cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2803: Disabeled-2 (Dab-2) modulates platelet-cancer cell interactions through its sulfatide binding domain.

Platelets’ role in cancer progression and metastasis has largely been attributed to platelet-mediated enhancement of tumor cell survival, extravasation (exiting form capillaries and entering organs), and angiogenesis. Correlations exist between the ability of some tumor cells to aggregate platelets in vitro and their metastatic potential in vivo that it is manifested as a hypercoagulable state found in most cancer patients. We have identified a tumor suppressor molecule (Dab-2) that it is released upon platelet activation and that modulates the extent of blood clotting. Our results show Dab-2 is released from alpha-granules in the platelet to the membrane surface where specifically binds to the integrin receptor, thus inhibiting platelet aggregation. Binding of Dab-2 to integrins is modulated by sulfatides, a form of glycosphingolipid that accumulate in platelet membrane and effectively compete for Dab-2 levels. Interestingly, we found that the N-terminal region of Dab-2 specifically binds to sulfatides through two conserved sulfatide-binding sites. Upon activation, sulfatides protect Dab-2 from thrombin cleavage, facilitate its internalization and modulate the surface expression of P-selectin, a coagulation protein needed for stabilization of platelet aggregates. P-selectin also mediates both tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and the interaction between activated platelets and cancer cells (emboli) during metastasis. Interestingly, our data show that Dab-2/sulfatide recognition influences the stability of platelet aggregates heterotypically with cancer cells through sulfatide binding and, indirectly, by controlling P-selectin levels. Thus, we hypothesize that manipulation of Dab-2 function in response of platelet activation will impact emboli formation offering an alternative route for therapeutic strategies aimed to control metastatic processes. Citation Format: Kaitlyn Andreano, Xiangping Fu, Daniel Capelluto, Carla Finkielstein. Disabeled-2 (Dab-2) modulates platelet-cancer cell interactions through its sulfatide binding domain. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2803. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2803
Urbanization and Development: The Emergence of International Nongovernmental Organizations amid Declining States:

Half of the world's population will live in cities by the early twenty-first century, and, of the ten most populated cities, nine will be in the developing world. Unfortunately, this is occurring a...
Risk Stratification and Emerging Treatment Strategies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract Two major prognostic factors for outcomes with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy center on cytogenetic/molecular markers and patient age. With the paucity of novel agents available for the treatment of AML, clinicians are forced to fine-tune existing treatment strategies based on risk status to achieve the best results. Dr. Margaret R. O'Donnell of the City of Hope Cancer Center explored the prognostic implications of molecular mutations and other risk factors in the treatment of AML and presented an update of the current treatment strategies, sharing relevant clinical trial data on which recommendations are based. She also provided a glimpse of a novel non-chemotherapy approach to acute promyelocytic leukemia, which has had a major impact on treatment guidelines for this hematologic malignancy.
DjPiwiB: A Rich Nuclear Inheritance for Descendants of Planarian Stem Cells

Stem cell differentiation involves a delicate balance of gene expression and transposon repression. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Shibata et al. (2016) show that a PIWI protein expressed in planarian stem cells is inherited by their differentiating descendants to ensure regenerative capacity of the flatworm via transposon silencing.
Clustering Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks with Power Harvesting

This paper proposes a new routing algorithm named Power-Harvesting Clustering(PHC),in which the nodes may harvest power from the ambience. PHC modifies the cluster-head selection algorithm and non-cluster-head attribution algorithm according to the node’s power-level,power-harvest level,and the distance between the cluster-head and sink node. The simulation results prove that PHC can equilibrate the depletion of energy in WSN,and prolong the network’s lifetime when compared with LEACH in vibration power harvesting.
"Coca got us here and now it's our weakness:" Fusarium oxysporum and the political ecology of a drug war policy alternative in Bolivia.

Abstract Background A strain of Fusarium oxysporum fungus is killing coca plants in the Chapare coca growing region of Bolivia. Coca farmers are already constrained in the amount of coca they can grow under the government's community-based coca control approach, "social control." Coca leaf is the main ingredient in cocaine, but it is also a traditional medicine and food, is economically vital to household incomes, and is a political symbol of the current government administration. Bolivia's approach to coca control, now administered without any United States military intervention, is an innovative example of experimentation with drug policy reform. Methods This paper is based on ethnographic research including semi-structured interviews and observation. Results Coca growers are worried about the dire economic, social, and political consequences of the fungus' appearance and spread since summer 2013. They have two explanations for its origins: First, that it was sent by the United States government, which in the past was developing a strain of F. oxysporum for use in the drug war; Second, and the explanation of scientists, is that the outbreak is caused by the overuse of agrochemicals and other intensive agricultural practices. Conclusion More than a matter of agroecology, the practices identified in the second explanation must be understood in terms of the persistence of the international drug prohibition regime. Bolivia's social control approach is a successful alternative to violent eradication measures, however the country is constrained to uphold the fundamental principles of supply-side control in order to be a respected partner in global drug control. The supply-side logics restricting social control make intensive agriculture practices attractive, but may have contributed to the fungus' proliferation and its continued spread. The fungus draws attention to the challenges of policy reform, new collateral damages of drug control, and role environmental factors can play in drug control politics.
Conclusions: Winners Lose

