cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vasopressor use in free tissue transfer surgery.

Abstract Objective To document the frequency of vasopressor use in free tissue transfer surgery and to compare the incidence of flap complications and flap survival in patients receiving or not receiving intraoperative vasopressors. Study Design and Setting Case series with chart review of free tissue transfers performed between 2004 and 2006 at a large-volume tertiary academic hospital. Results Of 241 free flaps, 169 had data available for analysis. Flap survival was 96.5 percent. The rate of other flap complications was 29 percent. A total of 139 (82%) patients received vasopressors intraoperatively. Of these, four (2.9%) flap failures and 40 (29%) complications occurred. In the 30 (18%) patients who did not receive vasopressors, two (6.7%) flap failures and nine (30%) complications occurred. The most common reasons for flap failure were arterial thrombus (n = 3) and thrombosis of the venous pedicle (n = 3). Conclusion Intraoperative vasopressors are used more frequently than previously realized but do not appear to increase overall flap failure and the incidence of complications. Intraoperative vasopressor use in free flap surgery may not be as harmful as previously feared.
Isolation of two subpopulations of Mycobacterium avium within human macrophages.

Mycobacterium avium is an intracellular pathogen that is associated with disseminated infection in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were infected with M. avium strain 101 and a quinolone (Bay y 3118) was used at 8 μg ml−1, a concentration that kills growing bacteria but fails to eliminate static organisms. Infected monolayers were treated with Bay y 3118 for 4 days and viable bacteria obtained from the lysis of macrophages were used to infect other macrophages without passage in media. The procedure was repeated five times, after which seven different subpopulations that failed to grow within macrophages were identified. While the DNA fingerprinting confirmed that all came from the same strain, three protein profiles were observed. Static subpopulations were not killed by cytokine-stimulated macrophages, in contrast to the replicating subpopulation. Three of the static subpopulation strains were shown to be auxotrophic for glutamic acid or methionine. All seven non-duplicating subpopulation strains grew well in complete 7H10 agar. The importance of a static subpopulation of M. avium within macrophages is presently unknown. It is possible, however, that the non-growing bacteria would persist within macrophages.
IMP‐L3, a 20‐hydroxyecdysone‐responsive gene encodes Drosophila lactate dehydrogenase: Structural characterization and developmental studies

IMP-L3, a gene isolated as a potential mediator of imaginal disc morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, encodes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The predicted amino acid sequence of IMP-L3 is 58-61% identical to those of human LDHs. In cultured imaginal discs, IMP-L3 transcript levels and LDH enzyme activity increase in response to the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone. In embryos, IMP-L3 transcript and LDH activity appear in developing somatic muscles by late stage 13, well before the onset of muscular contraction. High levels of transcript and LDH activity persist throughout embryogenesis and throughout larval development. The gene has been localized by in situ hybridization and deficiency mapping to 65A7-65B2 on the third chromosome. LDH activity is reduced to approximately 50% of wild type in animals heterozygous for a deficiency that removes the 65A-B region. Embryos deficient for the 65A-b region lack LDH activity. We conclude that IMP-L3 is the only gene that encodes LDH in Drosophila.
N = 50 SHELL GAP EVOLUTION AND PARTICLE HOLE EXCITATIONS IN 82 Ge, 84 Se AND 86 Kr

The two excited 0+ states of the neutron-rich nuclei 82Ge, 84Se and 86Kr are explained as 2-particle 2-hole (2p–2h) excited states associated with two different open-shells of Z = 28–50 and 28–40. Also, a configuration of 1p–1h 7+ state is assigned to the 3689 keV state in 82Ge. These 1p–1h and 2p–2h excitation energies support the decreasing of the N = 50 shell gap when Z changes from 40 to 32. A N = 50 shell gap of 3.67 MeV for 78Ni is extracted from an extrapolation of the known data.
A two‐parameter Weibull function to describe airborne dust particle size distributions

A number of mathematical distributions have been proposed for the description of the particle size distribution of unconsolidated sediments. However, few studies have mathematically described aeolian dust particle size distributions. RecentworkhasshownmathematicallyhowthesequentialfragmentationofmaterialsleadstoaWeibulldistribution.Since the breakage of aggregates by saltating grains is a primary mode of aeolian dust production, we test the hypothesis that the Weibull distribution may be used to describe airborne soil grains. Surface samples were collected from 52 sites including soils,dirtroadsandroadsideditchesintheSouthernHighPlainsofwestTexas.ThesamplesweretumbledintheLubbock dust generation, sampling and analysis system to generate a dust cloud. The particle size distribution of the dust was measuredinsitubylaserdiffractionandPM10concentrationwasdeterminedgravimetrically(PM10 = airborneparticulate matter with diameter10 m). This study demonstrated that the Weibull cumulative distribution function (c.d.f.) is an excellentchoicetodescribetheparticlesizedistributionofdustsuspendedfrommineralsediment.AWeibullc.d.f.usedto describethedustcloudsizedistribution,accountedfor94percentofthevariationinestimatesofparticles50mdiameter. The fraction of dust particles10 m diameter, as estimated using the Weibull, was not correlated to suspended PM10 concentration. However, the fraction of particles10m was correlated with properties of the sediment from which the airborne dust was derived. As clay content increased, the total amount of suspended dust increased and the fraction of suspendedparticles10minthedustclouddecreased.Analysesofvarianceshowednosignificantdifferences(P< 005)
Conectar la enseñanza a las tecnologías interconectadas - ¿Por qué es importante? La perspectiva de un diseñador pedagógico

