cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nivolumab-associated vitiligo-like depigmentation in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: A novel finding

Programmed cell death–1 receptor (PD-1) inhibitors enhance the antitumoral immune response via immune checkpoint inhibition. In a healthy immune system, the binding of ligands to PD-1 induces T-cell inactivation and prevents overactive immune responses. However, PD-1 ligands are also expressed by a variety of tumors, including melanomas, renal cell carcinomas, and brain tumors, in an effort to evade the host immune response. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized care for cancer patients, new cutaneous and systemic toxicities are still being discovered. Nivolumab is a humanized IgG4 anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody that is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, renal cancer, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma.1 Several adverse effects of immune-targeting therapies are described and are referred to as immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Systemic irAEs include enterocolitis, pneumonitis, hepatitis, nephritis, hypophysitis, and autoimmune thyroid disease. In addition, dermatologic toxicity is the most common irAE of checkpoint inhibitors and ranges from pruritus and mild dermatoses to severe reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.2 Vitiligo-like depigmentation is well described in melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy with PD-1 inhibitors and may be associated with favorable outcomes.3 Here we report a case of vitiligo-like depigmentation in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) receiving nivolumab as part of a phase II clinical trial. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of vitiligo-like depigmentation associated with PD-1 inhibitor treatment in a patient with a nonmelanoma malignancy. Previous reports of PD-1 inhibitor–associated vitiligo-like depigmentation have been exclusively described in patients being treated for melanoma.
How four U.S. states are regulating recreational marijuana edibles.

Abstract Background Sales of edible marijuana products have been strong in Colorado and Washington State since the legalization of recreational marijuana. Initially, these states did not have comprehensive labelling or packaging requirements in place. In response to increases in marijuana-related emergency room visits and poison control centre calls, additional regulations were implemented. Currently, Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington each have passed into law various labelling and packaging requirements for edibles. Methods This article presents the primary legal research findings of relevant statutes and regulations for edibles in Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington. These laws were identified by using Boolean terms and connectors searches in these states' legal databases in LexisNexis. Results Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington vary greatly in how they regulate labelling and packaging. Colorado, Oregon and Washington require a Universal Symbol to be affixed to edibles, but only Oregon and Washington require that the use of pesticides be disclosed on the label. Only Colorado and Oregon require that the packaging for edibles bear a Nutrition Facts Panel on the label. Δ 9 -Tetrahydracannabinol (THC) in a single serving or single edible product as Alaska and Oregon. All four states prohibit the manufacture or packaging of edibles that appeal to youth. Conclusion State laws governing recreational marijuana edibles have evolved since the first recreational edible products were available for sale. Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington now require edible product labels to disclose a variety of product information, including risk factors associated with consumption. However, there still remain concerns about the regulatory gaps that exist in each of these states, inherent difficulties in enforcing laws around the labelling, packaging, and manufacturing of edibles, and the outstanding question of whether these edible laws are actually informing consumers and keeping the public safe.
A Micro Level Study of TRIPTI Programme:A Case Study in Cuttack District of Odisha

Odisha is the state where villages are located in rural areas with little connectivity and extremes of seasonality and dominated by 37 per cent of small and marginal farmers with high level of unemployment. And as development approach Microfinance has evolved to benefit the socially and economically underprivileged facing difficulty in accessing institutional finance. It is particularly attractive as a tool to help the poor, since it is widely seen as improving livelihoods, reducing vulnerability, and fostering social as well as economic empowerment. TRIPTI stands for "Targeted Rural Initiatives for Poverty Termination and Infrastructure", an IDA (World Bank) assisted livelihood project being implemented by Orissa Poverty Reduction Mission (OPRM) under Panchayati Raj Department in the state of Odisha. TRIPTI focuses mostly on institutional building (Promotion and strengthening of SHGs and their federation) and the livelihood options of the community with the participation of all types of stake holders. For the further refinement of the programme, an understanding about the extent of people participation has studied by using binary logit model to primary data. An attempt to evaluate the performance of TRIPTI in terms of access to finance revealed that TRIPTI membership was having significant influence upon access of credit. As TRIPTI programme was found having significant influence upon credit access, it is to appreciate the factors influencing participation in TRIPTI which hence forth revealed the significant role of education and good extension contact through binary logit model.
Inferring neuronal network functional connectivity with directed information.

