cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Occupational Medicine Content Of Oregon Family Physician Practices

Background: Little has been published in the medical literature about the occupational medicine content of family practice. Little is known about the educational interventions needed for family physicians to improve the care they provide to patients suffering from occupational-related disorders. Methods: A questionnaire based on a curriculum in occupational medicine proposed by a subcommittee of the Education Committee of the American Academy of Family Physicians for the guidance of family practice residency directors was sent to a random sample of 100 Oregon family physicians from a total of approximately 570 active practicing members of the Oregon Academy of Family Physicians. Ninety-three completed questionnaires were returned. Results: Occupational medicine constituted a significant part (14 percent) of the practices of Oregon family physicians. The respondents rated management of chronic disability, disability determination, repetitive trauma disorders, and legal issues as the most important occupational medicine problems in their practices. These issues were also those about which they thought they needed additional training. Conclusions: Education in occupational medicine for family physicians must be better tailored to fit their needs and their priorities. The responses to this survey of practicing family physicians in Oregon suggest that more training in the areas of chronic disability management, disability determination, the management of repetitive trauma disorders, and legal aspects of occupational disorders is needed.
Shrews from Hermit Cave, Guadalupe Mountains, New Mexico

Study of remains of Sorex vagrans , S. nanus and Notiosorex craw-fordi from pre-Basketmaker deposits in Hermit Cave, New Mexico, revealed that S. vagrans was smaller than animals of this species currently living in nearby mountains. However, the other two species were essentially like their extant relatives.
The synthesis and characterization of bis-substituted derivatives of the [a2-B20H18]4- anion and the interconversion of isomers.

The apical−apical (a2) isomer of [Et4N]4[B20H18] reacts with oxalyl chloride in dichloromethane to produce a protonated bis-substituted carbonyl species, [Et4N][a2-B20H17(CO)2] ([Et4N][H1]), in 60%...
Research on reliability sensitivity method based on non-probability

Non-probability methods of structural sensitivity analysis overcome the shortcoming of probability reliability sensitivity。Without the use of operations of partial derivatives,the method allows information on the response (or performance) of the structure to be obtained from the structural parameters (or design variables).In this paper,numerical examples were used to illustrate the feasibility,effectiveness and convenience of non-probability methods.
Role of hnRNP A1 in coronavirus RNA synthesis

Several host proteins have been identified that bind to the cis-acting sequences of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) RNAs (Furuya and Lai, 1993; Yu and Leibowitz, 1995; Zhang and Lai, 1995; Li et al., 1997, 1999). The first among those is the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) Al. In normal mammalian cells, hnRNP-Al is predominantly localized in the nucleus, but it shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (Dreyfuss et al., 1993). It interacts with a number of RNAs, particularly pre-mRNA and snRNAs, and a number of proteins such as itself, other hnRNPs and some serine-arginine (SR)-rich proteins through its amino terminal RNA-binding domains and the carboxyl terminal glycine-rich domain, respectively, and thus is associated with the RNP complex (Dreyfuss et al. 1993; Buvoli et al., 1988; Cartegni et al., 1996). hnRNP A1 has been implicated in promoting RNA-reannealing (Buvoli et al., 1992) and in regulating alternative RNA-splicing (Dreyfuss et al., 1993). Its involvement in regulation of viral RNA processing of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-2 has also been suggested (Black et al, 1995, 1996). Recent evidence indicates that hnRNP Al is required for inhibition of HIV-1 pre-mRNA splicing (Caputi et al., 1999). Previously, we found that hnRNP Al specifically binds to the cis-acting sequences (the negative-strand leader and intergenic [IG] sequence) of MHV RNA (Furuya and Lai, 1993; Zhang and Lai, 1995). Site-directed mutagenesis of the IG sequence indicated that the extent of mRNA transcription correlates with the efficiency of hnRNP A1-binding to the IG sequence (Zhang and Lai, 1995). In MHV-infected cells, hnRNP A1 is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm (Li et al., 1997). These findings suggest that hnRNP Al may play a role in regulation of MHV RNA replication and transcription. However, to date, no direct evidence for a functional role of hnRNP Al in MHV RNA synthesis has been reported.
Role of changes in the vascular endothelium in chronic inflammation

The recruitment and activation of lymphoid effector cells into grafted tissue is central to the chronic rejection process. The endothelial cells lining inflamed vessels appear to be important in initiating and perpetuating these events through their expression of adhesion proteins for circulating leukocytes, as well as through their production of cytokines and chemokines to attract leukocytes into the inflamed tissues and to activate effector functions. Described here is our current understanding of the role of the vascular endothelium in leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissues. A model of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions is outlined.
Blocking the Liberal Agenda in House Committees: The Role of the Conservative Coalition

Previous scholarly research has relied upon participant observation and indirect measures such as southern Democrats in positions of power to determine the presence and success of the Conservative Coalition in congressional committees. These measures are used in turn to ascertain the relationship between Conservative Coalition committee success and subsequent Conservative Coalition floor success. A more realistic measure of CC committee success, constructed from previously unavailable committee roll call votes, reveals the Conservative Coalition appears at approximately the same rate as it does on the floor and is slightly more successful in committee. A portion of the variation in the Conservative Coalition committee success rate is explained by a regression model utilizing a measure of CC committee strength and two measures of committee chair influence as independent variables. The analysis reveals the strongest predictor of CC committee success is the willingness of the chair to join the CC followed by...
Approaching the Groundwater Remediation Problem Using Multifidelity Optimization.

