cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A recurrence relation for characters of highest weight integrable modules for affine Lie algebras

Using certain results for the vertex operator algebras associated with affine Lie algebras, we obtain recurrence relations for the characters of integrable highest weight irreducible modules for an affine Lie algebra. As an application we show that in the simply-laced level 1 case, these recurrence relations give the known characters, whose principal specializations naturally give rise to some multisum Macdonald identities.
AAV-mediated gene transfer for hemophilia.

The goal of our work has been to establish an experimental basis for gene transfer as a method of treating hemophilia, an inherited bleeding disorder that results from the absence of functional factor VIII or factor IX. Using an adeno-associated viral vector derived from AAV serotype 2, we have shown in mice and in hemophilic dogs that we can achieve long-term expression (>3 years) of clotting factor at levels that would result in an improvement of clinical symptoms of the disease. A phase I trial of intramuscular injection of AAV-F.IX showed no evidence of local or systemic toxicity in any of the subjects. Muscle biopsies showed evidence for gene transfer and expression by polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot, and immunohistochemistry. We have also shown that AAV-F.IX can be delivered into the portal veins of hemophilic dogs and that this results in high circulating levels of factor IX, on the order of 5% to 14%, whereas delivery of similar doses to skeletal muscle results in factor levels of only 1% to 2%. Based on these results, a trial of AAV-mediated liver-directed gene transfer for hemophilia B has been proposed and is reviewed here.
Leverage and the Complexity of Takeovers

There is scant empirical evidence on how the leverage of target firms affects gains to their shareholders, although there are several widely cited economic theories offered in the literature. The limited available evidence shows that shareholders of targets with greater leverage experience higher returns. However, even this observed effect of debt on takeovers cannot be distinguished from a mere mechanical pure leveraging effect, leaving the economic explanations untested. Consequently, we adopt an alternative approach here to examine if targets’ debt truly matters in takeovers. We report that acquisition processes involving targets with higher leverage tend to be significantly more complex in several ways. We find that such acquisitions tend to take a longer time to consume, are more likely to be associated with multiple bidder auctions, and experience greater revisions in offer prices. Finally, we find that factors that make takeovers more complex also lead to greater target gains.
Iron(III) tosylate catalyzed acylation of alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes

Abstract Iron(III) p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) is an efficient catalyst for acetylation of alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes. The acetylation of 1° and 2° alcohols, diols, and phenols proceeded smoothly with 2.0 mol % of catalyst. However, the reaction worked well with only a few 3° alcohols. The methodology was also applicable to the synthesis of a few benzoate esters but required the use of 5.0 mol % catalyst. Aldehydes could also be converted into the corresponding 1,1-diesters (acylals) under the reaction conditions. Iron(III) tosylate is an inexpensive, and easy to handle, commercially available catalyst.
Parallel exact inference on the Cell Broadband Engine processor

We present the design and implementation of a parallel exact inference algorithm on the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) processor, a heterogeneous multicore architecture. Exact inference is a key problem in exploring probabilistic graphical models, where the computation complexity increases dramatically with the network structure and clique size. In this paper, we exploit parallelism in exact inference at multiple levels. We propose a rerooting method to minimize the critical path for exact inference, and an efficient scheduler to dynamically allocate SPEs. In addition, we explore potential table representation and layout to optimize DMA transfer between local store and main memory. We implemented the proposed method and conducted experiments on the Cell BE processor in the IBM QS20 Blade. We achieved speedup up to 10 x on the Cell, compared to state-of-the-art processors. The methodology proposed in this paper can be used for online scheduling of directed acyclic graph (DAG) structured computations.
Noninteracting control for multivariable sampled data systems: transform method design of decoupling controllers

Abstract Methods are presented for designing noninteracting controllers for linear multivariable sampled data systems. The two particular cases considered are as follows: (1) The feedback signal is sampled, but continuous controllers are used. (2) Digital controllers are utilized. The methods are based upon transform analysis of sampled data systems. The design procedures facilitate the selection of physically realizable controllers and allow suitable overall system response. For the first case, dy- namic decoupling is assured not only at the sampling instants but at all times. For the second case, dynamic decoupling is assured only at the sampling instants. It is shown, however, that this is a general result when using digital decouplers and is not particular to the proposed method.
Predictive Control of a Munition Using Low-Speed Linear Theory

