cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The transition through adult rites of passage after traumatic brain injury: preliminary assessment of an occupational therapy intervention

A case study is presented of a 30-year-old male with traumatic brain injury (TBI) experiencing gender role strain. The case study describes this man's participation in an occupational therapy intervention based on social learning theory. The intervention was designed to alleviate gender role strain and to increase his ability to live independently in the community and to help him to make the transition through rites of passage leading to adulthood. At the end of the 4-month occupational therapy intervention, the participant had achieved the adult rites of dating/courtship experiences, independent community travel and shared apartment living in the community. The data collected for this case study were intended to provide preliminary data for a subsequent study involving a greater number of participants with TBI. The case study is limited in that outcome measures used were solely qualitative self-reports. Recommendations for future research regarding the assessment of the intervention's efficacy include expanding the number of participants and incorporating quantitative assessment tools to measure outcomes. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Unusual temperature dependence in the low-temperature specific heat of U 3 Ni 5 Al 19

Specific heat has been measured down to 0.053 K on a single crystal of the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet ${\text{U}}_{3}{\text{Ni}}_{5}{\text{Al}}_{19}$ that orders at ${T}_{\text{N}}=23\text{ }\text{K}$. As has been previously reported, these data can be fitted between 0.4 and 4 K by the spin-fluctuation model of Moriya and Takimoto, which describes the contribution of weakly interacting critical spin fluctuations to the specific heat, $C$, where, as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$, $C/T={\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}\ensuremath{-}a\ensuremath{\surd}T$. However, below 0.35 K a noticeable divergence in $C/T\ensuremath{\sim}\text{log}\text{ }T$ dependence, consistent with the existence of strongly interacting fluctuations, is observed. This increase in the divergence of $C/T$ at the lowest temperatures---which is contrary to the self-consistent renormalization theory of Moriya and Takimoto, which predicts $\ensuremath{\surd}T$ dependence for $C/T$ as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ and $\text{log}\text{ }T$ dependence at higher temperatures---has been measured as a function of magnetic field to further understand its origin. The field data in the low-temperature regime, where $C/T\ensuremath{\sim}\text{log}\text{ }T$ exhibit scaling with $\ensuremath{\Delta}B/{T}^{1.9}$, further evidence that there exist strongly interacting fluctuations below 0.35 K in ${\text{U}}_{3}{\text{Ni}}_{5}{\text{Al}}_{19}$.
Enhanced aerosol backscatter adjacent to tropical trade wind clouds revealed by satellite‐based lidar

[1] There have been many proposed processes by which clouds modify aerosol properties, suggesting that aerosol properties near clouds are different than far from clouds. We provide the first satellite-based lidar observations of backscatter and color ratio, quantities directly related to aerosol properties, as a function of distance to cloud edge for boundary layer clouds over the western tropical Atlantic. We show backscatter and color ratio are enhanced adjacent to cloud edge, particularly near cloud top and cloud base. Specifically, layer integrated median backscatter increases by 31 ± 3% and 42 ± 2%, at wavelengths of 532 nm, and 1,064 nm, respectively, and layer averaged color ratio increases by 15 ± 5%. Backscatter calculations suggest our observations adjacent to cloud are best explained by an aerosol size distribution with reduced number concentration, increased median radius, and decreased width compared to far from cloud.
30.3: Comparison of On‐Screen Display‐based and ICC Profile‐based Calibration for OLED Displays

The tone reproduction curves of an OLED display were measured and modeled as a function of three on-screen display (OSD) settings. The optimal OSD settings, derived from the model, outperformed two ICC profile-based color calibration kits by reducing the calibration errors from 2.89% to 0.25% and the quantization errors from 9.28% to 0%.
Social comparisons and temporal comparisons after coronary artery surgery.

Abstract Objective: To examine the use and efficacy of social and temporal comparisons used before and after coronary artery surgery. Design: Secondary analysis of data from a prospective study designed to examine social support. Patients: 141 subjects undergoing surgery. Results: One third of subjects made spontaneous social comparisons. Most who made a social comparison before and 1 month after surgery viewed themselves as similar to others. Social comparisons were related to mood states only before surgery. The majority of subjects made temporal comparisons 1 year after surgery. Subjects generally saw themselves as the same or better than they were before surgery. Temporal comparisons were related to both emotional and functional outcomes. Conclusions: Social comparisons were not consistently related to emotional and functional status; thus whether they can be used to formulate interventions needs further exploration. On the other hand, use of temporal comparisons was related to better mood state and functional status. Enhancing an individual’s ability to view self as stable or improved compared with before surgery may be beneficial. Results are discussed in terms of how social comparison theory fits within the overall context of coping with physical illness. (Heart Lung ® 1999;28:316-25)
URETERAL REIMPLANTATION DURING ROBOT ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

