cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
21-Gene Recurrence Score Predictive for Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Postoperative Radiation Following Breast Conserving Surgery for T1N0 Breast Cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The 21- gene RT-PCR recurrence score (RS) is performed in patients with hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative, node- negative breast cancer to determine which patients will likely benefit from chemotherapy following surgery. Whether the RS can predict for patients likely to benefit from radiation therapy (RT) following breast conserving surgery (BCS) has not previously been examined. The purpose of this study was to use a large set of patients to determine if RS could predict for patients who would benefit from RT following BCS. MATERIALS/METHODS The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried (2004-2017) for female patients with pT1N0 ER+ PR+ HER2- breast cancer treated with lumpectomy and an available RS. Patients were stratified based on their RS (low risk [LR] = 1-10, intermediate risk [IR] = 11-25, high risk [HR] = 26-99). Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to create a 1:1 matched cohort of patients who received radiotherapy and patients who did not. Kaplan-Meier analysis with log-rank testing was used to evaluate overall survival (OS). Univariable (UVA) and multivariable (MVA) analysis were conducted using Cox proportional hazard models to determine which clinical and treatment factors were prognostic for OS in both the overall population and after stratifying patients by RS. RESULTS A total of 89,604 patients met the selection criteria: 21,414 in the LR cohort, 59,157 in the IR cohort, and 9,033 in the HR cohort. A total of 92% received RT: 91% in the LR cohort, 93% in the IR cohort, and 92% in the HR cohort. Overall, the 5-year OS was 97% for those who received RT and 91% for those who did not (P < 0.001). After PSM, the 5-year OS in the LR cohort was 94% for those who received RT and 92% for those who did not (P = 0.054). In the IR cohort, the 5-year OS was 95% for those who received RT and 92% for those who did not (P < 0.001). In the HR cohort, the 5-year OS was 93% for those who received RT and 85% for those who did not (P = 0.001). On MVA in the overall cohort, RT (P < 0.001) and endocrine therapy were predictive of improved OS while increasing age, black race, CDCC comorbidity score, tumor size, and increasing RS were predictive for worse OS. On MVA in the LR cohort, RT (P = 0.113) was not predictive of improved OS. However, MVA demonstrated that RT was a positive prognostic factor for OS in both the IR cohort (P < 0.001) and HR cohort (P < 0.001). Chemotherapy was not predictive of improved OS overall or in any cohort on MVA. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating the predictive value of RS in patients treated with BCS with respect to use of RT. The results suggest that patients with an IR or HR RS may be more likely to benefit from postoperative RT than patients with a LR RS, as an OS benefit was observed with RT use in patients with IR or HR RS, but not in patients with LR RS. Further prospective evaluation is warranted to define the use of RS to guide management with RT.
Chemoreceptor Control of Organ Vascular Resistance during Acute Systemic Hypoxia

The purpose of this study was to determine in the anesthetized paralyzed, artificially ventilated cat exposed to acute systemic hypoxia if the carotid and aortic bodies acting in tandem or individually, control the vascular resistance of specific organs.
Treatment of Chagas’ Disease — Time Is Running Out

Highly successful public health interventions in Latin America and widespread migration from rural areas to cities and countries where Trypanosoma cruzi is not endemic have markedly reduced the number of persons who are chronically infected with the protozoan parasite. However, 5 million to 6 million persons remain infected, and in at least 20% of these persons, chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy either is present or will develop. These persons are at high risk for heart failure, arrhythmias, and other life-threatening complications.1,2 Current recommendations call for antitrypanosomal treatment for most infected persons,3,4 but until now there has not been a randomized, . . .
Some Conceptual Aspects of Temporality and the Ability to Possess Rights

Since certain temporal aspects of the relation between duties, rights, and the interests that rights protect have not been fully theorized, a puzzle arises when we come to consider whether and how entities such as members of future generations, fetuses, deceased persons, and unconscious persons are able to possess rights. This paper evolves a unified structure for attributing the ability to possess rights to such entities. It demonstrates that while, under any cogent theory of rights-attributions, rights and duties must be strictly contemporaneous, the interests that rights protect need not temporally coincide with those rights.
Subtotale Amputation des Ohrs

Hintergrund In Fallen der subtotalen Amputation der Ohrmuschel kann haufig erfolgreich ohne Mikrochirurgie replantiert werden. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die dieser klinischen Beobachtung zugrunde liegende Gefasanatomie zu verifizieren.
Forest Influences on Climate and Water Resources at the Landscape to Regional Scale

