cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Exposure to Maternal Depression During Year 2 of a Child’s Life and Future Child Problem Behavior

We examined the association of exposure to maternal depression during year 2 of a child’s life with future child problem behavior. We conducted a secondary analysis to investigate whether race/ethnicity is a moderator of this relationship. We used Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study data (age 3 N = 3288 and 49% Black, 26% Hispanic, 22% non-Hispanic White; age 5 N = 3001 and 51% Black, 25% Hispanic, 21% non-Hispanic White; age 9 N = 3630 and 50% Black, 25% Hispanic, 21% non-Hispanic White) and ordinal logistic regression to model problem behavior at ages 3, 5, and 9 on maternal depression status during year 2. At age 9, children whose mother was depressed during year 2 were significantly more likely to have higher internalizing (AOR = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.42,2.61) and externalizing (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.10,2.48) problem behavior scores. In our secondary analysis, race/ethnicity did not have moderating effects, potentially due to a limitation of the data that required use of maternal self-reported race/ethnicity as a proxy for child race/ethnicity. Exposure to maternal depression after the prenatal and perinatal periods may have a negative association with children’s behavioral development through age 9. Interventions that directly target maternal depression during this time should be developed. Additional research is needed to further elucidate the role of race/ethnicity in the relationship between maternal depression and child problem behavior.
Increased Dynamic Flexibility in the Medial Temporal Lobe Network Following an Exercise Intervention Mediates Generalization of Prior Learning.

Abstract Recent work has conceptualized the brain as a network comprised of groups of sub-networks or modules. “Flexibility” of brain network(s) indexes the dynamic reconfiguration of comprising modules. Using novel techniques from dynamic network neuroscience applied to high-resolution resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study investigated the effects of an aerobic exercise intervention on the dynamic rearrangement of modular community structure—a measure of neural flexibility—within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) network. The MTL is one of the earliest brain regions impacted by Alzheimer’s disease. It is also a major site of neuroplasticity that is sensitive to the effects of exercise. In a two-group non-randomized, repeated measures and matched control design with 34 healthy older adults, we observed an exercise-related increase in flexibility within the MTL network. Furthermore, MTL network flexibility mediated the beneficial effect aerobic exercise had on mnemonic flexibility, as measured by the ability to generalize past learning to novel task demands. Our results suggest that exercise exerts a rehabilitative and protective effect on MTL function, resulting in dynamically evolving networks of regions that interact in complex communication patterns. These reconfigurations may underlie exercise-induced improvements on cognitive measures of generalization, which are sensitive to subtle changes in the MTL.
Research and application of computer data mining technology in energy saving and emission reduction of thermal power plant

Over the past few years, the shortage of coal supply leads to higher coal price, majority of power plants burned blended coal instead of designed coal as the main energy source, which leads to a significant decrease in boiler efficiency and combustion performance. Improving boiler efficiency, reducing coal consumption and energy conservation are critical tasks for power plant. Boiler operating at the optimal combustion stage can increase the economic efficiency of combustion and reduce NOx emission. Optimization can be achieved through adjustment made by manual and automatic control system with accurate real-time relevant combustion data. Due to technology restriction, system can not obtain accurate measurements such as coal ash content and air content in the furnace and without accurate information the system can not operate. This paper focuses on the calculation model run by powerful data mining computer to find the optimal operation stage through inputting parameters such as low calorific value of coal, oxygen content of flue gas, mixed air volume of mill inlet and carbon content of fly ash of thermal system of thermal power unit into DCS system. Throughout a two years test and trial, the system has achieved remarkable results, it can obtain a more accurate measurement than the existing equipment. Finally, it is officially implemented to AGC, Rb, coordination, analog control system and consumption difference analysis system and successfully achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Machine learning prediction of mortality in the common desert shrub Encelia farinosa

Abstract Two populations of the common shrub Encelia farinosa in the northern and southern portions of the Mojave Desert have been surveyed each spring for nearly 40 years, providing an opportunity to assess highly variable shrub mortality in an arid ecosystem. Most of the newly established shrubs experienced mortality during the juvenile stage, with median survival time of about three years in both populations yet, a small number of shrubs lived for at least a dozen years or even decades. Applying machine learning techniques, we predicted shrub mortality at different life-history stages using random forest and logistic regression. First, we examined seedling survival to become yearlings (one-year old plants), finding that less than 3% of seedlings in both populations survived to become established yearling shrubs. Second, we predicted whether or not yearlings would die prior to reaching the mature adult stage (four years old). The models achieved an Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC) in the 0.80 range for the Oatman population (southern Mojave Desert) and 0.90 range for the Death Valley population (northern Mojave Desert). We found yearling characteristics of smaller shrub size, low leaf coverage, and location in specific microsites associated with experiencing mortality before reaching the mature stage. Third, using only the average juvenile plant characteristics over the first four years of life, we predicted whether or not new adult shrubs were likely to experience mortality within the next eight years. The performance in this application achieved AUC in the 0.72 range for both populations. We found adult Encelia farinosa shrubs that had juvenile characteristics of smaller size, flowered less frequently, and had smaller inter-plant distances for the Oatman population were associated with increased mortality within the next eight years. Overall, the size of the shrub was the most important feature for the mortality modeling applications. No significant difference in AUC was found for random forest and logistic regression.
Defining Terms and Establishing Priorities

