cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Services in Army Primary Care: The Need for a Collaborative Health Care Agenda

Epidemiologic studies have shown that more than half of mentally ill patients in the United States receive their psychiatric care exclusively in primary care settings. This fraction may be even higher in the military due to concern over possible occupational repercussions resulting from use of specialty psychiatric care and specialist shortages. Collaboration between generalists and mental health care specialists could potentially improve mental health care delivery and reduce psychiatric disability for a large segment of the Army population who have a psychiatric disorder but may not seek specialty care. Collaborative efforts can reinforce military generalists' essential gate-keeping function, thereby decreasing unnecessary medical utilization and health care costs. The authors review the problems associated with mental health care delivery in primary care and provide examples of collaborative models previously studied or currently being explored. A four-part Army Primary Care-Mental Health Services Agenda is proposed, consisting of: (1) coordinated research including primary care-mental health services research and community-based epidemiologic studies; (2) formation of a primary care-mental health services advisory committee for aiding with policy and program development; (3) graduate and continuing medical education in primary care-mental health services emphasizing interdisciplinary collaborative skills; and (4) clinical implementation of feasible collaborative interdisciplinary mental health care models adapted to the range of unique Army primary care settings. The main goal of the Army Primary Care-Mental Health Services Agenda is to improve access to Army mental health care in the most efficacious and cost-effective way and to help minimize the organizational impact of disability related to psychosocial distress.
Preschoolers' distress and regulatory behaviors vary as a function of infant-mother attachment security.

Children (N = 98) with higher attachment security scores, and lower resistance and avoidance scores during the Strange Situation at 16 months demonstrated somewhat more adaptive observed and mother-reported emotion regulation as preschoolers independent of maternal behavior.
NEW FIR LASER LINES AND FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS FOR OPTICALLY PUMPED CD3OH

Twenty new cw FIR laser lines in CD3OH, optically pumped by a CO2 laser, are reported. The frequencies of 39 of the stronger laser lines were measured relative to stabilized CO2 lasers with a fractional uncertainty, as determined by the reproducibility of the FIR frequency itself, of 2 parts in 107.
An instrument for measuring thermal inertia in the field

Features and test results of a thermal inertial meter (TIM) for cataloging the thermal inertial of surface material in situ as a basis for satellite remote sensing of geologic materials are described. The instrument is employed to determine the temperature rise of the materials in the field, with the assumptions that the sample and a standard are homogeneous in composition, the heat flux density is constant at the surface of each material, and the specimens are thick enough to be treated as semi-infinite bodies. A formula for calculating thermal inertia is presented, and the components of the TIM are detailed. A box with three compartments, two holding standards, is placed on the sample surface with the third compartment open to the specimen. Dolomite and quartz are used as references when all samples are measured after heating. Tests with rocks and sand in Nevada and California revealed that chert has a higher thermal inertia than barite.
Rigorous constraints on the matrix elements of the energy-momentum tensor

Abstract The structure of the matrix elements of the energy–momentum tensor play an important role in determining the properties of the form factors A ( q 2 ) , B ( q 2 ) and C ( q 2 ) which appear in the Lorentz covariant decomposition of the matrix elements. In this paper we apply a rigorous frame-independent distributional-matching approach to the matrix elements of the Poincare generators in order to derive constraints on these form factors as q → 0 . In contrast to the literature, we explicitly demonstrate that the vanishing of the anomalous gravitomagnetic moment B ( 0 ) and the condition A ( 0 ) = 1 are independent of one another, and that these constraints are not related to the specific properties or conservation of the individual Poincare generators themselves, but are in fact a consequence of the physical on-shell requirement of the states in the matrix elements and the manner in which these states transform under Poincare transformations.
Management of Vancouver Type-B2 and B3 Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures: Restoring Femoral Length via Preoperative Planning and Surgical Execution Using a Cementless, Tapered, Fluted Stem.

Overview Introduction Periprosthetic femoral fractures, which are likely to increase as the population ages and total hip arthroplasty becomes more prevalent 1 , can be effectively managed by restoring femoral length via preoperative planning and surgical execution using a cementless, tapered, fluted stem. Indications & Contraindications Step 1: Preoperative Plan Template the contralateral, uninjured side. Step 2: Template the Fractured Side Identify the ideal COR on the injured side and template the femoral stem. Step 3: Establish Depth of Reaming Use stem templates to establish a reference point on the reamer for use intraoperatively, and identify the distance from that point to an identifiable distal landmark. Results We report on 14 (12 Vancouver type-B2 and 2 Vancouver type-B3) periprosthetic femoral fractures treated with the described method 15 . Pitfalls & Challenges
Rodent Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV) changes during hypercapnia observed using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) detection.