The objective of the hydraulic capture method for optimal groundwater remediation design is containment of a contaminant plume using barrier wells to reverse the direction of groundwater flow. Finding a solution involves applying optimization algorithms in conjunction with simulators for groundwater flow and possibly for contaminant transport. The formulation of the objective function and its corresponding constraints dictates which optimization algorithms are appropriate and usually eliminates gradient based approaches from consideration. In addition, objective functions and constraints can be nonlinear, non-convex, non- differentiable, or even discontinuous, and the simulations involved can be computationally expensive. Both computational efficiency and accuracy are important, and this further influences the choice of solution method. With the advent and increasing availability of massively parallel computers, computational speed has increased tremendously. Unfortunately, the numerical and model complexities of problems like groundwater remediation still demand significant computational resources. Moreover, these expenses can be a limiting factor of optimization since obtaining solutions often requires the completion of numerous computationally intensive jobs. Therefore, we propose an algorithm designed to improve the computational efficiency of an optimization method for a wide range of applications and apply it to groundwater remediation. Our approach takes advantage of the interactions between multifidelity models and is applicable to problems for which models of varying fidelity are available. The method can be described as follows: First, a direct search method is applied to the high fidelity model over a reduced design space. In conjunction with this search, a specialized oracle is employed to map the design space of this high fidelity model to that of a computationally cheaper low fidelity model using space mapping techniques. Then, in the low fidelity space, an optimum is obtained using gradient based optimization, and it is mapped back to the high fidelity space. To motivate this work, we consider a hydraulic capture problem proposed in the literature for benchmarking purposes. The problem is to minimize the cost to install and operate a set of wells subject to constraints on the concentration of a contaminant at specified locations in the physical domain. We solve the problem by applying the multifidelity approach described above using only flow information for the low fidelity model and using concentration based constraints for the high fidelity model. We present some promising results for this preliminary problem, and explain how we plan to extend our study by considering more representative physical models, simulators, objective function formulations, and by incorporating real-site data.
Parametric Study on Effects of Pile Orientation in Integral Abutment Bridges

AbstractFor integral abutment bridge (IAB) design, there is no consensus on the preferable orientation of the piles supporting the abutment, although variations can affect overall bridge behavior and forces in the piles. This paper details a parametric study of steel girder IABs that used finite-element models to compare the effects of pile orientation on bridges of various lengths and skews. For this study, the bridge lengths investigated were 15.2 m (50 ft), 30.5 m (100 ft), and 45.7 m (150 ft) with skew angles of 0, 15, 30, and 45°. H-pile orientation of webs parallel and perpendicular to the abutment centerline were investigated and compared. The results apply to the thermal response of the models and report abutment and pile displacements, pile weak-axis and strong-axis bending moments, and ratios of maximum bending moments to yield moments. Results show that there is not one optimal pile orientation; rather, optimal orientation depends on other factors. Beyond the effects of length and skew angle, c...
Spinopelvic mobility and acetabular component position for total hip arthroplasty.

AimsPosterior tilt of the pelvis with sitting provides biological acetabular opening. Our goal was to study the post-operative interaction of skeletal mobility and sagittal acetabular component pos...
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore and Number of Openings

Mitochondria are double membrane intracellular organelles that provide the ATP to meet the energy demands of the cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in diverse disease including neurodegenerative pathologies, heart diseases and many more. In rat cardiac ventricular myocytes, due to the large energy demand of a beating heart, mitochondria comprise 30-40% of cell volume and number approximately 20,000 per cell. Within each mitochondrion, the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) provide a base for electron transport chain (ETC) and ATP Synthase proteins. The ETC establishes an electrical and pH gradient with the matrix potential of approximately −180 mV. However, depolarizations of the IMM can occur following elevations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or elevations of matrix [Ca2+]m and under other conditions. These depolarizations are largely attributed to the opening of a putative mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). The exact molecular composition of the mPTP is controversial and over the years has been attributed to many inner and outer membrane protein components as well as other proteins. Recently, the ATP synthase dimers have been implicated as key components of the mPTP as well. Contributions of mPTP to the regulation of matrix Ca2+, mitochondrial volume and programmed cell death (apoptosis) have been suggested. The model suggests that in order to simulate experimental data the ion fluxes that pass through mPTP are mainly Na+ and K+ as these are the most abundant ions present. Furthermore, it takes the opening of only one mPTP for a transient depolarization or sustained depolarization with a current of 30 pA and 26 pA respectively. Constraints on the protein identities and their behaviors are suggested by these models. Importantly, this work suggests that specific experiments be carried out to test candidate proteins and protein-combinations for possible involvement in mPTP.
Adolescents with cannabis use disorders: Adaptive treatment for poor responders.

