cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMU filter settings for high intensity activities.

Abstract Background Recommendations for cut-off frequencies for inertial measurement units (IMU) are either based on marker-based motion analysis or based on low intensity activities. The selection of filter cut-off frequencies can impact the extracted variables from the filtered signal. There are no recommendations for IMU filter settings when collecting biomechanical data of high intensity activities. Research question What are appropriate IMU cut-off frequency filter settings for high intensity activities? Methods Ten unimpaired participants were studied during controlled postural perturbations using a microprocessor-controlled treadmill. Disturbances were delivered in forward and backward directions and incrementally increased in both directions until the participant was unable to maintain an upright posture and the trial resulted in a fall. An IMU was placed on their sternum to obtain trunk sagittal kinematics. Custom code was implemented to estimate trunk angle, angular velocity, and linear acceleration about the flexion-extension axis in the trunk IMU coordinate system. The three trials that resulted in falls in each direction for each participant (60 total trials) were analysed. These trials were limited to 500 msec of the disturbance period. The cut-off frequency was calculated for trunk kinematics using 99 percent of the energy spectrum (E99). Results The trunk flexion angle (4 ± 4 Hz) and linear acceleration (35 ± 10 Hz) cut-off frequencies agreed with previously reported values. The cut-off frequency for trunk flexion angular velocity (26 ± 7 Hz) was higher than values previously reported. Significance Selection of cut-off frequency should be based on segment accelerations and not simply activity or segment of interest. Deliberate selection and reporting of filter settings in biomechanics research will improve data quality, reliability of inferences, and reproducibility of studies.
Trends in Psychiatric Inpatient Care in the United States

In the United States, the major policy efforts over the last twenty years have been towards deinstitutionalization and the development of outpatient care, particularly through the community mental health centers. For example, there were 12 times as many outpatient episodes in 1975 as in 1955.
The Boundary Region of the Geomagnetic Field

This paper is intended to provide a summary of the reports of observations obtained to date in the boundary region of the geomagnetic field. These observations are of three basic types measurements of the magnetic fields, plasma measurements, and measurements of energetic corpuscular radiation. Since the region of interest is defined by the characteristics of its magnetic field, magnetometer measurements are discussed first. Second, the Soviet and U.S. measurements of plasma are reviewed. Finally, from measurements of energetic particle fluxes, an attempt is made to deduce the extent of the boundary region at times when it was traversed by vehicles which carried detectors for corpuscular radiation but no magnetometers.
An atypical case of fatal zygomycosis : Simultaneous cutaneous and laryngeal infection in a patient with a non-neutropenic solid prostatic tumor

We describe what we believe is the first reported case of simultaneous highly invasive cutaneous and laryngopharyngeal zygomycosis in a non-neutropenic, nondiabetic but immunosuppressed patient with prostate cancer. An invasive fungal process was not suspected until late in the patient's hospital course; when it was, a tracheotomy and direct laryngoscopic biopsies were performed. Unresectable invasive zygomycosis with Rhizopus rhizopodiformis was diagnosed. The patient was managed with liposomal amphotericin B initially and later with palliative medical therapy until he died. This case emphasizes the need for a rapid and specific diagnosis with timely introduction of appropriate antifungal management, particularly now that voriconazole is frequently used as empiric prophylaxis against aspergillosis in high-risk patients.
Occult Collections and Mysterious Coincidences at Rutgers

Gorder’s article is based on her experience as the curator of the exhibition and as a articipant in the June 23, 2014 internationalcolloquium held in the Alexander Library, “The Soldier and theSeer: J. F. C. Fuller, Aleister Crowley, and the British Occult Revival" related to the occult collections at Rutgers. The conference was appropriately held in the Alexander Library, the home of SpecialCollections and University Archives. Her article also reflects her keen knowledge of the archives at Rutgers from which she unearthed information about Fairweather, J. F. C. Fuller, and John Hammond, who was an assistant dean at Rutgers, a contemporary of Fairweather, and a notorious wild child of a famous occultcommune. Gorder speculates on a series of mysterious coincidences that has made Rutgers an inadvertent source for occult studies.
Dietary Folate Requirement Determined for Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

Juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, were fed semipurified basal diets containing 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 4.0 or 10.0 mg/kg of folic acid or 10 g/kg of succinylsulfathiazole in aquaria for 15 wk. Fish fed the sulfonamide showed higher mortality, lower weight gain, lower thrombocyte counts, higher hemocytoblast and neutrophil counts, and lower liver folate concentrations than did control fish (0 folic acid), indicating that significant intestinal bacterial synthesis of folate occurs in channel catfish. There were positive quadratic regressions of weight gain, hematocrit, erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers, and positive linear regressions of plasma and liver folate on dietary folic acid concentrations. Broken-line analysis showed that the dietary requirements for folic acid for optimum weight gain, hematocrit, and erythrocyte and leukocyte numbers were 1.01, 1.17, 1.12 and 1.15 mg/kg, respectively. Plasma and liver concentrations of folate associated with normal growth and hematopoiesis were 22.9 nmol/L and 20.0 nmol/g, respectively. Ratios of leukocytes and lymphocytes to erythrocytes were maximal in fish fed 4.0 mg folic acid/kg, indicating that immunocompetence may increase as the dietary dose exceeds that required for normal growth. Anemia in folate-deficient channel catfish was characterized by pale livers, spleens, gills and kidneys, and by poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, pyknosis, cytoplasmic clearing, increased numbers of hemocytoblasts, macrocytosis, and binucleated erythrocytes or "spectacle" cells.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of [15N]ammonia enrichment in blood and urine

