thc author examines the overdues procedures of a medium-sized public library that has been able to greatly reduce its overdues rate. The library sends two notices, gives a six-day grace period in circulated materials, employs one fine slip, and relies on legal action for patrons with over $50 in materials overdue. Sample forms are appended.
The Solar Dynamics Observatory after three years in orbit

There are three instruments aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): EVE, which measures the extreme ultraviolet irradiance of the Sun; AIA, which images the Sun at high cadence in ten wavelengths; and HMI, which measures the solar magnetic field and velocity of the solar surface. These instruments have returned roughly 1.5 Tbytes of solar data per day nearly continuously since the beginning of SDO's science operations in May 2010, which has been facilitated by a continuous downlink from geosynchronous orbit to SDO's dedicated pair of 18-m antennas in White Sands, New Mexico. Science data returned from SDO is continually advancing knowledge of and research in prominence and filament eruptions, late phase flares, and the solar vector magnetic field, amongst other areas. Additionally, observations made during orbit maintenance, collision avoidance, and ground system operations have yielded lessons learned about the need to account for extreme weather in antenna design and the importance of clear, direct communication channels with other satellite operators. These observations and lessons are being used to improve the SDO ground system and operations approach and may prove useful for future mission design.
Radiosensitizing Effects of Temozolomide Observed in vivo only in a Subset of O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Methylated Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts

Purpose Concurrent temozolomide (TMZ) and radiation therapy (RT) followed by adjuvant TMZ is standard treatment for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), although the relative contribution of concurrent versus adjuvant TMZ is unknown. In this study, the efficacy of TMZ/RT was tested with a panel of 20 primary GBM xenografts. Methods and Materials Mice with intracranial xenografts were treated with TMZ, RT, TMZ/RT, or placebo. Survival ratio for a given treatment/line was defined as the ratio of median survival for treatment vs. placebo. Results The median survival ratio was significantly higher for O6- methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylated tumors versus unmethylated tumors following treatment with TMZ (median survival ratio, 3.6 vs. 1.5, respectively; p = 0.008) or TMZ/RT (5.7 vs. 2.3, respectively; p = 0.001) but not RT alone (1.7 vs. 1.6; p = 0.47). In an analysis of variance, MGMT methylation status and p53 mutation status were significantly associated with treatment response. When we analyzed the additional survival benefit conferred specifically by combined therapy, only a subset (5 of 11) of MGMT methylated tumors derived substantial additional benefit from combined therapy, while none of the MGMT unmethylated tumors did. Consistent with a true radiosensitizing effect of TMZ, sequential treatment in which RT (week 1) was followed by TMZ (week 2) proved significantly less effective than TMZ followed by RT or concurrent TMZ/RT (survival ratios of 4.0, 9.6 and 12.9, respectively; p Conclusions Concurrent treatment with TMZ and RT provides significant survival benefit only in a subset of MGMT methylated tumors and provides superior antitumor activity relative to sequential administration of RT and TMZ.
Near-field electrospinning.

A near-field electrospinning (NFES) process has been developed to deposit solid nanofibers in a direct, continuous, and controllable manner. A tungsten electrode with tip diameter of 25 μm is used to construct nanofibers of 50−500 nm line width on silicon-based collectors while the liquid polymer solution is supplied in a manner analogous to that of a dip pen. The minimum applied bias voltage is 600 V, and minimum electrode-to-collector distance is 500 μm to achieve position controllable deposition. Charged nanofibers can be orderly collected, making NFES a potential tool in direct write nanofabrication for a variety of materials.
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty failures in patients with multivessel disease : is there an increased risk ?