This chapter describes the work of three computer terminology glossary projects: Edmund Berkeley’s periodical publications in Computers and Automation, IRE committees’ compilations of electronic computer terminology into “Definitions of Terms” glossaries, and the subsequent ACM committee compiling specialized terminology for computer programming as distinguished from computer machine design. These efforts illustrate the importance of institutional support for language standardization efforts, especially as computer developers were putting in place elements that were necessary for establishing computer science as a profession separate from mathematics, electrical engineering, and physics.
Evaluation of probabilistic and deterministic life-cycle cost analyses for concrete bridges exposed to chlorides

Abstract Owners and designers are increasingly dealing with infrastructure maintenance to ensure adequate level of performance and functioning required by current standards. Corrosion of reinforcement is one of the major factors that reduces the durability of concrete structures. Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have emerged as an effective non-corrosive alternative to traditional steel reinforcement (CS), especially for bridges located in chloride-laden environments. This paper aims to undertake probabilistic and deterministic Life-Cycle Costs (LCC) analyses for: a) an entirely FRP-reinforced concrete bridge; and, b) a conventional reinforced concrete (RC)/prestressed concrete (PC) bridge; assumed to be located in different corrosion intensity locations of Florida. The deterministic LCC analysis is investigated as a function of varying chloride concentrations for different locations in Florida. A probabilistic analysis is then performed to account for uncertainties in the deterministic model based on a selected coefficient of variation value. For each maintenance intervention, the probabilistic model yields a range of potential effects produced on the LCC by the same cause, ultimately producing more realistic results. The probabilistic model is validated through the input of maintenance and repair cost data from actual in-service bridges. In the probabilistic model, the repair cost is evaluated as a smooth curve, and the results are sensitive to the selection of the coefficient of variation adopted. The probabilistic model allows for better estimation and prediction of the range of long-term LCC behavior of both bridge alternatives. The CS-RC/PC alternative is found to be a high-risk design alternative with higher range (cost spread) and increased LCC. Data available to validate the probabilistic model show a promising match and revealed that the CS-RC/PC alternatives may become costlier earlier in time with a higher degree of probability.
A Rapid and Versatile Scheme for Decoupled Electromagnetic Potential with Perfect Electric Conductor

We present a fast and geometrically flexible approach to solve electromagnetic (EM) potential by imposing Lorenz gauge condition. Our scheme is implicit, linear-time, high-order, A-stable, and works based on the method of lines transpose (MOLT) approach. It first discretizes in time and operates space by averaging the Laplacian. The integration is successively convolved with a free-space Green's function using a fast-recursive compact Simpson's quadrature based algorithm1. Specifically, our studies cover the experiments of EM potential behaviors in perfect electric conductor (PEC) structure.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Aspects

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The incidence is particularly high in Africa and Asia.1–8 Accurate figures on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma are not available due to the inclusion of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma as primary liver and biliary tract cancer.7, 9
Semiconductor Electrodes XVI . The Characterization and Photoelectrochemical Behavior of n‐ and Electrodes in Acetonitrile Solutions

The photoelectrochemical behavior of n‐type and p‐type is investigated in acetonitrile solutions containing various redox couples. The cyclic voltammograms of the semiconductor electrodes in the dark and illuminated with red light are compared to the Nernstian behavior at a Pt disk electrode. The photodissolution of the semiconductors was surpressed and did not occur until potentials well positive of the flatband potential. An underpotential (negative overpotential) was developed on the photoassisted oxidation (n‐type semiconductor) and reduction (p‐type material) of solution species. Intermediate levels or surface states are shown to be capable of mediating electron transfer and limiting the magnitude of the underpotential produced. It is also shown that the production of surface films at potentials negative of the conduction bandedge can produce a photovoltaic effect with the assisting in electron transfer. Thus, photoassisted electron transfer with electroactive solution species is observed spanning a potential range greater than 2.5V utilizing a 1.35 eV photon.
Yrast Trapping in Heavy Ion Compound Nucleus Reactions