Abstract Objective Treatment response as measured by both retention and abstinence attainment rates for adolescents with cannabis use disorders (CUD) has been unsatisfactory. This study tested the hypothesis that adaptive treatment (AT) will improve outcomes for poor responders (PR) to evidence-based practice interventions. Method A total of 161 adolescents, 13–18 years of age, diagnosed with DSM-IV CUD, enrolled in this outpatient, randomized, AT study. Following a 7-session weekly motivational enhancement and cognitive behavioral therapy intervention (MET/CBT-7) only poor responders (defined as failing to achieve abstinence at week seven for any reason) were randomized into a 10-week AT phase of either an individualized enhanced CBT or an Adolescent Community Reinforcement Approach (ACRA) intervention. Good responders (GR) enrolled only in follow-up assessments starting at the completion of the AT phase (week 17). Results Eighty adolescents (50%) met the criterion for poor response to treatment. Thirty seven percent of poor responders completed the AT phase and 27% of them achieved abstinence. There was no significant difference in retention and abstinence rates between the AT conditions. Although the majority of GR relapsed by week 17, they significantly differed from PR both for drug use (71% vs. 91%, respectively; p Conclusion Continuity of care to achieve abstinence among poor responders remains a therapeutic necessity and a research challenge. Examining innovative AT designed interventions including potential integrative approaches should be further studied in order to improve treatment outcomes.
STAT3 Inhibitory Activity of Structurally Simplified Withaferin A Analogues

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a component of the JAK/STAT pathway. Therapeutic inhibition of STAT3 has been of high interest, as its aberrant activation has been linked to cancer, inflammation, and other human diseases. The withanolide family natural product withaferin A (1) inhibits STAT3 activation. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated simplified withanolide analogues SLW1 (3) and SLW2 (4), and found that SLW1 retained the STAT3 inhibitory activity of withaferin A.
Immune modulator therapy for microscopic colitis in a case series of 73 patients.

SummaryBackground Microscopic colitis (MC) is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea. Various treatment options have been described, but there are limited data describing outcomes of corticosteroid-sparing treatments. Aim To evaluate the outcomes of patients with active MC treated with immune modulators. Methods All patients seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between January 1, 1997 and November 30, 2016 with a histological diagnosis of MC were identified. Patients treated with an immune modulator of interest were selected and clinical outcomes recorded. Results Seventy-three MC patients (50 collagenous colitis and 23 lymphocytic colitis) with a median disease duration of 24 months (range, 7-60) were included. The indications for treatment were budesonide-refractoriness in 66%, budesonide dependence in 29%, and budesonide intolerance in 5%. Median age was 51.8 years (range, 43.4-63.1) and 61 (84%) were female. Thiopurines were used in 49 patients (67%) for a median of 4 months (range, 1.5-15). Complete and partial response occurred in 43% and 22% respectively. Adverse effects resulting in therapy cessation occurred in 17 patients (35%). Twelve patients (16%) were treated with methotrexate for a median of 14 months (3-18.8). Complete and partial response occurred in 58% and 17%, respectively. Anti-TNF therapy was used in 10 patients (14%) for a median of 4 months (range, 2.3-5.5). Complete response occurred in four patients and partial response in four patients. Conclusions The majority of patients with active MC responded to thiopurines, methotrexate, or anti-TNF therapy. Larger controlled studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of these medications in MC.
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Copper-304 Stainless Steel Multilayers Synthesized by Magnetron Sputtering

Nanostructured Cu/304 stainless steel (SS) multilayers were prepared by magnetron sputtering at room temperature. 304SS has a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure in bulk. However, in the Cu/304SS multilayers, the SS layers exhibited fcc structure for layer thickness of less than or equal to 5 nm. For 304SS layer thickness larger than 5nm, bcc 304SS grains were observed to grow on top of the initial ≈ 5 nm of fcc SS. The maximum hardness of Cu/304SS multilayers was ≈ 5.5 GPa (factor of two enhancement compared to rule of mixtures hardness) achieved at a layer thickness of 5nm, with a decrease in hardness with decreasing layer thickness below 5 nm. The hardness of fcc/fcc Cu/304SS multilayers (layer thickness ≤ 5 nm) is compared with Cu/Ni, another fcc/fcc system, to gain insight on how the mismatch in physical properties such as lattice parameters and shear moduli of the constituent layers affect the peak hardness achieved in these nanoscale systems.
Influence of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Exposure on Cardiovascular and Salivary Biosensors: Is There a Relationship?