In recent years, there has been a nationwide trend toward performing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. The clinical course of 57 consecutive patients who required emergency first-time coronary artery bypass grafting operations were reviewed to assess for difference in outcome between the 28 patients (49%) with single-vessel disease and the 29 patients (51%) with multivessel disease. The two groups were similar in preoperative characteristics except for a higher proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the patients with multivessel disease ( p =0.03). Twice as many patients with multivessel disease were in shock (single-vessel disease=4 [14%], multivessel disease=8 [28%], p =not significant) en route to the operating room and significantly more patients with multivessel disease required on-going cardiopulmonary resuscitation (single-vessel disease=0 [0%], multivessel disease=5 [17%], p =0.03). Significantly more coronary artery bypass grafts were placed in the patients with multivessel disease (single-vessel disease=1.5±0.6, multivessel disease=2.9±0.7, p p =0.02) and cardiopulmonary bypass time ( p p =0.05). According to multivariate analysis, incremental risk factors of mortality were preoperative shock ( p p =0.06), and multivessel disease ( p =0.12). Despite a similar incidence of myocardial infarction (single-vessel disease=8 [29%], multivessel disease=12 [41%], p = not significant), patients with multivessel disease had a higher incidence of cardiac morbidity (single-vessel disease=4 [14%], multivessel disease=11 [38%], p =0.04) and noncardiac morbidity (single-vessel disease=4 [14%], multivessel disease=12 [41%], p =0.02). By multivariate analysis, incremental risk factors of morbidity were preoperative shock ( p p =0.02), and ejection fraction p =0.07). In the subset of patients with multivessel disease, preoperative shock, ejection fraction
The Relation Between Mindfulness and Posttraumatic Growth: A Study of First Responders to Trauma-Inducing Incidents

Research on the reactions of first responders (e.g., police officers, fire fighters) to traumatic incidents has largely focused on negative symptoms (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder) rather than aspects promoting mental health. Consistent with the counseling profession's focus on growth and development, this study investigated the relation between mindfulness (using the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills) and posttraumatic growth (using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory) among 183 police officers. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that effort toward spiritual growth was positively correlated, and accepting events without judgment was negatively correlated, with posttraumatic growth. Implications for mental health counseling are discussed.
CORRECT DELINEATIONS AND PROMISCUOUS OUTLINES: ENVISIONING INDIA AT THE TRIAL OF WARREN HASTINGS

This essay explores the representation of India to a British metropolitan audience in the last decades of the eighteenth century, a time of burgeoning orientalist scholarship. Texts and images produced during the period reveal many of the ambiguities and ambivalences in the evolving relationship between Parliament, the East India Company and native Indian rulers. Between 1788 and 1795 these were highlighted dramatically in the impeachment proceedings against Warren Hastings, the Governor-General of the East India Company's possessions. The proceedings coincided with the exhibition and publication in London of a corpus of Indian landscape paintings executed by William Hodges, who had enjoyed Hastings's patronage during and after his travels in India. The article focuses on a number of satirical political prints relating to the impeachment, arguing that they draw upon the sudden influx of graphic information on India as a vehicle for satire while invoking a contemporary penchant for optical devices of various sorts. In doing so, they highlight a contemporary tension between the aesthetic and documentary value of the image, which is often framed in terms of a dialectical opposition between artistic translation and transcription. It is suggested that these images reflect a hermeneutic common to other modes of orientalist production, which effected a domestic inscription of the Orient by finding correspondences between the foreign and the familiar.
A subcooled DNB investigation of freon-113 and its similarity to subcooled water DNB data

Abstract Subcooled DNB test data in Freon 113 vertically flowing in a uniformly heated circular tube are reported. With these data, extension by the existing scaling techniques for the CHF in the quality region to that for DNB in the subcooled region was verified. A method of predicting the high pressure water flow DNB heat fluxes by testing for DNB in a less expensive Freon-113 flow loop was also established.
Biological processes studied at the single molecule level

Summary form only given. This tutorial will discuss single molecule fluorescence methods used to observe conformational changes in biological molecules. Topics covered will include a summary of the methods, instrumentation considerations, and selected applications.
Experimental infection of pregnant cattle with bluetongue virus serotype 11 between postbreeding days 21 and 48

Four bluetongue virus (BTV)-seronegative heifers and 2 BTV-seropositive heifers were inoculated with the virulent strain UC-8 of BTV-11 between postbreeding days (PBD) 21 and 30. The heifers were observed for 10-18 days after inoculation for clinical signs, and pregnancy was monitored by ultrasound examination of the uterus and by plasma progesterone levels. Blood samples were collected daily after inoculation and processed for virus isolation and titration. Heifers were euthanized between PBD31 and PBD48, and tissues were collected for virologic and pathologic examination. All but 1 heifer inoculated on PBD21 remained pregnant after BTV inoculation, A cystic corpus luteum was found in the ovary of the nonpregnant heifer, but BTV was not isolated from the reproductive tract of this heifer. Three of the inoculated heifers that remained pregnant showed mild multifocal areas of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the ovary. BTV was reisolated from spleen and prescapular and peribronchial lymph nodes 10 days after inoculation from 3 of the 4 BTV-seronegative heifers. BTV was also reisolated from the uterus of 1 of the heifers that remained pregnant, but microscopic lesions were not found in this organ. One major cause of infertility in animals is early embryo loss. 16 As a consequence of embryonic death, the length of calving intervals is increased. 36 Data of the Dairy Herd Improvement Association indicate that the economic losses due to an increase in calving in- tervals in the USA was more than $500 million per year 29 In spite of this detrimental effect, little is known about the causes of embryo mortality. In cattle, tricho- moniasis, 3 vibriosis, 3 bovine viral diarrhea, 2,30 and in- fectious bovine rhinotracheitis 4,22,23,31 have been con- sidered causes of embryo mortality. Epidemiologic and in vitro studies suggest that bluetongue virus (BTV) could also be associated with embryo death in cat- tle. 5,6,14 pathogenesis of viral infections of the embryo at this stage of gestation can be carried out with greater as- surance of the events occurring in the uterus.
Rover-Based Visual Target Tracking Validation and Mission Infusion

