cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Internationalization of Industrial Relations

Multinational corporations, by definition, have a multinational work force. However, the trade union institutions which represent the employees of the various subsidiaries have been organized historically on a country basis with little international interaction on industrial relations matters with a specific international employer.11It must be mentioned here that many United States unions are established on a bi-national basis in that they include a sizable Canadian membership. However, elsewhere the principle of organization is the particular nation-state. Union organization and representation activities have remained largely on the polycentric level even where their corporate adversaries operate in an ethnocentric or geocentric fashion. Recently though, international, regional, and national trade union organizations, particularly in the United States and Europe, have become concerned about the problems created by the multinational corporations because of their international nature. To confront these difficulties and to counteract the perceived advantages enjoyed by international firms, the trade union movement is developing a number of different strategies some of which may lead to the internationalization of industrial relations.22For a discussion of a case of international collective bargaining see David H. Blake, "Multinational Corporation, International Union, and Economic Implications of the 1967 UAW—Chrysler Agreement," in Transnational Industrial Relations, ed. by Hans Gunter (London: Macmillan, 1972). To phrase it in another way, in response to the challenge of the multinational corporation in union-management relations, unions are attempting to internationalize their activities and strength.© 1972 JIBS. Journal of International Business Studies (1972) 3, 17–32
Three-channel spectrometer for wide-field imaging of anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles

A three-channel spectrometer (3CS) based on a commercial digital camera was developed to distinguish among tens of large (>100 nm), anisotropic plasmonic particles with various shapes, orientations, and compositions on a surface simultaneously. Using band pass filters and polarizers, the contrast of 3CS images could be enhanced to identify specific orientation and composition characteristics of gold and gold-silver nanopyramids and as well as the direction of the longest arm of gold nanostars.
Reproductive, growth and life-history contrasts between two species of grapsid crabs, Sesarma cinereum and S. reticulatum

Two grapsid crabs, Sesarma cinereum (Bosc) and S. reticulatum (Say), were studied in the region of Beaufort, North Carolina, USA, during the summers of 1977, 1983, and 1984. The two grapsid species showed differences in social organization, habitat preferences, and number and size of first-stage larvae. We analyzed several other characters (growth rates, size at sexual maturity, reproductive effort per clutch) to determine if these differences could be related to a coherent pattern of life-history trends. While some relationships between characters were consistent with those found among other crab species, few seemed peculiarly matched to the ecological contrasts represented by our species. Our results suggest that other factors (phyletic predisposition; decoupling of selection between larval and adult stages; equally adaptive alternatives) may obscure the “rules” governing relationships between life-history characters and evolutionary trends.
Barrett's esophagus: prevalence in symptomatic relatives.

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Relatives of patients with Barrett’s esophagus have an increased prevalence of reflux symptoms. Our aim was to find if these relatives were at increased risk of having Barrett’s esophagus. METHODS: First degree relatives of patients with Barrett’s esophagus completed the Reflux Symptom Questionnaire. Relatives with reflux symptoms, never previously investigated, were invited for endoscopy. Controls were patients with similar reflux symptoms and no family histories of Barrett’s esophagus. RESULTS: We found previously undiagnosed Barrett’s esophagus (>3 cm) in eight of 100 relatives (8%) from 53 families and in five of 100 controls (5%) (adjusted OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 0.46–5.45). Including another 27 previously investigated cases, 10 of the 53 families had two or more cases of Barrett’s esophagus. Barrett’s esophagus prevalence increased with age (p = 0.014) and was associated with reflux symptoms of >10 yr (p = 0.020), and Barrett’s esophagus was twice as common in males (p = 0.28). Reflux esophagitis was found in 74% of relatives and 57% of controls without Barrett’s (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of Barrett’s esophagus in any one symptomatic relative of a patient with Barrett’s esophagus was not statistically higher than in other persons with reflux symptoms. However, more relatives of Barrett’s esophagus patients have reflux symptoms, so the overall prevalence of Barrett’s esophagus and reflux esophagitis in relatives may also be greater than in the general population. In considering whether to screen patients with reflux symptoms for Barrett’s esophagus, age and duration of symptoms are stronger predictors than having a relative with Barrett’s esophagus.
Intelligent Star Pattern Recognition for Attitude Determination: the "Lost in Space" Problem

This paper presents a novel approach to the attitude determination problem of space vehicles. The proposed algorithm utilizes a modified Genetic Algorithm (GA) to solve the “lost in space” star pattern recognition problem associated with star tracker attitude determination systems. Characteristics of the stars that are visible within the Field of View (FOV) – reflected on an image taken by the onboard star tracker – are formulated using simple geometric descriptions. The proposed GA minimizes the discrepancy between the characteristics of the stars inside the actual FOV and a candidate FOV selected from the on board stored star map. The global minimum of the discrepancy represents the inertial coordinates of the FOV bore-sight. The concept of a Spiral Genetic Algorithms (SGA) is proposed where the search area decreases for consecutive GA, with consequently tighter constraints, making it converge to the desired location. Also the algorithm presented has the capability of determining the rotational angle between the spacecraft’s coordinate system and that of a real star map. Simulation results indicate competitive results to current star trackers in terms of accuracy.
Gigaflop (billion floating point operations per second) performance for computational electromagnetics