Abstract Background/purpose Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health epidemic that initiates/exacerbates health consequences affecting a victim's lifespan. IPV can significantly predispose women to a lifetime risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to the effects of stress and inflammation. This study investigates the correlation among IPV exposure, in-vivo CVD events, and inflammatory biomarkers as predictor indices(s) for CVD in female dental patients. Methods Of 37 women enrolled in this study, 19 were African-American (AA) and 18 non-African-American (non-AA) and their ages ranged from 19 to 63 years. IPV-exposure and stress-induced in-vivo CVD events such as Chest Pain (CP) and Heart palpitations were recorded from all enrolled subjects. Cardiovascular events were obtained through surveys by patient self-report. Saliva specimens were obtained from all women and were analyzed for CVD biomarkers using multiplex-ELISA. Results The prevalence of IPV was 51% (19/37) and statistically equivalent for AA and non-AA. The results show differences in experience of 1) CP (p Discussion/Implications Analysis of in vivo CVD status showed that significant race/health disparities exist in IPV + cohorts, as well as increased expression of inflammatory mediators, specifically CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, MMP9. Women who have experienced IPV may be a target cohort for primary prevention of CVD. The use of salivary biomarkers and our protocol may provide a less invasive method to help increase identification of victims at risk for IPV and CVD and potentially decrease other health injuries associated with IPV exposure.
Sleep disordered breathing with excessive daytime sleepiness is a risk factor for mortality in older adults.

Study objectives Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is associated with increased mortality in older adults, yet sleep disordered breathing (SDB), a common cause of sleepiness, has not been shown to increase mortality in older adults. This study examined the relationship between daytime sleepiness, SDB, self-report sleep parameters, and mortality in older adults. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Clinical and Translational Research Center, at-home testing. Participants 289 study participants (age >65, no dementia or depression at the time of enrollment) classified as having EDS (n=146) or not (n=143). Measurements and results Study participants underwent in-lab polysomnography and multiple sleep latency testing at cohort inception. Survival analysis was conducted, with an average follow-up of 13.8 years. Excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with an unadjusted mortality hazard ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.0). The unadjusted mortality hazard ratio for study participants with both EDS and SDB (apnea-hypopnea index ≥20 events/h) was 2.7, 95% CI: 1.8-4.2. These findings persisted with an adjusted mortality hazard ratio of 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-3.6 in the final model that included other covariates associated with increased mortality (sleep duration >8.5 h, self-reported angina, male gender, African American race, and age). Conclusion The presence of SDB is an important risk factor for mortality from excessive daytime sleepiness in older adults. In the presence of SDB at an AHI ≥20 events/h, EDS was associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk in older adults, even when adjusting for other significant risk factors, such as prolonged sleep duration. In older patients who had SDB without EDS, or EDS without SDB, there was no increased all-cause mortality rate.
The victim-offender overlap in late adulthood.

This study contributes to the general knowledge of the victim–offender overlap by determining whether the phenomenon exists among older adults and whether known correlates of crime and victimizatio...
Environmental context and contaminant biotransport by Pacific salmon interact to mediate the bioaccumulation of contaminants by stream-resident fish

1. The extent to which environmental context mediates the uptake of biotransported contaminants by stream-resident organisms is not understood. For example, there is no clear understanding of the extent to which contaminant type, instream characteristics, or resident fish identity interact to influence the uptake of contaminants deposited by Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) during their spawning runs. 2. To address this uncertainty, we sampled four stream-resident fish species from 13 watersheds of the Laurentian Great Lakes in locations with and without salmon across a gradient of instream and watershed characteristics. We determined the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and mercury (Hg) concentration along with the stable isotope ratio of C and N for each stream-resident fish. 3. We found that stream-resident fish PCB concentrations were 24-fold higher in reaches with salmon and were positively related to δ15N. In contrast, stream-resident fish Hg concentrations were similar or lower in reaches with salmon and either exhibited a negative or no relationship with δ15N. 4. Based upon AICc, stream-resident fish exhibited species-specific PCB concentrations that were positively related to salmon PCB flux. Hg burdens exhibited an interaction between fish length and salmon Hg flux – as salmon Hg inputs increased, Hg levels decreased with increasing resident fish length. We found no support for models that included the mediating influence of instream or watershed factors. Salmon eggs are enriched in PCBs but have very low Hg concentrations, so our results may be driven by the consumption of salmon eggs by stream-resident fish. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight that contaminants bioaccumulate differently depending on contaminant type, species identity, and the trophic pathway to contamination. Consequently, consideration of the recipient food web and route of exposure is critical to understanding the fate of biotransported contaminants in ecosystems. The transfer of contaminants by migratory organisms represents an understudied stressor in ecology. Effective management of biotransported contaminants will require the delineation of “hot-spots” of biotransport and implementation of best management practices in those watersheds that receive contaminants from spawning salmon.
Fabrication of ultrathin film capacitors by chemical solution deposition

