cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Sectional Associations of Fatigue Subtypes with Pain Interference in Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults with Chronic Orofacial Pain.

Objective Mental, emotional, physical, and general fatigue, as well as vigor, have each been associated with pain interference-defined as pain-related disruption of social, recreational, and work-related activities-in patients with chronic orofacial pain (COFP). The objectives of the current study were to compare levels of these fatigue subtypes across younger, middle-aged, and older patients with COFP and test the associations between fatigue subtypes and pain interference in these age groups. Design A cross-sectional cohort design was used. Setting Participants self-reported fatigue subtypes (Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form), pain interference (West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory), pain intensity (visual analog scale), pain duration (months), depression (Symptom Checklist 90-Revised), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) at their initial appointment at a tertiary orofacial pain clinic. Subjects Sixty younger (age 18-39), 134 middle-aged (age 40-59), and 51 older (age 60-79) COFP patients provided data for the study. Methods Analysis of variance was used to compare levels of fatigue subtypes between the age groups. Regression with dummy-coding was used to test if the relationship between fatigue subtypes and pain interference varied by age. Results Older COFP patients reported less general fatigue and more vigor than younger or middle-aged adults. Fatigue subtypes were each associated with greater pain interference, but associations became nonsignificant after controlling for depression, sleep, and pain intensity/duration. Age group-by-fatigue subtype interactions were not observed. Conclusions Managing fatigue may be important to reduce pain interference in COFP populations and may be accomplished in part by improving depression and sleep.
Single- and Multi-Arm Gadolinium MRI Contrast Agents for Targeted Imaging of Glioblastoma.

Background Position of gadolinium atom(s) plays a key role in contrast enhancement of gadolinium-based contrast agents. To gain a better understanding of effects of distance of gadolinium in relation to the nanoconjugate platform, we designed and synthesized single- and multi-arm ("star") gadolinium conjugates equipped with antibody and peptides for targeting. The contrast agents were studied for their tumor imaging performance in a glioma mouse model. Materials and methods Antibody- and peptide-targeted nano contrast agents (NCAs) were synthesized using polymalic acid platforms of different sizes. Gadolinium-DOTA and intermediates were attached as amides and targeting agents such as antibodies and peptides as thioethers. For in vivo experiments, we used human U87MG xenografts as glioma models. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on a Bruker BioSpec 94/20USR 9.4 T small-animal scanner. Delivery of contrast agents across the blood-brain barrier was studied by fluorescent microscopy. Results All contrast agents accumulated into tumor and showed composition-dependent imaging performance. Peptide-targeted mini-NCAs had hydrodynamic diameters in the range 5.2-9.4 nm and antibody-﻿targeted NCAs had diameters in the range 15.8-20.5 nm. Zeta potentials were in the range of -5.4--8.2 mV and -4.6--8.8 mV, respectively. NCAs showed superior relaxivities compared to MultiHance at 9.4 T. The signal enhancement indicated maximum accumulation in tumor 30-60 minutes after intravenous injection of the mouse tail vein. Only targeted NCAs were retained in tumor for up to 3 hours and displayed contrast enhancement. Conclusion The novel targeted NCAs with star-PEG features displayed improved relaxivity and greater contrast compared with commercial MultiHance contrast agent. The enhancement by mini-NCAs showed clearance of tumor contrast after 3 hours providing a suitable time window for tumor diagnosis in clinics. The technology provides a great tool with the promise of differential MRI diagnosis of brain tumors.
Editor’s Note (this is to you)

The journal approaches something of a milestone with this issue. The current iteration of ACRL’s professional journal of special collections librarianship practice began publication as Rare Books and Manuscripts Librarianship in 1986. When I was in library school a few years later, the only access points to content in the field was the library’s local card catalogue and the Library and Information Science Abstracts (LISA) index. For those of you competent, working professionals young enough to be my children, research was a matter of looking through print volumes— print, mind you—of annual issue after annual issue for citations appearing under index terms, then pulling the bound volumes from the shelves on another floor. The current title RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage was adopted upon acquiring and moving to a digital platform in 2000. Since that time, all ACRL journal content has been available digitally, creating a backfile of material accessible for the asking. In 2014 ALA enacted a platform migration to OJS (Open Journal System) software. RBM content also moved to the OJS platform.
Progress in Probabilistic Number Theory

I present here remarks concerning my work Probabilistic Number Theory, published in 1979/80 as Volumes 239, 240 of the present series. Particular attention is paid to recent developments. References in this supplement that are to those volumes are prefaced by PNT.
Bullying Through Different Perspectives: An Introduction to Multiple Vantage Points

Bullying is not a rare phenomenon and, therefore, remains a concern to educators and parents. In this chapter bullying is defined and different forms of bullying are identified. A social ecological framework is considered as a potential approach for examining bullying. This chapter introduces the overarching theme that bullying is best understood as a group process. There are several different bullying roles including the bully, assistants and reinforcers, outsiders, defenders, and victims. A brief overview of each of these roles is provided and attention is devoted to the potential of parents and teachers to influence bullying dynamics.
Internet Search Engine Queries of Common Causes of Blindness and Low Vision in the United States.