Ureteral injury during radical prostatectomy is a well described complication. Reports describing ureteral reimplantation exist in the open surgical literature.1 In the laparoscopic literature recognition of this injury intraoperatively has allowed for primary end-to-end ureterorrhaphy.2 Too ur knowledge laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation during radical prostatectomy has not previously been described. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old man with Gleason sum 7 prostate adenocarcinoma presented for robot assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. The Montsouris technique was used. After extirpation of the prostate the bladder neck was inspected. Indigo carmine was infused intravenously and was seen effluxing from only the left ureteral orifice. A 0.038-inch guidewire was used to cannulate the right ureteral orifice, confirming ureteral transection at the level of the seminal vesical. Investigation posteriorly in the area of the initial seminal vesical dissection revealed the proximal end of the ureter effluxing blue urine. Our standard vesicourethral anastomosis was used, with 8 interrupted 2-zero polyglactin absorbable suture. The bladder was distended and the mobilized distal ureter was positioned toward the right lateral dome without tension. A cystotomy was made at the corresponding site. The distal 5 mm section of ureter was resected and spatulated. Through the lateral accessory port a 6Fr 26 cm double pigtail ureteral stent was passed over a wire up to the kidney. The distal end of the stent was placed in the cystotomy. Using 4, 4-zero absorbable sutures in an interrupted fashion, the ureter was securely implanted with mucosal apposition. To augment this anastomosis, a layer of detrusor was used to buttress the anastomosis. A self-suctioning drain was left in the pelvis for 48 hours. The patient had no other perioperative complications and was discharged home on postoperative day 2. The urinary catheter was removed at 8 days postoperatively. Five weeks later the stent was removed cystoscopically. At 3 months postoperatively excretory urography demonstrated normal upper tract architecture and drainage (see figure). DISCUSSION
A combined theoretical and experimental study of the interaction of metrizamide with proteins.

Abstract A theory of isopycnic sedimentation of interacting systems provides a theoretical explanation for the isopycnic behavior of catalase and other proteins in metrizamide gradients of pH 7.0–7.5, particularly the bimodal banding patterns reported by some investigators. As for whether or not the model is realistic, a spectroscopic investigation provides an unambiguous demonstration of a reversible interaction between metrizamide and the catalase dimers formed by dissociation of catalase tetramer at pH 3. The metrizamide-catalase dimer complex(es) is of high bouyant density. In addition, metrizamide at pH 7.4 interacts with heat-denatured ovalbumin. These observations suggest that the denser band in the experimental bimodal isopycnic patterns might be a complex(es) of metrizamide with a comformationally altered state of the protein.
Antioxidant/Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities and Chemical Compositions of Selected Essential Oils

Twenty-five essential oils were tested for antioxidant activities using a conjugated diene assay, the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay, the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, and the malonaldehyde/gas chromatography (MA/GC) assay. They were also tested for lipoxygenase inhibitory activities using the lipoxygenase inhibitor-screening assay. Thyme oil exhibited the greatest antioxidant effect in all assays (80-100%) except in the DPPH assay (60%). Clove leaf oil showed activities comparable to those of thyme oil (53-100%). Cinnamon leaf oil showed strong activities in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay (100%) and DPPH assay (84%), but only moderate activities in the conjugated diene assay (24%) and MA/GC assay (48%). Basil oil exhibited a strong effect in the DPPH assay (86%) and moderate activities in the MA/GC assay (35%). Bergamot oil exhibited 100% antioxidant activity in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid assay. Eucalyptus and chamomile oils showed appreciable activities only in the conjugated diene assay. Bitter orange oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (53%) only in the MA/GC assay. Aloe vera oil exhibited the greatest lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (96%), followed by thyme oil (86%) and bergamot oil (85%) at a concentration of 0.5 microg/mL. Chamomile oil showed slight lipoxygenase inhibitory activity at 0.5 microg/mL but strong lipoxygenase inducing activity at 5 microg/mL (-123%). Thyme and clove leaf oils contained high levels of thymol (23%) and eugenol (77%), respectively, as a principal of the antioxidant activity. The results obtained in the present study suggest that some essential oils possess strong medicinal activities, which can be utilized for treatment of certain diseases.
The Art of Being a Scientist: A Guide for Graduate Students and their Mentors

1. Introduction 2. What is science? 3. Choices, choices, choices 4. The adviser and thesis committee 5. Questions drive research 6. Giving direction to your work 7. Turning challenges into opportunities 8. Ethics of research 9. Using the scientific literature 10. Communication 11. Publishing a paper 12. Time management 13. Writing proposals 14. The scientific career 15. Applying for a job 16. Concluding remarks Appendix A. Further reading Appendix B. A sample curriculum Appendix C. The Refer and BibTeX format Index.
Spatial variations in tectonic subsidence during - Tippecanoe I in the Michigan Basin

