cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supervision Styles in Probation and Parole: An Analysis of Activities

Abstract Supervision of offenders in the community remains a critical component of the correctional processes in the United States. With almost six million offenders under correctional supervision in the community, there has been relatively little attention and few resources devoted to the style and quality of supervision received by these offenders. As a result of the lack of research regarding the style of probation and parole supervision, there is a need to identify and quantify styles of casework and surveillance supervision. This article describes a research project that identifies the key functions of parole and probation officers, reports self- and peer-rating on a casework to surveillance continuum, and establishes an instrument that can be used to create baseline information regarding how probation and parole officers spend their time, and whether the functions officers perform are casework, surveillance, or a balance of the two.
A petrologic geotherm from a continental rift in Antarctica

Abstract Most of our knowledge about geothermal gradients in continental-rift zones has been determined indirectly from heat-transfer calculations based on surface heat flow, inferred heat production, inferred heat-transfer mechanisms, etc. We document a petrologically determined crustal geotherm from a continental-rift environment in the Ross Sea and adjacent Transantarctic Mountains. This geotherm is based on thermobarometry of garnet, spinel, and olivine granulites included in Cenozoic alkaline volcanic rocks. The barometry yields pressures that are in good agreement with the geophysically-defined depth to the base of the crust in the Transantarctic Mountains (≈ 40–43 km) and the Ross Embayment (≈ 20–28 km). The thermometry yields very high temperatures (900–1000°C) in the middle and lower crust. These high temperatures and the shape of the geotherm clearly indicate that advection, rather than conduction, was the dominant heat-transfer mechanism in the lower and middle crust of this rift environment. Injection of alkaline basaltic magmas is the likely cause of the advective heat transfer. The data require the upper crust to have an average geothermal gradient of at least 50–100°C/km. Such a high geothermal gradient, without evidence of crustal melting, suggests that the lower crust was free of granitic compositions. It also presents strong support for thermal-expansion models for the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains.
Sustained star formation in the central stellar cluster of the Milky Way

THE central stellar bulge of our Galaxy is commonly thought to consist predominantly of a coeval population of very old (~1010yr) stars1–3. But evidence for young4 and intermediate-age stars5,6 in the bulge is accumulating. Here we argue that star formation has been occurring in the molecular gas near the centre of the bulge throughout the lifetime of the Galaxy, and that the resulting stellar population is evident as the prominent infrared7,8 'r−2 central star cluster' (a cluster whose space density decreases as the square of the distance from the centre). Although our hypothesis is at odds with the standard view that this central cluster is the innermost part of the more extended and ancient bulge9–11, sustained star formation is consistent with both the available observational data and simple models of mass inflow and collisionally induced star formation in this region. Even if the central star-formation rate is relatively modest, it appears that the stellar population of the Galactic bulge has been augmented substantially since its birth.
A Transgenic Animal Model Resembling Amelogenesis Imperfecta Related to Ameloblastin Overexpression

Genetic diseases that affect tooth enamel are grouped under the classification amelogenesis imperfecta. Human pedigrees and experiments on transgenic and null mice have all demonstrated that mutations to the secreted proteins amelogenin, enamelin, and enamelysin result in visibly, structurally, or mechanically defective enamel. In an attempt to better define a physiologic function for ameloblastin during enamel formation, we have produced transgenic mice that misexpress the ameloblastin gene. These transgenic animals exhibit imperfections in their enamel that is evident at the nanoscale level. Specifically, ameloblastin overexpression influences enamel crystallite habit and enamel rod morphology. These findings suggest enamel crystallite habit and rod morphology are influenced by the temporal and spatial expression of ameloblastin and may implicate the role of the ameloblastin gene locus in the etiology of a number of undiagnosed autosomally dominant cases of amelogenesis imperfecta.
Lipid lowering therapy as an important adjunct to stroke prevention in coronary heart disease patients

Lipid altering pharmacotherapy has been shown to reduce stroke in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. Several mechanisms of cerebrovascular protection attributed to these agents include reduction in embolic stroke from cardiac, aortic and carotid sites, delayed progression of carotid stenoses, stabilization of vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaque and improvement in cerebral blood flow. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
ESP: a language for programmable devices

This paper presents the design and implementation of Event-driven State-machines Programming (ESP)—a language for programmable devices. In traditional languages, like C, using event-driven state-machine forces a tradeoff that requires giving up ease of development and reliability to achieve high performance. ESP is designed to provide all of these three properties simultaneously.ESP provides a comprehensive set of features to support development of compact and modular programs. The ESP compiler compiles the programs into two targets—a C file that can be used to generate efficient firmware for the device; and a specification that can be used by a verifier like SPlN to extensively test the firmware.As a case study, we reimplemented VMMC firmware that runs on Myrinet network interface cards using ESP. We found that ESP simplifies the task of programming with event-driven state machines. It required an order of magnitude fewer lines of code than the previous implementation. We also found that model-checking verifiers like SPIN can be used to effectively debug the firmware. Finally, our measurements indicate that the performance overhead of using ESP is relatively small.
Stable and unstable near-resonant states in multilevel, severely truncated, quasi-geostrophic models

