cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of gallium-68 tris(2-mercaptobenzyl)amine: a complex with brain and myocardial uptake.

Previous research into development of a gallium-radiolabeled agent that crosses the blood- brain barrier has met with limited success. In this study, we focused our attention on a Ga(III) complex of a 4-coordinate amine trithiolate tripod ligand, tris(2-mercaptobenzyl) amine (S3N). The Ga(III) S3N complex is small, neutral, and lipophilic, meeting the requirements for a potential brain imaging agent. The Ga-68 complex was easily formed with a radiochemical purity of >95%. In vitro stability of the Ga-S3N complex, determined in rat serum incubated at 37°C, was greater than 95% intact a t2hb ysilica gel and reversed-phase radio-thin layer chromatography. Biodistribution studies conducted in female Sprague- Dawley rats showed the complex cleared rapidly from the blood with initial high liver uptake followed by rapid washout. Significant uptake was observed in the brain, with brain:blood ratios increasing from 0.11 at 2 min postinjection to 3.8 at 60 min postinjection. Uptake was also observed in the heart going from a heart:blood ratio of 2.3 at 2 min postinjection to 11 at 60 min postinjection. Molecular mechanics were used to determine the coordination number, and demonstrated that the Ga(III) complex prefers to be 4-coordinate. Imaging studies with 68 Ga-S3N in a Nemestrina macaque showed significant brain uptake, similar to other lipophilic agents. The extraction of 68 Ga-S3N into the brains of both rodents and primates, higher than any 68 Ga agent reported in the literature, suggests that this compound may have potential as a brain imaging agent for positron emission tomography. NUCL MED BIOL 26;3:305-316, 1999. © 1999 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Behavioral analysis of opiate-mediated inhibition in the early chick embryo.

Abstract Morphine (opiate agonist) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the spontaneous motility of 5- and 9-day chick embryos. Naloxone (opiate antagonist) appeared to reverse competitively the inhibition of motility caused by morphine. The effects of morphine on spontaneous motility in 5-day embryos were also reversed stereospecifically by the opiate antagonist pairs WIN 44441-3/WIN 44441-2 and levallorphan/dextrallorphan. Levorphanol (opiate agonist) also produced a dose-dependent decrease in the motility of 5-day embryos while its inactive (+)-isomer, dextrophan, was not effective. Etorphine (opiate agonist) was more than 1000-fold more effective than morphine in inhibiting the motility of 5-day embryos. The effectiveness of several opiate agonists and antagonists on the spontaneous motility of 5-day embryos was similar to their effectiveness in radioligand-binding studies on isolated membrane receptors from either adult mammalian brain or ileum. Levorphanol was more effective than dextrophan and etorphine was substantially more effective than morphine in decreasing the spontaneous motility of 4-day embryos. WIN 44441-3 was more effective than WIN 44441-2 in reversing the inhibition of motility in 4-day embryos caused by morphine. Morphine inhibited spontaneous hind-limb motility in both thoracic spinal and sham-operated 7-day embryos; the inhibition of motility caused by morphine was reversed by WIN 44441-3 in both thoracic spinal and sham-operated 7-day embryos. [Leu 5 ]enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord was concentrated in the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn and along the midline rostral to the central canal. A lesser concentration of immunoreactive processes occurred in the medial and lateral motor columns where labelled varicosities appeared to contact motoneurons. Opiate receptors appear to be present at least as early as day 5 (and perhaps as early as day 4) in the chick embryo. Opiate receptors appear to be present in the lumbar spinal cord of the chick embryo at least as early as day 7. The structural requirements for ligand binding to opiate receptors in the 5-day chick embryo are similar to the requirements for ligand binding to opiate receptors in the adult.
EFFECT OF INCREASING THE NUMBER OF DAILY INJECTIONS OF GONADOTROPIC PREPARATIONS ON THE OVARIES OF IMMATURE RATS11

ANUMBER OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES which have no gonad stimulating activity when administered alone have been found to increase the effectiveness of certain pituitary gonadotropic extracts when they are mixed in vitro with the extracts and injected into immature female rats. These augmenters include extracts of normal and castrate human urine, normal and pregnant blood sera (1-5), extracts of milk, beef liver and thyroid (5), extracts of yeast (6), casein and egg albumin (7), leucocytes (8), zinc and copper salts (6,9-11), formed elements of blood (12), heme and hemoglobin (13), and chlorophyll (14). The effectiveness of pituitary gonadotropic extracts may be increased also by making more frequent injections as has been shown by Bischoff (15) and Maxwell (9) who reported that pituitary gonadotropic extracts are more effective when they are administered 5 or 6times a day as compared with once daily. This method of administration, however, did not produce as great an increase as was obtained with some augmente...
A comparison of desiccation and freezing as stress vectors