Este articulo identifica la disociacion entre las demandas del lugar de trabajo y la ensenanza universitaria. Subraya la importancia de ofrecer formacion continua al profesorado en el ambito de la ensenanza interconectada y pone de relieve el papel del disenador pedagogico para ayudar al profesorado a integrar herramientas de comunicacion social en sus cursos de un modo pedagogicamente apropiado. Un ejemplo de este tipo de practica es el aprendizaje interconectado que utiliza medios de comunicacion social en cursos y programas de educacion superior en linea. Partiendo de la teoria del conectivismo y de la idea del aprendizaje interconectado, este articulo describe las distintas formas de animar y aconsejar a los profesores asociados y a distancia a adoptar medios y redes de comunicacion social.
An Oxygen Isotope Study of Illite and Calcite in Three Appalachian Paleozoic Vertic Paleosols

ABSTRACT The oxygen isotope compositions of pedogenic calcite and illite in three Paleozoic vertic red bed paleosols record a complex history of pedogenic and diagenetic processes. The paleosols are preserved in the upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Mauch Chunk (Pennsylvania), Hinton (West Virginia), and Pennington (Tennessee) Formations in the Appalachian Basin and were buried to 7-8 km (230-260°C), 3-4 km (100-145°C), and 1.5-3 km (70-100°C), respectively. The submicron-size clay fractions of the paleosols are presently composed of R3-ordered illite/smectite (I/S), inferred from K-Ar dates and soil morphology to have been authigenically produced by the reaction of smectite to illite. Oxygen isotope fractionations, calculated pore-fluid compositions, and K-Ar dates were used to constrain the conditions and timing of I/S and pedogenic calcite (re)crystallization in each of the paleosols. The data were interpreted in light of three possible end-member environments for formation and recrystallization: (1) the pedogenic environment; (2) the burial diagenetic environment; and (3) a burial environment dominated by hot, tectonically driven fluid. The 18O values of pedogenic calcite and authigenic I/S in vertic red bed paleosols generally reflect recrystallization and exchange during burial diagenesis and are thus not suitable for interpretation of paleoenvironment or paleoclimate. The involvement of orogenic fluids during burial cannot be ruled out, but it is not required by any of the paleosols. In the coastal-margin Pennington Formation paleosol, I/S formation may have been initiated in the pedogenic environment in response to cyclical wetting and drying of the soil clay matrix. Continued smectite transformation and coarsening and ordering of I/S during a long period of shallow burial led to its isotopic reequilibration with pore fluids at slightly elevated temperature, but oxygen isotope compositions of pedogenic calcite in the paleosol are preserved.
An improved algorithm for low-pass to bandpass transformations

An algorithm is presented for computing the coefficients of a continuous-time bandpass transfer function that was obtained by applying the standard transformation to a normalized low-pass prototype. The method has all the desirable features of a recently described algorithm by S.A. Dyer (1987) while achieving increased computational efficiency through use of a recursion relation. >
Light absorption coefficient measurement of SOA using a UV–Visible spectrometer connected with an integrating sphere

Abstract A method for measuring an aerosol light absorption coefficient ( B a ) has been developed using a conventional UV–visible spectrometer equipped with an integrating sphere covering a wide range of wavelengths (280–800 nm). The feasibility of the proposed method was evaluated in both the transmittance mode (TUV-IS) and the reflective mode (RUV-IS) using the reference aerosol known for the cross-sectional area. The aerosol was collected on a conventional filter and measured for B a values. The resulting RUV-IS method was applied to measure light absorption of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). SOA was produced through photooxidation of different precursor hydrocarbons such as toluene, d -limonene and α -pinene in the presence of NO x (60–70 ppb) and inorganic seed aerosol using a 2-m 3 indoor Teflon film chamber. Of the three precursor hydrocarbons, the B a value of toluene SOA (0.574 m 2 g −1 at 350 nm) was the highest compared with B a values for α -pinene SOA (0.029 m 2 g −1 ) and d -limonene SOA (0.038 m 2 g −1 ). When d -limonene SOA or toluene SOA was internally mixed with neutral [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] or acidic inorganic seed (NH 4 HSO 4 :H 2 SO 4 = 1:1 by mole), the SOA showed 2–3 times greater B a values at 350 nm than the SOA with no seed. Aerosol aging with a light source for this study reduced B a values of SOA (e.g., on average 10% for toluene SOA and 30% for d -limonene SOA within 4 h). Overall, weak absorption appeared for chamber-generated SOA over wavelengths ranging from 280 to 550 nm, which fall into the sunlight spectrum.
Optical properties of selected components of mineral dust aerosol processed with organic acids and humic material

