cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of human mitochondrial very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency causing cardiomyopathy and sudden death in childhood.

Abstract beta-Oxidation of long-chain fatty acids provides the major source of energy in the heart. Defects in enzymes of the beta-oxidation pathway cause sudden, unexplained death in childhood, acute hepatic encephalopathy or liver failure, skeletal myopathy, and cardiomyopathy. Very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [VLCAD; very-long-chain-acyl-CoA:(acceptor) 2,3-oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.99.13] catalyzes the first step in beta-oxidation. We have isolated the human VLCAD cDNA and gene and determined the complete nucleotide sequences. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of VLCAD mRNA and genomic exons defined the molecular defects in two patients with VLCAD deficiency who presented with unexplained cardiac arrest and cardiomyopathy. In one, a homozygous mutation in the consensus dinucleotide of the donor splice site (g+1-->a) was associated with universal skipping of the prior exon (exon 11). The second patient was a compound heterozygote, with a missense mutation, C1837-->T, changing the arginine at residue 613 to tryptophan on one allele and a single base deletion at the intron-exon 6 boundary as the second mutation. This initial delineation of human mutations in VLCAD suggests that VLCAD deficiency reduces myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and energy production and is associated with cardiomyopathy and sudden death in childhood.
Role of glycoproteins of pseudorabies virus in eliciting neutralizing antibodies

The experiments described in this paper were designed to assess the role of the various virus glycoproteins of pseudorabies virus (PrV) in eliciting the production of neutralizing antibodies during the normal course of infection of swine. They also address the question of the degree of antigenic variation within each glycoprotein between different virus isolates. The results show the following: Antigenic variation between strains of PrV isolated from different geographic areas are readily detectable; antigenic differences between strains isolated from the same geographic area are less common. No antigenic drift in glycoprotein gII was observed. Glycoprotein gIII and, to some extent, also glycoprotein gI showed a high level of antigenic drift. The neutralizing activity of pooled convalescent sera of swine is not directed against glycoprotein gI. A large part of the neutralizing activity of pooled convalescent sera of swine is directed against glycoprotein gIII.
A survey of the qualifications and training of dental radiology faculty members and of their radiologic facilities.

Abstract Information pertaining to the teaching of radiology to dental students is presented.
Description of a Many-Atom System in Terms of Coherent Boson States

The correlated motion of an $N$-spin system has been described in terms of the coherent states of a harmonic oscillator. We have shown that this description of the system provides us with the closest analog to the classical limit. The macroscopic dipole operator in the coherent-state representation is shown to obey the Bloch equation in which each of the three components is simultaneously well defined.
Ileal pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis is feasible for septuagenarians.

Objective Proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the standard surgery for patients with mucosal ulcerative colitis (MUC). Although there is no absolute age limitation, there are concerns as to its use in elderly patients due to the risks of potential complications and poor function. The aim of this study was to assess the complications and outcome of patients over the age of 70 years with MUC who underwent IPAA. Results in these patients were compared to the results in a group of patients aged less than 70 years who had IPAA. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective review of the medical records of patients with MUC who underwent IPAA was undertaken. These patients were divided into four age groups: < 30 years of age, 30–49 years, 50–69 years, ≥ 70 years. Results From 1989 to 2001, 330 patients underwent IPAA for preoperative clinical and histopathological and postoperative histopathologically confirmed MUC; 17 were aged ≥ 70 years. The mean hospital stay was 5.8 (SEM 0.7) days in the patients aged < 70 years and 6.0 (SEM 0.4) days in the patients aged ≥ 70 years (P = 0.911). Postoperative complications occurred in 39% of patients ≥ 70 years and in 40% in the < 70 years group (P = 0.08). Pouch failure occurred in two (11.8%) patients ≥ 70 years and in 6 (1.9%) < 70 (P = 0.2). Conclusion IPAA is a safe and feasible option in MUC patients over the age of 70 with functional results similar to results seen in younger patients.
Examining the Association Between Lung Functioning and Cognitive Performance in African American Adults

The current study examined the extent to which pulmonary functioning, as measured by average peak expiratory flow, was related to performance on seven cognitive measures. Analyses were conducted on a sample of 396 African American adults ranging in age from 22 to 89 years. Results revealed significant differences in mean levels of expiratory flow between the younger and older African Americans, with older adults performing more poorly. Lung functioning was not uniquely associated with cognitive performance in the younger adults, though it emerged as a significant predictor of individual differences in performance on the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status even after controlling for age, education, and smoking history. Biobehavioral assessments such as the one presented here appear to provide important new insights into the sources of individual differences in cognition observed in this understudied population.
Phototransceiver arrays with phototransistors and resonant cavity light emitting diodes vertically integrated with tunnel junctions

