cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO E CULTURA CONTEMPORÂNEA – PESQUISA DAS NOVAS SOCIABILIDADES URBANAS.

O presente ensaio teorico resulta do esforco por uma justificacao filosofica e sociologica para a delimitacao de um novo campo e de estrategias de investigacao da educacao na cultura contemporânea, frente a emergencia de novas formas de sociabilidade, sobretudo, nos grandes centros urbanos. Decorre dos desdobramentos teorico-metodologicos fomentados por uma investigacao em curso, desenvolvida na interface de dois grandes centros urbanos latino-americanos, a saber: Porto Alegre/RS/Brasil e La Plata/BsAs/Argentina, incluido o periodo de formacao dos estudantes/pesquisadores nesta abordagem de pesquisa. Partindo do reconhecimento dos desafios que constituem o campo educacional nos dias de hoje, seja na pesquisa ou na formacao, busca demarcar e explorar a interface entre a antropologia urbana e a educacao, com forte repercussao sobre o campo que se convencionou chamar de Educacao e Comunicacao. Busca dar subsidios teorico-metodologicos aqueles que se ocupam de pesquisar as praticas educativas das/nas grandes cidades, mormente aquelas que implicam as novas tecnologias da informacao e comunicacao. Palavras-chave: educacao; cultura; cidade; pesquisa; novas sociabilidades Abstract: This theoretical essay is an effort by a sociological and philosophical justification for the delimitation of a new field and research strategies of education in contemporary culture, facing the emergence of new forms of sociability especially in big cities. It follows from theoretical and methodological developments supported by an ongoing investigation developed at the interface of two major urban centers in Latin America, namely: Porto Alegre / RS / Brazil and La Plata / BsAs/ Argentina, included the period of training of students / researchers in this research approach. Based on the recognition the challenges that constitute the field of education nowadays, whether in research or training, seeks to demarcate and explore the interface between urban anthropology and education with a strong impact on the so-called field of Education and Communication. It seeks to provide theoretical and methodological subsidies for those who engage in search educational practices of / in big cities especially those involving new technologies of information and communication. Keywords: Education, Culture, City, Research, New Sociability.
Investigation of polymorphisms in the CREM gene in panic disorder

Clinical and animal studies suggest a role for pathways regulated by cyclic-AMP in anxiety. Mouse gene deletion studies, our own linkage findings on chromosome 10, and a recently published genetic association study by Domschke et al. [2003: Am J Med Genet 117B:70-78] suggest that the cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM) may be involved in panic disorder. We have employed a family-based design to investigate the role of DNA sequence variations in the gene for CREM in panic disorder. We have genotyped 613 individuals in 70 panic disorder pedigrees, as well as 42 parent/offspring triads. Subjects were genotyped at two informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three polymorphic microsatellites in the CREM genomic region; and the data were analyzed for genetic association and linkage. Linkage analysis employing several diagnostic/genetic models produced a maximum lod score of 0.63 for SNP-1, located in the 5' UTR of CREM, under a dominant model with a broad diagnostic definition of panic disorder. Non-parametric analysis, using the NPL statistic or FBAT, also did not support any linkage or association between the markers and panic disorder. All five markers (spanning 77 kb) used in the study showed modest, but significant linkage disequilibrium. Analysis of 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-marker haplotypes using TRANSMIT failed to find any globally significant results; however, individual haplotypes containing a single allele of MS-3 were nominally associated with panic disorder. These findings provide little additional evidence for a susceptibility locus for panic disorder either within the CREM gene or in a nearby region of chromosome 10p11 in our sample.
Prediction of the Vapor Pressure Boiling Point, Heat of Vaporization and Diffusion Coefficient of Organic Compounds

The prototype computer program SPARC has been under development for several years to estimate physical properties and chemical reactivity parameters of organic compounds strictly from molecular structure. SPARC solute-solute physical process models have been developed and tested for vapor pressure (at any temperature), heat of vaporization (at 25C and the boiling point), diffusion coefficient (at 25C) and boiling point (at any pressure) for a relatively large number of organic molecules. The RMS deviation error of the predicted the vapor pressures, heats of vaporization (at any temperature) and boiling points (at any pressure) were close to the intralaboratory experimental errors.
Introduction: Where is There? Locating, Dislocating and Relocating Gender, Sexuality in Physical and Discursive Space

This paper is an introduction to four essays that make up the gender and sexuality cluster in the FIU Law Review symposium issue dedicated to the Twelfth Annual LatCrit Conference. Morrison’s introductory essay ties together the manner in which each article addresses sexuality - and gender-based “whereness” - the combination of physical and discursive space. The introduction notes how each essay asserts that location matters to the construction of gender and sexual identities and the construction of location is impacted by sexuality and gender as well. Morrison’s essay independently argues that gender and sexuality can be located, dislocated and relocated and that entities can be transformed when this movement, whether physical or discursive, takes place.
Application of the top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approximation to initial characterization of an inland aquifer mineralization:: 2. Seepage of saltwater through semi-confining layers