Visible light scattering phase function and linear polarization profiles of mineral dust components processed with organic acids and humic material are measured, and results are compared to T-matrix simulations of the scattering properties. Processed samples include quartz mixed with humic material, and calcite reacted with acetic and oxalic acids. Clear differences in light scattering properties are observed for all three processed samples when compared to the unprocessed dust or organic salt products. Results for quartz processed with humic acid sodium salt (NaHA) indicate the presence of both internally mixed quartz-NaHA particles and externally mixed NaHA aerosol. Simulations of light scattering suggest that the processed quartz particles become more moderate in shape due to the formation of a coating of humic material over the mineral core. Experimental results for calcite reacted with acetic acid are consistent with an external mixture of calcite and the reaction product, calcium acetate. Modeling of the light scattering properties does not require any significant change to the calcite particle shape distribution although morphology changes cannot be ruled out by our data. It is expected that calcite reacted with oxalic acid will produce internally mixed particles of calcite and calcium oxalate due to the low solubility of the product salt. However, simulations of the scattering for the calcite-oxalic acid system result in rather poor fits to the data when compared to the other samples. The poor fit provides a less accurate picture of the impact of processing in the calcite-oxalic acid system.
Localized synthesis of silicon nanowires

Localized resistive heating of microstructures has been used to activate vapor-deposition synthesis of silicon nanowires in a room-temperature chamber. The process is localized, selective, scalable and compatible with on-chip microelectronics and, in addition, removes necessity of post-synthesis assembly of nanowires to accomplish integrated nano-electromechanical systems. Synthesized nanowires with dimensions of 30-80 nm in diameter and up to 10 /spl mu/m in length have been successfully demonstrated and growth rates of up to 1/spl mu/m/min have been observed. This new class of manufacturing method enables direct integration of nanotechnology with larger-scale systems for potential sensing and actuation applications.
Why electric utility stocks are sensitive to interest rates

The determinants of electric utility stock interest rate sensitivity are examined. The bond rating of a utility's debt has a strong influence on its equity sensitivity to interest rates. The common stock of highly rated utilities is more interest rate sensitive than that of lower rated utilities. This finding is consistent with investors valuing utility stocks as predominantly income-oriented securities. Once the rating of the debt is controlled for, the debt-level of the utility is positively correlated with interest rate sensitivity. Additionally, larger utilities are found to be more interest rate sensitive than smaller utilities. Evidence is also presented that a utility's proportion of maturing long-term debt influences interest rate sensitivity. A measure for regulatory lag is developed but appears to have no effect on interest rate sensitivity.
Membrane Raft Organization Is More Sensitive to Disruption by (n-3) PUFA Than Nonraft Organization in EL4 and B Cells

Model membrane and cellular detergent extraction studies show (n-3) PUFA predominately incorporate into nonrafts; thus, we hypothesized (n-3) PUFA could disrupt nonraft organization. The first objective of this study was to determine whether (n-3) PUFA disrupted nonrafts of EL4 cells, an extension of our previous work in which we discovered an (n-3) PUFA diminished raft clustering. EPA or DHA treatment of EL4 cells increased plasma membrane accumulation of the nonraft probe 1,1′-dilinoleyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate by ~50–70% relative to a BSA control. Forster resonance energy transfer imaging showed EPA and DHA also disrupted EL4 nanometer scale nonraft organization by increasing the distance between nonraft molecules by ~25% compared with BSA. However, changes in nonrafts were due to an increase in cell size; under conditions where EPA or DHA did not increase cell size, nonraft organization was unaffected. We next translated findings on EL4 cells by testing if (n-3) PUFA administered to mice disrupted nonrafts and rafts. Imaging of B cells isolated from mice fed low- or high-fat (HF) (n-3) PUFA diets showed no change in nonraft organization compared with a control diet (CD). However, confocal microscopy revealed the HF (n-3) PUFA diet disrupted lipid raft clustering and size by ~40% relative to CD. Taken together, our data from 2 different model systems suggest (n-3) PUFA have limited effects on nonrafts. The ex vivo data, which confirm previous studies with EL4 cells, provide evidence that (n-3) PUFA consumed through the diet disrupt B cell lipid raft clustering.
Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems: Networks of Plausible Inference