Purpose To characterize Internet search engine patterns of American Internet users for common causes of blindness and low vision. Design A retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods Retrospective analysis with publicly available Google trends data from January 1, 2004, to January 1, 2020, using Google search engine. Patient population: Random sample of US and worldwide Internet users who searched for information on the topics of cataract, macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and near-sightedness using the Google search engine. Main outcome measures: Percentage of searches related to disease and treatment education for each condition. Results Cataract searches most commonly pertain to treatment education (72.3%) and disease education (23.6%). Glaucoma, macular degeneration, and near-sightedness searches more commonly pertained to disease education (69.5%, 64.0%, 50.4% respectively) than treatment education (18.4%, 17.9%, 10.7% respectively). Diabetic retinopathy searches related to other diseases (41.5%), followed by disease education (33.5%) and treatment education (8.2%). Mean relative search frequency (RSF) values for queries were 66.7 ± 13.3, 58.6 ± 6.2, 33.3 ± 6.7, 29.2 ± 6.5, and 8.6 ± 1.4 for cataract, glaucoma, near-sightedness, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration, respectively, with all pairwise comparisons yielding statistically significant values (P Conclusion The search results of American Internet search users yield information on disease basics or treatment education for the disease. The most commonly searched queries for each condition yield different types of information with cataract queries presenting more commonly with treatment information. These results may inform future patient education practices.
Bilateral Renal Artery Thrombosis in a Patient With COVID-19.

Reports of the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have varied greatly from 0.5% to as high as 39%, with onset generally within 7 days from time of admission. The nature of the kidney insult is acute tubular necrosis, immune cell infiltration, or rhabdomyolysis, as demonstrated in autopsy reports. Moreover, infection with COVID-19 has been associated with coagulation abnormalities, as well as complement-mediated generalized thrombotic microvascular injury. These patients have been found to have high D-dimer, fibrin degradation product, and fibrinogen values, an elevated international normalized ratio, normal partial thromboplastin time, and normal platelet count values. Renal artery thrombosis is a rare condition, the most common cause of which is atrial fibrillation. However, bilateral completely occlusive renal artery thrombosis is even rarer. We present a case of a patient with COVID-19 on systemic anticoagulation therapy who presented with a serum creatinine level of 6.04 mg/dL requiring the initiation of kidney replacement therapy and was found to have bilateral renal artery thrombosis.
Electron confinement meet electron delocalization: non-additivity and finite-size effects in the polarizabilities and dispersion coefficients of the fullerenes.

In this work, we used finite-field derivative techniques and density functional theory (DFT) to compute the static isotropic polarizability series (α with = 1, 2, 3) for the C60–C84 fullerenes and quantitatively assess the intrinsic non-additivity in these fundamental response properties. By comparing against classical models of the fullerenes as conducting spherical shells (or solid spheres) of uniform electron density, a detailed critical analysis of the derived effective scaling laws (α1 ∼ N1.2, α2 ∼ N2.0, α3 ∼ N2.7) demonstrates that the electronic structure of finite-sized fullerenes—a unique dichotomy of electron confinement and delocalization effects due to their quasi-spherical cage-like structures and encapsulated void spaces—simultaneously limits and enhances their quantum mechanical response to electric field perturbations. Corresponding frequency-dependent polarizabilities were obtained by inputting the α series into the hollow sphere model (within the modified single frequency approximation), and used to compute the molecular dispersion coefficients (Cn with n = 6, 8, 9, 10) needed to describe the non-trivial van der Waals (vdW) interactions in fullerene-based systems. Using first-order perturbation theory in conjunction with >140 000 DFT calculations, we also computed the non-negligible zero-point vibrational contributions to α1 in C60 and C70, thereby enabling a more accurate and direct comparison between theory and experiment for these quintessential nanostructures.
Necessity and the Unexpected: SoTL Student-Faculty Collaboration in Writing Program Research

This essay describes how a team of faculty members and undergraduate students worked together to investigate key questions about the experiences students at our campus face as they transition from high school to college. We describe the process we employed in starting our project, and we draw some conclusions about the unexpected positive outcomes of our SoTL student-faculty partnership.
Melanoma of the Conjunctiva

Ocular melanomas seen in dermatopathology or general pathology practice are mostly those on the palpebral or on the bulbar conjunctiva. The conjunctivae can be also secondarily involved by cutaneous melanoma of the eyelid. Cutaneous melanoma metastatic to the conjunctivae is known as well. The incidence of conjunctival melanoma is rising in the Western world (Triay et al. 2009; Shields et al. 2011), and this is probably related to sun exposure (as it is for lentigo maligna, an entity biologically and histologically related to conjunctival melanoma).
The role of efficacy and identity in science career commitment among underrepresented minority students

A web-based survey of members of the Society for the Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science tested a model that proposed that the effects of science support experiences on commitment to science careers would be mediated by science self-efficacy and identity as a scientist. A sample of 327 undergraduates and 338 graduate students and postdoctoral fellows described their science support experiences (research experience, mentoring, and community involvement); psychological variables (science self-efficacy, leadership/teamwork self-efficacy, and identity as a scientist); and commitment to pursue a career in scientific research. Structural equation model analyses supported our predictions. Among the undergraduates, science (but not leadership/teamwork), self-efficacy, and identity as a scientist fully mediated the effects of science support experiences and were strong predictors of commitment. Results for the graduate/postdoctoral sample revealed a very similar pattern of results, with the added finding that all three psychological mediators, including leadership/teamwork self-efficacy, predicted commitment.
Compare serum creatinine versus Renal 99mTc-DTPA scan determined glomerular filtration rates in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury and meurogenic bladder.

