cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poor Sleep Is Associated With Greater Marital Aggression: The Role of Self Control.

Background/Objective: Although sleep problems are linked to relationship difficulties, the mechanisms involved have not been empirically demonstrated. The present study considers self-control as such a mechanism. Participants: Data were collected from 342 predominantly white, middle-class, married adults. Method: Participants completed online questionnaires about sleep, marital aggression, and self-control, and a virtual voodoo doll task. Results and Conclusions: Sleep problems were associated with higher levels of aggression on all measures, and lower self-control mediated these associations. Associations did not depend on participant gender, presence of children in the home, income, or length of marriage.
Synthesis of Diverse N-Acryloyl Azetidines and Evaluation of Their Enhanced Thiol Reactivities.

Acyl azetidines exhibit nonplanar hybridization, leading to lower amide-like character of the corresponding (O)C–N bonds. This impacts N-acryloyl azetidines by producing enhanced electrophilicy at appended Michael acceptors. Herein, reactivity data are reported in the presence of glutathione (GSH) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Wide reactivity ranges are observed by varying substitution at the Michael acceptor or by modulating the electron-withdrawing character of substituents at the C3 position of the azetidine.
Sterol metabolism. II. Gas chromatographic recognition of cholesterol metabolites and artifacts.

Abstract The gas chromatographic characterization of common sterols related to cholesterol or implicated in cholesterol autoxidation is deseribed. Relative retention data are given for sixty cholesterol derivatives, including free sterols, steryl acetates, and steryl trimethylsilyl ethers, on four gas chromatographic systems.
Crocodilian perivitelline membrane-bound sperm detection.

Advanced reproductive technologies (ART's) are often employed with various taxa to enhance captive breeding programs and maintain genetic diversity. Perivitelline membrane-bound (PVM-bound) sperm detection has previously been demonstrated in avian and chelonian species as a useful technique for breeding management. In the absence of embryotic development within an egg, this technique can detect the presence of sperm trapped on the oocyte membrane confirming breeding, male reproductive status, and pair compatibility. PVM-bound sperm were successfully detected in three clutches of Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) eggs at the Smithsonian's National Zoological Park (NZP) for the first time in any crocodilian species. PVM-bound sperm were detected in fresh and incubated C. rhombifer eggs, as well as eggs that were developing (banded) and those that were not (not banded). The results of this study showed significant differences in average sperm densities per egg between clutches (p = 0.001). Additionally, there was not a significant difference within clutches between eggs that banded and those that did not band (Clutch A, p = 0.505; Clutch B, p = 0.665; Clutch C, p = 0.266). The results of this study demonstrate the necessity to microscopically examine eggs that do not develop (do not band), to determine if sperm is present, which can help animal managers problem solve reproductive shortcomings. PVM-bound sperm detection could be a useful technique in assessing crocodilian breeding programs, as well as have potential uses in studies assessing sperm storage, artificial insemination, and artificial incubation.
The Aspergillus fumigatus farnesyltransferase β-subunit, RamA, mediates growth, virulence, and antifungal susceptibility.

Post-translational prenylation mechanisms, including farnesylation and geranylgeranylation, mediate both subcellular localization and protein-protein interaction in eukaryotes. The prenyltransferas...
Extracting knowledge from molecular mechanics simulations of grain boundaries using machine learning

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate that the “process-structure-property” (PSP) paradigm of materials science can be extended to atomistic grain boundary (GB) simulations through the development of a novel framework that addresses the objective identification of the atoms in the grain boundary regions using the centro-symmetry parameter and local regression, and the quantification of the resulting structure by a pair correlation function (PCF) derived from kernel density estimation (KDE). For asymmetric tilt GBs (ATGBs) in aluminum, models were successfully established connecting the GB macro degrees of freedom (treated as process parameters) and energy (treated as property) to a low-rank GB atomic structure approximation derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of the full ensemble of PCFs aggregated for this study. More specifically, it has been shown that the models produced in this study resulted in average prediction errors less than 13 mJ/m2, which is less than the error associated with the underlying simulations when compared with experiments. This demonstration raises the potential for the development and application of PSP linkages from atomistic simulation datasets, and offers a powerful route for extracting high value actionable and transferrable knowledge from such computations.
An Examination of Non-Muslim College Students’ Attitudes Toward Muslims

ABSTRACTThe current study enhances the understanding of campus climate for religious and worldview diversity by examining how non-Muslim college students perceive Muslims and Islam and what predispositions, environmental factors, and experiences predict their attitudes toward Muslims. Results indicate that informal engagement with diverse peers, interfaith engagement, and space for spiritual expression on campus are positively related to appreciative attitudes toward Muslims. With respect to specific worldviews, Unitarian Universalist and agnostic students tended to have more positive attitudes toward Muslims (relative to peers of other religions), and Eastern Orthodox and evangelical Christian students tended to have less appreciative attitudes.
Discrete Serotonin Systems Mediate Memory Enhancement and Escape Latencies after Unpredicted Aversive Experience in Drosophila Place Memory.