The Mars Exploration Rovers (MER'03), Spirit and Opportunity, represent the state of the art in rover operations on Mars. This paper presents validation experiments of different visual tracking algorithms using the rover's navigation camera.
Sex-Dependent Differences in Estrogen Regulation of Choline Acetyltransferase Are Altered by Neonatal Treatments*

We investigated whether estrogenic actions of testosterone during development which mediate the suppression of feminine reproductive behavior and cyclic gonadotropin secretion also contribute to reported sex differences in the induction of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) after estrogen priming in the diagonal band region of the preoptic area. Newborn female rats received estradiol (E2 females); newborn males received l,4,6-androstatrien-3,17-dione (ATD), an inhibitor of aromatase (ATD males); and some of both sexes received vehicle treatment (control). In adulthood, feminine sexual behavior (lordosis) was tested after E2 plus progesterone priming. The neonatal treatments reversed the sex-specific response pattern; E2 females were defeminized and displayed minimal lordosis, as did control males, while ATD males showed maximal lordosis, as did control females. E2 was then administered, and ChAT activity was measured in the horizontal and vertical nuclei of the diagonal bands (hDB and vDB, respectively). Co...
Xylem root and shoot hydraulics is linked to life history type in chaparral seedlings

Summary 1. Shrubs in fire prone chaparral communities have evolved different life history types in response to fire. A key to understanding the evolution of life history type differences is to understand how physiological traits are linked to differences in life history type. Vascular adaptations are important for delivering an efficient and stable water supply to evergreen chaparral shrub leaves. This study tested for a link between vascular physiology and life history type in chaparral shrubs. 2. Chaparral shrub species along the south-western coast of North America survive wildfire by three different life histories. Non-sprouters are killed by fire and re-establish exclusively through germination of fire-stimulated seeds, facultative sprouters re-establish by a combination of vegetative sprouting and fire-stimulated seeds, and obligate sprouters re-establish exclusively by vegetative sprouting because their seeds do not survive fire. Non-sprouters and facultative sprouters establish seedlings in the open canopy post fire environment, whereas obligate sprouters establish seedlings in the shady understory of the mature chaparral canopy. 3. Seedlings of nine species (Rhamnaceae) representing three each of the different life history types were grown in deep containers in a common garden under treatments of sun and shade. Hydraulic conductance was measured using a high-pressure flow meter for all organs, and a vacuum technique was used to measure conductance of fine and woody roots. We predicted that non-sprouters would exhibit greater hydraulic efficiency than the sprouting species, and that facultative sprouters would be more efficient than the shade tolerant obligate sprouters. 4. Non-sprouters had the greatest hydraulic conductance per unit leaf and sapwood area at the whole seedling level, whereas facultative and obligate sprouters were not different. Comparing hydraulic conductance across major organs (from fine roots to leaves) showed that the hydraulic system was well coordinated. At the whole seedling level, the root system was more of a bottleneck than the shoot system. This pattern was consistent with high resistance extraxylary pathways in roots and differences in root architecture. 5. The greater hydraulic efficiency of the non-sprouter life history type is attributed to its post-fire pioneering habit and may partially explain the relatively high speciation in the nonsprouters. Lower hydraulic efficiency is associated with a sprouting life history and greater shade tolerance. The seedling root systems represent a hydraulic bottleneck that may place roots under especially intense selection.
Warming up, cooling out, or holding steady? Persistence and change in educational expectations after high school

