cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex hormones, orcadian rhythms, and depressive vulnerability

The objective of this review is to delineate the chronobiologic studies of mood disorders linked to the reproductive cycle in women. The experimental designs range from baseline studies of sleep and melatonin circadian rhythms to challenge designs utilizing light therapy and sleep deprivation as experimental perturbations. In summary, melatonin profiles, the best marker for circadian rhythmicity in humans, are abnormally blunted in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Further, light therapy and sleep deprivation, chronobiologic interventions designed to correct underlying circadian rhythm disturbances, are effective in reducing particularly depressive symptoms in PMDD and may have benefit in other reproductive-related depressions in women such as postpartum or menopausal depressions. Depression 3:43–48 (1995). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Issues in Survey Assessments of STS Courses

This study presents the circuitous route taken in an attempt to identify an assessment mechanism for evaluating the impact of STS courses. After initially developing a survey that faculty felt only allowed for the measurement of student opinions about the impact of required STS general education courses, the faculty at Clemson University identified Aikenhead and Ryan's Views on Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS) as an instrument that, when used with the scoring guide created in this project, might be able to assess the sophistication of students views about science and technology in society. The results from administering the pre- and post-VOSTS surveys in one STS course revealed no significant differences when comparing the sophistication of students' views about STS before and after the course. These findings demonstrate that, among other considerations discussed in the manuscript, it will be difficult to find a way of assessing STS courses that can be used for the diverse courses meeting the requirement.
Absence of 3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid in plants treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung Experiments were conducted to establish if the formation of 2.4-dichlorophenol (DCP) from 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in plants proceeds via 3-(2,4-dichtorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4-DP) as an intermediate. Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), kidney bean (Phaseolus vtitgaris L.), pea (Pisum. sativum L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), yellow foxtail (Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.). and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were treated with equal weights of 2,4-D and 2,4-DP. After 3 days, all plants contained DCP; however, amounts were larger in plants treated with 2.4-DP than in those treated with 2,4-D. The 2.4-DP was absorbed from the leaf surface more efficiently than 2,4-D. No evidence was found for formation of 2,4-DP from 2,4-D in any of the plant species studied. L'absence de l'acide3-(2,4 dichlorophenoxy) propionique dans les plantes traitees avec I'acide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetique Des experiences ont ete effectuees pour rechercher si la formation de 2,4-dichlorophenoI (DCP) dans les plantes, a partir de l'acide 2.4-dichlorophenoxy acetique (2,4-D) se produit par l'intermediaire de l'acide 3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionique. Le soja (Glycine max(L.) Merr.). le haricot (Phaseolus vuigaris L.), Ic pois (Pisum sativum L.), le brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.), la folle avoine (Avena fatua L.), la setaire (Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.). I'orge (Hordeum vulgare L.), la fleole (Phleum pratense L.) et le dactyle (Dactylis ghmerata L.) ont ete traites par des poids egaux de 2.4-D et de 2,4-DP. Trois jours apres, les plantes contenaient du DCP; toutefois, les quantites trouvies furent plus importantes dans les plantes traitees avec le 2,4-DP que dans celles traitees avec le 2,4-D. Le 2,4-DP a ete absorbea partir de la surface foliaire plus efficacement que le 2,4-D. La formation du 2,4-DP a partir du 2,4-D n'a pu etre prouvee dans aucune des plantes etudiecs. Die Abwesenheit von 3-(2,4′Dichlorphenaxy)-propionsaure irt mil 2,4-Dichlorphenoxytesaure behandelten Pflanzen Es wurden Versuche durchgefuhrt um herauszufinden. ob die Bildung von 2,4-Dichlorphenol (DCP) aus 2.4-Dichlor-phenoxyessigsaure (2,4-D) in Pflanzen uber 3-(2,4-Dichlor-phenoxy)-propionsaure (2,4-DP) als Zwischcnprodukt ver-laufl. Sojabohnen (Glycine max(L.) Merr.), Gartenbohnen (Phaseolus vutgaris L.), Erbsen (Pisum sativum L.), Wehrlose Trcspe (Bromus inermis Leyss.), Flughafer (Avena fama L.), Gelbe Borsienhirse (Setaria glauca(L.) Beauv.), Gerste (Hordetim vidgarc L.), Wiesenlieschgras (Phleum pratense L.) und Knaulgras (Dactylis ghmerata L.) wurden mit gleichen Mengen an 2,4-D und 2,4-DP behandelt. Nach drei Tagen enthielten alle PHanzen DCP; aber die Menge an DCP war in den mit 2,4-DP behandelten Pflanzen grosser als in den mit 2,4-D behandelten. 2,4-DP wurde von der Blatt-oberflache besser absorbiert als 2.4-D. In keiner der untersuchten Pflanzenarten konnte ein Hinweis fur die Bildung von 2,4-DP aus 2,4-D gefunden werden.
Inward membrane currents in mammalian myocardium