Multilevel, severely truncated, quasi-geostrophic models with damping that extend from the surface to 100 km, are used to study the stationary-wave response to orography and the concomitant feedbacks on the zonal flow. For a typical winter zonal-wind profile, it is shown that large amplitude or resonant planetary waves of intermediate zonal wavenumbers of about 4 or 5 occur with an equivalent barotropic structure. It is also shown that wave-zonal flow interaction with a mountain torque and temperature transport is stable to small perturbations on the low side of resonance and unstable on the high side of resonance. Resonant zonal wavenumbers of lower wave wavenumber also occur for the same zonal profile and have a node in the vertical with a small amplitude maximum near the surface and a larger amplitude maximum in the stratosphere. Instability depends on the presence of the orography and the basic asymmetric state as Newtonian damping and surface friction are sufficient to damp the baroclinic instability associated with a linear inviscid model.
Recombinant human DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase. II. Steady-state kinetics reveal allosteric activation by methylated dna.

Initial velocity determinations were conducted with human DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase (DNMT1) on unmethylated and hemimethylated DNA templates in order to assess the mechanism of the reaction. Initial velocity data with DNA and S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) as variable substrates and product inhibition studies with methylated DNA and S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) were obtained and evaluated as double-reciprocal plots. These relationships were linear for plasmid DNA, exon-1 from the imprinted small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated polypeptide N, (CGG.CCG)(12), (m(5)CGG. CCG)(12), and (CGG.CCG)(73) but were not linear for (CGG. Cm(5)CG)(12). Inhibition by AdoHcy was apparently competitive versus AdoMet and uncompetitive/noncompetitive versus DNA at </=20 microM AdoMet. Addition of the product (methylated DNA) to unmethylated plasmid DNA increased V(max(app)) resulting in mixed stimulation and inhibition. Velocity equations indicated a two-step mechanism as follows: first, activation of DNMT1 by methylated DNA that bound to an allosteric site, and second, the addition of AdoMet and DNA to the catalytic site. The preference of DNMT1 for hemimethylated DNA may be the result of positive cooperativity of AdoMet binding mediated by allosteric activation by the methylated CG steps. We propose that this activation plays a role in vivo in the regulation of maintenance methylation.
Long cycles in 3-connected graphs in orientable surfaces

In this article, we apply a cutting theorem of Thomassen to show that there is a function f: N → N such that if G is a 3-connected graph on n vertices which can be embedded in the orientable surface of genus g with face-width at least f(g), then G contains a cycle of length at least cnlog32, where c is a constant not dependent on g. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 41: 69–84, 2002 MSC Primary 05C38 and 05C50 Secondary 57M15.
Industrial hygiene assessment of reticuloendotheliosis viruses exposure in the poultry industry

Objectives Reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV) are a group of retroviruses like avian leukosis/sarcoma viruses (ALSV) that naturally infect and cause cancers in chickens. We recently found that ALSV antibody levels were associated with job tasks in the poultry industry. The objectives of this study are to examine whether a similar association can be found with REV antibody levels and to examine the correlation between REV and ALSV antibody levels.
THE ENZYMES OF LECITHIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN HUMAN NEONATAL LUNGS. IV. PHOSPHORYLCHOLINE CYTIDYLTRANSFERASE

The Enzymes of Lecithin Biosynthesis in Human Neonatal Lungs. IV. Phosphorylcholine Cytidyltransferase
Oligomeric state of the oxalate transporter, OxlT.

OxlT, the oxalate transporter of Oxalobacter formigenes, was studied to determine its oligomeric state in solution and in the membrane. Three independent approaches were used. First, we used triple-detector (SEC-LS) size exclusion chromatography to analyze purified OxlT in detergent/lipid micelles. These measurements evaluate protein mass in a manner independent of contributions from detergent and lipid; such work shows an average OxlT mass near 47 kDa for detergent-solubilized material, consistent with that expected for monomeric OxlT (46 kDa). A disulfide-linked OxlT mutant was used to verify that it was possible detect dimers under these conditions. A second approach used amino-reactive cross-linkers of varying spacer lengths to study OxlT in detergent/lipid micelles and in natural or artificial membranes, followed by analysis via sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These tests, performed under conditions where the presence of dimers can be documented for either of two known dime...
Changes in serum prolactin and corticosterone in induced maternal behavior in rats