Episodic tectonic subsidence can be seen from all backstripped wells from the Michigan Basin. These episodes are observed as periods of relatively rapid subsidence, contrasting with the relatively linear subsidence. Steady tectonic subsidence curves have been explained as being due to a decaying thermal anomaly in the underlying uplifted asthenosphere. Rapid episodes of subsidence require another explanation and prompt us to examine the tectonic history of surrounding areas for correlative events.The Taconic orogeny has been inferred to have influenced the development of the Michigian Basin. To analyse the extent of coupling between the Appalachian foredeep and the Michigan Basin we have used Ordovician formation tops correlated among 172 wells distributed over the whole of Michigan’s Lower Peninsula. The spatial variation of tectonic subsidence over this interval supports this suggestion. Contour maps of decompacted sediment thickness and subsidence rate show substantial changes in form and magnitude during the development of the Tippecanoe I sequence. Early basin-centred subsidence, during deposition of the Shakopee, St. Peter and Glenwood formations, was followed by tilting toward the Appalachian orogen concurrent with the early stages of the Taconic orogeny. This tilting continued, declining gradually, during deposition of the Black River, Trenton and Utica formations. Deposition during Tippecanoe I in the Michigan Basin may indicate modulation of continuing thermally driven subsidence by flexure of the lithosphere due to Taconic thrust loading, but the distinctive spatial distribution of subsidence over each interval may indicate that the important mechanisms making space available in the basin operated independently, not concurrently, invalidating the flexural model for the coupling and suggesting other regional, tectonic possibilities for models of basin initiation, evolution and filling.
Syndrome of anomalous venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior vena cava

Abstract Anomalous venous drainage of the right lung to the inferior vena cava is associated with abnormal lobation and bronchial division, hypoplasia of the lung and the pulmonary artery, and displacement of the heart to the right. There may also be branches of systemic arteries entering the lung, cystic bronchial diverticula, diaphragmatic defects, or congenital heart disease. A review of the 67 cases previously reported shows that the syndrome is highly variable and that one may be misled by reports of small series of patients. Three new cases in children have been described. All had an unusual degree of hypoplasia of the right lung, which probably accounts for absence of the typical “scimitar sign” on their chest roentgenograms. Angiocardiograms obtained routinely in patients with hypoplasia of a lung may be expected to reveal more cases of vascular anomalies of this kind. Bronchospirometry is the best method for evaluating the degree of functional impairment. Young people have few symptoms even when the pathologic changes are severe. Anastomosis of the anomalous vein to the left atrium is indicated if physiologic studies show that it carries a significant flow of blood, and if lung resection is not indicated because of local symptoms.
Mycotic cervical lymphadenitis following oral mucositis in children with leukemia

Four children developed mycotic cervical lymphadenitis while receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy for acute leukemia. Neutropenia, oral mucositis, and broad-spectrum antibiotic administration preceded the appearance of lymphadenitis in each case. Enlarged tender cervical lymph nodes of mycotic origin were not clinically distinguishable from lymphadenitis of bacterial or viral origin. Although cervical lymphadenitis was the initial clinical manifestation of deep fungal infection, computerized tomography of the chest and abdomen subsequently demonstrated asymptomatic pulmonic, splenic, or hepatic lesions characteristic of fungal abscesses in all four children. These findings demonstrate the importance of microbiologic identification of the etiologic agents of cervical lymphadenitis following mucositis and neutropenia in children with leukemia.
Arsenic and mercury contamination in 31 cores taken in 1965, St. Anna Trough, Kara Sea, Arctic Ocean

Several cores of 31 collected in 1965 in the St. Anna Trough, Kara Sea, have very high concentrations of Hg and As in surface/near-surface samples. Mercury contents range from 94 to 3915 ppb with a mean of 444 ppb and a baseline value of 314 ppb. Arsenic contents range from 5 to 710 ppm with a mean of 51 ppm and a baseline value of 23 ppm. The Hg and part of the As loading is likely anthropogenic from industrial activities in Siberia via atmospheric emission and deposition onto catchments. This is followed by mobilization into fluvial systems and is added to by industrial effluent discharge. Post-depositional diagenesis from depth in the cores contributes to high As values. A north-flowing bottom current transports Hg- and As-bearing suspended material from the Ob River sea discharge zone to depositional environments in the St. Anna Trough. Dumping of military materials and other wastes into the Kara Sea from the late 1940s to 1991 has likely added to Hg and As loading in the trough sediments. The bioavailability of mercury from suspended materials may be the reason why higher than normal levels of these potentially toxic elements are found in European Arctic seabirds, ringed seal and polar bear.
Acceleration of Electrons by the Interaction of a Bunched Electron Beam With a Plasma

A new scheme for accelerating electrons, employing a bunched relativistic electron beam in a cold plasma, is analyzed. We show that energy gradients can exceed 1 GeV/m and that the driven electrons can be accelerated from ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}m{c}^{2}$ to $3{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}m{c}^{2}$ before the driving beam slows down enough to degrade the plasma wave. If the driving electrons are removed before they cause the collapse of the plasma wave, energies up to $4{\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{0}^{c}m{c}^{2}$ are possible. A noncollinear injection scheme is suggested in order that the driving electrons can be removed.
An experimental test of automatic mitigation of wholesale electricity prices