A distinguishing feature of heavy-ion reactions is that large l-wave transfers have a significant probability because of the large center-of-mass of the interacting system. When a compound nucleus is formed, states of very high J are populated. In the de-excitation sequences, nucleon emission proceeds as a statistical process until the phase space is reduced by energy and J-dependent effects. At this stage of de-excitation, α-particle and γ-ray emission may favorably compete with nucleon evaporation at energies greater than nucleon binding energies. The yrast curve, the locus of J-states of lowest energy as a function of excitation energy, represents the limit of the phase space. The slope of the yrast curve can reflect specific properties of the ground state of the nucleus such as a predominance of high-J quasi-particle configurations. Nuclei in the region of N=126 possess this property. It is the purpose of this study to determine whether compound nucleus reactions in this region are sensitive to the predicted high density of large J-states at low excitation energy.
From Tourist to Planner: Preparing for Affect in Henri Dunant’s A Memory of Solferino

Henri Dunant visited Italy to find Napoleon III in order to make a financial appeal. Shortly after Dunant’s arrival, he witnessed the 1859 Battle of Solferino, a particularly brutal moment in the attempts to unify Italy. From witnessing the battle and the care for the wounded, Dunant wrote A Memory of Solferino to call for a peacetime organization that would better administer care for the wounded. In his appeal Dunant counts on significant affective responses from his audience, yet he emphasizes administration and planning as the way to manage and channel the overwhelming affective responses that come from war.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Plastics Molded from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Modified Soy Protein Isolates

Soybean protein is a potential material for manufacturing of biodegradable plastics. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of plastics made from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-modified soy proteins. Soy protein isolate (SPI) was prepared from defatted soy flour, modified with various concentrations of SDS, and then molded into plastics. The temperatures of denaturation of the modified soy protein increased at low SDS concentration and then decreased at high SDS concentration. At the same SDS concentration, the plastics molded from the modified soy proteins showed a similar temperature of denaturation, but a lower enthalpy of denaturation compared to the modified soy protein. Young's modulus of the plastics decreased as SDS concentration increased, and the tensile strength and strain at break of the plastics reached a maximum value at 1% SDS modification. Two glass transition temperatures were identified corresponding to the 7S and 11S globulins in SPI by dynamic mechanical analysis, and they decreased as SDS concentration increased. The SDS modification increased the water absorption of the plastics.
Efficacy and persistence of a granulosis virus against infestations of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on raisins.

Abstract Laboratory tests were conducted on the temperature stability of a formulation of a granulosis virus of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner). Efficacy of the formulation on raisins during extended high temperature storage was of particular interest as was the ability of the formulation to control incipient populations in the commodity. Two concentrations of the formulation were tested at temperatures of 27, 32, and 38°C storage for 0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months to determine the influence of temperature on efficacy. The efficacy against previously infested raisins was determined at 27°C and with three concentrations of the formulation. The studies confirm the high level of control that can be obtained with this virus. At 32 and 38°C efficacy was substantially reduced after 1–3 months in storage. However, raisins would rarely be subjected to these higher temperatures for long periods without affecting quality. When incipient populations were treated, varying degrees of control were obtained depending on dosage and the age of larvae at the time of treatment. Control of the survivor's progeny was at least as good as that of the originally treated insects.
HYDROTHORAX SECONDARY TO A PERINEPHRIC PSEUDOCYST IN A CAT

Hydrothorax was identified in a 14-year-old Siamese cat with a pre-existent perinephric pseudocyst. The pleural fluid was classified as a low-protein transudate. Intrapseudocystic scintigraphy confirmed a direct communication between the pseudocyst and the pleural space. The hydrothorax resolved following pseudocystectomy and unilateral nephrectomy, demonstrating that the psendocyst caused the hydrothorax.
Insensitivity of the Rate of Decomposition of Peroxynitrite to Changes in Viscosity; Evidence against Free Radical Formation

Peroxynitrite is a versatile and important biological oxidant that is produced from the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Two mechanisms have been proposed to rationalize oxidation ...
Abstract B40: MiR-30c-2-3p participates in a regulatory feedback loop to inhibit the progression of chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells

Although many patients achieve a period of remission, serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma remains incurable because untreatable chemoresistant disease develops after first-line chemotherapy. The general lack of knowledge in understanding the molecular mechanisms that evolve in chemoresistance and the absence of ‘targetable’ molecules to exploit therapeutically is a major obstacle preventing an improvement in mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are naturally-produced, small noncoding RNA molecules that modulate gene transcription by fine-tuning messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and acting as mRNA co-repressors or co-activators. The mitogenic lipid, lysophosphatidic acid, and the epidermal growth factor mediate a significant increase in miR-30c-2-3p, which then participates in a regulatory feedback loop to inhibit viability, growth and proliferation of both chemo-sensitive and –resistant cells. Because a single miRNA can target hundreds of transcripts, we wanted to understand which mRNAs are targeted by miR-30c-2-3p and what is the extent of its ability to alter normal processes like survival, growth and proliferation through post-transcriptional modifications. In our study, we uncovered that miR-30c-2-3p targets the oncogene transcript for BCL9, which is a protein that promotes tumor progression, proliferation and metastasis. We hypothesize that the perpetuation of incessant, extracellular, mitogenic signaling overwhelms the anti-growth feedback loop mechanism supported by miR-30c-2-3p. Thus, the growth factor lysophosphatidic acid, which is abundantly present in ascites fluid, is a significant barrier to the successful treatment of chemoresistant ovarian tumors. Our data will demonstrate the effects of lysophosphatidic acid in both in vitro and in vivo models of ovarian cancer. Our long-term goal is to better understand the molecular mechanisms which evolve simultaneously with chemoresistance in ovarian tumor progression. Citation Format: Mandi Murph, Wei JIa, Molly Altman, Ha Nguyen. MiR-30c-2-3p participates in a regulatory feedback loop to inhibit the progression of chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B40.
Realization of an Active Narrow Band Filter with Electronically Controlled Defects in a Microwave Bandgap Structure

Microwave band gap structures (MBG) utilizing fixed defects have received much interest because of their ability to operate as narrow band filters. With the recent interest in reconfigurable wireless devices, the need for electronically controllable narrow band filters is on the rise. By altering the defects in a MBG crystal, the transmission properties of the crystal can be changed. Using this concept, a microwave band gap crystal utilizing PIN diode defect structures has been simulated, fabricated, and tested. Through the control of the PIN diode bias current, the transmission effects caused by the crystal defects can be altered. Experiments demonstrating contrasts of more than 30 dB between the diode-on and diode-off states are presented along with FDTD simulation results.
Fairy tales, folk narrative research and history

(1989). Fairy tales, folk narrative research and history. Social History: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 343-357.
TCL‐1, MTCP‐1 and TML‐1 gene expression profile in non‐leukemic clonal proliferations associated with ataxia‐telangiectasia

We analyzed the role of 4 genes, TCL-1, MTCP-1, TML-1 and ATM, in the early pathogenesis of T cell leukemia, with particular interest in the characteristics of long-standing non-leukemic clonal proliferations in ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients. Five patients were studied: 4 patients had A-T (2 of whom had non-leukemic clonal proliferations [ATCP]), 1 had B cell lymphoma and 1 had T-ALL; a fifth patient with T-PLL did not have A-T. We measured the levels of expression for TCL-1, MTCP-1 and TML-1. TCL-1, not expressed in unstimulated mature T cells, was upregulated in the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of the 2 A-T patients with ATCP. It was also expressed in the malignant cells of the A-T patient with B cell lymphoma and the T-PLL cells of the patient without A-T. In the same cells, MTCP-1 type A was expressed equally in all 5 patients, as well as in the controls; MTCP-1 type B transcripts were not observed. TML-1, also not expressed in unstimulated T cells, was expressed in the PBL of one A-T patient with ATCP and in the leukemic cells of the non-A-T T-PLL patient. These expression patterns were compared to cellular immunophenotypes. The non-leukemic clonal T cell populations had the characteristics of immature T cells. We conclude that TCL-1 and TML-1 play a role in cell proliferation and survival but are not pivotal genes in the progression to malignancy, even when the ATM gene is mutated. Additional genetic alterations must occur to initiate tumorigenesis. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Food and Faith in Christian Culture

This collection of essays asks the central question: “Have Christians used food and its associative practices to shape, strengthen, and/or spread their faith?” (1) The answer provided in each of th...
The role of the surgeon in the evolution of flexible endoscopy

Several cultures, including the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, and Arabs, made attempts to view accessible human body cavities using a variety of instruments such as spatulas and specula. The first endoscope was created in 1806 when Phillip Bozzini, a German-born urologist, constructed the lichtleiter, which used concave mirrors to reflect candlelight through an open tube into the esophagus, bladder, or rectum. Maximilian Carl-Friedrich Nitze, another German urologist, produced the first usable cystoscope in 1877 by using series of lenses to increase magnification. He was also the first to place light inside the organ of interest to aid visualization. In 1880 Mikulicz made the first gastroscope using a system similar to Nitze's cystoscope. Modern endoscopy was born with the introduction of the fiberoptic endoscope in the late 1950s. Over the ensuing 50 years endoscopy revolutionized many aspects of the surgeon's practice. Endoscopy can now be used to diagnose and often treat gastrointestinal cancer, hemorrhage, obstruction, and inflammatory conditions. This review was initiated by the SAGES Flexible Endoscopy Committee to chronicle the role of the surgeon in the development and introduction of flexible endoscopy into clinical practice, historically and in contemporary surgery. Flexible endoscopy evolved out of surgeons' need to overcome diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. There have been many recent technological advances that facilitate endoluminal therapies, and flexible endoscopy is now traversing new ground. Surgeons have been major contributors in the development of all aspects of endoscopy. There is a continually expanding list of therapeutic options available to patients. The difficult questions of which procedure, on which patient, and when can be answered best by the surgeon versed in endoscopic, laparoscopic, and open surgical techniques.
Hart's Concluding Scientific Postscript