From the Publisher: Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems is a complete andaccessible account of the theoretical foundations and computational methods that underlie plausible reasoning under uncertainty. The author provides a coherent explication of probability as a language for reasoning with partial belief and offers a unifying perspective on other AI approaches to uncertainty, such as the Dempster-Shafer formalism, truth maintenance systems, and nonmonotonic logic. The author distinguishes syntactic and semantic approaches to uncertaintyand offers techniques, based on belief networks, that provide a mechanism for making semantics-based systems operational. Specifically, network-propagation techniques serve as a mechanism for combining the theoretical coherence of probability theory with modern demands of reasoning-systems technology: modular declarative inputs, conceptually meaningful inferences, and parallel distributed computation. Application areas include diagnosis, forecasting, image interpretation, multi-sensor fusion, decision support systems, plan recognition, planning, speech recognitionin short, almost every task requiring that conclusions be drawn from uncertain clues and incomplete information. Probabilistic Reasoning in Intelligent Systems will be of special interest to scholars and researchers in AI, decision theory, statistics, logic, philosophy, cognitive psychology, and the management sciences. Professionals in the areas of knowledge-based systems, operations research, engineering, and statistics will find theoretical and computational tools of immediate practical use. The book can also be used as an excellent text for graduate-level courses in AI, operations research, or applied probability.
ARABIC INSTRUCTION IN JEWISH SCHOOLS AND IN UNIVERSITIES IN ISRAEL: CONTRADICTIONS, SUBVERSION, AND THE POLITICS OF PEDAGOGY

Teaching is never merely a technical, pedagogical issue. This is especially true of Arabic teaching in Israel. Two related factors have conditioned the evolution of Arabic instruction in Israel in various, often contradictory ways. One is the Zionist modernist project of inventing a Jewish nation by bracketing off Jews from gentiles and reconstituting them as a distinct Hebraic ethno-linguistic community. The other is the project of securing historic Palestine as an exclusive national homeland for this newly invented nation and the consequent ambivalence toward Arab existence in historic Palestine. Both make up what I term Zionist sectarianism, and their influence on Arabic pedagogy has been decisive and pervasive, yet contradictory and unpredictable, demonstrating that although practice is always political, it is never mechanically reducible to its political underpinnings.
Derivation of the Nonlocal Stress in Bound, Brownian Suspensions of Slender, Rigid Fibers

We derive a nonlocal constitutive relationship for the bulk stress in a suspension of slender, rigid fibers. This relationship assumes the fibers are in an environment in which the fluid velocity fields, concentration fields and external body forces vary on the intrinsic length scale of the suspended particle. Rapid variations of velocity, concentration and body force fields occur when fibers suspensions under flow are confined in rigidly bound domains. Using this nonlocal stress relationship, we calculate the rheology of a bound suspension of rigid fibers and make comparisons to unbound suspensions and experimental measurements of confined suspensions.
What Did the Politburo Maximize

The objectives of the Soviet economy's rulers received little attention in the literature. The majority (often implicit) view held growth of the official measure of aggregate output, irrespective of its use structure, i.e., growth for its own sake, to be the predominant objective. We show that the pursuit of this objective would have been irrational for a range of plausible utility functions of the rulers. The Soviet official pronouncements and the economy's observed performance suggest that the rulers pursued military might, with consumption being a secondary objective. This formulation returns the Soviet rulers to the company of rational economic actors, helps explain the main characteristics of the Soviet economic development better than the majority view, and provides a different prospective on the system's final decades.
The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Mortgage and Credit Markets: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Meltdown (An Excerpt)

With the door closed on 2008, but the economic crisis still firmly planted on 2009's stoop, the Milken Institute has closely examined the root causes behind the buildup and collapse of the mortgage market. This report is a brief preview of the extensive data collection and in-depth analysis conducted by Milken Institute economists on the mortgage meltdown and the ensuing financial crisis. It provides insight and information that breaks through the rhetoric and attention-grabbing headlines, along with policy recommendations for moving forward.The download available here is an excerpt from The Rise and Fall of the U.S. Mortgage and Credit Markets: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Meltdown, available from John Wiley & Sons in May 2009.
Genetic influences on the central nervous system depressant and membrane-disordering actions of ethanol and sodium valproate

The effects of the two central nervous system (CNS) depressant drugs ethanol and sodium valproate were compared using two pairs of mouse lines that had been selected from a heterogeneous stock for differential sensitivity to ethanol. The LS/SS lines differ in sensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation, and the WSP/WSR lines differ in the severity of their withdrawal convulsions after chronic ethanol treatment. We used these lines to test the hypothesis that ethanol and valproate act by the same mechanism. CNS depressant action was assessed by determining the brain drug concentration at which the mice lost their ability to balance on a stationary wooden dowel. LS mice were about twice as sensitive as SS mice to valproate-induced ataxia, in agreement with their reported relative sensitivity to ethanol. The WSR and WSP mice did not differ significantly in sensitivity to ethanol or valproate in this test. The intrinsic order and sensitivity to disordering of synaptosomal plasma membranes prepared from the four lines were measured using fluorescence polarization with the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and EPR spectroscopy with 5-doxylstearic acid. No differences in the intrinsic membrane order of the four lines were detected with either technique. The sensitivities of the membranes from the four lines to ethanol- or valproate-induced disordering were not significantly different when measured by fluorescence polarization, but EPR spectroscopy revealed line differences in disordering sensitivity that correlated with the relative sensitivity of the four lines to the CNS depressant action of these drugs. These studies show that genetic factors modulate sensitivity to ethanol and valproate in a similar manner both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that these drugs act by the same membrane-disordering mechanism.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Response in Ionically Self-Assembled Monolayer Thin-Film Devices