Abstract In several major deregulated electricity generation markets, the market operator uses an “automatic mitigation procedure” (AMP) to attempt to suppress the exercise of market power. A leading type of AMP compares the offer price from each generation unit with a recent historical average of accepted offer prices from that same unit during periods when there was no transmission-system congestion to impede competition. If one or more units' offer prices exceed the recent historical average by more than a specified margin, and if these offer prices raise the market-clearing price by more than a specified margin, the market operator replaces the offending offer prices with lower ones. In an experiment, we test an AMP of this type. We find that it keeps market prices close to marginal cost if generation owners have low market power in uncongested periods. However, with high market power in uncongested periods, a condition that may apply in many parts of the world, the generation owners are able to gradually raise the market price well above short-run marginal cost in spite of the AMP. We also test the effect of the AMP on the frequency with which high-variable-cost units are used, inefficiently, in place of low-variable-cost units.
White attitudes in townsville: Authoritarianism, religiosity and contact

(1981). White attitudes in townsville: Authoritarianism, religiosity and contact. Australian Psychologist: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 111-122.
Autonomous Learning in Psychologically-Oriented Cognitive Architectures: A Survey

Abstract This survey paper discusses the topic of autonomous learning in psychologically-oriented cognitive architectures and reviews some of the most popular cognitive architectures used in psychology, namely ACT-R, Soar, and Clarion. Autonomous learning is critical in the development of cognitive agents, and several learning-related desiderata useful for ‘psychological’ cognitive architectures are proposed. This article shows that all the reviewed cognitive architectures include some form of explicit (‘symbolic’) and implicit (‘subsymbolic’) learning. Additionally, ACT-R and Clarion are shown to include a top–down learning algorithm (from explicit to implicit), and Clarion also includes a bottom–up learning process (from implicit to explicit). Two simulation examples are presented with each cognitive architecture to illustrate the autonomous learning capacities of each modeling paradigm. While Clarion is more autonomous (requiring less a priori knowledge), Soar and ACT-R have so far been used in more complex tasks. The presentation concludes with some general considerations for future work.
Adaptive Competition, Market Efficiency, and Phase Transitions

In many social and biological systems agents simultaneously and adaptively compete for limited resources, thereby altering their environment. We analyze a simple model that incorporates fundamental features of such systems. If the space of strategies available to the agents is small, the system is in a phase in which all information available to the agents' strategies is traded away, and agents' choices are maladaptive, resulting in a poor collective utilization of resources. For larger strategy spaces, the system is in a phase in which the agents are able to coordinate their actions to achieve a better utilization of resources. The best utilization of resources occurs at a critical point, when the dimension of the strategy space is on the order of the number of agents.
Resisting and Reconciling Big Wind: Middle Landscape Politics in the New American West

: While critical geographers have addressed how place politics impacts rural landscapes, less attention has been paid to the particular ways in which rural landscape identities are being impacted by the new energy economy. The nascent US wind energy opposition movement is evidence of broad, organized resistance to the landscape impacts associated with the re-sculpting of rural energy geographies. Drawing from cultural landscape and place theory, this article examines the shifting terrain of wind opposition in the “New American West”. The article argues that wind energy opposition is fundamentally about who speaks for and negotiates conflicting social commitments to technology, economic values and an imagined American pastoral identity. By examining a case study of wind development in Nevada, this article considers how renewable energy development can constructively acknowledge the important role the “middle landscape” continues to play in American constructions of rural space.
Myotubes from transgenic mdx mice expressing full-length dystrophin show normal calcium regulation.

Abstract A lack of dystrophin results in muscle degeneration in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dystrophin-deficient human and mouse muscle cells have higher resting levels of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) and show a related increase in single-channel open probabilities of calcium leak channels. Elevated [Ca2+]i results in high levels of calcium-dependent proteolysis, which in turn increases calcium leak channel activity. This process could initiate muscle degeneration by further increasing [Ca2+]i and proteolysis in a positive feedback loop. Here, we tested the direct effect of restoration of dystrophin on [Ca2+]i and channel activity in primary myotubes from mdx mice made transgenic for full-length dystrophin. Transgenic mdx mice have been previously shown to have normal dystrophin localization and no muscle degeneration. Fura-2 calcium measurements and single-channel patch recordings showed that resting [Ca2+]i levels and open probabilities of calcium leak channels of transgenic mdx myotubes were similar to normal levels and significantly lower than mdx littermate controls (mdx) that lack dystrophin. Thus, restoration of normal calcium regulation in transgenic mdx mice may underlie the resulting absence of degeneration.
The coming of age of (academic) global routing

Wire routing, an important step in modern VLSI design, is increasingly responsible for timing closure and manufacturability. The CAD community has witnessed remarkable improvements in speed and quality of global routing algorithms in response to the inaugural ISPD 2007 Global Routing Contest, where prizes were awarded for best results on a new set of large industry benchmarks.In this paper, we review the state of the art in global routing and identify several critical techniques that distinguish top routing algorithms. We also discuss open challenges and offer predictions regarding the future of routing research.
Psychiatric Disorders in HIV-Infected Patients