Abstract Maternal behavior (nest-building, retrieving and nursing) was induced and maintained in virgin rats by continuous exposure to young (3–7 days old) pups for 10 and 30 days. Maternally behaving rats on diestrus 1 were then deprived of young for 5 hr and bled by decapitation at 14:30. A similar group of maternally behaving rats was pup-deprived for 5 hr, but again exposed to young rats from 14:30 to 15:30 before decapitation. Similar protocols were followed in naive virgin rats, in parturient mothers on the 10th day of lactation, and in multiparous mothers approximately 5 months after their last delivery or exposure to pups. No significant difference in serum prolactin levels was found at 14:30 in maternally behaving rats when compared with virgin or multiparous animals. By 15:30 the one hr re-exposure to young rats had increased prolactin levels in maternally behaving animals, a tendency similar to that observed during actual maternal behavior in lactating mothers. Initial presentation of pups to either naive virgin or non-lactating multiparous rats resulted in reduced prolactin levels and increased corticosterone concentrations one hour later. In addition, corticosterone levels were elevated at 14:30 in maternally behaving and parturient rats deprived of young for 5 hr. These data show that an inverse relationship exists between serum corticosterone and prolactin levels in non-maternal females one hour after novel exposure to pups, and that these hormonal relationships can be altered considerably following induction of maternal behavior over a 10 or 30 day period. It is significant that the gross behavior which is induced by specific sensory information is associated with a hormonal release pattern similar to that occurring in actual maternal behavior.
Propane hydrogenolysis as a chemical probe on the stability of niobia surface oxide supports

Surface oxides, which consist of one oxide deposited onto another, constiture an important class of catalytic materials. In such a system the dispersion of the surface, or supported, phase is to a large extent controlled by the oxide-oxide interfacial interactions. Such interactions can stabilize the surface phase as a highly dispersed monolayer and in so doing, significantly change its catalytic properties in relation to the bulk oxide. A complication arises when a surface oxide is used as a support for metal catalysts. Since there are now metal-oxide as well as oxide-oxide interactions, one needs to address the fundamental issue of how the interaction of the surface oxide with the support affects its interaction with the metal. In previous work with Ni supported on Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-SiO{sub 2}, the authors have demonstrated that a monolayer of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} deposited onto SiO{sub 2} exerts the same mechanism of metal-support interaction, however, is weaker due to the lower concentration and mobility of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} which is stabilized by SiO{sub 2}. One significant consequence is that under the same reducing conditions, the Ni particles on the Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-SiO{sub 2} support have less of the decoration species and remain relatively active formore » structure-sensitive reactions such as hydrogenolysis. In the case of propane hydrogenolysis, the activity of Ni is almost 1000 times lower on Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} than on SiO{sub 2}, but only an order of magnitude lower on Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}-SiO{sub 2}. In this note the authors describe a method which takes advantage of the vastly different support behavior of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} and SiO{sub 2} to study the thermal stability of Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5} surface oxides. Even though the method is illustrated for propane hydrogenoysis over Ni, the same idea is applicable to any system in which the surface and supporting oxides have very different reactivities with respect to a particular probe.« less
How Reliable is the Story of the Nag Hammadi Discovery

James Robinson’s narrative of how the Nag Hammadi codices were discovered is popular and compelling, a piece of ﬁne investigative journalism that includes intrigue and blood vengeance. But there are several different, conflicting versions of the story, including two-person (1977), seven-person (1979) and eight-person (1981) versions. Disagreements include the name of the person who ﬁrst found the jar. Martin Krause and Rodolphe Kasser both questioned these stories in 1984, and their scepticism is corroborated by the Channel 4 (UK) series, The Gnostics (1987), which features Muhammad ‘Ali himself, in his only known appearance in front of camera, offering his account of the discovery. Several major points of divergence from the earlier reports raise questions about the reliability of ‘Ali’s testimony. It may be safest to conclude that the earlier account of the discovery offered by Jean Doresse in 1958 is more reliable than the later, more detailed, more vivid versions that are so frequently retold.
Analysis and suppression of latch-up during IGBT mode of DG-BRT operation

Abstract The influence of P-base doping concentration on the saturation characteristics of the dual gate BRT (DG-BRT) structure in the IGBT mode of operation is analyzed in this paper by two dimensional simulation. The common base current gains ( α PNP and α NPN ) of the inherent PNP and NPN transistors within the DG-BRT structure have been extracted as a function of operating current density. Based upon these values, it is demonstrated that, by using P-base concentration of 5×10 18 cm −3 , the sum of the current gains ( α PNP + α NPN ) can be made less than unity in the IGBT mode of operation to suppress latch-up. This results in a significant enhancement of the forward biased safe operating area.
Lipolytic activity with the membrane fraction of bovine skim milk.