Accurate and rapid evaluation of radar signature for alternative aircraft/store configurations would be of substantial benefit in the evolution of integrated designs that meet radar cross-section (RCS) requirements across the threat spectrum. Finite-volume time domain methods offer the possibility of modeling the whole aircraft, including penetrable regions and stores, at longer wavelengths on today's gigaflop supercomputers and at typical airborne radar wavelengths on the teraflop computers of tomorrow. A structured-grid finite-volume time domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based RCS code has been developed at the Rockwell Science Center, and this code incorporates modeling techniques for general radar absorbing materials and structures. Using this work as a base, the goal of the CFD-based CEM effort is to define, implement and evaluate various code development issues suitable for rapid prototype signature prediction.
Response of winter barley yield and yield components to spring infestations of the Hessian fly (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae)

The effect of spring infestations of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), on grain yield and yield components of winter barley, Hordeum vulgare L., was studied in Georgia during a severe outbreak in 1988-1989. In a small-plot study with a number of resistant and susceptible cultivars and lines, grain yield declined when spring Hessian fly infestations exceeded 40% infested culms (stems) or 1.0 immature per culm. Grain test weight was not significantly affected by Hessian fly damage. ‘Anson’ barley and two experimental lines were highly resistant Resistance presumably was caused by antibiosis that killed first instars. Examination of single culms indicated that grain weight per spike declined with increasing number of immatures per culm up to four immatures per culm, with the largest decline occurring between zero and one immature per culm. Reduced grain weight of spikes was largely attributable to fewer seeds per spike, which was caused by a reduction in spikelets per spike. Hessian fly injury affected weight per seed much less than seed number per spike. Incorporating Hessian fly resistance into barley may be useful in areas where the potential for Hessian fly damage is great
Propolis and bee health: the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees

Social immunity, which describes how individual behaviors of group members effectively reduce disease and parasite transmission at the colony level, is an emerging field in social insect biology. An understudied, but significant behavioral disease resistance mechanism in honey bees is their collection and use of plant resins. Honey bees harvest resins with antimicrobial properties from various plant species and bring them back to the colony where they are then mixed with varying amounts of wax and utilized as propolis. Propolis is an apicultural term for the resins when used by bees within a hive. While numerous studies have investigated the chemical components of propolis that could be used to treat human diseases, there is a lack of information on the importance of propolis in regards to bee health. This review serves to provide a compilation of recent research concerning the behavior of bees in relation to resins and propolis, focusing more on the bees themselves and the potential evolutionary benefits of resin collection. Future research goals are also established in order to create a new focus within the literature on the natural history of resin use among the social insects and role that propolis plays in disease resistance.
Calculating isotopic fractionation from atmospheric measurements at various scales

In this paper we describe some new approaches for calculating isotopic discrimination from atmospheric measurements of CO 2 and δ 13 C . We introduce a framework that is more flexible than the traditional “Keeling plot” two end-member mixing model, because it allows for the explicit specification of the background values of both CO 2 and δ 13 C . This approach is necessary for evaluating time series for which one can be certain that the Keeling plot requirement of stable background is violated. We also discuss a robust method for curve fitting and for estimating uncertainty of the fitting parameters. In addition to accounting for the uncertainty associated with measurements, we also account for the uncertainty associated with the appropriateness of the analytical model to the data. Our analysis suggests that uncertainty in calculated source signatures is more strongly related to the appropriateness of the model to the data than to the analytical precision of CO 2 and δ 13 C measurements. Relative to our approach, other approaches tend to underestimate the uncertainty in the fitted parameters. There can be substantial uncertainty in slopes and intercepts (two per mil or more) even if R 2 is greater than 0.98. In addition, we note that fitting methods not accounting for uncertainty in both x and y result in systematic biases in the fitted parameters. Finally, we discuss the interpretation of the apparent isotopic source signature when this is a composite of several sources. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2003.00020.x
Multidimensional numerical integration for robust design optimization

Engineers increasingly rely on computer simulation to develop new products and to understand emerging technologies. In practice, this process is permeated with uncertainty. Most of the computational tools developed for design optimization ignore or abuse the issue of uncertainty, whereas traditional methods for managing uncertainty are often prohibitively expensive. The ultimate goal of this work is the development of tractable computational tools that address these realities. As a small first step towards this goal, this paper explores the computational cost of multidimensional integration (computing expectation) for robust design optimization.
Image mapping spectrometry: calibration and characterization