Objective: This observational study: (a) compared serum creatinine (estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR)) to renal isotope 99mTc-DTPA (GFR) determined glomerular filtration rate, and evaluated whether either method (b) better determined the state of renal function, and (c) predict urinary tract infection (UTI), renal and urological structural lesions or mortality in veterans with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurogenic bladder (NGB).Design: Observational study.Setting: VA Medical Center affiliated with Oklahoma University.Participants: Veterans with SCI and regularly followed in SCI clinic. Demographic and clinical data, as well as, EGFR, GFR, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, and presence of UTI, renal and urinary bladder lesions on renal nuclear scan, renal ultrasound, and cystoscopy studies were recorded.Interventions: None.Main Outcome measures: Urological lesions, UTI, and Mortality.Results: For 161 patients with SCI and NGB the mean ± SD for EGFR was 104 ± 36 an...
On the possibility of sub 60 mV/decade subthreshold switching in piezoelectric gate barrier transistors

A novel method for the reduction of subthreshold slope below the room-temperature Boltzmann limit of 60 mV/dec for a field-effect transistor based on negative differential capacitance is proposed. This effect uses electric field induced electrostriction of a piezoelectric gate barrier of the transistor. The mechanism amplifies the internal surface potential over the applied gate voltage. This internal voltage gain mechanism provides an opportunity for steep subthreshold slope switching below 60 mV/decade of the transistor current. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Russia's Industrial Infrastructure: A Risk Assessment

Reforms in the early to mid-1990s left the Russian economy with a dilapidated and poorly performing industrial infrastructure. This paper investigates the linkages between that declining infrastructure, major workplace accidents, and environmental quality across the Russian economy and in four major industry groups. It concludes by suggesting that the potential for future industrial performance in Russia will depend largely on the relationships between growth, capital investment, industry reform, and the development of a safety culture. Factors promoting and hindering near-term improvement in Russia's infrastructure and industrial safety record are discussed. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L70, Q20, Q30. 2 tables, 51 references.
Dental bacterial plaques. Nature and role in periodontal disease.

Antony van Leeuwenhoek first described oral bacteria. However, not until almost 200 years later was the famous Koch postulate introduced. Since then, research has extensively been performed regarding the development and microbiology of dental plaques. In spite of the complexity of the developing flora of supragingival plaque, culture studies have shown a remarkably orderly succession of organisms. Lately, the concept of microbial specificity in the etiology of periodontal diseases has been widely suggested, i.e., that different forms of periodontal disease are associated with qualitatively distinct dental plaques. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of the predominant cultivable microflora reveal that only a small number of the over 300 species found in human subgingival plaques are associated with periodontal disease. Among the commonly mentioned are: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides gingivalis, Bacteroides intermedius, Capnocytophaga sp., Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Wolinella recta, as well as certain gram-positive bacteria such as Eubacterium species. Anti-infective therapy for many systemic infections equals the use of antimicrobial drugs. However, for localized infections like periodontal diseases, treatment may consist of a combination of mechanical wound debridement and the application of an antimicrobial agent. The general effectiveness of mechanical anti-infective therapy and successful oral hygiene in the management of periodontal disease is well established in the literature and has met the test of success in clinical practice for most cases of periodontitis in adults. The definition of periodontal pathogens as either opportunistic pathogens, or as exogenous pathogens carries with it significant implications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Osmomechanical Regulation of Membrane Trafficking in Polarized Cells

The regulation of membrane trafficking is thought to be predominantly under the control of agonist-receptor transduction pathways. In the present study, osmomechanical stress due to swelling, a condition often accompanying cell activation, was shown to induce multiple membrane trafficking pathways in polarized absorptive epithelial cells in the absence of agonists. Osmomechanical stress activated rapidly (seconds) pathways of calcium-dependent membrane insertion into the basolateral domain, pathways of calcium-independent membrane retrieval from the basolateral domain, and a novel pathway of transcytosis (transcellular) between basolateral and apical cell domains. These pathways appear to underlie the transfer and regulation of transport proteins amongst cell compartments. This broad affect of osmomechanical stress on trafficking pathways may reflect a global mechanism for redistribution of transport proteins and other membrane components amongst cell compartments during states of mechanical stress.
Effect of an H1 Blocker, Chlorpheniramine, on Inhalation Tests with Histamine and Allergen in Allergic Asthma