1. Voltage clamp experiments (intracellular electrode for voltage control, current applied through a sucrose gap) were carried out in cat myocardium with an improved clamp circuit. The improvements were: a) reduction of series resistance by clamping the extracellular bath to earth potential and b) monitoring the longitudinal core resistancer ig of the fibres and the shunt resistancer eg in the gap. 2. Ratios ofr ig /r eg <1 (usually due to increase ofr ig because of decoupling of the cells in the gap) cause artifactual current wave forms of the configuration of a more or less suppressed “action potential”. The artifactual component of the recorded current flows through the shunt resistance. 3. In most preparations, shorter than 1 mm, cable properties do not permit space clamp (tested with a second intracellular electrode). Both the rapid sodium current and a slow inward current differing in threshold, amplitude and time course “escape” and produce voltage gradients making measurement of membrane current incorrect. In these preparations the configuration of the current trace depends on the position of the intracellular electrode in the voltage control circuit. 4. In preparations of suitable geometry, smallr ig /r eg ratio and small series resistance space clamp is achieved. Under this condition the two inward currents are clearly separated from each other. 5. The threshold of the slow inward current is at −35 mV. The maximum amplitude of the slow inward current amounts to 1–5 μA (preparation length and diameter about 0.5 mm). A plot of h∞ vs. membrane potential shows inactivation of the slow inward current between −50 mV and −20 mV. 6. Following a depolarization step the slow inward current is turned on with a delay of a few milliseconds. Its activation time amounts to about 20 ms at threshold and 6–8 ms at zero potential. Its inactivation time constant amounts to 60–70 ms between −25 mV and +10 mV, being much longer outside this range.
Genes indicative of zoonotic and swine pathogens are persistent in stream water and sediment following a swine manure spill

Manure spills into streams are relatively frequent, but no studies have characterized stream contamination with zoonotic and veterinary pathogens, or fecal chemicals, following a spill. We tested stream water and sediment over 25 days and downstream for 7.6 km for the following: fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), the fecal indicator chemicals cholesterol and coprostanol, 20 genes for zoonotic and swine-specific bacterial pathogens by presence/absence PCR for viable cells, one swine-specific Escherichia coli toxin gene (STII gene) by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and nine human and animal viruses by qPCR or reverse transcription-qPCR. Twelve days postspill, and 4.2 km downstream, water concentrations of FIB, cholesterol, and coprostanol were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those detected before, or above, the spill, and genes indicating viable zoonotic or swine-infectious Escherichia coli were detected in water or sediment. STII gene levels increased from undetectable before or above the spill to 10(5) copies/100 ml of water 12 days postspill. Thirteen of 14 water (8/9 sediment) samples had viable STII-carrying cells postspill. Eighteen days postspill, porcine adenovirus and teschovirus were detected 5.6 km downstream. FIB concentrations (per gram [wet weight]) in sediment were greater than in water, and sediment was a continuous reservoir of genes and chemicals postspill. Constituent concentrations were much lower, and detections less frequent, in a runoff event (200 days postspill) following manure application, although the swine-associated STII and stx2e genes were detected. Manure spills are an underappreciated pathway for livestock-derived contaminants to enter streams, with persistent environmental outcomes and the potential for human and veterinary health consequences.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Bean Plants Infected by a Virulent and Avirulent Obligate Rust Fungus

Plants appear to have two types of active defenses, a broad-spectrum basal system and a system controlled by R-genes providing stronger resistance to some pathogens that break the basal defense. However, it is unknown if the systems are separate entities. Therefore, we analyzed proteins from leaves of the dry bean crop plant Phaseolus vulgaris using a high-throughput liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. By statistically comparing the amounts of proteins detected in a single plant variety that is susceptible or resistant to infection, depending on the strains of a rust fungus introduced, we defined basal and R-gene-mediated plant defenses at the proteomic level. The data reveal that some basal defense proteins are potential regulators of a strong defense weakened by the fungus and that the R-gene modulates proteins similar to those in the basal system. The results satisfy a new model whereby R-genes are part of the basal system and repair disabled defenses to reinstate strong resistance.
Partition of the Average Energy Deposited in Silicon as a Function of Incident Neutron Energy

The average energy deposited in crystalline germanium per incident neutron has been calculated as a function of neutron energy. The calculations are for neutron energies below 4 MeV, where scattering events predominate and charged-particle production is minimal. A calculation at 14 MeV by Nichols is also included. As the incident neutron energy increases from 50 keV to 14 MeV, the average ionization energy deposited increases from \ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$ to $\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ (erg/g) per (neutron/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$), and the energy available for displacements (nonionization) increases from $\ensuremath{\approx}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ to $\ensuremath{\approx}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ (erg/g) per (neutron/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$). The calculated neutron energy dependence of the energy available for displacements agrees with the energy dependence of carrier-removal experiments in germanium performed with monoenergetic neutrons. Comparisons of these calculations are made with analogous ones for silicon. The energy deposited into atomic processes per carrier removed for \ensuremath{\sim}40-\ensuremath{\Omega} cm $n$-type germanium is $\ensuremath{\approx}0.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ erg/carrier, and the corresponding number is about a factor of 2 larger in the case of $n$-type silicon.
Deconstructing Positive Affect in Later Life: A Differential Functionalist Analysis of Joy and Interest:

Positive affect, an index of psychological well-being, is a known predictor of functionality and health in later life. Measures typically studied include joy, happiness, and subjective well-being, ...
Experiences in Collaborative Distributed Learning Across Geographies and Heterogeneous Student Populations in a Graduate Engineering Course

This article discusses the use of distance learning technology to build an effective learning community across geographies and heterogeneous student populations. We contend that this is done most effectively by combining both synchronous and asynchronous methods. We describe our experience teaching a graduate course where we adopted an approach of strongly encouraging interaction during and after lecture and requiring students to collaborate in geographically dispersed groups, utilizing the appropriate technologies to enable this collaboration. The paper presents students’ reactions and lessons learned regarding the use of technology in course delivery and collaboration across geographies.
Control of the Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide Enhancer by Upstream Stimulatory Factor in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons

The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key player in migraine. However, the transcription factors controlling CGRP expression in the migraine-relevant trigeminal ganglion neurons are unknown. Previous in vitro studies demonstrated that upstream stimulatory factor (USF) 1 and USF2 bind to the CGRP neuroendocrine-specific 18-bp enhancer, yet discrepant overexpression results in cell lines, and the ubiquitous nature of the USF cast doubts about its role. To test the functional role of USF, we first demonstrated that small interfering RNAs directed against USF1 and USF2 reduced endogenous CGRP RNA and preferentially targeted the USF binding site at the 18-bp enhancer in the neuronal-like CA77 cell line. In cultured rat trigeminal ganglion neurons, knockdown of either USF1 or USF2 reduced CGRP promoter activity. Conversely, overexpression of USF1 or USF2 increased promoter activity. The activation was even greater upon cotransfection with an upstream activator of mitogen-activated protein kinases and was synergistic in a heterologous cell line. To begin to address the paradox of how ubiquitous USF proteins might direct neuronal-specific activity, we examined USF expression and used a series of adenoviral reporters in the cultured ganglia. Unexpectedly, there was more intense USF immunostaining in neurons than nonneuronal cells. Importantly, the 18-bp USF enhancer driving a minimal promoter was sufficient for neuronal specificity, although it was not the only site that directed neuronal expression. These results demonstrate that USF1 and USF2 are important contributors to neuronal-specific and mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation of the CGRP gene in trigeminal ganglion neurons.
Scalp neoplasm associated with cranium bifidum in a 24-week human fetus.

Prenatal ultrasonography at 24 weeks disclosed a fetus with a large mass protruding from the occiput. The mass was an invasive, undiffer- entiated mesenchymal neoplasm of the scalp associated with a defect in the occipital bone (cranium bifidum). The tumor may have derived from neural crest at the site of rhombencephalic closure. The tumor itself would seem to be a sporadic event, but the cranium bifidum may imply a recurrence risk of 2- 3% for future pregnancies. A wide variety of congenital tumors have been found in term infants (Bolande, '76). Neoplasms in the neonate are estimated to occur in 1:27,400 live births (Bader and Miller, '79), but many of these display rela- tively benign behavior (Bolande, '76). With the use of prenatal ultrasonography, sizable tumors have been detected as early as the second trimester (Levi, '79). We report here a 24-week fetus with a prenatally detected large, invasive neoplasm of the scalp associ- ated with a defect in the occipital bone. CASE REPORT
Epstein-Barr viral stromal keratitis

We have identified seven patients with clinical and serological features suggestive of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) stromal keratitis. Four had discrete, sharply demarcated, multifocal, pleomorphic or ring-shaped granular anterior stromal opacities with normal intervening stroma, seemingly distinct from adenoviral or herpes simplex stromal keratitis. Two had soft, blotchy, pleomorphic, multifocal infiltrates, predominantly involving the peripheral cornea at all depths, and with minimal neovascularization, resembling syphilitic stromal keratitis. One patient had features or both forms of keratitis. OUr experience suggests that EBV may be more commonly associated with stromal keratitis than recognized previously.
Comparison of sedimentation field flow fractionation with chromatographic methods for particulate and high-molecular-weight macromolecular characterizations