Image mapping spectrometry (IMS) is a hyperspectral imaging technique that simultaneously captures spatial and spectral information about an object in real-time. We present a new calibration procedure for the IMS as well as the first detailed evaluation of system performance. We correlate optical components and device calibration to performance metrics such as light throughput, scattered light, distortion, spectral image coregistration, and spatial/spectral resolution. Spectral sensitivity and motion artifacts are also evaluated with a dynamic biological experiment. The presented methodology of evaluation is useful in assessment of a variety of hyperspectral and multi-spectral modalities. Results are important to any potential users/developers of an IMS instrument and to anyone who may wish to compare the IMS to other imaging spectrometers.
How can we find the neural correlate of consciousness

There are two concepts of consciousness that are easy to confuse with one another, access-consciousness and phenomenal consciousness. However, just as the concepts of water and H2O are different concepts of the same thing, so the two concepts of consciousness may come to the same thing in the brain. The focus of this paper is on the problems that arise when these two concepts of consciousness are conflated. I will argue that John Searles reasoning about the function of consciousness goes wrong because he conflates the two senses. And Francis Crick and Christof Koch fall afoul of the ambiguity in arguing that visual area V1 is not part of the neural correlate of consciousness. Crick and Kochs work raises issues that suggest that these two concepts of consciousness may have different (though overlapping) neural correlates--despite Crick and Kochs implicit rejection of this idea.
The Phenomenon of 'Workplace Bullying' and the Need for Status-Blind Hostile Work Environment Protection

Workplace bullying is the repeated, malicious, and health-endangering mistreatment of an employee by one or more other employees. It is common and costly to workers and employers alike. This article examines the legal and public policy implications of workplace bullying under American employment law, concluding that existing protections are inadequate and proposing the rudiments of a statute creating a claim for the intentional infliction of a hostile work environment.
Parametric processes in quasi-phasematching gratings with random duty cycle errors

Random duty cycle (RDC) errors in quasi-phase-matching (QPM) gratings lead to a pedestal in the spatial-frequency spectrum that increases the conversion efficiency for nominally phase-mismatched processes. Here, we determine the statistical properties of the Fourier spectrum of the QPM grating in the presence of RDC errors. We illustrate these properties with examples corresponding to periodic gratings with parameters typical for continuous-wave interactions, and chirped gratings with parameters typical for devices involving broad optical bandwidths. We show how several applications are sensitive to RDC errors by calculating the conversion efficiency of relevant nonlinear-optical processes. Last, we propose a method to efficiently incorporate RDC errors into coupled-wave models of nonlinear-optical interactions while still retaining only a small number of QPM grating orders.
Charge trapping in ultrathin hafnium silicate/metal gate stacks

Charge trapping characteristics of MOCVD HfSi/sub x/O/sub y/ (20% SiO/sub 2/) gate stack of n-MOSFETs during substrate injection have been investigated. Positive constant voltage stress (CVS) and constant current stress (CCS) were applied at the gate of TiN-HfSi/sub x/O/sub y/-SiO/sub 2//p-Si n-MOSFETs having EOT of 2 nm. Significant electron trapping is observed from the positive shift of threshold voltage (/spl Delta/V/sub t/) after stress. Curve fitting of the threshold voltage shift data confirms power law dependence for Hf-silicate gate stacks. Charge pumping measurements for both cases showed significant electron trapping at bulk Hf-silicate while interface trap generation was comparatively insignificant. A turn-around effect is noticed for /spl Delta/V/sub t/ as the stress current and voltage increases under CCS and CVS. Dependence of spatial distribution of charge trapping at shallow traps on stress level in the Hf-silicate film and redistribution of trapped charges during and after removal of stress is possibly responsible for the turn-around effect.
MicroRNA-126 Regulates HOXA9 by Binding to the Homeobox

The PicTar program predicted that microRNA-126 (miR-126), miR-145, and let-7s target highly conserved sites within the Hoxa9 homeobox. There are increased nucleotide constraints in the three microRNA seed sites among Hoxa9 genes beyond that required to maintain protein identity, suggesting additional functional conservation. In preliminary experiments, forced expression of these microRNAs in Hoxa9-immortalized bone marrow cells downregulated the HOXA9 protein and caused loss of biological activity. The microRNAs were shown to target their predicted sites within the homeobox. miR-126 and Hoxa9 mRNA are coexpressed in hematopoietic stem cells and downregulated in parallel during progenitor cell differentiation; however, miR-145 is barely detectable in hematopoietic cells, and let-7s are highly expressed in bone marrow progenitors, suggesting that miR-126 may function in normal hematopoietic cells to modulate HOXA9 protein. In support of this hypothesis, expression of miR-126 alone in MLL-ENL-immortalized bone marrow cells decreased endogenous HOXA9 protein, while inhibition of endogenous miR-126 increased expression of HOXA9 in F9 cells.
Nanofluid Convection in Microtubes