Although it is well known that climate controls the distribution, productivity and functioning of vegetation on earth, our knowledge about the role of forests in regulating regional climate and water resources is lacking. The studies on climate-forests feedbacks have received increasing attention from the climate change and ecohydrology research communities. The goal of this study is to provide an in-depth examination of forest-climate-water interactions by synthesizing recent scientific literature on the influences of forests on climate and water resources from watershed to regional scale. The synthesis paper provides a review of the state of art of our understanding of the mechanisms of interactions of forests and climate and water resources at the landscape and regional scale. The paper presents two case studies that examine the influences of forests on microclimate, watershed hydrology, and regional climate and water resources at a small watershed to region scale using literature from the Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory in the southeast U.S. and a simulation study on the North China Shelter Belt Project. Future research gaps were identified in terms of integrated Earth System modeling to guide forest management for global change mitigation and adaptation.
The Criminal-Civil Distinction and Dangerous Blameless Offenders

Our legal system distinguishes criminal law from other, civil law and criminal commitment from civil commitment. We speak of a crime rather than a violation or a breach, and punishment rather than sanction or liability. Why is criminal law kept distinct? One can conceive of a system in which no such criminal-civil distinction exists. What is now dealt with as criminal law could be treated as just another aspect of civil law. Some academics have proposed just such a system, although I know of no society in which such a system currently operates. Why are societies persistent in maintaining a distinct criminal system?Criminal law is not unique in the conduct it punishes; some conduct violates criminal and civil law. Nor is criminal law unique in the deprivations that it imposes; civil commitment, tort law, and a variety of other civil measures can deprive a person of his or her liberty, put restrictions on what a person can do, and compel the payment of money. If criminal law is not unique in either the conduct it prohibits or the deprivations it dispenses, why is it kept distinct? Its existence must have an explanation apart from its prohibitions, deprivations, or procedures.
Bone-targeted rapamycin analogs inhibit osteolysis and tumor growth in a PC-3-GFP intratibial bone cancer model in nude mice

1116 mTOR is a PI3K-like kinase that links mitogenic stimuli and nutrient status to cell growth, division and metabolism, and is an important target for anti-tumor therapy. Rapamycin is a natural product mTOR inhibitor that functions by inducing an inhibitory complex between mTOR and FKBP. Rapamycin and its derivatives also have inhibitory effects on osteoclasts and osteoclast cell precursors in vitro and in animal models of bone disease. These observations have prompted us to design bone-targeted analogs of rapamycin with the aim of enhancing the anti-tumor and anti-osteoclast effects at bone, for potential use in treating primary bone cancers and bone metastases. Previously we reported on several novel bone-targeted mTOR inhibitors, including AP23841, which demonstrated potent and sustained inhibition of PTH-induced hypercalcemia in mice. In this study, we synthesized a series of optimized analogs of AP23841 and tested them in a mouse model of bone-localized disease. Compounds were synthesized from common, activated rapamycin intermediates and various functionalized bone-targeted groups in good yield and high purity (>98%). Bone-targeted compounds varied according to in vitro hydroxyapatite (HA) affinity and linker functionality (e.g., cleavable or non-cleavable). Compounds were also tested for FKBP binding affinity using a fluorescence polarization assay. For in vivo testing, PC-3-GFP prostate cancer cells were injected intratibially into nude mice, and anti-tumor and anti-osteolytic effects assessed by GFP imaging, radiology and histology. One compound in particular, AP24170, demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth (38% T/C) following 2-3 wks dosing (14 mg/kg iv, QDx5 and weekly) that were similar to rapamycin dosed equivalently (45% T/C). AP24170 also potently inhibited osteolysis in the mice, as scored semi-quantitatively by whole animal radiography with a statistically significant greater reduction in the osteolysis score vs. rapamycin (p
Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North

Review of: "Copperheads: The Rise and Fall of Lincoln's Opponents in the North," by Jennifer L. Weber.
Methodical differences of productivity indicators by international comparison

The productivity is possible measure by different defined type of productivity indicators with considerable differences’ in results. It is impossible to define, which one of definitions of productivities is the best. It depends on purpose and analysis’s range. For comparison productivity at the national level is better to use aggregates at constant prices, which show us the level and growth rate of physical product. For comparison productivity at the international level is better to use aggregates in purchasing power standard. This result is influence not only own performance, but also performances others comparison states. From the point of view employment, is optimal indicator for calculation of productivity working hours. This indicator removes differences at time work in single member states EU.
Ab initio tight-binding Hamiltonian for transition metal dichalcogenides

The modeling of the electronic structure is the key to understanding layered transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) heterostructures. The authors present a full-range tight-binding hamiltonian for TMDCs by Wannier transformation of density functional theory results, which preserves both the orbital character and phase information. The tight-binding hamiltonians is expected to form the basis for further theoretical investigations of many-body physics and simulations for potential applications under external electric or magnetic fields in finite-size nanostructures, in either monolayer or heterostructure forms.
Design and evaluation of a parallel HOP clustering algorithm for cosmological simulation