Abstract A rapid gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for [ 15 N]ammonia analysis is deseribed which is based on the formation of [ 15 N]glutamic acid from ammonia and analysis of isotopic abundance in the N -trifluoroacetyl- n -butylester glutamate derivative. Mean recovery of [ 15 N]ammonia added to either plasma or urine was greater than 99% with a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. The method can be applied to the determination of extremely low levels of ammonia through an isotope dilution technique. The [ 15 N]ammonia abundance of blood and urine was determined in an adult following on oral dose (500 mg) of 15 NH 4 Cl. A peak isotopic abundance of 13 atoms% excess was reached by 30 min. Urinary excretion of [ 15 N]ammonia during the first 4 h after administration of the isotope amounted to 4.1% of the isotope administered.
Antibody responses and protection stimulated by sequential oral-parenteral immunization of mice with rotavirus.

Antibody responses and protection against shedding following oral challenge with murine rotavirus (EDIM) were determined in mice after sequential oral–parenteral immunization. Oral immunization of 4-day-old BALB/c mice with live, heterologous rotavirus (RRV) stimulated serum rotavirus IgG but little serum or intestinal rotavirus IgA and small but significant (P<0.001) reductions in EDIM shedding. Intraperitoneal immunization with inactivated EDIM at 29 days of age had similar effects. Sequential oral–parenteral immunization under these conditions stimulated small but significant (P<0.001) increases in both rotavirus IgG and IgA titers and reduced shedding (P<0.001) compared to individual immunizations. However, these responses were essentially additive, indicative of separate inductive/effector sites for mucosal and systemic immunity.
Preference for coresidence among older Latinos

Abstract Using data from older Latinos who live alone, this article empirically evaluates a conceptual model of the determinants of living arrangements preferences. National origin heritage operates directly on the preference for coresidence and partly through acculturation, the opportunities for coresidence and economic and noneconomic resources. The demonstrable variation in preference for coresidence among older Latinos underlies, in part, observed differences in actual living arrangement outcomes. Theoretical and policy implications of the finding that the overwhelming majority of older Latinos who live alone prefer it to coresidence are discussed.
Experimental Study of Acoustic Velocity Effects on Simulated Solid Fuel Pyrolysis

An experimental study of the effect of acoustic velocity oscillations on solid fuel pyrolysis, modeled using dry ice sublimation, was performed. Use of dry ice as a solid fuel simulant allows the fluid mechanics of the problem to be separated from the combustion process. The experimental facility was designed to model solid waste pyrolysis in an acoustically excited incinerator. Dry ice was placed in a rectangular chamber in which resonant acoustic oscillations could be driven. A mean flow of air entered from one end of the chamber, and exhaust was removed from the opposite end. Flow visualization indicated that the mass transport near the dry ice surface was greatly increased when velocity oscillations were present. When the dry ice was positioned at an acoustic velocity antinode of a 160-dB standing oscillation, the sublimation rate was nearly 60% greater than without oscillation. For the conditions studied, the effects of velocity oscillations at a constant amplitude became greater as the mean velocity was increased. Comparison of the sublimation rates measured with dry ice located at acoustic velocity and pressure antinodes shows that, at constant amplitude, acoustic velocity oscillations have a much greater effect on the sublimation rate than pressure oscillations.
Practical Research for the Solution-Focused Practitioner: A Follow-Up to Wheeler’s Article on Quick and Dirty Research

In a recent article in this journal, Wheeler (2014) encouraged practitioners to engage in practical research illustrated by some of his experiences. In addition, he encouraged a movement from evidence-based practice to practice-based evidence. The purpose of this article is to amplify some of the points made in that article with particular attention to (a) guidelines for practical research for the clinician, and (b) a clarification of the distinctions between evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence. In the first part of this article, practitioners are encouraged to engage in research that adheres to fundamental principles of science without becoming obsessed with technical perfection. In this pursuit, the practitioner can partner with experts who could be technical consultants while the process of study is under the leadership of the practitioner. In the second part of this article, solution-focused practice is discussed in regard to distinctions between practice-based evidence and two different ways of conceptualizing evidence-based practice. The evidence on solution-focused practice makes its use consistent with both of the views of evidence-based practice and with the perspective of practice-based evidence.
Structure and electrochemical behavior of a flavin sulfide monolayer adsorbed on gold