CDD = fin cant rolling aerodynamic coefficient CLL, CMM, CNN = roll, pitch, and yaw control aerodynamic coefficients CLP, CMQ, CNR = roll, pitch, and yaw damping aerodynamic coefficients Cmax = pitch and yaw control limit CNA = normal force aerodynamic coefficient Cx0 = zero yaw drag aerodynamic coefficient Cx2 = yaw squared drag aerodynamic coefficient D = reference diameter e = impact-error vector emax = impact-error stopping criterion g = gravitational constant I = munition inertia matrix IXX , IYY , IZZ = moments of inertia IXY , IYZ, IXZ = products of inertia K = predictive control gain matrix kmax = control iteration limit ~ L, ~ M, ~ N = external moments in the nonrolling frame ~ LA, ~ MA, ~ NA = aerodynamic moments in the nonrolling frame ~ LC, ~ MC, ~ NC = control moments in the nonrolling frame ~ LUA, ~ MUA, ~ NUA = unsteady aerodynamic moments in the nonrolling frame m = mass ~ p, ~ q, ~ r = angular velocity components in the nonrolling frame R AX = distance from the mass center to the aerodynamic center along the station line. s = nondimensional arc length ~ u, ~ v, ~ w = velocity components in the nonrolling frame ~ uw, ~ vw, ~ ww = wind velocity components in the nonrolling frame V = total velocity Vx, Vz = longitudinal velocity components ~ w0, ~ q0, 0 = vertical velocity, pitch rate, and pitch in nonrolling frame at the beginning of an update interval x, y, z = inertial positions of the mass center ~ X, ~ Y, ~ Z = external forces in the nonrolling frame ~ XA, ~ YA, ~ ZA = aerodynamic forces in the nonrolling frame ~ XW , ~ YW , ~ ZW = weight in the nonrolling frame xI , yI , zI = predicted-impact position components xT , yT , zT = target position components , = aerodynamic angle of attack and side slip , 1, 1 = longitudinal equation’s pole, real, and imaginary components = atmospheric density 2, 2 = lateral equation’s real and imaginary components , , = Euler roll, pitch, and yaw angles
Narcissism in Management Education

Narcissism levels in U.S. college students have steadily risen over the past 25 years (Twenge, Konrath, Foster, Campbell, & Bushman, 2008), and these increases may be even more pronounced among bus...
On transition multimeasures with values in a Banach space

The theory of multimeasures (set valued measures), has its origins in mathematical economics and in particular in equilibrium theory for exchange economies with production, in which the coalitions and not the individual agents are the basic economic units (see Vind [25] and Hildenbrand [15]). Since then the subject of multimeasures has been developed extensively. Important contributions were made, among others, by Artstein [1], Coste [8], [9], Coste and Pallu de la Barriere [10], Drewnowski [12], Godet-Thobie [13], Hiai [14] and Pallu de la Barriere [17]. Further applications in mathematical economics can be found in Klein and Thompson [16] and Papageorgiou [19].
Learning Causal Patterns: Making a Transition from Data-Driven to Theory-Driven Learning

We describe an incremental learning algorithm, called theory-driven learning, that creates rules to predict the effect of actions. Theory-driven learning exploits knowledge of regularities among rules to constrain learning. We demonstrate that this knowledge enables the learning system to rapidly converge on accurate predictive rules and to tolerate more complex training data. An algorithm for incrementally learning these regularities is described and we provide evidence that the resulting regularities are sufficiently generally to facilitate learning in new domains. The results demonstrate that transfer from one domain to another can be achieved by deliberately overgeneralizing rules in one domain and biasing the learning algorithm to create new rules that specialize these overgeneralizations in other domains.
Extremal Domains for Self-Commutators in the Bergman Space

In Olsen and Reguera ( arXiv:1305.5193v1 , 2013), the authors have shown that Putnam’s inequality for the norm of self-commutators can be improved by a factor of $$\frac{1}{2}$$ for Toeplitz operators with analytic symbol $$\varphi $$ acting on the Bergman space $$A^{2}(\Omega )$$ . This improved upper bound is sharp when $$\varphi (\Omega )$$ is a disk. In this paper we show that disks are the only domains for which the upper bound is attained.
Efficient distributed algorithms for single-source shortest paths and related problems on plane networks

An efficient distributed algorithm is given for computing single-source shortest paths in an asynchronous planar network. The algorithm has message and time complexityO(pn) on ann-node network, wherep is the smallest number of faces needed to cover all the nodes, taken over all possible plane embeddings of the network. Each node has only local information about the network, consisting of an ordered list of its incident edges in the embedding that realizesp and the name of the covering face that it belongs to. The complexity of the algorithm ranges fromO(n) toO(n 2) asp ranges from 1 to Θ(n). The algorithm is more efficient than previous algorithms [A3], [F1] for a broad range of values forp; however, the algorithms in [A3] and [F1] do not require knowledge about the embedding. The single-source algorithm incorporates optimal distributed solutions to a number of interesting subproblems including: (i) decomposing the plane embedding into Θ(p) outerplane graphs with favorable properties; (ii) a single-source algorithm for outerplane graphs; and (iii) identifying any edge in an outerplane graph whose cost exceeds the distance between its endpoints. As an application, a communication-, time-, and space-efficient message-routing scheme is presented which adapts to changing link conditions and routes along near-shortest paths.
Self-reciprocal functions, powers of the Riemann zeta function and modular-type transformations