This study brings together the techniques of voltage-sensitive dye recording and information theory to infer the functional connectome of the feeding central pattern generating network of Aplysia. ...
Public participation for 21st century democracy

Public participation in the 21 st century is often complex, frustrating, and confusing. A guide to help navigate through the labyrinth of bureaucracy and conventional participation is necessary as we strive to find ways in which our civic engagement will create a more democratic, just, and participatory country. With Public Participation for 21 st Century Democracy, Tina Nabatchi and Matt Leighninger provide a history of public participation, contemplate the current state of our democracy, and offer both theory and praxis regarding how we might effectively engage in public participation to create the changes we desire. This book presents more than hypothetical constructs, and instead produces concrete examples to illustrate how various methods of public participation have succeeded. The authors emphasize the importance of partnerships, especially those between members of the public and the institutions that represent them. Public Participation for 21 st Century Democracy offers both the hope and means for people to solve public problems, effect social change, and ensure democracy’s survival.
Applying Ecological Frameworks in Obesity Intervention Studies in Hispanic/Latino Youth:: A Systematic Review.

Introduction:In the United States, Hispanic children have higher rates of obesity compared with non-Hispanic White children. An ecological framework provides a holistic view of the environment to w...
Assessing Functions of Soil Microbes with Isotopic Measurements

The difficulty of experimental manipulations, observations, and measurements in the cryptic world of the soil has long hindered studies ofmicrobial functioning in this environment. One promising tool to explore soil microbial functioning, stable isotopemeasurements, is increasingly used to study linksbetweenmicrobesandbiogeochemicalprocesses. Suchmeasurements rely on calculating ratios of heavy to light isotopes of many key biological elements (e. g., 13C:12C, 15N:14N, 18O:16O, 2H:1H, and 34S:32S). Studies can be generally classified into two main types, those using natural abundance levels of isotopes in microbes or microbially produced compounds, and those in which compounds or substances artificially enriched in one or more of the heavy isotopes are applied (tracer studies), and the subsequent fate of the isotopic label followed into different ecosystem components, including microbes. Natural abundance and tracer studies can be used at different levels of resolution, ranging from the whole organism down to specific compound classes (e. g., lipids), specific compounds, or even DNA or RNA unique to a single species. Analyses using gas chromatography on mixtures of volatile compounds linked to isotope ratio mass spectrometry have been particularly widely applied (reviewed in Boschker and Middleburg 2002). Theuse of isotopic techniques has increaseddramatically in the past 15 years, andhasbeen supportedbyavarietyof technological advances, including faster analyses with the widespread adoption of continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry, improvements in our ability to measure hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios, and steady increases in the quality and variety of compound-specificmeasurements possible. In the following sections, I focus on the use of natural abundance measurements of carbon and nitrogen isotopes to address various research topics in soil microbial ecology, with some discussion of tracer experiments. Useful reviews on natural abundance measurements include Hogberg (1997), Dawson et al. (2002), Hayes (2002) and Werner and Schmidt (2002).
Quantification, Instantiation, and Event Individuation

This section describes the theoretical basis of quantification in SMS. SL has a set of terms that serve as quantifiers, but they do so in ways that differ somewhat from the ways quantifiers are used in FOL. In SL quantification is allowed over labels, variables, sentential sequences (see section 10.3), links (see section 10.2.2) and concrete markers (see section 10.4), whereas FOL does not allow quantification over some of these objects. Two general types of quantification are recognized in the system: universal quantification and particular quantification. The term ‘particular’ rather than ‘existential’ is used to describe the second type in order to emphasize the point that it is not absolutely necessary to assign existential import to a quantifier of this type (cf. Orenstein, 1978). In section 7.1, it is mentioned that one may wish to avoid the notion of existence when assertions or questions about existence will not arise or are otherwise unimportant in a particular application or implementation of SMS theory. In such a case, the particular quantifier may be taken to be devoid of existential import, and inferencing over objects can be based on mere occurrence or presence of objects in particular realms or spaces. Alternatively, the meaning of the particular quantifier can be defined in a more conventional mode to enable it to be used to ground inferences about the ‘existence’ of objects. The discussions in this chapter presuppose the adoption of this last mentioned alternative so that the uses of particular quantifiers can be more readily compared with the uses of their counterparts in other languages and systems. Unless otherwise indicated, it is to be assumed that labels have at least one concrete instance in the system.
Nanotechnology Pathways to Next-Generation Photovoltaics

In this book chapter, an overview is given of the latest advances and central challenges in photovoltaics research, and the role of nanotechnology in improving performance. Over the long term, nanotechnology is expected to enable improvements throughout the energy sector, but the most striking near- to midterm opportunities may be in lower-cost, higher-efficiency conversion of sunlight to electric power. Nanostructures in solar cells have multiple approaches by which they can improve photovoltaic performance: (1) new physical approaches in order to reach thermodynamic limits, (2) allow solar cells to more closely approximate their material-dependent thermodynamic limits, and (3) provide new routes for low-cost fabrication by self-assembly or design of new materials. We focus primarily on the first two approaches which have the goal of increasing efficiency. The limits of solar cell efficiencies are discussed, and several different approaches are described that circumvent long-held physical assumptions and lead beyond first- and second-generation solar cell technologies. The role of nanotechnology in specific cell technologies is reviewed, including its role in improving light-trapping and the light collection properties of solar cells, as well as dye-sensitized solar cells and perovskite solar cells, and recent advances in nanowire solar cells. Special emphasis is given on novel nanostructure-based devices based on advanced concepts such as hot-carrier cells, and multiexciton generation, which have the theoretical basis to realize high-efficiency energy conversion.
Improving STD service delivery: Would American patients and providers use self-tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia?

