cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Climate and Hydrological Responses to Aerosol Effects

The equilibrium temperature and hydrological responses to the total aerosol effects (i.e., direct, semidirect, and indirect effects) are studied using a modified version of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory atmosphere general circulation model (AM2.1) coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. The treatment of aerosol‐liquid cloud interactions and associated indirect effects is based upon a prognostic scheme of cloud droplet number concentration, with an explicit representation of cloud condensation nuclei activation involving sulfate, organic carbon, and sea salt aerosols. Increasing aerosols from preindustrial (1860) to presentday (1990) levels leads to a decrease of 1.9 K in the global annual mean surface temperature. The cooling is relatively strong over the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude land owing to the high aerosol burden there, while being amplified at high latitudes. When being subject to aerosols and radiatively active gases (i.e., wellmixed greenhouse gases and ozone) simultaneously, the model climate behaves nonlinearly; the simulated increase in surface temperature (0.55 K) is considerably less than the arithmetic sum of separate aerosol and gas effects (0.86 K). The thermal responses are accompanied by the nonlinear changes in cloud fields, which are amplified owing to the surface albedo feedback at high latitudes. The two effects completely offset each other in the Northern Hemisphere, while gas effect is dominant in the Southern Hemisphere. Both factors are crucial in shaping the regional responses. Interhemispheric asymmetry in aerosol-induced cooling yields a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, thus giving rise to a significant reduction in precipitation north of the equator, and an increase to the south. The simulations show that the change of precipitation in response to the simultaneous increases in aerosols and gases not only largely follows the same pattern as that for aerosols alone, but that it is also substantially strengthened in terms of magnitude south of 108N. This is quite different from the damping expected from adding up individual responses, and further indicates the nonlinearity in the model’s hydrological response.
Adapter Protein SH2-Bβ Undergoes Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling: Implications for Nerve Growth Factor Induction of Neuronal Differentiation

The adapter protein SH2-B has been shown to bind to activated nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor TrkA and has been implicated in NGF-induced neuronal differentiation and the survival of sympathetic neurons. However, the mechanism by which SH2-B enhances and maintains neurite outgrowth is unclear. We examined the ability of truncation mutants to regulate neuronal differentiation and observed that certain truncation mutants localized in the nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm or at the plasma membrane as reported for wild-type SH2-Bβ. Addition of the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B caused both overexpressed wild-type and endogenous SH2-Bβ to accumulate in the nucleus of both PC12 cells and COS-7 cells as did deletion of a putative nuclear export sequence (amino acids 224 to 233) or mutation of two critical lysines in that sequence. Deleting or mutating the nuclear export signal caused SH2-Bβ to lose its ability to enhance NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells. Neither the NGF-induced phosphorylation of ERKs 1 and 2 nor their subcellular distribution was altered in PC12 cells stably expressing the nuclear export-defective SH2-Bβ(L231A, L233A). These data provide strong evidence that SH2-Bβ shuttles constitutively between the nucleus and cytoplasm. However, SH2-Bβ needs continuous access to the cytoplasm and/or plasma membrane to participate in NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. These data also suggest that the stimulatory effect of SH2-Bβ on NGF-induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells is either downstream of ERKs or via some other pathway yet to be identified.
Multiple-seed TPG structures

Linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) are popular mechanisms for built-in test pattern generation (TPG). They are normally used with a primitive characteristic polynomial because, in that case, only one initialization state (seed) is required. We show that if the characteristic polynomial is nonprimitive irreducible, the required seeds can still be efficiently generated. We establish a formula that shows how the seeds of any nonprimitive irreducible polynomial relate to each other. This leads to an efficient hardware implementation with small hardware overhead, irrespective of the number of seeds, and enhances the choices available for the design of appropriate TPG structures in the case of pseudoexhaustive TPG that were previously limited to primitive characteristic polynomials only.
Gene flow between an endangered endemic iguana, and its wide spread relative, on the island of Utila, Honduras: when is hybridization a threat?

The island endemic Ctenosaura bakeri was listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Redlist Assessment in 2004, 7 years after it was recognized as a distinct species. C. bakeri occupies a portion of Utila, a small continental island located off the northern coast of Honduras. Habitat destruction and over-harvesting are among the top threats facing this species. In addition, morphological evidence of hybridization was recently documented, raising the concern that gene flow from the common and widely distributed C. similis could threaten the genetic distinctiveness of C. bakeri. We show that hybridization occurs only at low levels and is not a current threat to C. bakeri. All ctenosaurs captured for this study were identified to species level without difficulty; none had intermediate or mosaic phenotypes. Sequence analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear markers revealed only two individuals with introgressed genotypes. Molecular analysis of the previously described hybrid showed it to be heterozygous for C. bakeri and C. similis alleles. Hybridization between these two species is possible and occurs occasionally in the wild, and the rate of hybridization could increase if habitat destruction or changes in relative abundance increase the probability of interbreeding. However, the level of gene flow indicated by current data is too low to threaten C. bakeri with genetic swamping or deleterious fitness effects.
"Merging realities: psychosocial happenings-a world on stage"

