cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of hydrophobic surfactant proteins on collapse of pulmonary surfactant monolayers.

To determine if hydrophobic surfactant proteins affect the stability of pulmonary surfactant monolayers at an air/water interface, the studies reported here compared the kinetics of collapse for the complete set of lipids in calf surfactant with and without the proteins. Monomolecular films spread at the surface of captive bubbles were compressed at 37°C to surface pressures above 46 mN/m, at which collapse first occurred. The rate of area-compression required to maintain a constant surface pressure was measured to directly determine the rate of collapse. For films with and without the proteins, higher surface pressures initially produced faster collapse, but the rates then reached a maximum and decreased to values <0.04 min−1 above 53 mN/m. The maximum rate for the lipids with the proteins (1.22 ± 0.28 min−1) was almost twice the value for the lipids alone (0.71 ± 0.15 min−1). Because small increments in surface pressure produced large shifts in the rate close to the fastest collapse, compressions at a series of constant speeds also established the threshold rate required to achieve high surface pressure as an indirect indication of the fastest collapse. Both samples produced a sharply defined threshold that occurred at slightly faster compression with the proteins present, supporting the conclusion of the direct measurements that the proteins produce a faster maximum rate of collapse. Our results indicate that at 47–53 mN/m, the hydrophobic surfactant proteins destabilize the compressed monolayers and tend to limit access to the higher surface pressures at which the lipid films become metastable.
The deficit syndrome in the Suffolk County Mental Health Project

Patients with schizophrenia in the Suffolk County Mental Health Project were categorized into groups with (n = 32) and without (n = 52) the deficit syndrome, using a case identification method based on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. The deficit group had a lower level of function at both index admission and 24-month follow-up; these differences could not be attributed to group differences in demographic variables, chronicity of illness, or a greater severity of psychosis in the deficit syndrome group. The number of patients categorized as deficit was greater at 24 months (34%) than at 6 months (25%).
Self-guided ultrasound phased arrays for noninvasive surgery

A dual-mode high-power ultrasound phased array with imaging capability to allow for self-guidance in noninvasive thermal surgery is described. Criteria governing the design of such dual-mode arrays to allow for high therapeutic effciency and adequate image contrast in the target volume are given. Experimental results for characterization of the array in both the imaging and therapy modes are given. Having established the dual-mode capabilities of this array, we have recently conducted a series of experiments in forming discrete and volumetric lesions in freshly excised tissue samples. Experimental results demonstrating the feasibility of visualizing the lesion formation process are presented. Images formed before and after discrete lesion formation have consistently shown increased level of echogenicity at the lesion location. Similar results were obtained for volumetric lesions. These results show that the spatial mapping of the lesion size and shape based ultrasound images obtained using the therapeutic array is feasible.
Robust feature induction for support vector machines

The goal of feature induction is to automatically create nonlinear combinations of existing features as additional input features to improve classification accuracy. Typically, nonlinear features are introduced into a support vector machine (SVM) through a nonlinear kernel function. One disadvantage of such an approach is that the feature space induced by a kernel function is usually of high dimension and therefore will substantially increase the chance of over-fitting the training data. Another disadvantage is that nonlinear features are induced implicitly and therefore are difficult for people to understand which induced features are critical to the classification performance. In this paper, we propose a boosting-style algorithm that can explicitly induces important nonlinear features for SVMs. We present empirical studies with discussion to show that this approach is effective in improving classification accuracy for SVMs. The comparison with an SVM model using nonlinear kernels also indicates that this approach is effective and robust, particularly when the number of training data is small.
On Eliciting Information: Dialogues with Child Informants

This article describes some of the characteristics of questions as they uniquely operate in the ethnographic interview setting. The discussion centers on the dual nature of questions and on their formulation, with specific attention paid to issues of assumptions, categories, and scope. The insights presented on ethnographic questioning in general are then applied to the elicitation of information from child informants.
Improvements in the signal-to-background ratio with hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Abstract An investigation of the effects of torch position and of diameter of the central tube of the ICP torch on signal-to-background ratio and reflected power in hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry has identified conditions under which a stable plasma can be sustained at only 0.5 kW with a five times better signal-to-background ratio for Se than could be obtained at 1.4 kW. The improved performance is attributed to a more efficient introduction of hydrogen to the central channel of the plasma.
Changes in the spermatophoric plasma during spermatophore development and during the spermatophoric reaction in the giant octopus of the north pacific, Octopus dofleini martini