Abstract This paper presents a generalized basic study that addresses practical needs for an understanding of the major mechanisms involved in the mineralization of groundwater in the Great Bend Prairie aquifer in south-central Kansas. This Quaternary alluvial aquifer and associated surface waters are subject to contamination by saltwater, which in some areas seeps from the deeper Permian bedrock formation into the overlying freshwater aquifer through semiconfining layers. A simplified conceptual model is adopted. It incorporates the freshwater aquifer whose bottom is comprised of a semiconfining layer through which a hydrologically minor but geochemically important saline water discharge seeps into the aquifer. A hierarchy of approximate approaches is considered to analyze the mineralization processes taking place in the aquifer. The recently developed top specified boundary layer (TSBL) approach is very convenient to use for the initial characterization of these processes, and is further adapted to characterization of head-driven seepage through semi-confining layers. TSBL calculations indicate that the seeping saline water may create two distinct new zones in the aquifer: (1) a completely saline zone (CSZ) adjacent to the semiconfining bottom of the aquifer, and (2) a transition zone (TZ) which develops between the CSZ and the freshwater zone. Some possible scenarios associated with the various mineralization patterns are analyzed and discussed.
HCVAD plus imatinib or dasatinib in lymphoid blastic phase chronic myeloid leukemia

BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) may progress to blast phase (BP) at the rate of 1% to 1.5% per year. With the use of single-agent tyrosine kinase inhibitors, median overall survival ranges between 7 and 11 months. METHODS The outcome was analyzed for 42 patients with lymphoid BP-CML who were treated with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, dexamethasone (HCVAD) plus imatinib or dasatinib. RESULTS Complete hematological response was achieved in 90% of patients, complete cytogenetic remission in 58%, and complete molecular remission in 25%. Flow cytometry minimal residual disease negativity was achieved by 42% of evaluable patients after induction. Eighteen patients received allogeneic stem cell transplant (SCT) while in first complete hematological response. Median remission duration was 14 months and was longer among SCT recipients (P = .01) on multivariate analysis. Median overall survival was 17 months (range, 7-27 months) and was longer among SCT recipients (P < .001) and patients treated with dasatinib (P = .07) on multivariate analysis. Although a high rate of hematologic toxicity (100%) and infectious complications (59%) were observed, the related rate of treatment discontinuation was low (7% and 9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS HCVAD combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is an effective regimen for the management of BP-CML, particularly when followed by allogeneic SCT. Cancer 2014;120:373–380 © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Virgin Group: Finding New Avenues for Growth

The head of the branded private investment company owner of the Virgin brand reflected on the group's new pillars of growth. Since the 1970s when Richard Branson created the Virgin record retailing company, Virgin had developed from scratch six companies worth more than $1 billion each and changed their focus from record retailing and music production to a broader one based on airlines, health, financial services, mobile and media businesses. In addition, Virgin had been able to apply the Virgin brand to several different products without harming the brand. Their challenge had been finding the capital to finance the new ventures rather than the brand. Since 2005, Branson was dedicating more and more time to a charitable organization, Virgin Unite, and had appointed Stephen Murphy the new CEO of the Group. As Murphy contemplated their growth strategy for the next decade he faced a number of difficult decisions. First, how should he fund new ventures? While growing, the Group had sold stakes in its companies and had signed with them licensing agreements for the use of the Virgin brand name. The Virgin Group was today a loose group of companies some linked to Virgin only by brand licensing agreements. Should they expand by signing new licensing agreements? Second, what kind of opportunities should he seek? Should they keep acting as a venture capital firm, nurturing new ventures as in the past or should they invest in larger and more established companies? What would be the consequences of their choices on the brand and on the Group? Would they always be able to inject the Virgin culture and turn around companies?Learning Objective: Growth strategy.
Jackknife variance of the partial area under the empirical receiver operating characteristic curve

Receiver operating characteristic analysis provides an important methodology for assessing traditional (e.g., imaging technologies and clinical practices) and new (e.g., genomic studies, biomarker ...
Disaggregating entrepreneurial orientation: the non-linear impact of innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking on SME performance

Previous studies have generally established a positive relationship between aggregated measures of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and firm performance. However, there are theoretical reasons suggesting that three dimensions of EO (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking) may possess differential relationships with performance in smaller firms. This study utilizes a sample consisting of 1,668 small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in nine countries across 13 different industries to provide a finer-grained analysis of the EO-performance relationship. Specifically, we theorize and test a non-monotonic influence of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on SME performance. Innovativeness and proactiveness displayed predominantly positive U-shaped relationships with SME performance. Risk-taking, however, displayed a predominantly negative U-shaped relationship with SME performance. Further, individualism was found to positively moderate the relationships between innovativeness-performance and proactiveness-performance. Taken together, these results suggest that differential relationships exist between three dimensions of EO and SME performance, with important theoretical implications for future EO research.
Visual Priming Enhances the Effects of Nonspatial Cognitive Rehabilitation Training on Spatial Learning After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury.