Abstract Integrals containing the first power of the Riemann Ξ-function as part of the integrand that lead to modular-type transformations have been previously studied by Ramanujan, Hardy, Koshlyakov, Ferrar and others. An integral containing the square of the Riemann Ξ-function and involving an extra parameter z, whose type naturally extends that of the afore-mentioned integrals, was studied by Ramanujan. This integral implicitly involves squaring of the functional equation of ζ ( s ) . A unifying procedure to analyze general integrals of this type is studied here along with the interesting modular transformations that they generate. This also includes generalization of some transformations of Koshlyakov involving a series containing the modified Bessel function K 0 ( x ) .
The derivation of cloud parameters from satellite-measured radiances for use in surface radiation calculations

A simple scheme is developed for calculating the cloud amount, optical thickness, and height from satellite-measured radiances and is applied to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project B3 radiance data to compute the surface radiative fluxes over the tropical and subtropical western Pacific regions for July 1983, using a radiative transfer model. Results are presented on the sensitivity of surface radiation to the cloud scheme. In addition, the validity of an empirical relationship between the solar fluxes at the surface and at the top of the atmosphere is examined.
Martian doublet craters

Monte Carlo cratering simulation model to show nonrandomness of formation of Mars tangential meteorite craters
A lattice universe from M-theory

Abstract A recent paper on the large-scale structure of the Universe presented evidence for a rectangular three-dimensional lattice of galaxy superclusters and voids, with lattice spacing ∼120 Mpc, and called for some “hitherto unknown process” to explain it. Here we report that a rectangular three-dimensional lattice of intersecting domain walls, with arbitrary spacing, emerges naturally as a classical solution of M-theory.
Electricity Futures Prices in an Emissions Constrained Economy: Evidence from European Power Markets

We investigate the economic factors that drive electricity risk premia in the European emissions constrained economy. Our analysis is undertaken for monthly baseload electricity futures for delivery in the Nordic, French and British power markets. We find that electricity risk premia are significantly related to the volatility of electricity spot prices, demand and revenues, and the price volatility of the carbon dioxide (CO2) futures traded under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). This finding has significant implications for the pricing of electricity futures since it highlights for the first time the role of carbon market uncertainties as a main determinant of the relationship between spot and futures electricity prices in Europe. Our results also suggest that for the electricity markets under scrutiny futures prices are determined rationally by risk-averse economic agents.
Curve Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles with Rigidly Mounted Range Sensors

In this paper, we present feedback control laws for an autonomous vehicle with rigidly mounted range sensors to track a desired curve. In particular, we consider a vehicle that has a group of rays around two center rays that are perpendicular to the velocity of the vehicle. Under such a sensor configuration, singularities are bound to occur in the curve tracking feedback control law when tracking concave curves. To overcome this singularity, we derive a hybrid strategy of switching between control laws when the vehicle gets close to singularities. Rigorous proof and extensive simulation results verify the validity of the proposed feedback control law.
Spectropolarimetric Observations of Herbig Ae/Be Stars. I. HiVIS Spectropolarimetric Calibration and Reduction Techniques

Using the High-Resolution Visible Spectrograph (HiVIS) spectropolarimeter built for the Haleakala 3.7 m Advanced Electro-optical System (AEOS) telescope in Hawaii, we are collecting a large number of high precision spectropolarimetric observations of stars. In order to precisely measure very small polarization changes, we have performed a number of polarization calibration techniques on the AEOS telescope and HiVIS spectrograph. We have extended our dedicated IDL reduction package and have performed some hardware upgrades to the instrument. We have also used the ESPaDOnS spectropolarimeter on CFHT to verify the HiVIS results with back-to-back observations of MWC 361 and HD 163296. Comparison of this and other HiVIS data with stellar observations from the Intermediate-dispersion Spectroscopic and Imaging System (ISIS) and William-Wehlau (WW) spectropolarimeters in the literature further shows the usefulness of this instrument.
Reliability and Validity of the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire Administered by Telephone

Effective, economical, and reliable means of screening subjects for cognitive impairment when personal contact is not feasible could facilitate epidemiologic studies and longitudinal assessment. The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) is a 10-item examination that has been found reliable and valid in distinguishing demented subjects from cognitively intact subjects when given face to face. The current study assessed the utility of a telephone version of the SPMSQ in patients evaluated in an outpatient geriatric assessment program. Mean scores for both test versions decreased with dementia severity and correlated significantly. Mean score differences between the two versions were not affected by reports of hearing impairment or the time interval between test administration. Both test versions correlated significantly with the Mini-Mental State Examination. In distinguishing demented from nondemented subjects, sensitivity and specificity were .74 and .79 for the telephone test and .74 and .91 for the face-to-face test, respectively.
Parallel algorithms for term matching