Concentrations of Na, K, Cl, Ca and Mg were measured in the spermatophoric plasma and certain other body fluids of Octopus dofleini martini. The most striking change associated with maturation and passage of the spermatophore in the male reproductive tract, was a decline in the concentration of NaCl in the spermatophoric plasma. This was completely reversed during the spermatophoric reaction owing to influx of salt from the seawater. The outer tunic of a spermatophore undergoing spermatophoric reaction is also permeable to other substances. It allows an influx of inorganic phosphate and glucose, and an efflux of organically bound nitrogen, carbohydrate and aminosugar.
Adverse perinatal outcome in patients screen‐positive for neural tube defects and fetal down syndrome

An association between various abnormal mid-trimester maternal serum analyte values and adverse perinatal outcome has been reported. From an original sample of 14,857 women, we observed five women who were 'screen-positive' for both neural tube defects [maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) > or = 2.5 multiples of the median] and Down syndrome [risk > or = 1/274 using MSAFP, maternal serum unconjugated oestriol (MSuE3), maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG), and maternal age]. The four patients who elected to undergo amniocentesis all demonstrated both normal karyotype and normal amniotic fluid AFP levels. All five cases were associated with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Two cases exhibiting severe IUGR on ultrasound examination were terminated at 19.1 and 21.2 weeks, respectively; the former also exhibited fetal calcifications and positive maternal serology for toxoplasmosis. In another case, fetal demise occurred at 36 weeks' gestation in a patient who had been treated for syphilis in the second trimester. Neither infection was confirmed in fetal tissue studies. Though resulting in live births, the remaining two cases required operative deliveries; emergency Caesarean sections for fetal distress were performed at 38 and 32 weeks, respectively, the latter case being associated with severe pre-eclampsia. We conclude that elevated mid-trimester MSAFP levels concurrent with maternal serum analyte values associated with increased risk for fetal Down syndrome may presage a poor perinatal outcome, particularly IUGR and possibly congenital infection.
Febrile Ulceronecrotic Mucha‐Habermann's Disease with Interstitial Pneumonitis

A case of febrile ulceronecrotic Mucha-Habermann's is presented. This disorder is a severe form of pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) characterized by the sudden eruption of diffuse coalescent ulcerations associated with high fever. In the present case the disease was preceded by the milder typical form of PLEVA. Histologically a leukocytoclastic vasculitis was seen in addition to the usual lymphocytic perivascular and lichenoid infiltrate. During the course of the disease the patient developed an interstitial pneumonitis which resolved concomitantly with the cutaneous lesions. Adenovirus type II recovered at the height of the illness from the patient's urine may have etiologic implications in the pathogenesis of the disease.
On accessing object-oriented databases: expressive power, complexity, and restrictions

A formal framework for studying the expressive power and complexity of OODB queries is developed. Three approaches to modeling sets are articulated and compared. The class of regular OODB schemas supports the explicit representation of set-valued types. Using an object-based semantics for sets, the regular schemas correspond to most implemented OODB systems in the literature; a value-based semantics for sets is also introduced. Without restrictions, both of these approaches support the specification of all computable queries. Assuming that the new operator is prohibited, the query language of the regular OODB schemas under the object-based semantics is complete in PSPACE; and under the value-based semantics it has hyper-exponential complexity. The third approach to modeling sets is given by the algebraic OODB model, in which multi-valued attributes rather than set-valued types are supported. method implementations can use operators stemming from the relational algebra, and do not have side-effects. The query language of algebraic OODBs is more powerful than the relational algebra but has complexity bounded by PTIME. The expressive power and complexity of data access for other variations of OODBs are also considered. Finally, a new relational query language, called algebra + pointwise recursion, is introduced. This is equivalent to the algebraic OODB language, and can compute generalized transitive closure.
Analysis of current and shot noise correlations in a double quantum dot interferometer with interdot spin interactions

We examine an electron Aharonov-Bohm (AB) interferometer with individual quantum dots connected in parallel to macroscopic leads. Here, we focus on the effect that both interdot spin-spin exchange interactions and intradot spin flips have on the current- and frequency-dependent current shot noise. By appropriate control of AB magnetic flux, interdot Coulomb repulsion, intradot spin flips, and interdot spin-spin coupling, the probability amplitudes for the different paths of the interferometer can be controlled, leading to broad tunability of both the shape and the contrast of interference fringes in the current. We also show that in the shot noise at finite frequencies corresponding to the spin-spin interaction energies, the noise shows a pronounced super-Poissonian and sub-Poissonian structure. AB flux, which is not an integer multiple of $2\ensuremath{\pi}$, dramatically suppresses the correlations in the shot noise.
Isolation of helper T cells from the peripheral blood of normal donors, using serum from a patient with agammaglobulinemia