This article examines the expectation to complete a bachelor's degree among a predominantly low-income, mainly African American, panel of Baltimore youths at the end of high school, at age 22, and at age 28. Across this time, stability is the modal pattern, but when expectations change, declines are more frequent than increases. Although disadvantaged youths and those with limited academic resources from high school are the most prone to give up the expectation to complete college, both factors recede in importance during the transition to adulthood when postsecondary enrollment becomes more salient. Clark's “cooling-out” thesis and Rosenbaum,s “college-for-all” thesis predict a downward leveling of ambition, especially among youths with high expectations and limited resources and those who attend two-year colleges. The results indicate, however, that the expectations of low-resource youths are not distinctively cooled out by the college experience, and, net of other considerations, two-year college atten...
Soil potassium deficiency affects soybean phloem nitrogen and soybean aphid populations.

The soybean aphid is an invasive pest in the midwest United States, with frequent population outbreaks. Previous work has shown that aphid population densities are higher on potassium-deficient soybean than on healthy soybean. The experiments reported here test the hypotheses that the potassium nutrition of the host plant affects the forms of phloem nitrogen available to soybean aphids, and subsequently, their abundance. In field surveys and an exclusion cage study when aphid populations were high, soybean plants with potassium deficiency symptoms had a higher density of soybean aphids than plants without deficiency symptoms. In clip cage experiments, this effect was caused by earlier aphid reproduction and higher numbers of aphid nymphs per mother on plants growing in lower-potassium soil. In phloem exudation samples, the percentage of asparagine, an important amino acid for aphid nutrition, increased with decreasing soil potassium, perhaps because of potassium’s role in the nitrogen use of the plant. Taken together, these results show that soybean potassium deficiency can lead to higher populations of soybean aphid through a bottom-up effect. A possible mechanism for this relationship is that soybean potassium deficiency improves the nitrogen nutrition of these N-limited insects. By releasing these herbivores from N limitation, host plant potassium deficiency may allow soybean aphid populations to reach higher levels more rapidly in the field.
On Time-dependent X-Ray Reflection by Photoionized Accretion Disks: Implications for Fe Kα Line Reverberation Studies of Active Galactic Nuclei

We perform the first study of time-dependent X-ray reflection in photoionized accretion disks. We assume a step-functional change in the X-ray flux and use a simplified prescription to describe the time evolution of the illuminated gas density profile in response to changes in the flux. We find that the dynamical time for readjustment of the hydrostatic balance is an important relaxation timescale of the problem since it affects the evolution of the ionization state of the reflector. If the variations of the X-ray flux occur on timescales shorter than this time, then the Fe Kα line emissivity is not a function of the instantaneous illuminating spectrum since it depends on the shape and intensity of the illuminating flux in prior times. Moreover, during the transition, a prominent Helium-like component of the Fe Kα line may appear. As a result, the Fe Kα line flux may appear to be completely uncorrelated with X-ray continuum flux on timescales shorter than the dynamical time. In addition, the time dependence of the illuminating flux may leave imprints even on the time-averaged Fe Kα line spectra, which may be used as an additional test of accretion disk geometry. Our findings appear to be important for the proposed Fe Kα line reverberation studies in lamppost-like geometries for accretion rates exceeding about ~1% of the Eddington value. However, most active galactic nuclei do not show Helium-like lines that are prominent in such models, probably indicating that these models are not applicable to real sources.
Heart rate response and parasympathetic modulation during recovery from exercise in boys and men.

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of postexercise parasympathetic modulation, measured by heart rate variability (HRV), on heart rate recovery (HRR) in boys (n = 13, 10.1 ± 0.8...
Abstract 1256: Profiling protein-coding RNA and thousands of large non-coding RNAs from nanogram amounts of total RNA using a single microarray design