Summary form only given. We report here GaAs-based low, power phototransceivers and phototransceiver arrays with vertically integrated resonant cavity LEDs (RCLEDs) and heterojunction phototransistors (HPTs). A novel integration scheme, based on a tunnel junction (TJ) ensures the simple processing, compact size and excellent performance of the arrays.
184 Expressed Gene Arrays in Three Marine Dinoflagellates with Contrasting Trophic Modes Analyzed Via a Small‐Scale Est Sequencing

In an attempt to determine the common and unique the genes functioning for different trophic modes in dinoflagellates, cDNA libraries were constructed for Prorocentrum minimum (photoautotrophic), Karlodinium micrum (mixotrophic), and Pfiesteria piscicida (kleptoplastic heterotrophic). Randomly selected 100–350 clones were sequenced for each species. Results revealed a small number of genes transcribed in all three species (basic nuclear proteins, ribosomal proteins). There appeared to be a suite of unique genes in each species. In P. piscicida that was fed Rhodomonas sp., the array of expressed genes differed clearly among different growth conditions. The cDNA library prepared for samples collected 12 h after feeding contained more photosynthetic genes (light harvesting complex proteins) and ribosomal proteins, while growth-related genes were expressed more abundantly at 24 hours after feeding. At 48 hours when growth rate was decreased dramatically, the most abundant gene transcripts found were those involved in metabolism (mt cob, cox1 and cox3). In addition, several genes (ras, rac, chaperonin) appeared to be identical at amino acid level among the two heterotrophic or mixotrophic dinoflagellates (P. piscicida and K. micrum) and a prey alga (Rhodomonas sp.), although the likelihood of contamination was small. These results suggest that some of the dinoflagellate genes may be originated through horizontal transfer from historical prey species and RT-PCR measurements indicate that these genes maybe highly expressed in dinoflagellates.
Lenalidomide, idelalisib, and rituximab are unacceptably toxic in patients with relapsed/refractory indolent lymphoma.

To the editor: Understanding of the tumor microenvironment has led to the development of novel agents for lymphoma, although few studies have combined these as a therapeutic strategy. We report unacceptable toxicity from such a biological triplet. Patients were treated in a multiarm phase 1 study
Superconducting Cavities for a Large e+ e- Colliding Beam Accelerator

An L-band cavity accelerator assembly suitable for large storage ring service is being developed. Design criteria are presented and development status is detailed.
Hand-held dynamometer testing of the internal and external rotator musculature based on selected positions to establish normative data and unilateral ratios

Hypothesis: Objective documentation is needed of shoulder internal and external rotator strength using hand-held dynamometry in selected positions commonly used in a clinic. We compared strength measures and unilateral ratios between gender, limbs (dominant, nondominant), and 3 testing positions. We hypothesized that men would be stronger than women, the dominant shoulder would be stronger than the nondominant shoulder, and the seated neutral (0 � adduction) and seated 30 � abduction, 30 � scaption, 30 � diagonal (30 � -30 � -30 � ) positions would be stronger than the prone at 90 � -90 � position. Materials and methods: Three positions (prone at 90 � , seated at neutral, and seated at 30 � -30 � -30 � ) were evaluated in 181 individuals using hand-held dynamometry. Three separate 3-factor (limb by position by gender) analyses of variance were conducted on internal rotation, external rotation, and unilateral ratios. Results: Althoughthedominantlimbwassignificantlystronger(P <.001)thanthenondominantforinternal rotation,therewasnodifferenceforexternalrotation.Theexternalrotatorsdemonstratedsignificantlygreater strength in the prone at 90 � position compared with the seated at neutral (P ¼.001) and seated at 30 � -30 � -30 � (P ¼.002)positions.Theinternalrotatorsdemonstratedsignificantlygreater(P ¼.036)strengthintheneutral position thanintheproneat90 � positionforthewomen.Theunilateral ratioofexternalrotators/internal rotators ranged from 86% to 99%. For the women, the prone at 90 � ratio was significantly greater than seated at neutral (P ¼.001) andseated at30 � -30 � -30 � (P ¼.001)positions.Moderate strengthrelationships(r ¼0.506 to 0.572) were revealed between body mass and all strength measures. Discussion: The results of this study provide evidence to interpret normative data, bilateral comparisons and unilateral ratios of the internal/external rotators in the 3 selected positions. Conclusion: Because there are no differences between the seated at neutral and 30 � -30 � -30 � positions and the advantages it offers, we recommend the 30 � -30 � -30 � position for testing and the initiation of rehabilitation.
Insertions within the Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Protein Influence Capsid Formation and RNA Encapsidation

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid proteins, termed core proteins, with two- to four-amino-acid insertions were assessed for capsid formation, RNA encapsidation, and the ability to support reverse transcription of the pregenome by the polymerase molecule. Velocity sedimentation analysis of insect cell-expressed recombinant core proteins revealed that only two of the nine insertion mutant proteins formed capsids with the tight banding patterns of wild-type capsids. The remaining mutant core proteins were spread over the gradients, suggesting aggregate formation, or at the top of the gradients, suggesting lack of stable capsid formation. The mutant capsid proteins were coexpressed in Huh7 cells with an HBV genome lacking a functional core gene to test for trans complementation of HBV replication. Three of the mutant core proteins formed capsids containing HBV RNA, but only two of these contained reverse-transcribed HBV DNA. While the core protein has shown resiliency in capsid formation following insertion of foreign residues into the major B-cell epitope, several of the small insertions severely reduced the efficiency of capsid formation and inhibited capsid function.
Staphylococcus intermedius infections: case report and literature review