We describe detailed studies of ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) photovoltaic (PV) devices incorporating various electron acceptor materials, such as fullerenes and phthalocyanines. Excitons are generated when the conducting polymer is irradiated, and the electron acceptors aid in dissociating the electron/hole pairs before they can radiatively recombine, thus improving the efficiency of the PV process. The ISAM technique allows the deposition of conducting polymer and electron acceptor materials in alternating layers of nanometer-scale thickness. This ensures that every photoexcited electron-hole pair is in proximity to an electron acceptor, thus minimizing electron-hole recombination and increasing the photocurrent. The individual thickness of each monolayer and the interpenetration of adjacent layers can be precisely controlled through the parameters of the electrolyte solutions. Using the ISAM technique, we have demonstrated that it is possible to create ultrathin films (100 nm) of PV material that have enhanced efficiencies.
The Misuse and Abuse of NEPA

When Congress passed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) at the end of 1969, many environmentalists hoped it would usher in a new era, marked by ecological awareness and concern for the impact that technology and economic devTlopment were making on the physical environment of the United States. Since that time many analyses and critiques of the law have been undertaken. Some, especially from those who emphasize economic growth, have been critical of NEPA for slowing down development and for further bureaucratizing the process by which policy decisions are reached.2 Even some environmentalists, who expected more than was achieved, have criticized the NEPA process as being primarily a paper exercise with little impact on projects. Some would go so far as to argue, half tongue in cheek, that the real impact of NEPA has been to further denude the national forests and convert them into mounds of unread reports.
Event-Driven Low-Power Gesture Recognition Using Differential Capacitance

Individuals with mobility impairments represent a large portion of the population. These impairments are often the sequels of strokes, spinal cord injury, or diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Guillain–Barre syndrome. Many of these diagnoses manifest in upper-extremity mobility impairment, which may prohibit or make difficult actuating devices within the home. While solutions exist for smart-home automation and control, a few are approachable by those with mobility impairments. To address this issue, we designed Inviz, a touchless low-power assistive gesture recognition system that utilizes an array of textile capacitive sensors to control a smart-home automation system. We present two novel research contributions; the use of flexible textile-based capacitive arrays as differential proximity sensors, and a low-power event-driven hierarchical signal processing algorithm for capacitor sensor arrays. A fully functional prototype system is implemented and evaluated in the context of an end-to-end home automation system using intuitive swipe and hover gestures that are comfortable and approachable for users with mobility impairments. The evaluation demonstrates that the system achieves high accuracy (>90%) while maintaining low latency ( $\mu \text{W}$ ). In addition, we evaluate the system on a subject with upper extremity mobility impairment to verify its usage as an accessibility device.
MAGNETOTELLURIC VISUALIZED DATA COLLECTION SOFTWARE BASED ON OBJECT-ORIENTED TECHNOLOGY

According to data collection requirements and characteristics of the newly developed magnetotelluric instruments,the authors developed a visualized data collection software using C++ program language.Through a friendly interface,users can easily control the whole collecting process,observe collecting signals,estimate the quality of signals and,by adopting some measures,ensure the quality of signals in the process of data collection.
Increasing the Participation of Women and Minority Populations in Clinical Trials: Integrating Technology-Oriented Strategies into Clinical Research Practice

Increasing the participation of women and minorities in clinical trials is a challenge for the healthcare industry. The lack of diversity in clinical trials prevents the tailoring of healthcare interventions specifically for women and minorities. The purpose of this paper is to explore how technology-oriented strategies can be applied in the clinical trial research process to increase the recruitment of women and minorities in clinical trials. An overview of clinical trials, the stakeholders, and current issues in diversifying recruitment are provided. In order to recruit diverse participant populations, the use of online advertising, social media, e-newsletters, tablets, smartphones, and apps are detailed. Lessons from previous use of technology in recruitment are outlined as well as future trends. With the support of clinical trial stakeholders, the current technology-oriented strategies available seem promising as methods for increasing the participation of women and minorities in clinical trials.
Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus. Epidemiologic synergy

HIV infection and STDs are linked by common high risk behaviors. There is increasing evidence, however, that classic STDs and HIV infection interact in a bidirectional and mutually enhancing manner. Several prospective studies have demonstrated that STDs increase the risk of acquisition or transmission of HIV infection. Clinical studies have indicated that HIV infection may affect the clinical presentation, the clinical course, the diagnosis or the response to standard therapy of certain STD's. These studies provide compelling evidence that STD prevention and control are important strategies in HIV prevention.
The importance of the binding of factor Xa to phospholipids in the inhibitory mechanism of tissue factor pathway inhibitor: the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of tissue factor are not essential for the inhibitory action of tissue factor pathway inhibitor.