Summary HIV infection is associated with considerable psychiatric, as well as medical, morbidity. Epidemiological studies indicate that patients who are infected with HIV are at an increased risk of having a psychiatric disorder compared with uninfected individuals. Knowledge of infection with HIV is associated with considerable psychological stress. Moreover, HIV infection produces direct and indirect brain injury leading to the development of psychiatric conditions. Conversely, the vulnerabilities and behaviours necessary for contracting HIV are associated with some psychiatric disorders, so that increasingly large numbers of patients with these disorders are becoming infected with the virus. Patients with psychiatric disorders are at higher risk than others in the general population of continuing high-risk HIV-related behaviour, and are less responsive to education. The psychiatric disorders that are most common among individuals who have HIV infection are substance abuse, mood, anxiety and cognitive disorders. Psychiatric disorders are an aspect of HIV infection that responds to appropriate treatment. Such treatment is based on careful evaluation and differential diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms. A variety of psychotherapeutic agents are available to the clinician to treat these disorders. These are best administered after the establishment of good doctor-patient rapport, and in tandem with ongoing education and supportive psychotherapy.
Endometrial α-2 Macroglobulin; Localization by in Situ Hybridization and Effect on Mouse Embryo Development in Vitro

α-2 macroglobulin (A2M) is a 718,000-kDa broad spectrum plasma protease inhibitor whose production by the human endometrium was recently reported. The multifunctional A2M receptor, also known as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, was also recently immunolocalized to the endometrial stroma. The objective of this study was to further characterize the endometrial site of expression of A2M, and to study its effects on mouse embryo development in vitro, to gain some insight into the functional significance of its endometrial production. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human endometrium from hysterectomy and endometrial biopsy specimen was used for in situ hybridization analysis, with 35S-labeled riboprobes representing subcloned A2M complementary DNA (cDNA) fragments. Duplicate sections of human endometrium were hybridized with sense and antisense probe and coated with photographic emulsion. Resultant autoradiograms were analyzed qualitatively by light- and darkfield microscopy and quantitativ...
Analysis of the hot gas flow in the outlet plenum of the very high temperature reactor using coupled RELAP5-3D system code and a CFD code

The very high temperature reactor (VHTR) system behavior should be predicted during normal operating conditions and postulated accident conditions. The plant accident scenario and the passive safety behavior should be accurately predicted. Uncertainties in passive safety behavior could have large effects on the resulting system characteristics. Due to these performance issues in the VHTR, there is a need for development, testing and validation of design tools to demonstrate the feasibility of the design concepts and guide the improvement of the plant components. One of the identified design issues for the gas-cooled reactor is the thermal mixing of the coolant exiting the core into the outlet plenum. Incomplete thermal mixing may give rise to thermal stresses in the downstream components. To provide flow details, the analysis presented in this paper was performed by coupling a VHTR model generated in a thermal hydraulic systems code to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) outlet plenum model. The outlet conditions obtained from the systems code VHTR model provide the inlet boundary conditions to the CFD outlet plenum model. By coupling the two codes in this manner, the important three-dimensional flow effects in the outlet plenum are well modeled while avoiding modeling the entire reactor with a computationally expensive CFD code. The values of pressure, mass flow rate and temperature across the coupled boundary showed differences of less than 5% in every location except for one channel. The coupling auxiliary program used in this analysis can be applied to many different cases requiring detailed three-dimensional modeling in a small portion of the domain.
Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis in a Patient With Neurofibromatosis Type I

A 22 -year-old white man was found to have a serum creatinine level of 3.4 mg/dL (259 μmol/L) and 6 g of protein in a 24-hour urine collection. Laboratory studies performed 5 years prior showed no evidence of abnormal renal function. Neurofibromatosis had been diagnosed in infancy, and genetic testing showed that the patient had a mutation in chromosome 17, consistent with neurofibromatosis type I. Mutations on chromosomes 1, 11, and 19 have been reported to result in genetic forms of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. This is the first case report of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis occurring in a patient with neurofibromatosis type I.
Mechanistic Studies of the Acidolysis Reactions Occurring in Silicon-Containing Bilayer Photoresists

As the feature sizes of semiconductor devices continue to shrink, there is an increasing interest in thin film imaging approaches such as silicon-based bilayer resists. We have developed such a res...
Stickier Priors: The Effects of Nonanalytic Versus Analytic Thinking in New Product Forecasting

Abstract The author investigates scenario generation and analogical reasoning as potential sources of bias in new product forecasting. In a series of studies, scenarios and analogies are shown to have persistent effects on judgment, despite subsequent use of corrective analytic techniques (e.g., counterfactual reasoning, counterscenarios, counteranalogies, decomposition, accountability). These findings demonstrate the robustness of nonanalytic processes on judgment and the need to be aware of their seductive effects.
Self reports on alcohol use and compliance with antihypertensive medication.

