cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marked decrease in coil and stent utilization following introduction of flow diversion technology

Background Flow diversion represents a major paradigm shift in the treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The potential impact of this technique on coil utilization and adjunctive techniques such as balloon-assisted and stent-assisted coiling is unknown. In this study, the effect of introduction of flow diversion devices on the utilization of coil and adjunctive techniques was assessed. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive patients with unruptured aneurysms treated at our institution comparing two groups: Group 1 (patients treated in the 2-year interval preceding the introduction of the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) and Group 2 (patients treated during the 2-year interval following introduction in our practice of the PED). Results Mean aneurysm diameter was 8.7±6.3 mm in Group 1 and 8.5±6.1 mm in Group 2 (p=0.79). PED therapy was employed in 38 (21.7%) of 175 aneurysms in Group 2. The proportion of stent-assisted procedures was significantly less in Group 2 than in Group 1 (6.9% vs 14.7%, p=0.04), as was the proportion of patients undergoing parent artery sacrifice (0.6% vs 3.9%, p=0.046). The mean and median number of coils used per aneurysm were 5.4±3.6 and 5 (range 1–18) for Group 1 and 3.2±3.2 and 3 (range 0–19) for Group 2 (p≤0.0001). Conclusions Flow diversion represents a disruptive technology. More than one-fifth of unruptured aneurysms at our institution were treated with PED after introduction of this technology, resulting in marked decreases in coil and stent utilization.
Response to Comment on: Wolpert et al. Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Implications for Carbohydrate-Based Bolus Dose Calculation and Intensive Diabetes Management. Diabetes Care 2013;36:810–816

We appreciate the comment of Wolever (1) regarding our study (2) and that we performed a much more detailed, well-controlled, and sophisticated study. We also appreciate the comment regarding the details about the composition of the test meals in the study. Thus, to allow comparison of our results with others in the literature, we provide …
Relationship of serum and dietary magnesium to incident hypertension: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Abstract PURPOSE: To examine the relationship of serum and dietary magnesium (Mg) with incident hypertension. The setting was the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, which included a biracial cohort, aged 45–64 years, from four U.S. communities. METHODS: This analysis included 7731 participants (4190 women and 3541 men) free of hypertension at baseline and followed six years. Fasting serum Mg was measured, and usual dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, race, and a number of other risk factors, the odds of incident hypertension across ascending quartiles of serum Mg were 1.0, 0.79, 0.85, and 0.70 in women ( p trend = 0.01) and 1.0, 0.87, 0.87, and 0.82 in men (p trend = 0.16). We found no association between dietary Mg intake and incident hypertension. These associations were attenuated after the addition of baseline systolic blood pressure to the models. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that low Mg may play a modest role in the development of hypertension.
Examination of the roles of Sgs1 and Srs2 helicases in the enforcement of recombination fidelity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Mutation in SGS1, which encodes the yeast homolog of the human Bloom helicase, or in mismatch repair (MMR) genes confers defects in the suppression of mitotic recombination between similar but nonidentical (homeologous) sequences. Mutational analysis of SGS1 suggests that the helicase activity is required for the suppression of both homologous and homeologous recombination and that the C-terminal 200 amino acids may be required specifically for the suppression of homeologous recombination. To clarify the mechanism by which the Sgs1 helicase enforces the fidelity of recombination, we examined the phenotypes associated with SGS1 deletion in MMR-defective and recombination-defective backgrounds. Deletion of SGS1 caused no additional loss of recombination fidelity above that associated with MMR defects, indicating that the suppression of homeologous recombination by Sgs1 may be dependent on MMR. However, the phenotype of the sgs1 rad51 mutant suggests a MMR-independent role of Sgs1 in the suppression of RAD51-independent recombination. While homologous recombination levels increase in sgs1Δ and in srs2Δ strains, the suppression of homeologous recombination was not relaxed in the srs2 mutant. Thus, although both Sgs1 and Srs2 limit the overall level of mitotic recombination, there are distinct differences in the roles of these helicases with respect to enforcement of recombination fidelity.
Online message routing in a network with distributed control

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of stated degrees of fault-tolerant message routing and methods for upgrading a network to satisfy those conditions are presented. Local adaptive control mechanisms which dynamically reroute messages to bypass faulted links in a near-optimal way are presented. The distributed control process described uses only locally stored information together with information transmitted on the message itself. >
The Professional Development Needs of Academic Teachers Adding Career-Technical Education Licenses

Many factors are influencing the considerable change CTE has experienced in recent years. Among the factors are; 1) an expanded mission, 2) alternative education licensing options for teachers, 3) the profile of CTE teachers, and 4) teacher education programs for CTE.
Unimolecular decomposition of chemically activated singlet and triplet D3-methyldiacetylene molecules

