cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A spectral Phase–Amplitude method for propagating a wave function to large distances

Abstract The phase and amplitude (Ph–A) of a wave function vary slowly with distance, in contrast to the wave function that can be highly oscillatory. Hence the Ph–A representation of a wave function requires far fewer computational mesh points than the wave function itself. In 1930 Milne presented an equation for the phase and the amplitude functions (which is different from the one developed by Calogero), and in 1962 Seaton and Peach solved these equations iteratively. The objective of the present study is to implement Seaton and Peach’s iteration procedure with a spectral Chebyshev expansion method, and at the same time present a non-iterative analytic solution to an approximate version of the iterative equations. The iterations converge rapidly for the case of attractive potentials. Two numerical examples are given: (1) for a potential that decreases with distance as 1 / r 3 , and (2) a Coulomb potential ∝ 1 / r . In both cases the whole radial range of [0–2000] requires only between 25 and 100 mesh points and the corresponding accuracy is between 1 0 − 3 and 1 0 − 6 . The 0th iteration (which is the WKB approximation) gives an accuracy of 1 0 − 2 . This spectral method permits one to calculate a wave function out to large distances reliably and economically.
The significance of unusual zoning in olivines from FAMOUS area basalt 527-1-1

Major element, Ni, Mn and Ca electron microprobe analyses of olivine phenocrysts in one of the most primitive basalts from the FAMOUS area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 527-1-1, reveal two different olivine populations, distinguished by their zoning characteristics. The often skeletal Group I olivines have zoning profiles with high forsterite, high Ni, low Mn, and low Ca cores. These profiles can be explained by low pressure crystallization from the 527-1-1 magma on cooling. The equant, often megacrystic Group II olivines also have high forsterite, low Mn cores, but the cores have low Ni compared to rims. Thus they are normally zoned with respect to Mg, Fe, and Mn but reversely zoned with respect to Ni. For example, Ni ranges from 1,700 ppm at Fo90.5 in the core to 2,100 ppm at Fo89.5 at the rim. In view of the published whole rock and mineral data of le Roex et al. (1981), the most likely explanation for these data is that the Group II olivines are xenocrysts assimilated from solidified “plagioclase-pyroxene” basalts through which the 527-1-1 basalt ascended. The diffusion rate of Ni and size of the xenocrystic olivines are used to calculate the residence time of the assimilated olivines in the magma. An alternative hypothesis would be a high pressure origin for the Group II olivines. This would be possible if future experiments show that with increasing pressure the partition coefficient for Ni decreases relative to the partition coefficient for Mg for a given bulk composition. Current evidence suggests this is unlikely. The data from 527-1-1 and other samples from the FAMOUS area require magmas with distinct Ni-MgO-FeO characteristics. In general, MORB from different ridge segments fall on distinct trends on plots of MgOvs. Ni as well as MgOvs. FeO. Calculation of the MgO and Ni contents of primary magmas suggests a mechanism by which such distinct trends could come about.
Cesium-137 Body Burdens in Alaskan Eskimos during the Summer of 1965

Cesium-137 body burdens of Anaktuvuk Pass, Alaska, residents during the summer of 1965 were about 30 percent less than during 1964. Lower amounts of cesium-137 in the people reflected a similar decrease of this isotope in caribou flesh, which serves as the principal food of the natives.
Evaluating APSIM Maize, Soil Water, Soil Nitrogen, Manure, and Soil Temperature Modules in the Midwestern United States

Published in Agron. J. 106:1025–1040 (2014) doi:10.2134/agronj2013.0421 Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ABStrAct
Electron-diffraction study of hydrogen isotope effects in cyclohexane

Abstract The electron-diffraction data for cyclohexane and perdeuterated cyclohexane were analyzed and the results were compared. It was found that r g (C-C) = 1.535 A (±0.002) for both compounds; r g (C-H) = 1.116 A (±0.004) and r g (C-D) = 1.109 A (±0.003). Observed hydrogen isotope effects in mean amplitudes agree very well with calculated ones. The C-C bond distance of cyclohexane is in good agreement with some of the previous studies, which is of importance in view of a recent scaling controversy involving this parameter.
A Model for the Adsorption Equilibria of Solutes with Multiple Adsorption Orientations

Both direct and indirect experimental evidence indicates that nonspherical adsorbates adopt multiple out-of-plane orientations on solid substrates. Few existing models account explicity for this ef...
Pure α-Subunit-Secreting Mouse Pituitary Tumor: Inhibition of Growth and Secretion by Combined Treatment with Thyroxine and Bromocriptine*