A facile solution-based processing route using standard spin-coating deposition techniques has been developed for the production of reliable capacitors based on lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) with active areas of ⩾1 mm2 and dielectric layer thicknesses down to 50 nm. With careful control of the dielectric phase development through improved processing, ultrathin capacitors exhibited slim ferroelectric hysteresis loops and dielectric constants of >1000, similar to those of much thicker films. Thus, it has been demonstrated that chemical solution deposition is a viable route to the production of capacitor films which are as thin as 50 nm but are still macroscopically addressable with specific capacitance values >160 nF/mm2.
Building Trust, Removing Doubt? Robustness Analysis and Climate Modeling

In this chapter, Odenbaugh first provides a conceptual framework for thinking about climate modeling, specifically focused on general circulation models. Second, he considers what makes models independent of one another. Third, he shows robustness analysis, which depends on models being independent of one another, can be used to remove doubts about idealizations in general climate models. Finally, he considers a dilemma for robustness analysis; namely, it leads to either an infinite regress of idealizations or a complete removal of idealizations. A response to the dilemma is given defending a form of epistemic contextualism and by drawing a distinction between relative and absolute robustness.
RITONAVIR-BASED ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY IS ASSOCIATED WITH A LOWER EJECTION FRACTION AND AN INCREASED RISK FOR DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY AMONG PERSONS LIVING WITH HIV

Persons with HIV are at an increased risk of heart failure (HF). Ritonavir-based therapy (RBT) is associated with an increase in myocardial fibrosis; however, there are no data testing the effect of RBT on clinical outcomes among patients with HF. We retrospectively analyzed 160 people on ART
Some models of error in floating point multiplication

New results are given on error in floating point multiplication. Certain choices of the base minimize the mean multiplicative error. These choices depend on which measure of error is selected. Some measures are included which were not in earlier studies. Some of the results have application to computer design.
Entropy-Balanced Discretionary Accruals

Extant research in accounting raises issues with the specification and power of discretionary accrual measures. We propose entropy balancing, a recently developed matching technique, as a means to improve the measurement of a normal accrual. Entropy balancing identifies weights for each control sample observation such that the distributions of underlying fundamental determinants of accruals are designed to be identical across treatment and control samples. We show that entropy-balanced accruals are well-specified within samples of extreme financial performance, are significantly associated with ex post indicators of earnings management, and, based on simulations, exhibit sufficient power for detecting earnings management. Finally, in contrast to existing discretionary accruals measures, we find that entropy-balanced discretionary accruals are insignificant (significantly positive) in the year of an initial public offering (seasoned equity offering).
Fractional Quantum Hall Effect and Composite Fermions

When a two-dimensional electron system is exposed to a strong transverse magnetic field, it forms a new quantum liquid whose phenomenology rivals superconductivity and superfluidity in its richness and elegance. The investigation of this wonderful mystery has led to the discovery of some of the most profound and unprecedented emergent structures in modern physics. A large body of phenomena associated with this effect are explained by the formation of topological electron vortex-bound states, known as composite fermions, which have also been observed directly. This chapter describes the essential phenomenology of the fractional quantum Hall effect and numerous manifestations of composite fermions. It also mentions some unresolved challenges.
Lexicase Selection with Weighted Shuffle

Semantic-aware methods in genetic programming take into account information about programs’ performances across a set of test cases. Lexicase parent selection, a semantic-aware selection, randomly shuffles the list of test cases and places more emphasis on those test cases that randomly appear earlier in the ordering than those that appear later in the ordering. In this work, we explore methods for weighting this shuffling of test cases to give some test cases more influence over selection than others. We design and test a variety of weighted shuffle algorithms and methods for weighting test cases. In experiments on two program synthesis benchmark problems, we find that none of these methods significantly outperform regular lexicase selection. We analyze these results by examining how each method affects population diversity, and find that those methods that perform much worse also have significantly lower diversity.
X-ray free-electron lasers light up materials science

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are revolutionizing our ability to measure and understand the behaviour of complex materials. A new generation of XFELs is imminent, offering new approaches to materials characterization.
Experiments and simulations of the humidity dependence of friction between nanoasperities and graphite: The role of interfacial contact quality