Clustering, or unsupervised classification, has many uses in fields that depend on grouping results from large amount of data, an example being the N-body cosmological simulation in astrophysics. In this paper, we study a particular clustering algorithm used in astrophysics, called HOP, and present a parallel implementation to speed up its current sequential implementation. Our approach first builds in parallel the spatial domain hierarchical data structure, a three-dimensional KD tree. Using a KD tree, the core of the HOP algorithm that searches for the highest density neighbor can be performed using only subsets of the particles and hence the communication cost is reduced. We evaluate our implementation by using data sets from a production cosmological application. The experimental results demonstrate up to 24/spl times/ speedup using 64 processors on three parallel processing machines.
The impact of intensivists' base specialty of training on care process and outcomes of critically ill trauma patients

Abstract Background The care of the critically ill trauma patients is provided by intensivists with various base specialties of training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intensivists’ base specialty of training on the disparity of care process and patient outcome. Methods We performed a retrospective review of an institutional trauma registry at an academic level 1 trauma center. Two intensive care unit teams staffed by either board-certified surgery or anesthesiology intensivists were assigned to manage critically ill trauma patients. Both teams provided care, collaborating with a trauma surgeon in house. We compared patient characteristics, care processes, and outcomes between surgery and anesthesiology groups using Wilcoxon tests or chi-square tests, as appropriate. Results We identified a total of 620 patients. Patient baseline characteristics including age, sex, transfer status, injury type, injury severity score, and Glasgow coma scale were similar between groups. We found no significant difference in care processes and outcomes between groups. In a logistic regression model, intensivists’ base specialty of training was not a significant factor for mortality (odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval; 0.79–2.80; P = 0.22) and major complication (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–1.67; P = 0.63). Conclusions Intensive care unit teams collaborating with trauma surgeons had minimal disparity of care processes and similar patient outcomes regardless of intensivists’ base specialty of training.
Noise in thin film Al-Al2O3-Al diodes

Abstract Noise measurements are reported on very thin (20 Angstrom) Al-Al2O3-Al diodes. The devices show shot noise at high frequencies and 1 ƒα noise with α ≃ 1.3 at low frequencies.
Turnover Rates of Phosphate Esters in Fresh and Aged Slices of Potato Tuber Tissue.

In recent years, a number of studies have been made on the respiration of slices of potato tuber tissue (1, 6,7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17). When the slices or disks are freshly cut, they have a respiration rate similar to that of the intact tuber. This tissue has been termed fresh tissue. When the fresh disks are kept by aerating them in distilled water or 10-4 M CaSO4 at 00, the low respiration rate is maintained; but when the disks are aerated at 250, the respiration rate rises threeto fourfold over about 18 hours. This phenomenon has been termed aging, and disks treated in this way are aged disks. Aging does not merely involve a simple increase in respiration rate: the sensitivity of the respiration to various inhibitors alters markedly (1, 6, 11, 16, 17), and the tissue shows a marked increase in its ability to accumulate salts, particularly phosphate (6, 9, 13). Such observations have led to suggestions that aging involves a major change in the cellular processes (7). Some authors (6,17) have suggested that there is a modification of the respiration chain in the region between DPNH and cytochrome c; while others (1, 16) have suggested that there are changes in the relative importance of the pentose phosphate and the tricarboxylic acid cycle respiration paths. The results of experiments by Loughman (9) indicate that the respiration changes are closely associated with changes in the phosphate metabolism. Therefore experiments have been carried out to examine in more detail the phosphate metabolism of fresh and aged potato tuber slices, with a view to learning more about the nature of the aging process.
X-ray diffraction analysis of ice crystals in coniferous pollen*

Summary X-ray diffraction analysis was used to discern the relationship between ice formation and killing caused by freezing in pollen. By means of a specially designed low temperature sample holder, ice crystals were detected by X-ray diffraction in Douglas fir and Western white pine pollen containing 36% or more water at about −25°C. Pollen samples with detectable ice crystals were killed by the low temperature. The viability of some pollen samples containing about 30% water was reduced by freezing but without detectable ice crystals. This indicates a possibility of separating ice crystal formation and other effects caused by freezing temperatures in biological materials.
Major Histocompatibility Gene Therapy: The Importance of Haplotype and β2‐Microglobulin