We have recently documented the spontaneous development of a mouse pituitary tumor line (MGH 101A) secreting only the a-subunit of the glycoprotein hormones. Secretion of a-subunit by MGH 101A was not inhibited by either physiological or pharmacological levels of thyroid hormones. The present study demonstrates that combined treatment with bromocriptine and pharmacological doses of T4 for 1 month significantly decreased both tumor growth and a-subunit secretion of MGH 101A in thyroidectomized host mice. Either treatment alone was ineffective. The fall in plasma a-subunit concentrations after the combined treatment was probably due to the inhibition of tumor growth, since 1) the decreases in plasma a-subunit levels and tumor weights were quantitatively similar, and 2) there was no significant change in tumor steady state concentrations of a-subunit mRNA. In two of three experiments, the combined treatment resulted in a significant fall in tumor total DNA concentrations; this suggests that decreased tumor g...
Vowel shortening in English

Etude de l'alternance vocalique en anglais dans le cadre de la phonologie metrique : l'abregement, et les lois de syllabation des syllabes fermees
Antineoplastic Effects of N6-(△2-Isopentenyl)adenosine against L-1210 Mouse Lymphocytic Leukemic Cells Using a Polymeric Delivery System

Abstract N 6 -(△ 2 -Isopentenyl)adenosine (I), a nucleoside previously shown to be cytotoxic against several types of tumor cells, was impregnated in silicone polymer monolithic disc devices for release in vitro against lymphocytic mouse leukemia cells. Plotting the cumulative amount of N 6 -(△ 2 -isopentenyl)adenosine released per unit area of the device versus the square root of time revealed a linear relationship. However, the higher loading dose tended to rapidly release any drug deposited on the polymer surface. The optimum loading dose of the device for the most effective antileukemic activity in 24 hr was calculated based on a plot of the release rate versus the square root of an initial loading dose. The silicone polymer-I delivery system enabled a sustained and controllable release of additional agent. It was thus possible to achieve virtually total inhibition of leukemic cell replication using the polymeric delivery system. Increased concentrations of I, without the use of the polymeric system, resulted in maximum 24 hr inhibition of only ~ 81%, followed by a decline in overall antileukemic activity. It is possible to achieve a more predictable release rate of N 6 -(△ 2 -isopentenyl)aden-osine and corresponding antileukemic activity using a polymeric delivery system against L-1210 mouse leukemic cells in vitro. The relative data indicate the ED50 concentrations to be considerably less using the polymeric delivery system.
Plumage coloration, not length or symmetry of tail-streamers, is a sexually selected trait in North American barn swallows

Sexual adornments often vary markedly across a species' range, which presumably is owing to differences in local environmental conditions and the associated selection pressures, such as natural versus sexual selection or the relative signaling value of different ornamental traits. However, there are only a few reported examples in which the information content of mating signals varies geographically, and even fewer in which a set of secondary sexual traits serves different signaling functions in different populations. Classic studies of sexual selection in the European barn swallow (Hirundo rustica rustica) demonstrate that elongate tail-streamers provide several reproductive advantages to males and females and are used as reliable signals of mate quality. Here, we show that tail-streamers do not appear to confer these same benefits in a population of barn swallows from North America (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster). Instead, ventral plumage coloration, which is more exaggerated in North American swallows compared with their European counterparts, predicts patterns of assortative mating and annual reproductive success in H. r. erythrogaster. These observations support the idea that ornamental traits can serve different functions among animal populations and suggest that geographic variation in different sexual signals may facilitate population divergence, which may ultimately lead to speciation. Copyright 2004.
The Effects of Oxygen and Strontium Vacancies on the Superconductivity of Single Crystals of Bi2sr2-Xcuo6-Y

Single crystals of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2-x}CuO{sub 6-y} were grown from CuO-rich melts. The Sr content in the crystals was varied from x=0.1 to x=0.5 by varying the starting composition of the melt and the oxygen content was adjusted using an appropriate heat treatment of the crystals in a thermogravimetric system. With decreasing Sr content the superconducting transition temperature, {Tc}, of the crystals decreased rapidly from 10 K to below 4.2 K and the resistivity in the a-b plane changed from metallic (linear in T from 30 to 300 K) to semiconducting. Reducing the oxygen content in the crystals had a similar effect on the resistivity. Only crystals with close to the maximum oxygen content (y=0) were superconducting, and removal of oxygen from previously superconducting crystals resulted in a rapid decrease of {Tc}, and the eventual loss of superconductivity ({Tc} < 4.2 K). Although crystals of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2-x}CuO{sub 6-y} could be made sequentially superconducting-semiconducting-superconducting by the addition-removal-addition of oxygen, the process was not totally reversible. After only one such cyclic heat treatment x-ray diffraction indicated that for some compositions such cycling resulted in the appearance of CuO and another layered structure that has been identified previously and is slightly deficientmore » in CuO. The new layers structure is semiconducting and has a layer-stacking repeat distance that is 1 {angstrom} smaller than the superconducting 221'' phase. 9 refs., 3 figs.« less
Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Monoclonal Antibodies