To investigate the inhibitory mechanism of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), an attempt was made to examine the inhibitory activity of TFPI toward the factor VIIa-truncated tissue factor (TF 1-219 ) complex, which lacks its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Factor VIIa-TF 1-219 activity was significantly inhibited by TFPI-factor Xa complex in the presence of phospholipids, but was not in the absence of phospholipids. In addition, TFPI did not inhibit factor VIIa-TF 1-219 activity in the presence of γ-carboxyglutamic acid-domainless factor Xa. The ability of TFPI-factor Xa complex to inhibit factor VIIa-TF 1-219 activity was totally dependent on the presence of phospholipids and was neutralized by prothrombin fragment I in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of tissue factor are not essential for the inhibitory mechanism of TFPI and confirm that the binding of factor Xa to phospholipids through its γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain is essential for this reaction.
Thromboembolism after elective surgery of the hip. Detection, natural history, prophylaxis, and results with low molecular weight dextran.

Summary The incidence of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurring after elective surgery of the hip is high. Venography is an accurate and effective diagnostic aid in establishing the presence or absence of venous thrombosis. Serious complications may result from prophylactic anticoagulation therapy. Low molecular weight dextran is a safe and effective agent for the prophylactic treatment of thromboembolism after elective surgery of the hip.
“Getting the Point” of Literature: Relations Between Processing and Interpretation

Comparisons of literary experts and novices indicate that experts engage in interpretive processes to “get the point” during their reading of literary texts but novices do not. In two studies the reading and interpretive processes of literary novices (undergraduates with no formal training in literature study) were elicited through think-alouds during reading and a post-reading interview task. Twenty undergraduates read one of two short stories in each of two studies (n = 80). Both studies used the same methodology, except that the instructions for Study 2 emphasized the importance of interpretation when reading literary short stories. Results indicate that literary novices noticed cues to interpretive meaning during reading but were more likely to provide literary interpretations (symbolic and thematic) during the interview task as compared with when reading (Study 1 and 2) and when the instructions emphasized interpretation (Study 2 as compared with Study 1). In both studies there were positive relation...
Development of a mouse model for nonbacterial prostatitis

Nonbacterial prostatitis is a common clinical entity which is often difficult to diagnose and treat. Little is known with regard to the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease process. To develop an animal model and characterize the immune parameters of nonbacterial prostatitis, we harvested the prostates from SJL, AJ, Balb/c, C57bl/6 and C57bl/6 lpr mice. These prostates were homogenized and injected into syngeneic mice. Controls were injected with Freund's complete adjuvant only. Mice from each group were sacrificed 30 days after injection, and the prostates were harvested. Prostatic tissue was examined histologically for degree of inflammation. None of the Balb/c mice exhibited prostatic inflammation. The SJL and AJ mice exhibited varying degrees of prostatic inflammation. All of the C57bl/6 mice were found to have lymphocytic infiltration of the stroma and periglandular region. The C57bl/6 lpr mice did not appear to be more susceptible than the parental strain. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated the prostatic inflammation to be at least in part immune mediated. We conclude that injection of syngenic prostate antigen induces prostatic inflammation similar to clinical nonbacterial prostatitis. Nonbacterial prostatitis may be an autoimmune process.
Flourishing and the Function Argument

Rapidly growing scholarly and popular literatures explore the confluence of evolutionary theory and human morality, seeking a plausible theory of natural ethics. Given the centrality of ethics to this project, it is surprising how rarely evolutionary thinkers clearly define ethics, much less engage a systematic theory of ethics. This is partly due to a deep commitment among these authors to an empirical path to knowledge. In the belief that a good account of ethics has to grow out of the data, they gather elements of ethics from evolutionary accounts of behaviors such as cooperation and helping and attempt to stitch together an evolutionary theory of ethics. Although this approach has some merit, it is no surprise that it has not resulted in a satisfyingly coherent and systematic theory of natural ethics.
The Twin Traumas of War and Influenza