In 15 asthmatic subjects, flow volume loops were recorded before and after quantitative nebulization of increasing concentration of histamine and allergen, until a threshold response (—Δ FEV1 > 10%) was obtained. Nine subjects with reproducible threshold doses to these two agents were included in the study. After pretreatment with 10 mg of intravenously administered chlorpheniramine, the threshold dose of histamine increased fourfold in eight subjects and eightfold in one subject, whereas the threshold doses to allergen doubled in seven and remained unaffected in two. One of these two subjects required 15 mg chlorpheniramine intravenously for comparable protection. In three subjects, the threshold dose to inhaled acetylcholine was determined with a similar procedure and found reproducible. Pretreatment with 10 to 15 mg chlorpheniramine increased this threshold dose two to four times, similarly to the effect produced by 0.4 mg of subcutaneously administered atropine. However, 0.4 mg atropine sc. did not alter the airway responses to allergen. The results suggest that intravenously administered chlorpheniramine provided it has a dose ratio of at least four against inhaled histamine, can prevent attacks of allergen-induced asthma. The effect is probably mediated through the H1 rather than the acetylcholine receptor.
Revealing the surface and bulk regimes of isothermal graphene nucleation and growth on Ni with in situ kinetic measurements and modeling

In situ optical diagnostics are used to reveal the isothermal nucleation and growth mechanisms of graphene on Ni across a wide temperature range (560 C < T < 840 C) by chemical vapor deposition from single, sub-second pulses of acetylene. An abrupt, two-orders of magnitude change in growth times (~ 100s to 1s) is revealed at T = 680 C. Below and above this temperature, similar sigmoidal kinetics are measured and attributed to autocatalytic growth reactions but by two different mechanisms, surface assembly and dissolution/precipitation, respectively. These data are used to develop a simple and general kinetic model for graphene growth that includes the nucleation phase and includes the effects of carbon solubility in metals, describes delayed nucleation, and allows the interpretation of the competition between surface and bulk growth modes. The sharp transition in growth kinetics at T = 680 C is explained by a change in defect site density required for nucleation due to a transition in the carbon-induced mobility of the Ni surface. The easily-implemented optical reflectivity diagnostics and the simple kinetic model described here allow a pathway to optimize the growth of graphene on metals with arbitrary carbon solubility.
Interstitial equilibration of superoxide dismutase correlates with its protective effect in the isolated rabbit heart

We examined the effect of preischemic equilibration of the rabbit heart with superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the extent of recovery of contractile function following an episode of ischemia. First, hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer. The pulmonary artery was cannulated and its flow diverted as the vascular effluent, and all other orifices were tied off. The fluid seeping from the epicardial surface represented the interstitial outflow. SOD was added to the perfusate and the interstitial and vascular effluents were assayed for SOD at regular intervals. Second, hearts were perfused in the Langendorff mode. SOD was included in the perfusate at all times at 20 000 U/l. After either 15 or 50 min of equilibration the hearts were subjected to 1 h of ischemia followed by 1 h of reperfusion. The developed tension was measured via a balloon in the left ventricle. Control hearts showed a recovery of developed tension of 63 ± 12%. Human recombinant (h) Cu,Zn-SOD, which equilibrated with the interstitial fluid by 20 ± 10% and 92 ± 7% after 15 and 60 min of perfusion respectively, caused a recovery of 68 ± 29% (non-significant) and 92 ± 18% (P < 0.01) with 15 and 50 min of equilibration respectively. The positively charged hrMn-SOD and sheep Cu,Zn-SOD, however, equilibrated much faster reaching 84 ± 13% and 95 ± 11% at 15 min respectively, which correlated with a recovery of 99 ± 11% and 96 ± 10% (P < 0.01) respetively. HrCu,Zn-SOD conjugated to polyethylene glycol equilibrated much slower reaching 38 ± 10% after 1 h, which correlated with lack of protection even after 50 min of equilibration. Therefore, the protection afforded by SOD to the isolated rabbit heart correlates with the concentration of SOD in the interstitial fluid. The rate of equilibration depends on the charge as well as the size of the enzyme.
Parent Psychopathology and Children’s Psychological Health: Moderation by Sibling Relationship Dimensions

Offspring of anxious adults are at heightened risk for psychological maladjustment; however factors that protect youth in the context of this risk have been rarely explored. Supported by literature showing the meaningful role of sibling relationships for children’s psychological outcomes, this study examined the protective role of the sibling relationship for children in the context of risk for psychological maladjustment due to having a parent with a clinical anxiety disorder. Participants were 81 children ages 7 to 12 years (58% female; 82 % Caucasian), and their parents. Parents met DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for a primary anxiety disorder, and youth did not meet diagnostic criteria for any psychiatric disorder. Parents completed questionnaires on their own psychological distress and use of parenting behaviors, and on their children’s psychological adjustment. Children self-reported on the quality of their sibling relationship based on their closest-age sibling. Parenting behaviors were also coded based on a parent–child interaction task. Results of hierarchical regression models demonstrated that sibling relationship quality moderated the relation between parental psychological distress and child adjustment. Post-hoc simple slopes analyses showed that parental distress was significantly positively associated with greater child psychological problems only for children reporting low sibling companionship or high sibling conflict. Aspects of the sibling relationship did not moderate the association between self-rated or observer-rated parenting behaviors and child anxiety symptoms. Findings are consistent with developmental models and empirical literature emphasizing the protective role of sibling relationships for youth’s psychological outcomes. Sibling relationships may be a salient target for youth psychological preventive or treatment interventions.
Lysine Synthesis and Phytogeny of Lower Fungi : Some Chytrids versus Hyphochytrium