Abstract The reaction dynamics of the dicarbon molecule with D3-methylacetylene, CD 3 CCH(X 1 A 1 ), were investigated utilizing the crossed molecular beams approach. By combining the experimental results on the atomic hydrogen versus deuterium loss channels with electronic structure calculations, we could substantiate that the D 3 CCCCC(X 2 A) radical is neither formed on the singlet nor on the triplet surface. Secondly, the isotopic studies showed explicitly that on the triplet surface, only the 2,4-pentadiynyl-1 radical – detected via its isotopomer [C 5 HD 2 (X 2 B 1 ); HCCCCCD 2 ] – was synthesized. On the singlet surface, both the 2,4-pentadiynyl-1 [C 5 HD 2 (X 2 B 1 ), HCCCCCD 2 ] and 1,4-pentadiynyl-3 radical [C 5 HD 2 (X 2 B 1 ) HCCCDCCD] can account for the experimental data.
Approaches to statistical circuit analysis for deep sub-micron technologies

Difficulties of statistical circuit analysis for deep submicron CMOS technologies are discussed. The complex patterns of variation in device parameters observed make previously used methods invalid. An approach that couples the extracted SPICE parameter sets with their physical locations is advocated as an alternative.
5,6-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid reduces increases in pulmonary vascular resistance in the dog

We recently reported that canine pulmonary microsomes metabolize arachidonic acid to all four regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET). 5,6-EET dilates blood vessels in several nonpulmonary va...
Difficult management of a rapidly growing benign phyllodes tumor in a 49-year-old woman.

hyllodes breast tumors are rare, representing 0.3% to 1.0% of all breast tumors.1,2 These tumors present a difficult management issue because of the chance of recurrence, which has been reported to occur in 15% of patients overall; therefore, careful clinical observation of these patients is recommended after surgical excision. Hajdu et al3 reported a high incidence of local relapse of phyllodes breast tumors, with an incidence of 18%. Phyllodes tumors are difficult to diagnose because these tumors can be extremely difficult to differentiate from fibroadenomas. These tumors may masquerade as fibroadenomas and may be difficult to assess, even at core biopsy. The patients affected by these tumors vary in age at presentation, most typically 30 to 70 years old.4,5 An article by Yohe and Yeh6 discussed features suggesting phyllodes tumors that the pathologist can look for when analyzing a specimen and stated that increased sampling of a large tumor will likely yield a more accurate diagnosis. We report a case of a rapidly growing phyllodes tumor in a 49-year-old patient. In this case, the tumor grew very quickly in a short time and initially required wide surgical excision; fast recurrence led to a mastectomy for complete removal and clear margins. Even in the spectrum of what may be considered benign disease, a phyllodes tumor can locally recur and can be troublesome to treat.2,3 This can lead to multiple diagnostic and invasive procedures and, as in this patient, mastectomy.
Beyond processor-centric operating systems

By the end of the decade, computing designs will shift from a processor-centric architecture to a memory-centric architecture. At rack scale, we can expect a large pool of non-volatile memory (NVM) that will be accessed by heterogeneous and decentralized compute resources [3, 17]. Such memory-centric architectures will present challenges that today's processor-centric OSes may not be able to address. In this paper, we describe the characteristics and consequences of memory-centric architectures and propose a memory-centric OS design that moves traditional OS functionality outside of the compute node and closer to memory.
Physics in the Crucible of Chemistry

Well-established concepts in one area of science often find natural applications in other areas of science. In this regard, physics plays a pivotal role. Investigations in physics focus, for the most part, on systems with small number of actual or reduced variables and lead to firmly established concepts and fundamental laws. It is thus natural for chemistry to look into physics for guidance as it explores the unknown territories. The main thesis of the article is that physical laws are about limitations. While they set the boundaries within which chemical mechanisms must fall, they cannot dictate the actual mechanisms. Thus, chemistry has to be viewed as both dependent and independent of physics. The relation between physics and other areas of scientific inquiry is likely to follow the pattern described here: within the possibilities allowed by physics, scientists have to look for explanations that depend on factors outside physics.
Work Input Control of Production Batch Mixing

Abstract Mixing control has been discussed in terms of equipment, rotor speed, compound uniformity, and mixing efficiency. It is desirable to have a minimum number of control parameters to describe the effect of mixing on equipment and material properties. This paper has specifically compared work input to time-temperature control specification. The first criterion was that work input give a prediction of Mooney viscosity fter mixing. The results of mixing on two different size Banburys verified that work input per kilogram of rubber is independent of mixer size. Further, mixing at different speeds, but to the same work input level, does not affect the Mooney viscosity of the final mix. Work input, therefore, appears to be a practical measure of mixing and is independent of mixer sizes and mixing speeds. Representative production mixing was carried out using both time-temperature and work input controls. Significant improvements in Mooney viscosity and scorch, oscillating disk rheometer and die swell unif...
Orchard Insect Surveys with Blacklight Traps