“Like so many sadnesses you get used to live with” are the words written on the wall of a small drugstore a few blocks away from Laura's home.1 The graffiti captures the everyday experience of poor voters like Laura who participate in party rallies and elections to receive benefits in exchange for their political support. Laura lives today with a disabled son as a result of her attending a rally to continue receiving a welfare benefit. She continues participating in rallies and elections and voting for candidates that Mario, now an elected local representative, supports. Laura still struggles every day to make ends meet regardless of the benefits she receives from a social welfare program and a scholarship from the government for her disabled son. Mario still uses clientelism to mobilize voters; he has even succeeded in building and sustaining a party network of poor voters like Laura that enabled him to get elected as a local representative. Their relationship, from its origins until the present, illustrates the findings presented in this book. It is the logic of perverse incentives, which rewards party candidates based only on the number of voters they mobilize, that hindered Mario from being compassionate toward Laura. If Mario had not forced Laura to attend the rally, other voters could have assumed that they could receive – or seek to receive – benefits without having to participate in rallies and elections. Mario could not run the risk of excusing Laura and strongly encouraged her to attend the rally. The tragic outcome was the result of the logic of perverse incentives that led Mario to force Laura to attend a party rally, and its unintended consequences – that Laura's son, a healthy baby boy, suffered an irreparable injury as a result of negligence that could have been avoided if Laura had not been forced to attend the rally. This book finds that office-seeking candidates competing to mobilize poor voters are encouraged to use clientelism to succeed. In rewarding candidates based only on the number of voters they mobilize, party leaders motivate candidates to turn to clientelism. The combination of the electoral success of candidates who employ clientelism, the dynamics of political competition, and the absence of effective punishment encourages candidates to use clientelistic strategies to mobilize poor voters.
What Is Composition and (If You Know What That Is) Why Do We Teach It

I will not be presenting a theory paper here. Nor do I want to argue for a particular kind of program or set of practices. I have no desire to be comprehensive. I have, however, been “in” composition for some time; more recently, I have done a good bit of traveling to evaluate departments and programs. I would like to offer something like a report from the field and to write about some places where composition has shown its face in interesting or surprising ways. I need to be clear: the composition I am talking about is not a consensus or a specific professional (or “disciplinary” ) agenda; it is not in the control of composition professionals; it is not represented by the conflicts that take place at meetings or in journals. It is, rather, a set of problems produced by a wider, more diffuse set of practices and desires, usually brought into play by instances of language change or variety (or by the possibility that writing might change or be various). In a sense, the history of composition has been the record of institutional and professional responses to challenged standards, challenges to a standard of writing produced by writers who were said to be unprepared. Composition marked the people and places charged to prepare those students and/or to defend and rationalize their “unauthorized” writing.
Selected Papers From the Ninth International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels

It is with great pleasure that I present this special issue highlighting some of the papers presented at the Ninth International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels (ICNMM),...
Abstract 1523: Prostaglandin E2 promotes colorectal cancer stem-like cell expansion and metastasis

Emerging evidence suggests that chronic inflammation and inflammatory mediators contribute to cancer stem-like cell (CSLC) formation, maintenance, and expansion. However, the mechanisms underlying their contribution to CSLC regulation are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that an inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), induces colorectal CSLC expansion in vivo and in vitro. PGE2 also accelerates liver metastatic tumor incidence and numbers in an orthotopic model. Furthermore, we show that NF-κB is required for PGE2 induction of CSLCs and colorectal tumor metastatic spread. PI3K and MAPK pathways mediate PGE2 activation of NF-κB in induction of CSLCs. These results demonstrate that PGE2 induces colorectal CSLC expansion by activating NF-κB via PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways. Our findings not only uncover a previously unrecognized role of PGE2 in induction of CSLCs and metastasis, but also may delineate a novel therapeutic approach for CRC patients by targeting CSLCs via inhibition of the PGE2 signaling pathway. Citation Format: Dingzhi Wang, Lingchen Fu, Haiyan Sun, Raymond N. DuBois. Prostaglandin E2 promotes colorectal cancer stem-like cell expansion and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1523. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1523
Symbiotic relationship of IV-tPA and mechanical thrombectomy in a case of acute tandem ICA–MCA occlusion