Large intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of diverse cellular processes, yet determining the function of individual lincRNAs remains challenging. Recently, more than 8,000 human lincRNAs were annotated and cataloged from more than 4 billion RNA-Seq reads across 24 tissues and cell types by scientists at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Data from this project indicates that lincRNA expression is highly tissue-specific as compared to protein coding gene expression. As researchers continue to investigate the function of lincRNAs, there is a need for tools that can rapidly and accurately measure the expression of the recently annotated lincRNAs along with mRNA expression. We have previously developed and recently updated the content of the human SurePrint G3 microarrays so that they are comprised of all known protein-coding mRNAs and lincRNAs, to enable systematic profiling and simultaneous detection of coding and non-coding gene expression from a single sample. To demonstrate the utility of the new microarray design we used low nanogram amounts RNA from matched tumor and adjacent normal tissues to produce cyanine-labeled cRNA. The labeled cRNA was applied to the microarrays to detect differences in coding and non-coding gene expression profiles. Using the GeneSpring GX software we are able to identify differentially expressed lincRNAs and protein-coding RNAs in the tumor and normal samples in less than two days. Comparisons of probe signals from technical replicate samples demonstrated high reproducibility with wide dynamic ranges and high sensitivity. Data from the microarrays correlates well with whole transcriptome sequencing of the same matched tumor/normal samples. Using this approach we show that lincRNA expression coincides with key genes known to regulate biological processes involved in cancer progression and this work demonstrates how profiling mRNA and lincRNA from matched tumor and adjacent normal samples can enable researchers to further define the role of lincRNAs in gene regulation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1256. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1256
Comparison of Seismic Diffraction Imaging Techniques: Plane Wave Destruction Versus Apex Destruction

Seismic diffraction imaging provides a method for identifying subsurface scattering features with improved resolution relative to conventional seismic reflection imaging. Successfully separating signals corresponding to diffraction events from reflection events is an essential component of diffraction imaging. Different techniques for separation exist, including plane wave destruction (PWD) and apex destruction in the migrated dip-angle domain (AD). We analyze separating diffractions from reflection events using a simple toy model and a field data set from the Piceance Basin, and evaluate the ability of each method to resolve scattering features. Results indicate that the PWD method leads to an image that preserves more diffraction energy and has fewer migration artifacts, but might be unable to eliminate reflection events whose slope is not continuously variable.
Examining the Interactions of the Splicing Factor MBNL1 with Target RNA Sequences via a Label-Free, Multiplex Method

The near-ubiquity of the involvement of RNA in crucial biological processes is accepted. It is important, therefore, to study and understand the biophysical principles that regulate the function of RNA and its interactions with other molecules (e.g., proteins and antibiotics). Methods enabling the high-throughput determination of RNA–protein binding kinetics and thermodynamics would greatly accelerate understanding of these interactions. To that end, we describe the development of a real-time biomolecular interaction analysis platform based on arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR) for multiplex analysis of RNA–protein interactions. We demonstrate the use of aqueous AIR by measuring the binding kinetics between muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1), a splicing regulator protein that plays a pivotal role in the Myotonic Dystrophies and Huntington’s Disease, and several of its RNA targets simultaneously on a microarrayed chip. Using this approach, we observe that the kinetics of MBNL1 binding isolated CUG and repeat CUG ...
Spectroscopic Emission Thermometry of the Microwave Arcjet Chamber Oxygen Plasma

The objective of this investigation was to model and experimentally measure the temperature dependent emission spectrum from the microwave arcjet chamber plasma, with oxygen as the propellant. The aluminum cylindrical thruster used for this investigation is sized as a resonant cavity for 2.45 GHz input energy. Converging copper alloy nozzle inserts are used to accelerate the plasma flow. A spectroscopic system consisting of a collimating collection probe mounted on mechanical traverses, fiber optic cable, collimating and focusing lenses, and a Czerney-Turner type spectrometer is used. A Schumann-Runge theoretical spectral model developed assumes an anharmonically vibrating, non-rigid rotating diatomic molecule. For data analysis, the output of the model as a function of temperature from 3,500 to 3,800 Angstroms is tabulated in 25 K increments. The ratios of several strong peaks are compared with experimental data to determine the rotational temperature. Results show a chamber temperature near 2,000 K. The temperature increases slightly with increasing chamber pressure and specific power. The temperature does not appear to vary greatly with spatial location in the plasma. Temperatures near 5,500 K have been measured for microwave arcjet chamber nitrogen plasmas. These higher temperatures may be possible because of greater dissociation energy loss and greater nonequilibrium in oxygen.
Approximate Method for Computing Laminar and Turbulent Convective Heating on Hypersonic Vehicles Using Unstructured Grids