Blacklight traps were used successfully in commercial apple And cherry orchards of Wisconsin to survey fruit insect pests from 1957-62. The results of the last 3 years are given for adult populations of the codling moth, Carpocapsa pomonella (L.); redbanded leaf roller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker); fruit-tree leaf roller, Archips argyrospilus (Walker); eye-spotted bud moth, Spilonota ocellana (Denis & Schiffermuller); destructive prune Worm, Mineola scitutella Hulst; and the cherry fruitworm, Grapholitha packardi Zeller. The effect of variations in the growing season on emergence, peak abundance, and seasonal distribution of a species; importance of these data for timing and number of applications necessary for adequate protection of the fruit; effect of the spray program used on the kind and number of species trapped in an orchard; and the possibilities of grower-operated blacklight traps for community use are discussed.
KEEPING THE GENIE IN THE BOTTLE: THE FEASIBILITY OF A NUCLEAR NON- PROLIFERATION AGREEMENT

During his campaign to mobilize support for the partial test-ban Treaty in 1963, President Kennedy warned that the evil "genie" of nuclear fire-power must be curtailed while time to do so still remained available. His warning has been repeated by dozens of Presidents and Prime Ministers since then but no significant action has yet been taken. Though it is injurious to every single member of the "nuclear club" that nuclear proliferation should take place, they have been unable to agree on any single procedure to arrest so unwelcome but probably a development. The non-nuclear powers of the present day have attempted to force the pace of action by convening the 18-nations Disarmament Conference in Geneva, by exploring the issue of nuclear dissemination in depth during the 20th session of the General Assembly, and by calling for a world disarmament conference (which will supposedly include mainland China) to be held during 1967. The non-nuclear powers recognize that there are at least a dozen of their colleagues who could attain an independent nuclear capability during the next five to ten years. Their fear that the international system will be destabilized as nuclear weapons proliferate is matched only by their frustration at the nuclear powers* inability to adopt preventive measures to arrest this nuclear spread. Unfortunately, nuclear proliferation is now regarded with the same degree of callousness and of myopia by policy-planners as the problems generated by the population explosion. The advanced industrial nations, which could contribute sizeably to birth control and massive agriculture programs, are either unwilling or unable to cope with the issues that will surely become critical in the 1970s. Their defensive statements are logical and apologetic, but abjectly myopic. Diplomacy and policy planning, they insist, are concerned with short-term procedural issues and not with long-run or radical schemes to retain international equilibrium. The few wealthy and nuclear-armed nations are too troubled by immediate policy conflicts to attend to problems of the next decade. Though they claim that this position is based upon a shrewd recognition of the necessities
Finding Equilibria in the Pool-Based Electricity Market With Strategic Wind Power Producers and Network Constraints

This paper proposes a model to find the equilibria in the short-term electricity market with large-scale wind power penetration. The behavior of each strategic player is modeled through a two-stage mathematical problem with equilibrium constraints (MPEC), where the upper-level problem maximizes the profit of the strategic player and the lower-level problem describes the clearing processes of the day-ahead and real-time markets while considering the network constraints. The joint solution of all the MPECs constitutes an equilibrium problem with equilibrium constraints (EPEC). The uncertain wind power production and demand are represented by a set of plausible scenarios. By using the duality theory and Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition, each MPEC is transferred into a mixed-integer linear programing problem. The Nash equilibria of the electricity market are obtained by solving the EPEC using Game theory and the diagonalization algorithm. Case studies are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
Really Cool Cells (and how they got that way

The ability to preserve tissues and organs for later use is of tremendous clinical importance. Whereas many types of individual cells can be frozen and later functionally restored, this has proven to be more difficult with tissues. This is due to intracellular ice formation (IIF), which for some reason is more common when cells are connected, as they are in tissues. Using the fastest high-speed video cryomicroscopy yet developed, Adam Higgins and Jens Karlsson have shown for the first time that penetration of extracellular ice into paracellular spaces at the cell-cell interface is a precursor to IIF. They termed this precursor phenomenon “paracellular ice penetration” (PIP), which is the growth of extracellular ice crystal protrusions into paracellular spaces that contain supercooled liquid (Figure 1). Because PIP is associated with cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, and does not occur during freezing of suspended isolated cells, this mechanism may contribute to the observed increase in IIF in tissues. It has been thought that IIF moves from cell to cell through intercellular channels known as gap junctions, which are formed by connexin proteins. To test this hypothesis, Higgins and Karlsson tested three genetic variants of a mouse insulinoma cell line (MIN6): the wild-type containing connexin-36, as well as two other types of junctional proteins, E-cadherin and occludin. One of the genetically transformed strains contained almost none of those three proteins; whereas, another had only E-cadherin, and the third expressed only connexin-36. Pairs of the various cells were placed in a cryomicroscope stage chamber and then cooled rapidly to −60oC at 130oC/min. Images were acquired with their high-speed video camera at a sampling rate of 3,000–4,000 Hz. This gave a temporal resolution on the order of 0.3 ms. The IIF starting locations were classified into three
From non-obese diabetic to Network for the Pancreatic Organ Donor with Diabetes: New heights in type 1 diabetes research