Abstract Intro: In light of the recent successful mechanical thrombectomy trials, the need for IV-tPA prior is under investigation. Few cases demonstrate angiographically the role of both mechanical and chemical strategies at achieving reperfusion. Case report: A 63 year-old male presented with an NIHSS 20. CTA demonstrated an acute occlusion of the left cervical and intracranial ICA and MCA. IV-tPA was administered, followed by immediate reperfusion of the cervical ICA with carotid stenting and mechanical thrombectomy. Within the next 10 min, the entire intracranial clot burden dissolved under angiographic control. TICI 3 reperfusion was achieved without any further intervention. Post-procedure, the patient recovered fully to an NIHSS of 0. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of IV-tPA administration in conjunction to mechanical thrombectomy. The interventionalist should take advantage of the symbiotic effect of the IV-tPA administration, which remains the standard of care so far.
High yield, scalable and remotely drug-loaded neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) for anti-inflammation therapy

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-formed compartments naturally secreted from cells, which are intercellular mediators regulating physiology and pathogenesis, therefore they could be a novel therapeutic carrier for targeted delivery. However, the translation of EVs is hindered by the heterogeneous composition, low yield, inefficient drug loading and unlikely scalability. Here we report a strategy to generate EVs using nitrogen cavitation (NC-EVs) that instantly disrupts neutrophils to form nanosized membrane vesicles. NC-EVs are similar to naturally secreted EVs (NS-EVs), but contain less subcellular organelles and nuclear acids. The production of NC-EVs was increased by 16 folds and is easy to scale up for clinical use compared to NS-EVs. To examine the usefulness of NC-EVs as a drug delivery platform, piceatannol (an anti-inflammation drug) was remotely loaded in NC-EVs via the pH gradient. We found that piceatannol-loaded NC-EVs dramatically alleviated acute lung inflammation/injury and sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our studies reveal that nitrogen cavitation is a novel approach to efficiently generate EVs from any cell type and could be exploited for personalized nanomedicine.
Self-Reported Oil Spill Exposure and Pregnancy Complications: The GROWH Study

Adverse infant outcomes often rise in the aftermath of disaster, but few studies have assessed the effects of disaster on maternal health. 1091 southern Louisiana women were interviewed about their pregnancy history, including pregnancy complications. Associations between oil spill exposures and gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders, and nausea/vomiting were assessed for all reported pregnancies. 631 women had a pregnancy both before and after the oil spill. Generalized estimating equations (logistic regression) with adjustment for confounders were used. To assess possible unmeasured confounding, instead of considering oil spill exposure as a time-varying exposure, women were defined as oil spill-exposed or not. If oil spill-exposed women were equally prone to complications in pregnancies that occurred prior to the oil spill as after it, it was considered that any associations were likely due to selection or reporting issues. Women who reported oil spill exposure, particularly loss of use of the coast, were more likely to report gestational diabetes; however, the level of association was similar for pregnancies before and after the spill (p for interaction >0.10 and odds ratios (ORs) for pregnancies prior to the spill > than those after the spill). No associations were found between oil spill exposure and hypertensive disorders. This analysis does not suggest an increased risk of pregnancy complications associated with exposure to the oil spill; however, future studies should assess exposure and outcomes prospectively and clinically instead of relying on self-report.
How Does Diversification Strategy Differ among Different Types of Family Firms

Research suggests that family firms diversify less than nonfamily firms do. However, once family firms decide to diversify, are they more likely to prefer related or unrelated diversification? The ...
History, Diagnosis, and Management of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is probably the best recognized progressive immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy. It is characterized by a symmetrical, motor-predominant peripheral neuropathy that produces both distal and proximal weakness. Large-fiber abnormalities (weakness and ataxia) predominate, whereas small-fiber abnormalities (autonomic and pain) are less common. The pathophysiology of CIDP is inflammatory demyelination that manifests as slowed conduction velocities, temporal dispersion, and conduction block on nerve conduction studies and as segmental demyelination, onion-bulb formation, and endoneurial inflammatory infiltrates on nerve biopsies. Although spinal fluid protein levels are generally elevated, this finding is not specific for the diagnosis of ClDP. Other neuropathies can resemble CIDP, and it is important to identify these to ensure correct treatment of these various conditions. Consequently, metastatic bone surveys (for osteosclerotic myeloma), serum electrophoresis with immunofixation (for monoclonal gammopathies), and human immunodeficiency virus testing should be considered for testing in patients with suspected CIDP. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy can present as various subtypes, the most common being the classical symmetrical polyradiculoneuropathy and the next most common being a localized asymmetrical form, multifocal CIDP. There are 3 well-established, first-line treatments of CIDP-corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin-with most experts using intravenous immunoglobulin as first-line therapy. Newer immune-modulating drugs can be used in refractory cases. Treatment response in CIDP should be judged by objective measures (improvement in the neurological or electrophysiological examination), and treatment needs to be individualized to each patient.
Kindergarten Practice: The Situated Socialization of Minority Parents

