cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of a microscale deposition robot using a new adaptive time-frequency filtered iterative learning control

A robocasting manufacturing process and robotic deposition machine are presented in this paper. The process requires that the machine be able to track 3-D trajectories with high precision. Iterative learning control (ILC) is presented as a viable strategy to meet these demands. Typically, practical implementation of ILC requires some type of Q-filtering that creates an inherent tradeoff between performance and robustness. This tradeoff can be minimized by using a time-varying Q-filter that has been tailored to the system and reference trajectory. A new adaptive time-frequency Q-filtered ILC algorithm is presented to adaptively construct a tailored time-varying Q-filter. Further, because the approach is adaptive, the performance is not limited by overly conservative uncertainty models. A simulation example is presented to demonstrate that, when designed for a nominal plant, the adaptive Q-filtered ILC has performance comparable to that of a standard, fixed-bandwidth Q-filtered ILC. When a perturbation of the plant is introduced, the adaptive Q-filtered ILC adapts to maintain stability, whereas the fixed-bandwidth Q-filtered ILC becomes unstable. The adaptive algorithm is applied to the robotic deposition machine to demonstrate the ability of the algorithm to achieve high precision in this application.
GenoProfiler: batch processing of high-throughput capillary fingerprinting data

Summary: High-throughput content fingerprinting techniques employing capillary electrophoresis place new demands on the editing of fingerprint files for the downstream contig assembly program, FPC. A cross-platform software application, GenoProfiler, was developed for automated editing of sized fingerprinting profiles generated by the ABI Genetic Analyzers. The batch-processing module extracts the sized fragment information directly from the ABI raw trace files, or from data files exported from GeneMapper or other size calling software, removes the background noise and undesired fragments, and generates fragment size files compatible with the FPC software. Availability: http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/PhysicalMapping/ Contact: oandersn@pw.usda.gov
In-microbe formation of nucleotide sugars in engineered Escherichia coli.

Abstract Numerous different nucleotide sugars are used as sugar donors for the biosynthesis of glycans by bacteria, humans, fungi, and plants. However, many of these nucleotide sugars are not available either in their native form or with the sugar portion labeled with a stable or radioactive isotope. Here we demonstrate the use of Escherichia coli metabolically engineered to contain genes that encode proteins that convert monosaccharides into their respective monosaccharide-1-phosphates and subsequently into the corresponding nucleotide sugars. In this system, which we designated “in-microbe”, reactions occur within 2 to 4 h and can be used to generate nucleotide sugars in amounts ranging from 5 to 12.5 μg/ml cell culture. We show that the E. coli can be engineered to produce the seldom observed nucleotide sugars UDP–2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucuronic acid (UDP–GlcNAcA) and UDP–2-acetamido-2-deoxy-xylose (UDP–XylNAc). Using similar strategies, we also engineered E. coli to synthesize UDP–galacturonic acid (UDP–GalA) and UDP–galactose (UDP–Gal). 13C- and 15N-labeled NDP–sugars are formed using [13C] glucose as the carbon source and with [15N]NH4Cl as the nitrogen source.
Substrate contributions to automotive catalytic converter performance : The role of channel shape on catalyst efficiency

ABSTRACT The catalyst support plays an integral part in the performance of the automotive catalytic converter system. Although the precious metal catalyst is the primary contributor to the conversion efficiency, the substrate role is to properly distribute and support the washcoat and precious metal catalyst in order to utilize the properties of these components most fully. By optimizing the substrate properties as well as the precious metal and washcoat systems, optimum benefit from the catalyst system can be obtained. The automotive catalyst support is composed of the material and the structure. Previous papers have dealt with the materials. This paper will describe the structure of the catalyst support, specifically the channel shape, and present the structure-related heat transfer, mass transfer, and pressure drop properties for the laminar flow condition for various channel shapes. After these relationships have been established, a comparison will be made between the catalyst system performance of two of the channel shapes available commercially.
Olfactory epileptic auras

Background: Olfactory epileptic auras are rare, constituting about 0.9% of all auras, and are typically described as unpleasant. They have usually been associated with tumors, but in some recent studies they have not. Methods: We identified 13 patients (7 male, 6 female) with olfactory epileptic auras from 1423 patients with partial epilepsy evaluated for intractable seizures between 1991 and 1996. All had routine EEGs and MRI. Twelve underwent prolonged video-EEG monitoring. Results: Olfactory sensations were of various types but unpleasant in only seven. Auras evolved to complex partial seizures (automotor, hypermotor, or dialeptic seizures) in 12 patients, with further evolution to generalized tonic-clonic seizures in three and aphasic seizures in one patient. The EEG focus was localized to the mesial temporal region in all. Ten patients had a mesial temporal tumor; in one patient, it extended to the superior temporal gyrus, and in another, the frontal lobe. The tumor involved only the amygdala in two patients and both amygdala and hippocampus in six; none had hippocampal involvement alone. Surgery was performed in nine patients. All except one with partial tumor resection had a seizure-free outcome. This patient also became seizure-free after repeat surgery to remove residual tumor tissue in the amygdala. Conclusions: Olfactory auras are not necessarily unpleasant. The amygdala is the most likely symptomatogenic zone of olfactory auras. Tumors are the commonest etiology; mesial temporal sclerosis is a relatively rare cause.
Ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphism and decompressional P‐T paths of eclogites and country rocks from Weihai, eastern China