Abstract Quantitative particle size and molecular weight determinations by time-delayed exponential force-field sedimentation field flow fractionation (TDE-SFFF) can currently be carried out in 15–20 min using automated apparatus with force fields of up to 50,000 gravities. New resolution parameters provide a common basis for comparing the ability of the commonly used separation methods for particle size analyses. These parameters show that TDE-SFFF has a 5–10 fold and 10–50 fold greater specific resolution than size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and packed column or capillary hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC), respectively. Because of high resolving power and other characteristics, TDE-SFFF provides superior accuracy in particle size distribution analyses relative to these other separation methods, as confirmed by direct comparisons with typical literature data for a range of particulate samples. TDE-SFFF also has similar advantages over conventional non-chromatographic methods. For example, SFFF exhibits approximately the same resolving power as disc centrifugation but a much wider dynamic range of particle diameter separation in a single analysis. SFFF provides higher separation resolution than SEC and HDC because of intrinsic differences in retention mechanisms. These latter chromatographic methods separate species by size-exclusion effects —peaks elute prior to the mobile phase solvent —therefore, HDC and SEC are basically limited by available fractionation volume. On the other hand, SFFF exhibits true retention like the affinity liquid chromatography (LC) methods —peaks elute after the unretained mobile phase solvent. In contrast to SEC and HDC, but like LC, TDE-SFFF has the potential for very high peak capacity.
Comparison Of The Growth Of InP And InAs By Atomic Layer Epitaxy

The growth behavior of InP and InAs by thermal atomic layer epitaxy is described. The epilayers were grown in the range 320°C-370°C where the growth is predominantly controlled by surface reactions. For InAs, the growth rate strongly saturates at a growth temperature of 340°C. The growth rate is a strong function of alkyl exposure time for the same integrated alkyl exposure during the cycle. This dependence on exposure time is proposed to be caused by steric hindrance effects of the initial adsorbates and the low surface reaction rates of the alkyls at these temperatures. For InP, the growth rate shows saturation at 320°C but does not saturate at higher temperatures. To achieve saturation at this temperature, a PH3 exposure of one order of magnitude higher than the AsH3 exposure required for InAs atomic layer epitaxy is needed. Contrary to InAs, the growth rate does not saturate at 340°C. The difference of saturation behavior between InP and InAs is thought to be due to lower surface reactivity of PH3 which leads to the formation of In droplets and a higher decomposition rate of In alkyls on P than on As.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of bowlegs.

Lower extremity bowing is a normal physiologic process that commonly occurs in walking children under the age of 2 years. After this age, any significant amount of residual bowing is abnormal and may be due to infections, traumatic physeal injuries, genetic predisposition, metabolic factors, or a co
Experimental Brucella suis Biovar 4 Infection in a Moose

A moose (Alces alces gigas) was inoculated with Brucella suis biovar 4 to better understand the effects of brucellosis in this species. Serum antibody titers increased rapidly and peaked within 21 to 56 days. Fever, leukocytosis, recumbency, anorexia and depression were observed starting 42 days post inoculation. Brucella suis biovar 4 was isolated from blood, lymph nodes, liver and spleen.
The effect of functionalized nanoparticles on thiol–ene polymerization kinetics

Abstract Functionalized silica nanoparticles with thiol or acrylate groups were synthesized, and the effect of the functionalized particles on the thiol–ene photopolymerization kinetics was investigated by real-time FTIR spectroscopy. To explain the effect of the nanoparticles on thiol–ene polymerization kinetics, the thiol–ene polymerization at the interface of the particle and the bulk monomer was studied in conjunction with the effects of light intensity and viscosity changes caused by the nanoparticles. These results are compared with corresponding nanofilled acrylate systems. Nanoparticles were not found to significantly affect the polymerization of acrylate-based nanocomposites regardless of the functional group type attached to the particle surface while significant changes in polymerization kinetics were observed with thiol–ene based nanocomposites. The thiol–ene polymerization rate decreases with increasing particle content for small amounts of particle loadings due to a stoichiometric imbalance of thiol and ene groups at the particle surface. However, the polymerization rates increase with larger particle loadings because of polymerization viscosity enhancements. Thiol–ene based nanocomposites exhibit higher final conversions than acrylate systems, reduce the oxygen inhibition relative to acrylate polymerizations, and still react rapidly to form highly crosslinked, hard, high glass transition temperature materials.
Hydrogen solution in homogeneous Pd–Fe alloys

Abstract Thermodynamic properties for H2 solution and hydride formation in Pd–Fe alloys have been determined from pressure–composition isotherms and from reaction calorimetry. The dilute phase solubility in the Pd–Fe alloys appears to be anomalous because the Sieverts’ constants for XFe≥0.0374 do not extrapolate linearly to the value for pure Pd–H. Substitution of Fe in the Pd lattice causes the unit cell size to decrease and thus this system is contracted with respect to Pd. Contracted Pd-rich alloys generally have increased plateau pressures as compared to Pd and the Pd–Fe alloys are no exception. Enthalpies for the plateau reaction have been determined by both p–c–T and reaction calorimetric methods. The enthalpy magnitudes decrease with atom fraction Fe from 19.1 kJ/mol 1 2 H 2 (XFe=0) to 13.5 (XFe=0.10) as determined from reaction calorimetry.
In vitro effects of Ω-3 fatty acids on neutrophil intracellular calcium homeostasis and receptor expression for FMLP and LTB4