Since the discovery of therapeutic insulin in 1922 and the development of the non-obese diabetic spontaneous mouse model in 1980, the establishment of Network for the Pancreatic Organ Donor with Diabetes (nPOD) in 2007 is arguably the most important milestone step in advancing type 1 diabetes (T1D) research. In this perspective, we briefly describe how nPOD is transforming T1D research via procuring and coordinating analysis of disease pathogenesis directly in human organs donated by deceased diabetic and control subjects. The successful precedent set up by nPOD is likely to spread far beyond the confines of research in T1D to revolutionize biomedical research of other disease using high quality procured human cells and tissues.
The Rogue Phenomenon

A small crowd gathered in Baghdad’s Firdos Square as US military forces overran Iraq’s violent and chaotic capital.1 Passersby took turns smashing a sledgehammer into Saddam Hussein’s statue to no avail. The bronze likeness stood immune to the puny assaults by the Baghdadis. With its right arm raised up as if saluting the future, the hubristic statue built by Hussein to himself defied its would-be destroyers. It was left to the invading military forces to bring down this emblem of the Iraqi dictatorship.
Characteristics of Pre-College Engineering Education in the United States

Any cross-national discussion of education benefits by taking account of the unique factors that shape a particular country’s education system. From the point of view of educational change, these factors often constrain what can and cannot be done; how quickly change occurs; and how likely it is that change, once begun, will endure.
Brain-computer interface-based control of closed-loop brain stimulation: attitudes and ethical considerations

Patients who have undergone deep brain stimulation (DBS) for emerging indications have unique perspectives on ethical challenges that may shape trial design and identify key design features for BCI-driven DBS systems. DBS research in cognitive and emotional disorders has generated significant ethical interest. Much of this work has focused on developing ethical guidelines and recommendations for open-loop DBS systems. While early trials of open-loop DBS for depression gave disappointing results, research is moving toward clinical trials with closed-loop or patient-controllable DBS systems that may modulate aspects of personality and emotion. Though user-centered design is an increasingly important principle in neurotechnology, the perspectives of implanted individuals on ethical issues raised by DBS are poorly understood. We solicited those perspectives through a focus group and set of qualitative interviews of participants in trials of DBS for depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We identified f...
Hematoma of the Flexor Tendon Sheath Mimicking Acute Septic Tenosynovitis: A Case Report.

Case: We report a case of a 65-year-old woman receiving chronic anticoagulation who presented with acute onset of severe long finger pain and was supratherapeutic on Coumadin. Her examination was consistent with early septic flexor tenosynovitis. She was treated with antibiotics and tendon sheath incision and drainage. Intraoperatively, she was found to have a hematoma in the flexor tendon sheath with no purulence. Her symptoms resolved with decompression. After 2 months, she had regained full range of motion with no deficits. Conclusion: Flexor tendon sheath hematoma warrants consideration in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with the signs and symptoms of acute septic flexor tenosynovitis.
Exploring how Institutional Structures and Practices Influence English Learners’ Opportunity to Learn Social Studies:

Background/ContextCurrent research addresses the marginalization of social studies and trends in teaching English learners (ELs) in monolingual schools; however, few studies have examined the way i...
Abstract 2270: RAGE-ligand signaling drives breast cancer invasion and metastasis