Feedback mechanisms in operant learning are critical for animals to increase reward or reduce punishment. However, not all conditions have a behavior that can readily resolve an event. Animals must then try out different behaviors to better their situation through outcome learning. This form of learning allows for novel solutions and with positive experience can lead to the unexpected behavioral routines. Learned helplessness, as a type of outcome learning, manifests in part as increases in escape latency in the face of repeated unpredicted shocks. Little is known about the mechanisms of outcome learning. When the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are exposed to unpredicted high temperatures in a place learning paradigm, flies both increase escape latencies and have a higher memory when given control of a place / temperature contingency. Here we describe discrete neuronal circuits that mediate aversive reinforcement, escape latencies, and memory levels after place learning in the presence and absence of unexpected aversive events. The results show that two features of learned helplessness depend on the same modulatory system as aversive reinforcement. Moreover, aversive reinforcement and escape latency changes depend on local neural circuit modulation, while memory enhancement requires larger modulation of multiple behavioral control circuits.
Calculating and calibrating a persistence measure for use in monitoring power system vulnerability

Wide-area monitoring using phasor measurement units (PMUs) offers the possibility of detecting conditions during which the power system may be vulnerable to destabilizing events. Such events are often characterized by undamped oscillations and are preceded by conditions of very low damping. Current techniques for estimating damping from low SNR ambient data are less accurate than desired, although fairly accurate for estimating frequencies of oscillation. We introduce a robust persistence measure that can be used in lieu of damping estimates to assess conditions for vulnerability to dynamic instability. The measure relies on the calculation of the energies of normalized sample autocorrelations of select signals. In this paper we focus on the technical details associated with spectral smoothing and temporal isolation in the calculation of the normalized autocorrelations, to permit effective calibration of the metric for both stable and unstable systems. An example is provided using measurements from the field.
From Burnout to Wellness: A Professional Imperative

Professional burnout is a barrier to physician wellness. Burnout is prevalent across medicine, and otolaryngology as a specialty ranks near the mean. We review burnout levels in various subgroups of otolaryngology, including academic chairs, faculty, and residents. Risk factors of burnout are discussed, which differ by subgroup. Finally, we propose measures that could help minimize burnout and promote healthy and satisfying careers.
Manipulating Data with PivotTables

In this chapter, you’ll look at how you can manipulate the data in your worksheets to draw conclusions from it by creating PivotTables. PivotTables are great for asking questions of your data and looking at the data in different ways without having to enter it multiple times in separate worksheets.
VLSI applications: speech processing

The constraints on speech synthesis and recognition include techniques needed to satisfy various system requirements; the nature of the human vocal apparatus; the need to utilise linguistic structures in speech recognition systems with input , and the need for a viable technology for the implementation of the various synthesis systems and recognition tasks. The most elaborate speech synthesis systems are those which seek to convert unrestricted text into intelligible and natural-sounding speech. The problems associated with speech recognition system research are examined.
Surgical Pathology of Sarcomas

Sarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors that may arise in virtually any anatomic location, including bone, soft tissues, and viscera. Sarcomas are relatively rare, representing < 1% of all human malignancies. Huge advances have been made into understanding the molecular pathogenesis of many subtypes of sarcoma over the last few decades, particularly in identifying recurrent translocations or activating mutations in certain tumors. This has resulted in improved classification, prognostication, and therapeutics for sarcomas of various different types. Because therapy is based on histological classification, precise diagnosis is crucial in determining appropriate treatment, as well as in predicting biological behavior of a given tumor type. In addition to providing a histological diagnosis, the role of the surgical pathologist in the evaluation of sarcoma includes determination of tumor grade (where applicable), evaluation of margin status, and evaluation of other histological predictors of outcome such as response to neoadjuvant treatment. These issues are discussed in this article, in addition to more detailed descriptions of a select group of sarcoma types. Readers are referred to the reading list at the end of the section for a complete discussion of the many different sarcoma types.
Science and Opportunity

![Figure][1] KENNETH R. MANNING is Thomas Meloy Professor of Rhetoric and of the History of Science at MIT. His biography, Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest Everett Just (Oxford University Press, 1983), won the Pfizer Award of the History of Science Society. He is writing a social
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Two Actinorhizal Plants and the Legume Medicago truncatula Supports the Homology of Root Nodule Symbioses and Is Congruent With a Two-Step Process of Evolution in the Nitrogen-Fixing Clade of Angiosperms