Altered quartz-rich and nearly quartz-free eclogitic rocks and completely retrograde quartz-rich garnet amphibolites occur as blocks or lenses in gneisses at Weihai, northeastern tip of the Sulu ultrahigh-P belt. Eclogitic rocks with assemblage garnet ± clinopyroxene ± coesite + rutile have experienced three-stage metamorphic events including ultrahigh-pressure eclogite, granulite and amphibolite facies. Granulite metamorphic event is characterized by formation of the hypersthene + salite + plagioclase ± hornblende corona between garnet and quartz + clinopyroxene. P-T conditions for the three-stage recrystallization sequence are 840 ± 50°C, >28 kbar, about 760±50°C, 9 kbar, and ~650°C, <8 kbar respectively. Most country rock gneisses contain dominant amphibolite-facies assemblages; some garnet-bearing clinopyroxene gneisses recrystallized under granulite-facies conditions at about 740±50°C and 8.5 kbar; similar to granulite-facies retrograde metamorphism of the enclosed eclogitic blocks. Minor cale-silicate lenses within gneisses containing an assemblage grossular + salite + titanite + quartz with secondary zoisite and plagioclase may have formed within a large pressure range of 14-35 kbar. Eclogitic boudins and quartzo-feldspathic country rocks may have experienced coeval in situ UHP and subsequent retrograde metamorphism. The established nearly isothermal decompression P-T path suggests that this area may represent the interior portion of a relatively large subducted sialic block. The recognized UHP terrane may extend eastward across the Yellow Sea to the Korean Peninsula.
TROPHIC BASIS OF PRODUCTION AMONG RIVERINE CADDISFLIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD WEB ANALYSIS

We determined the trophic basis of production and quantified the food web of caddisfly larvae from the submerged woody (snag) habitat of a Coastal Plain blackwater river (Ogeechee River). Production was dominated by three net-spinning taxa (Cheuma- topsyche spp., Hydropsyche rossi, and Chimarra moselyi), comprising 97-98% of the total among at least 14 trichopteran species. Annual production (as dry mass) was among the highest estimates reported for caddisflies, ranging from 43.5 to 63.9 g/m2 of snag surface (or from 14.2 to 25.5 g/m2 of channel bottom) in two consecutive years. Although all taxa were present throughout the year, C. moselyi had much higher production in summer, H. rossi was highest from late summer to winter, and Cheumatopsyche spp. showed no pattern. Ingestion was determined from production estimates, bioenergetic efficiencies, and quan- titative gut analyses. The two macrofiltering taxa (Cheumatopsyche spp. and H. rossi) were omnivorous, with 50.6 and 64.4% of their production, respectively, due to eating animals. Somewhat lower amounts of their production (40.7 and 23.5%) were due to ingestion of amorphous detritus. Production of the microfiltering species Chimarra moselyi was pri- marily due to eating amorphous detritus (91%). Removal of amorphous detritus from the system by the major taxa was highest in summer, and diatom removal was highest in fall, whereas animals were eaten consistently throughout the year. A quantitative food web showed that while the linkages among nine taxa were complex, the ingestion pathways were dominated by amorphous detritus (total consumption = 62.5 g.m-2.yr-1) and animal prey (22.3 g.m-2.yr-1), with >99% of food resources being consumed by the three dominant filter-feeding taxa. A connectivity food web was misleading because it implied equivalence of all food resources and consumers when great variation in strength of linkages actually existed. These comparisons provide a strong argument for considering energy flow as a measure of linkage strength when evaluating food webs, and they cast doubt on the use- fulness of oversimplified connectivity webs as a basis for food web theory.
Dynamic Nuclear Pore Complexes: Life on the Edge

The exchange of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm is mediated through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) embedded in the nuclear envelope. Altering the interactions between transport receptors and their cargo has been shown to be a major regulatory mechanism to control traffic through NPCs. New evidence now suggests that NPC proteins play active roles in translocation, and that transport is also controlled by dynamic changes in NPC composition and architecture. This view of ever-changing NPCs necessitates the re-evaluation of current models of nuclear transport and how this process is regulated.
Double tropopause formation in idealized baroclinic life cycles: The key role of an initial tropopause inversion layer