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea (GC) are the most frequently reported notifiable diseases in the United States and costs for diagnosis and treatment of these two infections are approximately $700 million per year. A proposed new method for screening for these two infections is self-tests; similar to at-home pregnancy and HIV tests which do not include sending collected specimens to a laboratory for diagnosis. However, no such self-tests for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To determine the acceptability of such a test, we used three surveys, conducted in 2017, including the American Men's Internet Survey, the SummerStyles survey, and the DocStyles survey to ask potential users about their interest in this type of test and how they might use it. Among our sampled population of men who have sex with men, 79.5% said they would prefer to take this type of test at home and 73.9% said they would be willing to pay at least $20 for the test. Among young adults (18–29 years), 54.1% indicated that they would like to take this test at home and 64.5% were willing to pay more than $10 for such a test. Among sampled physicians, 85.1% were “likely” or “very likely” to use an FDA-approved STD self-test in their office to screen for CT or GC. Self-tests for STDs are on our horizon and we need to be prepared to integrate these tests into our healthcare systems.
Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemical Activation of a Model [Cp*Rh] Hydride

Monomeric half-sandwich rhodium hydride complexes are often proposed as intermediates in catalytic cycles, but relatively few such compounds have been isolated and studied, limiting understanding of their properties. Here, we report preparation and isolation of a monomeric rhodium(III) hydride complex bearing the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) and bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppb) ligands. The hydride complex is formed rapidly upon addition of weak acid to a reduced precursor complex, Cp*Rh(dppb). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for the [Cp*Rh] hydride, which were previously unavailable for this class of compounds, provide evidence of the direct Rh–H interaction. Complementary infrared spectra show the Rh–H stretching frequency at 1986 cm–1. In contrast to results with other [Cp*Rh] complexes bearing diimine ligands, treatment of the isolated hydride with strong acid does not result in H2 evolution. Electrochemical studies reveal that the hydride complex can be reduced only at very negative po...
The facile reaction of water with a bimetallic nickel tetrachloride tetraphosphine: A tale of two chelates

Abstract NMR studies demonstrate that rac- and meso-Ni2Cl4(P4), P4 = (Et2PCH2CH2)(Ph)PCH2P(Ph)(CH2CH2PEt2), bimetallic complexes readily react with water in different organic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, DMSO) to dissociate a chloride and most likely form a hydroxide-bridged bimetallic complex, [Ni2(μ-OH)Cl2(P4)]+. The meso bimetallic complex is very susceptible to dissociation of one of the external chelated phosphines, which leads to loss of one of the nickel atoms. The tetraphosphine ligand recoordinates to the remaining nickel center to form [NiCl(κ3-meso-P4)]+, which can, in turn, react with chloride to produce NiCl2(κ2-meso-P4). The meso diastereomers of these monometallic complexes then react with one another to form a double P4-coordinated bimetallic complex, [Ni2(μ-Cl)(meso-P4)2]3+, which has been crystallographically characterized. Despite the presence of four bis-phosphino(ethane) chelates around two nickel centers, [Ni2(μ-Cl)(meso-P4)2]3+ readily fragments and can be converted back to the precursor mono- and bimetallic complexes by heating in the presence of chloride and NiCl2·6H2O. The racemic dinickel diastereomer, Ni2Cl4(rac-P4), also reacts with water to produce [Ni2(μ-OH)Cl2(rac-P4)]+, but does not fragment further at room temperature unless oxygen is present. The rac- or meso-Ni2Cl4(P4-Ph) complexes based on the much stronger chelating tetraphosphine ligand with 1,2-phenylene chelate rings also react readily with water to form a hydroxide-bridged bimetallic complex, but further reaction and fragmentation chemistry is inhibited by the much stronger chelate effect present. [Ni2(μ-OH)Cl2(meso-P4-Ph)]+ has been crystallographically and spectroscopically characterized along with some intermediate monometallic rac- and meso-P4-Ph nickel complexes from cyanolysis attempts.
Essential Excavation Experts: Alienation and Agency in the History of Archaeological Labor

Nineteenth-century archaeologists working in the Middle East managed local labor in ways that reflect capitalist labor management models. These archaeologists’ memoirs reveal both the similarities in how they managed their projects and the differences in how locally hired laborers responded. Focusing on such differences illustrates the agency that local workforces have historically exerted over the archaeological process, even under alienating working conditions. I argue that while there is some emerging recognition of contributions that local communities have made to archaeology, taking a Marxist and historical view reveals how much archaeological knowledge production has fundamentally relied upon site workers’ active choices.
Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) expressing MDA-MB-435 cells have significantly reduced levels of phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2).