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) and type 2 (BPV-2) are the etiologic agents of fibropapillomas in cattle. Polyclonal antisera produced against BPV-1 structural antigens are cross-reactive with BPV-2. In this study BPV-1 type-specific monoclonal antibodies were produced that were not reactive with BPV-2. These monoclonal antibodies could be used for identification of BPV-1 structural antigens in acetone-fixed, frozen sections by immunofluorescence and Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections by immunoperoxidase techniques. In addition, these antibodies could be used for identification and purification of BPV-1 virions by immune electron microscopy and immunoadsorption techniques, respectively.
'But I'm not a counsellor': The nature of role strain experienced by female professors when a student discloses sexual assault and intimate partner violence

AbstractSexual assault and intimate partner violence victimisations are a major concern for the college community. College students who experience victimisation at times turn to their female professors as a listening ear. Due to conflicting role expectations, these professors may experience role strain when responding to student disclosures. This paper presents research in which professors were interviewed regarding student disclosures of sexual assault and intimate partner violence and asked about resulting strain. Findings indicate that professors are at times confused as to their exact role in assisting their students and are personally affected by the disclosures.
Respiratory protection for firefighters--evaluation of CBRN canisters for use during overhaul.

In the United States, there are approximately 366,600 structural fires each year. After visible flames are extinguished, firefighters begin the overhaul stage of firefighting to smother remaining hot spots and initiate investigations. Typically during overhaul significant ambient concentrations of chemical contaminants remain. However, previous research suggests that the use of air purifying respirators (APR) fitted with chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) canisters may reduce occupational respiratory exposures. This pilot study used large-scale prescribed burns of representative structural materials to perform simultaneous, side-by-side, filtering and service-life evaluations of commercially available CBRN filters. Three types of CBRN canisters and one cartridge were challenged in repetitive post live-fire overhaul exposure tests using a sampling manifold apparatus. At a flow rate of 80L/min, nine tests were conducted in the breathing zone for three different exposure durations (0–15 m...
Healing of necrobiotic ulcers with antiplatelet therapy. Correlation with plasma thromboxane levels.

: Necrobiosis lipoidica in diabetics has been considered to be a cutaneous manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy. Seven diabetic patients with necrobiotic ulcers of recent onset that healed after administration of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole had elevated thromboxane levels. Healing was associated with depression of the elevated thromboxane levels in all seven patients.
Mechanisms of cholinergic dysfunction in rabbits following recurrent aspiration of cow's milk*

Recurrent aspiration of cow's milk has been shown to alter neural control of airways in young rabbits (Gelfand et al., 1997). The purpose of this study was to define the mechanisms responsible for in vitro cholinergic hyperresponsiveness in this model. Beginning at 1 week of age, rabbits received either 0.5 mL/kg whole cow's milk or sterile saline intranasally while under light anesthesia. This was repeated each weekday for 2 weeks. At 8 weeks of age, rabbits were sacrificed. Portions of lungs underwent lavage with sterile saline. Tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) segments were also removed. Segments were assessed for acetylcholine (ACh) release by high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) with electrochemical detection or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) kinetic activity by spectrophotometry. Substance P (SP), a neuropeptide that can increase ACh release from nerves, was also assessed using an enzyme immunoassay to define the content in lavage and TSM segments. Immunohistochemistry for SP within airways was also assessed. We found that recurrent aspiration of milk led to statistically significant alterations in many parameters. Acetylcholine release was significantly greater in segments of airways from rabbits that had aspirated cow's milk (27.5 ± 1.7 vs. 20.1 ± 1.6 pmol/min/g tissue) than saline. At the same time, AChE activity was less in the group that aspirated milk (8.7 ± 0.4 vs. 10.2 ± 0.5 nmol/min/mg protein) compared to saline. The amount of SP within both lavage as well as tissue homogenates was greater in the group that had aspirated the foreign protein (159.1 ± 28.9 vs. 41.9 ± 5.2 pmol/mg protein in lavage; 158.7 ± 31.9 vs. 80.5 ± 7.8 pmol/mg protein in tissues) than saline controls. While total cholinergic nerve density as assessed by choline acetyltransferase was not significantly different between groups, SP-positive immunoreactive nerves were easily identified in the group that aspirated cow's milk. This study suggests that cholinergic hyperresponsiveness caused by repeated aspiration of milk is due to several abnormalities, including prejunctional (increase in ACh release) as well as junctional (decrease in AChE) mechanisms within the airways. In addition, an upregulation of SP within airways is part of this process. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2001; 32:409–417. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prevention of an additional surgery for regional lymphadenectomy in melanoma: rapid intraoperative immunostaining of sentinel lymph node imprint smears