[1] Recent studies have shown that double tropopauses exist in all seasons, and at all longitudes, in the midlatitudes. As of yet, the key mechanism responsible for their formation is not known. In this study, we explore the connection between double tropopauses and midlatitude baroclinic eddies. This is investigated in the context of idealized life cycle experiments. The key finding of this study is that large areas of double tropopauses form spontaneously at the nonlinear stage of the life cycle evolution, provided an extratropical tropopause inversion layer is present in the balanced initial temperature profile. We also show that the areas covered with double tropopauses grow as the strength of the initial tropopause inversion layer is increased. Without such a layer, as in canonical examples of baroclinic life cycles much studied in the literature, no double tropopause formation occurs. In agreement with observations, double tropopauses in our life cycle experiments form predominantly in areas of cyclonic flow at upper levels. However, the air masses that end up between the two tropopauses are found to originate from high latitudes. This appears to differ from a recently published case study, where the air between double tropopauses was shown to originate partly from low latitudes. Such a discrepancy suggests that more than one pathway may exist to advect air masses between the two tropopauses.
Oliver Payne Pearson: 1915–2003

Oliver Payne Pearson, mammalogist, scholar, educator, and gentleman, died at the age of 87 on 4 March 2003, only a few days after he and his wife Anita had labored to fell and dismember a giant oak tree near their home. He was affectionately known by the nickname “Paynie.” A monumental festschrift in his honor (Kelt et al. 2007a) memorializes him as “the quintessential naturalist,” and a series of 8 reminiscences were published by colleagues working in South America (SAREM 2003). His death is a major loss for the American Society of Mammalogists, the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (University of California, Berkeley), a host of professional colleagues, and the science of vertebrate biology in general. Paynie Pearson was born on 21 October 1915 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the 3rd son of Olive Payne Corning and Forrest Garfield Pearson. He attended Swarthmore College (B.A. 1937), where he came under the influence of Robert K. Enders. From 1937 to 1938, he was a Research Assistant at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, where he was mentored by Francis Harper. Entering the graduate program at Harvard University, he obtained an M.A. in 1939 and a Ph.D. in 1947. His thesis advisor was the reproductive physiologist Frederick L. Hisaw. His graduate studies were interrupted by World War II. When the war started, he filed for conscientious objector status and in the spring of 1941 was assigned to work in “timber cruising” in upstate New York. Soon thereafter he discovered that his mentor Robert Enders had a federal grant to study “fur resources,” and had requested that Pearson be transferred to this project. So it was that he returned to work in Ender's lab at Swarthmore. Here he met an undergraduate, Anita Kelley, who he married in 1944. Anita subsequently supported and complemented all of …
Load balancing routing in multi-channel hybrid wireless networks with single network interface

A hybrid wireless network is an extension to an infrastructure network, where a mobile host may connect to an access point using multi-hop wireless routes, via other mobile hosts. The access points are configured to operate on one of multiple available channels. Mobile hosts and wireless routers can select its operating channel dynamically through channel switching. In this environment, we propose a routing protocol that finds routes to balance load among channels while maintaining connectivity. The protocol works with nodes equipped with a single network interface, which distinguishes our work with other multi-channel routing protocols that require multiple interfaces per node. The protocol discovers multiple routes to multiple access points, possibly operating on different channels. Based on traffic load information, each node selects the "best" route to an access point, and synchronizes its channel with the access point. With this behavior, the channel load is balanced, removing hot spots and improving channel utilization. The protocol assures every node has at least one route to an access point, where all intermediate nodes are operating on the same channel. Our simulation results show that the proposed protocol successfully adapts to changing traffic conditions and improves performance over a single-channel protocol and a multi-channel protocol with no load balancing
Flying edges: A high-performance scalable isocontouring algorithm

Isocontouring remains one of the most widely used visualization techniques. While a plethora of important contouring algorithms have been developed over the last few decades, many were created prior to the advent of ubiquitous parallel computing systems. With the emergence of large data and parallel architectures, a rethinking of isocontouring and other visualization algorithms is necessary to take full advantage of modern computing hardware. To this end we have developed a high-performance isocontouring algorithm for structured data that is designed to be inherently scalable. Processing is performed completely independently along edges over multiple passes. This novel algorithm also employs computational trimming based on geometric reasoning to eliminate unnecessary computation, and removes the parallel bottleneck due to coincident point merging. As a result the algorithm performs well in serial or parallel execution, and supports heterogeneous parallel computation combining data parallel and shared memory approaches. Further it is capable of processing data too large to fit entirely inside GPU memory, does not suffer additional costs due to preprocessing and search structures, and is the fastest non-preprocessed isocontouring algorithm of which we are aware on shared memory, multi-core systems. The software is currently available under a permissive, open source licence in the VTK visualization system.
Object oriented framework for healthcare simulation

Healthcare is a highly interconnected dynamic environment where multiple combinations of individuals and teams come together to serve patients. Because of the interconnections in the healthcare system, a multi-facility, flexible simulation modeling methodology is desirable, where the modeling boundaries are flexible enough to capture the complex interactions between service centers. This paper presents a flexible framework for multi-facility simulation using an object-oriented simulation paradigm specifically designed for health care services. To test the framework's capabilities, a multi-facility simulation model of the patient flow at a University Student Healthcare Clinic (SHC) was implemented using this proposed framework and standard out-of-the box methods. Based on this modeling and implementation experience, the authors reflect on the utility of a healthcare oriented framework versus standard out-of-the-box simulation tools for healthcare simulation projects.
Effect of certain benzimidazoles and related compounds upon azo dye destruction by liver homogenates.