One of the virtues of our changing times is that new media has challenged us to rethink and reexamine our basic presumptions about reality and the reality that is virtually perceived. From the perspective of an electronic media artist, the author presents a body of work (case studies) of performative-like installations comprised of 3D structures integrating video imagery with the reality of the physical, psychological, virtual, and social worlds. These structures are instigators for enticing "social happenings" whereby participants and viewers become subjects from an observational perspective, providing a simulated clinical "case study". With the influence of theoretical and scientific information in the constructs of mediated environments, perceptions of risk, danger trust, and self-identity are challenged. Using a metaphor to that of a "world on stage", the works provide a visual, conceptual, and concrete model to illustrate progress from theory to practice.
T cell numbers and mitogenic responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells are decreased in copper deficient rats

Abstract The effects of dietary copper (Cu) deficiency on the phenotypic profile and T cell mitogenic reactivity of mononuclear cells in rat blood were examined. Male Lewis rats were nursed by dams fed a diet containing adequate (6 ug/g) or deficient (0.6 ug/g) Cu and fed one of these diets for five weeks after weaning. Mononuclear cells were isolated from blood and analyzed by flow cytometry after immunolabelling with monoclonal antibodies to surface differentiation antigens. Total and differential leukocyte counts were not affected by dietary Cu. Decreased relative percentages and absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, CD4 + and CD8 + cells were present in the blood of rats deprived of adequate Cu during the lactation and postweaning periods. In contrast, the relative percentages of sIg + (B) cells and monocytes, as well as the total number of monocytes, were higher in blood of the severely Cu deficient rats than in controls. The mononuclear blood cell profile for the postweaning model of Cu deficiency was similarly altered, although the percentages of CD8 + cells and monocytes were not significantly different from controls. Expression of class I (0X18) and class II (0X4) major histocompatibility antigens was not altered by Cu deficiency. In vitro reactivity of mononuclear cells from Cu deficient rats to nonspecific T cell mitogens was suppressed. The possibility that this decreased mitogenic responsiveness is due to both the lower number of responding T cells per well and abnormal interactions between antigen presenting cells and lymphocytes is discussed.
Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Chemical and Electrochemical Analysis of Mixed Conductors: A Case Study of Ceria

The AC impedance response of mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs) is derived from first principles and quantitatively compared with experimental data. While the approach is not entirely new, the derivation is provided in a unified and comprehensive manner. Using Sm_(0.15)Ce_(0.85)O_(1.925–δ) with Pt electrodes as a model system, a broad spectrum of electrical and thermodynamic properties is extracted solely from the measurement of impedance spectra over wide oxygen partial pressure and temperature ranges. Here, the oxygen partial pressure was varied from air [po_2=0.21 atm] to H_2 [po_2=10^(−31) atm], and the temperature was varied from 500° to 650°C. It was essential for this analysis that the material under investigation exhibit, under some conditions, purely ionic behavior and, under others, mixed conducting behavior. The transition from ionic to mixed conducting behavior is recognizable not only from the oxygen partial pressure dependence of the total conductivity but also directly from the shape of the impedance spectra. Within the electrolytic regime, the impedance spectra (presented in Nyquist form) take the shape of simple, depressed arcs, whereas within the mixed conducting regime (under reducing conditions), the spectra exhibit the features associated with a half tear-drop-shaped element. Parameters derived from quantitative fitting of the impedance spectra include the concentration of free electron carriers, the mobilities and activation energies for both ion and electron transport, the electrolytic domain boundary, and the entropy and enthalpy of reduction. In addition, the electrochemical behavior of O_2 and H_2 at the Pt|ceria interface has been characterized from these measurements. Under oxidizing conditions, the data suggest an oxygen electrochemical reaction that is rate limited by the dissociated adsorption/diffusion of oxygen species on the Pt electrode, similar to Pt|YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia). Under reducing conditions, the inverse of the electrode resistivity obeys aJ_i^(mass)dependence, with an activation energy that is similar to that measured for the electronic conductivity. These results suggest that ceria is electrochemically active for hydrogen electro-oxidation and that the reaction is limited by the rate of removal of electrons from the ceria surface.
Pediatric intensive care outcomes: development of new morbidities during pediatric critical care.