Adverse effects of alcohol drinking were investigated in 240 hypertensive patients. Perceived interaction between alcohol and antihypertensive medication was reported by 9.9% of patients but the sy...
Bioactive Dehydrotyrosyl and Dehydrodopyl Compounds of Marine Origin

The amino acid, tyrosine, and its hydroxylated product, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), plays an important role in the biogenesis of a number of potentially important bioactive molecules in marine organisms. Interestingly, several of these tyrosyl and dopa-containing compounds possess dehydro groups in their side chains. Examples span the range from simple dehydrotyrosine and dehydrodopamines to complex metabolic products, including peptides and polycyclic alkaloids. Based on structural information, these compounds can be subdivided into five categories: (a) Simple dehydrotyrosine and dehydrotyramine containing molecules; (b) simple dehydrodopa derivatives; (c) peptidyl dehydrotyrosine and dehydrodopa derivatives; (d) multiple dehydrodopa containing compounds; and (e) polycyclic condensed dehydrodopa derivatives. These molecules possess a wide range of biological activities that include (but are not limited to) antitumor activity, antibiotic activity, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, multidrug resistance reversal, cell division inhibition, immunomodulatory activity, HIV-integrase inhibition, anti-viral, and anti-feeding (or feeding deterrent) activity. This review summarizes the structure, distribution, possible biosynthetic origin, and biological activity, of the five categories of dehydrotyrosine and dehydrodopa containing compounds.
Timing of Post-partum Ovulation in the Rat1

The ovulatory surge of LH is released between 2 and 4 PM of proestrus in the cyclic rat, as shown by the ability of drugs or hypophysectomy at 2 PM on the afternoon of proestrus to block ovulation. In the present study, the time of occurrence of the ovulation following parturition in the rat was examined with respect to the time of delivery, and the time of LH release responsible for the ovulation was investigated. Post-partum animals which delivered between 4 PM (Day 1) and 8 AM (Day 2) had not ovulated by 4 PM of Day 2 but had ovulated by 10 AM on Day 3; of animals delivering between 8 AM and 4 PM (Day 1), about ⅔ ovulated between 4 PM of Day 1 and 10 AM of Day 2, and the rest ovulated between 4 PM of Day 2 and 10 AM of Day 3. The LH release responsible for this ovulation appeared to be occurring no earlier than 10 AM and no later than 6 PM (assuming a 12-hr latent period to LH), since animals observed during the night ovulated between 10 PM and 6 AM. Atropine, pentobarbital, morphine and barbital were ...
Economic Reform, Private Sector Development, and the Business Environment in Viet Nam

This study assesses the post-reform business environment in Viet Nam as seen from a Vietnamese perspective. A survey was conducted in the two largest cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City to study how Vietnamese entrepreneurs and owners evaluate the post-reform business environment. The findings were mixed. For instance, while the evidence supports the common thesis concerning the specific weaknesses in some sectors such as the legal and financial, it contradicts the conventional wisdom that lack of access to bank credit constitutes a crippling impediment for entrepreneurial initiatives. There is some evidence showing entrepreneurs' reliance on market prices for making important decisions, indicating that the price mechanism has begun to take root. Further, contrary to expectation, most entrepreneurs found the commercial/market conditions acceptable; they also expressed a feeling of trust and confidence in the future of the business environment in Viet Nam.
Extension temperature of 60°C required for PCR amplification of large DNA fragments (>5 kb) from a low GC bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum

PCR amplification of DNA fragments has been routinely used in gene cloning and engineering of microbial strains for biotechnological purposes such as production of biofuels and green chemicals. However, it is often a challenge to amplify large DNA fragments (>5 kb) from low GC microorganisms using the standard PCR protocols. In this brief communication, we report a modified PCR method with an extension temperature of 60°C, which efficiently amplified a 5.3 and a 5.5 kb DNA fragment (an extension time of 6 min) from a low GC bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum (~30% GC). A lower than normal extension temperature (72°C) approach may also facilitate PCR amplification of large DNA fragments (>5 kb) from other low GC microorganisms.
Optimizing Protective Clothing Design for Hot Outdoor Environments

Thermal manikin tests were performed on selected protective garments to assess their heat transfer properties during exposure to infrared heat radiation. Comparing a newly developed Infrared (IR) Heat Radiation attenuatuion vest with a standard winter jacket, it could be seen that that the IR Vest provided a thermal comfort benefit above a heat radiation exposure level of 150 Watts while the winter jacket provided a thermal benefit above a 450 Watt heat radiation exposure level. The study identified important temperature cross-over points which define the thermodynamic properties and also characterize the heat radiation attenuation and heat insulation properties of garments. The evaluation method is seen as a new design tool for optimizing garment comfort and safety.
Prevalence of ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China.

Abstract A series of 92 Chinese children newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were examined for the ETV6–RUNX1 (previously TEL–AML1 ) fusion gene by using a nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. ETV6–RUNX1 fusion transcripts were detected in 21 of 92 patients (22.8%): 16 with common ALL, 4 with precursor B-cell ALL, and 1 with T-ALL. The prevalence of ETV6–RUNX1 positivity was 24.7% (20/81) in childhood B-lineage ALL. The prevalence of ETV6–RUNX1 in Chinese pediatric ALL patients proved to be similar to that found in other countries.
Bioactivity of WLBU2 peptide antibiotic in combination with bioerodible polymer.