Background Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is performed at many institutions and is considered a standard of care in the management of cutaneous melanoma. The discriminatory immunostaining pattern with the 'MCW Melanoma Cocktail' (a mixture of MART-1 {1:500}, Melan- A {1:100}, and Tyrosinase {1:50} monoclonal antibodies) allows intraoperative immunocytochemical evaluation of imprint smears of SLNs for melanoma metastases. Cohesive cells of benign capsular melanocytic nevi that were also immunoreactive with the cocktail do not exfoliate easily for imprint smear detection.
Chromoendoscopy and Advanced Imaging Technologies for Surveillance of Patients with IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease patients with long-standing colitis have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The high rate of interval colitis-associated cancers among patients who adhere to a nontargeted, random biopsy surveillance strategy underlies the need for improved methods of early dysplasia detection. Compelling evidence supports the efficacy of chromoendoscopy for increasing the detection rate of dysplasia; however, this technology is currently underutilized in the clinical setting. Other contrast-based technologies—including confocal laser endomicroscopy (Pentax), endocytoscopy, multiband imaging, i-scan (Pentax), and molecular-targeted techniques—show promise in the detection of dysplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. The strategies currently available for identifying patients with dysplasia or colitis-associated cancers remain inadequate and need to demonstrate both cost and time efficiency before they can be adopted in community-based practices.
The effect of water hydraulic permeability on the settling of a soft contact lens on the eye.

Purpose: Silicone-elastomer soft contact lenses (SCLs) adhere to the cornea during wear, whereas silicone-hydrogel soft contact lenses exhibit adequate on-eye movement. One explanation for the observed immunity to binding of silicone-hydrogel lenses is that some interstitial water is expelled during blinking, therefore maintaining a more stable post-lens tear film (PoLTF). We examine quantitatively whether or not water can be squeezed by hydrodynamic flow through a silicone-hydrogel membrane driven by the applied lid force during a blink. Methods: A rigid, porous-disk model of a contact lens was devised to calculate the relative settling rates of a permeable versus a completely impermeable SCL. The settling rate depended strongly on the value of the hydraulic permeability for pressure-driven water flow through the lens. Because the hydraulic permeability of water through silicone-hydrogel materials is not well-known, we measured this value. At steady state, water was forced through flat membranes of repre...
Dilettante or Renaissance Person? How the Order of Job Experiences Affects Hiring in an External Labor Market

Social actors who move across categories are typically disadvantaged relative to their more focused peers. Yet candidates who compile experiences across disparate areas can either be appreciated as...
Mode coupling in superconducting parallel plate resonator in a cavity with outer conductive enclosure

We have carefully studied the mode coupling effect from analysis of the measured microwave scattering parameters of superconducting films using a parallel-plate-resonator technique. Due to its high resolution and simplicity, this technique has been widely employed to identify the quality of high-T/sub c/ superconducting films by measuring the resonance bandwidth, from which the microwave surface resistance is directly derived. To minimize the radiation loss, the resonator is usually housed in a conductive cavity. Using this method, we observe that a number of strong "cavity" modes due to the test enclosure fall around the lowest TM mode of the superconducting resonator and that a strong interaction between these two types of resonant modes occurs when their eigenfrequencies are close, causing a significant distortion or a strong antiresonance for the resonator mode. To describe this effect, a coupled harmonic-oscillator model is proposed. We suggest that the interaction arises from a phase interference or a linear coupling among the individual oscillators. Our model fits very well the observed Fano-type asymmetric or antiresonant features, and thus can be used to extract the intrinsic Q of the superconducting resonator.
Examining Differences in Socialization Opportunities Among Student Work Groups in a University Recreation Department

This study contributes to the limited knowledge on university recreation and student affairs part-time student employment programs, and how this experience can promote student development. The research examines differences in socialization opportunities perceived by student employees of a campus recreation department. Socialization was measured using group cohesion (a measure of the individual’s attachment to the group). Analysis determined that African American student employees perceived a significantly lower overall level of cohesion compared with Caucasian and Hispanic student employees. In addition, students working in program areas that required less interdependence and limited ongoing training perceived significantly lower levels of cohesion compared with student employees working in positions that required regular in-service training and job-task interdependence. The authors discuss implications of the findings, recommendations for student development professionals, and suggestions for future rese...
Health behavior theory constructs and smoking and cessation-related behavior among survivors of ten cancers nine years after diagnosis: A report from the American Cancer Society's Study of Cancer Survivors-I.