Abstract Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a rapidly developing imaging modality that directly measures and maps the concentration of injected superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs). Since the agent does not cross the blood-brain barrier, cerebral SPIO concentration provides a direct probe of Cerebral Blood Volume (CBV). Here we provide an initial demonstration of the ability of MPI to detect functional CBV changes (fCBV) by monitoring SPIO concentration during hypercapnic manipulation in a rat model. As a tracer detection method, MPI offers a more direct probe of agent concentration and therefore fCBV than MRI measurements in which the agent is indirectly detected through perturbation of water relaxation time constants such as T2∗. We found that MPI detection could measure CBV changes during hypercapnia with high CNR (CNR = 50) and potentially with high temporal resolution. Although the detection process more closely resembles a tracer method, we also identify evidence of physiological noise in the MPI time-series, with higher time-series variance at higher concentration levels. Our findings suggest that CBV-based MPI can provide a detection modality for hemodynamic changes. Further investigation with tomographic imaging is needed to assess tomographic ability of the method and further study the presence of time-series fluctuations which scale with signal level similar to physiological noise in resting fMRI time-courses.
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Nudges (Book Review of THE ETHICS OF INFLUENCE: GOVERNMENT IN THE AGE OF BEHAVIORALSCIENCE. By Cass R. Sunstein. New York, New York: CambridgeUniversity Press, 2016)

“Nudges” have become an increasingly common public-policy tool that governments use to improve the lives of their citizens. Interventions that change behavior for the better, while imposing modest costs and preserving freedom, take advantage of a deep understanding of human judgment and choice. These potent and subtle interventions raise novel ethical concerns about the role of government in everyday life. In his book, The Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Science, Cass Sunstein launches a thorough defense of the ethics of nudges. Not only are nudges inevitable, he argues, but they also pose less serious ethical objections than penalties and mandates, and draw popular support in public-opinion surveys. Nudges commonly improve welfare more effectively than educational programs and evidence that they infantilize decision makers is sparse. And yet the prospect of a society filled with small interventions to improve our lives can seem unsettling. Nudges that tackle serious life choices or interfere broadly in the marketplace also represent a disturbing level of governmental control, even if they could be shown to be successful. So long as nudges remain confined to modest improvements in the delivery of governmental services, however, Sunstein’s defense clearly succeeds.
Research Ethics and HCI

The expansion of human–computer interaction (HCI) to every aspect of human activity creates new challenges to the core ethical mandates of doing no harm, maintaining respect for people who participate in our studies, and weighing the costs and benefits of research, making sure that they are distributed fairly over the population. Online research adds further complications. This chapter reviews the ethical challenges and helps researchers prepare their cases for the Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval.
Bringing Genetics and Genomics to Crop Simulations: Experiences with Wheat, Sorghum and Common Bean in Solving the GEM-to-P Problem

Genetics and genomics offer avenues to reduce model uncertainty by improving descriptions of cultivar differences and of individual plant processes. Ultimately, this should greatly enhance our ability to integrate data on genotypes (G), environment (E) and management (M) in order to quantitatively predict phenotypes (P), which can be termed the GEM-to-P problem. This paper reviews use of genetics and genomics with emphasis on wheat (Triticum aestivum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Cultivar specific parameters, such as for photoperiod sensitivity or grain size, are often problematic because their values are determined empirically from field studies and because the assumed physiology is inaccurate. Genotypic data should be more reliable than phenotypic data, since environmental effects are minimized. Using the Cropping System Model (CSM) for bread wheat, sorghum and common bean, coefficients were estimated through linear functions of gene effects. For all three crops, simulations using gene-based coefficients were similar to those from conventional coefficients. The main constraint to wider use of this approach is the limited number of loci that have been characterized for readily modeled traits. However, emerging genomic tools allow rapid, robust characterization of genes such as the Vrn and Ppd series in wheat, and data limitations are diminishing. Genomics can also improve how processes are modeled. Examples include determining the end of the juvenile phase, characterizing interactive effects of temperature on photoperiod sensitivity, improving how tiller development is modeled, and estimating carbon costs of low-lignin traits for bioenergy crops. Realizing the potential of crop genetics and genomics, however, will not happen spontaneously. Modelers must broaden their understanding of genomics and related fields, while developing effective collaborations with the plant biology community.
Evidence Rule 502: The Solution to the Privilege-Protection Puzzle in the Digital Era

The inadvertent production of privileged or work-product protected documents1 is a genuine risk in litigation today because of the magnitude of electronically stored information (ESI) and the electronic transmission habits of individuals who send and receive privileged communications.2 In the digital era, it is too easy to replicate electronic documents. Even the most well-intended individual might propagate email unthinkingly, creating nightmares for parties trying to extract at a reasonable cost all privileged documents from an electronic production. Lawyers are, or should be, genuinely concerned about how to solve this privilege-protection puzzle. Rule 1.6 of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct obliges lawyers to protect the privileged information of their clients.3 Model Rule 1.6(c), which went into effect in August 2012, adds a specific requirement that “[a] lawyer shall make reasonable efforts to
Catalytic abiotic synthesis of uracil from cysteine and urea: Theoretical studies