Abstract Colloidal phosphate-free skim milk was subjected to gel filtration on Sepha-rose 4B. Lipolytic activity was observed in the membrane material eluted in the void volume fraction and in the protein fraction representing a broad range of molecular weights.
Implementing a Hospital-Based Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Program:

All hospitals should have a formal adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting program in place in order to meet their professional obligation as members of the health care community and to help ensure quality of care within their institution. Although ADR reporting is the responsibility of all health professionals, in actuality it belongs to the hospital pharmacy department. Implementation of an ADR reporting program is similar to that of other quality assurance programs in that it needs to be tailored to the needs and resources of the individual hospital. However, the following steps are integral to any ADR reporting program: defining ADRs ; developing mechanisms for the identification and investigation of ADRs ; designing means for maintaining the program: and designating personnel to carry out the program. This article will discuss each of these steps and make suggestions to assist readers in implementing an ADR reporting program in their hospitals.
An investigation of weld fracture surfaces and mechanical properties of two gamma titanium aluminide alloys

Two gamma titanium aluminide sheet materials were investigated to characterize the fusion zone cracking and mechanical properties that occur for specimens subjected to gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). The materials used in this study consisted of essentially the same composition; however, one was received in the primary annealed (PA) condition and the other in the designed fully lamellar (DFL) condition. For both materials, all of the specimens welded with a stationary torch (spot welds) cracked catastrophically immediately after welding. The PA specimens exhibited a different mechanism of fracture in the fusion zone compared with the DFL specimens. The fractures that occurred in the PA specimens followed an interdendritic path through regions that did not completely solidify prior to the occurrence of cracking, whereas for the DFL specimens the primary mechanism of fracture was cleavage. For the butt welded specimens, no cracking occurred. For both materials, specimens welded parallel to the rolling direction exhibited more distinct preferred growth of columnar grains than those welded perpendicular to the rolling direction. The weld structure/property relationship is also discussed.
The Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerrilla Government

(2009). The Ethics of Dissent: Managing Guerrilla Government. International Review of Public Administration: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 127-129.
Practice variation in suspected neonatal sepsis: a costly problem in neonatal intensive care.

The most common admission to intensive care nurseries is the infant with suspected neonatal sepsis. To determine the clinical practice of neonatologists with respect to this diagnosis, we examined a large neonatal database during a 2-year period of time. The goal of this study was to define whether there were optimal practice strategies that could identify a “benchmark” clinical approach for this diagnosis. The PROACT© database of ParadigmHealth was examined for all term infants with an admitting ICD – 9 code for suspected neonatal sepsis between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2002. Infants had to be asymptomatic by 24 hours of life with no significant respiratory signs and receiving oral feedings. All infants had negative blood cultures. Maternal risk factors were examined to determine if they influenced the duration of therapy. The impact of treatment upon subsequent length of stay was also evaluated. Several areas of the country were individually examined to see if possible regional variations existed with respect to treatment of suspected sepsis. There were no significant differences noted in the management when maternal risk factors for suspected sepsis were assessed. In general, neonates were treated for 3.3±1.8 to 3.5±2.1 days, regardless of the number of maternal risk factors present at birth (p=NS). Length of stay ranged from 4.2±2.1 to 4.4±1.9 days in these groups (p=NS). The duration of treatment ranged from 1 to 10 days, even though all infants were clinically well and feeding by 24 hours of life. A total of 170 infants (17.0%) were treated for 4 to 6 days and 116 (11.6%) neonates received antibiotics for 7 to 10 days, even with negative blood cultures. One region of the country appeared to treat infants for a longer period of time than the other four regions examined, increasing the mean length of stay by 1.8 days (p<0.05). Treatment of neonates with suspected sepsis appears to be influenced by considerations other than maternal risk factors or the infant's clinical condition beyond the first day of life. There appears to be a great deal of practice variation among neonatologists confronted by patients with suspected sepsis. Awareness of this unnecessary variation may be of great value in reducing the duration of antibiotic therapy in the NICU and shortening the length of stay.
Adaptive nonlinear filter using fractal geometry

A new filter is described which uses fractal geometry in its synthesis. The important characteristic of the filter is that it allows some wanted high frequency parts of time series data to pass while rejecting other unwanted parts of the data.
17 OHPC for prevention of preterm birth in twins: back to the drawing board?