Objective:To investigate significant new morbidities associated with pediatric critical care.Design:Randomly selected, prospective cohort.Setting:PICU patients from eight medical and cardiac PICUs.Patients:This was a randomly selected, prospective cohort of PICU patients from eight medical and cardi
VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PHOSPHORUS FEEDING CAPACITY OF PLANTS.

Agronomists have frequently noted that different strains of common crop plants often show marked developmental contrasts when grown under uniform nutritive conditions, a tendency often termed differential feeding capacity. Such physiological differences are frequently great enough to necessitate profound modifications in tillage and fertilizer practice whenever contrasted strains of a single species are cultivated. An experiment was undertaken to isolate sharply contrasted strains of inbred corn selected on a performance basis under controlled nutritional conditions, and next to determine which inorganic elements were ineffectually utilized. The application of nutrients on a rational basis not only requires that the absorbing power of individual species for particular elements be known but that the optimum time for making these elements available to the roots of the growing plant should be considered. There is much discussion in the literature of plant nutrition (12, 22, 29) with regard to this time element, and some divergence of opinion. A further purpose of this experiment was the investigation of the problem of timed application of fertilizers, particularly with reference to the absorption of phosphates, and, finally, to vary the time of application of other inorganic elements for comparison with each other and with phosphorus.
A Previously Uncharacterized, Nonphotosynthetic Member of the Chromatiaceae Is the Primary CO2-Fixing Constituent in a Self-Regenerating Biocathode

Biocathode extracellular electron transfer (EET) may be exploited for biotechnology applications, including microbially mediated O_2 reduction in microbial fuel cells and microbial electrosynthesis. However, biocathode mechanistic studies needed to improve or engineer functionality have been limited to a few select species that form sparse, homogeneous biofilms characterized by little or no growth. Attempts to cultivate isolates from biocathode environmental enrichments often fail due to a lack of some advantage provided by life in a consortium, highlighting the need to study and understand biocathode consortia in situ. Here, we present metagenomic and metaproteomic characterization of a previously described biocathode biofilm (+310 mV versus a standard hydrogen electrode [SHE]) enriched from seawater, reducing O_2, and presumably fixing CO_2 for biomass generation. Metagenomics identified 16 distinct cluster genomes, 15 of which could be assigned at the family or genus level and whose abundance was roughly divided between Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. A total of 644 proteins were identified from shotgun metaproteomics and have been deposited in the the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001045. Cluster genomes were used to assign the taxonomic identities of 599 proteins, with Marinobacter, Chromatiaceae, and Labrenzia the most represented. RubisCO and phosphoribulokinase, along with 9 other Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle proteins, were identified from Chromatiaceae. In addition, proteins similar to those predicted for iron oxidation pathways of known iron-oxidizing bacteria were observed for Chromatiaceae. These findings represent the first description of putative EET and CO_2 fixation mechanisms for a self-regenerating, self-sustaining multispecies biocathode, providing potential targets for functional engineering, as well as new insights into biocathode EET pathways using proteomics.
Kyd and Marlowe's Revolution: from Surrey's Aeneid to Marlowe's Tamburlaine

The Early New English iambic pentameter was re-created by Wyatt and Surrey in the first half of the 16th c. Surrey introduced blank iambic pentameter into English poetry, and the first English tragedy, Gorboduc, was written in this versification form. Early New English playwrights were feeling their way into the iambic meter, and wrote “by the foot”: the mean stressing on even syllables reached 90 percent, while on the odd syllables it fell to 5 percent. The authors of first new English tragedies were members of the parliament or the gentlemen of the City Inns, and they wrote for the aristocratic audience and the Court. Their subject matter and their characters matched the verse form: they were stiff and stilted. Marlowe and Kyd represented a new generation of playwrights who wrote for the commercial stage patronized by commoners. Marlowe and Kyd created different sets of plots and personages and a different versification style. Marlowe’s Tamburlaine and Kyd’s The Spanish Tragedy had a powerful impact on generations of English playwrights, from Shakespeare to Shirley. The particulars of the Earlier New English versification style compared to later Elizabethan dramaturgy are discussed in the presentation.
Financial Management in the Context of the Organizational Life Cycle

Various researchers agree to the existence of corporate organizational life cycles similar in principle to the product life cycle concept used in marketing. Life cycle models applied to business organizations suggest that functional departments grow and undergo unique changes in various developmental stages of the firm. The purpose of this study was to determine the changes, issues, and responsibilities common to people involved in financial decision-making in foodservice firms at different stages of the organizational life-cycle.
Synthesis and aldose reductase inhibitory activity of substituted 2(1H)-benzimidazolone- and oxindole-1-acetic acids