Background: Breast cancer is most common malignant state in women and 20% of these patients will develop metastasis during the course of their disease. Further understanding is needed of the process and mechanisms of metastasis. Our lab and others have been shown that Receptor of Advanced-Glycation End-products (RAGE) plays a role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. RAGE is highly expressed in various cancers including breast cancer and its protein levels correlate with poor patient outcome in breast cancer and other cancers. Activation of RAGE results in increased proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells. Further studies in mice have shown its blockade may be a therapeutic target to reduce tumor growth and the resulting metastasis. Methods: Using the breast cancer cell model (MDA-MB-231) and its organotropic sister cells lines selected in vivo for increased metastasis to lung (4175) and bone (1833), we tested the role of RAGE in driving mechanisms of metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Results: First, we demonstrated that the highly metastatic variant of 231 cells (4175 and 1833) have increased expression level of RAGE compared to MDA-MB-231 parental cells. Moreover, RAGE knockdown by shRNA in 4175 and 231 parental cells showed decreased cell invasion in transwell assays compared to control scramble shRNA. Ectopic over-expression of RAGE in parental 231 cells led to increased migratory and invasive properties compared to vector control cells, without affecting cell proliferation or viability. To explore the underlying mechanisms we probed for differences in RAGE signaling pathways including MEK/ERK, p38, AKT and SAPK/JNK; with MEK/ERK and Akt showing activation. Using chemical inhibitors of these pathways we demonstrated that the MEK/ERK, but not other pathways inhibited RAGE-driven cell invasion in transwell assays. To validate our data in vivo, we performed mammary fat pad injection of 4175 cells (RAGE and scr shRNA) in NSG mice. Tumor growth and weight was impaired in RAGE gene knockdown 4175 cells compared to scramble (scr) controls. Analysis of lung tissue retrieved from mice revealed RAGE knockdown in 4175 cells resulted in less metastasis compared to 4175 scr control cells. Conclusion: We have shown that higher RAGE levels are seen in metastatic human breast cancer BC cells. RAGE gene knockdown in metastatic BC cells reduces their invasive properties in vitro and reduces tumor progression and metastasis in vivo in NSG mice. These data highlight RAGE as a novel therapeutic target for metastatic disease in breast and other cancers. Citation Format: Taekyoung Kwak, Katherine Drews-Elger, Dekuang Zhao, Alexander Besser, Ayse Ergonul, Joyce M. Slingerland, Marc E. Lippman, Barry I. Hudson. RAGE-ligand signaling drives breast cancer invasion and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2270. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2270
Efficient clusters and patterned farms for Darrieus wind turbines

Abstract Recent studies show that interactions between Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) arranged in close proximity mutually enhance the output power of individual turbines. In this paper, multi-Darrieus turbine clusters are studied for the development of efficient patterned vertical axis wind turbine farms. Numerical solutions are performed for a single Darrieus turbine, clusters of two Co- and counter-rotating turbines in parallel and in oblique configurations, and triangular three turbine clusters. The commercial CFD software FLUENT 14.5 is used for the numerical simulation. The single Darrieus turbine results are validated against experimental data. The results of the simulation of the multi-turbine clusters are used to develop an efficient triangular shaped three turbine cluster having an average power coefficient up to 30% higher than an isolated turbine. Efficient Darrieus wind turbine farms are developed using the enhanced three turbine cluster. The farms consist of multiple clusters with scaled geometrical ratios of the three turbine cluster keeping the same topology of the cluster. This resulted in patterned farms that have the same power enhancement ratio of the three turbine cluster. Numerical simulation of a farm that consist of nine turbines confirm the enhancement and the pattern progression for larger farms.
Magnetic resonance imaging in prostate brachytherapy: Evidence, clinical end points to data, and direction forward.

The integration of multiparametric MRI into prostate brachytherapy has become a subject of interest over the past 2 decades. MRI directed high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy offers the potential to improve treatment accuracy and standardize postprocedure quality. This article reviews the evidence to date on MRI utilization in prostate brachytherapy and postulates future pathways for MRI integration.
Improving Shuffle I/O performance for big data processing using hybrid storage

Nowadays big data analytics have been widely used in many domains, e.g., weather forecast, social network analysis, scientific computing, and bioinformatics. As indispensable part of big data analytics, MapReduce has become the de facto standard model of the distributed computing framework. With the growing complexity of software and hardware components, big data analytics systems face the challenge of performance bottleneck when handling the increasing size of computing workloads. In our study, we reveal that the existing Shuffle mechanism in the current Spark implementation is still the performance bottleneck due to the Shuffle I/O latency. We demonstrate that the Shuffle stage causes performance degradation among MapReduce jobs. By observing that the high-end Solid State Disks (SSDs) are capable of handling random writes well due to efficient flash translation layer algorithms and larger on-board I/O cache, we present a hybrid storage system-based solution that uses hard drive disks (HDDs) for large datasets storage and SSDs for improving Shuffle I/O performance to mitigate this performance degradation issue. Our extensive experiments using both real-world and synthetic workloads show that our hybrid storage system-based approach achieves performance improvement in the Shuffle stage compared with the original HDD-based Spark implementation.
Chapter 7: Financial Analysts

Financial analysts are important players in the marketplace. Analysts’ reports, which include forecasts of earnings and stock recommendations, move market prices. Investors, both large and small, rely on the information in reports when forming their investment decisions. Given the relevance of financial analysts’ research, understanding whether their reports are biased is important. Despite an increase in market regulation, evidence suggests that analysts’ reports are biased. Research also finds that analysts’ bias increases when information uncertainty is high. Thus, investors should understand the possible dangers in blindly relying on research by financial analysts.
Asian Urbanization and Its Environments