Almost all parents in Norway use kindergarten and part of becoming a kindergarten parent is learning the routines of the particular institution. Thus, kindergarten parents go through a socialization process, learning amongst other how to deliver and pick up their children. Building on ten days observations of bringing and delivery scenes in a kindergarten, it is here suggested that this socialization process may have a racialized character. The kindergarten in question had special delivery routines, which the kindergarten staff expected parents to carry out, but not everybody did, and the article investigates how the staff reacted towards the three deviant cases observed. The bottom-up analysis of the social interaction between the parents and the staff is here supplied by the perspective of racialization, questioning the gaze of majority persons and their naturalized power to define non-complying parents as something other. The kindergarten staff did not overtly orient to the non-compliance as a problem in the case where the parent had a majority background, which was in much contrast to their conduct in the two other cases with minority parents. In these cases, the staff interacted in a unilateral manner by giving advice and even instructions, very much embodying what Palludan in her study of children-staff interaction calls the teaching tone.
Emergency evacuation system for mines

There are many potential hazards in the underground mining these include fire, explosion, inundation, roof collapse, toxic gases, chemical pollution, etc. Over past centuries, in US alone, more than 100 000 miners lost their life in different accidents. The primary safety methods used in underground mines concentrate on the monitoring of the hazardous gases, fire detection and ventilation. Using advanced instruments and monitoring techniques have significantly reduced the accidents in the modern mines. However despite the advancement of these monitoring facilities, accidents still occur in underground mining annually in the world, and many miners were killed because they were trapped and unable to escape due to blocked of exit access. Described a new development for the emergency evacuation system in underground mines and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the system. It is expected that the new system will greatly improve the emergency exit methods and save more lives in the future.
Development, Availability and Characterization of ATCC Human and Animal Cell Lines

The development, acquisition otherwise, cryopreservation, characterization and distribution of cell lines represent the major activities of our department. For example, cell lines of fibroblastic, epithelial and lymphoblastic origin plus hybridomas have been developed. Standard and serum-free systems have been utilized. A wide variety of human and animal lines have been acquired otherwise and accessioned. The characteristics of representative cultures are discussed. Cell lines are tested routinely for microbial contaminants including mycoplasma and species is verified by isoenzymology. Karyology, the DNA fingerprint for human lines, functional traits, tumorigenicity and other characteristics are confirmed as appropriate. Computerized databases on cell lines are now available internationally for ATCC clients via CODATA and TYMNET or Telenet networks. By using the databases one can quickly retrieve information about specific lines or create lists of lines with specific characteristics.
Functional Analysis of the c-myb Proto-Oncogene

The v-myb gene was initially identified as the oncogenic agent in the defective avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), which induces acute myeloblasts leukemia in vivo and transforms myeloid cells in vitro (1). Klempnauer et al. (2,3) showed that the v-myb portion of AMV was transduced from seven internal exons of a cellular gene designated c-myb. A second replication-defective avian retrovirus, E26, was also found to contain v-myb as well as v-ets sequences (4,5). As with AMV, E26 contains a v-myb component which is an altered version of c-myb, with each containing both amino- and carboxy-terminal truncations of their gene products. The proteins encoded by AMV, E26, and c-myb have been localized to the nucleus (6,7).
Glutathione carbamoylation with S-methyl N,N-diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide and sulfone. Mitochondrial low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition and implications for its alcohol-deterrent action.