Objectives/Hypothesis: Alloantigen gene therapy with the genes for the Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) HLA-B7 and β2-microglobulin in HLA-B7-negative patients has potential efficacy in the treatment of head and neck cancer, although the mechanism of response is unclear. Whether tumor regression is due to a response to HLA-B7 in HLA-B7-negative patients (i.e., due to foreign antigen) or simply to MHC overexpression is unknown. Therefore, a mouse model was used to compare tumor growth following syngeneic MHC transfection to alloantigenic MHC transfection. The importance of the β2-microglobulin gene was also evaluated. Study Design: Prospective animal study. Methods: The head and neck cancer cell line SCC-VII that grows in immunocompetent C3H mice, which are MHC haplotype H2-K k , was used. Stable transfections were made with H2-K b , H2-K k , and β2-microglobulin in the SCC-VII cells. To test the importance of MHC foreignness, mice were injected with SCC-VII cells, SCC-VII plus H2-K b plus β2-microglobulin transfected cells, and SCC-VII plus H2-K k plus β2-microglobulin transfected cells. To evaluate β2-microglobulin, mice were injected with SCC-VII cells, SCC-VII plus H2-K b plus β2-microglobulin transfected cells, SCC-VII plusH2-K transfected cells, and SCC-VII plus β2-microglobulin transfected cells. Tumor growth in all groups was compared statistically. Results: Major histocompatibility complex foreignness was a part of the antitumor response. Foreign MHC routinely abrogated tumor growth, whereas syngeneic MHC only slowed tumor growth. β2-microglobulin aided the MHC tumor inhibition but did not inhibit tumor without the MHC. Conclusion: The antitumor response was greater when the MHC gene used was foreign. β2-microglobulin increased the efficacy of MHC gene therapy. Both of these findings are important when designing clinical trials of immunologically based gene therapies for head and neck cancer.
Integrative review: Virtual disaster training

Background: A critical component of disaster preparedness is the training of the healthcare workforce. Because livedisaster exercises are expensive and labor intensive, virtual reality simulation may offer a viable solution as a disastertraining method. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine the scientific evidence pertaining to the efficacy ofvirtual reality training in disaster training of healthcare workers. Inclusion criteria were: empiric literature focused on theuse of virtual reality simulation (VRS) in disaster training, written in English, peer-reviewed literature and publishedduring the time period of 2005-June, 2012. An exclusion criterion was the use of virtual simulation for modeling theeffects of disaster because these articles were not used for immersive training purposes. Methodology: A five-stage process was followed as the methodological strategy for the integrative review. These stagesincluded identification of the problem and purposes, a defined search strategy (method), evaluation and analysis of dataand the presentation of findings. A search of diverse databases was performed. These databases include PubMed, theCumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Healthcare Literature, Education Resources Information Center, AcademicSearch Complete, Computer Source, and Computer/Applied Science. Results: Principle findings identified three major themes including: descriptions of the participant’s VRS experiences,learning results after participation in VRS and an exploration of how knowledge construction occurs in the virtualenvironment. Eleven research articles were selected for inclusion in the review. Conclusions: The review found there are too few studies investigating the efficacy of VRS and disaster training. Rigorouslarger studies with measurement of long-term retention are needed. There is also a need to assess the self-efficacy to act indifferent types of disasters, and evaluate behavioral determinates such as performance in triage, decontamination, andtransport.
Commentary on an article by S. Bess, MD, et al.: "Complications of growing-rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis. Analysis of one hundred and forty patients".

This important paper reviews the results of growing-rod spinal instrumentation in 140 children treated by members of the Growing Spine Study Group over an eighteen-year time period. This series represents the largest cohort of patients with early-onset scoliosis treated with growing-rod instrumentation in the literature. The authors do not report on patients with a single diagnosis; instead, they include those with neuromuscular, idiopathic, and congenital scoliosis. The mean age at the time of implantation of the growing rods was six years (range, 1.7 to ten years), and the initial curve magnitude averaged 75° (range, 32° to 147°). An average of 6.4 procedures (range, two to fifteen) were performed per child. Surprisingly, only seventy-four surgical procedures were unplanned. The authors state that thoracic growth occurs most rapidly between birth and five years of age, and that severe curves in these very young patients may result in trunk shortening and pulmonary failure. The literature supports this statement, as Goldberg et al.1, Vitale et al.2, and our study3 have shown restrictive lung disease in children whose spine was fused before the age of five years. Therefore, it is this population that is most in need of preservation of …
Mitsunobu reactions of nucleoside analogs using triisopropyl phosphite–DIAD

Abstract Herein, we report the use of triisopropyl phosphite (TIP) as an effective substitute for triphenylphosphine in the Mitsunobu reaction of nucleoside analogs. In addition, the use of triphenyl phosphite as an alternative reagent for the expensive hexamethylphosphorous triamide (HMPT) in the Veliz–Beal bromination protocol is reported.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Light- and Temperature-Entrained Circadian Transcripts in Caenorhabditis elegans

Most organisms have an endogenous circadian clock that is synchronized to environmental signals such as light and temperature. Although circadian rhythms have been described in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans at the behavioral level, these rhythms appear to be relatively non-robust. Moreover, in contrast to other animal models, no circadian transcriptional rhythms have been identified. Thus, whether this organism contains a bona fide circadian clock remains an open question. Here we use genome-wide expression profiling experiments to identify light- and temperature-entrained oscillating transcripts in C. elegans. These transcripts exhibit rhythmic expression with temperature-compensated 24-h periods. In addition, their expression is sustained under constant conditions, suggesting that they are under circadian regulation. Light and temperature cycles strongly drive gene expression and appear to entrain largely nonoverlapping gene sets. We show that mutations in a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel required for sensory transduction abolish both light- and temperature-entrained gene expression, implying that environmental cues act cell nonautonomously to entrain circadian rhythms. Together, these findings demonstrate circadian-regulated transcriptional rhythms in C. elegans and suggest that further analyses in this organism will provide new information about the evolution and function of this biological clock.
To Open a Person: Song and Encounter at Gardzienice and the Workcenter