Abstract The temperature which leaf tissues from hardened barley can survive is lowest when freezing occurs as a low intensity process and the stress develops gradually. Desiccation energy arising from the ratio of vapor pressure of ice to liquid did not account for freezing injury, as evaluated by leakage of electrolytes from the tissues. About twice as much energy, with respect to desiccation through the vapor phase, was required to cause 50% of maximum leakage by desiccation just above the freeze injury temperature as was required to cause 50% of maximum leakage by direct freezing injury. Also, the maximum leakage induced by severe desiccation at subfreezing temperatures was only about two-thirds of that induced by severe freezing stress. In barley leaves, frozen with low intensity to give the minimum killing temperature, freezing injury seems to involve either interactions with ice in the tissue or the internal kinetic energy of cell components as a second vector adding to the desiccation stress.
Mental health organizations and the ostrich policy

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and psychogenic symptoms in general are common. However they may be termed or classified, they constitute an important part of psychiatry and psychology. The largest professional mental health organizations (American Psychiatric Association and American Psychological Association [APAs]) both have abundant patient education material, but curiously have no information on this entire category of disorders. It is surprising that, with so many members for so many years, this ‘omission’ seems to have gone unnoticed.
Distribution and polarity of actin in inner ear supporting cells

Actin is present in the supporting cells of the chinchilla cochlea. Actin filaments which decorate with myosin subfragment S1 are found in both inner and outer pillar cells and in the Deiters' cells which surround outer hair cells. The opposing polarities of the S1 decorated actin filaments suggest that the supporting cells may play an active role in the structural support of the organ of Corti.
Personality Implications of Romantic Attachment Patterns in Young Adults: A Multi-Method, Multi-Informant Study

A prototype-matching approach was employed to assess romantic attachment in young adults. The 48-item Hazan and Shaver’s Experiences in Close Relationships inventory was configured, via prototype definitions, to capture core themes of four romantic attachment patterns: secure, preoccupied, dismissing, and fearful. The personality attributes associated with each attachment pattern were evaluated by referencing both observer evaluations and self-report correlates. The observer evaluations of the individuals matching the secure, preoccupied, and fearful prototypes were mostly congruent with their self-perceptions, whereas somewhat greater discrepancy emerged for individuals matching the dismissing prototype. The discussion focused on differences in the personality functioning associated with different romantic attachment patterns, the prototype-matching method, the importance of including both observer- and self-report data in the validation of self-report measures, and the relative advantages of self-report...
Structure studies of chromium electrodeposits

Abstract The structures of chromium electrodeposited on copper and electroless-nickel substrates in a conventional solution and one containing the additive sulfoacetic acid were characterized by scanning tunneling and transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Small, pyramid-shaped crystallites constituted the initial deposit on one grain of the copper substrate. The fine-grained, randomly oriented, electroless-nickel substrate was copied by the crystallites. As the deposits thickened, a 〈111〉 fiber texture developed except in the presence of sulfoacetic acid, when it was 〈100〉. The additive also resulted in crevice formation.
An analysis of some body forces and surface forces that are together conservative

Abstract The bilinear tensor operation A × B corresponding to the quadratic operation A × A ≡ A *, and the tensor operation A # B ≡ A e i × B e i are introduced. Body forces b ( X , Y , F ) which do path-independent work during all fixed-surface deformations are shown to have the form b = F * p + F # q + r and to be associated with tractions f = ( πF * + 2 Q × F + R ) N and volume potential densities Φ = π det F + Q · F * + R · F + φ . The coefficients of b and Φ satisfy the equations p = div Y Q T − ∂π / ∂ X q = curl Y R T + curl X Q r = ∂φ / ∂ Y − div X R . Moreover, f = ( ∂ Φ / ∂F ) N and b = ∂ Φ / ∂ Y − Div X ( ∂ Φ / ∂F ). The paper concludes with several generic examples.
Distribution of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and Their Relationship with Mu-Opioid Receptors in the Rat Periaqueductal Gray