The electrochemical behavior and structure of monolayers of the synthetic flavin 10-(3′-methylthiopropyl)-isoalloxazinyl-7-carboxylic acid adsorbed on gold is reported. The redox behavior of the compound is quasi-reversible. The surface concentration is estimated to be 1.5×10−10 mol cm−2. An electron transfer rate constant of 340 s−1 is estimated for the cathodic process and a value of 540 s−1 is estimated for the anodic process. The reduction potential of the monolayer is found to shift with pH as expected for a 2e−, 2H+ process. The monolayers have also been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and low voltage field emission secondary electron microscopy (LVFESEM). The most likely orientation would have the long axis parallel to the surface with the carboxyl group exposed to the solution. A comparison of the C1s XPS spectra at glancing and normal emission indicates that the carboxyl group is at the film surface. The LVFESEM images indicate that the molecules pack in domains that do not follow the topology of the gold grains. Semi-quantitative examination of the micrographs shows that 10–15% of the gold surface is uncovered. The bare gold substrate catalyzes the oxidation of NADH; the presence of the flavin film reduces the observed catalysis by the gold substrate.
The tetrodotoxin-insensitive sodium current in rat dorsal root ganglia is unlikely to involve the expression of the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel, SkM2

Tetrodotoxin-insensitive (TTX-I) sodium currents have been recorded from newborn and adult rat sensory neurons, but the sodium channel gene(s) responsible for the TTX-I current are unknown. Because SkM2, one of six voltage-sensitive sodium channel genes cloned from rat, encodes the only cloned channel that is relatively resistant to tetrodotoxin, we sought to test whether the TTX-I current in rat sensory neurons is due to the SkM2 channel. We hypothesized that the TTX-I current might be generated from (1) an RNA splicing variant of SkM2, (2) post-translational modification of the SkM2 protein, or (3) interaction with alternate additional channel subunits. SkM2 mRNA expression was examined in newborn rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by RNase protection assay. No SkM2 expression was detected. Therefore, we conclude that the TTX-I sodium current in DRG is unlikely to result from the expression of the SkM2 gene.
Pore structure characterization of composite membranes

Abstract Composite membranes, which consist of a thin fine-pored film (for separations with low transport resistance) on a substrate with one or more layers with larger pores (for mechanical strength), offer a particularly cumbersome or difficult pore structure analysis problem. Since the thickness of the film is usually less than 1 % that of the substrate, the specific pore volume associated with the pore region of practical interest, the film, is difficult to analyze by conventional methods such as nitrogen condensation and mercury porosimetry. Often, unsupported films are used for pore analysis and the structure of the film on the porous substrate is inferred. NMR spin-lattice relaxation measurements at 20 MHz and 303 K on water in a saturated alumina composite membrane resulted in only the substrate's pore size distribution. However, by changing the water content such that the pores in the film were saturated and only adsorbed water was in the large pores of the substrate, accurate pore size information was obtained for a supported film even though the pore volume of the film was less than 0.5% of the volume in the substrate. The pore size distribution for the supported film was significantly different from that for an unsupported film made from the same alumina sol.
Endovascular Therapy for Vasculogenic Erectile Dysfunction

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is an important clinical condition that affects a significant proportion of men. Although there are many etiologies for ED, many cases have a vascular basis that is related to inadequate arterial inflow, veno-occlusive dysfunction, or abnormalities in smooth muscle (cavernosal tissue) relaxation. These vascular abnormalities can exist in isolation or combination. Since the advent of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i) therapy, the initial management of ED in most cases consists of a brief medical evaluation followed by a trial of PDE5i therapy. However, up to 50% of men have an inadequate response to PDE5i therapy and discontinue therapy. Subsequent therapies for ED are increasingly invasive, including penile injection of vasodilators, vacuum pumps, and penile implants. With increased awareness of ED among clinicians and the growing mechanistic link between ED and atherosclerotic vascular disease, there has been renewed interest in the diagnosis and management of arteriogenic ED. Prior reports in the 1980s described the existence of arterial inflow lesions in patients with ED, and there are a modest number of reports describing the feasibility of revascularization with balloon angioplasty. Despite initial clinical success, enthusiasm for this technique waned, presumably because ED frequently recurred due to restenosis and lack of small vessel endovascular therapies. Recent investigation and the availability of newer tools such as drug-eluting stents have renewed interest in this field. Although conceptually attractive, endovascular therapy for ED presents significant challenges related to unanswered questions such as the prevalence and appropriate diagnostic evaluation of arteriogenic ED, and the safety and feasibility of stent-based therapies in this population. In addition, the evaluation, management, and follow-up of patients with vascular ED require a multi-disciplinary team with specialists in urology, sexual medicine, and vascular medicine. Despite these challenges, the potential for endovascular treatment of these patients remains one of the most exciting areas of investigation in vascular medicine.
Effects of Temperature and Photoperiod on Reproduction of Female Yellow Perch Perca flavescens: Plasma Concentrations of Steroid Hormones, Spontaneous and Induced Ovulation, and Quality of Eggs