We present a new randomized parallel algorithm for term matching. Let n be the number of nodes of the directed acyclic graphs (dags) representing the terms to be matched, then our algorithm uses O(log2n) parallel time and M(n) processors, where M(n) is the complexity of n by n matrix multiplication. The number of processors is a significant improvement over previously known bounds. Under various syntactic restrictions on the form of the input dags only O(n2) processors are required in order to achieve deterministic O(log2n) parallel time. Furthermore, we reduce directed graph reachability to term matching using constant parallel time and O(n2) processors. This is strong evidence that in practice, taking M(n) to be n3, no deterministic algorithm can beat the processor bound of our randomized algorithm. We also improve the lower bound of [DKM] on the unification problem. We show that unification is logspace-complete in PTIME even if both input terms are linear, i.e., no variable appears more than once in each term.
Entry and return times distribution

This paper reviews recent progress that has been made in the study of return times distribution. We discuss recent results on the first return time for systems with various mixing properties and then distribution results for higher order returns. We survey different techniques that have been used to obtain limiting results for higher order returns such as the moment method, the Chen–Stein method and total variation method. We also cover results that look at the limiting distribution at periodic points. Finally, we also look at the connection to recurrence times and results of the kind proven by Ornstein and Weiss two decades ago. Only positive entropy systems are considered.
Generalized neutrino mixing from the atmospheric anomaly

Abstract We determine the neutrino mixing and mass parameters that are allowed by the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino data in a three-neutrino model with one mass-squared difference contributing to the oscillations. We find that although ν μ → ν τ oscillations are favored, ν μ → ν e oscillations with amplitude as large as 0.18 are allowed even after accounting for the limit from the CHOOZ reactor experiment. The range of allowed parameters permit observable ν μ ↔ ν e and ν e → ν τ oscillations in future long-baseline experiments.
Intervention Research in Social Work

AbstractThis article examines the role and importance of intervention research in social work, namely to induce change to intentionally isolate or eradicate risk factors, activate and mobilise protective factors, reduce or eradicate harm, or introduce betterment beyond harm eradication. Intervention research is the main tool to support social work in understanding the outcomes of its interventions. This article outlines core components of the intervention research process. It elaborates on some of the serious challenges in intervention research. It concludes that to a certain extent, intervention research is a matter of life and death for the social work profession; understanding the effects of social work interventions is of monumental importance to the social work profession; intervention research is the most important purveyor of evidence on how social work interventions work; and intervention research is a very complex, costly, and time-consuming enterprise that is replete with challenges.
Prediction of Gas Turbine On- and Off-Design Performance When Firing Coal-Derived Syngas

This paper describes a procedure used to model the performance of gas turbines designed to fire natural gas (or distillate oil) when fired on medium-Btu fuel, such as coal-derived syngas. Results from such performance studies can be used n the design or analysis of Gasification Combined Cycle (GCC) power plants. The primary difficulty when firing syngas in a gas turbine designed for natural gas is the tendency to drive the compressor toward surge. If the gas turbine has sufficient surge margin and mechanical durability, Gas Turbine Evaluation code (GATE) simulations indicated that net output power can be increased on the order of 15 percent when firing syngas due to the advantageous increase in the ratio of the expander-to-compressor mass flow rates. Three classes of single-spool utility gas turbines are investigated spanning firing temperatures form 1985{degrees}F-2500{degrees}F (1358 K-1644 K). Performance simulations at a variety of part-load and ambient temperature conditions are described; the resulting performance curves are useful in GCC power plant studies.
Pentaquark searches at FOCUS

The authors find no evidence for high-energy photoproduction of pentaquarks at 1540 MeV/c{sup 2}, 1862 MeV/c{sup 2}, or 3099 MeV/c{sup 2} using decay modes pK{sub S}{sup 0}, {Xi}{sub -}{pi}{sup -}, and D{sup (*)-}p, respectively.
Mapping the inputs, analyses, and outputs of biobank research systems to identify sources of incidental findings and individual research results for potential return to participants

Progress in the debate over returning incidental findings (IFs) and individual research results (IRRs) to research participants who provide specimens and data to biobanks in genetic and genomic research requires a new tool to allow comparison across heterogeneous biobank research systems and in-depth analysis of the sources and types of findings generated for potential return. This article presents a new visual mapping tool to allow systematic and standardized depiction of (i) the specimens initially collected, (ii) the materials and data sets then created, (iii) the analyses then performed, and finally (iv) the genetic and genomic results generated, including potential IFs and IRRs. For any individual biobank research system, this sequence of four maps can be created to anticipate the sources and types of IFs and IRRs to be generated, to plan how to handle them, and then to manage them responsibly over time. We discuss how this four-map tool was created and describe its application to four national biobank systems, thereby demonstrating that this tool can provide a common platform to visualize biobank content, anticipate how IFs and IRRs will arise in a biobank research context, and inform policy development. Genet Med 2012:14(4):385–392
AdS2 models in an embedding superspace

Abstract An embedding superspace, whose bosonic part is the flat (2+1)-dimensional embedding space for AdS2, is introduced. Superfields and several supersymmetric models are examined in the embedded AdS2 superspace.
A Snapshot Survey for Gravitational Lenses among z>=4.0 Quasars. I. The z>5.7 Sample