Abstract S -Methyl N , N -diethylthiolcarbamate sulfoxide (DETC-MeSO) and sulfone (DETC-MeSO 2 ) both inhibit rat liver low K m aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH 2 ) in vitro and in vivo (Nagendra et al ., Biochem Pharmacol 47: 1465–1467, 1994). DETC-MeSO has been shown to be a metabolite of disulfiram, but DETC-MeSO 2 has not. Studies were carried out to further investigate the inhibition of ALDH 2 by DETC-MeSO and DETC-MeSO 2 . In an in vitro system containing hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase, the rate of DETC-MeSO oxidation corresponded to the rate of DETC-MeSO 2 formation. Carbamoylation of GSH by both DETC-MeSO and DETC-MeSO 2 was observed in a rat liver S 9 fraction. Carbamoylation of GSH was not observed in the presence of N -methylmaleimide. In in vitro studies, DETC-MeSO and DETC-MeSO 2 were equipotent ALDH 2 inhibitors when solubilized mitochondria were used, but DETC-MeSO was approximately four times more potent than DETC-MeSO 2 in intact mitochondria. In studies with rats, the dose (i.p. or oral) required to inhibit 50% ALDH 2 ( ed 50 ) was 3.5 mg/kg for DETC-MeSO and approximately 35 mg/kg for DETC-MeSO 2 , approximately a 10-fold difference. Furthermore, maximum ALDH 2 inhibition occurred 1 hr after DETC-MeSO administration, whereas maximal ALDH 2 inhibition occurred 8 hr after DETC-MeSO 2 dosing. DETC-MeSO is, therefore, not only a more potent ALDH 2 inhibitor than DETC-MeSO 2 in vivo , but also in vitro when intact mitochondria are utilized. The in vitro results thus support the in vivo findings. Since oxidation of DETC-MeSO can occur both enzymatically and non-enzymatically, it is possible that DETC-MeSO 2 is formed in vivo . DETC-MeSO 2 , however, is not as effective as DETC-MeSO in inhibiting ALDH 2 , probably because it has difficulty penetrating the mitochondrial membrane. Thus, even if DETC-MeSO 2 is formed in vivo from DETC-MeSO, it is the metabolite DETC-MeSO that is most likely responsible for the inhibition of ALDH 2 after disulfiram administration.
Immunologic Monitoring of Cancer Vaccine Trials Using the ELISPOT Assay

Cancer vaccines are designed to activate an immune response to tumor-specific or tumor-associated antigens expressed by the tumor. Cancer vaccines take many forms, including synthetic peptides, tumor cells and lysates, cell lines, and autologous antigen presenting cells like dendritic cells. The target antigens may be known, or "defined" in the vaccine, or unknown. In melanoma, more so than in other cancers, a large number of immunogenic "shared" antigens (tumor-specific or tumor-associated) have been identified. This allows for vaccination of groups of patients with the same vaccine, and also allows for testing for melanoma tumor immunity even when the vaccine does not include defined antigens. For the cancer vaccine field, the goal of a prognostic or predictive biomarker has yet to be achieved. However, the primary immunologic goal of any cancer vaccine is the induction (or amplification) of an immune response against the tumor, therefore the primary goal of immunologic monitoring in this setting, is testing for that response. In this chapter, we present standardized methodology from a central immunologic monitoring laboratory for melanoma cancer vaccine immune response assessment by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbant Spot (ELISPOT) assay. This assay allows for enumeration of antigen-specific cells in a plate format. We present the Interferon (IFN)-γ-producing lymphocyte assay, but the platform is easily adjusted to several cell types and several secreted molecules.
Spatial and Temporal Discontinuities of Biological Processes in Pelagic Surface Waters

The classical paradigm of an unproductive, nutrient-poor pelagic zone where primary production is fueled almost exclusively by nutrient regeneration processes, appears at odds with the contemporary view that new primary production, supported by a stoichiometric input of oxidized nutrients into the euphotic zone, is considerably higher than previously thought. One way to accomodate both scenarios is to invoke the two layer concept in which the bulk of new primary production occurs at or near the base of the euphotic zone in response to pulsed injections of NO3 - and PO4 3-. Productivity in the upper euphotic zone where nutrients and biomass are trapped would be regulated almost exclusively by regenerative and degradative processes that occur within the microbial food loop. Since the microbial food loop which consists of a tightly-knit assemblage of phototrophic and heterotrophic nanno- and picoplankton persists throughout the euphotic zone, most of the energy and carbon processed by these small microbes would be lost through respiration and thus would not contribute to new production exiting to deeper waters. This raises the perplexing question of how biological processes are coupled to the input of new nutrients which, in turn, is controlled by physical events that occur on greatly varying temporal and spatial scales. Possibly, short-lived, local mixing events provide the right combination of light and new nutrients to allow rapid and undetected bursts of growth of larger phytoplankton species, in effect, creating ephemeral eutrophication zones. The resulting food chain may be short and simple so that newly fixed carbon can exit the euphotic zone rapidly while leaving behind an oxygen signal.
APAT: an access pattern analysis tool for distributed arrays

Distributed arrays reduce programming effort through implicit communication. However, relying solely on this abstraction causes fine-grained communication and performance overhead. A variety of optimization techniques can be used to mitigate such overheads. However, these techniques require a thorough understanding of how distributed arrays are accessed which can be very challenging in realistic use cases. We present Access Pattern Analysis Tool (APAT) for distributed arrays. APAT is a framework that can be integrated into language software stack to efficiently collect access logs and analyze them. We show that APAT can help discover optimization opportunities that can lead to up to 35% improvement.
Respecting the Voices of Youth: Studying School Security and Punishment