RECENT work, conducted with the aid of various diagnostic carbon-14 tracers, has suggested that lysine biosynthesis is a valuable character in the detection of certain evolutionary relationships1–4. All the eubacteria, pseudomonads, actinomycetes1, green algae2, and higher (vascular) plants3 examined appear to synthesize lysine in one general manner (presumably via α,ɛ-diaminopimelic acid, cf. ref. 5) and all the ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi1,3 (and also Euglena 2) in another (presumably via α-aminoadipic acid, cf. ref. 6). Among the lower fungi (phycomycetes), a striking dichotomous distribution of the two lysine paths was noted : the Mucorales and Blastocladiales studied, like the higher fungi, evidently use the path via α-aminoadipic acid, and the Saprolegniales that via α,ɛ-diaminopimelic acid4. The present communication reports findings with some other phycomycetes, including three chytrids and a representative of the Hyphochytriales. The latter group of organisms, although closely paralleling the chytrids in body structure, have uncertain phylogenetic affinities.
Identification of the molecular switch that regulates access of 5α-DHT to the androgen receptor

Abstract Pairs of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) govern ligand access to steroid receptors in target tissues and act as molecular switches. By acting as reductases or oxidases, HSDs convert potent ligands into their cognate inactive metabolites or vice versa. This pre-receptor regulation of steroid hormone action may have profound effects on hormonal response. We have identified the HSDs responsible for regulating ligand access to the androgen receptor (AR) in human prostate. Type 3 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (aldo-keto reductase 1C2) acts solely as a reductase to convert 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a potent ligand for the AR (Kd = 10−11 M for the AR), to the inactive androgen 3α-androstanediol (Kd = 10−6 M for the AR); while RoDH like 3α-HSD (a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR)) acts solely as an oxidase to convert 3α-androstanediol back to 5α-DHT. Our studies suggest that aldo-keto reductase (AKRs) and SDRs function as reductases and oxidases, respectively, to control ligand access to nuclear receptors.
Allometric scaling laws for water uptake by plant roots.

Abstract This paper develops scaling laws for plant roots of any arbitrary volume and branching configuration that maximize water uptake. Water uptake can occur along any part of the root network, and thus there is no branch-to-branch fluid conservation. Maximizing water uptake, therefore, involves balancing two flows that are inversely related: axial and radial conductivity. The scaling laws are tested against the root data of 1759 plants from 77 herbaceous species, and compared with those from the WBE model. I further discuss whether the scaling laws are invariant to soil water distribution. A summary of some of the results follows. (1) The optimal radius for a single root (no branches) scales with volume as r ≈ volume 2 8 + a ( 0 a ⩽ 1 ) . (2) The basic allometric scaling for root radius branches ( r i + 1 = β * r i ) is of the form β = f ( N ) 2 * e ( N ) 8 + a , where f ( N ) = A ( N ) / ( n b * ( 1 + A ( N ) ) ) , n b is the number of branches, and A ( N ) and e ( N ) are functions of the number of root diameter classes (not constants as in the WBE model). (3) For large N, β converges to the β from the WBE model. For small N, the β 's for the two models diverge, but are highly correlated. (4) The fractal assumption of volume filling of the WBE model are also met in the root model even though they are not explicitly incorporated into it. (5) The WBE model for rigid tubes is an asymptotic solution for large root systems (large N and biomass). (6) The optimal scaling solutions for the root network appears to be independent of soil water distribution or water demand. The data set used for testing is included in the electronic supplementary archive of the journal.
Nanoelectronic and nanomechanical systems

Nanomechanical systems, integrated with nanoelectronic transducers and sensors, are in an early stage of development. Research is focused on the development of radiofrequency mechanical resonators, sensitive electrometers and magnetometers, and potentially quantum-limited energy and motion sensors. This paper will review the current state of our efforts in this area, and will describe research in which the integration of mechanics and electronics will potentially allow the demonstration of macroscopic quantum effects in mechanical systems. We are particularly interested in observing and measuring quantum-limited systems, whose behavior is strongly affected by the measurement system; such systems may provide further insight into the quantum measurement process.
PM3 STUDY OF THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF HETERODIENOPHILE CYCLOADDITIONS TO PYRROLE : ENDO LONE PAIR EFFECT