We use atomic force microscopy and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to study stick-slip friction of tetrahedral amorphous carbon probes sliding against highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) at relative humidities ranging from 1% to near saturation. Friction varies with humidity in a nonmonotonic manner such that water acts as a lubricant only above a threshold humidity; below that threshold, water increases friction substantially relative to dry sliding. Adhesion forces also show a similar nonmonotonic behavior. A nonmonotonic dependence of friction and adhesion on humidity for single-asperity interfaces has previously been attributed to the humidity-dependent adhesion force due to the water meniscus that forms at the contact, which is presumed to increase the solid-solid contact area. However, our simulations show no such increase in solid-solid contact area, but do show a small, continuous increase in tip-sample separation as humidity increases. Experimentally, no significant change in lateral stiffness is observed with humidity. All of this contradicts the hypothesis that the friction increase is due solely to capillary adhesion increasing the contact area. We show that water molecules are present between the tip and sample in increasing numbers as the humidity increases. From this, we attribute the nonmonotonic friction trend to the changing quality of the contact between the water and the substrate, quantified by the number of water molecules in the interface and their registry with the HOPG surface atoms, which in simulations also shows a nonmonotonic trend with humidity. Hysteresis observed in the variation of friction with humidity in both experiments and simulations is explained by the larger energy barrier for surface desorption of water molecules compared to adsorption.
Revisiting atelectasis in lung units with low ventilation/perfusion ratios.

Breathing high concentrations of oxygen increases the likelihood of atelectasis because of oxygen absorption, which is thought to be inevitable in regions with relatively low ventilation/perfusion ...
Post-Psychiatry Residency Career Choice: Current Trends

Of 203 psychiatry residency directors surveyed in 1988 about the career choices of graduates, 97 (48%) usable responses represented 1,403 residents. Results were compared to previous surveys (1968–1972 and 1978–1979). The prior increase in post-residency fellowships (from 4% in 1968–1972 to 17% in 1978–1979) has leveled off (16.4% in 1988). Fewer residents chose academic psychiatry (9.7% in 1988 versus 26% in 1978–1979); more are entering hospital-based psychiatry (22.8% in 1988 versus 14% in 1978–1979). The proportions choosing private practice (28.7%) and community psychiatry (10%) are unchanged compared to 1978–1979. These findings reflect a departure from forecast expectations.
Entrepreneurs’ Cognitive Interpretations as Drivers of Small Firm Growth Intentions

Research on venture growth has long been an important area of inquiry in the entrepreneurship literature. This study seeks to extend scholarly understanding in this area by examining the role entre...
Disaster resilience as communication practice: remembering and forgetting lessons from past disasters through practices that prepare for the next one

Communities learn important lessons about their vulnerabilities from disasters. A crucial aspect of resilience is how communities apply past lessons to prepare for future events. We use a practice ...
Barriers to prescribing glucose-lowering therapies with cardiometabolic benefits

Background The adoption of 2 classes of new diabetes medications, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), has been slow in the United States despite their cardiovascular benefits in addition to their glucose-lowering effect. The objective of this study was to identify providers' perspectives about prescribing GLP1RA and SGLT2i. Methods In this survey study, a questionnaire was administered between May 17, 2018, and June 11, 2018, in a large academic health care system. Ninety providers who practice in endocrinology, primary care, or cardiology responded the questionnaire, with a 36.3% response rate. The questionnaire explored knowledge, comfort level, beliefs, perceived barriers, and hypothetical clinical decisions about prescribing GLP1RA and SGLT2i. Results Findings suggested a division of views from endocrinology and primary care providers versus cardiology providers. More than 88% of endocrinology providers and about 50% of primary care providers prescribed GLP1RA or SGLT2i at least 6 times a year, whereas less than 7% of cardiology providers prescribed either medication. All endocrinology providers, approximately 78% of primary care providers, and only 21% of cardiology providers were very comfortable or comfortable in all 4 knowledge aspects about GLP1RA and SGLT2i. Major barriers to prescribing GLP1RA and SGLT2i for endocrinology and primary care providers were cost and nonapproved prior authorizations, yet the top 3 reported barriers for cardiology providers were lack of knowledge about these medications, concerns of introducing confusion into diabetes care, and discomfort of prescribing diabetes medications. Conclusions Barriers to prescribing GLP1RA or SGLT2i are unique for endocrinology, primary care, and cardiology providers. Given the cardiovascular benefits of these medications, this study suggests specific areas and potential opportunities for clinicians to improve care for patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Learning Networking by Reproducing Research Results

Reproducing research is key to continued scientific progress, especially in fields that are engineering- and application-focused. In the past eight years, the graduate computer networking course at Stanford University has asked students to reproduce research results for a different reason: to teach students engineering rigor and critical thinking-qualities that are essential for careers in networking research and industry. In this talk, I share our experience with teaching over 500 students the art of reproducing results from over 50 networking papers. Over the past eight years, we have observed through many anecdotes that the process of reproducing research can both teach much-needed skills and provide students with a means to contribute to the networking community. I will close by discussing how to teach the importance of reproducibility through project-based learning and how to implement this project in different computing fields.
Wastewater Virus Detection Complements Clinical COVID-19 Testing to Limit Spread of Infection at Kenyon College

In-person college instruction during the 2020 pandemic required effective and economical monitoring of COVID-19 prevalence. Kenyon College and the Village of Gambier conducted measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the village wastewater plant and from an on-campus sewer line. Wastewater RNA detection revealed virus prevalence leading to individual testing and case identification. Wastewater surveillance also showed when case rates had subsided, thus limiting the need for individual clinical testing. Overall, wastewater virus surveillance allows more targeted use of individual testing and increases community confidence in student population management.
Outcomes of first-generation versus third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases (NSCLCBM).