Abstract Serum from a patient with agammaglobulinemia was found to contain antibody reactive with a subset of normal T lymphocytes. This subset, designated AGG + , was shown to express the properties associated with helper T cells. The addition of AGG + cells to B cells caused an increase in the number of plaque-forming cells, whereas the AGG − population was unable to enhance Ig production. In addition, the AGG + population was unable either to recognize or to kill allogeneic cells, with recognition and killing events being carried out by AGG − T cells. The relationship of this subset to other subsets defined by reactivity with auto- or heteroantibody was examined.
Computer scientists' responsibility to educational research: A dynamic medium for creative thought

A computing engine of sufficient power can both simulate existing media and provide new framewords for creative ideas. It must be personal, portable, and inexpensive. Movies of such a (hard) system/(soft) language designed and built for “children of all ages” will be shown.
Ultracold atoms: On the ladder

Trapping rubidium atoms in narrow lattices provides insight into the quantum mechanics of collections of interacting particles. This innovative approach reveals a phase transition similar to one found in superconductors.
Anytime heuristic search for partial satisfaction planning

We present a heuristic search approach to solve partial satisfaction planning (PSP) problems. In these problems, goals are modeled as soft constraints with utility values, and actions have costs. Goal utility represents the value of each goal to the user and action cost represents the total resource cost (e.g., time, fuel cost) needed to execute each action. The objective is to find the plan that maximizes the trade-off between the total achieved utility and the total incurred cost; we call this problem PSP Net Benefit. Previous approaches to solving this problem heuristically convert PSP Net Benefit into STRIPS planning with action cost by pre-selecting a subset of goals. In contrast, we provide a novel anytime search algorithm that handles soft goals directly. Our new search algorithm has an anytime property that keeps returning better quality solutions until the termination criteria are met. We have implemented this search algorithm, along with relaxed plan heuristics adapted to PSP Net Benefit problems, in a forward state-space planner called Sapa^P^S. An adaptation of Sapa^P^S, called Yochan^P^S, received a ''distinguished performance'' award in the ''simple preferences'' track of the 5th International Planning Competition.
Spike sorting: a novel shift and amplitude invariant technique

Abstract This paper deals with the spike classification problem encountered in multi-unit recordings of neural activity in the brain. We recently developed a new methodology for estimating and classifying multi-units recorded by means of multichannel silicon probes from the observed spike trains (Proceedings of the ICASSP’01, May 2001, pp. 2813–2816; Proceedings of the IEEE 35th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, November 2001). In this work, we demonstrate the robustness of the technique to single unit spike amplitude variation often encountered in burst activity or long term chronic recordings. In low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios where variability in spike threshold crossings during classical detection is always a problem, we show that the technique is extremely robust to shifts in spike event times. Results showing the efficiency of the algorithm from simulated and experimental data are presented.
Generalized thermodynamic properties of real gases: Part I. Generalized PVT behavior of real gases

The object of this paper, first in the series dealing with the generalized thermodynamic properties of real gases, is to present generalized compressibility charts in the reduced temperature range of 1.0 to 15.0 and a reduced pressure range of 0 to 40.0. A detailed summary of deviations of the present charts with PVT values of different gases is presented. A summary of the comparison of the present charts with the existing charts is also given.
Survey of Female Gynecologic Oncologists and Fellows: Balancing Professional and Personal Life

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to determine how female gynecologic oncologists have dealt with the challenge of combining childbearing and a career in gynecologic oncology and to identify other issues which need to be addressed to improve job satisfaction. Methods. This survey of female members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists and fellows addressed demographics, timing of childbearing, type and cost of childcare, satisfaction with childcare choices, and mentorship. Those without children were queried about plans and reservations. Open-ended questions investigated how female gynecologic oncologists felt job satisfaction could be improved. Results. A total of 65/110 (59%) attendings and 18/36 (50%) fellows responded. Three-fourths of respondents felt that the ideal time to have children was postfellowship. Timing of childbearing caused moderate to severe stress in the personal relationships of 23% of respondents. Median maternity leave was 6 weeks (1–120 days). Seventy-eight percent of female gynecologic oncologists with children employed a nanny. Over half of the respondents estimated weekly childcare cost at over $400. A successful balance between family and full-time practice was the most commonly cited quality of an ideal mentor. Sixty-six percent of the respondents replied to open-ended questions with narrative answers, revealing three major areas for improvement: childcare issues, increased flexibility in hours and duties (clinical, surgical, and research), and the need for more female mentoring. Conclusions. This survey highlighted the concerns of female gynecologic oncologists about achieving a successful balance between family and professional duties. It also revealed the ways in which women have responded and identified other issues that may be targeted to improve job satisfaction.
On Electron Acceleration by Electric Field

Critical electric fields have been derived above which electrons are freely accelerated overcoming electrostatic instabilities driven by electron current. Two-stream instability and trapped particle instability are considered as the major drag effects on electrons.
Scale freeness in factor analysis