Previous work demonstrates that spatial (explicit) and nonspatial (implicit) elements of place learning in the Morris water maze (MWM) task can be dissociated and examined in the context of experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Providing nonspatial cognitive training (CT) after injury can improve place learning compared with untrained controls. In the present study, we hypothesized that brief exposure to extra-maze cues, in conjunction with CT, may further improve MWM performance and extra-maze cue utilization compared with CT alone. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 66) received controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or sham surgery. Beginning day 8 postsurgery, CCI and sham rats received 6 days of no training (NT) or CT with/without brief, noncontextualized exposure to extra-maze cues (BE and CT, respectively). Acquisition (days 14-18), visible platform (VP; day 19), carryover (CO; days 20-26), and periodic probe trials were performed. Platform latencies, peripheral and target zone time allocati...
A modified colchicine-binding assay for the measurement of total and microtubule-derived tubulin in rat liver

Abstract The usual measurement of liver tubulin by the colchicine-binding assay does not take into account the accelerated decay of the colchicine-binding capacity of tubulin when liver supernatants, especially those containing microtubule-derived tubulin, are incubated at 37°C. This results in marked underestimations. Our findings indicate that this alteration is due to an inhibitor of colchicine-tubulin binding in liver supernatants that is probably extracted from particulate fractions. The inhibitory activity is decreased by dilution of the supernatants and by increasing the concentration of colchicine. However, the former modification decreases the sensitivity of the assay and the latter increases the nonspecific binding of colchicine to liver proteins other than tubulin. Assessment of the decay and correction for it by calculating the initial binding capacity results in complete recovery of brain tubulin from liver supernatants and values for microtubule-derived tubulin that closely correspond to those expected from simultaneous morphometric assessment of liver microtubules by electron microscopy. The modified method also indicates that the fraction of liver tubulin assembled in microtubules is greater than previously reported.
Urban Anthropology and the `Urban Question' in China

■ Despite a long tradition of urban history or, more precisely, a long history of urban life, the study of it might well seem to have been very short. My question in this article is not concerned with various forms of urban transformation taking place in today's China, nor with expressions of the best and the worst extremes of human potentials in the development of large metropolises, nor with the effort of the state to control and manage a growing number of urban populations. Rather, my inquiry is into the historical meaning of the notion of `urban' in Chinese anthropology and the `urban question', as Manuel Castells called it, in the context of China at the very present moment.
AN INVESTIGATION OF IRT-BASED ASSEMBLY OF THE TOEFL TEST

The current study, carried out jointly by Test Development and Statistical Analysis staff at Educational Testing Service (ETS), investigated the feasibility of the Automated Item Selection (AIS) procedure for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). IRT-based statistical specifications were developed. Two TOEFL® test forms were assembled using AIS and statistical and content-related properties were evaluated. The results of this study show that the statistical consistency (parallelism) of the tests assembled using AIS would appear to be superior to the consistency of tests assembled using traditional test-assembly procedures. The results of the study also provided strong evidence that AIS-assembled TOEFL tests can successfully meet the IRT-based specifications. Test Development staff observed visible gains in efficiency in item selection for Section 1 and Section 2 and the potential for time gains in Section 3. The implications of AIS for pool management were explored.
MOLECULAR PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the etiology of PD is incompletely understood, the recent discovery of genes associated with rare monogenic forms of the disease, together with earlier studies and new experimental animal models, has provided important and novel insight into the molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that deficits in mitochondrial function, oxidative and nitrosative stress, the accumulation of aberrant or misfolded proteins, and ubiquitin-proteasome system dysfunction may represent the principal molecular pathways or events that commonly underlie the pathogenesis of sporadic and familial forms of PD .
Parallel assays of β-endorphin and ACTH in cushing's patients undergoing petrosal sinus sampling