Root nodule symbiosis (RNS) is a symbiotic interaction established between angiosperm hosts and nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria in specialized organs called root nodules. The host plants provide photosynthate and the microsymbionts supply fixed nitrogen. The origin of RNS represents a major evolutionary event in the angiosperms, and understanding the genetic underpinnings of this event is of major economic and agricultural importance. Plants that engage in RNS are restricted to a single angiosperm clade known as the nitrogen-fixing clade (NFC), yet occur in multiple lineages scattered within the NFC. It has been postulated that RNS evolved in two steps: a gain-of-predisposition event occurring at the base of the NFC, followed by a gain-of-function event in each host plant lineage. Here, we first explore the premise that RNS has evolved from a single common background, and then we explore whether a two-step process better explains the evolutionary origin of RNS than either a single-step process, or multiple origins. We assembled the transcriptomes of root and nodule of two actinorhizal plants, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus and Datisca glomerata. Together with the corresponding published transcriptomes of the model legume Medicago truncatula, the gene expression patterns in roots and nodules were compared across the three lineages. We found that orthologs of many genes essential for RNS in the model legumes are expressed in all three lineages, and that the overall nodule gene expression patterns were more similar to each other than expected by random chance, a finding that supports a common evolutionary background for RNS shared by the three lineages. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses suggested that a substantial portion of the genes experiencing selection pressure changes at the base of the NFC also experienced additional changes at the base of each host plant lineage. Our results (1) support the occurrence of an event that led to RNS at the base of the NFC, and (2) suggest a subsequent change in each lineage, most consistent with a two-step origin of RNS. Among several conserved functions identified, strigolactone-related genes were down-regulated in nodules of all three species, suggesting a shared function similar to that shown for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses.
PORIFERAN ABUNDANCE IS NEGATIVELY ASSOCIATED WITH CORAL HEALTH IN THE MESOAMERICAN REEF

Abstract The Mesoamerican Reef is the second largest coral reef in the world and has experienced a 50% loss of coral coverage in recent decades. Due to the high biodiversity of marine life that dep...
Editorial: Artificial intelligence, customized communications, privacy, and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

We have reached the point where advertisers face a dilemma in the online environment as consumers increasingly expect messages to be relevant and even targeted to but simultaneously have concerns a...
Abstract 30: Targeted Temperature Management at 33 versus 36 Degrees: Outcomes After Real-World Implementation

Objective: To determine the association between targeted temperature management (TTM) goal temperature of 33 versus 36°C and neurologic outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods:...
Two cases of sickle cell disease presumably due to the combination of the genes for thalassemia and sickle cell hemoglobin.

IN RECENT YEARS our knowledge of the etiology of sickle cell disease has increased considerably. As a rule, both parents of a child with this disease show the sickle cell trait. This has led to the hypothesis that usually sickle cell disease is due to homozygosity for a gene which, when heterozygous, results only in the sickle cell trait. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Occasionally, however, families are encountered in which the blood of only one of the parents of a child with clinical sickle cell disease can be induced to sickle. The study of such families has thus far resulted in the recognition of 3 other genetic types of sickle cell disease. In each of these 3 other types, the nonsickling parent is heterozygous for a gene responsible for another hematologic abnormality. The children who develop sickle cell disease in these families receive the gene responsible for the sickling phenomenon from one parent and 1 of the 3 other genes mentioned above from the other parent. The 3 other genes in question are: 1) the gene responsible for thalassemia, 5 , 6 2) the gene responsible for hemoglobin-c (hemoglobin-III), 7 , 8 and 3) the gene responsible for hemoglobin-d. 9
Variability in Psychiatric Facility Seclusion and Restraint Rates as Reported on Hospital Compare Site.

Objective:This study examined variability among U.S. hospitals in rates of seclusion and physical restraint, including the effects of hospital type and ownership, as reported on Hospital Compare. B...
Date the Artist: A Virtual Date with a Virtual Character

Date the Artist is a video based interactive website that presents people with the opportunity to date a virtual character (VC). Each webpage represents a stage of the relationship. In each page, the user has 2 to 3 choices leading to different videos. By the end, all the videos lead to the same final video representing the end of the relationship. The goal of this paper is to explain the design process, the main metaphor behind the project, as well as highlighting the overall user experience.
A review of phosphate adsorption on Mg-containing materials: kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanistic insights

Significant efforts have been made to remove excess nutrient phosphorus in the form of aqueous phosphate ions from various wastewater streams to mitigate adverse environmental consequences to the watershed, such as eutrophication. Adsorption has long been a low-cost and highly effective method of phosphate removal which chiefly relied on immobilizing this valuable nutrient in low solubility solids. Magnesium-based adsorbents are emerging as an economically feasible solution to the phosphate removal problem that have the added benefit of facilitating nutrient recycling via the production of slow-release fertilizer. The current scientific literature on Mg-based adsorbents for phosphate has focused on a diverse range of techniques for the resulting material characterization, adsorption equilibrium and the observed kinetics making direct comparison between the diverse Mg-based adsorbents difficult. This tutorial review aims (a) to provide an overview of the state of the art in Mg-based phosphate adsorbents and (b) to propose a generalized data interpretation roadmap necessary to bridge the gap between the observed fundamental kinetics and mechanistic insights reported in the literature.
Implementing and assessing an alchemical method for calculating protein-protein binding free energy