RIHN’s Human Impacts on Urban Subsurface Environments projects has made substantial progress. It is especially effective in seeing the unseen and gaining a better understanding of that unseen environment. The Asian cities on which the project focuses represent one of the most dramatic human social ­movements in our time. In the span of a mere century the Asian urban population will expand from 234 million to 3.2 billion. Moreover that urban population lives in a high risk environment, whose vulnerability increases with global warming. As many have observed, the struggle for sustainability will be won or lost in the world’s urban areas, and the Asian urban environment will play a highly critical role in this struggle. We suggest that the RHIN project’s excellent work on the unseen environment now needs to make links to the many other urban environments to promote the development of sustainable cities. Here we suggest two following steps. One is the development of a standard protocol that governments can use to assess the condition of the urban subsurface environment. The second is modeling exercises that will focus attention on linking the many urban environments to work toward sustain able cities.
Bis[(dimethyl-λ4-sulfanyl­idene)oxonium] hexa­bromidotellurate(IV) dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate

The structure of the title salt, 2C2H7OS+·Br6Te2−·2C2H6OS, displays O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between one protonated dimethyl sulfoxide mol­ecule and a neighboring dimethyl sulfoxide mol­ecule, and an octa­hedral geometry for the Te atom; the latter is situated on a center of inversion.
Mitochondrial GSH Systems in CA1 Pyramidal Cells and Astrocytes React Differently during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion.

Pyramidal cells and astrocytes have differential susceptibility to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-RP). It is known that excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria initiates cell death, while glutathione (GSH) is one of the major defenses against ROS. Although it is known that astrocytes contain a higher concentration of GSH than neurons, and that astrocytes can provide neurons with GSH, we are unaware of a detailed and quantitative examination of the dynamic changes in the mitochondrial GSH system in the two cell types during OGD-RP. Here, we determined mitochondrial membrane potential and the degrees of oxidation of the mitochondrially targeted roGFP-based sensors for hydrogen peroxide (OxDP) and GSH (OxDG). We also developed a method to estimate the mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) concentration in single cells in the CA1 region of organotypic hippocampal slice cultures at several time-points during OGD-RP. We find that mitochondrial membrane potential drops in pyramidal cells duri...
Brief Report: Learning Language Through Overhearing in Children with ASD.

We explored whether children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) learn new nouns from overheard speech. Thirteen children (4–5 years) with ASD participated in an Addressed condition, in which they were directly taught a novel label (e.g., toma) for one of three novel objects, and an Overheard condition, in which the objects and label were presented in a conversation between two adults. In both conditions, children were then asked to identify the labeled object (e.g., “find the toma”). Children selected the target novel object at rates above chance in the Addressed condition, and of critical importance, they also did so in the Overheard condition. This suggests that, like TD children, children with ASD may learn from language that is not directed to them.
Feasibility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes.

Despite their potential for treating type 1 diabetes (T1D), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not yet been used successfully in the clinic. In this article, advances in iPSC therapies are...
Origin of Fractal Roughness in Synthetic and Natural Materials

Fractally rough surfaces have been observed in a variety of synthetic and natural materials. To explain these observations, we propose three kinetic models: ballistic polymerization, kinetic percolation, and reaction-limited dissolution. These models are applied to gas-phase growth of pyrogenous materials, solution polymerization of silicates, and the evolution of geologic materials.
Targeted therapy for fusion-driven high-risk acute leukemia

Despite continued progress in drug development for acute leukemias, outcomes for patients with some subtypes have not changed significantly in the last decade. Recurrent chromosomal translocations have long been recognized as driver events in leukemia, and many of these oncogenic fusions portend high-risk disease. Improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of these fusions, coupled with novel chemistry approaches, now provide new opportunity for therapeutic inroads into the treatment of leukemia driven by these fusions.
Innovative utilization of pharmacist-led board review in a family medicine residency curriculum.

Abstract Background and purpose The Society of Teachers of Family Medicine Group on Pharmacotherapy recommends a formal curriculum during family medicine residency training and describes benefits of utilizing pharmacists. Limited literature exists on how programs have incorporated questions from family medicine board preparation sources into pharmacotherapy academic education. The primary objective was to assess the impact on family medicine residents’ perceived knowledge after incorporation of board review items into pharmacotherapy sessions. Educational activity and setting Pharmacists affiliated with the University of Alabama Family Medicine Residency program incorporated questions from board preparation sources into monthly interactive pharmacotherapy sessions as part of a didactic curriculum between 2014 and 2016. An anonymous survey was administered for two consecutive years in 2015 and 2016 to assess residents’ perceptions of the sessions and utilization of board-type questions as an active learning component. The change in residents’ perception of knowledge was quantitatively analyzed and written comments were evaluated for recurring themes. Findings The cumulative survey response was 78% (68/87). Over 80% of residents reported that pharmacotherapy sessions and the use of board-type questions was quite or very helpful. The percent of residents that rated their knowledge as good or excellent significantly increased after every session compared to baseline. Residents noted the sessions’ information, applicability, interactive nature, and relevance as strengths. Summary Incorporation of board preparation questions into interactive pharmacotherapy sessions was well received and improved residents’ perception of pharmacotherapy knowledge. Utilizing this model in a formal pharmacotherapy curriculum taught by pharmacists is beneficial for family medicine resident learners.
Social Theory and Cultural Trauma