Thanks to the pioneers of modern dance and physical theatre, many strong connections have been drawn between actor training and the study of movement practices and body-work. It is now common for schools and theatre ensembles to incorporate yoga, martial arts, contact improvisation, and body-alignment techniques into their training programs. Far less often are such connections drawn between acting and song. Voice work, even in experimental theatre, tends to focus on sound, breath, and resonance apart from song; and the two mainstream genres of song-based theatre in this country—opera and musical theatre—tend to be commercially oriented and to place greater emphasis on production values than on the interior aspects of acting. As a result, few training programs or theatre companies in the United States actively investigate the relationship between singing and acting, or between song and action. My aim in this article is to expose and begin to heal the rift that exists in this country between the study and research of acting techniques and that of singing, especially group or choral singing. With this goal in mind, I will describe and contrast two formally and historically related though essentially very different European groups that have done pioneering work in experimental performance: the Gardzienice Centre for Theatre Practices in Poland, and the Workcenter of Jerzy Grotowski and Thomas Richards in Italy. These two groups have been working at the junction of song and performer training for decades. In each of them, the demand for virtuosic singing skills is an integral part of an ongoing exploration of actor training. This ongoing research relates not only to technical training, but also to the more delicate question of “how to open a person”—that is, how to help a performer develop the ineffable qualities that are variously called honesty, believability, or presence.
Validation of the Quick Confusion Scale for mental status screening in the emergency department.

The Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) is a commonly used assessment of cognitive status; however, it has been considered somewhat unwieldy for use in the emergency department (ED). An alternate test, the Quick Confusion Scale (QCS), has been compared against the MMSE in a single centre. We hypothesised that the QCS would strongly correlate with the MMSE in the ED, but could be administered more quickly. Trained research assistants administered both the QCS and the MMSE to a convenience sample of 666 patients and visitors in an urban academic ED. Patients were randomised as to which test would be administered first. The QCS required less time to complete than the MMSE (2.7±1.3 vs. 5.1±1.9 min, p<0.0001). Nine patients could not complete the MMSE because they could not use their hands to write and four because of vision impairment. Correlation of QCS and MMSE scores was fair, with Pearson’s r=0.61 (95% CI, 0.56–0.66). The QCS can be administered more quickly than the MMSE, and is easier to administer in the ED because it does not require the subject to read, write or draw. There is a fair correlation between QCS and MMSE scores.
Standard method of diagnosis versus use of a computer database in the evaluation of skeletal dysplasias.

Objective The objective of this study was to compare reference textbooks and the computer database, OSSUM, for accuracy and ease of use in the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias.
The use of a simple test of attention as a measure of drug effects in schizophrenic patients.

This is a brief review of the use of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT), a simple test of attention, in assessing drug effects in schizophrenic patients. Results of experiments are reviewed showing the sensitivity of the procedure to both acute and chronic administration of phenothiazine drugs. In single doses the drug impairs performance while after chronic administration of medication performance improves. Impairment in performance on the CPT is found in approximately 40–45 per cent of testable patients who show no deficit in performance on a simple cognitive test. In patients with a deficit on the CPT their performance after chronic drug therapy covaries with rating scales of clinical state. Patients who perform poorly on the CPT are more likely to have a history of mental illness in the family than those patients whose performance is indistinguishable from that of normal subjects.
InSb heterodyne receivers for submillimeter astronomy

InSb hot electron bolometer mixer receivers have been developed for submillimeter line studies of the interstellar medium up to about 500 GHz. The receivers have been used aboard the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory which is transported to about 12,000 km by a C141 aircraft. Data have been obtained on new interstellar lines (such as the ground-state fine structure transition of atomic carbon at 492 GHz) and such molecular transitions as carbon monoxide and water. Other data were obtained at ground level using the 5-cm Hale telescope at Mount Palomar and the NASA Infrared Telescope facility at Mauna Kea, HI. The heterodyne bolometers have reached noise temperatures of less than 400 K at all frequencies to 500 GHz.
Social stereotyping of male and female body types with differing facial expressions by elementary school age boys and girls.

(1972). Social Stereotyping of Male and Female Body Types with Differing Facial Expressions by Elementary School Age Boys and Girls. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 82, No. 1, pp. 151-154.
Vagal elicitation of respiratory-type and other unit responses in basal limbic structures of squirrel monkeys.