The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is part of a descending pain modulatory system that, when activated, produces widespread and profound antinociception. Microinjection of either opioids or cannabinoids into the PAG elicits antinociception. Moreover, microinjection of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor agonist HU-210 into the PAG enhances the antinociceptive effect of subsequent morphine injections, indicating a direct relationship between these two systems. The objective of this study was to characterize the distribution of CB1 receptors in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral PAG in relationship to mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptors. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed extensive and diffuse CB1 receptor labeling in the PAG, 60% of which was found in somatodendritic profiles. CB1 and MOP receptor immunolabeling were co-localized in 32% of fluorescent Nissl-stained cells that were analyzed. Eight percent (8%) of PAG neurons that were MOP receptor-immunoreactive (-ir) received CB1 receptor-ir appositions. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of CB1 receptor-ir somata, dendrites and axon terminals in the PAG. These results indicate that behavioral interactions between cannabinoids and opioids may be the result of cellular adaptations within PAG neurons co-expressing CB1 and MOP receptors.
HISTAMINE RECEPTORS IN THE NEWBORN'S PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Histamine causes pulmonary vasoconstriction, mediated by histamine H1-receptors, in adult animals, including sheep. In contrast, histamine is a pulmonary vasodilator in fetal sheep. However, there is little information on the transition from the fetal to adult response and the involvement of histamine H1, and H2-receptors. We have investigated pulmonary vascular histamine receptor antagonists, diphenhydramine and metiamide, respectively. Lambs were anesthetized with chloralose and instrumented for measurement of pulmonary blood flow and aortic, pulmonary arterial, and left atrial blood pressures. In 10 normoxemic animals, histamine (1μg/kg) transiently decreased mean pulmonary vascular resistance by 49 ± 28%. H2-receptor blockade with diphenhydramine did not alter this response. H2- receptor blockade with metiamide had a variable and incomplete attenuation of this response. In a 9 day old lamb, histamine (1μg/kg) increased pulmonary vascular resistance by 100% (adult type response) and after H1-blockade, decreased the resistance by 72% (newborn type response). We conclude that in the pulmonary circulation of newborn lambs, 1) histamine H3-receptor activity is absent, and 2) the action of histamine is probably due to stimulation of H2-or previously undescribed H3-receptors. The rapid transition to the adult response appears to be due to development of H1-receptor activity.
Resolution of components in sedimentation equilibrium concentration distributions

Abstract A procedure is discussed whereby the concentration distribution at sedimentation equilibrium may be resolved into the contributing redistributed components in the system. The procedure is shown to deal best with heterogeneous systems, but can also lend itself to the analysis of a system where the molecular weights of interacting proteins are quite similar by making composition constraints. In those cases where interaction occurs between components of the system, a calculation of the equilibrium constant which described the association can be made. Moreover, the fitting error is related to the fitting parameters in such a manner as to yield the estimated error of the equilibrium constant.
Will commercial managed care patients accept residents as their primary care providers

We conducted a telephone survey of patients in a university-based medical practice to determine if there was a difference across payer class in patients’ willingness to have supervised housestaff physicians function as their primary care providers. Overall, commercial managed care patients were more likely to object to seeing housestaff physicians than were Medicaid or Medicare patients (50% vs 32% or 23%, respectively). However, prior outpatient care by a resident physician significantly increased patient willingness to be cared for by a resident. This effect of prior care by a resident was noted in the managed care as well as the Medicaid and Medicare populations. Although there may have been self-selection, our data demonstrate that a significant proportion of managed care patients who have had residents as their primary care providers are amenable to continuing this practice.
Surgery alone is adequate treatment for early stage soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity.

Background: Evolving evidence suggests that, in selected patients with tumour category 1 (T1) extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS), surgery alone offers satisfactory results without decreasing survival. This study assessed the effect of sarcoma treatments on survival outcomes of T1 ESTS in a population-based data set. Methods: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1618 patients with primary ESTS underwent limb-sparing surgery. Multivariable analysis was used to assess the impact of radiotherapy on overall survival (OS) and sarcoma-specific survival (SSS), adjusting for co-variables. Results: Some 803 patients (49·6 per cent) underwent surgery alone for T1 ESTS. Radiotherapy in patients with low- and high-grade tumours did not result in any significant difference in OS or SSS. When stratified by grade, multivariable analysis showed that adjuvant radiotherapy was not an independent predictor of SSS (hazard ratio (HR) 1·05; P = 0·906) or OS (HR 0·89; P = 0·695) in low-grade tumours. Neither was radiotherapy a significant predictor of SSS (HR 0·87; P = 0·608) or OS (HR 0·67; P = 0·071) in high-grade tumours. Conclusion: This population-based appraisal validated previous evidence supporting a role for surgery alone in the treatment of T1 ESTS. Future policies should be tailored to offer patients minimal yet effective therapy, rather than maximum tolerated therapy. Copyright © 2010 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Approximation Scheme for Stochastic Integer Programs Arising in Capacity Expansion

Planning for capacity expansion forms a crucial part of the strategic-level decision making in many applications. Consequently, quantitative models for economic capacity expansion planning have been the subject of intense research. However, much of the work in this area has been restricted to linear cost models and/or limited degree of uncertainty to make the problems analytically tractable. This paper addresses a stochastic capacity expansion problem where the economies-of-scale in expansion costs are handled via fixed-charge cost functions, and forecast uncertainties in the problem parameters are explicitly considered by specifying a set of scenarios. The resulting formulation is a multistage stochastic integer program. We develop a fast, linear-programming-based, approximation scheme that exploits the decomposable structure and is guaranteed to produce feasible solutions for this problem. Through a probabilistic analysis, we prove that the optimality gap of the heuristic solution almost surely vanishes asymptotically as the problem size increases.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT DECISIONS UNDER ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION: A MODIFIED RATIONAL EXPECTATION MODEL