Abstract An abiotic synthesis of nucleobases from amino acids is of critical importance as it sheds a light on potential pre-life chemical reactions. However, information about reaction pathway is often not available directly from laboratory experiments. In contrary, computational simulations allow to learn chemical transformations directly. In the present study, we investigated one of promising routes of uracil synthesis from cysteine, using density functional theory at the M06-2X/6-311G(d,p) level. We suggested that the solvent (urea) facilitates the reaction acting as self-catalyst. Proposed reaction pathway involves seven reactions with the highest activation energy barrier equal to 42.8 kcal/mol.
Crystal structures of 4-{(E)-3-[(imino-λ5-aza-nyl-idene)amino]-prop-1-en-yl}-N,N-di-methyl-imidazole-1-sulfonamide and 2-[(imino-λ5-aza-nyl-idene)amino]-4-{(E)-3-[(imino-λ5-aza-nyl-idene)amino]-prop-1-en-yl}-N,N-di-methyl-imidazole-1-sulfonamide.

The structures of two azide containing imidazole derivatives are reported. Allylic azides are fairly reactive making them attractive starting compounds to convert into amides. The first, C8H12N6O2S, contains one azide group with an Nα—Nβ distance of 1.229 (2) A and an Nβ—Nγ distance of 1.128 (2) A. The second, C8H11N9O2S, contains two azide groups with an average Nα—Nβ distance of 1.249 (2) A and an average Nβ—Nγ distance of 1.132 (2) A. Each compound contains a bulky protecting group (di­methyl­amino­sulfon­yl) which can be easily removed under mildly acidic conditions.
Higher invariants in noncommutative geometry

We give a survey on higher invariants in noncommutative geometry and their applications to differential geometry and topology.
Some Considerations on Design and Analysis Plan on a Nonrandomized Comparative Study Using Propensity Score Methodology for Medical Device Premarket Evaluation

Nonrandomized comparative studies have been widely proposed and conducted in the premarket safety and effectiveness evaluation of medical devices. A typical case is to compare results of a clinical...
Reliable p-Hub Network Design under Multiple Disruptions

The design of optimal hub-and-spoke networks has been the objective of many research studies. More recently, several studies in this area have been concerned with incorporating failures of network entities (e.g., hubs and/or links) as a source of uncertainty in the formulation and solution of reliable hub networks. This study is focused on modeling and developing a solution approach for the multi-allocation reliable p-hub network design problem where more than one hub may be disrupted simultaneously. The objective is to minimize the expected cost of the network under all possible failure scenarios. A mathematical formulation is presented to select hubs and determine primary and backup connections for each origin-destination (O-D) node pair. An algorithm is suggested to generate primary and backup connections for an O-D pair for a given set of hubs. The hub selection model is then solved using a search algorithm. The computational results show that near optimal solutions for non-trivial problem size instances are obtained in a reasonable amount of time.
Is Academic Medicine a Financially Viable Career? Exploring Financial Considerations and Resources

Introduction As a result of the common belief that professionals in academic medicine make less money than their private practice counterparts, as well as the rising cost of medical school and subs...
Lipoprotein Lipase Regulates Microglial Lipid Droplet Accumulation

Microglia become increasingly dysfunctional with aging and contribute to the onset of neurodegenerative disease (NDs) through defective phagocytosis, attenuated cholesterol efflux, and excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dysfunctional microglia also accumulate lipid droplets (LDs); however, the mechanism underlying increased LD load is unknown. We have previously shown that microglia lacking lipoprotein lipase (LPL KD) are polarized to a pro-inflammatory state and have impaired lipid uptake and reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Here, we also show that LPL KD microglia show excessive accumulation of LD-like structures. Moreover, LPL KD microglia display a pro-inflammatory lipidomic profile, increased cholesterol ester (CE) content, and reduced cholesterol efflux at baseline. We also show reduced expression of genes within the canonical cholesterol efflux pathway. Importantly, PPAR agonists (rosiglitazone and bezafibrate) rescued the LD-associated phenotype in LPL KD microglia. These data suggest that microglial-LPL is associated with lipid uptake, which may drive PPAR signaling and cholesterol efflux to prevent inflammatory lipid distribution and LD accumulation. Moreover, PPAR agonists can reverse LD accumulation, and therefore may be beneficial in aging and in the treatment of NDs.
Nurse Practitioner Student Perceptions of a Multimodal Telemedicine Clinical Course.