u h b Preterm birth is a complex phenotype with varied mechanisms of parturition based on risk factor. Multiple gestations account for a significant and disproportionate percentage of the neonatal morbidity and mortality rates that are associated with prematurity. As clinicians, we encounter more women with twin pregnancies than ever before and are faced with making decisions about which, if any, therapies to offer this select group of women who are at increased risk of preterm birth. For years, the mechanisms of preterm birth have eluded both the researcher and the clinician. Widely accepted risk factors for preterm birth include a history of preterm birth, multiple gestations, and a short cervix. Targeted counseling of women can be onerous and quite complicated because we often encounter those women with multiple risk factors, some of which, in combination, may not have been addressed adequately by the published studies. Therapeutic modalities such as cervical cerclage and home terine activity monitoring have fallen short in reducing the rate of preterm birth in twin gestations. In fact, cervical cerclage has been shown to increase adverse outcomes. One of the most promising therapies in recent years is the introduction of weekly 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate (OHPC) 250 mg injections. Since the publication of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development-Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit trial in 2003 that found a 30% reduction in recurrent preterm birth in women with a singleton gestation and a history of spontaneous preterm who were treated with weekly 17 OHPC injections, investigators have ttempted to use this therapy for both multiple gestations and nulliparous women with a short cervix without success. These findings illustrate that the mechanism of preterm birth is complex and multifaceted and that the application of a proven therapy for one at-risk group may not be effective for all. Sonographic measurement of the cervix has also been used to identify women with twin gestations who are at increased
Psychosocial correlates and depression in Vietnamese adolescents

This paper reports findings on depression in a sample of 38 Vietnamese adolescents. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the empirical use of psychosocial variables and stressful life event measures in predicting depression. Self-esteem (Esteem) and SLEs scales were entered in blocks and explained for 68 percent of the total variance in depression (CES-D scale). Esteem accounts for 30 percent of the overall variance. The SLE block contributes another 39 percent above and beyond in the prediction of depression. Death, PTSD, and Peer stress scales were significant predictors (p<.01). The mean CES-D depression score was 16.32 (SD=10.95). A cutoff score of 16 was used to classify those adolescents who were depressed from those who were not depressed (Radloff, 1977).
Circadian rhythms in female ants, and loss after mating flight

Abstract 1. 1. In constant temperature and alternating light and dark, females of Veromessor andrei and V. pergandei showed an activity peak corresponding with the time of mating flight in the field. 2. 2. Clock features seen in one or both species included: a definite phase relationship to the external day, which was shifted by a changed lighting cycle; a rise toward the peak before dawn; persistence in constant dim light. 3. 3. In alternating light and dark, winged females of V. pergandei were markedly rhythmic in “racetrack” activity, in “trying-to-get-out” activity and in appearance above the surface of a dirt nest. Wingless (post-flight) females studied simultaneously did not appear rhythmic in any of these ways; their activity level was much lower; and they were photonegative instead of photopositive like the winged females. 4. 4. Thus a profound change occurs at the time of mating flight.
High-resolution far-infrared spectroscopy at NSLS beamline U12IR

Abstract A Bruker model IFS 125HR Fourier transform interferometer has been installed and its performance tested using high-brightness, far-infrared synchrotron radiation. Results of absorption measurements for the rotational modes of water vapor demonstrate a nearly 10-fold improvement in signal-to-noise when compared with the instrument’s internal high-pressure Hg arc lamp source.
Velopharyngeal Orifice Area: A Replication of Analog Experimentation

Warren and DuBois (1964) have proposed a modification of the Theoretical Hydraulic Principle and the Hydrokinetic Equation for use in predicting velopharyngeal orifice area. In the study reported h...
Seismic performance of steel frames with reduced beam section connections

Abstract Reduced beam section (RBS) moment resisting connections are among the most economical and practical rigid steel connections developed in the aftermath of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake. Although extensive experimental testing and some numerical simulations have shed light on the behavior of this type of connection, system level studies of RBS steel frames are still quite limited. As part of this research, nonlinear pushover and transient analyses of 4-, 8-, and 16-story frames with RBS connections are conducted with the objective of developing a better understanding of RBS frame behavior and exercising as well as critiquing the recently published FEMA-350 design specifications. The analyses confirm that in spite of inherently low overstrength, RBS frames are capable of economically providing good seismic performance in regions of high seismic risk. Other structural behavior issues with design implications are also discussed.
Massive neutrinos, helium production and the primordial magnetic field

Experimental evidence1 for a non-zero neutrino rest mass, mv≠0, while still controversial2, poses intriguing cosmological questions3–10. One reassurance is that the possibility of non-zero masses does not necessarily alter previous predictions of the standard big-bang model for the primordial 4He abundance, Y. We show here that a non-zero neutrino rest mass, mv ∼ 10eV, may provide the most stringent upper limit proposed to date on the strength of any ordered, primordial magnetic field: B0≲4 × 10−9/mv (eV) G. This limit is set by requiring that previous predictions of the standard big bang model for the primordial 4He abundance remain unaltered by the spin procession and subsequent thermalization of right-handed, as well as left-handed, Dirac neutrinos in the early Universe.
Absorption of the Protective Agent from Rats Resistant to a Transplantable Sarcoma