Diets enriched inΩ-3 fatty acids exert antiinflammatory properties by suppressing some neutrophil (PMN) functions. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, are important for PMN activation and are in part regulated by membrane Ca2+ ATPases. Since membrane proteins are influenced by their lipid environment, we investigated the in vitro effects of theΩ-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the [Ca2+]i of PMNs in response to f-Met-LeuPhe (FMLP), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and ionomycin. The resting [Ca2+]i of PMNs (in high Ca2+ environment) was increased after pretreatment (37‡C, 2 h) with DHA, but not with EPA, or the other fatty acids, oleic acid (OA), or linolenic acid (LA). The stimulated [Ca2+]i by either FMLP or LTB4 was suppressed in a high Ca2+ environment after pretreatment with either EPA or DHA but not with OA or LA. The stimulated [Ca2+]i rise by ionomycin was augmented after pretreatment with DHA but not with EPA, OA, or LA. Pretreatment of PMNs with either EPA or DHA reduced the receptor expression for both FMLP and LTB4. Since Ω-3 fatty acids inhibit the expression of receptors for two activators of PMNs, FMLP and LTB4, as well as the [Ca2+]i rise in response to those two stimuli, we propose that the antiinflammatory properties of EPA and DHA may be attributed, at least in part, to alteration in membrane activation of phagocytes.
Social effects on spatial choice in the radial arm maze

Social memory was investigated in the context of a spatial working memory task. Pairs of rats were tested in an eight-arm radial maze. Under most conditions, there was a tendency to choose maze locations that had been visited earlier by the other rat. The possibility that this tendency is produced by common preferences for particular maze locations was ruled out. An opposite tendency to avoid visits to locations that had been visited earlier during the trial by another rat was found only when the maze location contained two pellets (rather than an undepletable supply), the rats' ability to see each other in the maze was restricted to the central arena, and the maze location had been previously visited by the focal rat. The amount of food available in maze locations did not otherwise modulate social influences on spatial choice. The results indicate that memory for a rat's own previous choices is combined with memory for the choices made by another rat.
A Particular Solution Trefftz Method for Non-linear Poisson Problems in Heat and Mass Transfer

This paper proposes a computational procedure based on the Trefftz method for the solution of non-linear Poisson problems. The problem is solved by finding an approximate particular solution to the Poisson equation and using boundary collocation to solve the resulting Laplace equation. This method results in a global collocation and hence eliminates the need for discretization of the domain in both two and three dimensions. The solution procedure proposed earlier in the literature based upon the above method has been reformulated for increased computational efficiency. A quasi-Newton iteration method along with a new heuristic for source point location is used for efficient convergence of the numerical scheme. The efficacy of the new formulation has been demonstrated for two classes of problems, viz. the thermal explosion problem and the diffusion?reaction problem in a partially wetted catalyst pellet. A brief error analysis of the method, as well as future research directions, is presented.
FAP, gastric cancer, and genetic counseling featuring children and young adults: a family study and review

Familial adenomatous polyposis is a highly complex and multifaceted colorectal cancer prone disorder which is often significantly confounded by extracolonic cancers inclusive of gastric cancer, a significant problem in the Orient. Gastric cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis is heavily influenced by fundic gland polyps which are often so voluminous as to defy effective endoscopic surveillance. This study involves more than two decades of investigation of an attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis family where gastric cancer posed an early diagnostic problem because it was obscured by multiple fundic gland polyps. Fundic gland polyps are common in familial adenomatous polyposis and attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis and, if voluminous, may interfere with effective endoscopic gastric cancer surveillance. This family is believed to be the first of its type reported with focus upon education and genetic counseling in the setting of a family information service. Cancer control in familial adenomatous polyposis may be partially resolved through use of familial colorectal cancer registries, with greater attention to family history and its interpretation, genetic counseling, and clinical translation for diagnosis and management.
Expectations of Filial Obligation and Their Impact on Preferences for Future Living Arrangements of Middle-Aged and Older Asian Indian Immigrants

Filial obligation, described as culturally-defined rights and duties that prescribe how family members are expected to care for and provide support to each other, is an important variable that influences older immigrants’ preferences for living and care arrangements. This exploratory study examined variables associated with expectations of filial obligation among middle-aged and older, Asian Indian, first generation immigrants and explored the relationship between variations in expectations of filial obligation and expressed preferences for future living arrangements. Data were collected through telephone surveys of 226 English-speaking immigrants in Atlanta, GA. Although no significant relationships were observed between filial obligation expectations and length of residence in the U.S., respondents indicated a variety of preferred future living arrangements. Contrary to current living arrangement patterns found among older immigrants, very few respondents preferred to move in with their children. The most popular preference was to “move closer to children,” followed by “moving to a retirement community” with the majority preferring a retirement community geared to Asian Indians. Other preferences included “not moving” and “returning to India.” Variations in expectations of filial obligation, length of residence in the U.S., and self-rated health were significantly associated with these preferences. Implications are discussed for building capacity within ethnic communities to address living arrangement preferences and their repercussions for caregiving in ethnic families and in communities.
Responses of stored‐product Anobiidae to pheromone lures and plant‐derived volatiles