The involvement of photoperiod and temperature in the regulation of reproductive processes was investigated in female yellow perch. Initially, all fish kept indoors were exposed to the same water temperature (22°C) and photoperiod (15L:9D). By the end of August, following the first sampling, fish were submitted to different photothermal regimes. Group A3 was maintained under photothermal conditions characteristic for southern Ohio. Group B3 was submitted to a condensed light/temperature regime designed to accelerate photothermal changes. The mean gonadosomatic index in group A3 gradually increased throughout the experiment. Gonadosomatic index in group A3 was higher than that in group B3 from February through April. The highest plasma concentrations of estradiol in group A3 occurred in November and December and exceeded those in group B3. Plasma concentrations of testosterone in group A3 were highest in December and tended to be higher in October and April than in other months. There was no difference in plasma testosterone between groups A3 and B3 except in March when concentrations of this androgen were extremely high in group B3. Ovulation occurred earlier in B regime fish in comparison to that of A regime fish. However, egg quality of fish from regime B was lower than that of fish from regime A. We conclude that the condensed photothermal cycle is not an entirely effective method of inducing out-of-season spawning in female yellow perch. These data suggest that although the compression of the photothermal cycle slightly accelerated spawning, it also caused disturbances in patterns and levels of plasma steroids, diminished ovarian and hepatic growth, and reduced the quality of eggs. Thus, temperature and/or photoperiod may have only a modifying effect on the onset of perch spawning, but these environmental cues seem to markedly influence earlier stages of gonadal growth and development.
Assessment of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Contractility Using Micropost Arrays

Cardiovascular stem cell therapies have shown increasing promise as a potential therapeutic means for reversing the effects of a myocardial infarction [1]. Out of the currently available sources of human stem cells, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are very promising in that: the number of cell lines that can be induced to the pluripotent state is extremely vast, they serve as a potential source for patient-specific cardiomyocytes, and their use is non-controversial. However, before they can be used feasibly in a clinical setting, the functional engraftment of these cells into the host tissue must be improved [2]. It is hypothesized that the structural and functional maturity of the stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes prior to implantation, may significantly affect the ability of these cells to engraft with resident heart tissue [3]. One of the most important functional characteristics of a cardiomyocyte is its ability to produce contractile forces. However, assessing the contractile properties of single iPS-CMs is a difficult task. iPS-CMs generally have relatively unorganized cytoskeletons, with stress fibers in multiple directions. This trait renders one or two-point force assays ineffectual in determining total cell forces. Furthermore, iPS-CMs don’t spread well on tissue culture surfaces, which make two-dimensional force measurements almost impossible.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Free energy, internal fields and ionic polarizibilities in BaTiO3

Abstract The electronic and ionic polarizations and the ionic polarizibilities of BaTiO 3 are calculated allowing for the atomic displacements found from neutron diffraction data. The internal Lorentz fields are found at the displaced atomic sites. In addition S later 's method for deriving the free energy from an ionic potential function is extended to include terms of the sixth power in the displacement of the ions. The resulting free energy function for a clamped crystal is compared with the experimentally derived function for the free crystal by reducing the latter to the former by means of relations between the clamped and free coefficients. From this comparison the coefficients a , b 1 and b 2 , in S later 's notation and the additional coefficients of the sixth power terms of the ionic potential have been calculated for several cases. It is concluded that the model considered gives qualitative agreement with experiment, and quantitative agreement to the order of accuracy of the approximation.
Extended message passing algorithm for inference in loopy Gaussian graphical models

Abstract We consider message passing for probabilistic inference in undirected Gaussian graphical models. We show that for singly connected graphs, message passing yields an algorithm that is equivalent to the application of Gaussian elimination to the solution of a particular system of equations. This relation provides a natural way of extending message passing to arbitrary graphs with loops by first studying the operations required by Gaussian elimination. We thus obtain a finite time convergent algorithm that solves the inference problem exactly and whose complexity grows gradually with the “distance” of the graph to a tree. This algorithm can be implemented in a distributed fashion at nodes through message passing, as for example in sensor networks.
Modeling and verification of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear in multi-directional sliding