Abstract Basal limbic structures (insula, amygdala, hippocampus and surrounding areas) were explored for unit responses to vagal volleys in awake, sitting, squirrel monkeys. Triple shocks were applied every 4 sec to the left cervical vagus nerve. As a control for adventitious activation by extravagal somatic afferents, units responsive to vagal volleys were also tested during shock-induced facial and cervical twitches. Under the given conditions, 16% of a population of more than 200 limbic units responded only to vagal volleys. The ratio of initially excited initially inhibited units was about 2:3. The response latencies were indicative of both rapidly and slowly conducting, afferent pathways. The entrainment of respiration by vagal volleys revealed that 6% of the tested units discharged with a periodicity commensurate with the respiratory rhythm. Such respiratory units were found in the anterior amygdala, insula and hippocampus. In the case of the hippocampus it can be concluded that the discharge of respiratory-type units is not dependent on olfactory inputs. In the amygdala, the highest percentage of responsive units was found in the central nucleus; none were of a respiratory-type. The particular interest of the respiratory-type units found in this and the preceding study is discussed.
Electronic Communication Skills in the Classroom: An E-Mail In-Basket Exercise

Abstract The in-basket has long been included as an exercise in assessment centers to measure candidates' skills in prioritizing, delegating, and decisionmaking (Byham, 1970; Howard, 1974; Thornton & Byham, 1982). The traditional in-basket can be given a technological update by having students respond to e-mail messages containing a variety of requests and attached documents. Although the paperless office has yet to be realized, for the modern manager, electronic communication skills are becoming increasingly important (“Watch your netiquette,” 1998).
Microchannel DNA Sequencing Matrices with a Thermally Controlled “Viscosity Switch”

Polymers and hydrogels that swell or shrink in response to environmental stimuli such as changes in temperature, pH, or ionic strength are of interest as switchable materials for applications in bi...
The Importance of Qualitative Research for Causal Explanation in Education

The concept of causation has long been controversial in qualitative research, and many qualitative researchers have rejected causal explanation as incompatible with an interpretivist or constructiv...
Predicting Water Flood Performance by Analogy

This discussion is concerned with analogy methods of predicting total flood recovery, the effective injection rate, the producing rate vs. time, and the application of these methods to an example calculation. The most logical basis for predicting total flood recovery is the total secondary plus primary recovery from the swept area as a fraction of the total pore volume. Two equations are given. Once the necessary parameters have been determined for the application of these equations to the model and proposed flood, the prediction of total recovery is then simply a matter of calculating the fractional total recovery in the swept area for the model and then reversing this procedure by using the fractional total recovery in the swept area for the model for the basis for calculating the stock tank barrels of waterflood production for the proposed flood. The prediction of effective injection rates for a waterflood involves 2 important considerations. It is necessary to account for the difference in the total injection rates that result from a difference in the transmissibility, the pressure drop, and geometry. Just as important is the necessity for estimating how much of the total injection rate enters the gross swept volume of themore » reservoir.« less
Haptic perception of users with low vision and their needs in haptic-incorporated user interfaces

AbstractPurpose: This paper reports on research aimed at advancing understanding haptic capability and needs of users with low vision. The objective is to apply this understanding to the design of haptic-incorporated user interfaces. Method: Study 1 investigated the haptic perception between sighted participants and those with low vision through the magnitude estimation technique, and Study 2 explored the degree to which similar user interface needs were observed among the two vision groups. Results: Overall, our findings indicate there was no significant difference between the two vision groups in terms of haptic perception and user interface needs. A few differences in user interface preference did exist, however, and designers should take these into account. Conclusions: Participants with low vision were a group who relied on their vision in everyday life instead of touch. Thus, their haptic capability was less likely to be enhanced via brain plasticity, which probably contributed to no significant dif...
Performance review: Key to effective planning

Abstract Performance Review can be one of the most important of strategies used by corporate planners. The author sees it as a communications process in which people in the organization rationalize their aspirations in the context of the goals of the organization and its working out in relation to a school system is described.
Somatic embryogenesis in cotton (Gossypium) I. Effects of source of explant and hormone regime

Optimal media for induction of somatic embryogenesis from mature and immature tissues ofG. hirsutum L. cv Coker 312 were determined. Explants of three-day-old seedlings form somatic embryos in 100% of cultures when treated with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 0.5 mg/1 kinetin. Mature tissues are more recalcitrant than immature tissues and formed somatic embryos on a limited number of hormone treatments. Stem tissue is most readily induced to form somatic embryos by 2 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.1 mg/1 kinetin, whereas leaf tissue formed embryos best when treated with 0.1 mg/1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid plus 1.0 mg/1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine, or 1.0 mg/1 napthaleneacetic acid plus 0.5 mg/1 (2-isopentyl)-adenine.
Purification of adenovirus type 12 tumor antigen from transformed hamster cells