This study explores the possibility of improving endocrinologic testing during petrosal sinus catheterization by determining both β-endorphin and corticotropin (ACTH). We studied 14 patients with Cushing's disease, two with adrenal tumor, and three with ectopic tumors secreting ACTH. In patients with Cushing's disease, β-endorphin concentrations paralleled those of ACTH in all basal plasma samples collected either from petrosal sinuses or peripheral veins. Individual responses of β-endorphin and ACTH to corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) were closely related to the presence of a corticotroph adenoma. In such patients, a consistently higher concentration of β-endorphin over ACTH was observed in all samples collected either from petrosal sinuses or peripheral veins; the ratios were unchanged after the administration of CRH. In patients with ectopic ACTH secretion, the mean ratio of β-endorphin over ACTH (with both values expressed in pmol/L) was significantly higher (3.5) than that of patients with Cushing's disease (2.9) or Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal tumor (2.7).
Energy conservation and pyridine nucleotide reduction in chemoautotrophic bacteria: a thermodynamic analysis

Respiratory and reverse electron transport by chemoautotrophic bacteria have been formulated in chemiosmotic terms. A thermodynamic analysis of this model, assuming equilibrium conditions, indicates that respiration by most chemoautotrophs can generate a protonmotive force easily sufficient to drive both ATP synthesis and reverse electron transport.
What does playing cards have to do with science? A resource-rich view of African American young men

The study examines the resources related to science that African American young men learn and develop by playing a card game called Spades, a common cultural practice in African American communities that dates back to the Civil War Era. The qualitative study examines what the Spades players at a local high school consider when making decisions about what cards to play. A significant finding is that the players use, learn and develop resources such as the ability to make observations, draw inferences, and use empirical data to inform future actions and decisions. Such reasoning bears a resemblance to central practices of science and challenges long held deficit views of African American young men. Implications of the research findings are discussed.
Uncertainty and pollution: The role of indirect taxation

Abstract This paper explores the potential usefulness of indirect taxation as a supplement to effluent charges. It is argued that effluent charges should typically be accompanied by taxes on privately traded commodities linked to the pollutant in consumption or production. The performance of such combinations of taxes and charges is then compared to that of an effluent standard.
Hydrogen ion impact desorption of adsorbed deuterium from stainless steel

Abstract The removal of adsorbed deuterium from stainless steel by energetic molecular hydrogen ions (H 2 + and H 3 + ) has been studied with secondary ion mass spectrometry. Desorption cross sections for this process range from 1.2 × 10 −16 cm 2 to 5 × 10 −17 cm 2 for incident ion energies 0.3 to 1.5 keV/atom. The cross sections increase as the incident ion energy is lowered. At low energies, direct interactions between incident particles and adsorbate atoms appear to be important in causing desorption. Dissociation of molecular hydrogen ions occurs prior to desorption. The implications of these findings with respect to the mechanisms for ion impact desorption and to fuel recycling phenomena in tokamaks are discussed.
Partial trisomy 2p.

ABSTRACT. A 4-year-and-10-month-old girl was referred to the Child Development Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, for evaluation because of mental retardation. She was found to have short stature, congenital heart disease and dysmorphic facial features. A chromosome analysis revealed an unbalanced translocation with trisomy of the distal part of the short arm of chromosome 2 (2p21×2pter). A balanced reciprocal translocation was identified in the maternal karyotype 46, X, t(X;2)(q28;p21). The phenotype of partial trisomy 2p is discussed.
The use of production systems in RITA to construct personal computer "agents"

A production system called RITA has been developed on a PDP-11/UNIX minicomputer system, to allow the development of "user agents": small programs that perform useful tasks for a user. RITA rules are written in an English-like language, allowing an agent's logic to be understood by a computer-naive user. The RITA system contains explanatory facilities capable of giving substantial trace and historical information regarding the operation of a user agent. An example of the design and implementation of a user agent is given, followed by a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of production systems for this application. Most perceived advantages rely to some extent on the use of the system's explanatory facilities.
Nimodipine-induced acute hypoxemia: case report.

Objective and importance Nimodipine is commonly used to improve neurological outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Although nimodipine reportedly has high specificity for the cerebral vasculature, adverse systemic effects such as hypotension have been described. This case report describes a patient with traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage who experienced two episodes of previously undescribed, life-threatening hypoxemia that was directly related to nimodipine therapy. Clinical presentation The patient experienced acute hypoxemia (partial pressures of oxygen of 32.9 and 58.7 mm Hg), on two separate occasions (3 d apart), that was temporally related to single doses of nimodipine therapy for traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Other disease- and medication-related causes did not explain these episodes. Intervention After the inspired oxygen concentration was increased to 100% (both episodes) and the positive end expiratory pressure was increased to 7.5 mm Hg (first episode), the arterial oxygen saturation of the patient returned to baseline levels (>99%) within 40 minutes in each instance. Nimodipine therapy was discontinued after each episode. Conclusion It is hypothesized that, in the presence of concomitant adult respiratory distress syndrome, nimodipine increased ventilation/perfusion ratio mismatch, through its direct vasodilatory effects on the pulmonary artery, and possibly interfered with the reflex hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction necessary to maintain adequate oxygenation for this patient. Clinicians should carefully monitor the oxygenation status of patients when nimodipine therapy is initiated.
Neutron hole states in 138La and 140Pr