In this paper, we propose that information technology (IT) managers make investment decisions about new IT initiatives based on a modified rational expectation model. Unlike traditional rational expectation models, we emphasize the relevance of market uncertainty and its impact on the return of new IT investment. This results in information acquisition decisions by managers that can cause information asymmetry. This information asymmetry is endogenous and so the IT manager can become well informed if and only if it is beneficial to do so. We also capture different levels of IT investment across managers by introducing heterogeneity across managers in terms of different levels of initial capital. Based on a simulation analysis to validate our theoretical model, we find that it is the IT manager with larger initial capital outlay who is particularly interested in acquiring information about their IT investments in order to reduce any asymmetry with competitors. Furthermore, we find that holding other things constant, fewer IT investors are informed when information cost increases and in consequence the difference of investment level between the informed and uninformed investors is more pronounced.
Robust Adaptive Control of a Structurally Damaged Aircraft

Application of adaptive control for aerospace applications has been a topic of great research interest over the past several decades. The driving force behind it is the enhanced safety that it can provide during adverse flight conditions and aircraft structural damage. Neural network based direct model reference adaptive controllers (MRAC) are particularly proven to be effective in handling such scenarios. But one of the limitations with this methodology is their inability to handle unmodelled dynamics, which severely restricts the adaptation rate of these controllers. This paper uses the recently developed modified state observer (MSO) adaptive control methodology which overcomes the above problem by using an observer controller structure that separates the design of estimation error dynamics from the nominal system dynamics. This allows for designing faster estimation error dynamics which permits the use of large adaptation rate. In this paper the MSO methodology is applied for the adaptive control of a structurally damaged aircraft, which has pitch ,yaw and roll axes dynamically coupled .So the adaptive control problem is to reduce the interactions between these axes and stabilize the aircraft. Simulation results demonstrate the potential of the proposed methodology in solving the above problem.
Positronium molecule formation, Bose–Einstein condensation and stimulated annihilation

Abstract Low energy positron production and storage may be used to make and observe some interesting many-positron, many-electron systems both in vacuum and in the presence of ordinary matter. One of the most interesting possibilities is to make an annihilation photon laser. One might start on the path to this laser by creating a high density positron burst and forming a dense gas of positronium atoms within a cavity in a solid. This will pave the way for subsequently demonstrating the near room temperature Bose–Einstein condensation of a dense gas of positronium and establishing conditions under which stimulated emission of annihilation photons can be observed.
Effects of Relocation on Movements and Home Ranges of Eastern Box Turtles

Abstract To examine effects of relocation on eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina), we compared home ranges and movement patterns of 10 resident and 10 relocated box turtles in Davidson, North Carolina, USA. Home ranges of relocated turtles were approximately 3 times larger than those of resident turtles when measured by minimum convex polygons, 6 times larger than resident turtles when measured with 95% kernels and 7.5 times larger than resident turtles when measured by 50% kernels. Relocated turtles also moved a greater average distance per day than resident turtles. Additionally, 5 relocated turtles experienced mortality or disappearance compared to no mortality or disappearance of resident turtles. Our results raise questions about the success of relocation as a management strategy for eastern box turtles.
Experiments on Flow About a Yawed Circular Cylinder

Abstract : Experiments were performed to evaluate the influence of yaw angle on circular cylinder pressure drag and wake characteristics in the range of free-stream Reynolds numbers 5000 to 20,000. It was found that the transition in the wake from laminar to turbulent motion was significantly promoted as the angle of yaw increased. As a result, wake properties such as base pressure and shear wave or transition frequency do not obey the independence principle which requires that properties be dependent only on the normal component of the freestream conditions. (Author)
The nanostructures of amorphous silicas.

Topologically modeled amorphized silica structures have been refined using a molecular dynamics simulation technique. Several metastable structures with substantially different medium-range connectivities, as characterized by primitive ring statistics, were obtained. Whereas the total correlation function is insensitive to these differences, the first sharp diffraction peak derived from energy-filtered electron diffraction shows a promising correlation to medium-range structure.
Production of Infinitives By 5-Year-Old Children with Language-Impairment on an Elicitation Task

The infinitive productions of eight 5-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI) on an elicited production task were compared with the infinitive productions of 25 3- to 5-year-old children with normally-developing language (NL). The basic infinitive structure itself did not seem to be a problem for these children since all eight of the children with SLI produced infinitival complements with at least five different main verbs. However, other aspects of infinitive sentences which must be learned as a lexical property of specific verbs appeared to present more difficulty for some of the children with SLI. Individual children with SLI showed limited or no subcategorization for ditransitivity (production of both an NP and an infinitival complement) or for infinitives with a lexical complement subject. In contrast to previous reports, only one of the children with SLI omitted the infinitive marker to more than once. Reference errors were consistent with what has previously been reported for NL c...
NMR Spectroscopy of Brain Metabolism In Vivo