It has often and correctly been remarked that the Hart-Fuller debate of 1956–1969 set the agenda for Anglo-American jurisprudence in the last half of the twentieth century. The nature of law, of legal obligation, of legal authority, and of law's relation to morality were the questions that debate made central to jurisprudence as we have since practiced it.
Determination of Baghouse Performance from Coal and Ash Properties: Part I

Baghouse performance at utility coal-fired power plants is determined by baghouse design, operating procedures, and the characteristics of the ash that is collected as a dustcake on the fabric filter. The Electric Power Research Institute has conducted laboratory research to identify the fundamental properties of dustcake ash that influence baghouse performance. A database was assembled including measured characteristics of dustcake ash and data describing operating parameters and performance of full-scale and pilot-scale baghouses. Semi-empirical models were developed that describe the effects of particle morphology, particle size, ash cohesivity and ash chemistry on filtering pressure drop and particulate emissions. Cohesivity was identified as the primary ash characteristic affecting baghouse performance. Predictions of performance can be based on physical or chemical characterizations of the ash to be filtered. Part II of this article will discuss the effects of ash and coal chemistry, and baghouse de...
END‐OF‐DAY PRICING IN THE U.S. TREASURY MARKET: A COMPARISON OF GovPX AND THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK

We compare end-of-day indicative U.S. Treasury prices from GovPX and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). We find that the two sources rarely quote identical prices, and differences are not simply due to noise or rounding. The average bid price differential is 2 cents for notes and bonds, but it is only 1/10 of 1 cent for bills. Bid-ask spreads in both sources appear to be largely artificial and contain limited information. Finally, we find that the end-of-day indicative FRBNY bid prices are closer to true intraday GovPX market quotes than end-of-day indicative quotes provided by GovPX itself.
Employee quality of life in corporate location decisions

Purpose – To provide a method for the corporate real estate director to gather information about the quality of life (QOL) desires of key employees at a new corporate location.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a discussion of a personal survey technique that can be used to gather information about the QOL concerns and needs of key employees regarding new locations the firm might be considering as possible expansion or relocation sites.Findings – The publicly disseminated QOL rankings in popular magazines about metropolitan areas provides only marginally important information for the corporate officer in charge of making a relocation decision, because the information is not directly linked to the employees who will be affected by the move.Practical implications – The discussion of the contents of a personal survey will provide the means to discover the significant benefits perceived by the key employees about the new location and a means to discover any major concerns, issues and problems ab...
Gain and loss of esteem as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness

Abstract In a laboratory experiment, coeds interacted in two-person groups over a series of brief meetings. After each meeting the subjects were allowed to eavesdrop on a conversation between the experimenter and her partner in which the latter (actually a confederate) evaluated the subject. There were four major experimental conditions: (1) the evaluations were all highly positive; (2) the evaluations were all quite negative; (3) the first few evaluations were negative but gradually became positive; (4) the first few evaluations were positive but gradually became negative. The major results showed that the subjects liked the confederate best when her evaluations moved from negative to positive and least when her evaluations moved from positive to negative. The results were predicted and discussed in terms of a “gain-loss” notion of interpersonal attractiveness.
Adsorption mechanisms, structures, and growth regimes of an archetypal self-assembling system: Decanethiol on Au(111)

We present a study using several techniques of the growth of decanethiol monolayers deposited on single-crystal gold surfaces. Through independent measurements of coverage, energetics, and structure as a function of the growth rate and temperature, we provide a quantitative, in-depth description of the molecular processes by which these aliphatic molecules ``self-assemble'' into highly ordered structures in the absence of a solvent. We find that the multiple-energy scales present in these systems produce distinct adsorption mechanisms, structures, and growth regimes, indicating a complexity that is likely to be a general characteristic of this broad class of self-assembling systems.
Distance and number of retail stores: Land area as a proxy for distance

This article examines the relationship between distance and the number of retail stores in SMSA's and states by using land area as a proxy for distance between stores and consumers. Correlation analysis showed no statistically significant relationship between land area and the number of stores. This lack of relationship is attributed to the inadequacy of the land area variable as a proxy for distance. Consequently, actual measures of distance are needed to appraise the relationship between distance and numbers of retail stores.
Systems of Differential Equations of Alternately Retarded and Advanced Type

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to study oscillatory and stability properties of linear systems of differential equations with piecewise constant argument in which the argument has a fixed point in each interval of a certain length. The results obtained solve a problem proposed by I. Gyori and G. Ladas.
The democratic nuclear interaction in relative S states