The notion of scale freeness does not seem to have been well understood in the factor analytic literature. It has been believed that if the loss function that is minimized to obtain estimates of the parameters in the factor model is scale invariant, then the estimates are scale free. It is shown that scale invariance of the loss function is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for scale freeness. A theorem that ensures scale freeness in the orthogonal factor model is given in this paper.
The philicity of phenoxychlorocarbene toward styrenes

Abstract When generated by the thermolysis of 3-phenoxy-3-chlorodiazirine, phenoxychlorocarbene is an ambiphile in addition reactions with styrene derivatives.
Spanning properties for fuzzy matroids

Abstract In this paper we investigate the fuzzy analogs of some well known properties of the span of subsets of crisp matroids.
Abstract 4888: The novel cytokine IL-17D at the intersection of cellular stress and tumor immunity

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Our laboratory has recently identified a novel role for the cytokine IL-17D as an important mediator of the antitumor immune response; and, the loss of IL-17D as a key component of tumor progression. Our data show for the first time that overexpression of the cytokine IL-17D is sufficient to induce tumor rejection or growth delay. Tumors expressing IL-17D displayed an increased infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells, which gave way to a commensurate increase of M1-type macrophages. While examining the regulation of IL-17D, we came across the surprising finding that IL-17D can be induced by oxidative stress signals via the transcription factor nrf2. Nrf2, responsible for regulating the expression of the anti-oxidant response element genes, is known as the primary cellular responder to oxidative stress. Although the role of nrf2 in cancer biology has been well studied, the role of nrf2 in the regulation of immune responses (particularly via IL-17D) has yet to be defined. We find that nrf2 is necessary to induce IL-17D expression in a variety of tumor and non-tumor cells, and that this regulation is active in tumor progression. These studies constitute an intriguing and novel connection between oxidative cellular stress and immune activation. Citation Format: Robert Saddawi-Konefka, Jack Bui. The novel cytokine IL-17D at the intersection of cellular stress and tumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4888. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4888
A strain of Serratia marcescens pathogenic for larvae of Lymantria dispar : Infectivity and mechanisms of pathogenicity

The ED50 of a strain of Serratia marcescens for microinjected instar III and IV gypsy moth larvae was 7.5 and 14.5 viable cells, respectively. Percentage and rate of mortality were found to be highly variable among replicates of the same instar and between instars in free-feeding bioassays. Mortality in second instar larvae occurred before ecdysis, whereas practically no mortality occurred in third and fourth instars until the molting period. Neither Boivin endotoxin preparations nor culture filtrates were toxic to instar III larvae when administered per os or by microinjection. Histological evidence indicated that the microorganism invaded the hemocoel of healthy or predisposed insects through the gut wall. The rapid multiplication of the bacterium in the hemocoel of infected insects, followed by death in the absence of extensive tissue damage, indicated mortality was due to a septicemia. The histological and biological evidence presented indicated that the microorganism would be less than effective if utilized as a conventional microbial insecticide.
Prediction of residual stresses and strains in cold-formed steel members

The objective of this paper is to provide an unambiguous mechanics-based prediction method for determination of initial residual stresses and effective plastic strains in cold-formed steel members. The method is founded on basic physical assumptions regarding plastic deformations and common industry practice in manufacturing. Sheet steel coiling and cross-section roll-forming are the manufacturing processes considered. The structural mechanics employed in the method are defined for each manufacturing stage and the end result is a series of closed-form algebraic equations for the prediction of residual stresses and strains. Prediction validity is evaluated with measured residual strains from existing experiments, and good agreement is shown. The primary motivation for the development of this method is to define the initial state of a cold-formed steel member for use in a subsequent nonlinear finite element analysis. The work also has impact on our present understanding of cold-work of forming effects in cold-formed steel members.
Heterogeneous diffusion effects in polycrystalline microstructures

Diffusion in polycrystalline microstructures is influenced by two factors that are not considered in a simple continuum material description. These are kinetic effects, where the diffusivities of grain boundaries differ from those of the grains, and free-energy effects, where the driving force for diffusion is dependent on a free energy function that includes the phase of the diffusion medium as well as its composition. Simulation studies of kinetic diffusion effects in two-dimensional polycrystalline microstructures obtained from the Potts model have shown that the compositional gradients resulting from these effects are transitory in nature, and that average diffusivities are dependent on microstructural features such grain size, diffusion bottlenecks in grain boundary paths, and model lattice artifacts. Similar studies of free-energy effects using the phase-field model show that metastable grain boundary segregation of components occurs, and that the rate and nature of grain growth can be influenced by an imposed composition gradient. Collectively, these studies show that the two simulation techniques, finite-difference solutions of fast grain boundary diffusion in the polycrystalline microstructures obtained from the Potts model and phase-field model solutions of diffusion in evolved and evolving microstructures with spatially dependent chemical potentials, are complementary in studying diffusional effects in polycrystalline microstructures.
Fostering an ethical organization from the bottom up and the outside in