Objective Quitting smoking is important for cancer prognosis, but some cancer survivors continue to smoke. This study examined psychological correlates of smoking status and patterns, likelihood of quitting, and intentions to quit among long-term survivors. Methods Cross-sectional relationships between psychological constructs from health behavior theories (e.g., perceived risk, quitting barriers) and smoking and cessation-related behavior were examined among survivors of 10 cancers. Survivors were recruited by stratified random sampling from cancer registries in a nationwide, longitudinal, quality-of-life study (n=2938). Results Approximately 9 years post-diagnosis, survivors who currently smoke (compared with those who quit before or after diagnosis) perceived health problems caused by smoking as less severe, perceived fewer benefits of quitting for cancer survivors, greater barriers to quitting, and reported more daily exposure to others’ smoking. Survivors intending to quit (vs. those not intending or unsure) perceived greater risks of smoking for cancer prognosis, more severe health effects from smoking, fewer benefits of smoking, and greater social pressure to quit. Nondaily smokers had higher levels of self-efficacy and less exposure to others’ smoking compared to daily smokers. Conclusions Long-term cancer survivors’ perceptions of the risks of smoking for cancer prognosis, the severity of health problems from smoking, cessation barriers, and the benefits of quitting are appropriate targets for interventions for continuing smokers. Nondaily smokers may be especially amenable to intervention. Survivors’ daily exposure to others’ smoking should also be addressed in treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified П-shaped finite impulse response filter for stabilization of QT measurement

In drug-safety study, the measurements of QT intervals require to have a level of precision to detect small drug-induced prolongation (∼ 5 msec). This paper discusses a modified approach of П-shaped FIR Filter to optimize the quality of signal and improve the stability of QT/QTc interval measurements. The proposed filter is designed to have a time-dependent frequency characteristic based on pre-defined fiducial points of the EKG. The radius of regular П-shaped FIR filter is modified to obtain different frequency characteristics between QRS and the repolarization interval. The evaluation of QTc stability was based on the standard deviations of QTc interval when measured from Holter ECG signals from 20 healthy subjects filtered with the proposed five versions of the П-shaped FIR filter. The result shows that the standard deviation of QTc interval with hybrid filter revealed an averaged 50% increase of stability in comparison to other filter, such as the regular П-shaped FIR filter, and the traditional FIR filters.
GENDER AND ONLINE DISCOURSE IN THE PRINCIPLES OF ECONOMICS

Collaboration is the heart of online learning. Interaction among course participants brings excitement to the online environment and creates knowledge as a group activity. Impediments to active collaboration reduce group, as well as individual, potentialities. Past studies of online discussions have found differences in the style of female and male conversations that could impede the learning process. The conversational styles of female and male students in two online principles of economics classes were analyzed in the present study. The null hypothesis posited no difference in the styles of online discourse between female and male students. The null hypothesis was rejected, implying gender differences in conversational styles. The tone of male postings was more optimistic than the tone of female postings. Female conversations used words revealing social isolation and the rejection of social norms. The paper also discussed the issue of the male X-factor in the principles of economics from a sociolinguistic perspective.
Historical Change in Vegetation and Disturbance on the Georgia Piedmont

Abstract Due to the extensive removal of the forest cover of the southeastern piedmont during the 19th century and to the lack of systematic presettlement records for most of this region, there has been little basis for relating the piedmont's maturing postsettlement secondary forest to its pre-European condition. This study compares species composition patterns between pre-European and present periods for a portion of the Georgia piedmont that had a systematic presettlement land survey. Detrended correspondence analysis of presettlement, immature postsettlement, and mature postsettlement forests identifies a primary gradient that distinguishes between the vegetation of these periods on the basis of habitat moisture preferences and fire tolerance of species. A secondary gradient emphasizes life history characteristics of species that typically differentiate immature and mature postsettlement forests; presettlement forests were not dominated by the late successional species typical of mature postsettlement...
A novel Sp1-related cis element involved in intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene transcription

We have used sodium butyrate-treated HT-29 cells as an in vitro model system to study the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) gene activation. Transient transfecti...
Possible Educations for Archivists: Integrating Graduate Archival Education with Public History Education Programs

Recent discussions regarding archival education have replaced the debate over administrative position with discussions on how to improve archival curricula in the universities. However, little has been said about how this curricula will be integrated with the educational programs of the allied professions. The author looks at the opportunities and problems of integrating with public history education programs. He examines three areas: how public history education can enhance archival education; problems between archivists and public historians that must change to ensure the success of educational integration; and key concepts to consider as part of public history programs' educational mission to better accommodate an improved archival curriculum.
Severe head injury: effect upon cellular immune function.