*† ‡ The ability to predict surface heating rates as well as shear and pressure forces is fundamental to the analysis and design of the thermal protection system (TPS) of hypersonic vehicles. Approximate engineering codes that can be used to rapidly predict heating rates are extremely useful in the preliminary or conceptual design phase, while more detailed and expensive Navier-Stokes codes are generally used to provide more accurate heating rate predictions for final design. One code, called LATCH, has been used successfully in conjunction with inviscid flowfield codes computed on single block structured grids. More recent inviscid codes have been developed that use unstructured grids, which greatly reduce grid generation time for complex configurations. A heating code, called UNLATCH2, had been used successfully with unstructured inviscid flowfield codes to compute laminar heating on general three-dimensional vehicles using unstructured grids and the heating rates over most of the vehicle have been shown to compare favorably with results from both boundarylayer and Navier-Stokes calculations. However, some anomalies were encountered in the stagnation region. This paper describes an improved version of the approximate heating code, UNLATCH3, which provides much better heating results in the stagnation region. In addition the new code includes the capability to calculate both laminar and turbulent heating rates for either perfect gas or equilibrium air chemistry with radiation equilibrium wall boundary conditions and an approximate expression has been added to account for the effect of velocity gradient on laminar heating. A new improved axisymmetric analog method is developed to calculate inviscid surface streamlines and metric coefficients based on unstructured grids. Results are calculated and compared with both boundary-layer and Navier-Stokes solutions for a range of typical hypersonic vehicles. The new code is directed toward the development of more efficient and accurate approximate engineering methods for predicting heating on hypersonic vehicles and to better understand how these methods can be integrated with more detailed Navier-Stokes results to improve the overall vehicle/TPS design process.
Audiovisual Facial Action Unit Recognition using Feature Level Fusion

Recognizing facial actions is challenging, especially when they are accompanied with speech. Instead of employing information solely from the visual channel, this work aims to exploit information from both visual and audio channels in recognizing speech-related facial action units AUs. In this work, two feature-level fusion methods are proposed. The first method is based on a kind of human-crafted visual feature. The other method utilizes visual features learned by a deep convolutional neural network CNN. For both methods, features are independently extracted from visual and audio channels and aligned to handle the difference in time scales and the time shift between the two signals. These temporally aligned features are integrated via feature-level fusion for AU recognition. Experimental results on a new audiovisual AU-coded dataset have demonstrated that both fusion methods outperform their visual counterparts in recognizing speech-related AUs. The improvement is more impressive with occlusions on the facial images, which would not affect the audio channel.
RELIGION, HEALTH AND HEALING: FINDINGS FROM A SOUTHERN CITY

During the last decade the traditional Christian practice offaith healing has reemerged in a number of mainline denominations. Most of the recent social science investigation of faith healing has been qualitative in nature. The present study explored faith healing practices in the context of a larger survey research project on education and health care. A sample of 586 adult respondents in the Richmond, VA SMSA were asked about their use of prayer in dealing with physical illness. The single most striking finding was that 14 percent of the respondents reported having experienced a healing which they attributed to prayer or regarded as a divine healing. Reported instances offaith healing probably would have been higher had the item wording encouraged reporting of multiple incidents and of non-physical healings. Multivariate analysis suggests thatfaith healing is not concentrated among deprived populations but rather is widely diffused through a broad range of churches and segments of the general population. The history of the relationship between religion and health is nearly as long as the history of humankind. Indeed, faith healing, divine healing, or healing in answer to prayer, has been an element of many religious traditions. Within Christianity, belief in and practice of faith healing (used here in a generic sense rather than in reference to the "faith healing movement") has been present in every period of church history since the ministry of Jesus, although its acceptance and popularity have varied in different historical eras. Earlier in the twentieth century faith healing assumed a truly multi-denominational character but then declined in the years following World War I. For over a quarter of a century the Pentecostals and a few small sects and independent churches were the primary practitioners of faith healing in the United States. In the decades following World War II, however, there was a resurgence in the practice of faith healing. "Healing revivals" became popular in the 1950's and routinely attracted crowds of several thousand in the major cities. Established denominations began exploring the resurgence of faith healing and drafting position
The benefits of resistance training in breast cancer survivors: a focus on maintaining bone density

ABSTRACTWhile prognosis for breast cancer has improved, breast cancer survivors (BCS) contend with numerous side effects from cancer treatment. One side effect is an accelerated loss of bone mineral density (BMD) of 2-8% during treatment. While pharmacological treatments may be effective in combatting BMD loss, these medications may cause unwanted side effects. Resistance training may serve as an effective alternative to pharmacological treatments to help preserve BMD. The current literature shows that resistance training has been successful in maintaining BMD among BCS compared to non-exercising controls both during and after cancer treatments. While this non-pharmacological method may be helpful in attenuating BMD losses, there is no evidence supporting resistance training as a sufficient method for increasing BMD in BCS. Therefore, more research is needed to determine if resistance training alone or combined with higher impact exercises (plyometrics, hopping, jumping) has the potential to elicit BMD im...
How and Why the Understanding of Developmental Continuity and Discontinuity is Important