Staphylococcus intermedius is part of the normal skin and oral flora of dogs. Case reports of human infections are rare, but the true inci- dence is unknown because the pathogen is fre- quently misidentified as Staphylococcus aureus. Reported cases range from soft tissue infections to brain abscess. Most reported cases in humans have been related to dog exposure. We report a case of a 73 year old female with S. intermedius surgical wound infection one month following a left elbow total arthroplasty. This is the first reported human case of S. intermedius infection of a mechani- cal prosthesis. The presumed source of infec- tion was the patient's dog. The patient was treated with vancomycin, then switched to cefazolin and rifampin once susceptibilities were known. Case reports suggest that patients generally respond well to tailored antibiotics with complete or near-complete recovery. S. intermedius should be included in the differential diagnosis of invasive infection amongst patients with close contact with dogs.
CALCIUM ION REQUIREMENT FOR PROLIFERATION OF BACTERIOPHAGE φμ-4

Shafia, Fred (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), and T. L. Thompson. Calcium ion requirement for proliferation of bacteriophage phimu-4. J. Bacteriol. 88:293-296. 1964.-Divalent ions are essential for proliferation of phage phimu-4. Small amounts of citrate interfere with efficient adsorption of phage to the host cells. Penetration of phage material into the cell is strictly dependent on divalent ions and is inhibited by low levels of citrate. Inhibition of infection can be partially reversed, in early latent period, by calcium ions. Synthesis of new phage particles is also dependent on divalent ions. Addition of citrate to infected cell suspensions significantly reduced the number of phage progeny produced. Chelates such as phosphate and citrate rapidly inactivated the free phage particles at 65 C. Chelate inactivation of phage is not reversible; however, it can be prevented to some degree by calcium ions.
Continuous-time adaptive recursive and nonrecursive filters

The usefulness of continuous-time adaptive nonrecursive and recursive filters (CTANRFs and CTARFs) in the field of adaptive signal processing is considered. Their performance characteristics are established with hardware implementation and theoretical results are verified with experimental values obtained from the hardware prototype. An adaptive channel equalizer is designed which is capable of handling signal bandwidths of about 10 MHz to demonstrate the feasibility of practical adaptive circuits. >
Germanium-single-wall carbon nanotube anodes for lithium ion batteries

High-capacity thin-film germanium was coupled with free-standing single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) current collectors as a novel lithium ion battery anode. A series of Ge-SWCNT compositions were fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The lithium ion storage capacities of the anodes were measured to be proportional to the Ge weight loading, with a 40 wt% Ge-SWCNT electrode measuring 800 mAh/g. Full batteries comprising a Ge-SWCNT anode in concert with a LiCoO2 cathode have demonstrated a nominal voltage of 3.35 V and anode energy densities 3× the conventional graphite-based value. The higher observed energy density for Ge-SWCNT anodes has been used to calculate the relative improvement in full battery performance when capacity matched with conventional cathodes (e.g., LiCoO2, LiNiCoAlO2, and LiFePO4). The results show a >50% increase in both specific and volumetric energy densities, with values approaching 275 Wh/kg and 700 Wh/L.
Femtosecond time‐resolved spectroscopy of the primary photochemistry of phytochrome

Time-resolved absorption spectra of Pr phytochrome were obtained using a regeneratively amplified femtosecond titanium : sapphire laser system. The early time transient absorption spectra are comprised of prompt Pr photobleaching, stimulated emission, and excited-state absorption features that decay with a 24 ps time constant that matches the ground state appearance time of the primary photoproduct. Based on the 5 ns radiative lifetime calculated from the absorption and spontaneous emission spectra and the fluorescence quantum yield of 5.5 (± 0.5) × 10−3, we calculate an excited-state lifetime of 28 ps that agrees well with the directly determined lifetime. The transient absorption spectra are consistent with a primary photochemical reaction quantum yield of 0.15, and the absorption spectrum of the primary photoproduct closely resembles that of the low-temperature trapped intermediate, lumi-R. We conclude that the primary photoisomerization, which is believed to be a Z,syn E,syn isomerization of the C15=C16 chromophore bond, occurs in 24 ps. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospectroscopy 3: 421–433, 1997
Ibutilide revisited: stronger and safer than ever