Abstract Potent in vitro inhibition of the enzyme aldose reductase (AR) was observed with several members of a series of 3-alkylated 2(1 H )-benzimidazolone-1-acetic acids, as well as with analogs from a structurally-related series of oxindole-1-acetic acids with 3-alkyl or 3-alkylidene substituents. Intrinsic activity against AR was, in general, greatest in compounds from the second series, especially with analogs which contain alkylidene side chains, with typical IC 50 values of ≤ 1 μM. However, in a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model, the best compounds from either series failed to prevent sorbitol accumulation in lens or sciatic nerve to the degree observed with AR inhibitors such as ponalrestat or zopolrestat.
Technique to eliminate helium induced weld cracking in stainless steels

Experiments have shown that Type 316 stainless steel is susceptible to heat-affected-zone (HAZ) cracking upon cooling when welded using the gas tungsten arc (GTA) process under lateral constraint. The cracking has been hypothesized to be caused by stress-assisted helium bubble growth and rupture at grain boundaries. This study utilized an experimental welding setup which enabled different compressive stresses to be applied to the plates during welding. Autogenous GTA welds were produced in Type 316 stainless steel doped with 256 appm helium. The application of a compressive stress, 55 Mpa, during welding suppressed the previously observed catastrophic cracking. Detailed examinations conducted after welding showed a dramatic change in helium bubble morphology. Grain boundary bubble growth along directions parallel to the weld was suppressed. Results suggest that stress-modified welding techniques may be used to suppress or eliminate helium-induced cracking during joining of irradiated materials.
Monitoring the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis using L. major expressing GFP

A murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis with green fluorescent protein positive (GFP+) L. major enables the monitoring of parasitic load via measurements of GFP fluorescence intensity, allowing for a faster and more efficient way of monitoring the clinical outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT). This model may provide new insights on the phototoxic aspects in PDT. Although PDT regimens may be somewhat different in humans, it is expected that the developed model will facilitate the optimization and clinical translation of PDT as a therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis and the eventual development of topical PDT treatments for other granulomatous infections.
Issues of Expressed Stigma of HIV/AIDS Among Professionals in Southern Sudan

HIV-related stigma continues to be a significant barrier to HIV testing, treatment, and care. Understanding the factors that underlie this stigma could help remove barriers to HIV/AIDS intervention. We identified these factors among nurses as well as community leaders in Lui, Southern Sudan. Participants included health workers at a local hospital, a women's group, local market traders, religious leaders, and teachers. We categorized the responses generated from group interaction forums as concerns, fears, and perceptions. We found that stigma persisted not only toward people with conspicuous signs of full-blown AIDS, but also toward community programs, like voluntary counseling and testing centers. Future interventions, including delabeling the counseling and testing centers and demonstrating the efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy, will be critical in reducing the stigma of HIV/AIDS in communities.
StatAlign 2.0

Motivation: Comparative modeling of RNA is known to be important for making accurate secondary structure predictions. RNA structure prediction tools such as PPfold or RNAalifold use an aligned set of sequences in predictions. Obtaining a multiple alignment from a set of sequences is quite a challenging problem itself, and the quality of the alignment can affect the quality of a prediction. By implementing RNA secondary structure prediction in a statistical alignment framework, and predicting structures from multiple alignment samples instead of a single fixed alignment, it may be possible to improve predictions. Results: We have extended the program StatAlign to make use of RNA-specific features, which include RNA secondary structure prediction from multiple alignments using either a thermodynamic approach (RNAalifold) or a Stochastic Context-Free Grammars (SCFGs) approach (PPfold). We also provide the user with scores relating to the quality of a secondary structure prediction, such as information entropy values for the combined space of secondary structures and sampled alignments, and a reliability score that predicts the expected number of correctly predicted base pairs. Finally, we have created RNA secondary structure visualization plugins and automated the process of setting up Markov Chain Monte Carlo runs for RNA alignments in StatAlign. Availability and implementation: The software is available from http://statalign.github.com/statalign/. Contact: novak@stats.ox.ac.uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Abstract #2337: Effect of curcumin on human esophageal cancer cell lines

The growth of cancer cell lines is inhibited by curcumin, a major constituent of the spice turmeric. Equally important, curcumin has little or no effect on non-transformed cells. Because of the great diversity of cancer cell types that have been tested with curcumin, we chose to evaluate multiple cancer cell lines and determined their responses to a range of curcumin concentrations. We asked whether the sensitivity of these lines to curcumin would correlate with their growth characteristics. A standard crystal violet method provided rapid screening of over a dozen cancer cell lines treated with 5 to 40 \#956;M curcumin, allowing us to rank the lines by sensitivity. All but one line showed a decline in growth with dosage. Greater than 80% of the lines showed a significant reduction in cell growth in response to 40 \#956;M curcumin by ANOVA (p Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2337.
Full-color ultragrams