2433 BRMS1 suppresses metastasis of human (MDA-MB-435, MDA-MB-231, C8161) and murine cell lines (66cl4, 4T1) without suppressing tumorigenicity. The BRMS1 protein is physically associated with components of mSin3-histone deacetylase complexes and has been shown to alter transcription of some genes. Since transcriptional machinery is modulated in response to cellular signals, and since BRMS1-transfected cells show differential growth patterns (i.e., cells progressively proliferate in the mammary fat pad but do not proliferate in lungs), we hypothesized that some signaling pathways might be affected by BRMS1 restoration as well. In six independent experiments, MDA-MB-435 cells, vector-only transfectants and BRMS1 transfectants (435BRMS1) were labeled with myo-[3H]inositol and PtdIns head groups were analyzed by HPLC. Parental and vector-only transfectant patterns were virtually identical. However, 435BRMS1 cells showed a significant (
Indigenous Immigrant Youth's Understandings of Power: Race, Labor, and Language.

One highly significant yet under-investigated source of variation within the Latinx Education scholarship are Indigenous immigrants from Latin America. This study investigates how Maya and other Indigenous recent immigrant youth from Guatemala and Mexico, respectively, understand indigeneity. Using a Critical Latinx Indigeneities analytic, along with literature on the coloniality of power and settler-colonialism, I base my findings on a year-long qualitative study of eight self-identifying indigenous youth from Guatemala and Mexico and highlight two emergent themes: youth’s understanding of (a) asymmetries of power based on division of labor, and (b) language hierarchies. I propose that race is a key component that contributes to the reproduction of divisions of labor and the subaltern positioning of Indigenous languages. Findings from this study provide linguistic, economic, and historical contexts of Maya and other Indigenous immigrants’ lived experiences to educators and other stakeholders in public schools working with immigrant Latinx populations.
Secularism in the Middle East? Reflections on Recent Palestinian Proposals (1975)

This chapter examines the place of secularism in political formulae and governance in the Middle East and North Africa. Secularism, or more precisely its absence, structures the political environment in which Jews in Tunisia and Morocco and Arabs in Israel resided in the 1970s, and still reside. Indeed, as made explicit in this volume’s introductory chapter, their status as religious minorities in states that reject secularism renders them exemplars of a particular minority group type. The present chapter discusses the ways that secularism may be understood, including the view that secularism is absent when a state ties its identity and political mission to the religion of the majority. This and other problems that some charge are associated with the absence of secularism are examined in the first part of the chapter. Particular attention is then given to a plan presented by the Palestinian Liberation Organization in the late 1960s. The PLO called for the establishment of a “democratic secular state” in Palestine, arguing that this would not only address the problems associated with a rejection of secularism but also lay the foundation for Israeli-Palestinian peace. The chapter next reviews the arguments of those who oppose secularism in the Middle East and North Africa; and finally, notwithstanding the arguments of those who favor secularism, the chapter considers the reasons that most states in the Middle East and North Africa have not established governance structures that separate religion and politics.
Study on optical nonlinearity of Au@SiO2 composite nanoparticles towards photonic applications

Abstract This work describes investigations on the optical nonlinearity of Au@SiO2 composite nanoparticles synthesized by citrate reduction followed by Stober's synthesis technique. Their optical, structural and morphological properties were examined by collection of joint techniques, including UV–vis spectroscopy, powder XRD and transmission electron microscopic analysis, respectively. The optical nonlinearity of the sample is analyzed by z-scan technique using pulsed Nd-YAG laser at the excitation wavelength of 1064 nm. The Au@SiO2 composite nanoparticles exhibit two times higher nonlinear index of refraction than the Au nanoparticles.
Crystal structures and the electronic properties of silicon-rich silicon carbide materials by first principle calculations.