Abstract WLBU2 is a peptide antibiotic designed for broad antimicrobial activity, including bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Although periodontitis is associated with various systemic conditions, ranging from cardiovascular disease to preterm birth, local therapy is needed to treat the source of infection. Biodegradable polymers are often used to control locally the amount and rate of delivery of drugs. In the present study, a bioerodible association polymer comprising cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and Pluronic ® F-127 (PF-127) was explored for its interaction with WLBU2. The intrinsic antimicrobial activity of CAP/PF-127 and the combined effects of the polymer and WLBU2 were examined using Streptococcus gordonii , a species involved in early colonisation of tooth surfaces. The polymer blend alone had dose-dependent bacteriostatic properties, resulting in a ≥2log decrease in colonies at the highest concentrations tested, possibly due to the hydrophobicity of CAP disrupting the surface of bacteria. When WLBU2 was combined with CAP/PF-127, an apparent binding of peptide to polymer significantly decreased the activity compared with free WLBU2, which functions like other cationic peptides by destabilising the bacterial membrane. Formulation with sucrose as an excipient, which reduced the interaction between WLBU2 and polymer, restored the bactericidal activity of the peptide antibiotic as reflected by a >3log decrease in S. gordonii . WLBU2 can be locally delivered using CAP/PF-127 as a release vehicle, with the peptide's bactericidal activity dominating the polymer's bacteriostatic effect.
Epigenetics and assisted reproduction.

Purpose of reviewEpigenetics encompasses multiple mechanisms by which DNA transcription is altered in various tissues and at different times without changing the underlying gene sequence. Epigenetics plays a key role, especially during embryo and trophoblast development. As assisted reproduction tec
Scar endometriosis: An unusual cause of lower abdominal pain in an adolescent

Abstract A 16-year-old primigravida presented with a 3-year history of right lower quadrant pain. Physical examination revealed a mass lateral to the edge of a low transverse abdominal incision from her cesarean section. Following surgical excision, histological examination revealed tissue consistent with endometriosis. The patient was discharged without complications with a diagnosis of scar endometriosis.
Magmas in collision: Rethinking chemical zonation in silicic magmas: Comment and Reply: COMMENT

Eichelberger et al. suggest that chamber recharge should replace fractional crystallization as the dominant mechanism producing chemically heterogeneous eruptions. I find their arguments to be based on a subjective reading of the literature on zoned silicic magma systems. Among the flaws in their
Tomographic imaging of equatorial plasma bubbles

[1] Recently the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on-board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite has detected far ultraviolet (FUV) images of plasma depletions in the low-latitude and equatorial ionosphere. A model of GUVI observation geometry was developed to simulate radiance observations of a model ionosphere. We report on results in reconstructing multi-dimensional electron density profiles from GUVI brightness measurements through the use of statistical inversion techniques. These results enable the global observation and characterization of the structure of plasma bubbles and provide a means to quantify the level of depletion in the structures. Results are compared with corresponding JULIA observations for validation. The ability to globally image and characterize equatorial plasma bubbles provides a powerful tool for understanding this elusive space weather phenomenon.
Reversible crosslinking in epoxy resins. I. Feasibility studies

The objective of the research is to investigate epoxy resins where crosslinks formed in curing reactions can be cleaved and reformed without significant sacrifice in resin properties. In this phase of the investigation, experimental disulfide-containing crosslinking agents have been studied, including dihydrazides of dithiodicarboxylic acids(aliphatic and aromatic) and dithio-aromatic diamines. Conditions for curing reactions and for subsequent cleavage of crosslinks by reduction have been determined in model systems and confirmed for a prototype epoxy resin. A preliminary comparative evaluation of cure kinetics and of crosslink density and thermal and mechanical properties has been carried out for this resin cured with aromatic curing agents (4,4′-dithiodianiline and methylene dianiline) and with aliphatic compounds (3,3′-dithiopropionic acid dihydrazide and hexamethylene diamine). It has been shown that in a resin fully cured with disulfide-containing crosslinking agents, crosslinks could be ruptured by reduction, and reestablished by oxidation under mild conditions.
Martin Buber, Cooperation, and Evil

Cooperation is a fundamental feature of our social, moral, political, and religious lives. Moral and political philosophers argue that cooperation is determinative of the nature of morality and political obligation. Religious thinkers examine the cooperative element in contemporary society and the impact on our lives of its erosion and decline. Some theologians and interpreters reflect on the cooperative nature of the divine-human covenant articulated in the Biblical text, while others wonder about the relation between covenant and contract. All such
O FRA B ENGIO AND G ABRIEL B EN -D OR , ED ., Minorities and the State in the Arab World (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1999). Pp. 232. $49.95 cloth.