While there has been much previous research on the thermal conductivity and convection performance of nanofluids, these data are rarely reported together with effective viscosity data that govern the relevance for heat exchanger applications. We report here the effective convection coefficient and viscosity in microtubes (D =0.5 mm) along with stationary thermal conductivity measurements for nanofluids based on spherical particles (Al 2 O 3 , ZnO, and CuO) and carbon nanotubes. Sample data include an effective convection coefficient increase of 5% for 3 vol % Al 2 O 3 / DI water nanofluid, 13.3% for 4 vol % CuO/DI water nanofluid, and 11.6% for 0.2 vol % Carbon nanotube(CNT)/DI water nanofluid. When considered together with our viscosity measurement on the same fluids, we find that the only the CNT-based nanofluids are promising for microfluidic heat exchangers.
Recurrent headache in an elderly patient.

Dr. Brent Mabey: A 71-year-old black woman was in her usual state of good health, with controlled hypertension, until October 5, when she lost her footing on a set of stairs and fell, striking the left posterolateral side of her head on a railing. No associated dizziness, visual disturbance, or loss of consciousness occurred. The patient did develop a slight headache and a “lump” in the area of the injury, and she saw her physician the next day. His examination results were unremarkable. but because of mild headache and concern expressed by the patient, a computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the head was done on October 10, and the results were reported to be normal (Fig. 1). The patient had no further problems until October 22, when she gradually developed a severe, aching, right frontal headache while watching television; no other complaints arose at this time. She presented to the emergency department where examination revealed a healing left occipital contusion and blood pressure of 162/78 mm Hg. The neurological examination results were non-focal. Acetaminophen with codeine relieved the pain, and the patient was discharged. She presented again the next day (October 23), reporting the headache was unchanged. Examination showed no changes except for blood pressure of 190/120 mm Hg. Skull X-ray films, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and neurological consultation were obtained. The radiographs were normal, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 51 mm/hr, and the consulting neurologist reported that the patient had a probable tension headache. Patient was discharged, only to return the next day (October 24) with the same complaints. Examination results were again normal, and her blood pressure was 160/ 84 mm Hg. Because of the persistent and inadequately explained nature of the patient’s headaches, she was admitted to the hospital for observation, pain control, and a repeat CT of the head on October 25. Past Medical History included hypertension, arthritis, and an allergy to aspirin. The only medications were Aldoril@ and Valium,@ and there was no history of smoking or alcohol abuse.
Scene Parsing with Object Instance Inference Using Regions and Per-exemplar Detectors

This paper describes a system for interpreting a scene by assigning a semantic label at every pixel and inferring the spatial extent of individual object instances together with their occlusion relationships. First we present a method for labeling each pixel aimed at achieving broad coverage across hundreds of object categories, many of them sparsely sampled. This method combines region-level features with per-exemplar sliding window detectors. Unlike traditional bounding box detectors, per-exemplar detectors perform well on classes with little training data and high intra-class variation, and they allow object masks to be transferred into the test image for pixel-level segmentation. Next, we use per-exemplar detections to generate a set of candidate object masks for a given test image. We then select a subset of objects that explain the image well and have valid overlap relationships and occlusion ordering. This is done by minimizing an integer quadratic program either using a greedy method or a standard solver. We alternate between using the object predictions to refine the pixel labels and using the pixel labels to improve the object predictions. The proposed system obtains promising results on two challenging subsets of the LabelMe dataset, the largest of which contains 45,676 images and 232 classes.
EVOLUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLES OF PHOSPHAGEN SYSTEMS

Phosphagens are phosphorylated guanidino compounds that are linked to energy state and ATP hydrolysis by corresponding phosphagen kinase reactions: phosphagen + MgADP + H(+) guanidine acceptor + MgATP. Eight different phosphagens (and corresponding phosphagen kinases) are found in the animal kingdom distributed along distinct phylogenetic lines. By far, the creatine phosphate/creatine kinase (CP/CK) system, which is found in the vertebrates and is widely distributed throughout the lower chordates and invertebrates, is the most extensively studied phosphagen system. Phosphagen kinase reactions function in temporal ATP buffering, in regulating inorganic phosphate (Pi) levels, which impacts glycogenolysis and proton buffering, and in intracellular energy transport. Phosphagen kinase reactions show differences in thermodynamic poise, and the phosphagens themselves differ in terms of certain physical properties including intrinsic diffusivity. This review evaluates the distribution of phosphagen systems and tissue-specific expression of certain phosphagens in an evolutionary and functional context. The role of phosphagens in regulation of intracellular Pi levels likely evolved early. Thermodynamic poise of the phosphagen kinase reaction profoundly impacts this capacity. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the capacity for intracellular targeting of CK evolved early as a means of facilitating energy transport in highly polarized cells and was subsequently exploited for temporal ATP buffering and dynamic roles in metabolic regulation in cells displaying high and variable rates of aerobic energy production.
Bactericidal Activity of Fixed Phagocytes in Irradiated and Unirradiated Mice Treated with RNA.