BACKGROUND Telemedicine facilitates access to care that is both efficacious and highly satisfactory to patients. As primary health care providers, nurse practitioners (NPs) need to be educated to deliver health care within various settings. With the rapid expansion of telemedicine, NP educational authorities have charged educators to address essential telemedicine-based competencies. PURPOSE Innovative approaches to integrating telemedicine competencies into NP curricula have yet to be established in nursing education. METHODS Multifocal curricular changes were integrated into an NP clinical course. Students engaged in self-directed learning modules and multiple simulation training sessions and rotated through telemedicine clinical practicums. RESULTS Experiences were perceived as realistic and complementary, learning meaningful, and applicability broad and far-reaching. Telemedicine-focused simulation training sessions were viewed as highly satisfactory, and students were confident in simulation-derived learning. CONCLUSIONS Nursing educators should integrate multimodal telemedicine experiences into curricula, addressing multiple learning phases through experientially designed simulation trainings.
Context-specific multilingual instruction: evolution of an instructional design

Target language instruction in multilingual settings cannot ignore the linguistic diversity of both the learners and the society. Rather than ignoring the individual and societal multilingualism, leveraging them as resources in learning the target language can be beneficial. Developing such multilingual instruction is an organic, iterative process that has to be planned and executed through a close collaboration of local stakeholders. In this paper, I trace the evolution of a multilingual instructional sequence that was designed by a practitioner-researcher collaborative team in an Indian German-as-foreign-language institute. The team first studied multilingual projects in other foreign language learning contexts and, with the help of these, identified a set of core components that formed part of the multilingual instruction on-site. Then, an instructional sequence focused on teaching chosen target grammatical aspects was designed and implemented iteratively in an adult, beginner level course. Every iteration was assessed from three vantage points – teachers' perspectives, feedback from learners and learners' language performance. Teachers' perspectives were gathered during weekly meetings and journal entries. Learners' feedback was from weekly reflection journals. Learners' language performance of the target grammatical aspects was assessed through obligatory occasion analysis of form-focused and meaning-focused tasks. At the end of each iteration, feedback from these three sources was triangulated to inform the redesign of the instructional sequence. The process of how the sequence evolved over three iterations through this feedback loop is elaborated here. This process can serve as a blueprint for other researchers and practitioners who wish to develop context-specific multilingual instruction.
Market Exchange Rates Or Purchasing Power Parity: Does The Choice Make A Difference To The Climate Debate?

Critics of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Special Report on Emission Scenarios claim that the use of market exchange rates (MER) rather than purchasing power parity (PPP) to measure gross domestic product (GDP) has led to a significant upward bias in projections of greenhouse gas emissions, and hence unrealistically high future temperature. Rather than revisit the debate on the choice of exchange rates, we address a much simpler question: when it comes to temperature change, how much does it matter if potential GDP is expressed in MER rather than PPP? Employing a computable general equilibrium model designed to examine a variety of issues in the climate debate, we find that there is a difference, but that it is only minor.
Giving Away to Increase Proﬁts? Price-Discrimination and the Eﬀect of Free Goods

This paper considers the single-period pricing problem of a monopolist serving consumers with private, heterogeneous willingness to pay for quality. A standard approach is to model as an adverse selection problem. Motivated by empirical evidence that consumer utility becomes discontinuous when service is free (e.g. “zero-price transaction utility”), we examine situations where giving away service increases proﬁt. We ﬁnd that free service increases proﬁt when (i) the transaction utility from free service is high, and (ii) the adverse selection pricing schedule results in a small margin for low-valuation customers. When these conditions are met, a pricing policy that serves some consumers for free generates higher proﬁt, even in the absence of volume-dependent cost. When a provider beneﬁts from economies of scale in cost and endogenously selects its target market, free service still increases proﬁt when (i) and (ii) hold. To prove this result, we generalize the adverse selection model to allow for volume-dependent cost.
Anxiety sensitivity, distress intolerance, and negative interpretation bias strengthen the relationship between trait anxiety and depersonalization

Depersonalization is common in anxiety disorders, but little is known about factors that influence co-occurring anxiety and depersonalization.We investigated trait moderators of the relationships b...
Optical techniques for probing the excited state dynamics of quantum dot solids

Abstract Quantum dot (QD) solids represent an important class of functional materials that holds strong promise for future applications in technology. Their optoelectronic properties are determined by energy diffusion processes, which character can often be inferred from the temporal and spectral analysis of the film’s photoluminescence (PL). Here, optical techniques based on PL lifetime, bulk quenching, and temperature-dependent PL will be discussed. These techniques complement the electrical conductivity measurements by mapping the flow of optically induced excitons through undepleted, contact-free films with an unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. By correlating the QD solid morphology with the ensuing photoluminescence (PL) dynamics, these methods allow estimating important transport characteristics, including exciton and charge carrier diffusion lengths, the rate of interparticle energy transfer, carrier mobility, and the exciton diffusivity. The review will cover most popular PL-based strategies and summarize the key experimental findings resulting from these works.
Protein synthesis in sea urchin eggs. II. Changes in amino aicd uptake and incorporation at fertilization.