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods applicable to the study of functioning brain in situ are new in neuroscience, and many neuroscientists may not be familiar with them. Although we provide more explanatory material than reviews in this series usually contain, many readers may wish to consult other works (Gadian 1982, Moore 1984) that provide access to a wider range of basic NMR literature as well as introductions to NMR theory for scientists in other disciplines. For an excellent discussion of in vivo NMR studies of muscle, which are not covered here, the reader is referred to a recent review (Radda et al 1984). NMR spectroscopy is possible because some atomic nuclei act like tiny bar magnets when placed in a magnetic field. They line up with or against the field and can be excited in a controlled way by irradiation with radio frequency energy. During relaxation from the excitation, they emit radio frequency signals that contain a great deal of information about the molecules they are in. The whole process is practical with samples ranging from crystalline solids to living people, though only compounds in or near
Development of a modular detector system for C-SPECT

We are developing the detector system of C-SPECTI, the first generation system of a dedicated Cardiac SPECT platform. For cost-effectiveness, we use medium size single-anode PMTs with NaI(Tl) detector modules to form the body-contouring shape of the C-SPECT detector arc. We have designed and evaluated a test detector module that includes two pixelated NaI(Tl) detector blocks in a common hermetic housing to model a section of the detector arc. Each block is 93×51×10 mm3. Each pixel is 2.75×2.75×10 mm3 with 3mm pitch. We applied black or white epoxy at the edges of the module to investigate the pixel separation and reduction of the edge effect. Seven 2” PMTs in hexagonal pattern in three columns (2–3–2) were used for decoding the pixels. Two PMT configurations were evaluated. Configuration 1: seven standard quantum efficiency (SQE) PMTs. Configuration 2: a mixed array of standard quantum efficiency and high quantum efficiency, HQE, (2 HQE -3 SQE -2 HQE ). The HQE/SQE mixed array results in a 14% improvement on the global P/V comparing to that of the SQE array. Using HQE/SQE mixed array improves the average energy resolution from 11.3% to 10.5%. Then we used the mixed array for evaluating different epoxy treatment. Pixels are clearly resolved in the decoding maps except at the very transverse edges of the two blocks. The block with black epoxy treatment performs better in terms of pixel separation at the transverse and axial edges of the block. An average energy resolution of 10.5% and 10.1% was obtained in the blocks with black and white epoxy treatment, respectively.
Transcriptional activation by the Antennapedia and fushi tarazu proteins in cultured Drosophila cells

Drosophila homeodomain proteins bind to specific DNA sequences in vitro and are hypothesized to regulate the transcription of other genes during development. Using a cotransfection assay, we have shown that homeodomain proteins encoded by the homeotic gene Antennapedia (Antp) and the segmentation gene fushi tarazu, as well as a hybrid homeodomain protein, are activators of transcription from specific promoters in cultured Drosophila cells. Sequences downstream of the Antp P1 and Ultrabithorax transcription start sites mediate the observed activation. A TAA-rich DNA sequence to which the Antp protein binds in vitro is sufficient to confer regulation on a heterologous promoter. The results demonstrate that homeodomain proteins are transcriptional regulators in vivo and that in cultured cells, different homeodomain-containing proteins can act upon a common sequence to modulate gene transcription.
The Visibility of Stars during Twilight

One of the problems in arctic navigation by astro is the twilight period. At this time, if the Moon is below the horizon, suitable objects for sextant observation are not easy to find. The difficulty is aggravated by the fact that on certain flight paths the arctic twilight may last for many hours. It must also be remembered that in these areas the behaviour of the magnetic compass and of radio aids are often unreliable and this increases the relative importance of astro-navigation. With the introduction of the periscopic sextant into air navigation it has become possible to pre-set the instrument for a given star or planet and satisfactory observations may be possible when the heavenly body is still below the level of casual perception for the unaided eye. In this connection it is necessary to know what stars are likely to be seen under twilight conditions if efficient flight-planning is to be carried out.
UHV seal studies for the Advanced Photon Source storage ring vacuum system

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) storage ring vacuum chambers (SRVCs) are constructed of aluminum. The chamber design incorporates aluminum alloy 2219-T87 Conflat flanges welded to an aluminum alloy 6063-T5 extruded chamber body. Vacuum connections to the aluminum Conflat chamber flanges are provided by 304 stainless steel Conflat flanges. To evaluate the Conflat seal assemblies relative to vacuum bake cycles, a conflat bake test assembly (CBTA) was constructed, and thermal cycling tests were performed between room temperature and 150 degrees C on both stainless steel to aluminum Conflat assemblies and aluminum to aluminum conflat assemblies. A Helicoflex bake test assembly (HBTA) was similarly constructed to evaluate Helicoflex seals. Both Conflat and Helicoflex seals were studied in a SRVC sector string test arrangement of five SRVC sections. The CBTA, HBTA, and SRVC tests and their results are reported. >
Patient-level temporal aggregation for text-based asthma status ascertainment.