Abstract Despite the best efforts of corporate compliance officers, boards of governance, auditors, and regulators, corporate misconduct continues to plague our markets. In this thought-provoking installation of Accounting Matters, we argue that efforts to fight fraud and other forms of corporate misconduct have failed, in part, due to the systematic approach employed toward a problem that is irregular, complex, and extends well beyond the boundary of the firm. By drawing upon research from the field of behavioral ethics to suggest a new approach that does more than just stress formal control systems, we illustrate how executives may strengthen organizational ethics through informal practices that work from the ‘bottom up’ and the ‘outside in.’ Our review includes practical recommendations regarding how to create shared responsibility for ethical leadership, how to empower employees to achieve both economic and ethical ends, how to enlist the aid of key stakeholders in identifying problems before they grow and spread, and how to redesign compliance practices to address the complex nature of corporate misconduct.
Thermomechanical behavior of polarizable and magnetizable electroconductive solids subjected to induction heating

This paper presents a mathematical and numerical model developed for coupled time-dependent electromagnetic, temperature and mechanical processes, which occur in polarizable and magnetizable electroconductive solids subjected to an electromagnetic field generated by external currents. The electromagnetic field in the solid and in its surroundings is described by Maxwell’s equations. The temperature variation in the solid is governed by the classical heat-transfer equation. To predict the stress–strain state of the solid, a nonisothermal theory for thermoplastic materials is used. The model takes into account the temperature dependence of all material coefficients and the nonlinear dependence of the induction on the strength of both the electrical and the magnetic fields. The problem is solved by a finite-element method and a unified set of single time-step algorithms. As an example, the process of high-temperature induction heating of a finite cylinder is considered.
Expression, purification and characterization of codon-optimized human N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli.

Abstract N -Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair enzyme, initiates excision repair of several N -alkylpurine adducts, deaminated and lipid peroxidation-induced purine adducts. MPG from human and mouse has previously been cloned and expressed. However, due to the poor expression level in Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and multi-step purification process of full-length MPG, most successful attempts have been limited by extremely poor yield and stability. Here, we have optimized the codons within the first five residues of human MPG (hMPG) to the best used codons for E. coli and expressed full-length hMPG in large amounts. This high expression level in conjunction with a strikingly high isoelectric point (9.65) of hMPG, in fact, helped purify the enzyme in a single step. A previously well-characterized monoclonal antibody having an epitope in the N-terminal tail could detect this codon-optimized hMPG protein. Surface plasmon resonance studies showed an equilibrium binding constant ( K D ) of 0.25 nM. Steady-state enzyme kinetics showed an apparent K m of 5.3 nM and k cat of 0.2 min −1 of MPG for the hypoxanthine (Hx) cleavage reaction. Moreover, hMPG had an optimal activity at pH 7.5 and 100 mM KCl. Unlike the previous reports by others, this newly purified full-length hMPG is appreciably stable at high temperature, such as 50 °C. Thus, this study indicates that this improved expression and purification system will facilitate large scale production and purification of a stable human MPG protein for further biochemical, biophysical and structure–function analysis.
Statistical Analysis of Nondisjunction Assays in Drosophila

Many advances in the understanding of meiosis have been made by measuring how often errors in chromosome segregation occur. This process of nondisjunction can be studied by counting experimental progeny, but direct measurement of nondisjunction rates is complicated by not all classes of nondisjunctional progeny being viable. For X chromosome nondisjunction in Drosophila female meiosis, all of the normal progeny survive, while nondisjunctional eggs produce viable progeny only if fertilized by sperm that carry the appropriate sex chromosome. The rate of nondisjunction has traditionally been estimated by assuming a binomial process and doubling the number of observed nondisjunctional progeny, to account for the inviable classes. However, the correct way to derive statistics (such as confidence intervals or hypothesis testing) by this approach is far from clear. Instead, we use the multinomial-Poisson hierarchy model and demonstrate that the old estimator is in fact the maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE). Under more general assumptions, we derive asymptotic normality of this estimator and construct confidence interval and hypothesis testing formulae. Confidence intervals under this framework are always larger than under the binomial framework, and application to published data shows that use of the multinomial approach can avoid an apparent type 1 error made by use of the binomial assumption. The current study provides guidance for researchers designing genetic experiments on nondisjunction and improves several methods for the analysis of genetic data.
Resource allocation in broadband networks-cell, burst or connection level?