Infection is a major cause of morbidity following severe head injury. Although investigations have demonstrated central nervous system modulation of immune function, the effects of severe head injury on immune activity have not been well documented. This study prospectively investigated cellular immune function in 20 patients with isolated severe head injury. In vivo cellular immune status was determined by responses to delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin tests. In vitro studies included the effect of the lymphocyte mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), on peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) phenotype expression and PBL blastogenesis. DTH skin testing demonstrated anergy to all antigens used during the first two weeks following head injury. Analysis of PBLs incubated with PHA demonstrated a decrease in the percent of PBL blastogenesis (p = 0.002), the percentage of cells marking as T-cells (p = 0.018), helper T-cells (p less than 0.001) and those expressing interleukin-2 receptors (p less than 0.001). There was a significant increase in the percentage of cells that marked as monocytes (p = 0.030), whereas there was no significant change in the percentage of B-cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells, natural killer cells or in cells expressing the HLA-DR antigen. The infection rate was 55% with most occurring within 5 days of injury. The results of this study suggest that isolated severe head injury causes suppression of cellular immunity. The decrease in PHA stimulated PBL blastogenesis, helper T-cell phenotypic and interleukin-2 receptor expression, suggests suppression in early helper T-cell activation may be responsible for the high incidence of infection following severe head injury. The possible significance of increased monocyte phenotypic expression is discussed. Language: en
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF UNSTEADY FORCING IN THE F-109 TURBOFAN ENGINE

Phase-locked, unsteady, surface pressure measurements were made across the swept stator vanes of the single stage of axial compression in a running AlliedSignal F-109 turbofan engine. Measurements were nominally made at seven vane-chord pressure-side and suction-side locations for two engine-axis radial positions at 90, 94, and 97 percent engine speed. The acquired pressure responses were ensemble averaged, time resolved, and decomposed into steady data and unsteady amplitude, frequency, and phase data. Analysis of the decomposed, unsteady, fundamental frequency data produced position-vs.phase maps which demonstrate ambiguous unsteady-disturbance propagation direction. In addition, significant variation between the data taken at the separate engine-axis positions along the swept vanes is observed. Arguments are presented to support the assertion that the phase propagation direction ambiguity combined
Geotechnical Properties of LAPONITE RD

This paper presents a synthetic smectite clay comparable in structure to the natural clay mineral hectorite that can be used in physical geotechnical models as a transparent soft clay surrogate. Upon dispersion with distilled water, the synthetic clay hydrates and swells, forming a transparent slurry that can then be consolidated. The transparency of the resulting consolidated slurry allows for non-intrusive observation of behavior within a physical model. Observations possible within the physical model include visualizing flow and the measurement of deformation using nonintrusive optical visualization techniques including digital image correlation. Initial synthetic clay concentrations from 4 to 4.5 % by weight were examined. These initial concentrations were further consolidated resulting in samples with higher concentrations by weight for use in various geotechnical laboratory tests. Due to the potential of the synthetic clay to be a soft clay surrogate, geotechnical laboratory testing typically used to characterize soft clays was performed on the solidified colloidal slurry including a series of laboratory vane tests, consolidation tests, and a series of permeability tests. In addition to the geotechnical testing, physical properties of the synthetic clay were examined and results from the geotechnical testing are presented in conjunction with the physical properties and sample preparation methods. Results of the geotechnical laboratory tests demonstrate that the synthetic clay exhibits macroscopic geotechnical properties comparable to soft cohesive soils and therefore can be used as a soft clay surrogate for use in geotechnical physical model testing, particularly those related to offshore geotechnics.
Urban Studies and the Historian

or confirmation of the social plan. We have maintained that a social plan is a hypothesis about what specific ends ought to be achieved and what means ought to be employed in achieving those ends. Is it a hypothesis which can be confirmed only in execution? If so, the practical purpose of planning, which is to provide knowledge of what ought to be done as a guide to action, is not served and planning loses its practical significance. The confirmation of the plan consists of: (1) a systematic empirical investigation of the relevant interests in the situation; (2) the determination of their respective claim weights; (3) an inquiry into how the several ends can be achieved; (4) an investigation of the available resources. Such inquiries, if fully successful, provide all the data needed in order to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis concerning what ought to be done. It is true that the plan may need modification in the process of execution, but this is because new data are encountered which the planning inquiry did not discover. If such data are discovered in the process of execution, replanning is required. However, I think that the planning process is always distinguishable, if not separated, from the execution of the plan. Social planning as social technology is likely to be dangerous in that it accepts its specific goals uncritically. This is true even if they are goals which have been voted on democratically. Often the people cannot know all the facts involved, and they can be persuaded by the propaganda of interest groups to favor specific ends which do not in fact contribute to the maximum satisfaction of all relevant interests. The best method seems to be for social planning to function as ethical inquiry and for the social plans, after they have been formulated, to be submitted, along with all the data on which they are based, to the people or their representatives, in an educational manner, for their acceptance. This requires that social planning, ethical inquiry, become an objective discipline in which justificatory knowledge, ethical truth, becomes the dominant interest of the social planner just as explanatory knowledge, scientific truth, has come to be the dominant interest of the scientist. It must, like science, be value free, free from the practical valuations of the inquirer, that is, his conclusions must be determined solely by the cognitive goal of his mode of inquiry and the facts in the situation. This may seem utopian, but so did the ideal of the "scientific mind" before it became a common place reality.
Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human endocervix