In this chapter, I use the example of three significant social theory texts, Horkheimer and Adorno’s Dialectic of Enlightenment, Freud’s Moses and Monotheism, and Bauman’s Modernity and the Holocaust in order to illustrate the difference between personal-, collective-, and cultural trauma. I also illustrate how personal trauma can impact the construction and representation of social theory.
Pseudo-Extensional Mode MEMS Ring Gyroscope

This paper presents the design and characterization of a yaw gyroscope which employs a pseudo-extensional mode of a ring. The extensional mode is typically a bulk mode where the ring width expands and contracts across its circumference in contrast to a traditional wineglass mode where the in-plane ring width stays nominally constant during vibrations. Our axial symmetrical gyroscope structure is comprised of an array of concentric rings to create an apparent extensional mode, but at much lower frequency since it is made of flexural elements. An advantage inherent to the new mode is the local rejection of linear accelerations as compared to the fundamental wineglass, which rejects linear accelerations by matching electrodes across the diameter of the ring. Implemented in the wafer-level Epitaxial Silicon Encapsulation process, the device occupies an area of 1.8 mm2and initial characterization clearly demonstrates feasibility of using the pseudo-extensional mode of vibration for rate sensing with Q-factors of 110,000 and noise level of $0.60^\circ/\surd\mathrm{hr}$ .
Drug safety profiling for assessment of drug combinations in oncology

15037 Background: It is important to understand the safety profile (SP)/toxicity of new drug regimens in oncology. We compared SPs of gemcitabine (Gem) + carboplatin (Carbo) in NSCLC with Gem alone...
Abstract 575: Disulfiram plus copper synergizes with etoposide for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer with limited treatment options. Currently two immunotherapies are approved for the treatment of MCC, the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab and the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab. Unfortunately, these treatments only have durable benefit for less than half of patients that can be treated with immunotherapy. Therefore, new and effective treatments are needed for MCC. To address this, we conducted a high-throughput drug screening of ~4,000 small molecules. Our drug screen identified disulfiram (DSF), an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor used in the treatment of alcoholism, as an agent that selectively reduced MCC cell viability. Recent studies suggest that DSF complexed with copper can have anti-cancer effects. Consistent with this, the addition copper at physiological levels increased the potency of DSF in MCC cells lines. Next, we demonstrated that disulfiram combined with copper synergized with the topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide, lowering the effective dose of etoposide required to reduce MCC cell viability. Mechanistically, combining DSF, copper and etoposide was cytotoxic but did not induce apoptosis in MCC cell lines. This combination increased the formation of double stranded DNA breaks while disulfiram plus copper induced autophagy, which could mechanistically be an indication of immunogenic cell death signaling. Taken together, our data suggest that disulfiram combined with copper and etoposide could be repurposed for the effective treatment of advanced MCC. One strong advantage of this combination is that all agents can be given orally and at dosages with minimal adverse effects. Citation Format: Natasha Tremayne Hill, Tara Gelb, Dan Urban, Tyler Kellenberger, Matthew Hall, Isaac Brownell. Disulfiram plus copper synergizes with etoposide for the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 575.
Dynamic Pólya–Eggenberger urns

Abstract We study types of Polya-Eggenberger urn schemes with a dynamic replacement matrix. We consider two-color schemes (white and blue) in this class. The nature of the governing limit stochastic relation exhibits a phase change when the addition function meets a regularity condition. We show that when the condition is met, the proportion of white balls in such an urn converges to a Bernoulli limit distribution. This is to be contrasted with dynamic Polya-Eggenberger urns with slow addition function, where the limit distribution is believed to be continuous on the interval [0,1]. We demonstrate that the condition is satisfied when the addition function, along a subsequence of draws, grows exponentially (the exponential Polya-Eggenberger urn) or faster (the super exponential Polya-Eggenberger urn). The exponential Polya-Eggenberger urn may be suitable as a realistic model for many fast-growing random structures around us today. With the growth of random networks taking place faster than ever before, super exponential urns may be applicable in the near future.
Energy and water co-benefits from covering canals with solar panels