Protein-protein binding is fundamental to most biological processes. It is important to be able to use computation to accurately estimate the change in protein-protein binding free energy due to mutations in order to answer biological questions that would be experimentally challenging, laborious or time consuming. Although non-rigorous free energy methods are faster, rigorous alchemical molecular dynamics-based methods are considerably more accurate and are becoming more feasible with the advancement of computer hardware and molecular simulation software. Even with sufficient computational resources, there are still major challenges to using alchemical free energy methods for protein-protein complexes, such as generating hybrid structures and topologies, maintaining a neutral net charge of the system when there is a charge-changing mutation, and setting up the simulation. In the current study, we have used the pmx package to generate hybrid structures and topologies, and a double-system/single-box approach to maintain the net charge of the system. To test the approach, we predicted relative binding affinities for two protein-protein complexes using a non-equilibrium alchemical method based on the Crooks fluctuation theorem and compared the results with experimental values. The method correctly identified stabilizing from destabilizing mutations for a small protein-protein complex, but was not as successful to the larger, more challenging antibody complex. In addition, the correlation between predicted and experimental relative binding affinities was high for smaller complex, and low for the other larger complex.
Nonlinear Dynamical Stability of Newtonian Rotating and Non-rotating White Dwarfs and Rotating Supermassive Stars

We prove general nonlinear stability and existence theorems for rotating star solutions which are axi-symmetric steady- state solutions of the compressible isentropic Euler-Poisson equations in 3 spatial dimensions. We apply our results to rotating white dwarf and high density supermassive (extreme relativistic) stars, stars which are in convective equilibrium and have uniform chemical composition. Also, we prove nonlinear dynamical stability of non-rotating white dwarfs with general perturbation without any symmetry restrictions. This paper is a continuation of our earlier work ([26]).
Trends of Acute Ischemic Stroke Reperfusion Therapies from 2012 to 2016 in the United States.

Background American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines recommend endovascular stroke therapy (EST) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for eligible patients in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Using the National Inpatient Sample database, we evaluated trends in treatment with rt-PA and EST for AIS and their outcomes. Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study of patients with AIS admitted in US hospitals from 2012 to 2016. Patients were grouped into those who received rt-PA alone, EST alone, and rtPA+EST. Survey statistical procedures were performed. Multivariable regression analysis with pairwise comparisons of each treatment group with no treatment group was performed for discharge outcomes. Results The study included 2,290,520 patients with AIS with the mean age of 70.46 years. Treatment rates increased from 2012 to 2016 for rt-PA by 7% per year (5.86%–7.67%, odds ratio [OR] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.08) and EST by 38% per year (0.55%–1.75%, OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.31–1.45) but not rt-PA+EST (0.54%–0.57%, OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99–1.08). The mean length of stay reduced from 2012 to 2016 for rt-PA (6.07–4.91 days, P Conclusion The utilization of rt-PA alone and EST alone increased but that of rt-PA+EST remained unchanged from 2012 to 2016 in the National Inpatient Sample.
RP58 represses transcriptional programs linked to non-neuronal cell identity and glioblastoma subtypes in developing neurons

How mammalian neuronal identity is progressively acquired and reinforced during development is not understood. We have previously shown that loss of RP58 (ZNF238 or ZBTB18), a BTB/POZ-zinc finger-containing transcription factor, in the mouse brain leads to microcephaly, corpus callosum agenesis, and cerebellum hypoplasia and that it is required for normal neuronal differentiation. The transcriptional programs regulated by RP58 during this process are not known. Here, we report for the first time that in embryonic mouse neocortical neurons a complex set of genes normally expressed in other cell types, such as those from mesoderm derivatives, must be actively repressed in vivo and that RP58 is a critical regulator of these repressed transcriptional programs. Importantly, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) analyses of these transcriptional programs indicate that repressed genes include distinct sets of genes significantly associated with glioma progression and/or pluripotency. We also demonstrate that reintroducing RP58 in glioma stem cells leads not only to aspects of neuronal differentiation but also to loss of stem cell characteristics, including loss of stem cell markers and decrease in stem cell self-renewal capacities. Thus, RP58 acts as an in vivo master guardian of the neuronal identity transcriptome, and its function may be required to prevent brain disease development, including glioma progression.
Teaching Team Collaboration in Cybersecurity: A Case Study from the Transactive Memory Systems Perspective