Objective To specify the problem of patient-level temporal aggregation from clinical text and introduce several probabilistic methods for addressing that problem. The patient-level perspective differs from the prevailing natural language processing (NLP) practice of evaluating at the term, event, sentence, document, or visit level. Methods We utilized an existing pediatric asthma cohort with manual annotations. After generating a basic feature set via standard clinical NLP methods, we introduce six methods of aggregating time-distributed features from the document level to the patient level. These aggregation methods are used to classify patients according to their asthma status in two hypothetical settings: retrospective epidemiology and clinical decision support. Results In both settings, solid patient classification performance was obtained with machine learning algorithms on a number of evidence aggregation methods, with Sum aggregation obtaining the highest F1 score of 85.71% on the retrospective epidemiological setting, and a probability density function-based method obtaining the highest F1 score of 74.63% on the clinical decision support setting. Multiple techniques also estimated the diagnosis date (index date) of asthma with promising accuracy. Discussion The clinical decision support setting is a more difficult problem. We rule out some aggregation methods rather than determining the best overall aggregation method, since our preliminary data set represented a practical setting in which manually annotated data were limited. Conclusion Results contrasted the strengths of several aggregation algorithms in different settings. Multiple approaches exhibited good patient classification performance, and also predicted the timing of estimates with reasonable accuracy.
Improper Advances: Rape and Heterosexual Conflict in Ontario, 1880-1929

Why do men rape women? This is a question for which there are many political, psychological, and sociological answers, but few historical ones. "Improper Advances" is a book exploring the history of sexual violence in a particular country. A study of women, men, and sexual crime in rural and Northern Ontario, it expands the terms of debates about sexuality and sexual violence. Karen Dubinsky relies on criminal case files, a revealing but largely untapped source for social historians, to retell individual stories of sexual danger - crimes such as rape, abortion, seduction, murder, and infanticide. Although her research supports many feminist analyses of sexual violence, Dubinsky differs from most feminist scholars by refusing to view women solely as victims and sex as a tool of oppression.
Federal Contracting and Acquisition: Progress, Challenges, and the Road Ahead

This brief paper discusses the Obama administration's public procurement agenda, major trends that influence the acquisition regime (that now encompasses $500B annually), and significant challenges the administration faces in improving the value it receives for the money it spends. It concludes with a group of research questions suggested by participants at the November IBM forum on Framing a Public Management Research Agenda.
CLINICO PATHOLOGY CONFERENCE: INFANT WITH HIGH ARCHED PALATE, BELL-SHAPED CHEST, JOINT CONTRACTURES, AND INTRAUTERINE FRACTURES

A case is presented of a female newborn infant delivered with an Apgar Score of 1, who could not be resuscitated. There was a high arched palate, bell-shaped chest, contractures of writes inflexion, ankles and knees in extension, and intrauterine fractures. Clinical discussion led to a diagnosis of arthrogryposis secondary to fetal akinesia syndrome caused by nemaline myopathy. Pathology and pathologic discussion confirmed this diagnosis.
Reconstitution of integral membrane proteins into isotropic bicelles with improved sample stability and expanded lipid composition profile

Reconstitution of integral membrane proteins into membrane mimetic environments suitable for biophysical and structural studies has long been a challenge. Isotropic bicelles promise the best of both worlds-keeping a membrane protein surrounded by a small patch of bilayer-forming lipids while remaining small enough to tumble isotropically and yield good solution NMR spectra. However, traditional methods for the reconstitution of membrane proteins into isotropic bicelles expose the proteins to potentially destabilizing environments. Reconstituting the protein into liposomes and then adding short-chain lipid to this mixture produces bicelle samples while minimizing protein exposure to unfavorable environments. The result is higher yield of protein reconstituted into bicelles and improved long-term stability, homogeneity, and sample-to-sample reproducibility. This suggests better preservation of protein structure during the reconstitution procedure and leads to decreased cost per sample, production of fewer samples, and reduction of the NMR time needed to collect a high quality spectrum. Furthermore, this approach enabled reconstitution of protein into isotropic bicelles with a wider range of lipid compositions. These results are demonstrated with the small multidrug resistance transporter EmrE, a protein known to be highly sensitive to its environment.
User production reconsidered: From convergence, to autonomia and cultural materialism

This article addresses the phenomenon of user production. Upon addressing critically the concept of convergence, it suggests autonomia as an alternative perspective that is exceptionally sensitive to the novelty of digital-media work. However, its value remains limited due not only to a residual technological determinism, but also due to lacking a means of concrete, historical analysis of practice. We propose melding the insights of autonomia with a sustained analysis of practice through the cultural materialism of Raymond Williams. The article concludes with an analysis of user involvement at the cable-television and internet commercial company Current TV, which demonstrates the value of this melded perspective for making sense of user production.
Application of simulation based analysis to receiver design for operation in impulsive atmospheric noise

The author illustrates a Monte-Carlo procedure that simulates impulsive noise bursts by using a set of characteristics that represents a realistic range of values. It is expected that many non-Gaussian varieties of noise may be dealt with numerically in a similar manner, following experimental determinations of the most appropriate parameter values for use in the noise model. A limited sample case is presented to illustrate the application of the numerical analysis method to an engineering situation. It is concluded that the present analytical tools may be helpful to receiver and system designers in achieving desired overall BER (bit error rate) performance where impulsive noise is significant. >
Innovation Competition and Average Stock Returns