SummaryCertain benzimidazole. benzothiazole, indole, and quinoline derivatives, and auramine, inhibit destruction of the azo dye. 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, by liver homogenates. This inhibition can be partially overcome by addition of riboflavin adenine dinucleotide and to a lesser extent by riboflavin phosphate. Correlation of inhibition of in vitro dye destruction and of heme synthesis by avian erythrocytes with the anti-azo dye carcinogenic effect of certain benzimidazoles is discussed.
Seasonal Activity and Control of the Monterey Pine Tip Moth

The Monterey pine tip moth, Rhyacionia pasadenana (Kearfott), occasionally causes severe damage to pines in coastal California. The insect has a single generation each year. Injury results from the tunneling of larvae first within the needles and later within shoots. In studies conducted in Richmond, Calif., the pupa was the most important overwintering stage both in 1962 and 1963. Moth emergence occurs during 10 months of the year, with the peak of flight occurring in the spring. Most of the eggs were found in mid-May. Larvae occur from late April until December, and numbers found ranged from 1 to 27 per infested tip. Heavy larval mortality, owing to unknown causes, was found in the fall. Pupation takes place within the killed shoot tips; pupae are found throughout the year. Effective control of larvae, and good protection of pines from damage, were afforded with a spray of DDT at 2 lb active material, or dimethoate at 0.5 lb active material per 100 gal of water applied May 24, 1963, after egg hatch had begun. Damaging levels of Oligonychus sp. mites developed 2/3 of the trees treated with DDT; treatments made in March resulted in greater mite damage than sprays applied later in the spring.
Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

This article reviews the evaluation and initial management of chronic hepatitis C infection, with particular attention to the use of new directly acting antiviral agents in treatment regimens.
Perspective: the problem of non-O157:H7 shiga toxin (Verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli 0157:H7 causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) [1, 2]. The cardinal virulence trait of E. coli 0157:H7 is the production of Shiga toxins (Stx, also termed Verocytotoxins) [3,4]. Unlike most coliforms in human feces, E. coli 0157:H7 does not ferment sorbitol after overnight incubation [5]. Therefore, it is easily and economically detected by laboratories using sorbitolMacConkey (s-Mac) agar screening to identify sorbitol-nonfermenting candidate E. coli 0157:H7 [6, 7]. Such colonies are then tested for the presence of the 0157 antigen, which, if detected, presumptively identifies Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) 0157:H7. In contrast, it is not known which of the many STEC belonging to serotypes other than 0157:H7 (non0157:H7 STEC) are pathogens; with rare exceptions [8, 9], such organisms ferment sorbitol and would be overlooked on an s-Mac agar plate. The same difficulty applies to the detection of sorbitol-fermenting Stx-producing E. coli 0157:NM, a pathogen in Germany [10]. In this issue, Ludwig et al. [11], report that 6 of 8 HUS patients from whom non-0157:H7 STEC were isolated produced antibodies to the O-specific lipopolysaccharide of the putatively causative strains. Ludwig et al. also determined that patients infected with E. coli expressing O antigens 26, 55, and 111 did not make antibodies to the 0157 lipopolysaccharide. Humans infected with E. coli 0157:H7 respond briskly with antibodies to the 0157 antigen [12-16], so absence of anti0157 antibodies probably exonerates E. coli 0157:H7 as the pathogen that precipitated the HUS. This is an important point, because children from whom such non-0157:H7 STEC have been isolated sometimes produce convalescent antibodies to the 0157 lipopolysaccharide [12-14], suggesting that E. coli 0157:H7 was missed in the stool culture. Furthermore, simultaneous enteric infections with E. coli 0157:H7 and non-
P-023 MR Diffusion for Stroke Triage: When is it most useful?

Introduction MR Diffusion Weighted Imaging is known to be very sensitive to acute ischaemic change and probably represents one of the best clinically available methods to estimate the size of an ischaemic core. CT is more widely available, is faster, but may be relatively insensitive. Given that sensitivities vary even as ischaemic core is changing, there may be periods during which MR and CT may agree more or less as the infarct progresses. Methods The institutional database for MRI was queried to select patients that underwent MRI and CT during the triage process for acute ischaemic stroke. Patient data was collected and CT and MR ASPECTS scores were assessed for agreement and variance as a function of time from symptom onset. Results 71 patients were found with complete data and having MRI and CT within 60 minutes. 32 females (45.1%), mean age 70.7 years (range26–95). The mean time of MRI after LSW was 362.5 minutes (range 72 minutes to 22.3hours). The mean time between CT and MRI 38.2 min (range 4–60 minutes, 91% > 20 minutes. When using a theoretical discriminator of ASPECTS score 8 or greater for intervention, we found that MR and CT had a higher frequency of disagreement among patients with MRIs 3–6 hours after LKW compared with patients 6 hours (29.3% vs 10%, p=0.049). In patients with CT ASPECTS 7 or less, there were no disagreements with MR Diffusion. In patients with CT ASPECTS 8 or greater, there were 14/41 disagreements (34.2%) p Conclusions Based on this data, there is some cause to believe that MRI may be more useful during an intermediate period and less useful early in the time course of a stroke as well as in the late course of an acute stroke. Disclosures F. Hui: 3; C; Penumbra, Microvention. D. Wisco: None. N. Obuchowski: None. E. Cheng-Ching: None. K. Uchino: None. S. Hussain: None.
Central dopaminergic mechanisms in young patients with essential hypertension.