Abstract A semiempirical PM3 theoretical study of heterodienophile addition to pyrrole, a heterocyclic aromatic diene is presented. The results are compared with the ethylene addition to pyrrole. Three approaches were used to determine the reactivity of the dienophiles: frontier orbital energy correlation, comparison of the calculated activation barriers, and comparison of the structural features of the transition state structures, all generated by PM3 calculations. On the basis of the frontier molecular orbital theory it was concluded that the reaction is LUMO dienophile controlled and that all studied heterodienophiles are more reactive than ethylene. Because pyrrole has a higher HOMO energy than cyclopentadiene, it was concluded that pyrrole is more reactive than cyclopentadiene as the diene in Diels-Alder reactions with normal electron demand. On the other hand, reaction energy barriers predict that almost all heterodienophiles except oxygen are less reactive than ethylene. Discrepancies in the frontier orbital and activation energy predictions are discussed in the light of repulsion interactions between the heteroatom endo lone pair and the π-system of pyrrole. In this way the stereoselectivity of the heterodienophile cycloadditions to pyrrole, as well as the geometries of the transition structures, can be explained.
Red rice (Oryza sativa): Competition studies for management decisions

Abstract Growth analysis and competition studies involving red rice and rice ‘Oryzica 1’ were conducted at CIAT, Colombia, during 1989 and 1990. When grown in competition, two biotypes of red rice grew taller than Oryzica 1, but had similar leaf area. During the first 60 days after emergence (d.a.e.) Oryzica 1 tillered more than the red rice biotypes, but these continued to tiller after anthesis. Competitive effects differed for each red rice biotype. In field competition studies (1989) red rice was very competitive with rice: 5 and 20 red rice plants/m2 reduced rice yields by 40% and 60% respectively. Twenty red rice plants/m2 shattered only 35 seeds/m2 before rice harvest, but contaminated harvested rice with about 1100 kg/ha of red rice grain. An infestation of 24 red rice plants/m2 reduced rice yields by 10% if allowed to compete during 40 d.a.e., and by 75% after season‐long competition. In 1990 red rice competition was stronger, and an experiment combining effects of red rice density and duration of...
Desensitized Model Predictive Control Applied to a Structural Benchmark Problem

Abstract This paper presents a model predictive control formulation that incorporates trajectory sensitivity to improve the robustness of the conventional model predictive control strategy. A structural control benchmark problem is used to illustrate the potential of the approach. The numerical results suggest that the proposed approach may be a viable option to increase the robustness of the conventional model predictive control strategy without increasing the computation requirements.
Multivesicular bodies play a key role in vitellogenin endocytosis by Xenopus oocytes.

Abstract A combination of electron microscopic tracers and subcellular fractionation has been used to examine the endocytic pathway of the yolk protein precursor, vitellogenin (VG), in Xenopus oocytes. VG was adsorbed to colloidal gold, and the organelles traversed by newly internalized ligand were examined at various time intervals after endocytosis. VG-Au enters oocytes via coated pits and vesicles and then appears rapidly in tubular endosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs). MVBs play a central role in VG processing for storage; the large majority of newly internalized VG enters this compartment, remaining there for up to several hours. Condensation of VG into crystalline bodies begins in MVBs, and continues with growth of the crystals until typical platelets are formed. When oocytes are exposed to high [VG], MVBs containing large amounts of internalized VG are morphologically indistinguishable from the primordial yolk platelets described earlier ( Dumont, 1978 ). The use of VG-Au particles of two sizes demonstrates that gold particles in early MVBs were generally associated with the limiting membrane of these organelles, while older MVB compartments have gold particles well separated from the limiting membranes, suggesting that dissociation of VG from its receptor occurs in this compartment. Newly internalized ligand preferentially forms a new MVB, rather than fusing and mixing with previously formed MVBs. Progressive yolk protein condensation gradually transforms MVBs into yolk platelets over a period of several hours. Analysis of 125I-VG-Au behavior after sucrose gradient fractionation of oocytes allowed correlation of biochemical compartments with those observed in the electron microscope. MVBs containing yolk in progressive stages of condensation were found at densities from 1.16 up to 1.21 g/cc. The final, rate-limiting step in VG transport is a shift of ligand from light (1.21 g/cc) to heavy (1.23 g/cc) platelet compartments ( Wall and Meleka, 1985 ). The morphological correlate of this process is movement of VG-Au from small ( 4 μm diameter) platelets.
The Door in the Woods

ties already in the cabin : a tuberculosis cure cot with raising back, a quilt, a door skin on cinder blocks for a desk. A chair, a functional woodstove, and a spring-fed spigot outside. John Prade was seventy-eight. Despite the Prades' fractious marriage, their neighbors in Pittsburgh stood ready with casseroles and good cheer after the funeral. He fended off all generosities and phoned Frieda to come gather her mother's things. She drove down from her house on retired farmland in the Ad irondacks.
Ceiling canopy for hybrid cardiac operating room

A ceiling canopy allows for versatility in a hybrid operating room by providing a means to move equipment while opening valuable space on the operating room floor.
Density Measurements of Glasses in the Series xNa2S + (1 −x)B2S3