In this chapter I discuss the importance I place on a social justice-oriented motivation to scholarship and focus on the hazard that this motivation can result in judgment. It is easy to judge research subjects who may do harm without meaning to, or who are uncritical of social phenomena that we, as researchers, see as problematic—often including harms done to them. In my research I have had to learn how to appreciate the voices of youth who uncritically accept over-policing and unnecessarily harsh punishments in schools, since my goal is to learn from research subjects, not judge how they should or should not perceive their surroundings. This experience has (I hope) made me a better scholar and more effective advocate for youth. It has spawned new questions and insights, led me to a deeper understanding of the lives of the youth I was studying, and resulted in greater reflection on my own critical gaze.
Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a systemic drug hypersensitivity reaction ranging in clinical presentation from more mild (rash, transient eosinophilia, lymphadenopathy) to severe (multi-organ dysfunction).
Microchip Cytometry for Multiplexed Single-Cell Protein Detection in a Low-Resource Setting toward Point of Care Diagnosis.

Multiplex measurement of protein expression with the single-cell resolution has been challenging. Although a few conventional approaches including flow cytometry and immunofluorescence-based methods have been developed to detect proteins in individual cells, they are either dependent on bulky instrument or not multiplexed and high-throughput enough. Here we present a portable single-cell analysis system that is operable in a resource-limited environment. A stand–sit microchip housed in a clamp enables simple and instrument-free operation of all necessary steps, and the detection based on immunogold enhancement exonerates the reliance on fluorescence optics and electronics. The quantified sensitivity was found comparable to the conventional fluorescence approaches. We used this system to analyze five immune effector proteins and found the system is equally effective to detect those proteins in hundreds of single cells. Significant increase of cytokine protein production by THP1 monocytes was observed upon ...
UNIT 5.12 The Use of Phage Display in Neurobiology

Phage display has been extensively used to study protein-protein interactions, receptor- and antibody-binding sites, and immune responses, to modify protein properties, and to select antibodies against a wide range of different antigens. In the format most often used, a polypeptide is displayed on the surface of a filamentous phage by genetic fusion to one of the coat proteins, creating a chimeric coat protein, and coupling phenotype (the protein) to genotype (the gene within). As the gene encoding the chimeric coat protein is packaged within the phage, selection of the phage on the basis of the binding properties of the polypeptide displayed on the surface simultaneously results in the isolation of the gene encoding the polypeptide. This unit describes the background to the technique, and illustrates how it has been applied to a number of different problems, each of which has its neurobiological counterparts. Although this overview concentrates on the use of filamentous phage, which is the most popular platform, other systems are also described. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 51:5.12.1-5.12.27. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: phage; phage display; antibody; peptide; protein-protein interactions; cDNA; genomic library
Nanophotonic Integration of Atomic Wavelength References

Nanophotonic circuitry is interfaced to microfabricated alkali vapor cells forming a quantum sensing platform. We operate this device as a wavelength reference using several operation modes and discuss strengths and limitations of such devices. © 2019 The Author(s)
A Simple Model to Estimate Solidification Time–Dendrite Arm Spacing Relationships in Cast Aluminum Alloys with Two Major Alloying Additions: Application to the Al-Si-Cu System

Secondary dendrite arm coarsening model developed by Feurer and Wunderlin was used in this study. The parameters of the model were adjusted by following a simple approach to find an equivalent eutectic composition based on the alloying additions. Results showed the simple model proposed in this study provided good fits to data from literature on the 319 alloy as well as Al-Si-Cu alloys with various compositions.
Abstract #2361: Development of a transgenic zebrafish system for oro-esophageal cancer research

The zebrafish has become a useful model organism for research on development and diseases. Recently it has been used for cancer research of several organ sites, including the gastrointestinal tract. However, there has been no zebrafish model system for studying oro-esophageal carcinogenesis. In the present study, we first characterized the histology of the upper gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish. We found that zebrafish tongue was covered by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which was similar to the oro-esophageal epithelium in humans. Zebrafish esophagus was covered by a simple columnar epithelium containing mucous cells. In situ hybridization showed that keratin 5, which is expressed in the basal cell layer of mammalian oro-esophageal epithelium, was strongly expressed in all cell layers of the squamous epithelium of zebrafish tongue. A highly conserved promoter of zebrafish keratin 5 (zK5) was cloned to drive transgenic expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP was found to be strongly expressed in the periderm and the cornea. In adult fish, GFP was also abundantly expressed in the tongue and fin. GFP expression in transgenic fish recapitulated endogenous zK5 gene expression as shown by in situ hybridization. This study indicated a high fidelity of GFP reporter gene expression in the tongue under the control of zK5 promoter. This transgenic system may be used for future studies on oro-esophageal development and cancer. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2361.
A Pharmacoepidemiologic Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Clindamycin in Infants.