1. Central dopaminergic pathways are possibly related to noradrenergic tone and may be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Basal plasma prolactin levels have been used as a marker of dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus. The prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gives evidence of the dynamics of prolactin secretion. 2. To evaluate further the role of dopaminergic mechanisms in hypertension three groups of young male hypertensive patients were studied and compared with healthy male volunteers. In group 1 prolactin secretion was evaluated overnight at 60 min intervals from 22.00 to 06.00 hours. In group 2 we measured plasma prolactin concentrations before and sequentially after intravenous injection of 200 μg of TRH. In group 3 we measured prolactin, plasma and urinary noradrenaline and normetadrenaline during various degrees of physical and mental activity. 3. Basal prolactin, noradrenaline and normetadrenaline levels were higher in the hypertensive patients as compared with normotensive controls. In the hypertensive patients the prolactin response to TRH was significantly attenuated. Treatment with bromocriptine, a centrally acting dopaminergic agonist, lowered the blood pressure and suppressed the elevated prolactin and noradrenaline levels in the hypertensive patients. During bromocriptine therapy the prolactin response to TRH was not different in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 4. These results suggest an abnormal regulation of the prolactin secretion in young hypertensive patients with evidence of increased sympathetic tone, supporting the concept that central dopaminergic mechanisms may be involved in the development or maintenance of essential hypertension.
Two-Dimensional Visible Spectroscopy For Studying Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Possibilities offered by 2D visible spectroscopy for the investigation of the properties of excitons in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are overviewed, with a particular focus on their ultrafast dynamics. The technique of 2D electronic spectroscopy is illustrated with several examples showing its advantages compared to 1D ultrafast spectroscopic techniques (transient absorption and time-resolved photoluminescence).
Fundamentals of Groups

A set is a collection of objects called elements. If x is an element of a set X, we write this as x ∈ X. We can construct a set by listing the elements X = {x|x has some property}. The set with no elements is called the empty set and is denoted by ∅. If X is a finite set, then #X denotes its number of elements.
Classroom and Community Partners: The Ethics and Morality Inherent in Sustainable Practices

The economic, political, and cultural elements that comprise global policies and their effect on individuals, and the greater society of nation/states is the contextual setting to this chapter and the role all educators should acknowledge: the ethical and moral values embedded in today’s classrooms especially in teaching sustainable practices. This chapter examines sustainability, the role of educators in the classrooms, and within their local communities. Community involvement action when bridged to moral valued actions that educators teach and model, as extension of the family, can serve as the bridge for all citizens of planet earth to move to the ethically valued actions that will sustain earth and thereby, the well-being of all future generations.
A New Smoothing Method for Sliding Mode Controllers

Abstract In this paper, a new state-dependent smoothing method is proposed for a sliding mode controller. The proposed smoothing method using the cubical state-dependent switching function combines the advantages of the hyperbolic tangent and nonlinear damping functions such that higher tracking performance can be achieved with less control power. Effectiveness of the proposed smoothing method is validated by simulations and experiments.
Underlying and derived glides in Middle High German

The present study investigates the phonology of glides in Middle High German. On the basis of surface contrasts between prevocalic nuclear glides in syllable-final position ([VG.V]) and postvocalic glides in onset position ([V.GV]), it is argued that the latter were underlying glides (e.g. the /w/ in [le.wə] ‘lion’) and that the former were glides derived from vowels (e.g. the offglide [o] in the diphthong [uo] from /uo/). Underlying glides are argued to be [+consonantal], while nuclear glides ‒ like the vowels from which they derive ‒ are [‒consonantal]. The analysis of Middle High German bears on several debates involving glides in the theoretical literature. First, a treatment with an underlying glide in /VGV/ cannot be reanalyzed by treating the vowels as peaks (e.g. Harris & Kaisse 1999 for Argentinian Spanish). Second, the treatment of underlying glides as [+consonantal] is to be preferred over alternatives which analyze those sounds as [‒vocalic] (e.g. Nevins & Chitoran 2008 for several languages). Third, an analysis of nuclear structure is adopted (from Harris & Kaisse 1999) which enables one to interpret which element in a complex nucleus is the peak and which is the nonpeak without stipulation. Fourth, the contrastive syllabification of surface glides (i.e. [VG.V] vs. [V.GV]) is shown to be a diagnostic of underlying glide languages that has not been discussed in the literature to date.
Formation of mini vortex rings arising from a vortex pair impinging on a wavy wall