Recent trends in the cybersecurity workforce have recognized that effective solutions for complex problems require collective efforts from individuals with diverse sets of knowledge, skills, and abilities. Therefore, the growing need to train students in team collaboration skills propelled educators in computer science and engineering to adopt team-based pedagogical strategies. Team-based pedagogy has shown success in enhancing students’ knowledge in course subjects and their motivation in learning. However, it is limited in offering concrete frameworks specifically focusing on how to teach team collaboration skills. As part of an interdisciplinary effort, we draw on Transactive Memory Systems Theory–a communication theory that explains how individuals in groups learn who knows what and organize who does what–in developing a Team Knowledge Sharing Assignment as a tool for student teams to structure their team collaboration processes. This paper reports a result of a case study in designing and facilitating the assignment for cybersecurity students enrolled in a scholarship program. Students’ evaluations and the instructor’s assessment reveal that the assignment made a positive impact on students’ team collaboration skills by helping them successfully identify their team members’ expertise and capitalize on their team’s knowledge resources when delegating functional roles. Based on this case study, we offer practical suggestions on how the assignment could be used for various classes or cybersecurity projects and how instructors could maximize its benefits.
Random Matrix Theory and Its Applications

This article reviews the important ideas behind random matrix theory (RMT), which has become a major tool in a variety of disciplines, including mathematical physics, number theory, combinatorics and multivariate statistical analysis. Much of the theory involves ensembles of random matrices that are governed by some probability distribution. Examples include Gaussian ensembles and Wishart–Laguerre ensembles. Interest has centered on studying the spectrum of random matrices, especially the extreme eigenvalues, suitably normalized, for a single Wishart matrix and for two Wishart matrices, for finite and infinite sample sizes in the real and complex cases. The Tracy–Widom Laws for the probability distribution of a normalized largest eigenvalue of a random matrix have become very prominent in RMT. Limiting probability distributions of eigenvalues of a certain random matrix lead to Wigner’s Semicircle Law and Marc˘enko–Pastur’s Quarter-Circle Law. Several applications of these results in RMT are described in this article.
State-dependent modulation of activity in distinct layer 6 corticothalamic neurons in barrel cortex of awake mice

Layer 6 corticothalamic (L6 CT) neurons are in a strategic position to control sensory input to the neocortex, yet we understand very little about their functions. Apart from studying their anatomical, physiological and synaptic properties, most recent efforts have focused on the activity-dependent influences CT cells can exert on thalamic and cortical neurons through causal optogenetic manipulations. However, few studies have attempted to study them during behavior. In an attempt to address this gap, we performed juxtacellular recordings from optogenetically identified CT neurons in whisker-related primary somatosensory cortex (wS1) of awake, head-fixed mice (of either sex) free to rest quietly or self-initiate bouts of whisking and locomotion. We found a rich diversity of response profiles exhibited by CT cells. Broadly, their spiking patterns were either modulated by whisker-related behavior (~28%) or not (~72%). Whisker-related neurons exhibited both increases as well as decreases in firing rates. We also encountered cells with preceding modulations in firing rate before whisking onset. Overall, whisking better explained these changes in rates than overall changes in arousal. The CT cells that showed no whisker-related activity had low spontaneous firing rates (
Asset Acquisition Criteria: A Process Tracing Investigation into Real Estate Investment Decision Making

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to observe the decision‐making behavior of real estate investors, both novice and experts. In doing so, the study looks at the information content of the decision‐making process of these players involved in real estate investments.Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a controlled experiment to directly observe the decision‐making process of the two group of investors (novices and experts) used in this study.Findings – The findings give us an insight on the type of data utilized by the two groups. Expert's frequency of cue utilization was greater in all cues except two. In four cues in particular, underwriter's analysis of stabilized cash flow, loan summary, Phase I and environmental reports and current rent roll the expert's frequency was twice that of novices. This suggests that experience may sensitize experts to the importance of some attributes of real estate overlooked by novices. This study also finds evidence of order of presentation of cues influencin...
Searching for high-value rare events with uncheatable grid computing

High-value rare-event searching is arguably the most natural application of grid computing, where computational tasks are distributed to a large collection of clients (which comprise the computation grid) in such a way that clients are rewarded for performing tasks assigned to them. Although natural, rare-event searching presents significant challenges for a computation supervisor, who partitions and distributes the search space out to clients while contending with “lazy” clients, who don't do all their tasks, and “hoarding” clients, who don't report rare events back to the supervisor. We provide schemes, based on a technique we call chaff injection, for efficiently performing uncheatable grid computing in the context of searching for high-value rare events in the presence of coalitions of lazy and hoarding clients.
Efficient Organization of Semantic Databases

This paper argues that semantic data models can have potentially more efficient implementations than the conventional data models. As a step towards realization of this potential, the paper proposes an efficient storage structure for semantic databases.
The Expert Witness: Ethics and Responsibilities