Abstract Protons accelerated to 30 MeV were used to investigate low-lying states in the odd-odd nuclei 138 La and 140 Pr with (p, d) reactions. The elastic scattering of 30 MeV protons and 23 MeV deuterons was also studied to determine optical potentials. Experimental angular distributions are compared with distorted-wave Born approximation calculations to extract spin, parity, and spectroscopic factors for levels up to 432 keV of excitation in 140 Pr and 530 keV in 138 La. Comparisons with the simple shell-model predictions and extended shell-model calculations are presented. The 140 Pr levels appear experimentally to have an almost pure particle-hole structure whereas the 138 La levels exhibit substantial mixing.
Measuring sesamoid position in hallux valgus: when is the sesamoid axial view necessary?

Measuring tibial sesamoid position is an important component of the preoperative radiographic evaluation of hallux valgus as it helps guide the surgeon in surgical selection. Tibial sesamoid position is typically measured on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph on a scale from 1 to 7 as described by Hardy and Clapham. Some authors have advocated measuring the position on the sesamoid axial view, noting that the AP and axial views often yield different measurements. There is no consensus as to which view is more helpful in guiding the surgeon's surgical decision. Weightbearing radiographs of 99 feet in patients with a clinical diagnosis of hallux valgus were retrospectively reviewed. Tibial sesamoid position was measured on the AP view using the 7-point scale of Hardy and Clapham. Tibial sesamoid position was also measured on the axial radiograph. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to assess agreement of measurements obtained on the 2 views. There was poor agreement of the AP and axial views, with a kappa of 0.31. In our analysis of the data, it was determined that the lack of agreement was due mainly to X-rays showing tibial sesamoid positions of 4 and 5. A subgroup analysis of all X-rays with tibial sesamoids in positions other than 4 or 5 showed excellent agreement, with a kappa of 0.95. Anteroposterior and sesamoid axial views of feet with hallux valgus show excellent agreement in patients with the tibial sesamoid in positions other than 4 or 5. If the tibial sesamoid has a position of 4 or 5 on the AP, an axial view may be warranted to further understand the extent of deformity.
Evaluating Intimate Partner Violence

PURPOSE: To describe the incidence, assessment, and management of intimate partner violence (IPV) from a cultural perspective emphasizing the values, strengths, and health care needs of African-American women. DATA SOURCES: Review of the published scientific literature, U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) supplemented with hypothetical cases. CONCLUSIONS: Violence is a social and public health emergency affecting over 10% of the population during their lives and 22% of women who are physically assaulted by an intimate. Roughly 3 million to 4.4 million women report being battered annually, although this is a low estimate. Neither gender nor age nor sexual orientation protects one from IPV. Violent crime causes 2.2 million known injuries with a huge cost in hospital days and other expenses. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Women often hesitate to report violence; health care professionals detect as few as 5% of battered women. Women suffer for months and years before accurate diagnosis. Clinicians need to be vigilant in case finding, education, prevention, and treatment. Cultural differences in values and beliefs, and behavioral norms influence evaluation, treatment, and referral. Language: en
Rick Nelson, Rock ‘n’ Roll Pioneer Sheree Homer. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2012.

Rick Nelson, Rock 'n' Roll Pioneer Sheree Homer. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2012.There is a conventional wisdom view of Rick Nelson that presents him as a modestly talented 1950s teen idol/rock star who took advantage of his good looks and weekly exposure on the highly successful Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet sitcom to forge a significant base of popular support, particularly among teenage females. Nelson provided a template for the television-driven musical performers that would be followed by the likes of Bobby Sherman, David Cassidy, and the Monkees. One version of this story suggests that the real genius behind all of this success was Nelson's father Ozzie, who was a successful musician himself during the big band era and a shrewd businessman.Journalist Sheree Homer signifies by the title of her biography, Rick Nelson, Rock en' Roll Pioneer, that there is much more to Nelson than the conventional story suggests, and she aims to set the record straight. Few among professional rock critics would see Nelson as a pioneer. Some might give him some pioneer status for the video that accompanied Nelson's performance of his mega-hit, "Travelin' Man," on the family television show. That video has on occasion been referred to as the first rock music video ever made. But in Homer's accounting, Nelson's status as a rock 'n' roll pioneer goes much deeper than that video, which is given only a two-sentence reference in this book.Homer's book on Nelson is not a biography in the traditional sense. Thus, it is different from two earlier biographies of Nelson: Ricky Nelson: Idol for a Generation (1990) by San Francisco music critic Joel Selvin and Teenage Idol, Travelin' Man: The Complete Biography of Rick Nelson by Philip Bashe (1992). The earlier biographies are attempts at covering the entirety of Nelson's life, his private life as well as his public one. Homer recognizes that what is most important about Nelson, what makes him most worthy of this kind of attention, is his music. Her book is almost exclusively about the music, and she knows the music and the roots of Nelson's music better than either Selvin or Bashe. Each of these books has something to offer and each is well worth reading, but Homer's book will likely prove to be the most enduring.Nelson had a long, largely successful recording career that extended across four decades. Although most of his hits came in the 1950s and early 1960s, he charted in every decade in which he recorded. Homer shows us that Nelson had a significant and pioneering footprint in two major movements in rock history. First, Nelson was a devotee of Sun Records and its artists, including, most notably, Carl Perkins and Elvis Presley. On his first four albums, he recorded six songs strongly associated with Sun Records and several other songs that had been recorded by Sun artists, although not typically thought of as Sun recordings. …
Failure of clinical criteria to distinguish between primary achalasia and achalasia secondary to tumor.