Experiments were conducted in different locations to investigate responses of adult Stegobium paniceum and Lasioderma serricorne (Col., Anobiidae) to different commercially available or prototype fabrications of their female-produced sex pheromones. The results showed that the number of S. paniceum captured in traps baited with the commercially available lures was significantly higher than those captured in traps baited with the prototype stegobinone lures. The three commercially available brands of serricornin lures investigated were equally effective in capturing L. serricorne. In a related study, we conducted a 9-week trapping experiment to determine if responses of L. serricorne to serricornin can be enhanced by the presence of host plant odours. Traps were baited with serricornin alone, serricornin plus dried red chilli (Capsicum frutescens L.) or red chilli alone. The results showed that the number of beetles captured in traps baited with a combination of serricornin and chilli volatiles were significantly higher than in traps baited with pheromone or chilli volatiles alone, indicating that potential exist for improved monitoring or mass trapping of L. serricorne by combining pheromone with plant-derived volatiles present in Capsicum spp.
Correlations Between the Chest Film and Hemodynamics in Acute Myocardial Infarction

A series of 169 standardized chest films was analyzed relative to hemodynamic parameters obtained within 2 hr of the roentgenogram in 86 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The films were evaluated for cardiomegaly using the cardiothoracic ratio and the standardized, external left heart dimension. The radiographic appearance of the pulmonary vasculature was divided into levels of increasing severity: normal, pulmonary venous congestion, interstitial pulmonary edema, alveolar pulmonary edema. These were compared with wedge pressure levels of ⪕12, 13-18, 19-25, and >25 mm Hg, respectively. Correlations with the admission films of the 86 patients showed: 1) The appearance of the pulmonary vasculature accurately predicted the patient9s wedge pressure on admission in 43% of the cases, overestimated it in 33% and underestimated it in 24%. 2) The presence of cardiomegaly and/or pleural effusion indicated an elevated wedge pressure with a high degree of certainty; however the absence of these signs did not exclude an elevated wedge pressure. 3) In only 62% of the studies was the chest film able to detect or exclude the presence of pulmonary venous hypertension. However, when wedge pressures were elevated to 19-25 mm Hg and over 25 mm Hg, 74% and 100%; respectively of roentgenograms had some evidence of pulmonary venous hypertension. 4) There was a high degree of correlation between the patient9s admission physical findings, as evidenced by clinical classification, and the radiologic assessment of pulmonary venous hypertension. There was no statistical variation in the accuracy of the estimate of wedge pressure in relation to the time elapsed from onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction. However, a therapeutic phase lag was encountered in 21 patients, the chest films remaining abnormal for a period of 1 to 4 days following return of the wedge pressure to normal. A diagnostic phase lag was encountered in 6 patients in whom the chest film did not correlate with elevation of wedge pressure for up to 12 hr. Furthermore, in 17 patients the films were normal in spite of a persistently elevated wedge pressure for 6 to 24 hr. These studies document the limitations of the chest roentgenogram in predicting the hemodynamic status of patients with acute myocardial infarction.
College students' self-estimated and actual knowledge of gender traditional and nontraditional occupations: A replication and extension

Abstract This study investigated the degree and congruence of students' estimated and actual information about gender traditional and nontraditional occupations as well as the relationship of students' gender stereotyping of occupations to predicted and actual knowledge. One hundred female and 102 male college students rated how much they thought they knew about 18 male-dominated and 18 female-dominated occupations. They also rated these 36 occupations for their appropriateness for men vs. women, and completed an instrument that measured their actual knowledge of these and a wide variety of occupations. Women rated themselves more knowledgeable about female- than male-dominated occupations. Men rated themselves as equally knowledgeable about the two. Men and women themselves as equally knowledgeable about the two. Men and women didn't differ in any area of their actual knowledge. There was little relationship between actual and predicted scores for either sex. However, men's errors did not relate to the type of occupation, while women overestimated their scores on traditional occupations and underestimated on nontraditional ones. No relationship was found between the degree to which subjects held gender stereotypes of occupations and either actual or predicted knowledge scores.
Review of The Silver Lining: The Benefits of Natural Disasters by Seth R. Reice