While this paper is being written by a scientist in a specific disciplinary area, the comments to be made undoubtedly transcend that discipline and extend into other fields. As a matter of fact, nearly all of the points reviewed also have been articulated at one time or another by individuals from other areas of expertise. Hence, this effort is based as much on a kind of collective discomfort among expert witnesses as it is on the personal opinions of the author. In any case, the focus is on the problems of the expert witness in general rather than simply upon those difficulties uniquely experienced by a particular specialist. Five problems are addressed. They involve (1) the somewhat checkered legacy imposed upon the modern expert by his or her early counterparts, (2) the lack of specific forensic training for experts within their content disciplines, (3) the widely varying qualifications and professional training of current experts, (4) the pressures experienced by the expert, and (5) the conflicts of interest imposed upon them by the judicial system. Each of these problems presently affect expert witnesses; attempts to resolve or mitigate them would appear appropriate.
Henkel: Building a Winning Culture

This case illustrates a CEO-led organizational transformation driven by stretch goals, performance measurement, and accountability. When Kasper Rorsted became CEO of Henkel, a Germany-based producer of personal care, laundry, and adhesives products, in 2008, he was determined to transform a corporate culture of "good enough" into one singularly focused on winning in a competitive marketplace. Historically, Henkel was a comfortable, stable place to work. Many employees never received negative performance feedback. Seeking to overturn a pervasive attitude of complacency, Rorsted implemented a multi-step change initiative aimed at building a "winning culture." First, in November 2008, he announced a set of ambitious financial targets for 2012. As financial turmoil roiled the global economy, he reaffirmed his commitment to these targets, sending a clear signal to Henkel employees and external stakeholders that excuses were no longer acceptable. Rorsted next introduced a new set of five company values-replacing the previous list of 10 values, which few employees could recite by memory-the first of which emphasized a focus on customers. He also instituted a new, simplified performance management system, which rated managers' performance and advancement potential on a four-point scale. The system also included a forced ranking requirement, mandating that a defined percentage of employees (in each business unit and company-wide) be ranked as top, strong, moderate, or low performers. These ratings significantly impacted managers' bonus compensation. In late 2011-the time in which the case takes place-Henkel is well on its way to achieving its 2012 targets. Having shed nearly half its top management team, along with numerous product sites and brands, Henkel appears to be a leaner, more competitive, "winning" organization.
The Viscosity of Liquids

IN NATURE for April 12, 1930, Prof. E. N. da C. Andrade states his theory of the viscosity of liquids as based upon “a temporary union of molecules in contiguous layers”. This theory has been proposed in order to account for the temperature variation of the coefficient of viscosity in liquids, which is opposite in sign to that of gases. The nature of viscosity must be importantly different in a liquid and a gas.
An Interview with Bill Besse

Bill Besse is the Executive Director, Consulting & Investigations for Andrews International. Prior to joining the Andrews team Bill was the Director, Corporate Security of Belo Corp., where he was ...
Translation and validation of the insomnia severity index in hindi language.

Aims and Objectives: Translation of the Insomnia Severity Index from English to Hindi and Validation of the Hindi version. Materials and Methods: The translation process of the Insomnia Severity Index was initiated after obtaining due permission from the author of the original version of the same. Translation was carried out by using standard translation procedures, such as combined translation, decentering, and pretest method. The final version of the Insomnia Severity Index in Hindi was finally validated. A randomly selected sample size of 65 subjects was enrolled for the purpose of validation and testing the reliability of Hindi version of the Insomnia Severity Index. Insomnia was present in 45 subjects and they constituted the insomnia group. The rest 20 subjects did not have insomnia and were included in the control group. The Hindi version of the Insomnia Severity Index was applied to both the groups. Results: The total sample constituted of 50.8% males and 49.2% females. The mean age in the control group was 30.8±8.3 years and that in the insomnia group was 40.3±4 years (t=3.04; P =0.001). The translated version of the Insomnia Severity Index showed a reliability of 0.91 (Cronbach's α=0.91). This was not just simple translation, but many of the words were changed to adapt it for the local population. Conclusion: The Hindi version of the Insomnia Severity Index is a valid and reliable tool that can be administered for the assessment of severity of insomnia.
Comparative Study on the Earthquake-Proofing Performance of Chinese and Japanese Building Structures

In recent years, there were frequent earthquakes happening in China. These earthquakes have give rise to a high degree of casualties. However, compared with Japan in which the number of the earthquakes is the highest in the world, China's earthquake-proofing legal standards, requirements on the earthquake-proofing designs and the rate of the earthquake-proofing technologies as well as understanding of the structure of the building are not under the immature state at the present time.
Examination of Anomalous Shock Velocities in Weakly Ionized Gases

measurementsofSingh9 for thecaseof an accelerating ow,whereas in Fig. 4 the measurements of Tabatabai and Pollard for the decelerating  ow are presented. It is clear that, in both cases, the present solution provides a reasonable approximation. It is also fair to say that the same degree of approximation to the accelerating  ow can also be achieved via the  nite differences, primitive variable, solution of Singh.9 The latter method, however, involves the axisymmetric case of the Navier–Stokes equations and includes the effects of turbulence via the k– e model.
Patterns of Utilization of Adjuvant Radiotherapy and Outcomes in Black Women After Breast Conservation at a Large Multidisciplinary Cancer Center