Three clinical criteria have been reported to distinguish patients with primary achalasia from patients with achalasia secondary to tumor invasion of the gastroesophageal junction. These criteria (age greater than 50 years, duration of symptoms less than one year, and weight loss greater than 15 pounds) are important because of their potential use for deciding between pneumatic dilation and exploratory surgery. In the present investigation we assessed the frequency of these criteria alone and in combination in 79 patients with primary and in two patients with secondary achalasia seen at our institution over a 91/2-year period. Our results indicate that while these criteria are highly sensitive and moderately specific, their predictive value for distinguishing secondary achalasia from primary achalasia is exceedingly low. For this reason, early exploratory surgery is not indicated in patients with newly diagnosed achalasia who meet these criteria unless there is prior radiologic or endoscopic evidence for tumor.
Partitions and sums and products—Two counterexamples

Abstract A negative answer is provided to a question of Erdos. Specifically, a two celled partition of N is provided with the property that neither cell includes an infinite set together with all finite products and pairwise sums from that set. Also, a seven celled partition of N is provided with the property that no cell includes an infinite set together with all pairwise products and pairwise sums from that set.
The propagation of non-uniform magnetohydrodynamic shock waves subjected to oblique magnetic fields

Abstract A linearized analysis is used to describe weakly non-isentropic perturbations of the equations describing the one-dimensional, unsteady flow of an ideal, inviscid, perfectly conducting compressible fluid, subjected to an oblique magnetic field with two non-zero components. The general solution for the non-isentropic perturbation of an initially uniform flow is used to determine the perturbation generated when an initially uniform magnetohydrodynamic shock wave (slow or fast) of arbitrary strength encounters a section of non-uiniform cross-sectional area. The first order area-shock strength relation thus obtained may be integrated to give a relationship valid for finite continuous area changes. Particular choices of the area distribution may be used to discuss converging cylindrical and spherical shock waves. The linearized analysis yields a solution for a reflected pulse which has a singularity for true-sonic flow behind the shock. This singularity masks the formation of secondary shocks in the flow. A modified perturbation theory, valid for all flow speeds, is derived by making a more detailed examination of the negative characteristics. The solutions tor the corresponding problems in the non-magnetic case and for a transverse orientation of the field are contained as special limiting cases. This provides a valuable check on the theory. pt]Si impiega analisi linearizzata per rappresentare piccole perturbazioni non isentropiche di equazioni esprimenti il flusso unidimensionale e incostante di fluido immaginario aviscoso comprimibile e perfettamente conduttore sottoposto a campo magnetico obliquo a doppia componente non-zero. Si impiega la soluzione generale per la perturbazione non isentropica di flusso inizialmente uniforme per determinare la perturbazione generata quando un'onda (lenta o veloce) magneto-idiodinamica d'urto inizialmente uniforme e di forza a piacere scontra una parte a sezione di area disuniforme. La relazione. prima trovata fra area e forza d'urto e integrabile per l'ottenimento di una relazionabilita valida per variazioni finitamente continue dell'area. Particolari caratteristiche di distribuzione dell'area sono impiegabili nell'esame di onde d'urto convergenti, cilindriche e sferiche. L'analisi linearizzata conduce a una soluzione per la vibrazione riflessa avente caratteristica particolare di flusso sonico vero e proprio posteriormente all'urto. Questa caratteristica adombra la formazione di urti secondari nel flusso. Si deriva una modifica alla teoria perturbatoria, valida per tutte le velocita di flusso, esaminando piu profondamente Ie caratteristiche negative. Le soluzioni dei relativi problemi sotto amagneticita e per orientamento trasversale del campo sono presentate come casi limite particolari. Cio costituisce una preziosa verifica della teoria.
Is VAMLA/TEMLA the new standard of preresection staging of non–small cell lung cancer?