We find that firms facing high innovation competition earn significantly higher stock returns, even after controlling for common return determinants such as firm size, book-to-market equity ratio, momentum, leverage, firm-level R&D and patent activities. The result holds with different measures of innovation competition. More importantly, the innovation competition premium is distinct from and even subsumes the effects of product market competition documented earlier in the literature. We posit that the premium arises to offset the additional risks from the uncertainty in cash flows and the deterioration in the firms’ assets in place resulting from the more intense technology competition. Our empirical results on the level of riskiness and additional time-series tests strongly support the hypothesis. Overall, the current evidence suggests that the level of innovation competition is an important risk factor.
Learning-based analytical cross-platform performance prediction

As modern processors are becoming increasingly complex, fast and accurate performance prediction is crucial during the early phases of hardware and software co-development. To accurately and efficiently predict the performance of a given software workload is, however, a challenging problem. Traditional cycle-accurate simulation is often too slow, while analytical models are not sufficiently accurate or still require target-specific execution statistics that may be slow or difficult to obtain. In this paper, we propose a novel learning-based approach for synthesizing analytical models that can accurately predict the performance of a workload on a target platform from various performance statistics obtained directly on a host platform using built-in hardware counters. Our learning approach relies on a one-time training phase using a cycle-accurate reference of the chosen target processor. We train our models on over 15,000 program instances from the ACM-ICPC programming contest database, and demonstrate the prediction accuracy on standard benchmark suites. Result show that our approach achieves on average more than 90% accuracy at 160× the speed compared to a cycle-accurate reference simulation.
Numbers About Rare Earth Elements in the (Scientific) Literature

There are numerous reports available about REE in general, mostly from consultants. Usually the contents of their reports resemble each other with the exception that some reports contain more details than others, some deal more in depth with producing companies, others stay on top level only. Consultants with emphasis on the financial businesses (e.g. Crystal International Consultants Ltd.,) have reports that start with a general overview of the REE followed by a presentation of present and promising companies listed on the stock markets.
The British Invasion and the Social Transformation of American Evangelicals

This research compares political behaviors of American and British evangelicals to explore the sources and implications of the disparity in their public action. As American and British evangelicals share religious beliefs and practices, they differ in styles of civic involvement. Among American evangelicals, civic action means political involvement, but British involvement is less political than social. British evangelicals work to change social norms rather than governmental policy, in contrast to the American tradition of making social issues political ones. There is, however, evidence of a transformation as issues such as the environment and human rights emerge on the agenda of American evangelicals. Not coincidentally, these issues have diffused to American evangelicals from their British counterparts. One consequence of these findings is that if British evangelicals are shaping what American evangelicals are talking about, then British evangelicals also are shaping how American evangelicals are talking. The political role of American evangelicals might be expected to diminish, thereby removing much popular criticism of them for it.
Low Energy Ion Assisted Vapor Deposition

The performance of multilayered thin film materials often depends sensitively upon the (physical) roughness and degree of (chemical) mixing at interfaces. Irradiation of a growth surface with an assisting ion beam is often used to modify surface roughness. Molecular dynamics has been used to explore the use of low energy (less than 20 eV) Xe+ and Ar+ assisted deposition of model Ni/Cu/Ni multilayers to control both physical roughness and chemical mixing. The study indicated that under normal ion incidence condition, ion energies as low as 3 eV could effectively flatten the relatively weakly bonded copper surface (and therefore the nickel on copper interface). Higher ion energies (at least 10 eV) were required to flatten the more strongly bonded nickel surface. Chemical intermixing by an exchange mechanism between a surface atom and an underlying atom in an already deposited layer depended upon the binding energy of the already deposited layer. As a result, significant chemical mixing occurred as 9 eV (and above) ions impacted with nickel atoms on an already deposited copper surface. At a given ion incident energy, (the heavier) Xe+ ions resulted in less roughness but more mixing. A modulated ion assistance strategy in which no assisting ion beam was used while depositing the first few monolayers of each new metal layer was found to successfully reduce both interfacial roughness and interlayer mixing.
Enzymatic Production of l-Tryptophan from dl-5-Indolylmethylhydantoin by Mutants of Flavobacterium sp. T-523

A bacterium isolated from soil, T-523, which hydrolyzes Dl-5-indolylmethylhydantoin to l- tryptophan, was classified as a bacterium belonging to the'genus, Flavobacterium. The prevention of tryptophan degradation by Flavobacterium sp. AJ-3912 (T-523) was investigated for improvement of the l-tryptophan production, because the l-tryptophan accumulated on enzymatic production from Dl-5-indolylmethylhydantoin was partially degraded. l-Tryptophan production by Flavo-bacterium sp. AJ-3912 increased with the addition of agents that inhibit tryptophan oxygenase, such as hydroxylamine and phenylhydrazine, to the reaction mixture. In the presence of an appropriate concentration of hydroxylamine, the amount of l-tryptophan produced from l-5- indolylmethylhydantoin reached 8.8 mg/ml, with a molar yield of 99% (in the absence of hydroxylamine, 7.1 mg/ml with a molar yield of 80%).The l-tryptophan productivity was also improved with the use of mutants with a genetically blocked tryptophan degradation pathway. In the p...
There and back again: insulin, ENaC, and the cortical collecting duct