This paper is associated with a poster winner of a 2016 APS/DFD Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original poster is available from the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2016.GFM.P0020
Project Hindsight: Seamless Interactive Film For Virtual Reality

Project Hindsight is an experience for virtual reality combining both computer-generated (CG) art assets as well as live film elements to create an interactive narrative concerned with bad driving habits. Using the Oculus Rift and Oculus Touch motion controllers, users are placed inside of a car which was filmed using a 360° camera. Inside the car, the user is able to steer the car and interact with objects inside of it. The car's interior and filmed passenger react to the user's actions in real-time.
Seasonal Frost Penetration in Pavements with Multiple Layers

AbstractSeasonal freeze-thaw cycles and frost penetration depth in cold regions can be key contributors to pavement damage, and it is important as part of design practice to account for detrimental...
IMPLICATIONS OF OPTIMAL FORAGING THEORY FOR INSECTIVOROUS FOREST BIRDS

Optimal foraging theory is useful in understanding foraging behavior of insectivorous forest birds. The theory correctly predicts qualitative changes in dietary specialization and allocation of foraging time observed in experimental and field studies. It suggests that forest birds will exert the strongest stabilizing influence on highly profitable insects occurring in patchy environments. The theory currently fails in many quantitative predictions but is useful as a unifying framework to guide research. Further development of the theory will require a better understanding of the cognitive abilities of these birds, improved methods for quantifying foraging behavior, and more realistic theoretical approaches incorporating the birds imperfect and changing perceptions of insect abundances and profitabilities.
Present and Future Needs for Anthropometric Data Bases

Different populations differ anthropometrically. Although it is a simple matter to determine whether or not such differences are statistically significant, what we really wish to know is whether or not these differences are of practical significance for human factors applications. While for some design problems relatively small differences in a single body dimension or physical characteristic may be critical, in other design areas much larger anthropometric differences may be easily accommodated with little or no difficulty. The questions to be answered then, are which specific measurements are needed, and on which populations or sub-populations. These decisions must be based upon a thorough assessment of all likely uses to which the anthropometric data might be put.
Ultrafast Optics Applied to Modern Device Research

We show that ultrafast optical techniques have made possible the direct investigation of basic nonstationary transport, i.e. velocity overshoot and resonant tunneling, which governs the operation of modern high-speed devices.
Secure Autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems Through Verifiable Information Flow Control

Modern cyber-physical systems are complex networked computing systems that electronically control physical systems. Autonomous road vehicles are an important and increasingly ubiquitous instance. Unfortunately, their increasing complexity often leads to security vulnerabilities. Network connectivity exposes these vulnerable systems to remote software attacks that can result in real-world physical damage, including vehicle crashes and loss of control authority. We introduce an integrated architecture to provide provable security and safety assurance for cyber-physical systems by ensuring that safety-critical operations and control cannot be unintentionally affected by potentially malicious parts of the system. Fine-grained information flow control is used to design both hardware and software, determining how low-integrity information can affect high-integrity control decisions. This security assurance is used to improve end-to-end security across the entire cyber-physical system. We demonstrate this integrated approach by developing a mobile robotic testbed modeling a self-driving system and testing it with a malicious attack.
Additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V alloy: A review

Abstract In this paper, the recent progress on Ti6Al4V fabricated by three mostly developed additive manufacturing (AM) techniques-directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM)-is thoroughly investigated and compared. Fundamental knowledge is provided for the creation of links between processing parameters, resultant microstructures and associated mechanical properties. Room temperature tensile and fatigue properties are also reviewed and compared to traditionally manufactured Ti6Al4V parts. The presence of defects in as-built AM Ti6Al4V components and the influences of these defects on mechanical performances are also critically discussed.
Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis

The name, “congenital hepatic fibrosis”, suggested by Kerr and colleagues in 1961 [1], describes the condition well but fails to indicate its relationship to cystic disease of the liver and kidney. The lesion was first described in 1929 by MacMahon [2] as a rare curiosity. Grumbach et al. related it to portal hypertension in 1954 [3]. Six patients were discussed by Parker in 1956 [4], and Kerr et al. described 13 cases in 1961 [1]. By 1965, McCarthy et al. were able to collect 84 cases from the literature and added ten of their own from the files of the Mayo Clinic [5]. An entire issue of Revue Internationale d’Hepatologie in 1964 is devoted to various articles about the disorder [6]. Excellent articles were published by Fauvert et al. in 1964 [7] and by Murray-Lyon and colleagues in 1973 [8]. Summerfield et al. described 27 patients from the records of the Royal Free Hospital in London in 1986 [9].
Extreme Temperature Operation of Ultra-Wide Bandgap AlGaN High Electron Mobility Transistors