2031Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of brain metastases, with 10-30% of patients developing brain metastases. EGFR is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is mu...
Pharmaceuticals and alkylphenols in transplanted Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas): Spatial variation and growth effects.

Abstract Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater discharge can be stressors to estuarine species. We transplanted juvenile Pacific oysters at varying distances within sites near wastewater treatment plant outfalls or oyster aquaculture control sites to assess small scale spatial variation in contaminant uptake and oyster condition. Oysters were transplanted to sites in Coos and Netarts Bays, Oregon and Grays Harbor, Washington, then collected after 9 and 12 months. Two pharmaceuticals (miconazole and virginiamycin M1) were detected in spring samples and four alkylphenols (NP1EO, NP2EO, NP and OP) were detected in summer samples, with more frequent detections at wastewater sites. Contaminant concentrations were similar across site types, indicating that even in sparsely populated coastal areas (
Control-oriented Mechatronic Design and Data Analytics for Quality-assured Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing has seen widespread use with unique advantages in achievable part complexity and processable materials. However, greater applications of this technique remain hindered by insufficient assurance of part quality. A major barrier to such long-felt but not fully realized quality assurance rises from challenges in sensing and control in presence of multi-scale laser-material interactions. This paper presents the design of a full-scale, fully accessible polymer laser powder bed fusion testbed with tailored mechatronic designs for in-situ monitoring and controls. We validated these designs in 3D printing of nylon powders. Along this process, we (1) propose a multi-zone heating algorithm for controlling powder bed temperature and verify its advantages over single-loop control (2) develop a data processing infrastructure that extracts process signatures and filters measurement noises.
Race, Racism and Administrative Callousness: Using Critical Race Theory for a Race-Conscious Public Administration

This special symposium examines CRT across public and nonprofit spaces to better understand the effects of denying race and racism within the spaces they govern. Although ever present across public...
Crystal structure of bis-(N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino)-tris-ulfane.

The title compound, C14H16N2S3, crystallized with two independent mol­ecules [(1a) and (1b)] in the asymmetric unit. Both mol­ecules display a pseudo-trans conformation. The two consecutive S—S bond lengths of the tris­ulfane unit of mol­ecule (1a) are 2.06 (3) and 2.08 (3) A, and 2.08 (3) and 2.07 (2) A for mol­ecule (1b). Torsion angles about each of the two S—S bonds are 86.6 (2) and 87.0 (2)° for (1a), and −84.6 (2) and −85.9 (2)° for (1b). The core atoms, viz. the N—S—S—S—N moiety, of the two mol­ecules superimpose well if one is inverted on the other, but the phenyl groups do not. Thus, the two units are essentially conformational enanti­omers. In mol­ecule (1a), the two phenyl rings are inclined to one another by 86.7 (3)°, and in mol­ecule (1b), by 81.1 (3)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯π inter­actions, forming sheets lying parallel to (010).
EXTRAMEDULLARY INTRADURAL SPINAL TUMORS: A REVIEW OF MODERN DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OPTIONS AND A REPORT OF A SERIES.

Extramedullary intradural spinal tumors are rare. Less than 15% of all central nervous system (CNS) tumors are spinal. Ninety percent of these patients are older than 20 years. Most of spinal tumors are extradural (50-55%) whereas 40-45% are intradural. Furthermore, 5% are intramedullary and 40% are extramedullary. Most common are Schwannomas (29%), followed by meningiomas (25%) and gliomas (22%). These tumors produce pain syndromes, a variety of neurological symptoms- motor, sensory, sphincter or a combination of thereof. All spinal levels may be involved. The diagnostics includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including contrast enhancement, computerizing tomography (CT) scanning (bone windows with reconstruction) and possibly CT myelograms. Preferred treatment is the microsurgical radical resection. Perioperative mortality is very low as is serious morbidity.We herein discuss various aspects of presenting symptomatology, diagnostics, preoperative planning and tactics, surgical treatment and complications. In addition, we include our own retrospective experience with 14 patients treated over the 5.5 years time interval.
The protein distribution of gastric juice electrophoresis; a distinctive pattern in pernicious anemia and achlorhydria.