Background Despite the absence of adequate safety or efficacy data, clindamycin is widely prescribed in the neonatal intensive care unit. We evaluated the association between clindamycin exposure and adverse events, as well as antibiotic effectiveness in infants. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of infants receiving clindamycin before postnatal day 121 who were discharged from a Pediatrix Medical Group neonatal intensive care unit (1997-2015). Using a previously developed pharmacokinetic model, we performed simulations to predict clindamycin exposure based on available dosing data. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between clindamycin exposure and safety outcomes during and after clindamycin therapy. We reported the proportion of infants with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and clearance of MRSA bacteremia. Results A total of 4089 infants received clindamycin at a median (25th-75th percentile) dose of 15 mg/kg/d (12-16). Clearance increased with older gestational age. Infants with the highest total clindamycin exposure had marginally increased odds of necrotizing enterocolitis within 7 days (adjusted odds ratio = 1.95 [1.04-3.63]), but exposure was not associated with death, sepsis, seizures, intestinal perforation or intestinal strictures. Of 25 infants who had MRSA bacteremia, 19 (76%) cleared the infection by the end of the clindamycin course. Conclusions Higher clindamycin exposure was not associated with increased odds of death or nonlaboratory adverse events. The use of pharmacokinetic models combined with available electronic health record data offers a valuable, cost-effective approach to analyzing the safety and effectiveness of drugs in infants when large-scale trials are not feasible.
Ultra-Deep Coverage Single-Molecule R-loop Footprinting Reveals Principles of R-loop Formation.

R-loops are a prevalent class of non-B DNA structures that have been associated with both positive and negative cellular outcomes. DNA:RNA immunoprecipitation (DRIP) approaches based on the anti-DNA:RNA hybrid S9.6 antibody revealed that R-loops form dynamically over conserved genic hotspots. We have developed an orthogonal approach that queries R-loops via the presence of long stretches of single-stranded DNA on their looped-out strand. Nondenaturing sodium bisulfite treatment catalyzes the conversion of unpaired cytosines to uracils, creating permanent genetic tags for the position of an R-loop. Long-read, single-molecule PacBio sequencing allows the identification of R-loop 'footprints' at near nucleotide resolution in a strand-specific manner on long single DNA molecules and at ultra-deep coverage. Single-molecule R-loop footprinting coupled with PacBio sequencing (SMRF-seq) revealed a strong agreement between S9.6-based and bisulfite-based R-loop mapping and confirmed that R-loops form over genic hotspots, including gene bodies and terminal gene regions. Based on the largest single-molecule R-loop dataset to date, we show that individual R-loops form nonrandomly, defining discrete sets of overlapping molecular clusters that pileup through larger R-loop zones. R-loops most often map to intronic regions and their individual start and stop positions do not match with intron-exon boundaries, reinforcing the model that they form cotranscriptionally from unspliced transcripts. SMRF-seq further established that R-loop distribution patterns are not simply driven by intrinsic DNA sequence features but most likely also reflect DNA topological constraints. Overall, DRIP-based and SMRF-based approaches independently provide a complementary and congruent view of R-loop distribution, consolidating our understanding of the principles underlying R-loop formation.
Initial safety posture investigations for earth regime rendezvous and proximity operations

Abstract Next-generation space activities, where companies and organizations begin to provide services for each others space assets, are real and coming on-line. The Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations (CONFERS) is an industry-led initiative meant to help enable new companies and industries in pursuit of on-orbit servicing (OOS) through metrics and standard developments. The University of Southern California’s (USC) Space Engineering Research Center (SERC) is chartered to examine past and present activities related to this new domain and uncover elements that might benefit from the application of standards or practices for the industry as a whole. This paper will 1) review and update USC’s initial technical rendezvous metrics, and 2) introduce OOS functional evaluations and an initial ontology for consideration.
Dataset and kinetic model reaction compilation for the radical-induced degradation of formic acid and formate in aqueous solution.

Abstract This article contains the individual datasets and complete reaction kinetics compilation for the formic acid/formate component of the kinetic model described in “Radiolytic Degradation of Formic Acid and Formate in Aqueous Solution: Modeling the Final Stages of Organic Mineralization under Advanced Oxidation Process Conditions” [1] . Gamma irradiation data were collected for aqueous sodium formate solutions under pH = 1.5 and 9.0 conditions. To determine the optimum conditions necessary to effectively mineralize formic acid/formate in an Advanced Oxidation Process utilized for water treatment, several solution compositions were evaluated: air, nitrogen, and nitrous oxide saturation. Data were collected by a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. These measured values were used to construct a kinetic computer model, by combining with published literature rate coefficients and optimizing specific important rate coefficients to afford the best agreement with experimental data.
José María Arguedas y el concepto de experiencia

Este articulo analiza la importancia del concepto de experiencia en la obra de Jose Maria Arguedas, proponiendo una cronologia para una mejor comprension. La reflexion sobre la experiencia de Arguedas, que se inicio paralelamente a su carrera literaria cuando tenia 27 anos de edad, acompano toda su futura obra definiendo tanto su trabajo de folklorista y etnologo como sus exploraciones sobre el lenguaje de la novela. Este articulo demuestra que tal dimension conceptual de la experiencia fue fundamental en la elaboracion de su novela postuma, El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Music for Pain Relief after Arthroplasty Surgery.