Abstract Silicon carbide has been used in a variety of applications including solar cells due to its high stability. The high bandgap of pristine SiC, necessitates nonstoichiometric silicon carbide materials to be considered to tune the band gap for efficient solar light absorptions. In this regards, thermodynamically stable Si-rich SixC1-x materials can be used in solar cell applications without requiring the expensive pure grade silicon or pure grade silicon carbide. In this work, we have used density functional theory (DFT) to examine the stability of various polymorphs of silicon carbide such as 2H–SiC, 4H–SiC, 6H–SiC, 8H–SiC, 10H–SiC, wurtzite, naquite, and diamond structures to produce stable structures of Si-rich SixC1-x. We have systematically replaced the carbon atoms by silicon to lower the band gap and found that the configurations of these excess silicon atoms play a significant role in the stability of Si-rich SixC1-x. Hence, we have investigated different configurations of silicon and carbon atoms in these silicon carbide structures to obtain suitable SixC1-x materials with tailored band gaps. The results indicate that 6H-SixC1-x is thermodynamically the most favorable structure within the scope of this study. In addition, Si substitution for C sites in 6H–SiC enhances the solar absorption, as well as shifts the absorption spectra toward the lower photon energy region. In addition, in the visible range the absorption coefficients are much higher than the pristine SiC.
Serratus Anterior Plane Block in the Emergency Department: A Case Series

This is a case series of six emergency department (ED) patients who received an ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) for a variety of painful conditions. Our cases illustrate the feasibility and analgesic efficacy of the SAPB in providing pain management in ED patients with a variety of painful syndromes, including those with severe pain from multiple rib fractures, herpes zoster, and tube thoracostomy placement. In addition, we found no adverse events in our case series.
Drinking motives mediate the associations between urgency and hazardous/harmful alcohol use among moderate-to-heavy drinking men who have sex with men (MSM).

Abstract Urgency, the tendency to act rashly under extreme emotions, has been associated with higher rates of hazardous/harmful drinking. Moreover, previous work suggests that the association between urgency and hazardous/harmful drinking may be mediated by drinking motives. The current study sought to replicate and extend this research to men who have sex with men (MSM), a population that has shown increased alcohol-related health risk behavior. Methods: Two-hundred-and-fifty-six moderate-to-heavy drinking MSM completed questionnaires assessing urgency, drinking motives, and hazardous/harmful drinking. Regression models were conducted to examine the direct effect of Urgency on heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences and its indirect effects on these outcomes through drinking motives. Results: Urgency was significantly associated with heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences. Bootstrapping procedures indicated significant indirect effects through coping and enhancement motives for both outcomes and also conformity for consequences. Conclusions: These results indicate urgency may be an important risk factor for hazardous/harmful drinking among adult MSM that may operate in part through its effects on coping and enhancement motives.
Shape Matching in Superatom Chemistry and Assembly

Creating structures with superatomic nanoclusters rather than atoms offers the possibility of new hierarchical solids with collective properties. The variability of chemical compositions, sizes, and shapes of these superatomic building blocks provides great opportunities to access unknown assemblies. Herein we explore this concept by using geometrically anisotropic superatomic nanoclusters as building blocks. We reveal a series of novel superatomic architectures that are built from rod-shaped Co12Se16(PEt3)10 and C140 nanoclusters. More importantly, these assemblies show nonclose packings that afford voids to accommodate solvent molecules as a result of the shape anisotropy of the constituent building blocks. These intercalated small molecules act as "crystal modulators" to modulate the solid-state structures and properties. As a result, we are able to tune the crystal packings and optical gaps of the solids and see the moment when electrical conduction is "turned on". Our results demonstrate the vast potential of using anisotropic superatomic nanoclusters to create solid-state materials and provide a novel approach to configure their assemblies and properties.
An All-Weights-on-Chip DNN Accelerator in 22nm ULL Featuring 24×1 Mb eRRAM

We present a DNN accelerator in 22nm ULL CMOS featuring 24×1 Mb embedded RRAM. The accelerator, composed of 4 PEs and 512 MACs, achieves 0.96 TOPS/W at 120 MHz with 0.8 V VDD. Each PE contains 6 RRAM macros, equipped with a dynamic clamping offset-canceling sense amplifier that offers sub-μA current input offset.
Potentials and challenges of high-field PFG NMR diffusion studies with sorbates in nanoporous media

High magnetic fields (up to 17.6 T) in combination with large magnetic field gradients (up to 25 T/m) were successfully utilized in pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR studies of gas and liquid diffusion in nanoporous materials. In this mini-review, we present selected examples of such studies demonstrating the ability of high field PFG NMR to gain unique insights and differentiate between various types of diffusion. These examples include identifying and explaining an anomalous relationship between molecular size and self-diffusivity of gases in a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF), as well as revealing and explaining an influence of mixing different linkers in a ZIF on gas self-diffusion. Different types of normal and restricted self-diffusion were quantified in hybrid membranes formed by dispersing ZIF crystals in polymers. High field PFG NMR studies of such membranes allowed observing and explaining an influence of the ZIF crystal confinement in a polymer on intra-ZIF self-diffusion of gases. This technique also allowed measuring and understanding anomalous single-file diffusion (SFD) of mixed sorbates. Furthermore, the presented examples demonstrate a high potential of combining high field PFG NMR with single-crystal infrared microscopy (IRM) for obtaining greater physical insights into the studied diffusion processes.
Stabilization of the Dinitrogen Analogue, Phosphorus Nitride