CF1 female mice 9 to 10 weeks old were injected intravenously with RNA 30 min before or on the 4th day after exposure to a sublethal dose of x irradiation (550 r). Simultaneously an equal number of irradiated mice were injected intravenously with buffered saline to serve as controls. On the 5th day post-irradiation all mice were injected intravenously with Ps. aeruginosa followed 1 min later by intravenous polymyxin or colymycin. The next day all mice were killed and heart's blood cultured. Livers and spleens were removed, ground separately in tissue grinders and appropriate dilutions plated. The results of the bacterial counts indicated that the mean number of pseudomonads in livers and spleens of mice injected with RNA were slightly lower than the mean number in livers and spleens of controls but the difference was not significant. Similar results th RNA 4 days before challenge with Ps. aeruginosa.
Matching object size by controlling finger span and hand shape

The ability of human subjects to accurately control finger span (distance between thumb and one finger) was studied. The experiments were performed without visual feedback of the hand and were desi...
A New Genus of Deltocephalinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Ecuador and a New Synonym of Luheria constricta Osborn with Illustrations of the Female

The new deltocephaline leafhopper genus Oxycephalotettix is described and illustrated based one species, Oxycephalotettix tiputini sp. nov., from Ecuador, and is placed in Athysanini. The genus bears a superficial resemblance to Luheria Osborn (Luheriini), especially in the coloration of the forewing. Based on the examination of type material, Luheria constricta Osborn is herein considered a senior synonym of Tenucephalus hamatus DeLong, new synonymy. The female genitalia of L. constricta are illustrated for the first time, and the known range of this species is expanded to include Bolivia, northern Argentina, and northeastern Brazil.
New methods to measure the built environment for human-scale travel research: Individual access corridor (IAC) analytics to better understand sustainable active travel choices

While travel is an inherently linear activity, most studies rely on coarse zonal measures of the built environment, likely missing key details important to human-scale travelers (pedestrians and bicyclists). To more fully understand these relationships, this study tests a new, linear spatial unit of analysis (the individual access corridor) in combination with finer-grained geospatial data (parcel, point, street network)—in sum, human-scaled measures for human-scale travel research. This paper first analyzes the current state of practice, details the development of a set of new linear human-scaled measures, and finally, provides both a quantitative and qualitative assessment of their usefulness toward research and policy application. This paper confirms that these new measures both improve model performance and, perhaps more importantly, provide richer, more nuanced insight into the influence of the built environment on human-scale travel. For example, this study finds that smaller parcels, the presence of small personal-service retail opportunities, and narrower, well-connected streets are positively associated with walking and bicycling. Furthermore, this paper is one of the first to align built environment measures along an individual’s path, from origin to destination, as well as to provide a detailed examination of the choice of bicycle over other modes.
Human hematopoietic stem cells from mobilized peripheral blood can be purified based on CD49f integrin expression

To the editor: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) is the preferred source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and has outcompeted bone marrow for HSC-based therapies.[1][1] Umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents an alternative source of HSCs commonly used
Toxoplasma chorioretinitis following renal transplantation.

A 28-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease secondary to reflux nephropathy underwent deceased donor renal transplant. She received induction immunosuppression with thymoglobulin and methylprednisolone and maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Standard prophylaxis with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, valganciclovir, and clotrimazole was given. She had 2 episodes of antibody-mediated rejection over the first month, which were successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin, thymoglobulin, and methylprednisolone. Due to her inability to tolerate tacrolimus, she was switched cyclosporine and then belatacept. At 6 months post-transplant, she presented with blurred vision in her left eye. Fundoscopy showed a distinct left eye lesion near the fovea (Figure 1). Serum toxoplasma IgG antibody was positive while IgM was negative. By vitreous fluid sampling and polymerase chain reaction analysis a diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii (T gondii) chorioretinitis was made. She was treated Figure 1 | Left eye subfoveal opacity consistent with chorioretinit
The energy-water agriculture nexus: the past, present and future of holistic resource management via remote sensing technologies

Abstract The nexus between energy, water and agricultural production is important to consider for effective resource management and risk mitigation. New data acquisition techniques, in conjunction with cheap storage applications, have facilitated the collection and analysis of massive datasets to holistically describe natural and built environments. However, the field of coupling energy, water and agricultural management through evolving remote sensing technologies is still nascent. We find that remote sensing technologies are being increasingly utilized for resource management, but there are still large opportunities to deploy these technologies to achieve integrated resource management goals. Thus, this article aims to bridge remote sensing and integrated resource management communities, which have largely developed in isolation, so that technologies can be developed to assist in achieving sustainable development. The opportunities and challenges highlighted in this article can guide technology development, research opportunities and create new interdisciplinary research partnerships.
A Scalable Intelligent Tutoring System Framework for Computer Science Education