Abstract The uptake of valine into the sea urchin egg and its incorporation into the protein fraction were determined for the first few minutes after fertilization. By 10 minutes after fertilization, increased uptake can be measured. The rate of uptake immediately after fertilization is difficult to determine, because materials are lost from the egg at this time. Using eggs preloaded with valine- 3 H and exposed to valine- 14 C at the time of fertilization, it was shown that the loss and uptake are simultaneous. An increased rate of incorporation into the protein fraction can be detected within the first 2 minutes after fertilization if this loss of labeled valine is taken into consideration. There is also a loss of newly synthesized protein released from ribosomes at fertilization.
It's Good to be a Woman

Alison Baker, a writer and oral historian living in New York City, is a graduate of Bryn Mawr College, class of 1962. Her second book, It's Good To Be a Woman, is a thoughtful and insightful oral h...
Analysis of orientation representations by Lie algebra in robotics

A number of conventional orientation representation methods that are often used in kinematics and control system design are reviewed. Unlike position, orientation is relatively hard to represent by a three-dimensional vector to reflect its three degrees of freedom. A detailed analysis based on the original conceptions of kinematics and Lie algebra is presented and used to explore a unified representation method for both position and orientation. A set of formulas and relations between the old and new orientation representations are developed. >
Small Firm Dynamics: Evidence from Africa and Latin America

This paper investigates the determinants of survival and growth among small and very small enterprises in Africa and Latin America. Location is found to be an important factor. Firms located in urban and commercial areas are more likely to survive during a given year than those located in rural areas or those being operated out of home. Urban and commercial location is also associated with faster growth, as measured by the number of employees hired in a given year. Studies are also cited to show that human capital matters, especially when it is in the form of vocational training or prior business experience.
Recovery from chronic rotavirus infection in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency: virus clearance mediated by adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice lack both functional T and B cells. These mice develop chronic rotavirus infection following an oral inoculation with the epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM) rotavirus. Reconstitution of rotavirus-infected SCID mice with T lymphocytes from immunocompetent mice allows an evaluation of a role of T-cell-mediated immunity in clearing chronic rotavirus infection. Complete rotavirus clearance was demonstrated in C.B-17/scid mice 7 to 9 days after the transfer of immune CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes from histocompatible BALB/c mice previously immunized intraperitoneally with the EDIM-w strain of murine rotavirus. The virus clearance mediated by T-cell transfer was restricted to H-2d-bearing T cells and occurred in the absence of rotavirus-specific antibody as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, neutralization, immunohistochemistry, and radioimmunoprecipitation. Temporary clearance of rotavirus was observed after the transfer of immune CD8+ T cells isolated from the intestinal mucosa (intraepithelial lymphocytes [IELs]) or the spleens of BALB/c mice previously infected with EDIM by the oral route. Chronic virus shedding was transiently eliminated 7 to 11 days after spleen cell transfer and 11 to 12 days after IEL transfer. However, recurrence of rotavirus infection was detected 1 to 8 days later in all but one SCID recipient receiving cells from orally immunized donors. The viral clearance was mediated by IELs that were both Thy1+ and CD8+. These data demonstrated that the clearance of chronic rotavirus infection in SCID mice can be mediated by immune CD8+ T lymphocytes and that this clearance can occur in the absence of virus-specific antibodies.
The long run impact of immigration on labor market in an advanced economy: Evidence from US data

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic relationship among immigration rate, GDP per capita, and and real wage rates in the USA. Design/methodology/approach – The paper implements the Johansen-Juselius (1990, 1992) cointegration technique to test for a long-run relationship; and for short-run dynamics the authors apply Granger causality tests under the vector error-correction model. Findings – The results show that the long-run causality runs from GDP per capita to immigration, not vice versa. Growing economy attracts immigrants. The authors also find that immigration flow depresses average weekly earnings of the natives in the long-run. Originality/value – The authors are not aware of any study on the USA addressing the impact of immigrants on labor market using a tripartite approach by explicitly incorporating economic growth. It is therefore important to pursue a theoretically justified empirical model in search of a relation to resolve on apparent immigration debate.
Non-rational aspects of skilled agency

This paper criticizes two closely connected rationalist views about human agency. The first of these views, rationalism about agential control, claims that the capacities for agential control in normal adult human beings are rational capacities. The second view, rationalism about action, claims that the capacities for agential control in virtue of which the things we do count as our actions are rational capacities. The arguments of the paper focus on aspects of technical skills that control integral details of skillful action, like the details of a baseball player’s pitching technique. I argue that these aspects of technical skills are largely non-rational capacities, but are nonetheless capacities for agential control, and can help make the things we do count as actions. While rational capacities do have a central role in human agency, their importance should not lead us to neglect the significant constitutive role of non-rational capacities in our agency.
Mechanism of synthesis of adenine from hydrogen cyanide under possible primitive earth conditions.