The one-step ultragram, a flexible-format computer-graphic holographic stereogram, is demonstrated in full color. Geometric limitations due to parallel diffusion screen and integral exposure planes are discussed. Image processing and translation schemes that allow for multicolor registration are demonstrated. Emphasis is placed on the pre- and post-swelling color techniques used to register color separated, predistorted component images in order to produce full-color reflection-format stereograms. Experiments using a single laser wavelength to produce a one-step white light-viewable image for each component color are presented. The wide view angle afforded by the flexible ultragram recording geometry, combined with a true color technique, is shown to result in a practical hardcopy display of three-dimensional computer-generated scenes.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Avoiding information leakage in the memory controller with fixed service policies

Trusted applications frequently execute in tandem with untrusted applications on personal devices and in cloud environments. Since these co-scheduled applications share hardware resources, the latencies encountered by the untrusted application betray information about whether the trusted applications are accessing shared resources or not. Prior studies have shown that such information leaks can be used by the untrusted application to decipher keys or launch covert-channel attacks. Prior work has also proposed techniques to eliminate information leakage in various shared resources. The best known solution to eliminate information leakage in the memory system incurs high performance penalties. This work develops a comprehensive approach to eliminate timing channels in the memory controller that has two key elements: (i) We shape the memory access behavior of each thread so that it has an unchanging memory access pattern. (ii) We show how efficient memory access pipelines can be constructed to process the resulting memory accesses without introducing any resource conflicts. We mathematically show that the proposed system yields zero information leakage. We then show that various page mapping policies can impact the throughput of our secure memory system. We also introduce techniques to re-order requests from different threads to boost performance without leaking information. Our best solution offers throughput that is 27% lower than that of an optimized non-secure baseline, and that is 69% higher than the best known competing scheme.
Annotating Change of State for Clinical Events

Understanding the event structure of sentences and whole documents is an important step in being able to extract meaningful information from the text. Our task is the identification of phenotypes, specifically, pneumonia, from clinical narratives. In this paper, we consider the importance of identifying the change of state for events, in particular, events that measure and compare multiple states across time. Change of state is important to the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia; in the example “there are bibasilar opacities that are unchanged”, the presence of bibasilar opacities alone may suggest pneumonia, but not when they are unchanged, which suggests the need to modify events with change of state information. Our corpus is comprised of chest Xray reports, where we find many descriptions of change of state comparing the volume and density of the lungs and surrounding areas. We propose an annotation schema to capture this information as a tuple of .
Debating Immigration: The Disconnect between Public Attitudes and Policy Outcomes in Immigration

The political economy of immigration is far more one-sided and expansionist than the public attitudes toward immigration, and this is even more true of immigration law scholarship. That is, almost all of the significant political interest groups in the United States with an interest in immigration policy, and almost all immigration law scholars, advocate very strongly in the direction of maintaining an expansive immigration policy - and the policy outcomes testify to their success. Finally, and perhaps needless to say, the principal lawyers' organizations in this field - the American Bar Association and the American Immigration Lawyers Association - also favor expansion. In contrast, the general public evidently favors - and has always favored, so far as one can tell from opinion surveys - either more restrictive immigration policies or at least no further expansion of immigration. As a shorthand, I call this discrepancy between restrictive or status quo public attitudes and expansive policy outcomes a "political disconnect." In this chapter, I describe this disconnect and the immigration-specific political economy that I believe largely explains it, concluding with some brief reflections on the phenomenon.
Procedures and Issues of a Restrictive Runway Configuration at Dallas/Forth Worth International Airport

This paper documents the Dallas/Fort Worth operations in northwest flow including the transition to and from this configuration, to shed some light on issues needing further attention. Documenting pilot and air traffic contro ller decision logic during these transitions can be used to create realistic air traffic models. While the Dallas/Fort Worth airport is the main subject for this paper, delays are seen at any airport where a restrictive runway configuration used during periods of non-prevailing winds. The two main sources of data were the quantitative flight data from the terminal area and en route airspace regions and insights into the qualitative decision-making proce ss provided by air traffic management subject matter experts. Archived flight data, such as aircraft tracks and landing runways, were used to plot aircraft approaches, holding patt erns, and vectoring. As expected, the primary factor in causing delay was the reduced number of runways. Secondary factors such as reduced approach precision and a high air t raffic controller workload arising from an uncommon runway configuration also contributed.
Myocardial Strain Is Associated with Adverse Clinical Cardiac Events in Patients Treated with Anthracyclines.