Computer Science is a difficult subject with many fundamentals to be taught, usually involving a steep learning curve for many students. It is some of these initial challenges that can turn students away from computer science. We have been developing a new Intelligent Tutoring System, ChiQat-Tutor, that focuses on tutoring of Computer Science fundamentals. Here, we outline the system under development, while bringing particular attention to its architecture and how it attains the primary goals of being easily extensible and providing a low barrier of entry to the end user. The system is broadly broken down into lessons, teaching strategies, and utilities, which work together to promote seamless integration of components. We also cover currently developed components in the form of a case study, as well as detailing our experience of deploying it to an undergraduate Computer Science classroom, leading to learning gains on par with prior work.
Model predictive variable structure control with model following for forebody vortex flow control

Aircraft which are required to fly effectively at high angles-of-attack must overcome two fundamental difficulties: generally poor dynamic characteristics, especially with respect to damping, and low control authority of conventional aerodynamic effecters. One solution to improve closed-loop tracking of pilot commands is to employ a model-following controller approach, whereby an aircraft with poor dynamics at high angle-ofattack is made to track the outputs of a model of the same aircraft at low angle-of-attack, thereby emulating its good dynamics. An improved solution is the extension to combine the model-following controller with a controller that can augment the yaw control power by effectively modulating forebody pneumatic vortex flow nozzles. This paper presents the synthesis and design of both high angleof-attack lateral/diiectional controllers for a generic X-29A equipped with forebody vortex flow control nozzles. Results demonstrate that both controllers are effective in improving closed-loop tracking of input commands and high angle-of-attack maneuverability, compared to a conventional flight control scheme using only aerodynamic control effecters, and without model-following. Nomenclature H altitude feet h integration stepsize seconds M Mach number m number of continuous control variables n number of state variables P number of bang-bang variables, also perturbed body axis roll rate degrees/second Psf pounds per square feet *Graduate Research Assistant, Aerospace Engineering Department. Student Member AIAA. ‘Assistant Professor, Aerospace Engineering Department. Senior Member AIAA. Copyright @ 1999 by Daigoro Ito and John Valasek. published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 r V PVC a P 6 h n 4 R dynamic pressure pounds/fee? perturbed body axis yaw rate degrees/second velocity feet/second pneumatic vortex control angle-of-attack degrees sideslip angle degrees deflection degrees eigenvalue sub-matrix of inverted quad-partition matrix bank angle degrees set of real numbers Suuerscriuts * star trajectory time derivative transpose of matrix or vector -1 inverse of square matrix Subscriuts bb bang-bang effector C canard corn commanded value df differential flap k value at k’ sample time m model aircraft r rudder sf symmetric flap Stf strake flap tr tracker aircraft 1 trim value Introduction The deployment of lethal, reliable, all-aspect, short range missiles such as the AIM-9X series into the modern air combat arena has diminished the emphasis on sustained maneuvering capabilities [ 11. These “point-and-shoot” weapons have prompted interest in controlled flight at angles-of-attack well beyond that for maximum lift. Poststall maneuvering in the low-speed, high angle-of-attack portion of the flight envelope, popularly referred to as
Separation of human urinary proximal tubular cells from familial hypercholesterolemic homozygotes by Ficoll gradient centrifugation. Morphological and biochemical characteristics.

The isolation of renal proximal tubular (PT) cells from the fresh urinary sediment (UrS) of familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) homozygotes using discontinuous Ficoll gradient centrifugation was studied. For comparative purposes, cultured cells derived from normal human UrS or kidney were also studied. Unfractionated PT cells were nucleated and 90–99% of the cells excluded trypan blue. Both the unfractionated and fractionated cultured normal PT cells contained numerous empty cytoplasmic vesicles. In contrast, similar preparations from the UrS of FH homozygotes contained membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic vesicles that stained with the Papanicolaou (Pap) reagent and were strongly positive with a fluorescein-labeled antibody against lactosylceramide. The PT cells of FH homozygotes contained 2.0 to 2.5 fold higher activity of γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase, respectively, than the unfractionated UrS cells. We conclude that human PT cells can be separated from other UrS cells by Ficoll gradient centrifugation, and that most, if not all of the LacCer present in the UrS of FH homozygotes is associated with the PT cells. Purified PT cells should provide a useful model to test the biochemical mechanisms of LacCer accumulation in FH.
Minimierung von Verschleiß und Reibungsverlusten durch neue Kolbenbolzenbeschichtung

Diamantahnliche Kohlenstoffschichten (DLC = Diamond Like Carbon) zeichnen sich durch sehr vorteilhaftes Reib- und Verschleisverhalten aus. Federal-Mogul Nurnberg GmbH hat an beschichteten und unbeschichteten Serienkolbenbolzen vergleichende linear-abrasive Verschleisuntersuchungen gegenuber verschiedenen Gegenkorperwerkstoffen durchgefuhrt und ausgewertet. Zudem wurden diese Ergebnisse anhand von verschiedenen Motorlaufen bewertet. Sowohl durch die ausermotorische Prufung als auch durch die Motorergebnisse konnte das enorme Potenzial von DLC-Schichten zur Verschleis- und Reibverlustminimierung sowie zur Reduzierung der Fressneigung sehr gut aufgezeigt werden.
Multiyear Patterns of Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers and Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.