Abstract The adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) tumor (T) antigen has been isolated and purified from Ad12-transformed baby hamster kidney cells. The immunoreactive material that precipitates from the 105,000 g supernatant of cell extract at 35% saturation of ammonium sulfate has been characterized by a number of column procedures: gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, hydroxylapatite chromatography, DEAE cellulose chromatography, and affinity chromatography on single-stranded and double-stranded DNA cellulose. The native immunoreactive material appears to have a size of 80,000 daltons on Sephadex G-100, elutes as a single peak in hydroxylapatite and DEAE cellulose, does not bind to single-stranded DNA, but has a strong affinity for double-stranded DNA. A small portion (
Modification of lidocaine protein binding with CO2

Using new, specially designed ultrafiltration devices and an enzyme immunoassay technique, the authors determined the effect of carbon dioxide tension on the fractional binding of lidocaine to human plasma proteins. Identical samples of serum at therapeutic (2.2 μg.ml-1 ) and toxic (6.8 μg.ml-1 ) lidocaine concentrations were tonometered at 37° C to CO2 tensions between 0.13 and 10.7 kPa (1.0 to 80.5 mmHg). The fraction of unbound lidocaine increased linearly with increasing pCO2 (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). These changes help to explain the increased central nervous system toxicity of lidocaine associated with hypercarbia.
Distribution of cell surface lets protein in co-cultures of normal and transformed cells

Summary When LETS protein positive and negative cells were co-cultured, the positive cells remained as positive and the negative cells remained as negative. Apparently the transformed cells do not secrete factors which are sufficient to influence the distribution of surface LETS protein on normal cells.
Exercise-induced S-wave prolongation in left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis

Abstract Myocardial ischemia may decrease conduction velocity and produce QRS prolongation in the surface electrocardiogram. In cases with normal intraventricular conduction, areas of the myocardium contributing to the development of the S wave receive blood from all 3 major coronary arteries, whereas in left anterior hemiblock or right bundle branch block, most of the blood supply to the areas of the myocardium contributing to the development of the S wave is from the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. To test the hypothesis that the S wave will be prolonged with exercise only in patients with LAD coronary artery stenosis and left anterior hemiblock or right bundle branch block, 88 patients with normal intraventricular conduction, 66 with left anterior hemiblock and 36 with right bundle branch block were studied. Sixty-four, 32 and 21 patients had LAD, right and left circumflex coronary artery stenoses, respectively. In patients with normal coronary arteries, S-wave duration decreased with exercise regardless of the status of ventricular conduction. In patients with coronary artery disease and normal intraventricular conduction, the S wave was prolonged slightly with exercise, but in those with left anterior hemiblock and right bundle branch block, it was prolonged significantly (12.5 ± 6 and 10.4 ms, respectively) only in those with LAD, but not in those with circumflex or right coronary artery stenosis. S-wave prolongation in patients with LAD coronary artery stenosis and left anterior hemiblock or right bundle branch block most likely is related to exercise-induced ischemia in the areas of the myocardium contributing to the development of the S wave.
Curing of Bisphenol M Dicyanate Ester under Nanoscale Constraint

Nanoscale constraint is known to have a significant impact on the thermal properties of materials. Although thermosetting resins have been cured in the presence of nanoparticles and nanotubes, cure of thermosetting resins under the well-defined nanoscale constraints imposed by controlled pore glass (CPG) or similar matrices has not been previously documented. In this work, we investigate the isothermal curing under nanoscale constraint of a thermosetting resin, bisphenol M dicyanate ester (BMDC), which trimerizes to form a polycyanurate network material. Differential scanning calorimetry is used to monitor the evolution of the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the conversion during cure as a function of the diameter of the silanized control pore glass matrix which is used for confinement. A Tg depression is observed for both the bisphenol M dicyanate ester monomer and the polycyanurate networks; the depression is only a few degrees for the monomer, whereas a 56 K depression is observed for the “fully ...
Strategic Restructuring for Nonprofit Organizations: Mergers, Integrations, and Alliances

The article reviews the book “Strategic Restructuring for Nonprofit Organizations: Mergers, Integrations, and Alliances,” by Amelia Kohm and David La Piana.
AC260584 (4-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-7-fluoro-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one), a selective muscarinic M1 receptor agonist, increases acetylcholine and dopamine release in rat medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.