When the cardioversion of atrial fibrillation is contemplated, many clinicians think only of one thing: electrical (DC) cardioversion. There are many reasons for this: (i) in most settings, the protocols to perform DC cardioversion are well established, easy to do, inexpensive, and efficient; (ii) manpower needed to perform DC cardioversion is relatively small; (iii) while no randomized controlled clinical trial demonstrates benefit, DC cardioversion is well established, carries a low risk, and is highly successful for most patients; and (iv) there is hardly a reason to think of any other alternative approach. On the other hand, several oral and intravenous drugs are available, and have been used effectively, to convert patients from atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Why is this approach so often ignored? The reasons are somewhat complex: (i) the technique takes time even for the use of intravenous medications; (ii) pharmacological cardioversion is generally not as effective as DC cardioversion; (iii) more manpower is needed to manage patients for additional hours in many cases; (iv) protocols are not as well established and, therefore, undefined risks for the patient may occur; and (v) there are potential proarrhythmic risks for all anti-arrhythmic medications. Previous randomized controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the potential efficacy of anti-arrhythmic drugs to return patients to sinus rhythm using a ‘pill-in-the-pocket’ or intravenous infusion technique.1–3 Ibutilide, a class III anti-arrhythmic, is a potent blocker of the rapid component of the cardiac-delayed rectifier potassium current and also activates … *Corresponding author. Tel: +1 319 356 2344; fax: +1 319 384 6247, E-mail address : brian-olshansky{at}uiowa.edu
Challenges in implementing The Institute of Medicine systematic review standards

In 2011, The Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified a set of methodological standards to improve the validity, trustworthiness, and usefulness of systematic reviews. These standards, based on a mix of theoretical principles, empiric evidence, and commonly considered best practices, set a high bar for authors of systematic reviews. Based on over 15 years of experience conducting systematic reviews, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) program has examined the EPC’s adherence and agreement with the IOM standards. Even such a large program, with infrastructure and resource support, found challenges in implementing all of the IOM standards. We summarize some of the challenges in implementing the IOM standards as a whole and suggest some considerations for individual or smaller research groups needing to prioritize which standards to adhere to, yet still achieve the highest quality and utility possible for their systematic reviews.
Improving Diversity, Inclusion, and Representation in Radiology and Radiation Oncology Part 1: Why These Matter

The ACR Commission for Women and General Diversity is committed to identifying barriers to a diverse physician workforce in radiology and radiation oncology (RRO), and to offering policy recommendations to overcome these barriers. In Part 1 of a 2-part position article from the commission, diversity as a concept and its dimensions of personality, character, ethnicity, biology, biography, and organization are introduced. Terms commonly used to describe diverse individuals and groups are reviewed. The history of diversity and inclusion in US society and health care are addressed. The post–Civil Rights Era evolution of diversity in medicine is delineated: Diversity 1.0, with basic awareness, nondiscrimination, and recruitment; Diversity 2.0, with appreciation of the value of diversity but inclusion as peripheral or in opposition to other goals; and Diversity 3.0, which integrates diversity and inclusion into core missions of organizations and their leadership, and leverages its potential for innovation and contribution. The current states of diversity and inclusion in RRO are reviewed in regard to gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The lack of representation and unchanged demographics in these fields relative to other medical specialties are explored. The business case for diversity is discussed, with examples of successful models and potential application to the health care industry in general and to RRO. The moral, ethical, and public health imperative for diversity is also highlighted.
Large-area surface-emitting "W" mid-IR photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers

Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback gratings are employed to produce vertical emission from very-large-area mid-IR "W" lasers. For a FWHM pump-spot diameter of 400-/spl mu/m, /spl ap/60% of the output is transmitted through a far-field aperture of diameter 1.8/spl deg/.
Has Community Forestry Succeeded in Achieving Environmentally Sustainable Forestry Management

Community forestry has been eagerly embraced as the 'national forestry strategy' in many developing nations; it has drawn support from a variety of influential international and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and overseas development agencies. In this essay I ask whether community forestry has succeeded in promoting the sustainable management of forests, and indeed whether it is even possible to assess what impact it has had. Many of the issues dealt with are, in part, sociological; they are nonetheless environmentally significant insofar as they are fundamental to understanding community forestry's impact on environmental sustainability. I conclude that the effects of these policies have been poorly evaluated with respect to their original objectives, and that as a result, the utility of community forestry remains to be proven.
Sol-gel based fabrication methods for photonic crystals

viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCYION 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Outline 2 CHAPTER 2. SOL-GEL PHOTONIC WITH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY ...... 4 2.1 Sol-gel Chemistry 4 2.2 Sol-gel Imprint Lithography 8 2.3 Sol-gel Photonics 10 CHAPTER 3. SOL-GEL BASED GUIDED MODE RESONANT FILTER ...... 13 3.1 Guided Mode Resonant Filter 13 3.2 Numerical Design of GMR structure 14 3.3 Fabrication 17 3.3.1 Preparation of Sol-gel Solution 17 3.2.3 Sol-gel Imprint Process 17 3.4 Characterization 19 3.4.1 Spectral Measurements 19 3.4.2 Nanostructure Inspection and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis ....... 19 3.4.3 Tuning of GMR Wavelength by Thickness of Sol-gel Film 21 3.4.4 Tuning of GMR Wavelength by Refractive Index of Sol-gel Film...... 23 3.5 Application: GMR Sensors for Refractometric Measurement 24 3.5.1 Reflection Measurements of Solutions with Different Indexes ......... 24 3.5.2 Detection of Polymer Thin Film Deposition 25 CHAPTER 4. SOL-GEL BASED 3D PHOTONIC CRYSTAL 27 4.1 Capillary 3D Photonic Crystal 27 4.2 Fabrication 28 4.3 Simulation 29 4.4 Characterization 33
Injury to the tibial and peroneal nerves due to hemorrhage in the popliteal fossa. Two case reports.