Background Anthracycline-induced symptomatic heart failure is often irreversible, underlining the usefulness of pretreatment risk assessment. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) before or after chemotherapy is associated with a later decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF); however, whether prechemotherapy GLS is associated with symptomatic heart failure and cardiac death in patients treated with anthracyclines is unknown. Methods Patients with hematologic cancers treated with anthracyclines who underwent prechemotherapy echocardiography between November 2006 and June 2011 were retrospectively recruited. Basic demographic data, end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volumes, LVEF, and GLS were measured. Clinical cardiac events (CEs) were defined as cardiac death or symptomatic heart failure. The association of prechemotherapy parameters with CEs was analyzed using proportional hazard analysis. Results Over a median follow-up period of 1,593 days (range, 13–2,891 days) after the start of chemotherapy, 28 of 450 patients (6%) experienced CEs. Prechemotherapy LVEF and GLS were lower in patients with CEs compared with those without CEs (58 ± 10% vs 62 ± 7% [ P = .005] and −15.0 ± 2.8% vs −19.7 ± 2.7% [ P P P = .04), LVEF (HR, 0.93; P = .005), and GLS (HR, 1.47; P P P Conclusions Prechemotherapy GLS is an effective tool to stratify patients at high risk for CEs after anthracycline therapy and may help tailor treatments to decrease anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity.
Acute sodium-retaining effects of estrogens in dogs.

SummaryFive conscious adrenalecto-mized dogs on a high-sodium diet Received iv injections of 650 μg of estradiol, 650 μg of estriol, or vehicle alone. Every animal Received each of the three injections on separate days. One hour prior to and 4 hr following the injection, the urinary excretion rates of Na and K, creatinine clearances, and plasma Na and K concentrations were determined. After administration of estradiol, the urinary Na excretion decreased from 154 ± 7 (SEM) to 63 ± 7 μequiv/min (P < 0.01); urinary K excretion also declined from 22 ± 4 to 10 ± 4 μequiv/min (P < 0.05). Following the injection of estriol, urinary Na excretion fell from 139 ± 8 to 56 ± 16 μequiv/min (P < 0.01), while urinary K excretion decreased from 21± 2 to 9 ± 3 μequiv/min (P < 0.01). Administration of the vehicle alone did not alter the rate of urinary excretion of Na or K. No detectable changes in creatinine clearance occurred following administration of estrogens or the vehicle. Plasma Na concentration remained unaltered...
Linit Numerical Demonstration

A VB program which demonstrates ~lim_(n→∞])(1+1/n)~n numerical process is introduced,the difference between theoretical computation and practical calculation is analyzed,meanwhile a solution is proposed.The four steps-mathematical model,modifying model,scheduling algorithm and optimization algorithm are all fully and well shown.
Tribute to the Honorable Rex E. Lee Solicitor General of the United States 1981-85

Rex E. Lee had a gift for befriending everyone he met. This gift allowed him to treat oral arguments as a conversation with a friend. This approach led to a successful and influential career as an oral advocate.
Consequences of the fragmentation of global environmental governance: the case of safeguards in the financing of large dams

This article uses a broad framework to analyse the fragmentation of global governance architectures, and explores the consequences of such fragmentation with specific regard to the stringency of safeguards standards in the financing of large infrastructure projects, using the example of large dams. Drawing on original research, the author shows differences in safeguards stringency at the level of institutional policies, then at the level of projects financed by Public Financing Institutions (PFIs). Safeguards stringency differs substantially between different PFIs. There is fragmentation between multilateral and bilateral PFIs; and fragmentation among bilateral PFIs. The reasons are differences in coordination mechanisms among different PFIs, and diverging interest group pressure on PFIs. The article explores the key consequences of this fact for fragmentation of global governance. Key consequences are likely for ‘ambition’ (the ability of leaders to go further on the ‘standards’ they wish to set); and ‘e...
An Extension of the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis from Developmental Language Disorders to Mathematical Disability

Math disability (MD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting mathematical abilities. Here we propose a new explanatory account of MD, the Procedural Deficit Hypothesis (PDH), that may further our understanding of the disorder. According to the PDH of MD, abnormalities of brain structures underlying the procedural memory system can lead to difficulties with math skills learned in this system, as well as problems with other functions that depend on these brain structures. This brain-based account is motivated in part by the high comorbidity between MD and language disorders such as dyslexia that may be partly explained by the PDH, as well as by the likelihood that learning automatized math skills should depend on procedural memory. Here we first lay out the PDH of MD, and then present specific predictions, examining the existing literature for each while pointing out weaknesses and gaps to be addressed by future research. Although we do not claim that the PDH is likely to fully explain MD, we do suggest that the hypothesis could have substantial explanatory power, and that it provides a useful theoretical framework that may advance our understanding of the disorder.
Particle Zeta Potentials Remain Finite in Saturated Salt Solutions