Taking aim at Smokey the Bear requires knowledge of his terrain as well as knowledge of Smokey’s symbolism. Making Smokey an endangered species requires an unconventional view, which the author provides when he discusses disturbance ecology. Disturbance ecology as the force creating biodiversity is set against the more conventional ecological paradigm of equilibrium: environmental constancy. Disturbance ecology takes into account the changes that ‘‘disasters’’ bring about in the natural world. As such, these disturbances create new opportunities for species to survive and thrive, enlarging biodiversity. The subtitle pushes the claims made. There is much here about fire, wind, and water but other natural ‘‘hazards’’ such as earthquakes are evidently not that beneficial. The author, a professor of biology and ecology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, deals with the complexity of his topic with an informal style, converting technical details into lively prose. This is not to stigmatize him as a ‘‘popularizer’’ but only confirms that it is possible to take research and explain it to others who are not as familiar with the facts and ideas. His recommendations to others—to get out of nature’s way—leads to several familiar solutions: changing federal flood insurance, changing national forest management policies, decommissioning dams, developing ecologically based zoning for beaches and flood plains, as well as protecting ecosystems—not just endangered species. All of these ‘‘solutions’’ make abstract sense, and he seems to suggest that proper ecological attitudes will lead to good social policy. Social life is not that simple, but Reice has provided an interesting text for thinking, as he terms it, ‘‘eco-logically.’’
‘Al Gore’s our Guy’: Linguistically Constructing a Family Political Identity

This article considers how one family, consisting of a mother, father, and son (aged 4 years 10 months), uses language to collaboratively create (and socialize one another into) one aspect of their...
How Many Charm Quantum Numbers are There

We address the question, how many kinds of new quantum numbers ("charm") are indicated by recent experimental developments in the study of ${e}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ collision phenomena and dimuon production in neutrino and antineutrino reactions?
Case report of an 11-year-old child with a nonfunctional malignant pheochromocytoma

Pheochromocytoma is an unusual cause of surgical hypertension and is extremely rare in the pediatric population. We present a case of a hypertension-producing malignant pheochromocytoma in an 11-year-old, which was initially unresectable. The tumor responded partially to aggressive chemotherapy and was completely resected. This approach highlights the importance of multidisciplinary care for patients with large pheochromocytomas.
The correlation of serum levels of two transaminases with tissue levels in six vertebrate species.

Abstract 1. 1. The content of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) and alanine aminotransferase (GPT) in liver, myocardium, kidney, muscle and brain was measured in six species (guinea pig, rabbit, pigeon, chicken, rat and horse), selected because the serum levels of their transaminases cover a wide range. 2. 2. Content of GOT in all tissues except brain tended to be highest in those animals with the highest serum levels. The horse provided an exception, since despite very high serum levels, tissue levels were low. 3. 3. Content of GPT in the liver was highest in species with the highest serum levels and lowest in those with the lowest serum levels. 4. 4. These data suggest that the serum levels of some enzymes in different species are related to the tissue levels of the respective enzymes.
Characterization of high-k/metal gate stack breakdown in the time scale of ESD events

Catastrophic gate oxide breakdown of MOSFETs with high-k gate was characterized under ESD-like pulsed stress. It was found that the excessive gate current after gate oxide failure may result in a loss of gate contact and form a resistive path between the drain and source. Using constant voltage stress (CVS) method, the gate oxide breakdown voltages (V BD ) of NMSOFETs and PMOSFETs were extracted. NMOSFETs under positive stress were found to have the smallest VBD, while the V BD of the PMOSFETs under positive stress were significantly increased due to the well resistance. Compared to that measured using the CVS method, the V BD from the transmission line pulse method (TLP) was smaller by only less than 10%. Despite the cumulative damages caused by the TLP method, the result is a conservative estimation of the breakdown voltage. The VBD corresponding to the failure time of 1-ns measured using TLP method agrees well with the extrapolation result from the CVS measurements on the time scale ranging from ∼100 ns to ∼20 µs, suggesting that the failure mechanism remains the same as in the longer time scale.
Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus: an electron microscopic study of Aedes triseriatus (Say) salivary gland infection.

Abstract Aedes triseriatus (Say) mosquitoes were infected with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from a blood meal on viremic chicks. Individual mosquitoes that transmitted virus by bite were dissected at intervals for light and thin section electron microscopy of salivary glands. Viral nucleocapsids were found in the cytoplasm of salivary gland epithelial cells from day 13 onward. Nucleocapsids envelopment occurred during passage through membranes of the acinar cells. Subsequently virus particles accumulated within cisternae of cytoplasmic organelles and in extracellular spaces. After 21 days of incubation, the endoplasmic reticulum of many cells was distended by masses of trapped virus particles. Budding from apical plasma membranes of acinar cells deposited virus directly into secretory products within gland lumina; the striking number of particles in luminal saliva was consistent with the transmission efficiency of arthropods in nature. Viral morphogenesis in mosquito salivary glands was similar in character to that in mammalian tissues and cell cultures, although tubular structures and accumulations of nucleocapsids were not found. No cytopathic effect in virus-infected salivary gland cells was observed during the 31 days of the experiment.
Thermal Force and Moment Determination of an Integrated Thermal Protection System