Purpose Population-based studies have reported that as many of 35% of black women do not undergo radiotherapy (RT) after breast conservation surgery (BCS). The objective of the present study was to determine whether this trend persisted at a large multidisciplinary cancer center, and to identify the factors that predict for noncompliance with RT and determine the outcomes for this subset of patients. Methods and Materials Between January 2002 and December 2007, 83 black women underwent BCS at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and were therefore eligible for the present study. Of the 83 women, 38 (46%) had Stage I, 38 (46%) Stage II, and 7 (8%) Stage III disease. Of the study cohort, 31 (37%) had triple hormone receptor-negative tumors. RT was recommended for 81 (98%) of the 83 patients (median dose, 60 Gy). Results Of the 81 women, 12 (15%) did not receive the recommended adjuvant breast RT. Nonreceipt of chemotherapy ( p = .003) and older age ( p = .009) were associated with nonreceipt of RT. With a median follow-up of 70 months, the 3-year local control, locoregional control, recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival rate was 99% (actuarial 5-year rate, 97%), 96% (actuarial 5-year rate, 93%), 95% (actuarial 5-year rate, 92%), 92% (actuarial 5-year rate, 89%), and 95% (actuarial 5-year rate, 91%), respectively. Conclusion We found a greater rate of utilization adjuvant breast RT (85%) among black women after BCS than has been reported in recent studies, indicating that excellent outcomes are attainable for black women after BCS when care is administered in a multidisciplinary cancer center.
SOLITON OPERATORS OF FRACTIONAL SPIN IN 2+1 DIMENSIONS

Soliton operators of fractional spin and statistics are constructed using canonical quantization of the O(3) nonlinear sigma model with a topological Hopf action in 2+1 dimensions. The role of the Hopf term as the nontrivial holonomy of a flat connection in the configuration space is emphasized.
The Will to Believe in Science and Religion

“The Will to Believe” defines the religious question as forced, living and momentous, but even in this article James asserts that more objective factors are involved. The competing religious hypotheses must both be equally coherent and correspond to experimental data to an equal degree. Otherwise the option is not a live one. “If I say to you ‘Be a theosophist or be a Mohammedan’, it is probably a dead option, because for you neither hypothesis is likely to be alive.”1 Analogously, in A Pluralistic Universe James is at pains to convince the reader that his own religious hypothesis is just as “objective,” makes just as much sense, etc. as alternative possibilities: the “only thing I emphatically insist upon is that it [pluralistic pantheism] is a fully coordinate hypothesis with monism. This world may, in the last resort, be a block universe; but on the other hand, it may be a universe only strung along, not rounded in and closed. Reality may exist distributively just as it sensibly seems to, after all. On that possibility I do insist.”2
Application of the statistical test of equivalent pathways (STEP) method to the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer

Recently, we demonstrated a new method, STEP (Statistical Test of Equivalent Pathways) analysis, which differentiates first-generation product ions (primary product ions) from second-generation product ions (secondary product ions) obtained in tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) experiments on a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The study presented here defines how to adapt the STEP method to a more routinely used mass analyzer, the triple quadrupole. New ion activation conditions were developed to adapt the STEP method to the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using peptides and carbohydrates. The application of this method to the triple quadrupole is useful because it provides an efficient approach to differentiate primary and secondary ions on this instrument. Out of the total number of ions that were subjected to the STEP analysis, this method correctly identified 96% of ions as primary or secondary, indicating that this analysis is effective for carbohydrates and peptides undergoing collision-induced dissociation (CID) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.
Estimation of Hot Electron Relaxation Time in GaN Using Hot Electron Transistors

In this paper, we report for the first time an estimation of hot electron relaxation time in GaN using electrical measurements. Hot electron transistors (HETs) with GaN as the base layer and different base-emitter barrier-height configurations and base thicknesses were fabricated. Common-base measurements were performed to extract the differential transfer ratio, and an exponential decay of the transfer ratio with increasing base thickness was observed. A hot electron mean free path was extracted from the corresponding exponential fitting and a relaxation time was computed, which, for low energy injection, matched well with theoretically predicted relaxation times based on longitudinal optical (LO) phonon scattering.
Mass spectral comparison of the neuropeptide complement of the stomatogastric ganglion and brain in the adult and embryonic lobster, Homarus americanus.