Over the last few years, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has discovered several hundred quasars with redshift between 4.0 and 6.4. Including the effects of magnification bias, one expects a priori that an appreciable fraction of these objects are gravitationally lensed. We have used the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope to carry out a snapshot imaging survey of high-redshift SDSS quasars to search for gravitationally split lenses. This paper, the first in a series reporting the results of the survey, describes snapshot observations of four quasars at z = 5.74, 5.82, 5.99, and 6.30, respectively. We find that none of these objects has a lensed companion within 5 mag with a separation larger than 03; within 2.5 mag we can rule out companions within 01. Based on the nondetection of strong lensing in these four systems, we constrain the z ~ 6 luminosity function to a slope of β > -4.63 (3 σ), assuming a break in the quasar luminosity function at M = -24.1. We discuss the implications of this constraint on the ionizing background due to quasars in the early universe. Given that these quasars are not highly magnified, estimates of the masses of their central engines by the Eddington argument must be taken seriously, possibly challenging models of black hole formation.
Weak measurement and Bohmian conditional wave functions

Abstract It was recently pointed out and demonstrated experimentally by Lundeen et al. that the wave function of a particle (more precisely, the wave function possessed by each member of an ensemble of identically-prepared particles) can be “directly measured” using weak measurement. Here it is shown that if this same technique is applied, with appropriate post-selection, to one particle from a perhaps entangled multi-particle system, the result is precisely the so-called “conditional wave function” of Bohmian mechanics. Thus, a plausibly operationalist method for defining the wave function of a quantum mechanical sub-system corresponds to the natural definition of a sub-system wave function which Bohmian mechanics uniquely makes possible. Similarly, a weak-measurement-based procedure for directly measuring a sub-system’s density matrix should yield, under appropriate circumstances, the Bohmian “conditional density matrix” as opposed to the standard reduced density matrix. Experimental arrangements to demonstrate this behavior–and also thereby reveal the non-local dependence of sub-system state functions on distant interventions–are suggested and discussed.
A subject-content oriented retriever for processing information on-line (SCORPIO)

Traditional obstacles to the development of on-line software for library/information center functions are overcome in the design and implementation of SCORPIO, an on-line information retrieval system developed at the Library of Congress, through the use of an "elastic" data base architecture, the phased development of reusable/disposable software, and the design of an open-ended, non-technical retrieval language. The data base architecture allows arbitrarily large files with no limit on the size of individual records. Software is developed in short time intervals to minimize investment and maintain customer interest; and the software itself is isolated from environmental factors most subject to change. The retrieval language is nontechnical and system responses are people-oriented.
Are complete intersections complete intersections

Abstract A commutative local ring is generally defined to be a complete intersection if its completion is isomorphic to the quotient of a regular local ring by an ideal generated by a regular sequence. It has not previously been determined whether or not such a ring is necessarily itself the quotient of a regular ring by an ideal generated by a regular sequence. In this article, it is shown that if a complete intersection is a one dimensional integral domain, then it is such a quotient. However, an example is produced of a three dimensional complete intersection domain which is not a homomorphic image of a regular local ring, and so the property does not hold in general.
Competition in the Courtroom: When Does Expert Testimony Improve Jurors’ Decisions?

Many scholars lament the increasing complexity of jury trials and question whether the testimony of competing experts helps unsophisticated jurors to make informed decisions. In this article, we analyze experimentally the effects that the testimony of competing experts has on (1) sophisticated versus unsophisticated subjects' decisions and (2) subjects' decisions on difficult versus easy problems. Our results demonstrate that competing expert testimony, by itself, does not help unsophisticated subjects to behave as though they are sophisticated, nor does it help subjects make comparable decisions on difficult and easy problems. When we impose additional institutions (such as penalties for lying or a threat of verification) on the competing experts, we observe such dramatic improvements in unsophisticated subjects' decisions that the gap between their decisions and those of sophisticated subjects closes. We find similar results when the competing experts exchange reasons for why their statements may be correct. However, additional institutions and the experts' exchange of reasons are less effective at closing the gap between subjects' decisions on difficult versus easy problems.
AGM-consistency and perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Part I: definition and properties

We provide a general notion of perfect Bayesian equilibrium which can be applied to arbitrary extensive-form games and is intermediate between subgame-perfect equilibrium and sequential equilibrium. The essential ingredient of the proposed definition is the qualitative notion of AGM-consistency, which has an epistemic justification based on the theory of belief revision introduced by Alchourron, Gardenfors and Makinson. AGM-consistency is a generalization of the notion of consistency introduced by Kreps and Wilson as part of the definition of sequential equilibrium.
Three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs

Abstract Let K denote a field of characteristic 0 and let V denote a vector space over K with positive finite dimension. Consider an ordered pair of linear transformations A : V → V and A∗ : V → V that satisfies both conditions below: (i) There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A is diagonal and the matrix representing A∗ is irreducible tridiagonal. (ii) There exists a basis for V with respect to which the matrix representing A∗ is diagonal and the matrix representing A is irreducible tridiagonal. We call such a pair a Leonard pair on V. Let (A, A∗) denote a Leonard pair on V. A basis for V is said to be standard for (A, A∗) whenever it satisfies (i) or (ii) above. A basis for V is said to be split for (A, A∗) whenever with respect to this basis the matrix representing one of A, A∗ is lower bidiagonal and the matrix representing the other is upper bidiagonal. Let (A, A∗) and (B, B∗) denote Leonard pairs on V. We say these pairs are adjacent whenever each basis for V which is standard for (A, A∗) (resp. (B, B∗)) is split for (B, B∗) (resp. (A, A∗)). Our main results are as follows. Theorem 1 There exist at most 3 mutually adjacent Leonard pairs on V provided the dimension of V is at least 2. Theorem 2 Let (A, A∗), (B, B∗), and (C, C∗) denote three mutually adjacent Leonard pairs on V. Then for each of these pairs, the eigenvalue sequence and dual eigenvalue sequence are in arithmetic progression. Theorem 3 Let (A, A∗) denote a Leonard pair on V whose eigenvalue sequence and dual eigenvalue sequence are in arithmetic progression. Then there exist Leonard pairs (B, B∗) and (C, C∗) on V such that (A, A∗), (B, B∗), and (C, C∗) are mutually adjacent.
Conversion of Biorenewable Feedstocks: New Challenges in Heterogeneous Catalysis

For biorenewable feedstocks to serve as a significant source of chemicals and/or fuels, the development of new chemical processes as well as biological processes will be required. However, the conversion of biorenewable feedstocks with heterogeneous catalyst-based processes provides new challenges in inorganic catalyst research and development relative to historical work with petrochemical feedstocks. These catalyst and process challenges include the need to convert highly functionalized molecules with high selectivity, to develop stable catalytic liquid−solid interfaces in which the liquid phase is commonly aqueous, to control solvent phase effects and to develop novel reaction systems. While some of these challenges will be addressed using novel catalytic materials, others will need to be overcome through design of new catalytic reaction systems. Examples of emerging research results demonstrating unique approaches that have been taken to begin to address the efficient conversion of biorenewable feedsto...
The disappointing adoption dynamics of a yield-increasing, low external-input technology: the case of SRI in Madagascar

Abstract Low external-input agricultural technologies are commonly developed for and promoted in poor rural areas of the developing world because they are presumably more appropriate for farmers who may not have the access or ability to adopt methods requiring significant purchased inputs. The System of Rice Intensification (SRI), a low external-input (LEI) technology, has received a fair amount of attention in recent years both in and outside of Madagascar, where remarkable yield increases have been achieved in a country where most farmers are unable to grow enough rice to feed their families. Despite its promise, we find that SRI is difficult for most farmers to practise because the method requires significant additional labor input at a time of the year when liquidity is low and labor effort is already high. While SRI may be unique for its dramatic yield increases and relative complexity, the highly seasonal, labor-intensive nature of SRI is common to many LEI technologies, calling into question the common assumption of the appropriateness of such technologies for smallholders.
Kinetics of the bromine catalyzed elimination of HCl from 1,1,1‐trichloroethane

The gas phase kinetics of the bromine catalyzed elimination of HCl from 1,1,1-trichloroethane has been studied over a five fold variation of (CH3CCl3)/(Br2) and from 565 to 634 K. The most important reactions in the mechanism are found to be: The preferred analysis of the kinetic data results in log(k1/M−1 s−1) = 11.3 ± 0.3 − (19.9 ± 1.0) × 103/4.575 T. From these results one calculates the C—H bond dissociation energy in CH3CCl3 to be 103.8 ± 2 kcal mol−1, and the heat of formation of 2,2,2-trichloroethyl to be 17.7 ± 2 kcal mol−1.
First Limits on the 3-200 keV X-Ray Spectrum of the Quiet Sun Using RHESSI

We present the first results using the Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) to observe solar X-ray emission not associated with active regions, sunspots, or flares (the quiet Sun). Using a newly developed chopping technique (fan-beam modulation) during seven periods of offpointing between 2005 June and 2006 October, we obtained upper limits over 3-200 keV for the quietest times when the GOES 12 1-8 A flux fell below 10-8 W m-2. These values are smaller than previous limits in the 17-120 keV range and extend them to both lower and higher energies. The limit in 3-6 keV is consistent with a coronal temperature ≤6 MK. For quiet-Sun periods when the GOES 12 1-8 A background flux was between 10-8 and 10-7 W m-2, the RHESSI 3-6 keV flux correlates to this as a power law, with an index of 1.08 ± 0.13. The power-law correlation for microflares has a steeper index of 1.29 ± 0.06. We also discuss the possibility of observing quiet-Sun X-rays due to solar axions and use the RHESSI quiet-Sun limits to estimate the axion-to-photon coupling constant for two different axion emission scenarios.
On adaptive-grid computations of variable stars