Objective: To determine the messenger RNA and protein expression, as well as distribution of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in the endocervix compared with the endometrium. Setting: Volunteers in an academic research environment Materials and methods: Twelve volunteer patients undergoing total hysterectomy for benign indications. Patients did not receive any hormonal or GnRH analogues treatment prior to surgery. Hysterectomy samples were collected from volunteers. Tissues (endometrium and endocervix) were collected. Samples were transferred immediately to the research area and analyzed using Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. Main Outcome Measures: Protein and mRNA expression of ER-�, ER-�, PR-A, and PR-B in endocervix compared with endometrium. Results: In both Western blot and RT-PCR, we detected ER- �, PR-A, and PR-B mRNA and proteins in every sample. The ratio between PR-A and PR-B was about 2:1 in both the endometrium and endocervix regardless of menstrual cycle phase. In immunohistochemistry, these three receptors were detected in the lining and glandular epithelium, and to a lesser degree in the stromal layer. Estrogen receptor- � was minimally expressed in the glandular epithelium in immunohistochemistry sections with identical distribution of these receptors in the endocervix and endometrium. Conclusions: Further research is needed to elucidate the differential response of endocervix to steroid hormones.
Removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions via adsorption on carbon nanocomposites.

The development of technologies for water purification is critical to meet the global challenges of insufficient water supply and inadequate sanitation. Among all wastewater treatments, adsorption is globally recognized as the most promising method because of its versatility and economic feasibility. Herein, the removal of copper ions (Cu(II)) from aqueous solutions through adsorption on free-standing hybrid papers comprised of a mixture between graphene and different types of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was examined. Results indicate that the rate of adsorption and long-time capacity of the metal ions on the nanocomposites significantly exceeds that of activated carbon by a factor of 4. Moreover, the combination of graphene with CNTs endows an increase in the uptake of Cu(II) up to 50% compared to that of CNTs alone, with a maximum adsorption capacity higher than 250 mg·g–1. The removal of Cu(II) from water is sensitive to solution pH, and the presence of oxygen functional groups on the adsorbent surface pro...
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF HISTAMINE BINDING: THE MAST CELL GRANULE*

Publisher Summary This chapter describes mast cell granule and structural aspects of histamine binding. All rats used in the study were Sprague–Dawley males weighing between 250 and 350 g. In two experiments, histamine, heparin, and chymase were assayed in serial extracts of clean mast cell granules. Little heparin or chymase was extracted at salt concentrations below 1.0 M. In a series of experiments, chymotrypsin and lysozyme were tested for the formation of precipitates with heparin. Both proteins precipitated with heparin under appropriate conditions. Chymotrypsin in 0.001 M KCl, and concentrations of CaCl2 from 0.0002 to 0.05 M, however, did not precipitate quantitatively with amounts of heparin from about 1 to 10 times the amount calculated for ionic equivalence. Lysozyme could be precipitated quantitatively in the presence of CaCl2 with the amounts of heparin that depended on the concentration of salt. When precipitation was carried out in the presence of 5 mM histamine at pH 5.8, there was also a shift in the precipitation characteristics of the system almost identical with that produced by the same concentration of Ca2+.
Heterogeneous Deformable Modeling of Bio-Tissues and Haptic Force Rendering for Bio-Object Modeling

This paper presents a novel technique for modeling soft biological tissues as well as the development of an innovative interface for bio-manufacturing and medical applications. Heterogeneous deformable models may be used to represent the actual internal structures of deformable biological objects, which possess multiple components and nonuniform material properties. Both heterogeneous deformable object modeling and accurate haptic rendering can greatly enhance the realism and fidelity of virtual reality environments. In this paper, a tri-ray node snapping algorithm is proposed to generate a volumetric heterogeneous deformable model from a set of object interface surfaces between different materials. A constrained local static integration method is presented for simulating deformation and accurate force feedback based on the material properties of a heterogeneous structure. Biological soft tissue modeling is used as an example to demonstrate the proposed techniques. By integrating the heterogeneous deformable model into a virtual environment, users can both observe different materials inside a deformable object as well as interact with it by touching the deformable object using a haptic device. The presented techniques can be used for surgical simulation, bio-product design, bio-manufacturing, and medical applications.
Strong anisotropy within a Heisenberg model in the J eff =1/2 insulating state of Sr 2 Ir 0.8 Ru 0.2 O 4