So definite, oftentimes, is resistance to a second inoculation in animals that have rid themselves of transplantable neoplasms, and so striking its resemblance to the immunity elicited by most bacterial diseases, that search for an immune body has been industriously pursued ever since spontaneous cure was first observed, now nearly thirty years ago. None has been found which would meet all criticism, and no less an authority than Russell (1) was forced to the conclusion that there are no features in the refractory state comparable to the antibodies evolved against infective organisms. The almost innumerable attempts to discover a protective agent need not be discussed here for they have been already reviewed (2, 3), nor need the more recent investigations of Lumsden (4) be considered, since a situation complex enough as it stands has been made still more difficult by the introduction of a foreign species.
Design of QET phonon sensors for the CDMS ZIP detectors

Abstract The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) ZIP detectors utilize quasiparticle trapping as the mechanism for coupling the energy of a particle interaction in the Ge (or Si) absorber into a tungsten (W) transition edge sensor (TES). Consequently, the dynamics of quasiparticle propagation and loss significantly impact the energy collection and resolution of the detector. This paper describes the considerations necessary in optimizing the detector surface geometry in order to have maximal quasiparticle collection.
The Effect of a State Education Reform Act on Environmental Education and Interpretative Facilities

Abstract Environmental education and interpretive facilities in Texas were surveyed to determine the effects on their attendance, management, and programming of a state education reform bill. The bill potentially restricted the ability of public school teachers to take classes on field trips to off-campus educational centers. Findings indicated that facility attendance did decline during the twelve months following passage of the legislation. The survey also found that many environmental education and interpretive facilities made programming and management changes to adapt to the bill. These changes were associated with various facility characteristics and may have been responsible for a subsequent recovery in attendance levels.
Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.

Abstract Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a serious disability. It is usually the result of arthritis that leads to fibrous or bony ankylosis. Because of the stunted growth of the mandible and atrophy of disuse of the muscles of mastication, it leads to deformities of the face. The treatment of advanced cases is surgical excision of the mandibular condyle. The complications are due to the compact anatomy, and are numerous and serious. The postoperative care consists of simple measures to promote hypertrophy of the muscles of mastication. The operation is recommended even at an early age.
The effect of chloramphenicol and rifampicin on the “nicking” and “membrane attachment” of bacteriophage λ DNA☆

Abstract The cleavage of the closed circular form of λ phage DNA in infected cells is dependent upon functions specified by phage genes O and P . The addition of either chloramphenicol or rifampicin to a culture of induced lysogenic bacteria rapidly inhibited the destruction of closed circular DNA from a superinfecting phage indicating that the endonucleolytic activity controlled by genes O and P is unstable. However, the derepressed prophage was able to complement the nicking activity of a superinfecting O − or P − phage for up to 1 hr after induction, suggesting that the O and P gene products are continually synthesized even though they are metabolically labile. Induced lysogenic cells were superinfected with λc 17 which contains a new promotor site and is constitutive for rightward transcription. The superinfecting λc 17 DNA formed a rapidly sedimenting “membrane complex” in the presence of chloramphenicol even though nicking of closed circular DNA was inhibited. The inhibition of nicking after chloramphenicol addition is, therefore, not due to limited amounts of an unstable gene N protein. In contrast to chloramphenicol, rifampicin inhibited the membrane binding of super-infecting λc 17 DNA suggesting that transcription of the phage DNA enhances membrane complex formation.
Documenting and classifying labor: the effect of legal discourse on the treatment of H-2A workers

The H-2A temporary agricultural worker program is a large-scale governmental program that is touted as a legal and documented avenue for nonimmigrant foreign workers to gain temporary employment in the USA. This paper historically situates the H-2A program within the larger history of American temporary work programs and argues that the H-2A program has inadequately curtailed the exploitation of temporary agricultural workers by focusing on documenting immigration through a lengthy application process and complex classification system, while failing to properly document the employment conditions of temporary agricultural workers once they have arrived in the USA. The analysis of the federal government’s documentation and classification practices exposes how discursive practices are legitimized through the legal codes of two statutory regimes, labor and immigration law, and exposes how these discursive practices create rigid worker classifications that largely structure the debate on immigration and the rights of documented and undocumented workers.
The changing employment situation in some cities with living wage ordinances

Abstract More than 120 municipalities (cities, towns, and counties) have introduced living wage ordinances. These laws mandate that certain employers in their jurisdiction pay their workers wages that are above federal and state minimum levels. The opponents of these laws argue that these ordinances have adverse impacts on local labor markets. This study considers rates of growth of employment and unemployment trends in a sample of these cities before and after they introduced their living wage ordinances. It finds that while a few cities have had negative labor market experiences after introducing their living wage law these cities represent the exception rather than the rule.
Disruption of the retinal basal lamina during early embryonic development leads to a retraction of vitreal end feet, an increased number of ganglion cells, and aberrant axonal outgrowth