The cases that we are reporting illustrate that tibial neumropathy after injury to the knee may be more frequent than has been previously recognized because clinical and electrophysiological deficits may be confined to nerve twigs that branch from the tibial nerve distal to the knee
Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

Glaucoma is a disease of the central nervous system affecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). RGC axons making up the optic nerve carry visual input to the brain for visual perception. Damage to RGCs and their axons leads to vision loss and/or blindness. Although the specific cause of glaucoma is unknown, the primary risk factor for the disease is an elevated intraocular pressure. Glaucoma-inducing procedures in animal models are a valuable tool to researchers studying the mechanism of RGC death. Such information can lead to the development of effective neuroprotective treatments that could aid in the prevention of vision loss. The protocol in this paper describes a method of inducing glaucoma - like conditions in an in vivo rat model where 50 µl of 2 M hypertonic saline is injected into the episcleral venous plexus. Blanching of the vessels indicates successful injection. This procedure causes loss of RGCs to simulate glaucoma. One month following injection, animals are sacrificed and eyes are removed. Next, the cornea, lens, and vitreous are removed to make an eyecup. The retina is then peeled from the back of the eye and pinned onto sylgard dishes using cactus needles. At this point, neurons in the retina can be stained for analysis. Results from this lab show that approximately 25% of RGCs are lost within one month of the procedure when compared to internal controls. This procedure allows for quantitative analysis of retinal ganglion cell death in an in vivo rat glaucoma model.
‘Chlorophyll a’ multi-temporal analysis in coastal waters with MODIS data

The availability of a nearly-continuous remotely-sensed chlorophyll ‘a’ maps (Chl a) from MODIS sensor, now longer than ten years, enables the assessment of multi-temporal trends for several locations around the world. In this paper the statistical method of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been applied to 5 years of MODIS data in order to generate Chl a maps. A Chl a multi-temporal analysis of Apulian region coastal zones in Southern Italy shows a positive trend in two test cases, confirming the increase of productivity in Southern Adriatic region found in the last years and demonstrating the simplicity and usefulness of this technique.
Personal and Organizational Variables: Their Relative Effect on Reward Valences of Industrial Salespeople:

The authors investigate the relationship between personal and organizational characteristics and the attractiveness of various rewards to industrial salespeople. Data were gathered from 241 industr...
The problem of the native clergy in the Portuguese and Spanish Empires from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries

A learned Jesuit historian of the Japan mission recently observed: ‘The aim of Christian missionary activity in every mission land is to establish the Church. The goal of the foreign missionary is primarily to prepare the ground and lay the foundation of the future Church. What he envisages, therefore, is the idea of a fully matured hierarchy of native-born bishops and priests capable of carrying on the work of the Church without foreign assistance.’ Identical sentiments have been voiced by other erudite Jesuit historians of Portuguese India and the Spanish Philippines; but their own well-documented works show very clearly that, however much this was a consummation devoutly to be wished, the road to its achievement was a long and an arduous one. Indeed, at times this objective was actively opposed by those very missionaries who should have been most anxious to attain it. Whatever the theory may have been, in practice the indigenous clergy were apt to be kept in a strictly subordinate condition to the European priests, particularly where these latter were members of the Regular clergy. How this discrimination arose, and the length of time for which it endured, is the theme of this paper.
Devising local protocols for multipartite quantum measurements

A general method is devised to determine if any given measurement can be implemented by ``local operations and classical communication'' (LOCC) alone, leading to fundamental results in quantum measurement theory. The procedure proves the impossibility of a measurement by LOCC even when an infinite number of rounds of communication are allowed.
Outcomes in seriously ill neonates with coarctation of the aorta: A multiinstitutional study