The zeta potential of a particle characterizes its motion in an electric field and is often thought to be negligible at high ionic strength (several moles per liter) due to thinning of the electrical double layer (EDL). Here, we describe zeta potential measurements on polystyrene latex (PSL) particles at monovalent salt concentrations up to saturation (∼5 M NaCl) using electrophoresis in sinusoidal electric fields and high-speed video microscopy. Our measurements reveal that the zeta potential remains finite at even the highest concentrations. Moreover, we find that the zeta potentials of sulfated PSL particles continue to obey the classical Gouy-Chapman model up to saturation despite significant violations in the model's underlying assumptions. By contrast, amidine-functionalized PSL particles exhibit qualitatively different behaviors such as zero zeta potentials at high concentrations of NaCl and KCl and even charge inversion in KBr solutions. The experimental results are reproduced and explained by Monte Carlo simulations of a simple lattice model of the EDL that accounts for effects due to ion size and ion-ion correlations. At high salt conditions, the model suggests that quantitative changes in the magnitude of surface charge can result in qualitative changes in the zeta potential-most notably, charge inversion of highly charged surfaces. These findings have important implications for electrokinetic phenomena such as diffusiophoresis within salty environments such as oceans, geological reservoirs, and living organisms.
The Limitations of the Limitations-Owning Account of Intellectual Humility

Intellectual humility is a hot topic. One of the key questions the literature is exploring is definitional: What is intellectual humility? In their recent paper, “Intellectual Humility: Owning our Limitations,” Dennis Whitcomb, Heather Battaly, Jason Baehr, and Daniel Howard-Snyder have proposed an answer: Intellectual humility is “proper attentiveness to, and owning of, one’s intellectual limitations” (2015). I highlight some limitations of the limitations-owning account of intellectual humility. And in conclusion, I suggest (i) that ultimately these are not limitations that any viable account of intellectual humility should own and (ii) that Whitcomb et al. should revise their view accordingly.
Lost and found: what we have learned from the progesterone for traumatic brain injury trials

A short opinion piece updating “Lost in translation: understanding the failure of the progesterone/traumatic brain injury Phase III trials”
A Critical Appraisal of 25 Years of Research About Fashion Adoption Groups: Part 1. Theories/Models and Research Methods

A critical appraisal of 52 articles about fashion adoption groups published from 1989 to 2013 was presented in this article. Objectives were to evaluate use of theories/models, demographics, resear...
Cytochrome c M from Synechocystis 6803: Overexpression in E. coli

Three c-type cytochromes have been isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 — cytochrome f, cytochrome c6, and cytochrome c 550 . Based on genetic analysis an additional c-type cytochrome, cytochrome cM (also known as cytochrome M) has been identified by Malakov et al. [1]. The predicted protein consists of 105 amino acids (molecular mass 11.4 kDa) with a characteristic heme-binding motif (CAVCH) at residues 68–72. The first 24 amino acids of the N-terminal create a hydrophobic tail that is proposed to act as either a transit sequence or a membrane anchor, indicating the expressed protein would be located in the thylakoid lumen. The presence of a putative β-turn and a processing site (VLA) downstream from the N-terminal end supports the suggestion that the hydrophobic region is a transit sequence [1]. If the hydrophobic region were cleaved the molecular mass of the mature soluble protein would be 8.3 kDa.
Evaluating the Use of Medicare Part D in the Veteran Population With Spinal Cord Injury/Disorder

Abstract Objective To examine the different sources of medications, the most common drug classes filled, and the characteristics associated with Medicare Part D pharmacy use in veterans with spinal cord injury/disorder (SCI/D). Design Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study. Setting Outpatient clinics and pharmacies. Participants Veterans (N=13,442) with SCI/D using Medicare or Veteran Affairs pharmacy benefits. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Characteristics and top 10 most common drug classes were examined in veterans who (1) used VA pharmacies only; (2) used both VA and Medicare Part D pharmacies; or (3) used Part D pharmacies only. Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between various patient variables and source of medications. Patient level frequencies were used to determine the most common drug classes. Results A total of 13,442 veterans with SCI/D were analyzed in this study: 11,788 (87.7%) used VA pharmacies only, 1281 (9.5%) used both VA and Part D pharmacies, and 373 (2.8%) used Part D pharmacies only. Veterans older than 50 years were more likely to use Part D pharmacies, whereas those with traumatic injury, or secondary conditions, were less associated with the use of Part D pharmacies. Opioids were the most frequently filled drug class across all groups. Other frequently used drug classes included skeletal muscle relaxants, gastric medications, antidepressants (other category), anticonvulsants, and antilipemics. Conclusions Approximately 12% of veterans with SCI/D are receiving medication outside the VA system. Polypharmacy in this population of veterans is relatively high, emphasizing the importance of health information exchange between systems for improved care for this medically complex population.
Shewhart-type charts for percentiles of strength distributions