“There is nothing like looking, if you want to find something. You certainly usually find something, if you look, but it is not always quite the something you were after.”– The Hobbit, or There and Back Again by J.R.R. Tolkien The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heteromeric channel expressed in the principal cell of the cortical collecting duct and provides the final pathway for Na+ reabsorption before tubular fluid becomes urine. Because ENaC is in a strategic position to dictate the Na+ composition of tubular fluid, it is subject to extensive regulation by numerous factors including mechanical forces, proteases, ions, and hormones (Bhalla and Hallows 2008). Cell culture models of the cortical collecting duct have provided a wealth of information about how steroid hormones, such as aldosterone, and growth factors, such as insulin and IGF‐1, control ENaC activity (Chen et al. 1998, 1999; Record et al. 1998; Naray‐Fejes‐Toth et al. 1999; Wang et al. 2001; Gonzalez‐Rodriguez et al. 2007; Pavlov et al. 2013). However, some cell culture models do not always recapitulate cortical collecting duct function perfectly. For example, X enopus laevis A6 cells and murine M1 cells exhibit morphological and electrical properties of the cortical collecting duct, yet both cell lines lack transcriptionally competent mineralocorticoid receptors (Chen et al. 1998). This is significant because mineralocorticoid receptors respond to aldosterone, a key hormone that regulates ENaC activity, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure. Supraphysiological doses of aldosterone (in the μmol/L range) are often …
Model-Based Approaches to Understanding Musculoskeletal Filtering of Neural Signals

The musculoskeletal system lies between the nervous system and its effects on the external world. Strong constraints imposed by joints, ligaments, and muscle attachments shape both the effect the nervous system can have on the external world and the proprioceptive information conveyed to the nervous system. The integrative nature of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system makes it difficult to examine the effects of this structure experimentally, and a well-developed mathematical framework allows analysis of otherwise inseparable aspects of the chain of control. Structure in the limbs seems to separate aspects of limb performance, such as weight support and propulsion, to different degrees of freedom, which may simplify neural control processes. The bi-directional nature of the musculoskeletal filter amplifies signals that the nervous system can most strongly influence and suppresses feedback of task parameters that are poorly controllable.
Some solutions of simplified open channel flow equations

Open channel flows of shallow depth in hydraulics are characteristically turbulent due to disturbances generated by bed friction and other causes. The governing equations of such flows based on Reynolds Averaged Navier – Stokes (RANS) equations have been developed in recent years in collaborative papers by Bose and Dey, and have found useful applications. In as much as the equations are of nonlinear evolution type, several types of solutions can exist. The present paper develops five types of solutions, based on the similarity method, localized solution method, and the method of separation of variables. The last two methods deliver two solutions in each case. The self-similar solution and the two localized solutions, reduce to solution of ODE’s that are numerically presented. The two separation of variables solutions are obtained in explicit form.
Babesia divergens: the immunisation of splenectomised calves using irradiated piroplasms

Groups of three splenectomised calves were inoculated with 1 . 2 x 10(10) Babesia divergens-infected erythrocytes irradiated at 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 kilorads. Control calves were inoculated with 1 . 2 x 10(7) or 1 . 2 x 10(4) non-irradiated parasites. While control animals all experienced severe reactions, animals receiving blood irradiated at 24, 28 and 32 kilorads had mild reactions and were solidly immune to an homologous challenge of 1 . 1 x 10(4) Babesia-infected erythrocytes. Animals receiving parasites irradiated at 36 and 40 kilorads had limited ability to resist the challenge.
Revealing a hidden curriculum of Black women’s erasure in sexual violence prevention policy

ABSTRACTThis article aims to challenge the framework by which rape and sexual assault prevention in higher education are being constituted by centring Black women’s experiences of sexual violence within a prevention and response policy framework. Numerous research studies exist in the literature regarding the specific experience of sexual violence for Black women within a national context that remains deeply committed to White supremacy [Buchanan, N. T., and A. J. Ormerod. 2002. “Racialized Sexual Harassment in the Lives of African American Women.” Women & Therapy 25 (3/4): 107–124; Crenshaw, K. 1989. “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics.” University of Chicago Legal Forum 140: 139–167; Donovan, R., and M. Williams. 2002. “Living at the Intersection: The Effects of Racism and Sexism on Black Rape Survivors.” Women & Therapy 25 (3/4): 95–105; McNair, L. D., and H. A. Neville. 1996. “African Ameri...