Accurate mediastinal staging is the hallmark of a good thoracic oncology program. Mediastinal lymph node staging is important for prognostication and to guide the administration of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy. In addition, accurate mediastinal staging is necessary for a fair comparison of different clinical studies. The most important surgical advance in mediastinal lymph node staging in the past few years is transcervical staging, by either sternal elevation or video-assisted mediastinoscopy. The present report summarizes the existing published data evaluating such an approach.
Characterization of time course of spinal amino acids, citrulline and PGE2 release after carrageenan/kaolin-induced knee joint inflammation: a chronic microdialysis study.

Abstract Pharmacological studies have implicated the spinal activation of excitatory amino acids, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins systems in the development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity and central sensitization after peripheral inflammation. In the present study, using a chronically placed loop dialysis catheter, we examined in the unanesthetized rat the effect of carrageenan/kaolin (C/K)-induced knee joint inflammation on the time course of spinal release of several active factors including excitatory amino acids (glutamate, aspartate), citrulline (a marker of nitric oxide formation), and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) as well as the concomitant development of tactile and thermal hypersensitivity. Infection of C/K in the knee evoked a significant release of glutamate, with an initial peak seen immediately after knee C/K injection (179 ± 22%) and with a progressive and consistent increase over a period of 24 h (153–186%). Comparable changes in the concentration of aspartate (123–179%) were observed. Citrulline was constantly above baseline for the 24-h period (121–158%). PGE 2 was significantly increased at 10 min (146 ± 11%) with no change observed between 3–5 h. At 24 h, PGE 2 was again significantly (143 ± 18%) increased. Behaviorally, a prominent thermal and tactile allodynia developed after injection with the peak seen by 1–3 h after induction of the inflammation. This hypersensitivity state, while diminished in its intensity, persisted for the entire observation period. These data suggest that increased spinal release of excitatory amino acids (EAA), nitric oxide and/or PGE 2 is involved in the maintenance of the pain state initiated by acute peripheral inflammation.
Simple Performance Bounds for Multicore and Parallel Channel Systems

A simple modification of existing divisible load scheduling algorithms, boosting link speed by M for M parallel channels per link, allows time optimal load scheduling and performance prediction for parallel channel systems. The situation for multicore models is more complex but can be handled by a substitution involving equivalent processor speed. These modifications yield upper bounds on such parallel systems' performance. This concept is illustrated for ideal single level (star) tree networks under a variety of scheduling policies. Less than ideal parallelism can also be modeled though mechanisms of inefficiency require further research.
Heteromorphic sex chromosomes in male rainbow trout

A pair of subtelocentric chromosomes differs in the size of the short arm in male, but not female, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). The morphological similarity of the X and Y chromosomes, and the observation of Y chromosomes intermediate between the X and normal Y, suggest that the sex chromosomes are at an early stage of differentiation in this species.
Pro-opiocortin processing in the pituitary: A model for neuropeptide biosynthesis

Abstract The biosynthesis of α-MSH, β-endorphin and ACTH in the pituitary is reviewed. These neuropeptides are synthesized from a common pro-protein, pro-opiomelanocortin. The pro-protein is cleaved intragranularly, at pairs of basic residues in the molecule to yield the respective peptide products. An unique, thiol protease (pro-opiocortin converting enzyme) and a carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme, both localized within pituitary secretory granules and having a pH optimum of 5–6, appear to be involved in the proteolytic processing of pro-opiomelanocortin.
A Tale of Two Crocoducks: Creationist Misuses of Molecular Evolution.

Although some creationist objections to evolutionary biology are simplistic and thus are easily refuted, when more technical arguments become widespread it is important for science educators to explain the relevant science in a straightforward manner. An interesting case study is provided by misguided allegations about how cytochrome c data pertain to molecular evolution. The most common of these misrepresentations bears a striking similarity to a particularly glaring misunderstanding of what should be expected of a transitional form in a fossil sequence. Although evangelist Kirk Cameron's ridiculous injunction of a hypothetical 'crocoduck' as an example of a potential transitional form is frequently invoked to illustrate the ignorance of many critics of evolutionary science, a strikingly analogous argument was applied to cytochrome c data by biochemist Michael Denton in 1985. The details of this analogy are worth exploring to clarify the fallacy of the widely circulated molecular argument.
Feeding China's Little Emperors: Food, Children, and Social Change

Feeding China's Little Emperors: Food, Children,and Social Change. Jun Jing, ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. ix. 279 pp., figures, tables, notes, works cited, index.
Been There, Not Done That — Melanoma in the Age of Molecular Therapy