This paper is concerned with homogenization of a corrugated-core sandwich panel, which is a candidate structure for integral thermal protection systems for space vehicles. The focus was on determination of thermal stresses in the face sheets and the web caused by through-the-thickness temperature variation. A micromechanical method was developed to homogenize the sandwich panel as an equivalent orthotropic plate and calculate the equivalent thermal forces and moments for a given temperature distribution. The same method was again used to calculate the stresses in the face sheets and the core. The method was demonstrated by calculating stresses in a sandwich panel subjected to a temperature distribution described by a quartic polynomial in the thickness direction. Both constrained and unconstrained boundary conditions were considered. In the constrained case the plate boundaries are constrained such that there are no deformations in the macroscale sense. The unconstrained case assumes that there are no force and moment resultants in the macroscale. The results for stresses are compared with that from a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the representative volume element of the sandwich structure, and the comparison was found to be within 5 % difference. The micromechanical analysis, which is less time consuming, will be useful in the design and optimization of integral thermal protection system structures.
Chronic Mitral Valve Leaflet Growth Following Myocardial Infarction

One of the primary failure modes of the mitral valve is mitral regurgitation (MR). MR often follows myocardial infarction, in which case it is referred to as ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR). IMR is a result of alterations to the annular and subvalvular apparatus secondary to left ventricular remodeling [1]. Recent studies showed that the mitral valve can adapt to IMR by increasing leaflet size to reduce the degree of regurgitation. Understanding the exact biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms behind mitral valve adaptation may open new treatment strategies for patients with mitral regurgitation [2]. In this study [3], we investigated the phenomenon of mitral valve leaflet “growth” in an ovine model to define the mechanisms that drive the “growth” process. We further quantified regional and directional variations in “growth” across the anterior mitral valve leaflet (AMVL).Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Perspectives on Aging: Issues Affecting the Latter Part of the Life Cycle.

As more and more individuals continue to live longer lives and the percentage of the population in late adulthood continues to increase, the need to better understand issues regarding aging and older adults becomes of greater concern. Erikson has argued that the crisis of late adulthood is one of achieving a sense of ego integrity as opposed to one of despair. This article reviews perspectives on aging as well as strategies for successful aging. In addition, problems unique to individuals during the latter part of the life cycle are also discussed.
Health Promotion and Physical Activity Programs in Senior Centers

This article describes health promotion programming in senior centers around the leading causes of death in adults age 65 and older. A national sample of 500 senior centers participated in a telephone interview from June to November 2006. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize programs offered, and chi-square statistics were used to compare programming between urban and rural centers. While many senior centers provided resources for chronic conditions and falls prevention, a significant proportion did not. Blood pressure monitoring and nutrition programs were the most frequently offered programs. Programs were more likely to be offered in urban than rural centers.
An overview of LLNL high-energy short-pulse technology for advanced radiography of laser fusion experiments

The technical challenges and motivations for high-energy, short-pulse generation with the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and possibly other large-scale Nd : glass lasers are reviewed. High-energy short-pulse generation (multi-kilojoule, picosecond pulses) will be possible via the adaptation of chirped pulse amplification laser techniques on NIF. Development of metre-scale, high-efficiency, high-damage-threshold final optics is a key technical challenge. In addition, deployment of high energy petawatt (HEPW) pulses on NIF is constrained by existing laser infrastructure and requires new, compact compressor designs and short-pulse, fibre-based, seed-laser systems. The key motivations for HEPW pulses on NIF is briefly outlined and includes high-energy, x-ray radiography, proton beam radiography, proton isochoric heating and tests of the fast ignitor concept for inertial confinement fusion.
Persistent currents and discharge patterns in rat hindlimb motoneurons.

We report here the first direct measurements of persistent inward currents (PICs) in rat hindlimb motoneurons, obtained from ketamine–xylazine anesthetized rats during slow voltage ramps performed ...
Beyond palliative chemotherapy: providing hope in an era of unrealistic expectations and medical-care rationing.

A recent article (Laetz and Silberman 1991) and accompanying editorial (Moertel 1991), appearing in a major general medical journal, concerning the off-label use of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in the United States has focused attention on a serious problem confronting providers of care to patients with malignant disease: how do we meet the desire of many patients and their families to leave no stone unturned in prolonging life in an era of massive efforts to constrain the rapid rise in the cost of medical care? The dilemma facing oncologists is formidable. As most of the therapy available to treat advanced malignant disease is palliative, and second-line treatments uncommonly produce significant prolongation of survival, what should the position of a treating oncologist be when his/her patient desires to continue receiving therapy and the anticipated response rate is less than 5%-10% (Estey et al. 1984)? Even in those patients who may demonstrate objective shrinkage of tumor masses, it is often uncertain whether such individuals actually experience any meaningful palliation of symptoms or improvement of survival (Pappas et al. 1992). Recently adding to the difficulty of this clinical management problem is media "hype" for new therapies in the treatment of malignant disease. Media presentations often present a grossly distorted picture of the currently available evidence supporting the value of new therapies, mistaking hypothesis, preclinical data, and preliminary experience, for proven clinical benefits. Unfortunately, such "data" often make for good news. It is quite understandable how patients with advanced malignancies, their families and friends can view these often highly inaccurate presentations of new treatment options as providing them with their last hope for prolonging survival and "possibly even cure".