No story is a straight line. The geometry of human life is too imperfect and too complex, too distorted by the laughter of time and the bewildering intricacies of fate to admit the straight line into its system of laws. (Pat Conroy, 1995, p. 104)
Locally Conservative B-spline Finite Element Methods for Two-point Boundary Value Problems

Abstract The standard nodal Lagrangian based continuous Galerkin finite element method (FEM) and control volume finite element method (CVFEM) are well known techniques for solving partial differential equations. Both of these methods have a common shortcoming in that the first derivative of the approximate solution of both methods is discontinuous. Further shortcomings of nodal Lagrangian bases arise when considering time dependent problems. For instance, increasing the degree of the basis in an effort to improve the accuracy of the approximate solution prohibits the use of common techniques such as mass matrix lumping. We introduce a μth degree clamped basis-spline (B-spline) based analog of both the control volume finite element method and the continuous Galerkin finite element method in conjunction with a post processing technique which shall impose local conservation. The advantage of these techniques is that the B-spline basis is not only non-negative for any order μ, and thus lends itself to mass matrix lumping for higher order basis functions, but also, for μ > 2, each basis function is smooth on the domain. We implement both the B-spline based CVFEM and FEM techniques as well as the post processing technique as they pertain to solving various two-point boundary value problems. A comparison of the convergence rates and properties of the error associated with satisfying local conservation is presented.
Branched Chain RNA In Situ Hybridization for Androgen Receptor Splice Variant AR-V7 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer

Purpose: The androgen receptor (AR) mRNA splice variant AR-V7 has emerged as a predictive biomarker for response to AR-targeted therapies. There are currently no commercially available assays to detect AR splice variants. The branched chain RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) platform enables the highly sensitive detection of RNA transcripts in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. Experimental design: We designed a branched chain RNA ISH probe to target the unique cryptic exon CE3 of AR-V7 using multiple tiling probes. This automated ISH assay was applied to tumor tissue from two distinct clinical cohorts that we hypothesized would differ in AR-V7 status. Results: We detected AR-V7 in all tumor samples from men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with tissue obtained after disease progression despite at least one subsequent line of hormonal therapy (abiraterone, enzalutamide, or bicalutamide; n = 12). We detected AR-V7 in just one tumor from men who had undergone prostatectomy for localized adenocarcinoma (n = 30; Gleason 4 + 5 = 9 in the AR-V7–positive sample). Given the apparent distinction between the above groups by AR-V7 signal, we analyzed pretreatment AR-V7 status as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in men with treatment-naive metastatic disease. Patients with metastases but without detectable AR-V7 RNA at baseline had significantly longer overall survival (log-rank P = 0.044) and a trend toward superior progression-free survival (log-rank P = 0.055). Conclusions: Within an institutional cohort, the RNA ISH assay identified AR-V7 within FFPE tissue and may have prognostic value in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. These preliminary findings warrant further study in larger cohorts. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 363–9. ©2016 AACR.
Safety and cost-effectiveness of port removal outside of the operating room among pediatric patients.

Abstract Purpose The current emphasis on fiscally responsible health spending in the era of the Affordable Care Act and other health care reform necessitates cost-conscious delivery of care. "Value" in health care is defined as the quality of care divided by the cost. As such, health systems optimize value by providing the most cost-effective care possible without sacrificing safety or outcomes. Elective, minimal risk surgical procedures in children may be value-enhanced by moving from an operating room (OR) to a more cost-efficient setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the safety and cost of performing the removal of implantable central venous access devices ("ports") in locations other than the main OR. Methods We compared port removal at three sites: 1. Main OR, 2. Satellite OR, and 3. Clinic Procedure Room. This was a mixed-methods study including a retrospective review of medical records and prospective observation/interviewing. To calculate cost without the inherent biases of hospital charges, costs, and payments, we utilized the methodology of time-driven activity based costing. Specifically, we recorded time spent by the patient in hospital facilities and with health care personnel. This duration was then weighted with the hourly cost of each health care professional and hospital space. The Mann–Whitney U test compared time and cost across the three sites. Overall cost at each site was divided by overall cost at the referent site (Main OR) to obtain a ratio of cost savings. Results A total of 120 patients (40 per site) were included in the analysis. Demographic and clinical factors were not significantly different between sites. No complication occurred with port removal at any site. Time of the entire care episode was significantly decreased in the Clinic (median 161min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 134–188min), compared to the Main OR (median 235min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 209–251min) or Satellite OR (median 228min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 211–245min). Overall cost was decreased by 25% (95% CI: 13–34%) at the Clinic and by 6% (95% CI: −2–11%) at the Satellite OR, compared to the Main OR (referent, P Conclusion In our study, port removal in the Clinic Procedure Room was not associated with increased risk of negative outcomes. Shifting port removal from the Main OR to the Clinic may result in substantial cost savings.
Teacher Perspectives on the Practice of Continuity of Care.