High Aluminum content channel (Al0.85Ga0.15N/ Al0.7Ga0.3N) High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) were operated from room temperature to 500°C in ambient. The devices exhibited only moderate reduction, 58%, in on-state forward current. Gate lag measurements at 100 kHz and 10% duty only showed a slight reduction in pulsed current from DC at 500°C and high gate voltages. Interfacial trap densities were $2 \times 10^{11}$ over the range 25–300°C and $3 \times 10^{12}$ cm $^{-2}$ from 300–500°C from the subthreshold swing. These low interfacial trap densities and the near ideal gate lag measurement indicate high-quality epi layers. The insulating properties of the barrier layer led to low gate induced drain leakage current of $\sim 10^{-12}$ A/mm and $\sim 10^{-8}$ A/mm at 25 and 500°C, respectively. Low leakage current was enabled by the high Schottky barrier of the Ni/Au gate, 1.1 eV and 3.3 eV at 25 and 500°C, respectively. These properties of the AlGaN channel HEMTs demonstrate their potential for high power and high temperature operation.
Network-Side Multipath Access Management in Wireless Networks With Software-Defined Networking

The emergence of multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) enables mobile devices to use multiple wireless network access paths simultaneously. However, we find that unconstrained multipath users could negatively impact the performance of wireless networks in terms of throughput and fairness. Meanwhile, when solving this issue, it is desirable to keep the multipath access as much as possible due to its attractive benefits. Therefore, in this paper, we first identify a solution strategy that can effectively balance the network performance and multipath benefits. We then implement the strategy through a software-defined networking based bandwidth usage management system. Our method identifies a primary path for each multipath user. When congestion happens at an access point, non-primary connections of multipath users are suppressed, thus protecting the network performance. Otherwise, no intervention is imposed, which offers maximal benefits to multipath users. Thus, multipath access is dynamically scaled to achieve a balance between the two aforementioned goals. This process is done in a repetitive manner to be adaptive to user dynamism (e.g., mobility). The proposed solution strategy and system apply to both downlink and uplink traffic. Extensive real deployment experiment and NS3 simulation with Linux Kernel MPTCP implementation demonstrate our findings as well as the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
Age-related causes of emergency department visits after pediatric adenotonsillectomy at a tertiary pediatric referral center.

Abstract Introduction The complications of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (T&A) are well-described and include bleeding, dehydration, nausea, respiratory complications, and pain. After the immediate postoperative phase, the overall 30-day emergency department (ED) return rate is as high as 13.3%. However, few studies have examined the types and rates of late post-operative complications for children undergoing T&A stratified base on patient age. Herein, we aim to better characterize ED return visits for children of all ages, with special attention to those patients under three years of age. Methods This is a retrospective case series at a tertiary academic pediatric medical center. All patients 18 years of age or younger who underwent T&A over eighteen months were included. Data including ED return diagnosis, post-operative day of presentation, and need for surgical intervention was recorded for patients who presented to the ED within 30 days of their original surgery. Results 5,225 patients were identified, with an overall late complication rate of 12.8%. There was no difference in the 30-day ED readmission rate for children under the age of three, although children under the age of two were more likely to present to the ED. There was a significantly higher risk of dehydration for children under the age of four years, and a significantly higher bleeding risk and need for reoperation for control of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage (PTH) for children over the age of six. Conclusions The overall ED visit rate in this study is 12.8%, with no difference based on age. Patients younger than three years of age are more likely to return to ED for dehydration, while bleeding and need for control of oropharyngeal hemorrhage is more common in older children. Knowledge of the age-related late complications of T&A may direct appropriate anticipatory peri-operative counseling of risks and return precautions.
DNA polymerase β nucleotide-stabilized template misalignment fidelity depends on local sequence context

DNA polymerase β has two DNA-binding domains that interact with the opposite sides of short DNA gaps. These domains contribute two activities that modify the 5' and 3' margins of gapped DNA during base excision repair. DNA gaps greater than 1 nucleotide (nt) pose an architectural and logistical problem for the two domains to interact with their respective DNA termini. Here, crystallographic and kinetic analyses of 2-nt gap-filling DNA synthesis revealed that the fidelity of DNA synthesis depends on local sequence context. This was due to template dynamics that altered which of the two template nucleotides in the gap served as the coding nucleotide. We observed that, when a purine nucleotide was in the first coding position, DNA synthesis fidelity was similar to that observed with a 1-nt gap. However, when the initial templating nucleotide was a pyrimidine, fidelity was decreased. If the first templating nucleotide was a cytidine, there was a significantly higher probability that the downstream template nucleotide coded for the incoming nucleotide. This dNTP-stabilized misalignment reduced base substitution and frameshift deletion fidelities. A crystal structure of a binary DNA product complex revealed that the cytidine in the first templating site was in an extrahelical position, permitting the downstream template nucleotide to occupy the coding position. These results indicate that DNA polymerase β can induce a strain in the DNA that modulates the position of the coding nucleotide and thereby impacts the identity of the incoming nucleotide. Our findings demonstrate that "correct" DNA synthesis can result in errors when template dynamics induce coding ambiguity.
Temperature dependence of gypsum dissolution rates