Measurements of the densities of glasses in the series xNa2S + (1 −x)B2S3 are reported for the first time. As has been found in the corresponding oxyborate series xNa2O + (1 −x)B2O3, the addition of Na2S to B2S3 causes the density to increase, from 1.80 g/mL for pure B2S3 to 1.99 g/mL at the limit of the low-alkali sulfide glass-forming range of x= 0.25. These data provide evidence for the formation of tetrahedral boron units (BS4−) as alkali is added. Volumes for the trigonal BS3 and tetrahedral BS4− groups of 57.55 and 51.79 A3, respectively, were determined. As has also been found in the oxyborates, the tetrahedral boron group occupies a smaller volume than the trigonal boron group and causes the increase in density with added Na2S.
Lumiflavin and lumichrome transport in the central nervous system.

: The transport of the lipid-soluble sugarless flavins, [14C]lumiflavin and [14C]lumichrome, into and from the isolated choroid plexus and brain slices was studied in vitro. The isolated choroid plexus accumulated both [14C] flavins by a saturable, energy-requiring process that did not depend on binding or intracellular metabolism of the [14C] flavins. Both sugar-containing and sugarless flavins, as well as cyclic organic acids, significantly inhibited [14C]lumiflavin and [14C]Iumichrome uptake by the isolated choroid plexus. Within 2.5 min, 75% of the [14C]lumiflavin accumulated by the isolated choroid plexus was released into the medium. Brain slices accumulated [14C]lumiflavin by a saturable process that did not meet all the criteria for active transport. Ninety-five percent of the [14C]lumiflavin accumulated by brain slices was released into the medium within 7.5 min. In vivo, 2 h after the intraventricular injection of 6.5 nmol [14C]lumiflavin, almost all of the [14C]flavin was cleared from the CNS. Addition of 3.5 μmol FMN to the intraventricular injectate significantly decreased the clearance of [14C]lumiflavin from the CNS. These studies document that the sugarless flavins are transported by the flavin transport systems in the CNS.
Excessive gestational weight gain over multiple pregnancies and the prevalence of obesity at age 40

Although several studies have found an association between excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) and obesity later in life, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have explored the role of GWG events across the life course. We describe how the prevalence of midlife obesity (BMI⩾30 at age 40 or 41) among women varies by life course patterns of GWG (using 2009 IOM guidelines) in the USA’s National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort. Among women who reported 1–3 births before age 40, the prevalence of midlife obesity increased with a rising number of excessive GWG events: from none (23.4%, n=875) to one (37.6%, n=707), from none (23.4%, n=875) to two (46.8%, n=427) and from none (23.4%, n=875) to three (54.6%, n=108), P<0.00005 for trend. Obesity prevalence was similar for the same number of excessive GWG events, regardless of parity. No clear pattern emerged for the sequencing of excessive GWG event(s) and later obesity. In our descriptive exploratory study, excessive GWG events appear to be associated with increased prevalence of obesity for parous women, suggesting the importance of preventive interventions regardless of timing of pregnancy-related weight changes over the life course.
Moving and union formation in the transition to adulthood in the United States.

Although previous research has paid attention to profound changes in union formation among young adults, few studies have incorporated moving events in the estimation of union formation. Moreover, less attention has been given to detailed moving experiences in young adults’ life course. Using panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, we examine the relationship between moving and first union formation of young adults in the United States. Moving events are aggregated by distance moved, economic conditions in origin and destination places (i.e. moving within the same county, moving to new counties with better or the same economic conditions, and moving to new counties with worse economic conditions) and the time since a move. Our findings suggest that moving events, regardless of type, are significantly related to first union formation for females while the time since a move is important to union formation of males.
Large Spin‐Relaxation Barriers for the Low‐Symmetry Organolanthanide Complexes [Cp*2Ln(BPh4)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; Ln=Tb, Dy)

Single-molecule magnets comprising one spin center represent a fundamental size limit for spin-based information storage. Such an application hinges upon the realization of molecules possessing substantial barriers to spin inversion. Axially symmetric complexes of lanthanides hold the most promise for this due to their inherently high magnetic anisotropies and low tunneling probabilities. Herein, we demonstrate that strikingly large spin reversal barriers of 216 and 331 cm(-1) can also be realized in low-symmetry lanthanide tetraphenylborate complexes of the type [Cp*2 Ln(BPh4 )] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl; Ln=Tb (1) and Dy (2)). The dysprosium congener showed hysteretic magnetization data up to 5.3 K. Further studies of the magnetic relaxation processes of 1 and 2 under applied dc fields and upon dilution within a matrix of [Cp*2 Y(BPh4 )] revealed considerable suppression of the tunneling pathway, emphasizing the strong influence of dipolar interactions on the low-temperature magnetization dynamics in these systems.
High-Grade Prostate Cancer: Favorable Results in the Modern Era Regardless of Initial Treatment