Abstract Both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors are implicated in cognition. We have previously suggested that stimulation of the muscarinic M1 receptor has a beneficial effect on cognition, based upon evidence that the muscarinic M1 receptor agonist of N-desmethylclozapine, the major metabolite of clozapine, may contribute to the ability of clozapine to improve some domains of cognition in schizophrenia. Present study examined the effectiveness of a new muscarinic M1 receptor agonist, 4-[3-(4-butylpiperidin-1-yl)-propyl]-7-fluoro-4H-benzo[1,4]oxazin-3-one (AC260584), to increase the release of acetylcholine and dopamine in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Using microdialysis in awake, freely moving rats, AC260584, 3 and 10, but not 1 mg/kg (s.c.), significantly increased dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. However, only the high dose of AC260584, 10 mg/kg (s.c.), significantly increased acetylcholine release in these regions. Moreover, the increases in acetylcholine release produced by AC260584, 10 mg/kg, were attenuated by the muscarinic M1 receptor antagonist telenzepine (3 mg/kg, s.c.) but not by the 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-(4-2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(2-pyridyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide (WAY100635, 0.2 mg/kg, s.c.). However, the increase in dopamine release produced by 10 mg/kg AC260584 was blocked by both telenzepine and WAY100635. In addition, pretreatment with the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone (0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) potentiated AC260584 (1.0 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced acetylcholine and dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that the muscarinic M1 receptor agonist property of AC260584 contributes to its enhancement of cortical acetylcholine and dopamine efflux. Therefore, AC260584, as well as other muscarinic M1 receptor agonists, may be a valuable target for the development of drugs which can improve the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and perhaps other neuropsychiatric disorders, as well.
Cerebral protection by thiopental during hypoxia.

The effects of thiopental on rates of cerebral ATP depletion and lactate accumulation in dogs anesthetized with N2O during two different circumstances of impaired oxygen delivery were examined. In ten dogs, five with and five without prior thiopental (13 mg/kg), acute hemorrhagic shock (mean arteria
Costs and Benefits of Eyewitness Identification Reform: Psychological Science and Public Policy.

Psychological science has come to play an increasingly important role in the legal system by informing the court through expert testimony and by shaping public policy. In recent years, psychologica...
A Hypergraph-based Method for Discovering Semantically Associated Itemsets

In this paper, we address an interesting data mining problem of finding semantically associated item sets, i.e., items connected via indirect links. We propose a novel method for discovering semantically associated item sets based on a hyper graph representation of the database. We describe two similarity measures to compute the strength of associations between items. Specifically, we introduce the average commute time similarity, $\mathbf{s_{CT}}$, based on the random walk model on hyper graph, and the inner-product similarity, $\mathbf{s_{L+}}$, based on the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse of the hyper graph Laplacian matrix. Given semantically associated 2-itemsets generated by these measures, we design a hyper graph expansion method with two search strategies, namely, the clique and connected component search, to generate $k$-item sets ($k>2$). We show the proposed method is indeed capable of capturing semantically associated item sets through experiments performed on three datasets ranging from low to high dimensionality. The semantically associated item sets discovered in our experiment is promising to provide valuable insights on interrelationship between medical concepts and other domain specific concepts.
Classical nictitating membrane conditioning in the awake, normal, restrained cat

Present knowledge of its central nervous system makes the cat a desirable subject for studies of brain-behavior relationships. Response frequencies and latency characteristics in conditioning and control groups indicate that the response of the nictitating membrane can be classically conditioned in a new restraint system in which detailed brain and behavior measures can be easily obtained.
Recent Climatic Change and Increased Glacierization in the Eastern Canadian Arctic

THE climatic warming trend since the 1880s (refs. 1–5), which seems to have been global in extent and was manifested by an upward trend in mean annual (and particularly mean winter) temperatures, seems to have given way since the 1940s to a cooling trend6, which is most marked in higher latitudes (> 60° N, refs. 7 and 8). Here we report recent field work on Baffin Island, eastern Canadian Arctic, and an analysis of the available climatic data for that area which provides further information.
A sort-based deferred shading architecture for decoupled sampling

Stochastic sampling in time and over the lens is essential to produce photo-realistic images, and it has the potential to revolutionize real-time graphics. In this paper, we take an architectural view of the problem and propose a novel hardware architecture for efficient shading in the context of stochastic rendering. We replace previous caching mechanisms by a sorting step to extract coherence, thereby ensuring that only non-occluded samples are shaded. The memory bandwidth is kept at a minimum by operating on tiles and using new buffer compression methods. Our architecture has several unique benefits not traditionally associated with deferred shading. First, shading is performed in primitive order, which enables late shading of vertex attributes and avoids the need to generate a G-buffer of pre-interpolated vertex attributes. Second, we support state changes, e.g., change of shaders and resources in the deferred shading pass, avoiding the need for a single uber-shader. We perform an extensive architectural simulation to quantify the benefits of our algorithm on real workloads.
Physician Weight Counseling for Adolescents

Adolescent obesity prevalence is increasing, with minimal study of physician weight counseling with youth. This study examines adolescents' (n=110) perceptions of physicians weight counseling. Overweight adolescents (>85th percentile for body mass index, BMI) report receiving counseling more than nonoverweight adolescents. Physicians more often have counseled obese (>95th BMI percentile) than overweight but not obese adolescents (85th-94th BMI percentile). Prior counseling and adolescents' ethnicity were related to greater perceived physician concern and adolescent receptivity to future counseling. Overweight adolescents report attempting weight loss strategies at rates similar to recommendations, but recommendations for specific weight control behaviors do not increase the likelihood of adolescent attempts.