Abstract We show that the use of an implicit adaptive-grid technique is an efficient and up-to-date approach for the calculations of radial oscillations in variable stars. We chose as an illustrative example the radiative envelope of an RR Lyrae variable. For the hydrostatic initial model we compare the Lagrangian ratioed zoning with an adaptive-grid rezoning. We show that the adaptive-grid yields an optimal distribution of the mesh points in the sense that the relevant physical features, the hydrogen and first and second helium ionization zones, are well resolved. For the hydrodynamical evolution we present the full-amplitude model for both the Lagrangian and adaptive-grid computations. We perform a detailed comparison and show that the adaptive-grid method yields limit cycle solutions that are substantially improved over the Lagrangian grid model. This is due to the fact that the Lagrangian mesh sweeps through the ionization zones twice during one oscillation period, whereas the adaptive-mesh resolves them and tracks them continuously. The results are, in particular, smooth radial velocity and light curves. Beyond a physically better defined solution we also observe larger time steps for the convergence towards the limit cycle and for the evolution during one period.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS OF NON-VARIABLE RED AND BLUE FIELD HORIZONTAL BRANCH STARS

We present a new detailed abundance study of field red horizontal branch (RHB) and blue horizontal branch (BHB) non-variable stars. High resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio echelle spectra of 11 RHB and 12 BHB were obtained with the McDonald 2.7 m telescope, and the RHB sample was augmented by reanalysis of spectra of 25 stars from a recent survey. We derived stellar atmospheric parameters based on spectroscopic constraints and computed relative abundance ratios for 24 species of 19 elements. The species include Siii and Caii, which have not been previously studied in RHB and BHB (Teff < 9000 K) stars. The abundance ratios are generally consistent with those of similar-metallicity field stars in different evolutionary stages. We estimated the masses of the RHB and BHB stars by comparing their Teff−logg positions with HB model evolutionary tracks. The mass distribution suggests that our program stars possess masses of ∼0.5 M� . Finally, we compared the temperature distributions of field RHB and BHB stars with field RR Lyraes in the metallicity range −0.8 [Fe/H] −2.5. This yielded effective temperature estimates of 5900 K and 7400 K for the red and blue edges of the RR Lyrae instability strip.
Palladium-catalyzed arylation of electron-rich heterocycles with aryl chlorides.

Palladium-catalyzed C−H activation: cheap aryl chlorides can now be used for the arylation of a wide variety of electron-rich heterocycles. The key to the success of this reaction is the use of a bulky, electron-rich phosphine ligand. No copper additives are needed.
Isotopically controlled semiconductors

A review of recent research involving isotopically controlled semiconductors is presented. Studies with isotopically enriched semiconductor structures experienced a dramatic expansion at the end of the cold war when significant quantities of enriched isotopes of elements forming semiconductors became available for worldwide collaborations. Isotopes of an element differ in nuclear mass, may have different nuclear spins and undergo different nuclear reactions. Among the latter, the capture of thermal neutrons, which can lead to neutron transmutation doping, can be considered the most important one for semiconductors. Experimental and theoretical research exploiting the differences in all the properties has been conducted and will be illustrated with selected examples. Manuel Cardona, the longtime editor-in-chief of solid state communications has been and continues to be one of the major contributors to this field of solid state physics and it is a great pleasure to dedicate this review to him.
Synthesizing executable models of object oriented architectures

The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has mandated the development of architectures to support the acquisition of systems that are interoperable and will meet the needs of military coalitions. This paper provides a general description of an architecting process based on object orientation and UML. It then provides a rationale for style constraints on the use of UML artifacts for representing DoD Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) architectures. Finally the paper describes a mapping between the UML artifacts and an executable model based on colored Petri nets that can be used for logical, behavioral, and performance evaluation of the architecture. A procedure for the conversion is also provided. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 6: 266–300, 2003
Fractional Kramers Equation

We introduce a fractional Kramers equation for a particle interacting with a thermal heat bath and external nonlinear force field. For the force-free case, the velocity damping follows the Mittag−L...
Existence and regularity for a curvature dependent variational problem

It is proved that smooth closed curves of given length minimizing the principal eigenvalue of the Schr\"odinger operator $-\frac{d^2}{ds^2}+\kappa^2$ exist. Here $s$ denotes the arclength and $\kappa$ the curvature. These minimizers are automatically planar, analytic, convex curves. The straight segment, traversed back and forth, is the only possible exception that becomes admissible in a more generalized setting. In proving this, we overcome the difficulty from a lack of coercivity and compactness by a combination of methods.
Nickel-catalyzed, sodium iodide-promoted reductive dimerization of alkyl halides, alkyl pseudohalides, and allylic acetates