The N2 analogue phosphorus nitride (PN) was the first phosphorus-containing compound to be detected in the interstellar medium; however, this thermodynamically unstable compound has a fleeting existence on Earth. Here, we show that reductive coupling of iron(IV) nitride and molybdenum(VI) phosphide complexes assembles PN as a bridging ligand in a structurally characterized bimetallic complex. Reaction with C≡N t Bu releases the mononuclear complex [(N3N)Mo-PN]-, N3N = [(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N]3-), which undergoes light-induced linkage isomerization to provide [(N3N)Mo-NP]-, as revealed by photocrystallography. While structural and spectroscopic characterization, supported by electronic structure calculations, reveals the PN multiple bond character, coordination to molybdenum induces a nucleophilic character at the terminal atom of the PN/NP ligands. Indeed, the linkage isomers can be trapped in solution by reaction with a Rh(I) electrophile.
Cognitive and vascular function in older adults with and without CKD

Cognitive impairment is a common complication of aging that is also associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular dysfunction has been implicated as a potential cause of cognitive impairment in older adults, with particular deficits noted in those with CKD. To determine the differences in cognitive function and vascular compliance in older adults with and without CKD with preclinical cognitive impairment and the relationship between these factors. Utilizing a cross-sectional approach, 48 older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment (24 with and 24 without CKD) were evaluated for performance on a test of global cognition and executive function, and vascular compliance via tonometry and ultrasound. Cognitive function and some indicators of vascular function were significantly different in older adults with and without CKD. Global cognition was correlated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r = − 0.36, p = 0.02) in the entire sample. Vascular function was not correlated with executive function. Older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment and CKD had different cognitive and vascular function than those without CKD, and an indicator of vascular function may have a relationship with cognitive function in older adults. The findings of this study support the assessment of cognitive and vascular function in older adults with and without CKD with preclinical cognitive impairment.
Skeletal Muscle Characteristics May Inform Preprocedural Risk Stratification in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patients.

Objectives Low psoas muscle mass previously has been associated with mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Evidence from other clinical disciplines suggests that psoas density (PD) may be a better predictor than psoas muscle cross-sectional area indexed to body surface area (PI). The authors hypothesized that PD would be more strongly correlated with patient discharge disposition and survival after TAVR than PI. Design The authors performed a single-center, retrospective study of TAVR patients from 2013 to 2016. PI and PD were assessed at the third lumbar spine level using computed tomography imaging. Propensity-score matching was used to investigate the association of PI and PD with discharge disposition and mortality. Setting Tertiary university hospital Participants Cohort of 245 TAVR patients. Interventions None Measurements and Main Results A total of 245 patients met inclusion criteria. Following propensity score matching, patients with PI 25 HU. After repeating the propensity score matching with PI as a covariable, PD remained associated with mortality (90 days: odds ratio [OR] 4.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.96-10.31, p Conclusions PD may be more relevant than PI in risk stratification for TAVR patients.
CNS critical periods: implications for dystonia and other neurodevelopmental disorders

Critical periods are discrete developmental stages when the nervous system is especially sensitive to stimuli that facilitate circuit maturation. The distinctive landscapes assumed by the developing CNS create analogous periods of susceptibility to pathogenic insults and responsiveness to therapy. Here, we review critical periods in nervous system development and disease, with an emphasis on the neurodevelopmental disorder DYT1 dystonia. We highlight clinical and laboratory observations supporting the existence of a critical period during which the DYT1 mutation is uniquely harmful, and the implications for future therapeutic development.
When Self-Serving Deception Seems Ethical

Negotiators commonly use deception in the pursuit of short-term gains. For negotiators to make wise decisions about whether and how to use deception, they must understand deception’s consequences. Prior work on deception has asserted that negotiators who are caught telling a self-serving lie will be perceived as less ethical than negotiators who tell the truth. We challenge this assertion by investigating self-serving emotional deception. We introduce a conceptual framework that distinguishes between two types of emotional deception: down-display (suppression of felt emotions) and up-display (exaggeration of felt emotions). We demonstrate that negotiators judge counterparts who engage in down-display emotional deception to be more ethical than counterparts who engage in up-display emotional deception, consistent with omission bias. Moreover, surprisingly, negotiators judge self-serving down-display emotional deception to actually be more ethical than telling the truth. These effects are mediated by perceived appropriateness, consistent with the notions that negotiators often perceive down-display emotional deception as appropriate and, in turn, perceive inappropriate emotional displays to be a moral outrage.
The Effects of Child Care Subsidies on Paid Child Care Participation and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from the Child and Dependent Care Credit

The Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), a tax credit based on taxpayers’ income and child care expenses, reduces families’ child care costs. The nonrefundable federal CDCC is available to working families with children younger than 13 years old in all states, and nearly half of states supplement the federal credit with their own child care credits. The Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act expanded the federal CDCC in 2003, which led to differential increases in CDCC generosity across states and family sizes. I document CDCC eligibility and expenditures over time and across income and demographic groups. Using data from the March Current Population Survey, I find that a 10 percent increase in CDCC benefits increases annual paid child care participation by 4–5 percent among households with children younger than 13 years old. I also find that CDCC benefits increase labor supply among married mothers. Increases in labor supply among married mothers with very young children suggest that CDCC benefits may generate long-run earnings gains.
Solar cycle and seasonal variability of the nightside ionosphere of Mars: Insights from five years of MAVEN observations

Abstract Using Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations from 2014 to 2019, we characterize how the structure and composition of the nightside ionosphere varies on solar cycle and seasonal timescales. At fixed altitudes between 150 and 200 km, plasma densities vary substantially on these timescales in response to variations in fixed thermospheric pressure levels, which cause the ionosphere to rise and fall in altitude. Additionally, solar cycle and seasonal trends in the electron impact ionization (EII) rate affects nightside densities; higher densities are observed near solar maximum and Mars perihelion (when EII rates are largest), and lower densities are observed near solar minimum and Mars aphelion (when EII rates are smallest). Lastly, densities in the high-altitude ( > 200 km) nightside ionosphere vary significantly over the solar cycle: topside O + densities vary by a factor of ∼ 50 and topside O 2 + densities vary by a factor of ∼ 40. Topside ion densities were relatively stable throughout the solar minimum of 2018–2019.
Performance of Mycorrhizal Products Marketed for Woody Landscape Plants

Commercial products containing propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely marketed to improve woody plant performance in the landscape. However, the infectivity of these products has rarely been subjected to independent testing. We evaluated commercial AMF inoculants in a series of greenhouse experiments using corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), trident maple (Acer buergerianum), and sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) as host plants. In corn and sorghum, colonization rarely exceeded 5% when plants were treated with commercial inoculants. In contrast, viable lab-cultured inoculant of similar species composition yielded mean colonization percentages of 38 to 61%. Despite the near absence of colonization, commercial inoculants generally improved shoot growth and increased soil nutrient concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Commercial inoculants had no effect on mycorrhizal colonization or shoot growth of trident maple or sweetbay magnolia liners. Product-treated magnolias grown from seed also developed little or no mycorrhizal colonization, whereas plants treated with a lab-cultured inoculant were 74% colonized. If commercial AMF inoculants are to receive broad acceptance as landscape soil amendments, manufacturers must demonstrate that their products can promote mycorrhizal colonization under the conditions of their intended distribution and use. Index words: corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), trident maple (Acer buergerianum ), sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana), mycorrhizal colonization, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Why Programming by Demonstration Systems Fail: Lessons Learned for Usable AI

Programming by demonstration systems have long attempted to make it possible for people to program computers without writing code. However, while these systems have resulted in many publications in AI venues, none of the technologies have yet achieved widespread.adoption. Usability remains a critical barrier to their success. On the basis of lessons learned from three different programming by demonstration systems, we present a set of guidelines to consider when designing usable AI-based systems.
Thin Filament Regulation in Development

The basic function of the heart is to eject blood. This function is supported throughout development by the sarcomere and the interaction of its thick and thin filaments. In the face of this constancy, the ability of the heart to work, modulate its output, and respond to pathophysiologic states undergoes marked changes with development. The potential contributions of troponin I (TnI) cardiac (c) TnT, actin, and tropomyosin isoforms to these changes are the focus of this chapter.
Cara Wallis, Technomobility in China: Young Migrant Women and Mobile Phones

Cara Wallis’ Technomobility in China: Young Migrant Women and Mobile Phones is one of the first studies to examine the use of mobile phones by a specific group. Wallis targets the relationship between young rural-to-urban women and their mobile phone use to show how mobile phones empower “immobile mobility” (p. 6). Paradoxically, mobile phones tie these women to certain places and jobs, but they also help them broaden their horizons and pursue “modern” selves.
Acute and chronic effects of botulinum neurotoxin a on the mammalian neuromuscular junction.