Neuropeptides in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) and the brain of adult and late embryonic Homarus americanus were compared using a multi-faceted mass spectral strategy. Overall, 29 neuropeptides from 10 families were identified in the brain and/or the STG of the lobster. Many of these neuropeptides are reported for the first time in the embryonic lobster. Neuropeptide extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry enabled confident identification of 24 previously characterized peptides in the adult brain and 13 peptides in the embryonic brain. Two novel peptides (QDLDHVFLRFa and GPPSLRLRFa) were de novo sequenced. In addition, a comparison of adult to embryonic brains revealed the presence of an incompletely processed form of Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide 1a (CabTRP 1a, APSGFLGMRG) only in the embryonic brain. A comparison of adult to embryonic STGs revealed that QDLDHVFLRFa was present in the embryonic STG but absent in the adult STG, and CabTRP 1a exhibited the opposite trend. Relative quantification of neuropeptides in the STG revealed that three orcokinin family peptides (NFDEIDRSGFGF, NFDEIDRSGFGFV, and NFDEIDRSGFGFN), a B-type allatostatin (STNWSSLRSAWa), and an orcomyotropin-related peptide (FDAFTTGFGHS) exhibited higher signal intensities in the adult relative to the embryonic STG. RFamide (Arg-Phe-amide) family peptide (DTSTPALRLRFa), [Val1]SIFamide (VYRKPPFNGSIFa), and orcokinin-related peptide (VYGPRDIANLY) were more intense in the embryonic STG spectra than in the adult STG spectra. Collectively, this study expands our current knowledge of the H. americanus neuropeptidome and highlights some intriguing expression differences that occur during development.
An improved reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography method for separation of fatty acid methyl esters

Resolution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by thin-layer chromatography often is complicated by co-migration of certain acyl-isomers in heterogeneous mixtures. However, a novel reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography method which employs 10% (wt/vol) silver nitrate in a mobile phase containing acetonitrile/1,4-dioxane/acetic acid (80:20:1, vol/vol/vol) allows one-dimensional resolution of a wide range of acyl-methyl esters. This innovation enables improved separation of saturated FAME ranging from C12 to C22, and geometric isomers of C14 to C22 unsaturated FAME by thin-layer chromatography.
Spontaneous regeneration of a resected mandible in a preadolescent: A clinical report

second surgery, with common donor sites that include the iliac crest, iliac marrow, and rib. In situations where soft tissue is also removed, the primary reco~t~ction may necessitate the use of a microvascular composite-free tissue flap. In the case of preadolescent mandibular discontinuity, these osseous graftingtechniques have been shown to be unnecessary in some cases. Several studies illustrate an alternative method to treat rn~~b~~ dis~ontin~ty in preadolescents that can decrease treatment morbidity by potentially eliminating a surgical procedure and an additional surgical site. In 1983, Boynel reported a series of six cases of preadolescent mandibular resections. In all of the cases, treatment was with osseous resection and immediate placement of a titanium mesh implant; no osseous graft was used. In all of the cases, regeneration of bone was radiographically evident 2 to 3 months after resection, and osseous formation appeared to be complete in 9 months. Kamegai et al2 reported the use of the previous
Jastrow Theory versus Correlated Basis Functions: Excitation Spectrum of the Charged Bose Gas

By computing the excitation spectrum of the charged Bose gas, we demonstrate explicitly the distinction between Jastrow's theory and Feenberg's method of correlated basis functions. Using a Jastrow correlating factor in the correlated basis functions, we obtain the spectrum exactly to two orders in ${{r}_{s}}^{\frac{3}{4}}$. A rearranged expression results when the true ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{0}$ is employed as a correlating factor. We take advantage of the difference between these two procedures to obtain $S(k)$ exactly to two orders.
Cortical activity related to accuracy of letter recognition.

Previous imaging and neurophysiological studies have suggested that the posterior inferior temporal region participates in tasks requiring the recognition of objects, including faces, words, and letters; however, the relationship between accuracy of recognition and activity in that region has not been systematically investigated. In this study, positron emission tomography was used to estimate glucose metabolism in 60 normal adults performing a computer-generated letter-recognition task. Both a region of interest and a voxel-based method of analysis, with subject state and trait variables statistically controlled, found task accuracy to be: (1) negatively related to metabolism in the left ventrolateral inferior temporal occipital cortex (Brodmann's area 37, or ventrolateral BA 37) and (2) positively related to metabolism in a region of the right ventrolateral frontal cortex (Brodmann's areas 47 and 11, or right BA 47/11). Left ventrolateral BA 37 was significantly related both to hits and to false alarms, whereas the right BA 47/11 finding was related only to false alarms. The results were taken as supporting an automaticity mechanism for left ventrolateral BA 37, whereby task accuracy was associated with automatic letter recognition and in turn to reduced metabolism in this extrastriate area. The right BA 47/11 finding was interpreted as reflecting a separate component of task accuracy, associated with selectivity of attention broadly and with inhibition of erroneous responding in particular. The findings are interpreted as supporting the need for control of variance due to subject and task variables, not only in correlational but also in subtraction designs.