Purpose. We performed a retrospective study to determine the outcome of a modern cohort of patients with high-grade (Gleason score ≥ 8) prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy. Methods. We identified 404 patients in the South Texas Veteran’s Healthcare System Tumor Registry diagnosed with high grade prostate cancer between 1998 and 2008. Mean follow-up was 4.62±2.61 years. End points were biochemical failure-free survival, overall survival, metastasis-free survival, and cancer-specific survival. Results. 5-year overall survival for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy was 88.9%, 76.3%, and 58.9%, respectively. 5-year metastasis-free survival for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy was 96.8%, 96.6%, and 88.4%, respectively, and 5-year cancer-specific survival was 97.2%, 100%, and 89.9%, respectively. Patients with a Gleason score of 10 and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/mL had decreased 5-year biochemical failure-free and cancer-specific survival. Patients with a pretreatment prostate-specific antigen > 20 ng/mL had decreased 5-year overall survival. Discussion. Even for patients with high-grade disease, the outcome is not as dire in the modern era regardless of primary treatment modality chosen. While there is room for improvement, we should not have a nihilistic impression of how these patients will respond to treatment.
Multisite Interactions Between Pb2+ and Protein Kinase C and Its Role in Norepinephrine Release from Bovine Adrenal Chromaffin Cells

We investigated the interaction between Pb 2+ and protein kinase C (PKC) in the Pb 2+ -induced release of norepinephrine (NE) from permeabilized adrenal chromaffin cells. Our analysis of endogenous PKC activity in permeabilized cells suggests that Pb 2+ interacts with the adrenal enzyme at multiple sites. Pb 2+ activates the enzyme through high-affinity (K A(Pb) =2.4×10 -12 M) interactions and inhibits the enzyme by competitive and non-competitive interactions with nanomolar- (K i =7.1×10 -9 M) and micromolar- (K' i =2.8×10 -7 M) affinity sites, respectively. Activation of PKC by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Ca 2+ -deficient, Pb 2+ -containing medium, enhances the Pb 2+ -induced NE release from permeabilized chromaffin cells by lowering the concentration of Pb 2+ required for half-maximal activation of the secretory response from 7.5×10 -10 to 5.7×10 -1 M. The PKC inhibitors staurosporine and pseudosubstrate PKC (19-36) abolish the effect of TPA without affecting the Pb 2+ -induced secretion in the absence of TPA. These results indicate that (a) Pb 2+ is a partial agonist of PKC, capable of both activating and inhibiting the enzyme and (b) synergistic activation of PKC by TPA and Pb 2+ results in increased sensitivity of exocytosis to Pb 2+ but is not obligatory for Pb 2+ -triggered secretion
A low-storage filter-diagonalization method to calculate expectation values of operators non-commutative with the Hamiltonian: Vibrational assignment of HOCl

Abstract A method based on the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is proposed for calculating expectation values of operators non-commutative with the system Hamiltonian, Ĥ0. It is applicable in both the low-storage filter-diagonalization (LSFD) and Lanczos methods. Specifically, LSFD is used to determine eigenvalues of Ĥ0 and a perturbed Hamiltonian consisting of Ĥ0 and the non-commutative operator Ĥ′: Ĥλ=Ĥ0+λĤ′. The difference between the two spectra yields the expectation values of Ĥ′ without explicit calculating the eigenstates. For an appropriate choice of Ĥ′, information about vibrational assignments can be obtained. As an example, the vibrational assignment of HOCl and its Fermi resonances are analyzed.
Surgeon-industry relationships: ethically responsible management of conflicts of interest.

A representative of Medflow Corporation brings breakfast to all of the morning surgical conferences and talks regularly with residents and faculty. She also provides educational travel funds to you as Chair for departmental use. Some of Medflow's medical products are used at your institution. What answer most accurately characterizes the ethical implications of this relationship?
Opioidergic and dopaminergic gene expression in the caudate-putamen and accumbens of the mutant mouse, tottering (tg/tg)

Expression of preproenkephalin, dynorphin and D2 dopamine receptor mRNAs was examined in selected regions of the forebrain of homozygous and heterozygous tottering mice, using in situ hybridization histochemistry. Homozygous tottering mice carry an autosomal recessive mutation causing them to exhibit petit mal-like epilepsy. Preproenkephalin mRNA levels were significantly higher in the lateral caudate and the core of the nucleus accumbens of homozygous tottering mice compared to wild-type controls. No differences were observed in the expression of dynorphin and D2 receptor mRNA distribution in brain regions examined in the mutant mice as compared to wild-type controls.
The impact of virtual worlds on word-of-mouth: improving social networking and servicescape in the hospitality industry.

Bitner (1992) provided an important contribution to the hospitality literature by extending the discussion of environmental psychology to the field of service marketing research. Her study introduced the importance of viewing service marketing through an environmental psychology lens. Our study extends her work through the application of environmental psychology to better understand how hospitality companies can deliver virtual world social networking and servicescape opportunities. This study develops a research model proposing specific propositions describing the relationship between virtual world social networks and the creation of positive word-of-mouth (WOM), through improved customer-to-business interaction, and customer participation in servicescape opportunities. Practical implications and future research are also discussed.