ABSTRACTThis study aims to address gaps in the literature on continuity of care through focus group interviews with teachers at public early care and education programs in San Diego County, California, USA. To better understand various perspectives on continuity of care, focus groups were conducted at programs that currently practice continuity of care, as well as programs that do not. A total of 28 teachers from four centers (two continuity of care and two noncontinuity of care) participated in the study. Teachers were asked about their beliefs about the practice of continuity of care, their perceived benefits of and barriers to the practice, and alternative strategies for transitioning children across classrooms (if continuity was not practiced). Findings indicate that teachers from continuity and noncontinuity centers overwhelmingly believed that practicing continuity of care is beneficial to children, families, and teachers. Teachers from both groups described barriers to implementing continuity of ca...
3q29 Recurrent Deletion

Clinical characteristics 3q29 recurrent deletion is characterized by global developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, and commonly, speech delay, and increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders (including autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorder, psychosis, and/or schizophrenia). Other common findings are failure to thrive and feeding problems in infancy that persist into childhood, heart defects (especially patent ductus arteriosus), gastrointestinal disorders (including gastroesophageal reflux disease), and dental abnormalities. To date findings in fewer than 50 affected individuals have been reported. Diagnosis/testing The diagnosis of the 3q29 recurrent deletion is established by detection of the 1.6-Mb heterozygous deletion by chromosomal microarray at the approximate position of chr3:195998129-197623129 in the reference genome (NCBI Build 38). Management Treatment of manifestations: Early speech and language therapy to address speech delays; physical therapy as needed to address fine and gross motor delays; individualized education program (IEP) for school-age children; care by a child psychiatrist/psychologist as needed for neuropsychiatric disorders; feeding therapy and consideration of gastrostomy tube as needed; routine management of dental caries, congenital heart defects, recurrent ear infections. Surveillance: Continued assessment of feeding and nutrition, developmental milestones, cognitive development, and possible neuropsychiatric manifestations. Evaluation of relatives at risk: Parents and older and younger sibs of a proband should be tested for the 3q29 recurrent deletion to encourage close assessment/monitoring of developmental milestones (in children) and monitoring for neuropsychiatric manifestations (in children and adults). Genetic counseling The 3q29 recurrent deletion is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although most deletions are de novo, inherited deletions have been reported. If the 3q29 recurrent deletion identified in the proband is not identified in one of the parents, the risk to sibs is low (
Antibacterial and Drug Elution Performance of Thermoplastic Blends

Food preservatives or drug compounds can be eluted from polymer substrates to prevent the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections and food spoilage. We investigated the antimicrobial and drug-elution properties of the albumin and zein thermoplastic blends plasticized with glycerol and mixed with varying amounts of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), food preservatives (sodium benzoate or sodium nitrite), and drugs (ampicillin or ciprofloxacin). Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were utilized as Gram (+) and Gram (−) species, respectively, for antimicrobial and drug-elution analyses, since these species are common in the human body and in food environments. The amount of contamination occurring in food and medical applications could be limited with usage of plastic blends made from thermomechanical molding of proteins (albumin from hen egg white and zein from corn), drug eluting compounds, and low-density polyethylene.
Wishful Thinking in Specialized Journalism

This paper examines how the specialized journalism of two popular entertainment media trade publications, The Hollywood Reporter and Variety, constructed female “audiences” from 2006 to 2015. The study seeks to capture how the two trades adapted their discourse about female media consumers during a decade of flux in which media technologies, consumption habits, and audience participation altered considerably. This case study integrates elements of feminist media analysis and critical audience studies in a discourse analysis of 318 articles that discuss women as consumers of television or film. The study finds that entertainment media trade publication discourse on female audiences in the digital era emphasizes summary audience measurements and broad demographic targets, with occasional assertions about interpretive activities. The rather simplistic construction of audiences generally conceals the ways in which digital and social media have altered how viewers access, comment on, and circulate mainstream e...