Traditional data-communication services can be expected to consume only a small fraction of the available bandwidth when B-ISDN services become a reality. A variety of new communications services, ranging from continuous bit-rate digital video to highly bursty image traffic with very small activity ratios (typically close to 3%, with characteristics markedly different from data services are propelling the need for developing more efficient resource allocation and routing protocols. The level of granularity of bandwidth allocation for these bursty sources is the subject of investigation in this paper. The different choices for allocation granularity, viz., cell, burst and connection levels are discussed and compared. ON-OFF models are used to represent bursty sources. We employ MMPP models to approximate the superposition of several ON-OFF sources and investigate the delay performance of the different allocation policies at an ATM multiplexer. Results reveal that the multichannel allocation at the cell level) allocation offers an order of magnitude performance improvement compared to unichannel (allocation at the connection level) allocation. >
A non-linearly stable implicit finite element algorithm for hypersonic aerodynamics

A generalized curvilinear coordinate Taylor weak statement implicit finite element algorithm is developed for the two-dimensional and axisymmetric compressible Navier-Stokes equations for ideal and reacting gases. For accurate hypersonic simulation, air is modeled as a mixture of five perfect gases, i.e., molecular and atomic oxygen and nitrogen as well as nitric oxide. The associated pressure is then determined via Newton solution of the classical chemical equilibrium equation system. The directional semidiscretization is achieved using an optimal metric data Galerkin finite element weak statement, on a developed 'companion conservation law system', permitting classical test and trial space definitions. Utilizing an implicit Runge-Kutta scheme, the terminal algorithm is then nonlinearly stable, and second-order accurate in space and time on arbitrary curvilinear coordinates. Subsequently, a matrix tensor product factorization procedure permits an efficient numerical linear algebra handling for large Courant numbers. For ideal- and real-gas hypersonic flows, the algorithm generates essentially nonoscillatory numerical solutions in the presence of strong detached shocks and boundary layer-inviscid flow interactions.
On the performance of soft Reed-Solomon decoding for magnetic recording channels with erasures

The impact of erasures on the performance of soft-decision Reed-Solomon (RS) decoding for partial-response-equalized magnetic recording channels has been investigated, and the results compared with a similar system using a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. The system using soft-decision RS decoding exhibits better performance than the one using an LDPC code when the length of a continuous erasure exceeds a certain threshold.
Threshold superposition in morphological image analysis systems

It is shown that four composite morphological systems, namely morphological edge detection, peak/valley extraction, skeletonization, and shape-size distributions obey a weak linear superposition, called threshold-linear superposition. The output image signal or measurement from each system is shown to be the sum of outputs due to input binary images that result from thresholding the input gray-level image at all levels. These results are generalized to a vector space formulation, e.g. to any finite linear combination of simple morphological systems. Thus many such systems processing gray-level images are reduced to corresponding binary image processing systems, which are easier to analyze and implement. >
Caring for Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain

Priscilla D. Abercrombie, RN, NP, PhD, AHN-BC, is a health sciences clinical professor, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a complex condition that severely affects quality of life, impedes physical functioning, and inhibits the ability to work or perform the usual activities of daily living for many women. In addition, CPP affects psychological well-being and interpersonal relationships. Sexual pain is common and coupled with depression and anxiety can lead to strained intimate relationships. Women often consult their primary care providers first regarding the source of their pain. If the cause of CPP is not found, they are then referred to a number of different specialists, including gynecologists, urologists, and gastroenterologists. As a result, they endure a myriad of invasive and noninvasive diagnostic tests, such as colonoscopy, cystoscopy, and laparoscopy that are used to examine the organs of the pelvis. If no pathology is found or their pain is not sufficiently resolved, women may resort to the advice of a psychiatrist, pain management specialist, or alternative care provider. Chronic pelvic pain has a profound impact on women’s lives, so they are willing to go to great lengths to find the source of their pain and to obtain relief. Unfortunately, many women do not find a definitive cause for their CPP, and their encounters with the health care system leave them feeling frustrated, invalidated, and hopeless.
Doppler flow velocimetry of the splenic artery in the human fetus: is it a marker of chronic hypoxia?