IT has recently been shown that adenine and the purine precursors 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamidine and formamidine are formed spontaneously from hydrogen cyanide in water–ammonia systems under conditions assumed to have existed on the primitive Earth1.
Quadrature Axis Force and Generator Core Vibration

In earlier papers1 2 the authors described investigations into the behaviour of stator end windings and stator cores. Details were given of the results of vibration measurements at the external circumference of the stator core laminations2. It was postulated that the vibration levels observed at rated current conditions were principally determined by the electromagnetic forces generated by the interaction of the currents in the stator and rotor conductors. This paper gives core vibration results from a generator running on test under no-load conditions, both at rated voltage on open circuit and at rated current on three phase sustained short circuit. The measured levels of vibration are compared with those determined by calculation. Because the magnitude of the exciting force is influenced by the length of the air gap, which in turn controls the short circuit ratio, a study is made of the way in which the choice of short circuit ratio can determine the vibration level. Also considered is operation under load conditions and, since the power factor at which the generator is operating determines the phase relationship of the two principal components of force, a study is made of the effect of power factor. Finally some anomalous behaviour observed on a large generator is discussed together with the possible effect of core vibration on the losses in, and temperature rise of, the stator core end laminations.
Mise-à-la-masse and smoke tests for mapping vadose zone karst

Roughly 20% of the United States is underlain by limestone or dolomite. Shallow karst, riddled with cavities and fractures enlarged by dissolution, poses a costly problem for engineers and developers. Nearly every conceivable geophysical method—microgravity, ground-penetrating radar, electromagnetics, seismic reflection, refraction tomography, seismic surface waves, resistivity, spontaneous potential, and induced polarization—has been conscripted in the war against damage caused by subsidence. In this paper, we will discuss two unusual methods that we have tested for mapping the extent of shallow karst: smoke tests and mise-a-la-masse resistivity. Both methods presuppose at least one borehole intersecting a cavity. Given the highly irregular nature of karst networks, the discovery of a cavity though drilling is sufficient to alert engineers that the site poses a potential problem, but little else can be determined using just the driller's log from a single borehole. The two methods we discuss provided a s...
Influence of selection for body weight at different ages on growth of Turkeys

(1963). Influence of selection for body weight at different ages on growth of Turkeys. British Poultry Science: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 71-82.
Women's employment status and hours employed in urban Brazil: Does husbands' presence matter?

The determinants of hours worked for employed women in developing countries is a little-studied topic. We compare the determinants of employment with the determinants of hours worked for prime-aged urban Brazilian women with and without husbands present. Given employment status, we find systematic differences for women in couple-headed and female-headed households. For the former, the same variables that affect employment do a good job of explaining hours worked. In contrast, our model generally fails to capture determinants of variation in hours worked for women who are sole heads of households. Sample selectivity functions in opposite directions for the two groups.
Spatial and temporal distribution of biogenic carbonate and opal in deep-sea sediments from the eastern equatorial Pacific: implications for ocean history since 1.3 Ma

Abstract High-resolution records of glacial–interglacial variations in biogenic carbonate, opal, and detritus (derived from non-destructive core log measurements of density, P-wave velocity and color; r ≥0.9) from 15 sediment sites in the eastern equatorial (sampling resolution is ∼1 kyr) clear response to eccentricity and precession forcing. For the Peru Basin, we generate a high-resolution (21 kyr increment) orbitally-based chronology for the last 1.3 Ma. Spectral analysis indicates that the 100 kyr cycle became dominant at roughly 1.2 Ma, 200–300 kyr earlier than reported for other paleoclimatic records. The response to orbital forcing is weaker since the Mid-Brunhes Dissolution Event (at 400 ka). A west–east reconstruction of biogenic sedimentation in the Peru Basin (four cores; 91–85°W) distinguishes equatorial and coastal upwelling systems in the western and eastern sites, respectively. A north–south reconstruction perpendicular to the equatorial upwelling system (11 cores, 11°N–8°S) shows high carbonate contents (≥50%) between 6°N and 4°S and highly variable opal contents between 2°N and 4°S. Carbonate cycles B-6, B-8, B-10, B-12, B-14, M-2, and M-6 are well developed with B-10 (430 ka) as the most prominent cycle. Carbonate highs during glacials and glacial-interglacial transitions extended up to 400 km north and south compared to interglacial or interglacial–glacial carbonate lows. Our reconstruction thus favors glacial–interglacial expansion and contraction of the equatorial upwelling system rather than shifting north or south. Elevated accumulation rates are documented near the equator from 6°N to 4°S and from 2°N to 4°S for carbonate and opal, respectively. Accumulation rates are higher during glacials and glacial–interglacial transitions in all cores, whereas increased dissolution is concentrated on Peru Basin sediments close to the carbonate compensation depth and occurred during interglacials or interglacial–glacial transitions.
Software issues in three dimensional continuum shape optimization employing boundary formulations