The dispersive magnetic excitations in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$ have previously been well described within an isospin-1/2 Heisenberg model on a square lattice that revealed parallels with ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. Here we investigate the inelastic spectra of ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ with resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the Ir ${L}_{3}$ edge. The results are well described using linear spin-wave theory within a similar Heisenberg model applicable to ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{IrO}}_{4}$; however, the disorder induced by the substitution of $20%\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Ir}}^{4+}$ ions for ${\mathrm{Ru}}^{4+}$ removes longer range exchange interactions. A large spin gap (40 meV) is measured indicating strong anisotropy from spin-orbit coupling that is manifest due to the altered magnetic structure in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{Ir}}_{0.8}{\mathrm{Ru}}_{0.2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ with $c$-axis aligned moments compared to the basal plane moments in the parent. Collectively the results indicate the robustness of a Heisenberg model description even when the magnetic structure is altered and the ${J}_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ moments are diluted.
Microbial treatment of industrial lignin: Successes, problems and challenges

Abstract Lignin, one of the major components of plant/lignocellulosic biomass, is an irregular 3-D polymer comprised of potentially valuable phenolic monomers. Currently lignin and its colloidal solution in water, black liquor, obtained as by-products in many biomass treatment processes, e.g., pulping in paper industry, remain to be considered recalcitrant substrates of a limited commercial value. This study reviews the recent research on both fungal and bacterial lignin degradation, with a focus on the characterization of degradation products. The specific features and biological treatment of industrial lignin and black liquor are detailed along with the degradation conditions employed, complementing other review articles focusing on natural lignin degradation. An overview of ligninolytic enzymes frequently identified among microorganisms is presented, with the emphasis on factors responsible for their regulation and induction including the mediators involved and multi-enzyme systems employed by natural lignin degraders. Efficient regulation of ligninolytic enzymes can be achieved through the optimization of a cultivation medium composition with supplementation of strain specific stimulatory components such as salts, low molecular weight phenolic compounds and nutrition sources. Current research efforts in characterizing lignin degradation products are reviewed with the emphasis on both destructive and non-destructive gas chromatographic methods as they are essential for future detailed kinetic and mechanistic studies.
Notes on the Fauna of the Chipola Formation- XXIX: A New Species of Panopea (Mollusca: Bivalia)

Dall (1898, p. 829) reported the presence of Panopea Menard in the fauna of the "Oligocene ... of the Chipola River and Oak Grove ... Florida," identifying the species as "Panopea Whitfieldi,” a new name for "Panopea Goldfussii Whitfield" 1895, non Wagner, 1838. He repeated the citation as to the distribution in 1915 (p. 156, pl. 18, fig. 13) spelling the generic name Panope (see discussion below). Subsequently Gardner (1928, p. 237, pl. 36, figs. 11, 12) described the Oak Grove form as Panope parawhitfieldi, noting: "The Chipola species is apparently distinct from the Oak Grove, differing in the more produced and attenuated posterior extremity. The material is too fragmentary to name.”
Abstract LB-325: Tumor suppressor effects of miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs on prostate cancer

MicroRNAs in miR-17-92a cluster are transcribed from a polycistronic transcription unit C13orf25 that generates six mature miRNAs, miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR- 19b, miR-20a. These miRNAs are reported to be overexpressed in colon and lung cancers, however, we noted a loss of expression of all members of this miR cluster in prostate cancer tissues compared to uninvolved tissues and in aggressive prostate cancer cells. In this study, we show that replenishment of miR-17-92a cluster as a whole showed antiproliferative effects, reduced activation of AKT and MAP kinases, delayed tumorigenicity and reduced tumor growth. Analysis of the expression of mRNA targets showed reduced expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin D1 and SSH1; and LIMK1 and FGD4 of RhoGTPase signaling pathway through direct targeting. miR-17-92 cluster expression also inhibited EMT via reduced cell migration and expression of mesenchymal markers while elevating expression and surface localization of the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. miR-17-92a miRNAs improved sensitivity of androgen dependent LNCaP 104-S prostate cancer cells to anti-androgen drug Casodex, AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl, and docetaxel. The androgen refractory PC-3 cells also showed increased sensitivity to docetaxel, MK-2206 2HCl and Aurora kinase inhibitor VX680 upon ectopic expression of miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs. RNA seq analysis of prostate cancer cells expressing miR-17-92a cluster revealed altered expression of a number of oncogenic and tumor suppressor mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, which may have implications in the altered phenotype of these cells. Our data demonstrate a tumor suppressor effect of miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs in prostate cancer cells and restoration of expression of these miRNAs has a therapeutic benefit for both androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancer cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ratna Chakrabarti, Richard Ottman, Md Faqrul Hasan. Tumor suppressor effects of miR-17-92a cluster miRNAs on prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-325. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-325