BACKGROUND Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are at increased risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) presumably because of chronic inflammation. Data on the relationship between long-term serum inflammatory biomarkers and the development of CRN in UC are limited. METHODS We performed a 5-year study (2009-2013) of demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data of patients with UC from an inflammatory bowel disease registry in relation to the development of CRN. Disease activity was evaluated by UC activity index and by serum biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hemoglobin, platelets, and albumin levels. A score based on the combination of median CRP and median albumin levels (0: both normal, 1: one of them abnormal, 2: both abnormal) was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 773 patients with UC (median age 46 yr, 46.4% women) were included. Fifty-five patients (7.1%) developed CRN. Patients with UC and CRN had significantly higher median CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelets and lower hemoglobin and albumin levels compared with those without CRN. The prevalence of a CRP-albumin score (1 or 2) was significantly higher in the CRN group (40.0% or 30.9% versus 14.2% or 6.0%, respectively, P < 0.0001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, CRN was associated with male gender (P = 0.01), disease duration (P = 0.04), extensive colitis (P = 0.03), concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis (P = 0.0003), median albumin levels (P = 0.03), and an increased CRP-albumin score (score 1 or 2) (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS Long-term serum inflammatory markers including the CRP-albumin score are associated with increased risk of CRN in patients with UC.
Practical Steps and Reasons for Action

L'A. defend la doctrine du parallele selon laquelle les raisons de l'action peuvent etre comprises en parallele avec la conception inferentielle des raisons de la croyance. Definissant l'analogie pratique non pas en termes d'inference, mais en termes d'etape pratique (step), l'A. montre que la doctrine du parallele implique l'abandon de tout inferentialisme concernant les raisons de l'action
Control of diabetes in childhood.

Among the factors contributing to the metabolic lability of juvenile diabetics and affecting control of the disease are the variability of dietary intake and physical activity, the changing insulin requirements, and the associated emotional stress. While efforts to limit glucosuria as far as possible with avoidance of hypoglycemia are highly desirable, efforts to keep the urine sugar- free at all times will usually result in frequent and severe hypoglycemic reactions and are not warranted in terms of avoiding the vascular complications.
Quantifying inadvertent thermal bowel injury from the monopolar instrument

Insulation defects are observed in 3–39 % of laparoscopic instruments. Electrosurgical injuries due to insulation defects or capacitive coupling remain an issue in laparoscopic surgery with a prevalence of 0.6–5 per thousand cases. Shielded instruments with active electrode monitoring (AEM) have been postulated to prevent these injuries. The benefit of these instruments has not been quantified. Most bowel injuries are unrecognized intra-operatively. Injury is revealed only after the patient exhibits peritonitis symptoms and surgical intervention to repair the bowel is required. These injuries may result in devastating and costly complications or mortality. The extent of bowel injury possible with commonly used generator settings and associated energy output has never been histologically defined. Our objectives in this experimental study were: quantify and compare the energy released through insulation defects or capacitive coupling with standard unshielded monopolar versus shielded instruments with (AEM), determine energy required to cause a visible burn, and relate the histological burn depth to a given amount of energy. Ex vivo porcine jejunum was used for tissue testing. An oscilloscope measured energy output from three common electrosurgical generators at recommended power settings with standard or AEM instruments with insulation defects and in capacitive coupling scenarios. Presence of a visible burn was noted, and depth of tissue damage for a given amount of energy was measured histologically. All samples that received ≥3.8 J of energy had visible burns. As little as 10 J caused full wall thickness burns. 3.8 J was exceeded at the 30- and 50-W power settings in every experimental scenario using standard monopolar instruments; AEM instruments never approached this much energy. Serious burn injury results from small amounts of energy leaked from standard instruments. AEM instruments appeared protective and did not leak sufficient energy to cause burn injuries to the bowel.
Granular Cell Tumors

These tumors were previously referred to as choristomas, granular cell myoblastoma, granular cell pituicytoma, and granular cell schwannoma. Unlike granular cell tumors arising in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, which are thought to be of Schwann cell origin, pituitary granular cell tumors are considered to be unique neoplasms of the neurohypophysis and pituitary stalk; they have been suggested to derive from pituicytes. They are benign, indolent, and slow-growing tumors with little potential for invasion or malignant transformation. They are the most common lesions to arise primarily in the neurohypophysis and have been discovered in 9 % of routine neurohypophysis autopsy specimens. Symptomatic tumors are quite rare, corresponding to less than 0.5 % of tumors involving this region. The tumors typically present in adult patients (mean age 48 years) with symptoms of mass effect, including headache and visual loss. They occur more frequently in women than in men (2:1). Granular cell tumors comprise 0.17 % of resected sellar lesions in major transsphenoidal series.
The tensor fascia lata flap.