Abstract In a separate paper in this volume, the authors have discovered that the total wear of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMWPE) polyethylene moving along a circular path is directly proportional to the number of motion cycles and independent of the sliding distance per cycle. This is in conflict with common tribological principles particularly the Archard Equation that states that wear is proportional to load and sliding distance. The authors have also discovered that when the wear rate is defined as the volume loss per unit sliding distance (mm3/mm) rather than volume loss per cycle (mm3/cycle) it is directly proportional to the curvature (k) or the inverse of the sliding circle radius (1/r). Curvature is the mathematical equivalence to “cross-shear”. The present study attempts to quantify the effects of the “cross-shear” motion, sliding distance, load and contact area on the wear of UHMWPE both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical approach starts with a single postulate that wear is proportional to the frictional work input multiplied by a “cross-shear” factor—sliding path curvature. For an UHMWPE with a nominal contact area A moving along a circular path l (l=2πr, r is the radius or 1/r is the curvature) under a normal load W, the volumetric wear rate per cycle of motion (ΔV/N) is then deduced, which follows a simple equation: ΔV/N=KW2/3A1/3or ΔV=KW2/3A1/3N. A comprehensive set of experiments were carried out on a hip joint simulator with UHMWPE having different nominal contact areas (A) and under different peak loads (W). The relationship between wear rate and contact area and load was verified with near-perfect accuracy.
Antibiotic Produced by Fusarium equiseti NRRL 5537

Fusarium equiseti NRRL 5537 grown on an autoclaved white corn grit medium for 3 to 4 weeks at room temperature produced a substance in excess of 5 g/kg of substrate that inhibited some gram-positive bacteria including mycobacteria. Most Bacillus subtilis, Mycobacterium phlei, and Staphylococcus aureus strains were inhibited when 1 mug of the antibiotic per ml was incorporated into the culture medium. Except for Neisseria perflava, gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and molds were not inhibited by 128 mug/ml. The antibiotic was recovered as a white powder, had a melting point of 65 to 66 C, and had an intraperitoneal mean lethal dose in white mice of 63 mg/kg of body weight. In thin-layer chromatographic analysis the compound appeared as a single spot in two different solvent systems. Mass spectrometry determined that the molecular weight of the antibiotic was 373 with a molecular formula of C(22)H(31)NO(4). Chemical microanalysis was in accord with the formula.
Effects of environmental salinity and of hormones on urinary bladder function in the euryhaline teleost, Gillichthys mirabilis

Abstract Gillichthys mirabilis was found to acclimate successfully to salinities varying from 5 to 200% seawater. Water permeability of the bladder increased with increased environmental salinity, but the rate of sodium transport did not change significantly. Bovine, porcine, and teleostean ( Tilapia ) growth hormones did not affect water movement by the bladders of Gillichthys adapted to 5% seawater. Human growth hormone reduced water permeability significantly, presumably owing to its inherent prolactin activity. Cortisol and triiodothyronine had no effect, alone or in combinations. Thus, hormones possibly involved in seawater adaptation failed to alter water movement in the Gillichthys bladder.
CD154 variants associated with hyper-IgM syndrome can form oligomers and trigger CD40-mediated signals.

X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome is a rare immunodeficiency disorder resulting from mutations in the gene encoding the CD40 ligand (CD154) molecule. These mutations are very heterogeneous, ranging from a single point mutation to a large deletion in the open reading frame. To investigate the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the functional defect of these mutants, we examined the biochemical properties of 14 hyper-IgM-related CD154 mutant proteins produced by transient expression in COS7 cells. We show that deletion mutants lacking a significant portion of the tumor necrosis factor homologous domain cannot be stably produced. In contrast, point mutants can be detected as oligomers. Surprisingly, gene products of two point mutants, Thr-211 → Asp and Met-36 → Arg, can bind to the receptor, CD40. For Thr-211 → Asp variant, it is comparable to the wild-type protein in its surface expression level, biochemical structure, and functional activities. Thus, it appears that this mutation is a polymorphism of CD154 gene. For Met-36 → Arg variant, although it is interactive with CD40, it has a much lower surface expression level than wild-type protein. We propose that Met-36 → Arg mutant represents a prototype of a defective CD154 family whose low cell surface expression of intrinsically active protein is simply insufficient to trigger productive signals through CD40.
ACIDIC ABSORBATE INTEGRAL TO OSMOREGULATION

![Figure][1] Think you know all there is to know about marine teleost fish osmoregulation? Well, you might want to think again. You may be familiar with the fact that marine fish continuously drink seawater to counteract their constant water loss to the environment - a consequence of the
Planned reduction of incarcerated groin hernias with hernia sac laparoscopy.