The first general method for the reductive dimerization of alkyl halides, alkyl mesylates, alkyl trifluoroacetates, and allylic acetates is reported which proceeds with low catalyst loading (0.5 to 5 mol%), generally high yields (80% ave yield), and good functional-group tolerance.
Study of icing effects on performance and controllability of an accident aircraft

The activities at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field in support of a National Transportation Safety Board accident investigation are described. An icing research tunnel (IRT) test was conducted in January 1998. Most conditions for the test were based on raw and derived data from the flight data recorder recovered from the accident and on the current understanding of the meteorological conditions near the accident. Using a two-dimensional Navier-Stokes code, the flowfield and resultant lift and drag were calculated for the wing section with various ice shapes accreted in the IRT test. Before the final calculations could be performed extensive examinations of geometry smoothing and turbulence modeling were conducted
Recovery of 3-D Motion and Structure by Temporal Fusion

We discuss the problem of recovering the 3-D motion and structure. An algorithm for computing the camera motion and the orientation of planar surface is developed. It solves for the 3-D motion and structure iteratively given two successive image frames. We further improve the solution by solving the ordinary differential equations which describe the evolution of motion and structure over time. The robustness of the entire process is demonstrated by the experiment with a moving camera which "flies" over a terrain model.
Retrograde rotation of the upper atmosphere of Venus.

Abstract From June through September 1970, ultraviolet photographs of Venus, many of very high quality, were obtained by the International Planetary Patrol Program. A study of these photographs, together with some from other observatories, confirms previous reports that there is a retrograde circulation of the upper atmosphere of Venus. The sense of the rotation and its approximate period are determined from the motions of well-defined cloud features on five occasions over intervals of several hours. A distinctive feature similar to the “Y” described by Boyer and Guerin is seen many times over a forty-day interval (June 21 to August 1) and allows a good determination of the rotation period: 4.41 ± 0.02 days retrograde (synodic) or 4.50 days (sidereal). This value differs significantly from other estimates, but applies only to this particular forty-day interval. Apparent changes in the cloud features may be an indication that the circulation of the upper atmosphere of Venus is a complicated, time-dependent phenomenon. A temporal variation of the rotation period (caused perhaps by slight changes in the altitude of the ultraviolet cloud layer) is conceivable, so that exact agreement with other estimates of the period obtained at different times is not necessarily to be expected. Measurements of the latitude variation of the “Y” feature are too few and too uncertain to reveal systematic trends, although a large range (20°) in central latitude is indicated. The previous suggestion that a higher cloud layer may occasionally obscure the ultraviolet markings is consistent with the present observations.
Emission Features and Source Counts of Galaxies in Mid-Infrared

In this work we incorporate the newest ISO results on the mid-infrared spectral-energy-distributions (MIR SEDs) of galaxies into models for the number counts and redshift distributions of MIR surveys.
Cm*: a modular, multi-microprocessor

This paper describes the architecture of a new large multi-processor computer system being built at Carnegie-Mellon University. The system allows close cooperation between large numbers of inexpensive processors. All processors share access to a single virtual memory address space. There are no arbitrary limits on the number of processors, amount of memory or communication bandwidth in the system. Considerable support is provided for low level operating system primitives and inter-process communication.
DIRECTIONAL DETECTION OF DARK MATTER

Direct detection of WIMPs is key to understand the origin and composition of Dark Matter. Among the many experimental techniques available, those providing directional information have the potential of yielding an unambiguous observation of WIMPs even in the presence of insidious backgrounds. A measurement of the distribution of arrival direction of WIMPs can also discriminate between Galactic Dark Matter halo models. Here, we will discuss the motivation for directional detectors and review the experimental techniques used by the various experiments. We will then describe the DMTPC detector in more detail.
Do real wages respond asymmetrically to unemployment shocks? Evidence from the U.S. and Canada

Using a set of cointegration and error correction models with asymmetric adjustment, this paper investigates aggregate labor market adjustment in the U.S. and Canada in the post 1973 period. Empirical results show real wages, productivity, and unemployment are cointegrated. Adjustment toward the long-run equilibrium seems to be linear for the U.S. and non-linear for Canada. The dynamic adjustment of real wages to unemployment and productivity shocks show markedly different responses to positive shocks than negative shocks in Canada. However, adjustment in the U.S. is mostly symmetric. This difference between the U.S. and Canadian real wage responses may provide an answer to the recent divergence of unemployment rates between the U.S. and Canada.
Blaschke products with derivative in function spaces

Let $B$ be a Blaschke product with zeros $\{a_n\}$. If $B' \in A^p_{\alpha}$ for certain $p$ and $\alpha$, it is shown that $\sum_n (1 - |a_n|)^{\beta} < \infty$ for appropriate values of $\beta$. Also, if $\{a_n\}$ is uniformly discrete and if $B' \in H^p$ or $B' \in A^{1+p}$ for any $p \in (0,1)$, it is shown that $\sum_n (1 - |a_n|)^{1-p} < \infty$.