The problem of detecting a shift of a percentile of a strength distribution in a quality control setting is considered. Shewhart-type charts for lower percentiles are developed based on small samples. Lower and upper control limits for "percentile ..
An Inherent-Structures Study of Two-Dimensional Melting

Preliminary results of a computational study of the “inherent structures” (IS) associated with equilibrium two-dimensional Lennard-Jones systems are presented. For the system sizes studied, the melting transition is first order, proceeding directly from the crystal to the isotropic liquid. The IS found clearly distinguish between these two equilibrium phases, thus providing strong confirmation of the inherent-structures concept of Stillinger and Weber, for these systems, and laying a foundation for similar studies of larger systems, where there is evidence of three condensed phases.
Can the Golden State Catch a Greenhouse Waiver

In 2004, California adopted the nation's first regulations limiting the emission of greenhouse gases from new motor vehicles. Before these regulations can take effect, however, California must obtain a waiver of preemption under the Clean Air Act from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. California has sought, and received, numerous waivers of preemption for air pollution control programs in the past. EPA approval of this waiver request is not automatic, however. This essay provides an overview of the distinct legal and policy issues raised by California's request for a waiver of federal preemption of its new greenhouse gas emission regulations. After summarizing the legal requirements for obtaining a waiver of preemption under the Clean Air Act, this essay explains why it may be more difficult for California to obtain a waiver for greenhouse gas emission regulations than it has been for prior state regulations governing traditional air pollutants. The essay then considers how California's waiver request fits into a broader policy framework dividing responsibility for environmental protection between the federal and state governments. Accepting there are strong arguments for greater state flexibility in environmental law, this essay assesses the relative strength of California's demand for greater freedom to set its own greenhouse gas emission control policies.
Time-Dependent Energetics of Animals

In the previous chapters, the simplest form of steady-state energy-budget analysis for plants and animals was used, i.e., a “lumped parameter” model. This very basic approach is now extended to include other variables, and a rearrangement of the variables that will yield insight to the difficult problems of field measurements is made. Further, it is necessary to include time-dependent analysis so that the transients that animals experience can be understood. Much of this analysis was developed by Dr. George Bakken while working in my laboratory and has appeared in papers by Bakken and Gates (1975) and Bakken (1976).
Childhood Fears and Phobias

Developmental psychopathology means different things to different people. Here it will be defined as “normal development gone awry” (Wenar, 1982). The basic assumption is that all development is one. As a matter of personal preference, some investigators attempt to trace the path of normal development in order to discover what changes take place at different ages and what laws govern such changes. Other investigators, again as a matter of personal preference, are interested in behaviors that represent significant deviations from the norm and in exploring the ways in which variables responsible for normal development have failed to function as they should. Thus, all abnormalities become developmenta l disturbances. In this view of childhood disturbances normal development is the basic frame of reference for defining and understanding abnormal development.
Open defecation sites, unmet sanitation needs, and potential sanitary risks in Atlanta, Georgia, 2017-2018.

Objectives. To survey the spatial distribution and enteric pathogen profile of discarded human feces in the city of Atlanta, Georgia.Methods. After defining priority search areas in central Atlanta...
Spatial control of in vivo CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing via nanomagnets

The potential of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based therapeutic genome editing is hampered by difficulties in the control of the in vivo activity of CRISPR-Cas9. To minimize any genotoxicity, precise activation of CRISPR-Cas9 in the target tissue is desirable. Here, we show that, by complexing magnetic nanoparticles with recombinant baculoviral vectors (MNP-BVs), CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing can be activated locally in vivo via a magnetic field. The baculoviral vector was chosen for in vivo gene delivery because of its large loading capacity and ability to locally overcome systemic inactivation by the complement system. We demonstrate that a locally applied magnetic field can enhance the cellular entry of MNP-BVs, thereby avoiding baculoviral vector inactivation and causing a transient transgene expression in the target tissue. Because baculoviral vectors are inactivated elsewhere, gene delivery and in vivo genome editing via MNP-BVs are tissue specific.
The Role of Asymmetric Disclosure When Price Efficiency Affects Real Efficiency

We examine the effects of asymmetric disclosure of good and bad news on price We examine the effects of asymmetric disclosure of good vs. bad news on price informativeness when prices provide useful information to assist firms’ investment decisions. We find that more timely disclosure of negative news encourages speculators to trade on their private information which in turn improves the efficiency of firms’ investment decisions. We also identify conditions under which the preferences for timely loss disclosure differ between a firm whose objective is to maximize ex ante firm value and a social planner whose objective is to maximize investment efficiency. Our analysis provides an alternative economic explanation for asymmetric timeliness in accounting disclosure.