Among 326 severely symptomatic neonates with coarctation with or without ventricular septal defect, four died before an initial procedure was performed. Among the 322 undergoing an initial procedure, survival for at least 24 months was 84 %; the hazard function for death was lower initially but more prolonged in patients without than in those with ventricular septal defect. Important mitral valve anomalies coexisted in 5 % of patients, left ventricular hypoplasia in 5 % (more commonly in patients without ventricular septal defect), narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract in 9 % (more common in patients without ventricular septal defects and narrowing of the proximal arch in 1 %; one or more of these anomalies was present in most patients without ventricular septal defect who died. Five percent of the 322 patients had more than one of these coexisting anomalies, and 8 % had just one. The most commonly used technique of repair of the coarctation was resection and end-to-end anastomosis, but no technique was a risk factor for death by multivariable analysis. Extension of the area of resection so that the end-to-end anastomosis was proximal to the left subclavian artery but distal to the left common carotid artery did not increase risk; extensions beyond this, and in the case of patch graft repair, extensions proximal to the left subclavian artery, did increase risk. Patch graft repair was associated with the highest prevalence (21 %) of reintervention to the coarctation repair. Among patients with coexisting moderate-sized or large ventricular septal defects, repair of the coarctation, pulmonary trunk banding, and subsequent repair of the defect were associated with the highest 2-year survival, 97 %, in those with single ventricular septal defect. The risk-adjusted outcomes in two institutions were less good than in all others.
Teratogens in Plants

Many compounds synthesized by plants are known to be teratogenic in laboratory animals, but only a few have been shown by feeding trials to produce terata in livestock. Studies of plant teratogens affecting livestock have not moved forward in a systematic nor rapid way because of the logistical problems connected with such experiments in large animals. Information that has accumulated can be conveniently separated into three categories: (1) known teratogens in known teratogenic plants, (2) known teratogenic plants with unidentified teratogens, and (3) suspected teratogenic plants. Included in the first group are the teratogens from Lupinus, Veratrum, Conium and Leucaena genera; in the second group are included the Astragalus , Nicotiana and Trachymene genera; and in the third group are included Datura, Prunus , Sorghum and Senecio genera. Total available information in each case varies, but in a few instances considerable fundamental as well as practical information is now known. Research has provided enough information in a few instances to enable elimination of the practical problem or significant reduction in incidence.
Reading About the Flu Online: How Health-Protective Behavioral Intentions Are Influenced by Media Multitasking, Polychronicity, and Strength of Health-Related Arguments

ABSTRACTAs health organizations increasingly use the Internet to communicate medical information and advice (Shortliffe et al., 2000; World Health Organization, 2013), studying factors that affect health information processing and health-protective behaviors becomes extremely important. The present research applied the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion to explore the effects of media multitasking, polychronicity (preference for multitasking), and strength of health-related arguments on health-protective behavioral intentions. Participants read an online article about influenza that included strong and weak suggestions to engage in flu-preventive behaviors. In one condition, participants read the article and checked Facebook; in another condition, they were exposed only to the article. Participants expressed greater health-protective behavioral intentions in the media multitasking condition than in the control condition. Strong arguments were found to elicit more positive behavioral intentions tha...
Lord Herbert of Cherbury's idea of 'ultimate reality and meaning' and a note on the popularization of Deism

A la difference de nombreux de ses partisans deistes, Herbert de Cherbury entendait developper une plus grande harmonie entre les religions concurrentes. En ecrivant le De Veritate alors qu'il est diplomate en France, il veut etablir la paix entre les religions a la maniere des diplomates lorsqu'il s'agit des nations. Herbert n'est pas un sceptique puiqu'il affirme que la connaissance est possible a travers la raison. Cependant, il temoigne de sa distance avec la raison deductive. Ceci a sans doute contribue au developpement du scepticisme religieux en Angleterre au cours du XVII e siecle
Do Special Measures—Such as Postoperative CPAP, a Prolonged PACU Stay, and PACU EtCO2 Monitoring—Improve the Outcome in a Patient with Obstructive Sleep Apnea?

As the anesthesiologist in charge, I was kept informed of all complications in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Most, when investigated, were isolated incidents and not systemic PACU deficiencies. However, over a few weeks last January, a man was found with an oxygen saturation of 89 % requiring opioid reversal and then a woman had a full respiratory arrest resulting in reintubation. Three similar cases in February set all of us on edge. With some detective work and analysis, one commonality was discovered: All carried a preoperative diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Was this coincidence or connection? The department chairman wisely asked me to look into the issue and to suggest solutions. My mission was to decide whether patients with OSA should be treated differently in the PACU and to implement new policies to improve patient safety (and not unduly utilize resources).
Impaired STING Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma U2OS Cells Contributes to the Growth of ICP0-Null Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus

Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a widespread pathogen, with 80% of the population being latently infected. To successfully evade the host, the virus has evolved strategies to counteract antiviral responses, including the gene-silencing and innate immunity machineries. The immediately early protein of the virus, infected cell protein 0 (ICP0), plays a central role in these processes. ICP0 blocks innate immunity, and one mechanism is by degrading hostile factors with its intrinsic E3 ligase activity. ICP0 also functions as a promiscuous transactivator, and it blocks repressor complexes to enable viral gene transcription. For these reasons, the growth of a ΔICP0 virus is impaired in most cells, except cells of the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS, and it is only partially impaired in cells of the human osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2. We found that the two human osteosarcoma cell lines that supported the growth of the ΔICP0 virus failed to activate innate immune responses upon treatment with 2'3'-cyclic GAMP (2'3'-cGAMP), the natural agonist of STING (i.e., stimulator of interferon genes) or after infection with the ΔICP0 mutant virus. Innate immune responses were restored in these cells by transient expression of the STING protein but not after overexpression of interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16). Restoration of STING expression resulted in suppression of ΔICP0 virus gene expression and a decrease in viral yields. Overexpression of IFI16 also suppressed ΔICP0 virus gene expression, albeit to a lesser extent than STING. These data suggest that the susceptibility of U2OS and Saos-2 cells to the ΔICP0 HSV-1 is in part due to an impaired STING pathway.IMPORTANCE The DNA sensor STING plays pivotal role in controlling HSV-1 infection both in cell culture and in mice. The HSV-1 genome encodes numerous proteins that are dedicated to combat host antiviral responses. The immediate early protein of the virus ICP0 plays major role in this process as it targets hostile host proteins for degradation with its E3 ligase activity, and it disrupts repressor complexes via protein-protein interaction to enable viral gene transcription. Therefore, the ΔICP0 HSV-1 virus is defective for growth in most cells, except the human osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and Saos-2. We found that both cell lines that support ΔICP0 virus infection have defects in the STING DNA-sensing pathway, which partially accounts for the rescue of the ΔICP0 virus growth. Restoration of STING expression in these cells rescued innate immunity and suppressed ΔICP0 virus infection. This study underscores the importance of STING in the control of HSV-1.
Politically Motivated Selective Exposure and Perceived Media Bias

If the individuals who are most likely to perceive media bias no longer encounter, via selective exposure, media content they might consider biased, why are perceptions of media bias so pervasive? ...
Apolipoprotein C-III inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis by GPIHBP1-bound LPL

ApoC-III is often assumed to retard the intravascular processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) by inhibiting LPL, but that view is based largely on studies of free LPL. We now recognize that intravascular LPL is neither free nor loosely bound, but instead is tightly bound to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored HDL-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) on endothelial cells. Here, we revisited the effects of apoC-III on LPL, focusing on apoC-IIIŉs capacity to affect the activity of GPIHBP1-bound LPL. We found that TRLs from APOC3 transgenic mice bound normally to GPIHBP1-bound LPL on cultured cells in vitro and to heart capillaries in vivo. However, the triglycerides in apoC-III–enriched TRLs were hydrolyzed more slowly by free LPL, and the inhibitory effect of apoC-III on triglyceride lipolysis was exaggerated when LPL was bound to GPIHBP1 on the surface of agarose beads. Also, recombinant apoC-III reduced triglyceride hydrolysis by free LPL only modestly, but the inhibitory effect was greater when the LPL was bound to GPIHBP1. A mutant apoC-III associated with low plasma triglyceride levels (p.A23T) displayed a reduced capacity to inhibit free and GPIHBP1-bound LPL. Our results show that apoC-III potently inhibits triglyceride hydrolysis when LPL is bound to GPIHBP1.
Predicting Sexual Assault Perpetration in the U.S. Army Using Administrative Data.

Introduction The Department of Defense uses a universal prevention framework for sexual assault prevention, with each branch implementing its own branch-wide programs. Intensive interventions exist, but would be cost effective only if targeted at high-risk personnel. This study developed actuarial models to identify male U.S. Army soldiers at high risk of administratively recorded sexual assault perpetration. Methods This study investigated administratively recorded sexual assault perpetration among the 821,807 male Army soldiers serving 2004–2009. Administrative data were also used to operationalize the predictors. Penalized discrete-time (person-month) survival analysis (conducted in 2016) was used to select the smallest possible number of stable predictors to maximize number of sexual assaults among the 5% of soldiers with highest predicted risk of perpetration (top-ventile concentration of risk). Separate models were developed for assaults against non-family and intra-family adults and minors. Results There were 4,640 male soldiers found to be perpetrators against non-family adults, 1,384 against non-family minors, 380 against intra-family adults, and 335 against intra-family minors. Top-ventile concentration of risk was 16.2%–20.2% predicting perpetration against non-family adults and minors and 34.2%–65.1% against intra-family adults and minors. Final predictors consisted largely of measures of prior crime involvement and the presence and treatment of mental disorders. Conclusions Administrative data can be used to develop actuarial models that identify a high proportion of sexual assault perpetrators. If a system is developed to consolidate administrative predictors routinely, then predictions could be generated periodically to identify those in need of preventive intervention. Whether this would be cost effective, though, would depend on intervention costs, effectiveness, and competing risks.
The role of surface charge convection in the electrohydrodynamics and breakup of prolate drops