Although the tensor fascia lata flap is limited in some respects by being thin, this becomes an advantage in the reconstruction of the abdominal wall and groin. Its sensory potential has also made it a useful neurosensory free flap and the flap of choice for coverage of pressure sores.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) perturb miR-9-MCPIP1 axis to block IL-1β-induced IL-6 expression in human OA chondrocytes.

ABSTRACTAim of the Study: High levels of IL-6 are believed to contribute to osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis. The expression of IL-6 is regulated post-transcriptionally by the miR-9-MCPIP-1 axis in chondrocytes. Vorinostat (SAHA) inhibits the IL-6 expression in OA chondrocytes. We investigated whether SAHA suppresses the expression of IL-6 by perturbing the miR-9-MCPIP1 axis in OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions. Materials and Methods: OA chondrocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion and treated with IL-1β in the absence or presence of SAHA. Genes and protein expression levels were determined by TaqMan assays and Western blotting, respectively. Secreted IL-6 was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCPIP1 promoter deletion mutants were generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Promoter recruitment of transcription factors was determined by ChIP. Nuclear run-on was employed to measure the ongoing transcription. siRNA-mediated knockdown of the CEBPα expression was empl...
Iatrogenic spinal hematoma as a complication of lumbar puncture: What is the risk and best management plan?

Background Lumbar puncture (LP) rarely results in complications such as spinal hematomas. However, it remains unclear if certain variables increase likelihood of these events, or if surgical intervention improves outcome. Methods In addition to two clinical vignettes, we evaluated the post-1974 literature for cases of spinal hematoma and subsequent intervention. Based on our compilation of data, we evaluated outcome relative to numerous distinct variables. Results Based on 35 LP-related spinal hematoma cases in the post-1974 literature and our encounters, we found 28.6% of patients presenting with preexisting coagulopathy had poor outcomes regardless of intervention, relative to 14.3% of patients without coagulopathy; a highly significant difference (P = 0.02). Once diagnosed, 21 patients were treated surgically and 14 nonsurgically. Of the 60% surgical patients, 57.1% had good outcomes, and 42.9% had poor outcomes within 12 months. Of 40% nonsurgical patients, 57.1% had good outcomes and 42.9% had poor outcomes. Results in these groups were not statistically different. Conclusions We found a significant correlation between preexisting coagulopathy and poor neurological outcome irrespective of intervention. However, outcomes for these patients may be confounded by comorbidities including underlying conditions contributing to their coagulopathy. No significant correlation between type of surgical intervention and good outcome was found, possibly attributable to the paucity of details in existing case reports and the difficulty defining the degree of spinal cord compromise from a given lesion. Despite our findings, emergent neurosurgical intervention may be beneficial for the management of complications such as cauda equina syndrome secondary to intrathecal spinal hematoma.
What the Future Holds: The Goals of Emerging Adult Women at Three Socioeconomic Locations

Hallmarks of emerging adulthood include exploring and envisioning one’s future. However, how one sees the future may vary by social location, particularly at the intersection of gender and socioeco...
FinSAL: FinFET-Based Secure Adiabatic Logic for Energy-Efficient and DPA Resistant IoT Devices

With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT), there is an urgent need to design energy-efficient and secure IoT devices. For example, IoT devices such as radio frequency identification tags and wireless sensor nodes employ AES cryptographic module that are susceptible to differential power analysis (DPA) attacks. With the scaling of technology, leakage power in the cryptographic device increases, which increases their vulnerability to DPA attack. This paper presents a novel FinFET-based secure adiabatic logic (FinSAL), that is energy-efficient and DPA-immune. The proposed adiabatic FinSAL is used to design logic gates such as buffers, XOR, and NAND. Further, the logic gates based on adiabatic FinSAL are used to implement a positive polarity Reed Muller architecture-based S-box circuit. SPICE simulations at 12.5 MHz show that adiabatic FinSAL (20-nm FinFET technology) S-box circuit saves up to 81% of energy per cycle as compared to the conventional S-box circuit implemented using FinFET (20-nm FinFET technology). Further, the security of adiabatic FinSAL S-box circuit has been evaluated by performing the DPA attack through SPICE simulations. We proved that the FinSAL S-box circuit is resistant to a DPA attack through a developed DPA attack flow applicable to SPICE simulations. Further, the impact of FinSAL on hardware security at different technology nodes of FinFETs (7, 10, 14, and 16 nm) are evaluated. From the simulation results, FinSAL gates at 14-nm FinFET offer superior security with optimum power consumption, therefore is the best candidate to design low-power secure IoT devices.