Abstract A simple relative l=0 interaction is obtained by setting all relative matrix elements of a given spin equal to each other. The nuclear matrix elements are nearly equal for this interaction and the standard l=0 interactions such as the Kallio-Koltveit interaction, although the relative matrix elements are quite different.
Directional Site Resonances Observed from the 1 October 1987 Whittier Narrows, California, Earthquake and the 4 October Aftershock

Abstract We present evidence that sites often resonate preferentially in a particular compass direction. The 1 October 1987 mainshock and 4 October 1987 aftershock in the Whittier Narrows, California, sequence had very different focal mechanisms. Nevertheless, at 8 of 11 strong‐motion stations for which digitized records of both events are available, the direction of strongest shaking in the two events was much more similar than would be expected from their different mechanisms. The coincidence of the polarizations from the two events was greatest at frequencies with peaks in the amplitude spectra, suggesting that site amplification and directional resonances are linked. Knowledge of directional site resonances may aid in predicting the directions of damaging earthquake motions.
Observational experiences of intrapersonal conflict and teenage victimization: A comparative study among spouses and cohabitors

This study drew from the National Family Violence Resurvey of 1985 provided by Straus and Gelles. Five thousand one hundred fifty nine married and cohabiting couples were asked about violent experiences and observations in their family of orientation. These experiences were categorized by the degree of severity as well as its frequency. Intrafamilial conflict impacts on behavior in intimate relationships. The status of the relationship also contributes to the vulnerability towards victimization. Specifically, cohabitors were more likely to engage infuture violentrelationships than spouses given similar patterns of teenage victimization and observation. One explanation for the variation may include anticipation of nonfamilial violence over familial violence. Society fears violence at the hands of a stranger more so than a family member. This affects the greater acceptability to engage in violence with a partner who remains nonfamilial. Past studies have addressed the cycle of violence theory in explaining predictability. Nevertheless, this study initiates the comparison of unique populations within intergenerational transfer research. It proposes that more research needs to be conducted to better understand variation patterns among various victim populations. In other words, why some groups are more vulnerable to victimization and perpetration given similar background experiences should be explored.
Astrophysical bound on the majoron-Higgs-boson coupling

Abstract We show that the coupling of the “standard” Higgs boson to majorons, that could lead to a very fast decay of the neutral Higgs scalar to invisible modes, can be bounded using astrophysical arguments. We discuss the relevance of this bound for low-energy phenomenology related to majoron production. The bound so obtained may also jeopardize the stability of the VEV hierarchy in the doublet and triplet majoron models if the mass of the top quark is less than the W mass. A similar analysis may be applied to other models which exhibit Goldstone-or pseudo-Goldstone-bosons in the spectrum.
Ligand Conformational Effects on the Resonance Raman Signature of [Fe4S4(SAryl)4]2- Clusters†

Low-temperature (77 K) resonance Raman (RR) spectra are reported for a series of analogues of [4Fe−4S] iron−sulfur proteins, (nBu4N)2[Fe4S4(SR)4], where SR- = tp (1), 3,5-dmtp (2), 2,4-dmtp (3), and 2,6-dmtp (4) (tp = thiophenol and dmtp = dimethylthiophenol). Structural influences of these different terminal thiolates on the RR signature of the [4Fe−4S]2+ core are presented. Both the cluster and terminal ligand Fe−S vibrational modes are identified and assigned through 34S isotope substitution of analogues 1 and 4 at the cluster sulfur position. The characteristic RR frequencies of the four compounds provide new insights into the vibrational and electronic properties of the iron−sulfur cluster due to the ligand conformation changes. The RR spectra demonstrate a significant D2d distortion of each cluster, and an energy crossing is observed for the T2 terminal (t) and bridging (b) Fe−S stretching modes above 350 cm-1 of 1 and 4 in response to changes in the Sb−Fe−St bond angles imposed by different geometr...
Guest Editors' Introduction: Connected Youth

Today's youth are shaping the frontier of digital media in general, and mobile technology in particular. This special issue features applications with a youth focus, studies of how youth are appropriating pervasive technology, and a glimpse of how our lives will change when "pervasive" technology finally lives up to its name.
Turning Tregs into class I suppressors.