Laparoscopic techniques have been described as adjuncts in the management of acutely incarcerated groin hernias, with the intention of reducing operative morbidity and patients discomfort. However, the use of laparoscopy in acute incarcerations, as well as its appropriateness, remains to be elucidated. Herein we discuss the use of hernia sac laparoscopy in the algorithm of managing incarcerated groin hernias. Five patients presenting with small bowel obstruction secondary to incarcerated groin hernias underwent surgical reduction of the hernia followed by hernia sac laparoscopy. The purpose of hernia sac laparoscopy was to determine the viability of the incarcerated bowel segment based on color, peristalsis, and venous congestion. When bowel resection was required, a separate incision was made after repair of the hernia. Bowel viability was assessed accurately with this method. Although hemorrhagic fluid in the hernia sac was noted in three patients, only one patient required a limited exploration through a separate incision for nonviable bowel. Postoperative recovery was standard, with no morbidity or mortality. Patients were discharged in 2–5 days. Hernia sac laparoscopy, without additional trocar placements, is a safe adjunct for determining the viability of the incarcerated bowel segment. This method reduces the need for laparotomy so long as the reduced incarcerated segment meets the criteria for viability. Videoscopic inspection potentially offers additional information, such as the existence of ascites and peritoneal tumors.
Nontraditional and Traditional Student Persisters and Nonpersisters in the Community and Technical College

A study was conducted with Community and Technical College students enrolled at the University of Akron, a major urban university, during the 1978-1979 academic year. Students were divided into traditional and nontraditional persisters and nonpersisters, and if they were placed on academic probation, they were removed from the study. These students were given modified National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) questionnaires for program completers and noncompleters. The questions tested for varying degrees of satisfaction with the University and reasons for withdrawal concerning various academic, socioeconomic, and environmental press variables. In addition, selected demographic variables from the student masterfile were tested, along with the questionnaire responses in 99 research hypotheses using multiple linear regression and corrected for multiple comparisons. Results indicate that 13 hypotheses were found to significantly discriminate between traditional and nontraditional community college students. The persisting nontraditional students appeared to be more satisfied with the University concerning a few variables, greater proportion attended part-time, during the day, enrolled for less hours, and had a greater high school grade point average than their traditional counterparts. The nonpersisting, nontraditional students were similar to their persisting counterparts, except that traditional nonpersisting students had a higher high school grade point average, lived at greater distances from the school, and attended day time classes as compared to nontraditional students.
Phosphorylation of protease-activated receptor-2 differentially regulates desensitization and internalization.

Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is a G protein-coupled receptor irreversibly activated by extracellular proteases. Activated PAR2 couples to multiple heterotrimeric G-protein subtypes including Gαq, Gαi, and Gα12/13. Most activated G protein-coupled receptors are rapidly desensitized and internalized following phosphorylation and β-arrestin binding. However, the role of phosphorylation in regulation of PAR2 signaling and trafficking is not known. To investigate the function of phosphorylation, we generated a PAR2 mutant in which all serines and threonines in the C-tail were converted to alanines and designated it PAR2 0P. In mammalian cells, the addition of agonist induced a rapid and robust increase in phosphorylation of wild-type PAR2 but not the 0P mutant, suggesting that the major sites of phosphorylation occur within the C-tail domain. Moreover, desensitization of PAR2 0P signaling was markedly impaired compared with the wild-type receptor. Wild-type phosphorylated PAR2 internalized through a canonical dynamin, clathrin- and β-arrestin-dependent pathway. Strikingly, PAR2 0P mutant internalization proceeded through a dynamin-dependent but clathrin- and β-arrestin-independent pathway in both a constitutive and agonist-dependent manner. Collectively, our studies show that PAR2 phosphorylation is essential for β-arrestin binding and uncoupling from heterotrimeric G-protein signaling and that the presence of serine and threonine residues in the PAR2 C-tail hinder constitutive internalization through a non-canonical pathway. Thus, our studies reveal a novel function for phosphorylation that differentially regulates PAR2 desensitization and endocytic trafficking.
Primary splenic malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, with sclerosis. Report of a case with long‐term survival

A 61-year-old woman with malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, with slerosis (sclerosing reticulum cell sarcoma) primary in the spleen is described. She has survived clinically free of malignant lymphoma for 11 years after splenectomy therapy alone. This may be the first case of primary splenic malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, with sclerosis, ever reported in the medical literature.
Intracranial brain stimulation and suppression of behavior

Hungry rats were trained to lever press for food on a variable interval schedule. Subsequent to attaining stable rates, stimulation of either the nucleus Ventralis Postero Lateralis of the thalmus, or of the Central Grey substance was introduced on a response contingent basis. The effect of such stimulation on the response rate for the food reinforcement provided an index of the aversiveness of the brain stimulation. For each animal, lever pressing rate is a decreasing exponential function of the intensity of stimulation either to the VPL or the CG. Once behavior has been suppressed, rate of return to baseline is an inverse, monotonic function of punishment intensity.
Five Year Biochemical Recurrence Free Survival for Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy, External Beam Radiation Therapy or Permanent Seed Implantation