Bacterial collagenase was injected into the vitreous of the eye of chick and quail embryos. Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies revealed that the collagenase dissolved the retinal basal lamina of the injected eye. The basal lamina disruption was first detectable 1 hour after enzyme injection and was complete within 3 hours. With further development, the retinal basal lamina was not reestablished; newly developing neuroepithelium in the peripheral retina, however, generated an intact basal lamina. Western blot analysis showed that Clostridial collagenase degraded various collagens but spared noncollagenous proteins. Basal lamina disruption of embryonic day 3 to 6 retinae led to the retraction of the end feet of the neuroepithelial cells, caused an increase in the number of Islet-1+ cells (most likely ganglion cells), an increase in the thickness of the optic fiber layer, and aberrant growth of optic axons on their way toward the optic disc. None of these changes were observed when retinal basal laminae were disrupted at later stages of development. The present data demonstrate that the retinal basal lamina, by anchoring the neuroepithelial cells to the pial surface of the retina, has an important function in the development of the normal cytoarchitecture of this structure. It is proposed that the altered extracellular environment in the vitreal part of the retina, resulting in the retraction of the neuroepithelial end feet, is responsible for the increased number of Islet-1+ cells and the aberrant axonal navigation.
Loss of uranium from crystallized silicic volcanic rocks

Abstract Dense primarily crystallized silicic groundmass material from two welded ash-flow units and one lava flow of Tertiary age from the Western United States contain only 20 to 60 percent of the uranium present in nonhydrated glass from the rock units. These differences reflect loss of uranium from the crystallized specimens, probably as a result of groundwater leaching. It appears likely that most crystallized silicic volcanic rocks have lost comparable amounts of uranium.
Solar storage systems using salt hydrate latent heat and direct contact heat exchange—I preliminary design considerations

Abstract The operating characteristics of a salt hydrate latent heat storage system, using Glauber's salt and direct contact heat exchange through an immiscible heat transfer fluid, have been studied theoretically. Drop dynamics and heat transfer models from the literature were used to predict the system behaviour for a range of conditions involving heat transfer fluid inlet temperature and drop size, composition and crystallization temperature of the salt and vessel contact height. The results of these calculations are used to guide the specification of an approx. 1 10 scale pilot heat storage unit which has been constructed and operated successfully.
Revised structure of alboctalol

A revised structure was deduced for alboctalol from NMR studies. Racemic alboctalol octamethyl ether was synthesized by treatment of oxyresveratrol tetramethyl ether with acid.
Progress in the fabrication of γ-ray detectors from high purity germanium

A planar detector with a depletion layer width of 8mm has been fabricated from high purity germanium. A total system resolution of 2.4 keV at 1.33MeV is obtained with 600 volts bias on this detector. Another detector with a 3mm thick depletion region which was operated at 2000 volts bias yielded a system resolution of 1.65 keV at 1.33 MeV. Thin window detectors have been fabricated by using a glow discharge of BF3 or PF5. This technique has also been used to form ohmic contacts on high purity germanium.
PRAAGE88: An interactive IBM-PC code for aging analysis of NUREG-1150 systems☆

Abstract The effects of time dependent failure rates caused by the aging of components are becoming increasingly important in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and reliability analyses of nuclear power plant systems. In the NRC Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) program, the effects of aging in nuclear systems are being evaluated through the use of time varying failure rates that are determined as a function of the age of the system. These analyses involve complex systems and include various sensitivity studies; thus, the PRAAGE88 computer code was developed to facilitate these calculations. PRAAGE88 is an IBM PC based code that computes system unavailability, component unavailability, and various importance measures for use in evaluating the effect of aging on reactor systems. This paper describes the methodology utilized in the code, its capabilities and areas of application.
PHOTOCYTOTOXICITY OF CURCUMIN

Curcumin, bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-diene-3,5-dione, is a yellow-orange dye derived from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa. Curcumin has demonstrated phototoxicity to several species of bacteria under aerobic conditions (Dahl, T. A., et al., 1989, Arch. Microbiol. 151 183), denoting photodynamic inactivation. We have now found that curcumin is also phototoxic to mammalian cells, using a rat basophilic leukemia cell model, and that this phototoxicity again requires the presence of oxygen. The spectral and photochemical properties of curcumin vary with environment, resulting in the potential for multiple or alternate pathways for the exertion of photodynamic effects. For example, curcumin photogenerates singlet oxygen and reduced forms of molecular oxygen under several conditions relevant to cellular environments. In addition, we detected carbon-centered radicals, which may lead to oxidation products (see accompanying paper). Such products may be important reactants in curcumin's phototoxicity since singlet oxygen and reduced oxygen species alone could not explain the biological results, such as the relatively long lifetime (t1/2 = 27 s) of the toxicant responsible for decreased cell viability.
Low-Temperature Homoepitaxial Growth with SiCl4 Precursor Compared to HCl Assisted SiH4-Based Growth