In this issue of Blood , Plesa et al demonstrate that human Foxp3+ regulatory T cells can be redirected using MHC class I–restricted T-cell receptors (TCRs), showing a surprising lack of correlation of TCR affinity and their suppressive potency.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Retargeted class I MHC-
Microvalve for SMA-based CHAD

This paper describes the development of a micro-machined passive check valve for an SMA-based compact hybrid actuator device (CHAD). The overall diameter of the valve is 12 mm and the thickness is 1 mm. The structure houses an array of 56 micro check valves. Each micro valve has a 250 μm diameter orifice covered by 10 mm thick nickel flap. Stoppers on each micro valves limit the displacement of the flaps during an opening. This design allows the Ni flaps to withstand high-pressure gradient created by the actuator while achieving high flow rate. A finite element analysis is used to characterize the static and dynamic behaviors of the valve flap for the prediction on flow rate. The prediction is found to be in good agreement with the experiment on static flow rate. The test results indicate that the flaps are able to withstand pressure difference of 0.28 MPa while achieving flow rate of 20 cc/sec. The valve also has low cracking pressure and reverse leakage.
Establishing a Bayesian predictive survival model adjusting for random effects

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), sometimes referred to as pre-leukemia or smoldering leukemia, is a group of diseases usually characterized by failure of the bone marrow to produce enough normal blood cells. In about one-third of patients, the disease transforms into acute leukemia. In high-risk MDS, the bone marrow contains too many immature blood cells known as blasts. Patients with high-risk MDS survive for an average of 6-12 months. We have taken data from a large clinical trial and re-examined it considering the pre-leukemia as a random event in a Weibull distribution model. The issue becomes that of examining the affect of the variable on the predictive survival. We have taken the intercept, stress effect and shape parameter of the distribution to be random effects as well with realistic prior distributions based on previous shapes of the survival experience of subjects with this disease. We demonstrate how the model performs under relevant clinical conditions. The conditions are all tested using a Bayesian statistical approach allowing for the robust testing of the model parameters under various stress conditions which we introduce into the model. The convergence of the parameters to stable values are seen in trace plots which follow the convergence patterns This allows for precise estimation for determining clinical conditions under which the survival pattern will change. We give a numerical example of our results. The major platform for the theoretical development follows the Bayesian methodology and the multiple parameter Weibull model with random effects having carefully chosen hyper parameters. We have implemented the basic infrastructure for the analysis using the commercially available WinBugs software employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology.
Platelet-activating factor receptor and ADAM10 mediate responses to Staphylococcus aureus in epithelial cells

In the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, overproduction of mucus leads to morbidity and mortality by obstructing airflow and shielding bacteria from antibiotics. Here we demonstrate that overproduction of mucus is a direct result of the activation of mucin gene expression by Gram-positive bacteria. Bacterial lipoteichoic acid activates the platelet-activating factor receptor, which is G protein-coupled. This results in activation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM10), kuzbanian, cleavage of pro heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Unlike responses in macrophages, the epithelial-cell response to lipoteichoic acid does not require Toll-like receptor 2 or 4.
Bioanalytical data in decision making: discovery and development.

1. Bioanalysis is traditionally associated with the development phase of drugs; its use in discovery programmes is often ignored but can have a major impact. 2. Pharmacokinetic studies conducted in conjunction with pharmacology screening can provide additional information to that considered in conventional structure activity relationships. Such factors as half-life and bioavailability can be critical in designing improved drugs. 3. Analytical methods in discovery programmes may differ from those used in later development work: for instance bioassay allows a common assay system for a large number of project compounds. Moreover its use, when combined with conventional methods, such as h.p.l.c., allows active metabolites to be readily detected. 4. Bioanalytical data generated in discovery and pre-clinical programmes are a valuable guide to early clinical programmes. Plasma concentration-response data from these programmes can be compared with those obtained in man. Such comparisons are particularly valuable during the phase one-initial dose escalation study. To maximize this it is our practice to generate pharmacokinetic data between each dose increase.
Hormone receptors: VI. On the nature of the binding of glucagon and insulin to human circulating mononuclear leukocytes.

Abstract Several characteristics of the binding of insulin and glucagon to human circulating mononuclear leukocytes have been studied. Functional analysis (latex bead ingestion) revealed that cell mixtures, as prepared according to Boyum and used generally in studies of insulin resistance in humans, consist of 20–29% phagocytic monocytes, with the remainder being lymphocytes. Partial separation of monocytes from lymphocytes on columns of Sephadex G-10, followed by correlation of insulin binding with cell type, confirms that the monocyte is the binding species. Insulin influenced neither glucose uptake nor the further conversion of glucose to lipids and CO2 by the leukocytes. The transport of α-aminoisobutyrate, a nonmetabolizable amino acid, into these cells was also unaffected by insulin. Monocyte/lymphocyte mixtures specifically bound glucagon and prostaglandin E1. At physiological concentrations of these hormones, steady states were reached in 15 min and 45 min, respectively. In contrast to the 8–10-fold increases in cellular cyclic AMP produced by prostaglandins, the effect of glucagon was very small but apparently real. Under appropriate preincubation conditions, sodium azide and iodoacetamide inhibited phagocytosis and insulin binding in parallel. The binding of glucagon was unaffected by these agents. Although both antimycin A and actinomycin D inhibited phagocytosis of the monocytes, only the former inhibited insulin binding; there was only a slight effect on glucagon binding. We would conclude that the binding of insulin to human circulating monocytes, although reflective of insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus and obesity, may not be to traditional receptors. In contrast, the binding of glucagon to lymphocyte/monocyte mixtures may be to function-linked receptors.
Effects of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration in fasted and fed rats.