In 1921, Frederick Lugard, now retired but still an influential member of the Colonial Service, published a review essay in The Edinburgh Review entitled “The Colour Problem.” One of the books in Lugard’s review, The Rising Tide of Colour, by the American Lothrop Stoddard, raised the prospect of “a pan-Coloured alliance for the universal overthrow of the white hegemony at a single stroke, a nightmare of race-war beside which the late struggle in Europe would seem the veriest child’s play,” a possibility Lugard did not dispute. Encouraged by Bolsheviks, who purportedly welcomed miscegenation as a means of bringing about communist revolution, “admixture with alien races” would bring about “the deterioration of the Nordic race-type” and ultimately annihilate the white races. “The union of opposite types, such as the Negro or Australoid with the Nordic,” Lugard noted, explaining Stoddard’s thesis, “rapidly tends to the elimination of the latter, owing to the prepotency of the black race.” As befitting a servant of empire, Lugard took the occasion of the review to pronounce “the true conception of the interrelation of colour: complete uniformity in ideals, absolute equality in the paths of knowledge and culture, equal opportunity for those who strive, equal admiration for those who achieve,” but, in the realm of the physical and the material, of the social and racial, “a separate path, each pursuing his own inherited traditions, preserving his own racepurity and race-pride.”
Platelet-Biomaterial Interactions

There has been a long standing interest in thrombus formation on foreign surfaces and this interest has been enhanced by the growth of biomaterials and the increased use of such materials in clinical applications involving the contact of blood with artificial surfaces. It is generally believed that a clear understanding of the blood response to artificial surfaces would promote a better utilization of existing materials and the development of new materials with improved properties.
Repair of damaged end regions of PC beams using externally bonded FRP shear reinforcement

Abstract Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as a lightweight and efficient repair and retrofit material for many concrete infrastructure applications. Externally bonded FRP laminates have been shown to be an effective material when used as supplemental flexural and shear reinforcement for reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete beams. One problem afflicting bridge girders is the deterioration of the beam ends due to deicing salt exposure, thus reducing their shear strength. In this study, concrete cover damages are imposed on small scale prestressed concrete beams, which are tested in three-point bending to determine the effect of this type of damage on the shear capacity of the beams. A quick setting mortar repair is used to replace the damaged cover concrete and test its ability to recover the shear strength of the beam. The results show the mortar repair alone is insufficient in regaining the beam’s original strength and stiffness. Externally bonded glass and carbon FRP laminates are used as shear reinforcement in conjunction with the mortar repair to recover the strength of the beam. CFRP laminates were superior to GFRP laminates in regaining and exceeding the stiffness and strength of the undamaged beam for this application.
Diastolic dysfunction and older adults: heating up the conversation.

Advancing age remains the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given the growing number of older individuals in our society, CVD presents a prevalent and burdensome consequence This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Tortaguttus, a New Unilocular Foraminiferal Genus

A new genus of unilocular foraminifera Tortagtlttus is described, with Entosolenia sigmoidella var. tinimsensis Cushman and Gray, 1946, as type species. The distinctive twisted carinae and radial aperture differentiate the new genus from other genera of the subfamily Ellipsolageninae A. Silvestri, I 923.
Individual Nanoporous Carbon Spheres with High Nitrogen Content from Polyacrylonitrile Nanoparticles with Sacrificial Protective Layers

Functional nanoporous carbon spheres (NPC-S) are important for applications ranging from adsorption, catalysis, separation to energy storage, and biomedicine. The development of effective NPC-S materials has been hindered by the fusion of particles during the pyrolytic process that results in agglomerated materials with reduced activity. Herein, we present a process that enables the scalable synthesis of dispersed NPC-S materials by coating sacrificial protective layers around polyacrylonitrile nanoparticles (PAN NPs) to prevent interparticle cross-linking during carbonization. In a first step, PAN NPs are synthesized using miniemulsion polymerization, followed by grafting of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TESPMA) to form well-defined core–shell structured PAN@PTESPMA nanospheres. The cross-linked PTESPMA brush layer suppresses cross-linking reactions during carbonization. Uniform NPC-S exhibiting diameters of ∼100 nm, with relatively high accessible surface area (∼424 m2/g), and high nitrogen con...
Numerical and experimental investigation of formability enhancement during continuous-bending-under-tension (CBT) of AA6022-T4

Abstract Continuous-bending-under-tension (CBT) is a stabilized tension test, whereby a strip is bent around three reciprocating rollers while being loaded remotely with an axial force. This subjects the strip to plastic bending while under tension, and has the beneficial effect of suppressing the instability that, in a conventional tension test, leads to localization of deformation and rupture. CBT experiments were performed on strips extracted from cold-rolled, automotive-grade AA6022-T4 sheet using a custom CBT testing machine. The CBT experiments revealed that the remote axial force necessary to plastically deform the materials was lower than the yield force under uniaxial tension, due to the synergy between tension and plastic bending. Furthermore, the force-displacement curves exhibited a saw-tooth like pattern, which can be explained from the kinematics of the process. A parametric investigation identified the combination of bending depth, crosshead velocity and roller velocity that yielded the maximum elongation-to-fracture. However, the experiments also revealed that the elongation-to-fracture was different between the rolling and transverse directions of the sheet, and significantly more than the uniaxial testing would indicate. The CBT experiments were then simulated using the non-linear finite element code Abaqus. Solid, linear, full-integration elements were used in the simulations, which replicated only half of the strip width, due to the symmetries present. The key for successful simulations is the use of an appropriate material model. Cyclic tension-compression tests on the AA6022-T4 were performed, and the results were captured accurately by a combined isotropic/non-linear kinematic hardening model, using a simple, exponentially-decaying, expansion of the yield surface and a 4-term Chaboche model, respectively. The force-displacement response from the simulations matched the experimental results well. In the future, the simulations will be used to probe the stress and strain development during each CBT cycle, to improve the understanding of the stabilization of deformation that the CBT loading mode provides.
Language and the structure of Berkeley’s world