Knowledge of components of gastric juice had been limited until recently to electrolytes and to qualitative studies on pepsin, cathepsin, rennin, lysozyme, in­ trinsic factor, and specific blood group substance. The development during the last 10 years of improved methods for separating the larger molecula r components has resulted in a number of attempts to quantitate and characterize the proteins and polysaccharides found in gastric juice.1-9 Varied distributions of protein have been reported, apparently depending upon the different methods of study applied (zone or boundary electrophoresis, chromatography, salting out techniques). The quantitation as well as the nature and function of these components remains to a larger extent un­ resolved. It is the purpose of this communication to describe: 1. A method for starch zone electro­ phoresis, using a microassay for protein adequate to permit quantitative protein separation with 6 to 10 ml. of natural un­ concentrated gastric juice. 2. Patterns of protein distribution in normal and disease states such as peptic ulcer and pernicious anemia. 3. A distinctive large molecular com­ ponent found only in the gastric juice of patients with gastric anacidity with or without pernicious anemia. Methods Ten h('althy subjects and 16 patients with peptic uicer, pernicious anemia, or achlorhydria \\ere intubated, while in the fasting state, with 11 Levin tube and were urged not to swallow saliva
Scheduling parallelizable imprecise computations on multiprocessors

In a real-time application that supports imprecise computation, each task is logically composed of a hard task and a soft task. The hard task must be completed before its deadline. The soft task is an optional task which may not be executed to completion, if insufficient computational resources are available. In the presented model, each task may be parallelized and executed on multiple processors with a multiprocessing overhead which is assumed to be a linear function of the degree of parallelism. It is shown that the problem of time allocation in such a real-time application can be formulated and solved as a linear programming problem. An algorithm is given for constructing a multiprocessor schedule from the linear programming solution. This algorithm guarantees the multiprocessing overhead generated in the multiprocessor schedule not to exceed a linear upper bound. >
PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTION | Paleodroughts and Society

Paleoclimatic data provide a longer temporal perspective on drought variability prior to the era of systematic instrumental record keeping. Reconstructions of past drought reveal that such events have been more frequent and at higher magnitudes at particular times in the past. This article provides an overview of how different paleoclimatic proxies are used to reconstruct past drought at different timescales, emphasizing high-resolution studies with annual to decadal resolution, referring to examples from North America within the Holocene. It also provides overviews on modeling of paleodroughts as well as on case studies of past drought impacts on society.
Robust active damping of vibration systems with uncertainties

A novel state space method has been developed and reported by the authors for designing robust control laws for general nonlinear systems. In the present work, this new method is successfully applied to active damping of vibration systems in the presence of uncertain inputs.
State nullification of switched systems by linear output feedback

We study the possibility to steer the state of a single-input single-output linear switched system to the origin in finite time by output feedback with finite memory. We show that if the system is in a controller canonical form, a causal state nullifying controller exists. We also show that, generically, only acausal feedback can achieve state nullification.
Mechanism of D-cycloserine action: transport mutants for D-alanine, D-cycloserine, and glycine.

The accumulation of d-alanine and the accumulation of glycine in Escherichia coli are related and appear to be separate from the transport of l-alanine. The analysis of four d-cycloserine-resistant mutants provides additional support for this conclusion. The first-step mutant from E. coli K-12 that is resistant to d-cycloserine was characterized by the loss of the high-affinity line segment of the d-alanine-glycine transport system in the Lineweaver-Burk plot. This mutation, which is linked to the met1 locus, also resulted in the loss of the ability to transport d-cycloserine. The second-step mutation that is located 0.5 min from the first-step mutation resulted in the loss of the low-affinity line segment for the d-alanine-glycine transport system. The transport of l-alanine was decreased only 20 to 30% in each of these mutants. A multistep mutant from E. coli W that is 80-fold resistant to d-cycloserine lost >90% of the transport activity for d-alanine and glycine, whereas 75% of the transport activity for l-alanine was retained. E. coli W could utilize either d- or l-alanine as a carbon source, whereas the multistep mutant could only utilize l-alanine. Thus, a functioning transport system for d-alanine and glycine is required for both d-cycloserine action and growth on d-alanine.
Placement of Light Splitters and Wavelength Converters for Efficient Multicast in All-Optical WDM Networks

This paper studies the problem of light splitter placement (LSP) and wavelength converter placement (WCP) in all-optical WDM networks to enable optimal provisioning of static and dynamic traffic through efficient photonic multicast connections. To solve the LSP-WCP problem under static traffic provisioning, an Integer Linear Programming model is formulated to achieve the optimal solution in the sense that the total number of wavelength channels required by the multicast requests is minimized. To solve the LSP-WCP problem under dynamic traffic provisioning, a complementary-combined LSP-WCP heuristic is proposed to minimize the multicast traffic blocking probability, and is proved through extensive simulations.