Abstract OBJECTIVE: The aim of this investigation was to describe splenic artery flow velocity waveforms in the appropriate- and small-for-gestational-age human fetus. STUDY DESIGN: Splenic artery flow velocity waveforms were prospectively obtained from 95 appropriate- and 15 small-for-gestational-age fetuses with pulsed Doppler ultrasonography. The resistance index was used to quantify the Doppler waveform. RESULTS: A second-degree polynomial model expressed the changes of the resistance index in appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses with advancing gestation ( y = 0.057 x [Weeks] - 0.001 x 2 , r = 0.53, p CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that some small-for-gestational-age fetuses have decreased resistance at the level of the splenic artery. We postulate that the increased erythropoietin level, stimulated by hypoxia, results in decreased resistance at the level of the splenic artery in small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Finally, management of the small-for-gestational-age fetus may be aided by the study of the splenic artery waveforms.
Solution-SBR Powders

Abstract This paper describes the advantageous cross-fertilization of solution-masterbatch technology and powdered-rubber processing. A nonlatex method has been developed for the preparation of free-flowing solution-SBR powders. The factors affecting powder particle size and morphology have been identified. Optimization of the preparative variables has resulted in dry-blendable solution-SBR powders. As a consequence of a low shear history, the solution-SBR powder blends show distinctive rubber-filler, rheological, and physical properties. For example, unvulcanized solution-SBR powder compounds evince higher molecular weights and lower bound-rubber contents than conventional mixes. Yet, the microscopic filler dispersion of these two types of compounds appears similar. Uncured solution-SBR powder blends also exhibit stiffer rheological behavior than conventional mixes. Furthermore, this stiffness tends to persist in the vuleanizates derived from these powdered compounds. Vulcanizate excellence depends prima...
Recent Progress in Bifurcation Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews recent progress in bifurcation theory. To begin with, bifurcation theory deals with the analysis of branch points of nonlinear functional equations in a vector space, usually a Banach space. The subject of bifurcation is an important topic for applied mathematics in as much as it arises naturally in any physical system described by a nonlinear set of equations depending on a set of parameters. When discussing applied problems, stability considerations are unavoidable. In fact, the phenomenon of bifurcation is intimately associated with the loss of stability. A complete resolution of the branching problem therefore requires an analysis of the stability of the bifurcating solutions. When the nonlinear equations are invariant under a transformation group, the invariance is inherited by the bifurcation equations, and this fact may aid considerably in their analysis. Thereafter, the branching problem in the case of higher multiplicities is considerably more complicated. The assumption of some kind of group invariance is a natural one, and the importance of this aspect of bifurcation theory has attracted the attention of a number of workers in recent years. Moreover, the appearance of cellular solutions can be described mathematically as the bifurcation of doubly periodic solutions.
Treatment team in conflict: the wishes for and risks of consensus.

THIS ARTICLE explores the clinical, systemic, and interpersonal dynamics of conflict between therapists on a treatment team. It considers treatment implications in regard to how therapists handle conflicts with one another, and focuses attention on the pressure they experience to resolve differences and reach consensus. Specifically, the author suggests that the therapist's ability to tolerate a lack of consensus, and to understand and accept conflicting perspectives with respect to a given patient, can help that patient begin to tolerate and integrate his or her own ambivalent feelings. Such integrative efforts may enable the patient to eventually deal with conflicting affects more directly within a single therapeutic relationship.
Microscale Isoelectric Focusing in Solution

Current methods for quantitatively comparing complex protein profiles such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), 2-D differential in-gel electrophoresis (DIGE), and liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) have limited resolution and dynamic ranges and therefore detect only a small portion of complex proteomes. To enhance protein profiling of complex samples, including human cell lines, tissue specimens, and plasma samples, complex proteomes can be prefractionated with microscale solution isoelectric focusing (MicroSol IEF). MicroSol IEF is compatible with most downstream proteome analysis methods including narrow range 2-D gels and 1-D gels followed by LC-MS/MS or LC/LC-MS/MS. This chapter describes the use of MicroSol IEF followed by 1-D and 2-D DIGE. The method has the advantage of more extensive proteome coverage compared with conventional 2-D DIGE alone. Furthermore, the use of fluorescent labeling before MicroSol IEF avoids any complications resulting from slight run-to-run variations during MicroSol IEF fractionation or the subsequent 2-D gel separations. The combination of DIGE and MicroSol IEF produces a powerful method for more comprehensive and quantitative comparison of protein profiles of complex proteomes.
Bump It With a Trumpet: On the Value of Our Research to Management Education

Pearce and Huang (2012, this issue) argue that management research has had woefully little impact. In support of this contention, they attempt to demonstrate that there has been a decline in “actio...
The Effect of Intrinsic Passivation Stress on Stress in Encapsulated Interconnect Lines

The stress in an encapsulated metal line has been calculated using the finite element technique for two passivation stress conditions. It is found that the stress-state in the passivation has a negligible effect on the stress in the metal line. The dominant factors affecting metal line stress are the passivation temperature, the thermal expansion coefficient difference between the metal line and the substrate, and the passivation modulus.
A CFD Study of Wake-Induced Transition on a Compressor-Like Flat Plate