Objective To compare biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) for patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated by retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP), external beam radiation therapy (RT), or permanent seed implantation (PI). Methods Patients treated for intermediate-risk prostate cancer per National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines from 1996 to 2005 were studied. Variables potentially affecting bRFS were examined using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Five-year bRFS rates were calculated by actuarial methods; bRFS was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Nadir +2 definition of biochemical failure was used for RT and PI patients; a PSA ≥0.4 ng/mL was used for radical prostatectomy (RP) patients. Time to initiation of salvage therapy was compared for each treatment group using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Nine-hundred seventy-nine patients were analyzed with a median follow-up of 65 months. Five years bRFS rate was 82.8% for all patients (89.5% PI, 85.7% RT, 79.9% RRP, and 60.2% LRP). Patients treated by LRP had significantly worse bRFS than RT ( P P P = .0038). Treatment modality ( P P P Conclusions Patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer choosing PI, RT, or RRP appear to have improved 5-year bRFS and delayed salvage therapy compared with LRP.
TARGET GENES OF HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS

Homeodomain proteins are transcription factors that share a related DNA binding domain, the homeodomain. This class of proteins was first recognized in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster where they cause homeotic transformations such as a fly with four wings instead of two (Lewis EB. A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 1978;276:565–570 [Ref. 18]). They are now known to exist in all eukaryotes where they perform important functions during development. Given that homeodomain proteins are transcription factors, they control the expression of downstream genes to regulate development. Which genes are controlled by homeodomain proteins and how many of them are there? This review focuses on a recent paper by Liang and Biggin (Liang Z, Biggin MD. Eve and Ftz regulate a wide array of genes in blastoderm embryos: the selector homeoproteins directly or indirectly regulate most genes in Drosophila. Development 1998;125:4471–4482 [Ref. 1]), which proposes that the Drosophila homeodomain proteins Even-skipped and Fushi-tarazu directly control the expression of the majority of genes in the Drosophila genome. An alternative view, that most genes are only indirectly affected by homeodomain proteins is also discussed. BioEssays 21:267–270, 1999. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Convective Tendency Images Derived from a Combination of Lightning and Satellite Data

Abstract A technique is presented for generating convective tendency products by combining satellite images with observations of cloud-to-ground lightning activity. Rapid scan (5-min) infrared satellite images are used to define the areal distribution of convection. Lightning flash rate trends provide diagnostic and predictive information pertaining to the growth and decay of the thunderstorms. A single derived product from these data can show the location of the lightning activity and convective cores, the spatial distribution of convective rainfall, the remaining cloudy and statiform rain areas, and the growing and decaying storms. Examples are given to illustrate how the flash rate trend may produce a much different and more useful portrayal of storm evolution than the time rate-of-change change of cloud-top blackbody temperatures. This difference can be exacerbated in mesoscale convective weather systems where the cirrus debris can mask the life history of the embedded convective elements.
Channel Estimation, Equalization and Phase Correction for Single Carrier Underwater Acoustic Communications

In this paper, we employ a time-domain channel estimation, equalization and phase correction scheme for single carrier single input multiple output (SIMO) underwater acoustic communications. In this scheme, Doppler shift, which is caused by relative motion between transducer (source) and hydrophones (receiver), is estimated and compensated in the received baseband signals. Then the channel is estimated using a small training block at the front of a transmitted data package, in which the data is artificially partitioned into consecutive data blocks. The estimated channel is utilized to equalize a block of received data, then the equalized data is processed by a group-wise phase correction before data detection. At the end of the detected data block, a small portion of the detected data is utilized to update channel estimation, and the re-estimated channel is employed for channel equalization for next data block. This block-wise channel estimation, equalization and phase correction process is repeated until the entire data package is processed. The receiver scheme is tested with experimental data measured at Saint Margaret's Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, in May 2006. The results show that it can be applied not only to the scenario of fixed source to fixed receiver, but also to the moving source to fixed receiver case. The achievable uncoded bit error rate (BER) is on the order of 10-4 for moving-to-fixed transmissions, and on the order of 10-5 for fixed-to-fixed transmissions.
Information theoretic approximations for M/G/1 and G/G/1 queuing systems

This paper presents new results concerning the use of information theoretic inference techniques in system modeling and concerning the widespread applicability of certain simple queuing theory formulas. For the case when an M/G/1 queue provides a reasonable system model but when information about the service time probability density is limited to knowledge of a few moments, entropy maximization and cross-entropy minimization are used to derive information theoretic approximations for various performance distributions such as queue length, waiting time, residence time, busy period, etc. Some of these approximations are shown to reduce to exact M/M/1 results when G = M. For the case when a G/G/1 queue provides a reasonable system model, but when information about the arrival and service distributions is limited to the average arrival and service rates, it is shown that various well known M/M/1 formulas are information theoretic approximations. These results not only provide a new method for approximating the performance distributions, but they help to explain the widespread applicability of the M/M/1 formulas.
Analyzing tweets to identify malicious messages