Kenneth L. Pearce has produced a fascinating new work exploring how Berkeley's views of language inform his immaterialism and his epistemology. His central thesis is that for Berkeley, the perceive...
Quantifying the influence of agricultural fires in northwest India on urban air pollution in Delhi, India

Since at least the 1980s, many farmers in northwest India have switched to mechanized combine harvesting to boost efficiency. This harvesting technique leaves abundant crop residue on the fields, which farmers typically burn to prepare their fields for subsequent planting. A key question is to what extent the large quantity of smoke emitted by these fires contributes to the already severe pollution in Delhi and across other parts of the heavily populated Indo-Gangetic Plain located downwind of the fires. Using a combination of observed and modeled variables, including surface measurements of PM2.5, we quantify the magnitude of the influence of agricultural fire emissions on surface air pollution in Delhi. With surface measurements, we first derive the signal of regional PM2.5 enhancements (i.e. the pollution above an anthropogenic baseline) during each post-monsoon burning season for 2012–2016. We next use the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model (STILT) to simulate surface PM2.5 using five fire emission inventories. We reproduce up to 25% of the weekly variability in total observed PM2.5 using STILT. Depending on year and emission inventory, our method attributes 7.0%–78% of the maximum observed PM2.5 enhancements in Delhi to fires. The large range in these attribution estimates points to the uncertainties in fire emission parameterizations, especially in regions where thick smoke may interfere with hotspots of fire radiative power. Although our model can generally reproduce the largest PM2.5 enhancements in Delhi air quality for 1–3 consecutive days each fire season, it fails to capture many smaller daily enhancements, which we attribute to the challenge of detecting small fires in the satellite retrieval. By quantifying the influence of upwind agricultural fire emissions on Delhi air pollution, our work underscores the potential health benefits of changes in farming practices to reduce fires.
A 9-year summary of a mentor-based 5K training program for childhood cancer survivors.

96Background: 5-year survival rate for childhood cancers significantly improved leading to increased awareness to long-term effects associated with these diseases. Many childhood cancer survivors h...
Cultural Competence and Master Therapists: An Inextricable Relationship

Striving for cultural competence and developing expertise are both highly desirable objectives in the field of mental health counseling. That the two concepts have been investigated rather independently of each other is surprising. The importance of and rationale for combining two scientific knowledge bases of cultural competence and research about expertise in mental health counseling are the focus of this article. The case for a more deliberate juxtaposing of the two research areas of cultural competence and expertise in mental health counseling is made by highlighting the interrelatedness of cultural competence and master therapist research, the diversity of mental health consumers, the requirements of ethical practice, and the need to reduce bias in how mental health research is conducted.
More Model Description

This chapter goes further into illustrating the use of MODLER for model description and instance generation. First, we review the three types of term expressions in equations. Then, we look at different expressions of a blending model. The expressions we consider are equivalent, and our purpose is to illustrate advantages of each form of expression. In §9.3, we describe the REPORT execution file, which contains MODLER commands to report on a model description. It can be changed to suit your environment, and it can be used as a batch file by an INCLUDE in your PROFILE, ending with a QUIT command. In §9.4, the ATTRIBUT command is used to assign attributes to parameters and sets, with inheritance by implied sets and tables. Then, generation conditions for equations are illustrated with a critical path scheduling model. Finally, set maps are illustrated.
Transition Experiences in MD-PhD Programs

MD-PhD training takes, on average, 8 years to complete and involves two transitions, an MD-preclinical to PhD-research phase and a PhD-research to MD-clinical phase. There is a paucity of research about MD-PhD students' experiences during each transition. This study examined transition experiences reported by 48 MD-PhD students who had experienced at least one of these transitions during their training. We purposefully sampled medical schools across the United States to recruit participants. Semistructured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed for analysis; items focused on academic and social experiences within and outside their programs. Using a phenomenological approach and analytic induction, we examined students' transition experiences during their MD-PhD programs. Five broad themes emerged centering on multiple needs: mentoring, facilitating integration with students in each phase, integrating the curriculum to foster mastery of skills needed for each phase, awareness of cultural differences between MD and PhD training, and support. None of the respondents attributed their transition experiences to gender or race/ethnicity. Students emphasized the need for mentoring by MD-PhD faculty and better institutional and program supports to mitigate feelings of isolation and help students relearn knowledge for clinical clerkships and ease re-entry into the hospital culture, which differs substantially from the research culture.