The deformation of a weakly conducting, ‘leaky dielectric’, drop in a density matched, immiscible weakly conducting medium under a uniform direct current (DC) electric field is quantified computationally. We exclusively consider prolate drops, for which the drop elongates in the direction of the applied field. Furthermore, for the majority of this study, we assume the drop and medium to have equal viscosities. Using axisymmetric boundary integral computations, we delineate drop deformation and breakup regimes in the parameter space, where is the electric capillary number (ratio of the electric to capillary stresses); and is the electric Reynolds number (ratio of charge relaxation to flow time scales), which characterizes the strength of surface charge convection along the interface. For so-called ‘prolate A’ drops, where the surface charge is convected towards the ‘poles’ of the drop, we demonstrate that increasing reduces the critical capillary number for breakup. Moreover, surface charge convection is the cause of an abrupt transition in the breakup mode of a drop from end pinching, where the drop elongates and develops bulbs at its ends that eventually detach, to a breakup mode characterized by the formation of conical ends. On the contrary, the deformation of ‘prolate B’ drops, where the surface charge is convected away from the poles, is essentially unaffected by the magnitude of .
Toward De/Postcolonial Autoethnography: Critical Relationality With the Academic Second Persona:

Doing autoethnography simultaneously empowers and colonizes me, my lived experiences, my sense-making, my writing, and my sense of being. I find my heart feeling energized and displaced. In this essay, I engage this feeling critically with hope to further theorize autoethnography as a de/postcolonial research practice for me. With this goal in mind, I discuss the academic second persona and its potential colonial implications on the “auto,” the “ethno,” and the “graphy” of autoethnography while these three components are inseparable in an act of doing autoethnography. This essay addresses the critical relationships between autoethnographers and the academic second persona while envisioning and laboring toward de/postcolonial autoethnography. Autoethnographers work with/within/against those relationships. Becoming a de/postcolonial autoethnographer does not signify the complete departure from the relationality. It marks a pledge or commitment for our continuous self-reflexive labor to interrogate, become m...
Micro-light-emitting diodes with III–nitride tunnel junction contacts grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

This work was funded by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) Technology Innovations Center (TIC) program and the KACST-KAUST-UCSB Solid State Lighting Program. A portion of this work was carried out in the UCSB nanofabrication facility, which is part of the NSF NNIN network (ECS-0335765), as well as the UCSB MRL, which is supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation under Award No. DMR 1121053. D.H. was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144085. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Tom Mates for his assistance with SIMS.
Random Variables and Probability Distributions

Following our discussion of probability, this chapter is devoted to random variables and their probability distributions. Understanding random variables is crucial for performing statistical inference, which is discussed in the following chapters. In this chapter, we first talk about defining random variables for some underlying random events (discussed in the previous chapter). For each random variable, we assume a probability distribution, which determines the possible values of the random variable and their corresponding probabilities. The appropriate probability distribution we choose for a random variable depends on its type. We divide random variables into discrete and continuous based on the type values they take and whether these values are countable. We then talk about some commonly used discrete and continuous probability distributions.
Can bone-regulating hormones and nutrients help characterize the metabolically healthy obese phenotype:

Background:Bone-regulating hormones and nutrients play an important role in influencing metabolic health.Aim:The aim of this study was to determine whether bone-regulating hormones and nutrients, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and magnesium (Mg) could be used to characterize the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype.Methods:This study included 27 overweight or obese participants (14 men/13 women) classified as MHO (n = 14) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) (n = 13) based on the presence or absence of metabolic abnormalities, determined by percentage body fat, percentage trunk fat, and waist circumference. Biochemical (serum concentrations of hormones and cytokines such as PTH, 25OHD, ionized Mg (iMg), cytokines, lipids, glycemic indices), physiological (percentage body fat, percentage trunk fat, blood pressure (BP)), and dietary intake (Mg intake, calcium intake) measurements were obtained.Results:Serum PTH concentrations were significantly lower (p = 0.005) in ...
On the Interplay Between Nonparametric and Parametric IRT, with Some Thoughts About the Future

This chapter reviews some of the important research in nonparametric and parametric item response theory (IRT) today, and considers some current measurement challenges in education and cognitive psychology. This leads to assessment models that do not look very much like today’s IRT models, but for which the tools and conceptual framework of nonparametric and parametric IRT are still quite well suited.
The Taxman Game

Want to know how to beat the taxman? Legally, that is? Read on, and we will explore this cute little mathematical game. The taxman game is a “golden oldie” computer game. It has been used as an exercise in introductory programming classes and in books on recreational computing since time immemorial. (Well, at least since the 1970s. I haven’t been able to determine who invented it or when.) Here’s how to play: you start with a pot consisting of all the positive integers up to some chosen limit, N . You take one, and the taxman gets all the others that divide it evenly. The number you picked is added to your score, and the numbers the taxman got are added to his score. This process is repeated until there’s nothing left in the pot. What makes the game interesting is that the taxman has to get something on every turn, so you can’t pick a number that has no divisors left. And when none of the numbers remaining in the pot have any divisors left, the taxman gets them all! The game is pretty easy to program on a computer, and if programming is one of your skills, you might want to pause now to do so and play a few games, just to get the hang of it. Right now we’ll demo a couple of example games with N = 10 to show you how it goes. First, a game where we try to win by always taking the largest number in the pot.