With social networking becoming a popular medium, a new frontier of communication begins. Sites like Facebook, Linkedin, and Twitter are changing the way we communicate, often replacing a phone call or an email. In this paper, we will look at detecting spam and phishing over the Twitter network. We argue that spammers and phishers use specific keywords to entice a twitter to click on a link. This link could lead them to a malicious web form. A phishing or spam message has both words and a URL. Twitter is also limited to 140 characters per message. This makes the words used in the message much more important. Bayesian is a popular spam email approach that uses the absence or presence of a word to indicate what to label the message as a whole. We will eliminate Bayesian as a viable option and propose the use of logistic regression model. Current studies place emphases on the follower/followee ratio. We are going to prove that ratio is wrong. Our goal is to effectively detect the presence of spam and try to minimize its influence.
Effect of Potassium and "Toxic" Doses of Digitalis on the Myocardium

This study was designed to evaluate further the antagonism between digitalis and potassium. Potassium was given by intravenous infusion to six dogs (1) before digitalization, (2) after injection of "therapeutic" doses of digitoxin, and finally (3) after injection of "toxic" doses of the drug.
Psittacosis: a case report and review of the literature

Psittacosis should be considered in any patient with fever of undetermined origin. The only clues to diagnosis may be failure to respond to antibiotics or history of bird exposure. Birds may be asymptomatic and able to transmit disease, thus quarantine and treatment of imported birds does not guarantee freedom from disease. An ELISA test limited to avian feces may be inadequate; cultures increase sensitivity. In most cases, diagnosis is not confirmed for 4–6 weeks. In order to prevent significant complications, therapy should be started on suspicion. Rapid response to tetracycline should be expected. The case of psittacosis presented emphasizes multiple salient features of the disease. History of animal exposure, including avian, should be a part of every history and physical examination.
Multi-period network interdiction problems with applications to city-level drug enforcement

This article considers a new class of multi-period network interdiction problems that focus on scheduling the activities of law enforcement in order to successfully interdict criminals in an illegal drug supply chain. This class of problems possesses several novel features for interdiction problems that were motivated through collaborations with city-level drug enforcement officials. These features include modeling the temporal aspects of these interdictions and the requirements associated with building interdictions in order to arrest high-ranking criminals in the drug supply chain. Based on these collaborations a systematic procedure is developed to generate realistic test instances of the multi-period network interdiction problem. Computational analysis on these realistic test instances provides some direction to the policies that law enforcement should implement in their interdiction activities.
Modification of the radiosensitivity of hamster cells in vitro.

>The radiosensitivity of hamster cells in vitro was increased by incubation with 5-bromodeosycytidine prior to x irradiation. The change in radiosensitivity was determined by a method in which the survival of clones as a function of x-ray dose was compared with the survival of clones derived from cells incubated for varying periods prior to irradiation in a medium containing 5- bromodeoxycytidine. Although the results do not permit quantitatlon, it was demonstrated that most of the bromine-82 was recovered from DNA fraction of cells incubated wlth Br/sup 82/-5bromodeoxycytidine. It was concluded that 5- bromodeoxycytidine is an effective radiosensitizing agent for mammalian cells in vitro. (P.C.H.)
The Retinoid Cycle and Retinal Diseases

The ‘retinoid cycle’ is a complex recycling system that replenishes the 11-cis-retinal chromophore of rod and cone visual pigments after its isomerization to all-trans-retinal by light. Recycling takes place in retinal rod and cone photoreceptor outer segments and the retinal pigment epithelium. Correct functioning of the retinoid cycle is of fundamental importance in vertebrate vision. Keywords: vitamin A; rhodopsin; cone pigments; retinitis pigmentosa; macular degeneration
Initial experience with CentriMag extracorporal membrane oxygenation for support of critically ill patients with refractory cardiogenic shock

Background Cardiogenic shock refractory to conventional therapy has very high mortality and limited support options. New technology with peripherally inserted CentriMag (Levitronix LLC, Waltham, MA) extracorporal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may have the potential to significantly improve survival in these critically ill patients. Outcomes of the first 10 patients to receive this device at our institutions are presented. Methods Patients were identified by their primary physicians and evaluated by our Mechanical Circulatory Support Team. CentriMag ECMO was initiated at the bedside using sterile percutaneous cannulation of femoral vessels. Patients were admitted to the Heart and Vascular Intensive Care Unit, with care managed by regular nursing staff with special training. Results The patients (5 men, 5 women) were a mean age of 45 ± 18 years, had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 30%, and a mean lactate level of 9 mmol/liter. All patients met criteria for shock refractory to medical therapy, but the etiology varied. Average duration of ECMO support was 5.8 ± 4 days. Survival was 60%. There were no major complications directly related to the device and no equipment malfunctions. Conclusions The peripherally inserted CentriMag ECMO was easy to insert, functioned without mechanical error, and significantly reduced expected mortality in critically ill patients. Further research will be necessary to develop standardized algorithms and gain more experience, but this new technology has promising potential.
Teaching animation in Second Life

In the Spring of 2009, the Computer Science Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology gave an experimental offering of their course: Computer Animation: Algorithm and Techniques, entirely in the virtual world of Second Life. The goal of the experiment was to discover whether worlds like Second Life could be used effectively to teach computer graphics in a distance learning environment.