Recent experimental work has documented the importance of wake passing on the behavior of transitional boundary layers on the suction surface of axial compressor blades. This paper documents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a commercially-available general-purpose CFD solver, performed on a representative case with unsteady transitional behavior. The study implements a new, advanced version of a three-equation eddy-viscosity model previously developed and documented by the authors, which is capable of resolving boundary-layer transition. It is applied to the test cases of steady and unsteady boundary-layer transition on a 2-D flat plate geometry with a freestream velocity distribution representative of the suction side of a compressor airfoil. The CFD results are analyzed and compared to a similar experimental test case from the open literature. Results with the new model show a dramatic improvement over more typical RANS-based modeling approaches, and highlight the importance of resolving transition in both steady and unsteady compressor aero simulations.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Clinical Analysis of Recurrent Kawasaki Disease in 22 Children

Objective To investigate the clinical features of recurrent Kawasaki disease(KD) and the relationship between recurrent KD and coronary artery lesions(CAL). Methods The clinical data of 22 children with recurrent KD hospitalized in Wuhan Children′s Hospital from Jan.2003 to Dec.2010 were retrospectively studied and compared with their initial onset.The data were analyzed by SPSS 11.0 software. Results Compared with the initial KD group,the total fever duration was remarkably shorter in the recurrent KD group [(8.0±2.3) d vs(10.1±3.1) d,P0.05].There was no significant difference in the levels of white blood cell count,platelets,hemoglobin,C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,fibrinogen and the incidence of CAL between the 2 groups(Pa0.05).The recurrent KD group received intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) earlier than the initial KD group [(6.5±1.3) d vs(8.4±2.9) d,P0.01],but the defervescence time after IVIG treatment had no significant difference between the 2 groups(P0.05). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of recurrent KD are similar to initial KD.Recurrent KD may be not associated with an increased incidence of CAL.The total fever duration of recurrent KD is remarkably shorter,which may due to early recognition and timely treatment.
“Bear Witness” and “Build Legacies”: Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Trans* Autobiography

After examining the historical tradition of twentieth-century autobiography by transsexual-identified writers, this article analyzes two contemporary life narratives: Alex Drummond's Grrl Alex: A P...
MOLECULES, NANOPHYSICS AND NANOELECTRONICS

The way that we deal with individual atoms and molecules has been fundamentally changed by the scanning probe microscope. It has provided researchers with new visions of the nanoworld and has offered deep insights into the behaviour of atoms, molecules and surfaces. But scanning probe microscopes can do much more than look at the nanoworld – they can also manipulate and control single atoms and molecules. And as these microscopes become more powerful and flexible, they have the potential to provide even deeper insights into basic science and to drive new technologies in the 21St century.
Combined soil-terrain stratification for characterizing catchment-scale soil moisture variation

Abstract Soil properties and terrain characteristics influence spatiotemporal patterns of soil moisture across a watershed. To improve the predictive power of landscape hydrologic models, it is essential to consider both soil and terrain attributes when stratifying a catchment into similar hydrologic functional units. In this study, we developed and validated a new catchment-scale stratification scheme for the Shale Hills watershed by combining soil and terrain attributes in an attempt to delineate soil-landscape units with similar soil moisture dynamics. Terrain was combined with soils information by first using a Random Forest supervised classification algorithm to predict a detailed soil map using 47 field soil samples and terrain variables derived from 1-m LiDAR. A slope class map generated from the LiDAR-derived digital elevation model (DEM) was overlaid on the predicted soil map to delineate areas of similar slope value across the catchment. We compared the performance of this new stratification scheme with two classical stratification schemes, a soil map developed from detailed field survey and a landform unit map based on the DEM, for estimating soil moisture time-series across the forested watershed. The combined soil-terrain method outperformed classical stratification schemes in estimating soil moisture time-series over a 4-year period. Our results demonstrate that combining soil and terrain attributes can help improve the stratification of a catchment into similar soil hydrologic functional units, which is valuable to distributed hydrology modeling and other applications.
Doctoring Undercover: updating the educational tradition of shadowing.

ABSTRACTBackground: Premedical students are educated in basic biological and health sciences. As a complement to traditional premedical coursework, medical school applicants are encouraged to shadow practitioners, with the hope that observation will introduce students to the culture and practice of healthcare. Yet the shadowing experience varies widely across practitioners and institutions; resources that guide students’ critical reflection and structure the experience are scarce.Development: A pilot experiential learning course, Doctoring Undercover: Shadowing and the Culture of Medicine, was developed to fill this gap. The course consisted of three parts: an introduction to medical culture through the disciplines of medical sociology, history, anthropology, and bioethics; a site placement in which students applied these fields’ analytical techniques to the study of medical culture and practice; and the development of an online activity guide that other premedical students may adapt to their shadowing ci...