Chlorinated silicon precursor SiCl4 was investigated as a source of additional chlorine instead of or in combination with HCl during the low temperature (13000C) halo-carbon epitaxial growth. No Si cluster cloud was visible inside the hot-wall susceptor indicating negligible homogeneous gas-phase nucleation. The growth rate was significantly enhanced compared to the SiH4-case, but was relatively close to the SiH4+HCl case. Similar to the SiH4+HCl growth, the increase of the growth rate caused by suppressed cluster formation was less significant than expected. The depletion of the growth species by vigorous polycrystalline deposition upstream of the hot zone, which was earlier reported for the SiH4+HCl growth, was also significant in the SiCl4-based growth. Closer to the growth zone, carbon species also get incorporated in the polycrystalline deposits.
The low cycle fatigue behavior of spinodally decomposed Fe26Cr1Mo alloys

Abstract The low cycle fatigue of spinodally decomposed Fe-26Cr-1 Mo high purity ferritic stainless steel was studied in comparison with the solution treated homogeneous state under constant plastic strains and strain rates at room temperature. Correlation between cyclic softening and the demodulation of composition waves was examined by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Surface and dislocation microstructures were investigated by optical microscopy and TEM. The cyclic stress response was quite different between as-quenched and aged materials. Aged materials showed hardening for the first few cycles followed by softening, reaching a minimum point and hardening again, whereas as-quenched materials showed only hardening throughout the test. SANS and TEM observation suggest that the cyclic softening mechanism observed is similar to that seen in f.c.c. spinodal alloys.
Prediction of all-cause mortality by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Optimism-Pessimism Scale scores: study of a college sample during a 40-year follow-up period.

OBJECTIVE To examine a measure of explanatory style, the Optimism-Pessimism (PSM) scale derived from college-entry Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scores, as a predictor of all-cause mortality. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 7007 students entering the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory during the mid-1960s. Of those students, 6958 had scores on the PSM scale and data for all-cause mortality through 2006. Scores on the PSM scale were evaluated as predictors of mortality using the Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for sex. During the 40-year follow-up period, 476 deaths occurred. RESULTS Pessimistic individuals who scored in the upper tertile of the distribution had decreased rates of longevity (hazard ratio, 1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.77) compared with optimistic individuals who scored in the bottom tertile of the distribution. CONCLUSION In a model that adjusted only for sex, a measure of optimistic vs pessimistic explanatory style was a significant predictor of survival during a 40-year follow-up period such that optimists had increased longevity.
Transition of Youth From Pediatric to Adult Care: Physician's Perspective and Recommendations

Transition from pediatric care to adult services is a normal transition for all adolescents; however for youth with spinal cord injury or other special health care needs, this transition requires special attention. Proactive management should begin early and address expectations of both caretakers and the individual youth. The transition process should include not only health management and transfer to adult care but also education, vocational planning, independent living, and psycho-emotional health. Individuals need to be viewed holistically with recognition that their health and quality of life can be positively enhanced by a successful transition from adolescence into adulthood.
Medical Image Communication System: Plan, Management And Initial Experience In Prototype At The University Of North Carolina

The revolution in data handling associated with digital systems has excited the medical world into considering replacing existing methods. The integration of digital with analogue video systems into a complete electronic communications network holds tremendous promise. One area where these changes will have significant impact is in medical imaging. The potential of more and better information being,obtained from current studies, more rapid access to studies, intercomparison of images from different modalities, savings in space and equipment, reduced procedure time, improved communication in a distributed department, remote image consultation, and timely data base for management are only some of the advantages that can accrue from proper use of electronic systems. In the hospital, the traditional radiology department is becoming a medical imaging de-partment. To effect a change from the ubiquitous silver halide film base system into a more electronic department will necessitate much experimentation. At the University of North Carolina we are attempting to involve the entire department in these endeavors as well as others such as biomedical engineering, computer science and traditional clinical areas. To facilitate this, a management system has been developed and is being used. The system, our architectural draft of a future department and the initial problems and questions which have arisen from implementing a prototype system will be the subject of this report.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Constraint checking with partial information

Constraints are a valuable tool for managing information across multiple databases, as well as for general purposes of assuring data integrity. However, efficient implementation of constraint checking is difficult. In this paper we explore techniques for assuring constraint satisfaction without performing a complete evaluation of the constraints. We consider methods that use only constraint definitions, methods that use constraints and updates, and methods that use constraints, updates, and “local” data.