In 1976, the detection of estrogen-receptor expression in melanomas ushered in the era of targeted therapy in melanoma, although we did not use that term back then.1 In 1992, Cocconi et al. found that dacarbazine plus tamoxifen provided a higher response rate and longer survival than dacarbazine, but only in women.2 Subsequently, whether melanoma cells express estrogen receptors was questioned, and the efficacy of tamoxifen could not be confirmed. Since then, the drug has not been used to treat melanoma. However, molecular analysis of tumors has revealed specific growth-promoting pathways in human cancers that have become targets for therapy. BRAF . . .
Long-Term Psychosocial Outcome Among Cancer Amputees in Adolescence and Early Adulthood

Although advances in the treatment of adolescents and young adults with cancer had led to significant increases in their long-term survival, little is known about the psychosocial outcome of these individuals. The present study assessed the educational, vocational, and psychosocial status of 20 long-term survivors who had undergone amputation for cancer during adolescence or early adulthood. When they were interviewed, all patients had survived their diagnosis for at least five years (range 5-19 years), were disease free, and were not receiving cancer-related therapy. The results indicated the the majority of patients had adjusted well to their disabilities and led full and functional lives. Eighty-five percent worked at least part-time, 85 percent were either married or dating a steady partner, and nearly 50 percent had at least some college education. On the basis of their results, the authors propose interventions designed to facilitate the adjustment of young cancer amputees.
A tale of two theories: How the adiabatic response and ULF waves affect relativistic electrons

Using data from the Comprehensive Energetic Particle and Pitch Angle Distribution (CEPPAD)-High Sensitivity Telescope (HIST) instrument on the Polar spacecraft and ground magnetometer data from the 210 meridian magnetometer chain, we test the ULF wave drift resonance theory proposed to explain relativistic electron phase space density enhancements. We begin by investigating changes in electron flux due to the “Dst effect”. The Dst effect refers to the adiabatic response of relativistic electrons to changes in the magnetic field characterized by the Dst index. The Dst effect, assuming no loss or addition of new electrons, produces reversible order of magnitude changes in relativistic electrons flux measured at fixed energy, but it cannot account for the flux enhancement that occurs in the recovery phase of most storms. Liouville's theorem states that phase space density expressed in terms of constant adiabatic invariants is unaffected by adiabatic field changes and thus is insensitive to the Dst effect. It is therefore useful to express flux measurements in terms of phase space densities at constant first, second and third adiabatic invariants. The phase space density is determined from the CEPPAD-HIST electron detector that measures differential directional flux of electrons from 0.7 to 9 MeV and the Tsyganenko 96 field model. The analysis is done for January to June 1997. The ULF wave drift resonance theory that we test proposes that relativistic electrons are accelerated by an m=2 toroidal or poloidal mode wave whose frequency equals the drift frequency of the electron. The theory is tested by comparing the relativistic electron phase space densities to wave power determined at three ground stations with L* values of 4.0, 5.7 and 6.2. Comparison of the wave data to the phase space densities shows that five out of nine storm events are consistent with the ULF wave drift resonance mechanism, three out of nine give ambiguous support to the model, and one event has high ULF wave power at the drift frequency of the electrons but no corresponding phase space density enhancement suggesting that ULF wave power alone is not sufficient to cause an electron response. Two explanations of the anomalous event are investigated including excessive loss of electrons to the magnetopause and wave duration.
Effect of molybdenum addition on supported platinum catalysts for the water–gas shift reaction

Abstract The effect of molybdenum on water–gas shift (CO + H 2 O ↔ CO 2 + H 2 ) turnover frequencies was investigated for 2 wt% platinum, up to 11 wt% molybdenum, alumina and silica supported catalysts. The maximum PtMo turnover frequencies were observed for Mo weight loadings of 1.4% and 1.2% when supported on Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 , respectively. Above these loadings, the exposed Pt surface area as measured by hydrogen chemisorption was reduced. The hydrogen chemisorption values and X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the reduced catalysts indicate the formation of PtMo bimetallic particles that are surface rich in Mo, yet increases in Pt–Mo coordination do not correlate with changes in turnover frequency, and most of the Mo is present in the form of Mo-oxide. The decrease in TOF from the optimum Mo loading is attributed to differences in surface coverages of intermediates that are observed in the changing reaction orders and ascribed to the interplay between the PtMo alloy metal function and the promotion of water activation by MoO x promotion of the support. The decreased Pt dispersion and CO binding energy of Pt–Mo catalysts result in CO reaction orders as high as 0.8 at 300 °C, and Mo addition resulted in apparent activation energies which were 20–40 kJ/mol lower than the Mo free samples. The promoted catalysts achieved higher TOF than Pt/CeO 2 when calculated at or below 250 °C with 6.8% CO, 8.5% CO 2 , 21.9% H 2 O, 37.4% H 2 , and balance Ar at 1 atm total pressure.