Abstract A number of sex-related differences in the metabolism of drugs, steroids and xenobiotics have been reported in studies on rats. Generally, male rats tend to metabolize these compounds more efficiently than females. In the studies presented here, male and female rats were fasted for 24–48 hr, and the effects of fasting on total hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 were examined. Hepatic cytochrome P-450, as determined by CO difference spectra, was increased significantly as a percentage of control in microsomes from fasted female rats when compared to fasted male rats. Cytochrome P-450 concentration increased from 0.57 ± 0.07 nmole/mg protein to 0.99 ± 0.08 nmole/mg protein following a 24-hr fast. In male rats, cytochrome P-450 levels were essentially unaffected by the 24-hr fast. Cytochrome b 5 concentration was not altered by fasting. When female rats were fasted for 24 hr and refed, cytochrome P-450 levels were not significantly different from cytochrome P-450 levels in continuously fed animals. Treatment of fasted female rats with the protein synthesis inhibitor ethionine, or the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D, prevented the induction of cytochrome P-450 in the fasting animal. Cytochrome P-450 concentration in fed animals was not affected significantly by either inhibitor. Induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) under fed and fasted conditions was also investigated in male and female rats. Xenobiotic-induced cytochrome P-450 concentration was significantly higher in fasted female hepatic microsomes when compared to microsomes from fed female rats. Fasting did not significantly affect xenobiotic-induced cytochrome P-450 in male rats. Our results suggest that fasting in female rats results in an increase in cytochrome P-450 which is dependent upon synthesis of RNA and protein.
On the role of patch density and patch variability in central-place foraging

Abstract Existing models of the foraging behavior of single-prey loaders in patchy environments differ on whether the optimal forager is predicted to stay in a patch until a prey is found, or to leave a patch for a next one if a prey is not found by a certain “deadline.” This article examines conditions on the probability distribution of prey density across patches that are necessary or sufficient for the existence of a finite, optimal deadline. It is shown that, for environments in which prey density is variable but never falls below some strictly positive level, a finite, optimal deadline exists when and only when the spatial density of patches is “high.” Also, a characterization is given of a large class of distributions (including the gamma distribution) for which a finite, optimal deadline exists for all levels of spatial density of patches.
CHROMOSPHERIC VARIABILITY IN SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY M DWARFS. II. SHORT-TIMESCALE Hα VARIABILITY

We present the first comprehensive study of short-timescale chromospheric H{alpha} variability in M dwarfs using the individual 15 minute spectroscopic exposures for 52, 392 objects from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our sample contains about 10{sup 3}-10{sup 4} objects per spectral type bin in the range M0-M9, with a typical number of three exposures per object (ranging up to a maximum of 30 exposures). Using this extensive data set, we find that about 16% of the sources exhibit H{alpha} emission in at least one exposure, and of those about 45% exhibit H{alpha} emission in all of the available exposures. As in previous studies of H{alpha} activity (L{sub H{alpha}/}L{sub bol}), we find a rapid increase in the fraction of active objects from M0-M6. However, we find a subsequent decline in later spectral types that we attribute to our use of the individual spectra. Similarly, we find saturated activity at a level of L{sub H{alpha}/}L{sub bol} {approx} 10{sup -3.6} for spectral types M0-M5 followed by a decline to about 10{sup -4.3} in the range M7-M9. Within the sample of objects with H{alpha} emission, only 26% are consistent with non-variable emission, independent of spectral type. The H{alpha} variability, quantified in terms of themore » ratio of maximum to minimum H{alpha} equivalent width (R{sub EW}), exhibits a rapid rise from M0 to M5, followed by a plateau and a possible decline in M9 objects. In particular, variability with R{sub EW} {approx}> 10 is only observed in objects later than M5, and survival analysis indicates a probability of {approx}<0.1% that the R{sub EW} values for M0-M4 and M5-M9 are drawn from the same distribution. We further find that for an exponential distribution, the R{sub EW} values follow N(R{sub EW}) {proportional_to} exp[ - (R{sub EW} - 1)/2.3] for M0-M4 and {proportional_to}exp[ - (R{sub EW} - 1)/2.9] for M5-M9. Finally, comparing objects with persistent and intermittent H{alpha} emission, we find that the latter exhibit greater variability. Based on these results, we conclude that H{alpha} variability in M dwarfs on timescales of 15 minutes to 1 hr increases with later spectral type, and that the variability is larger for intermittent sources.« less