Abstract Purpose Effective pain management for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, using pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies, is essential. This pilot study evaluated music as an adjuvant therapy with prescribed analgesics to reduce acute pain and analgesic use among patients undergoing arthroplasty surgery. Design Prospective randomized controlled trial of 50 participants scheduled for arthroplasty surgery at a large university-affiliated hospital. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to treatment (music and analgesic medication; n = 25) or control (analgesic medication only; n = 25) groups. The intervention consisted of listening to self-selected music for 30 minutes, three times per day postoperatively in hospital and for 2 days postdischarge at home. Participants rated pain intensity and distress before and after music listening (treatment group) or meals (control group). Analgesic medication use was assessed via medical records in hospital and self-report logs postdischarge. Results Forty-seven participants completed the study. Participants who listened to music after surgery reported significantly lower pain intensity and distress in hospital and postdischarge at home. There were no statistically significant differences in analgesic medication use after surgery between groups. Conclusions Study findings provide further evidence for the effectiveness of music listening, combined with analgesics, for reducing postsurgical pain, and extend the literature by examining music listening postdischarge. Music listening is an effective adjuvant pain management strategy. It is easy to administer, accessible, and affordable. Patient education is needed to encourage patients to continue to use music to reduce pain at home during the postoperative recovery period.
Digit Preference in Office Blood Pressure Measurements, United States 2015-2019.

BACKGROUND Blood pressure (BP) measurement error may lead to under- or overtreatment of hypertension. One common source of error is terminal digit preference, most often a terminal digit of "0." The objective was to evaluate national trends in terminal digit preference in office BP measurements among adults with treated hypertension. METHODS Data were from IQVIA's National Disease and Therapeutic Index, a nationally representative, serial cross-sectional survey of office-based physicians. The analysis included office visits from 2015 to 2019 among adults aged ≥18 years receiving antihypertensive treatment. Annual trends were examined in the percent of systolic and diastolic BP measurements ending in zero by patient sex, age, and race/ethnicity, physician specialty, and first or subsequent hypertension treatment visit. RESULTS From 2015 to 2019, there were ~60 million hypertension treatment visits annually (unweighted N: 5,585-9,085). There was a decrease in the percent of visits with systolic (41.7%-37.7%) or diastolic (42.7%-37.8%) BP recordings ending in zero. Trends were similar by patient characteristics. However, a greater proportion of measurements ended in zero among patients aged ≥80 (vs. 15-59 or 60-79) years, first (vs. subsequent) treatment visits, visits to cardiologists (vs. primary care physicians), and visits with systolic BP ≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 (vs. <140/90) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS Despite modest improvement, terminal digit preference remains a common problem in office BP measurement in the United States. Without bias, 10%-20% of measurements are expected to end in zero. Reducing digit preference is a priority for improving BP measurement accuracy and hypertension management.
On the effect of internal friction on torsional and axial cyclic loading

Abstract Failure of materials subjected to torsional and axial cyclic loading is studied by applying the principles of thermodynamics of dissipative processes. Extensive experimental tests are conducted using stainless steel (SS) 304 and SS316 materials to gain insight into both torsional and tension–compression fatigue life. It is shown that the higher magnitude of dissipated energy in torsional loading, as reported in many studies, is due to the anelastic deformation in the material and its associated internal friction. It is further shown that proper assessment of the damaging dissipation energy requires one to exclude the non-damaging internal friction from the total amount of energy dissipation. Accumulation of thermodynamic entropy generation as an index parameter using the modified dissipated energy is estimated to predict the fatigue life. The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the proposed fatigue life prediction.
Diversification to Mitigate Expropriation in the Tobacco Industry

While it is well-established that diversifying acquisitions by large cash-rich firms destroy shareholder wealth, we document positive abnormal returns to such acquisitions in the tobacco industry. We show these abnormal returns are associated with proxies for lower expected expropriation costs. Specifically, we show wealth creation increases in (1) the degree of domestic geographic expansion afforded by the acquisition (increasing tobacco firms' influence in more political districts), and (2) the liquidity of tobacco firms' assets (converting cash to harder-to-expropriate operating assets). We also predict and find that the threat of expropriation constrains payments to shareholders before expropriation becomes certain in 1998.