The paper addresses the issue of how individual computational techniques for the accurate and economical calculation of information required for large-scale 3D continuum structural shape optimization via boundary element analysis (BEA) formulations can be prudently selected and incorporated in large-scale BEA programs, employing either direct or iterative equation solvers. A series of techniques that allows for the incorporation of economical shape design sensitivity analysis capability with a minimal amount of software development is described. The use of reanalysis is shown to be the key ingredient associated with each of these techniques. It is concluded that, from a software engineering perspective, capabilities that facilitate 3D shape optimization can be implemented in BEA programs with only modest investments in program development.
Management of acute liver failure.

Acute liver failure represents one of the most challenging conditions in gastroenterology. In most cases, there is no effective therapy making supportive intensive care the most important management t
Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure of Some New Substituted 5,6-Fused Ring Pyridazines

Abstract Pyridazines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds as a result of their materials and commercial applications. The synthesis of 5,6-fused ring pyridazines 2a–h from 1,2-diacylcyclopentadienes (fulvenes) 1a–h is described herein. This route was quite general, and features an efficient and convenient two-step synthesis of a series of 5,6-fused ring 1,2-disubstituted pyridazines using enolized 1,2-disubstituted fulvenes in a methanolic solution of hydrazine. Full characterization of newly formed fulvene 1e and pyridazines 2a–h are reported. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirms the molecular structure of pyridazine 2f, which displayed the expected pyridazine fused to the cyclopentadienyl moiety. Adding to their real world capabilities in electronic devices, compounds 2a–h display reasonably high stability in solution and in air at room temperature.
Yohimbine use in a natural setting: effects on posttraumatic stress disorder

Abstract Background: Numerous laboratory-based studies have shown that chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with alterations in catecholamines. In a recent neuroendocrine challenge study, IV yohimbine caused exaggerated subjective, behavioral, cardiovascular and catecholamine responses among combat veterans with PTSD compared to healthy controls. Yohimbine is an alpha-2-adrenergic receptor antagonist that activates noradrenergic neurons. Methods: This report describes the experience of 4 individuals with PTSD who took over-the-counter oral yohimbine that they had purchased from a health food store or pharmacy. Results: All 4 subjects experienced a marked exacerbation of anxiety/panic and PTSD-specific symptoms immediately after ingesting yohimbine in a natural setting. Conclusions: The response in these individuals closely resembled the response observed after IV yohimbine in combat veterans with PTSD. The present cases occurred in a natural setting and thus complement laboratory-based findings. The authors caution against the recreational or medical use of yohimbine in individuals who have PTSD.
Dynamically Evolving Sectors for Convective Weather Impact

A new strategy for altering existing sector boundaries in response to blocking convective weather is presented. This method seeks to improve the reduced capacity of sectors directly affected by weather by moving boundaries in a direction that offers the greatest capacity improvement. The boundary deformations are shared by neighboring sectors within the region in a manner that preserves their shapes and sizes as much as possible. This reduces the controller workload involved with learning new sector designs. The algorithm that produces the altered sectors is based on a force-deflection mesh model that needs only nominal traffic patterns and the shape of the blocking weather for input. It does not require weather-affected traffic patterns that would have to be predicted by simulation. When compared to an existing optimal sector design method, the sectors produced by the new algorithm are more similar to the original sector shapes, resulting in sectors that may be more suitable for operational use because the change is not as drastic. Also, preliminary results show that this method produces sectors that can equitably distribute the workload of rerouted weather-affected traffic throughout the region where inclement weather is present. This is demonstrated by sector aircraft count distributions of simulated traffic in weather-affected regions.
Selection for increased resistance to aflatoxin B1 toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Selection for enhanced resistance to egg-adult mortality induced by continuous larval exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in the culture medium was performed for 20 generations with Drosophila melanogaster. Strains Oregon-R and Lausanne-S, both relatively resistant to AFB1, were intermated to provide a base population from which two selection lines and a control line were derived. In each selection line, resistance was significantly enhanced when compared to the controls. As selection proceeded, the dosage of AFB1 was increased as the lines responded positively, reaching 2.5 ppm for generations 18–20. From generation 11 onward, virtually no control line flies survived the AFB1 doses (1.9 – 2.5 ppm) while both selection lines continued to survive at rates reaching 49% of the eggs exposed. The value of such highly resistant lines in elucidating the genetic and physiological bases for resistance to AFB1 toxicity is discussed.
Spatially resolved, intracavity absorption for inductively coupled plasma diagnostics