Abstract The reaction kinetics of gypsum dissolution are important for establishing an optimum gypsum content in portland cement. In this paper, the temperature dependence of dissolution rates was measured by tracking changes in solution composition and surface area with time. The rate coefficient increases with temperature and the specific surface area decreases with ongoing dissolution. The dissolution rate depends on the solution's saturation index to an exponent of approximately 1.5. The apparent activation enthalpy is approximately 34 kJ mol−1, independent of saturation index and surface area, suggesting that dissolution is controlled by surface reaction rather than mass transport. The activation enthalpy is interpreted as the energy required to cooperatively break all the ionic bonds at occupied kink sites of the gypsum-water interface. Activation enthalpies similar in magnitude have been reported for other calcium salts, which may indicate that all of these processes involve breaking ionic calcium-oxygen bonds of similar strengths.
Reward Sensitivity, Cognitive Response Style, and Inflammatory Response to an Acute Stressor in Adolescents

Inflammation is gaining support as a biological mediator between stress and many negative outcomes that have heightened risk during adolescence (e.g., mood disorders). Thus, an important line of inquiry is evaluating whether risk factors for mood psychopathology also are associated with heightened inflammatory responses to stress during this developmental period. Two prominent risk factors that interact to predict mood psychopathology are reward sensitivity and perseverative cognitive response styles, which also have been associated with heightened inflammatory proteins. These factors could influence inflammation by synergistically amplifying stress reactivity. Ninety-nine late adolescents (Mage = 18.3 years, range = 15.6–21.9 years) completed measures of reward sensitivity, cognitive response style, and blood draws before and 60-min after a modified Trier Social Stress Task to determine levels of inflammation. Higher reward drive interacted with more perseverative response style ratios (rumination relative to distraction + problem-solving) to predict larger increases in interleukin-6 (a proinflammatory protein). Follow-up analyses found that reward drive interacted with all three components of the ratio to predict change in interleukin-6. Thus, these results suggest that high reward drive and perseverative cognitive response styles are associated with increased inflammatory response to social stress in adolescents, a potential physiological mechanism linking these risk factors to mood psychopathology during this developmental period.
CYP3A5 Polymorphisms and Conversion to Once-Daily, Extended-Release Tacrolimus in Lung Transplant (LTx)

Purpose Calcineurin inhibitors have a narrow therapeutic index and are associated with significant inter- and intra-patient variability. The pharmacokinetic response to immunosuppressive drugs, and their intestinal absorption, may be affected by genetic polymorphisms of CYP3A4/3A5, as well as the low bioavailability and high fluctuation of twice-daily, immediate-release tacrolimus. Patients with CYP3A5 expressor genotypes (CYP3A5*1/*1 and *1/*3) metabolize substrates, such as tacrolimus, more rapidly than CYP3A5 non-expressors and have a higher rate of tacrolimus clearance. The frequency of alleles varies widely across different race and ethnic populations. In the general population, ∼90% of Caucasian patients are non-expressors (CYP3A5*3/*3), while ∼70% of African-American patients are expressors of CYP3A5*1. Once-daily, extended-release tacrolimus (Envarsus® XR) utilizes decreased drug particle size resulting in improved absorption, and has shown increased bioavailability, reduced Cmax, and non-inferior efficacy and safety in both de-novo and stable kidney transplant recipients. Data in LTx is lacking. Methods We performed 50 lung transplants between November 2017 and April 2019. We identified a subset of patients who had consistently subtherapeutic levels despite increases in tacrolimus dose, and who required high doses to achieve goal trough levels. Cmax levels were measured to confirm inadequate exposure if patients were admitted at the time. Cmax levels were found to be consistently low, despite ensuring compliance. We suspected CYP3A5 genotype polymorphisms in 8 patients who required >8 mg/day of oral tacrolimus (or equivalent sublingual dose, using a 1:2 conversion). Results 7 of 8 patients were of African-American race/ethnicity and were CYP3A5 expressors (*1/*1 or *1/*3). After conversion to once-daily, extended-release tacrolimus, patients consistently achieved tacrolimus levels in therapeutic range. Conclusion This is the first observational data assessing the frequency of CYP3A5 polymorphisms in LTx, and the feasibility of using extended-release tacrolimus to achieve therapeutic levels. Further studies are needed to assess patient and graft survival, freedom from BOS, effect of drug-drug interactions, and if any renal-protective benefit exists in this population.
Toward a praxis of the UnKoch: communication and Western knowledge

In the past five years there has been an increase in online news stories, all asking a somewhat similar question that can be paraphrased as, “Why are billionaires funding colleges and universities”...