This book addresses an increasingly salient but still under-studied subject: the relationship between Arab states seeking to maintain and expand political hegemony over their populations and minority communities struggling to maintain their identities in the face of this centralizing and homogenizing thrust. Coming as it does at a time when the shifting balance between states and civil societies continues to dominate both the politics of the Arab world and the intellectual agenda of its students, this volume is a welcome addition to the literature on the region.
Ion Dynamics of Plasmas Induced in Elemental Targets by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

The energies and number densities of ions emitted from laser-induced plasmas were studied by means of a simple time-of-flight technique. The plasmas were formed on solid elemental targets exposed to focused pulses from a Ti:Sapphire mode-locked laser and regenerative amplifier. The pulse energy and length were 1.0 mJ and 100 fs, respectively, with irradiance at the target of 2 X 10 13 W/cm2. Ion kinetic energies, number densities, and mass removal rates were measured as functions of atomic mass, repetition rate, and angular orientation of the target with respect to the detector. Ion velocities varied within the 5.0-30.0 km/s range, corresponding to an average kinetic energy of 20-50 eV. Observed angular distribution of ion energy and number density obeyed the simple cosine function, which varied slightly for different elements. The total number of atoms removed per pulse was about 2 X 10 13, while the ion fraction varied in the range of 3.0-5.0% for the majority of studied elements. The estimated total ion kinetic energy per pulse was ~ 10 14 eV, which corresponds to ~ 1.5% of laser pulse energy. Mass removal rates demonstrated a direct relationship to transport properties of free electrons.
ON THE REPLICATIVE ORGANIZATION OF DNA IN THE POLYTENE CHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

The appearance of discrete labeling sites on autoradiographic preparations of pulse-labeled Drosophila salivary gland chromosomes indicates the presence of several independent points of DNA synthesis along the length of these polytene structures. While subject to an alternative interpretation, the data are most simply reconciled with the presence of several molecular ends in the DNA complement along the axis of each chromosome arm.
Limit theorems for probabilities of large deviations

Let {X k,n ; k=1, ⋯, n} be a triangular array of independent variables with row sums S n . Suppose E(X k,n ) = 0 and E(S ) = 1 and that $$\psi _n (h) = \sum\limits_{k = 1}^n {\log E(e^{h X_{k,n} } )}$$ exists for 0≦h≦ɛ n . Under mild conditions we show that (1) $$P\{ S_n > z_n \} = \exp [ - r_n + 0(r_n )], r_n \to \infty$$ where the quantities z n and r n are related by the parametric equations (2) $$z_n = \psi '_n (h_n ), r_n = h_n \psi '_n (h_n ) - \psi _n (h_n ).$$ If the distributions of the X k,n behave reasonably well it is usually not difficult to obtain satisfactory asymptotic estimates for z n in terms of r n and vice versa. The principal application is to sequences X k . Then X k,n = X k /s n and S n = (X 1+⋯.+X n )/s n . A familiar special case of (1) is given by $$P\{ X_1 + \cdots + X_n > s_n z_n \} \sim [1 - \mathfrak{N}(z_n )] \exp [ - P_n (z_n )]$$ where $$\mathfrak{N}$$ is the standard normal distribution and P n a certain power series. In this case rn = z n 2 but (2) may lead to radically different relationships between rn and zn.
Photon based sensing of pathogens in food

A chemiluminescence assay for detection of coliforms was developed based on reaction of /spl beta/-galactosidase enzyme from Escherichia coli with a phenylgalactosidase-substituted dioxetane substrate, leading to generation of light at 530 nm. An antibiotic is added to increase cell membrane permeability. Upon addition of the dioxetane substrate, the stable dioxetane is enzymatically deprotected by /spl beta/-galactosidase to produce an unstable form of dioxetane, which decomposes in a local hydrophobic environment producing a singlet-excited ester. Photons are generated when the excited ester decays and energy transfers to a fluorescing chemical present in the dioxetane substrate cocktail. Light emitted from the reaction is measured,in a commercial luminometer. Photon count is correlated with number of E. coli cells enumerated on agar plates. An exponential increase in the intensity of light emitted is observed with exponential increase in numbers of E. coli. The detection limit for the assay is 10/sup 2/-10/sup 3/ cells in 45 min. Enzyme-based chemiluminescence sensing provides a simple and rapid method for detection of microbial contamination in foods.
Homography-based visual servo tracking control of a wheeled mobile robot

A visual servo tracking controller is developed in this paper for a monocular camera system mounted on an underactuated wheeled mobile robot (WMR) subject to nonholonomic motion constraints (i.e., the camera-in-hand problem). A prerecorded image sequence (e.g., a video) of three target points is used to define a desired trajectory for the WMR. By comparing the target points from a stationary reference image with the corresponding target points in the live image and the prerecorded sequence of images, projective geometric relationships are exploited to construct Euclidean homographies. The information obtained by decomposing the Euclidean homography is used to develop a kinematic controller. A Lyapunov-based analysis is used to develop an adaptive update law to actively compensate for the lack of depth information required for the translation error system. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the control design.
Vasopressor Use and Effect on Blood Pressure After Severe Adult Traumatic Brain Injury

Background We describe institutional vasopressor usage, and examine the effect of vasopressors on hemodynamics: heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2), and jugular venous oximetry (SjVO2) in adults with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).