Introduction Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) cleaves SNAP-25 and inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) to cause neuroparalysis. Previous reports indicate a dyssynchrony between the inhibitory effect of BoNT/A on ACh release and SNAP-25 cleavage. Methods: We tested the in vitro (acute; 90 min) and in vivo (chronic; 12 h) effects of BoNT/A on stimulus-evoked ACh release (SEAR), twitch tension, and SNAP-25 cleavage in isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve-muscle preparations (NMP).Results: In vitro or in vivo BoNT/A poisoning inhibited SEAR and twitch tension. Conversely, SNAP-25 cleavage and inhibition of spontaneous release frequency were observed only in NMP poisoned with BoNT/A in vivo. Moreover, chronic treatment of BoNT/A inhibited ionomycin stimulated Ca2+ signals in Neuro 2a cells. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that the inhibition of SEAR precedes SNAP-25 cleavage and suggest involvement of a more complex mechanism for the inhibitory effect of BoNT/A at the NMJ. Muscle Nerve 50:206–215, 2014
Trade-offs in the spatial model of resource allocation

Abstract We investigate Arrow's problem for the space of allocations of public goods and the domain of profiles of Euclidean individual preferences. We allow some efficiency to be sacrificed in order to avoid dictatorship, but if independence of irrelevant alternatives and transitivity of social preference remain in force, then there is no social welfare function that permits a significant departure from dictatorship without a substantial sacrifice of efficiency.
Vowel Acoustics in Dysarthria: Mapping to Perception

Purpose The aim of the present report was to explore whether vowel metrics, demonstrated to distinguish dysarthric and healthy speech in a companion article (Lansford & Liss, 2014), are able to pre...
Acquired aphasia in children after surgical resection of left-thalamic tumors

Five children (three males, two females; four right-, one left-handed; age range 6 to 14 years) who developed aphasia after gross-total excision of left predominantly thalamic tumors are reported. Three patients had Broca aphasia, one had mixed transcortical aphasia, and one patient had conduction aphasia. In the months after surgery, three children improved while receiving radiation and/or chemotherapy, although none recovered completely. Two patients with malignant tumors developed worsening aphasia when the tumor recurred, and later died. Two of three patients tested had visuospatial difficulties in addition to language deficits. Attention and executive functioning were affected in three of three patients tested. Memory, verbal and/or visual functioning, were affected in four of four patients tested. Both patients who were tested showed transient right hemineglect. Two of two patients tested were probably apraxic. The wide range of deficits in these children highlights the importance of the thalamus and other subcortical structures in developing cognition.
Lamarckian neuroevolution for visual control in the Quake II environment

A combination of backpropagation and neuroevolution is used to train a neural network visual controller for agents in the Quake II environment. The agents must learn to shoot an enemy opponent in a semi-visually complex environment using only raw visual inputs. A comparison is made between using normal neuroevolution and using neuroevolution combined with backpropagation for Lamarckian adaptation. The supervised backpropagation imitates a hand-coded controller that uses non-visual inputs. Results show that using backpropagation in combination with neuroevolution trains the visual neural network controller much faster and more successfully.
Orthodoxy and Heresy: Walter Bauer and the Valentinians

En ce qui concerne la gnose valentinienne, la these de Bauer, soutenant que les groupes consideres plus tard comme heretiques etaient predominants pendant les deux ou trois premiers siecles, est indefendable. Cela ressort de la place que tient l'orthodoxie dans la pensee valentinienne, de l'impression qui s'en degage que l'orthodoxie est majoritaire, de l'usage que font les Valentiniens du Nouveau Testament orthodoxe. L'enquete se base sur Irenee, Clement d'Alexandrie et Heracleon.
Ocular Toxicity Related to Cetuximab Monotherapy in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically blocks the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Cetuximab is now a standard drug to treat refractory advanced colorectal cancer. The most common side effect is a rash, seen in most patients. Ocular toxicity is uncommon. We report 2 cases of ocular toxicity characterized by blepharitis and conjunctivitis related to cetuximab administration. Strategies for management are discussed.
Film formation from aqueous polyurethane dispersions of reactive hydrophobic and hydrophilic components; spectroscopic studies and Monte Carlo simulations.

Film formation of waterborne two-component polyurethanes is exceedingly complex due to the heterogeneous nature along with simultaneous progression of several parallel physicochemical processes which include water evaporation, cross-linking reactions, phase separation, and droplet coalescence, to name a few. While internal reflection infrared imaging (IRIRI) spectroscopy clearly facilitates analysis of chemical changes resulting from film formation, the complexity of processes leading to formation of specific surface/interfacial entities is a major experimental challenge. For this reason, we combined a spectrum of surface/interfacial analytical approaches including IRIRI, atomic force microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with Monte Carlo computer simulations to advance the limited knowledge of how temperature, stoichiometry, concentration levels, and reactivities of individual components affect the development of surface morphologies and compositional gradie...
Social and structural constraints on media use in incarceration

This study investigated the relationship of social‐contextual features of incarceration to inmates’ uses of media resources. Previous research indicated that inmates’ modal responses to the incentives and deprivations of institutional life were linked to certain types of media dependency. Analysis of the media regimens and other indexes of communicative behavior of an inmate sample at a medium‐security prison provided evidence that both structural living conditions and inmates’ motivational orientations to prison experience affected media use time allocations and gratifications.