Abstract Continuous wave intracavity absorption provides a sensitive method for probing the distribution of absorbing species in a plasma flame. There exists considerable potential for plasma mechanistic studies using this method both as a spatial diagnostic for selected species, and as a spectral diagnostic for the detection of low concentration or low oscillator strength species.
Inelastic effects in a thermoplastic adhesive used for bonding a diamond disk

A 1-in.-diam polished diamond disk was bonded to a disk of zinc sulfide (ZnS) using a high-temperature thermoplastic adhesive to form an optical structure that may be used for infrared applications. A postbonding thermal-stress-induced deformation in the structure at room temperature was observed to decrease exponentially over time. This curvature decrease may be attributed to viscoelastic stress relaxation within the adhesive layer. The relaxation behavior of the adhesive layer was characterized over a range of temperatures above room temperature by observing curvature changes in the structure heated to these temperatures. This characterization has led to knowledge of the deformational behavior of this structure during manufacturing and service conditions. In addition, relaxation and approximate physical properties of the adhesive were extracted from the observed behavior.
Goals in the conceptual coherence of social categories

Many traits are goal-derived categories in which the goals associated with the traits help define the typicality structure of the trait categories. Consistent with this hypothesis, subjects’ ratings of the extent to which trait-related behaviors achieved the goals associated with the traits strongly predicted the rated typicality of the behaviors. In addition, the confidence with which people made trait inferences from behaviors was highly predicted by how strongly the behaviors were related to the goals associated with the traits. Goals play a central role in the conceptual coherence of traits and other social categories.
Dopamine Transporter Genotype and Methylphenidate Dose Response in Children with ADHD

Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are the most commonly used, effective treatment for ADHD. MPH acts primarily by inhibiting the dopamine transporter (DAT), a protein responsible for the reuptake of dopamine from the synapse into presynaptic terminals. We sought to evaluate the relationship between DAT1 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) genotypes and dose response to MPH. Children with ADHD (n=47), ages 5-16 years (mean=9.02 years), underwent a 4-week, double-blinded, crossover trial with forced weekly dosage changes. Children were genotyped for the DAT1 VNTR and evaluated on placebo and three dosage levels of OROS MPH. Parents and clinicians who were blind to genotype and medication status rated ADHD symptoms, impairment, and stimulant side effects each week. Children who were homozygous for the less common, 9-repeat DAT1 3'-UTR genotype displayed a distinct dose-response curve from that of the other genotype groups, with an absence of typical linear improvement when the dose was increased from 18 mg to 36 and 54 mg. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms related to poor response in patients with the 9/9-repeat genotype, and to determine if this group responds differentially to alternative treatments.
Technology: Revolutionizing or Transforming College?

Daily we are reminded of the impact that technology has had on our work habits and lifestyles. Newspapers, magazines, and even National Public Radio have special sections describing the newest technological advantage for doing things faster, more efficiently and on-the-go. In 2005, the World Wide Web reached over 1 billion users with projections of reaching 2 billion users by 2015 (Worldwide internet users top 1 billion in 2005, 2006). Fully 73% of Americans report using the internet for work, education, and leisure (Madden, 2006). For the past century, as new technologies have been introduced to the American public, faculty and administrators have studied them in an attempt to understand how they can embrace the ideals of improved student learning, achievement, and success and providing greater access to higher education. Beginning in the late 19th century, prominent colleges such as Yale and Cornell, used the emerging postal service to deliver printed lecture materials to women of all classes of society. Between the World Wars, radio was proposed as a means of delivering courses remotely. Over 200 colleges and universities were granted instructional radio licenses, but only one credit course was developed. After World War II, television gained favor as another tool to deliver instruction, combined with printed materials. Researchers during this period first investigated what have become classic areas of concern for technology delivered instruction: learners’ characteristics, students’ needs, effectiveness of communication, and value of outcomes in comparison with face-to-face study. The advent of interactive satellite and cable television in the 1970s and 1980s provided more immediate ways of communicating, often emulating the in-class experience, but provoking the same questions about quality (Nasseh, 1997). Early in the 1990s, the Campus Computing Project reported that 10% of courses used email as a communication tool. A decade later nearly 80% of courses use email, 58% use internet resources, and 46% have web components (Green, 2006). In the United States, 56% of colleges and universities report offering fully online courses (Waits & Lewis, 2003). Innov High Educ (2006) 31: 143–145 DOI 10.1007/s10755-006-9015-7