Solar power development over canals is an emerging response to the energy–water–food nexus that can result in multiple benefits for water and energy infrastructure. Case studies of over-canal solar photovoltaic arrays have demonstrated enhanced photovoltaic performance due to the cooler microclimate next to the canal. In addition, shade from the photovoltaic panels has been shown to mitigate evaporation and potentially mitigate aquatic weed growth. However, the evaporation savings and financial co-benefits have not been quantified across major canal systems. Here we use regional hydrologic and techno-economic simulations of solar photovoltaic panels covering California’s 6,350 km canal network, which is the world’s largest conveyance system and covers a wide range of climates, insolation rates and water costs. We find that over-canal solar could reduce annual evaporation by an average of 39 ± 12 thousand m3 per km of canal. Furthermore, the financial benefits from shading the canals outweigh the added costs of the cable-support structures required to span the canals. The net present value of over-canal solar exceeds conventional overground solar by 20–50%, challenging the convention of leaving canals uncovered and calling into question our understanding of the most economic locations for solar power. Over-canal solar photovoltaic arrays are likely to reduce water evaporation and carry financial co-benefits, but estimates are lacking. With hydrologic and techno-economic simulations of solar panels covering California’s canal network, this study shows the advantages of covering canals with solar panels.
Signal Stability and the Height-Correction Method for Ground-Penetrating Radar In Situ Asphalt Concrete Density Prediction:

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has shown great potential for asphalt concrete density prediction used in quality control and quality assurance. One challenge of continuous GPR measurements is that ...
The Value of ISO Certification for an Academic Institution

Over the past two decades, the number of institutions offering Masters of Business degrees has expanded to meet market demand. As more public and private academic institutions offer business degrees the challenge to distinguish quality programs from “degree mills” increases. One method to ensure a college, university or business school is providing a credible and quality degree program is to become certified by an intendent professional accreditation agency. Several such bodies exist; however, which one is the appropriate and widely recognized accreditation body that benefits both the institution and student? This article discusses the options available to academic institutions and concludes that certification from the International Standards Organization (ISO) is the optimal choice due to its global reputation for quality standards and that one of the most prominent business program accrediting bodies (AACSB) selected ISO to certify its quality management system. Over the past two decades, the number of institutions offering Masters of Business degrees in a variety of modalities has expanded to meet market demand. In the United States from 2011-2012, “191,571 people graduated from U.S. schools with advanced degrees in business, some 25.4% of all the master’s degrees conferred. That compares with 178,062 master’s degrees in education, or 23.6%, of all the advanced degrees” (Byrne, 2014, para. 3). World-wide it is difficult to precisely calculate the number of institutions offering Masters in Business degrees; however, as the development of the global economy continues, the number of online MBA programs continue to develop and as developing countries’ educational institutions emerge/mature, the growth of Masters Programs will further enlarge to satisfy a seemingly insatiable demand. The sheer enlargement of the number of MBA program offerings has created what Kim and Mauborgne (2015) would describe as a red ocean. In a red ocean market space, a proliferation of competitors exists and the nature of the red ocean business strategy is to beat the competition (or at least gain a fraction of the existing marketplace) on price and exploit existing demand. Given the market demand and opportunities for colleges/universities to service the enlarging MBA need, how can an academic institution successfully distinguish itself to prospective students and how can students discern which MBA program offers the best quality and value proposition?
Multiresponse Image Gathering and Restoration

This chapter presents a method of image gathering and restoration that can produce images with spatial detail that is finer than the sampling interval. The method consists of an image-gathering process that acquires A images, each with a different SFR that extends beyond the sampling passband, and a Wienermatrix filter that unscrambles and reassembles the within-passband and aliased signal components. If the SNR is sufficiently high, then the resolution can be increased by a factor approaching \(1/\sqrt A \) times the sampling interval. However, practical applications may be rare, for this method requires, in addition to the high SNR, that the image-gathering device and the target remain stationary relative to each other during the image-gathering sequence or shift relative to each other by a known amount.
Defective-interfering particles of Sindbis virus. I. Isolation and some chemical and biological properties.

Abstract Three different virus-specific particles were identified in stocks of SV which had been serially passaged without dilution through BHK21 cells. These particles had densities of 1.16, 1.20, and 1.22 g/cc in sucrose gradients prepared in D 2 O. The 1.20 g/cc particle was infective, contained 42 S RNA, and was the only species present in stocks prepared by infecting BHK21 cells with plaque-purified virus. The 1.16 g/cc particle was not infective and contained heterogeneous RNA species. No additional intracellular viral RNA species were produced in BHK21 cells coinfected with the 1.16 g/cc particle and unpassaged virus compared to cells infected with unpassaged virus alone. The 1.22 g/cc particle was not infective although it contained an RNA molecule which migrated identically with the RNA of infective virions in polyacrylamide-agarose gels. Cells coinfected with the 1.22 g/cc particle and unpassaged SV synthesized 12 S double-stranded RNA and small, single-stranded RNA species not present when cells were infected with only unpassaged SV. RNA synthesis by the 1.22 g/cc particles, however, appeared to require the presence of infective virions. The 1.22 g/cc particle also interfered with RNA synthesis by unpassaged SV, and, therefore, can be designated a defective-interfering particle.
Median palatine cysts: Review of the literature and report of a case

Abstract A case of the rare median palatine cyst is reported. The clinical and histologic findings would seem to confirm diagnostic characteristics peculiar to this entity.