cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of aerial photography to the study of small scale upper ocean phenomena

The industrial waste dumped 180 n. miles south of Galveston was monitored in July 1977 by water sampling, hydrographic measurements, acoustic tracking on board two vessels, and by aerial photography. The plume of the waste diffused vertically and horizontally. Photodensitometry of aerial photos of the plume showed lateral dispersion of the plume in agreement with two other methods: acoustic tracking of the waste suspensoid and transmissometer sampling. In addition, the method showed small scale features like the lateral and longitudinal variations in the photodensity, indicating the waste concentration. This waste concentration showed periodic changes in its axial distance, with the spectral peak at about 160 m wave length. It shows a sharp increase at the windward edge of the plume as do the acoustic records. This phenomenon is explained in terms of the shearing current near the surface together with vertical diffusion. The periodic change along the axis is explained in terms of the Langmuir circulation and in terms of internal ship waves.
Finite groups of order 2a3b17c, II

For the remainder of the paper we will be mainly concerned with the proof of the theorem, so from now on G is a minimal counterexample to the theorem. Thus G enjoys all of the properties of [19, Propositions 0, 001. We collect together some further properties of G:
The effects of spectral distribution on x-ray image quality

Abstract Broad and monoenergetic x-ray spectra were analyzed with a computer to determine the photon signal-to-noise ratio, exposure modulation, and integral dose in a simulated caries detection task. Assuming an ideal exposure geometry, it was possible to compute relative values which permit meaningful comparison of spectra in terms of these parameters. The broad spectra were measured with a high-resolution spectrometer system. The data were corrected for spurious effects and analyzed with an idealized attenuation model. The results suggest that spectral changes brought about by even relatively small amounts of selective filtration in the region between 25 and 45 keV. measurably influence the potential for diagnostic quality.
Dyspneic-fear and catastrophic cognitions in hyperventilatory panic attacks.

The tenability of cognitive explanations of the experience of fear during panic attacks (viz. Ley's misattribution-of-symptoms hypothesis and Beck's and Clark's catastrophic-misinterpretation-of-symptoms hypotheses) is seriously questioned by findings from three independent lines of research: (a) Wolpe and Rowan's observation that catastrophic cognitions follow fear, (b) Rachman, Levitt and Lopatka's reports of panic attacks without fearful cognitions, and (c) reports of panic attacks during sleep occurring predominately during non-dreaming stages of sleep. Recognition of these findings led Ley to reject his misattribution-of-symptoms hypothesis in favor of an innate emotional-respiratory-response explanation. The revised hyperventilation theory now maintains that fear experienced during a hyperventilatory panic attack is caused by severe dyspnea in the context of little or no perceived control over the causes of the dyspnea (i.e. dyspneic-fear). Cognitions during panic attacks are discussed in terms of the cognitive deficit that results from the cerebral hypoxia produced by hyperventilation. Implications for theory and treatment are discussed.
Vibration reduction in computer controlled machines

In the approach to vibration reduction presented, a robust control scheme which reduces the effects of friction and the effects of inaccuracies in its modeling is used. The method consists of the design of two loops: an inner loop that controls the position of the motor and an outer loop than controls the position of the endpoint of the carriage. A high-gain inner loop incorporates a coupling term, and is designed to make the response of the motor position much faster than the endpoint position. An input command shaping scheme is used for the outer loop to reduce the vibrations. The complete scheme was applied to a coordinate measuring machine and gave satisfactory results. The controllers designed were simple and provided fast and accurate motion of the endpoint. >
Germylene Energetics: Electron Affinities and Singlet-Triplet Gaps of GeX2 and GeXY Species (X, Y = H, CH3, SiH3, GeH3, F, Cl, Br, I)

A systematic investigation of the GeX2 and GeXY species was carried out using the popular DFT functionals BLYP, B3LYP, and BHHLYP. Predicted are the singlet−triplet energy gaps and four types of neutral−anion separations: adiabatic electron affinity (EAad), zero-point vibrational energy corrected EAad(ZPVE), vertical electron affinity (EAvert), and vertical detachment energy. The basis sets used for all atoms in this work are of double-ζ plus polarization quality with additional s- and p-type diffuse functions denoted DZP++, except for iodine where the 6-311G(d,p) basis set is used. The geometries are fully optimized with each functional independently. Vibrational frequency analyses were performed to compute zero-point energy corrections and to determine the nature of the stationary points. The geometries and the relative energies are discussed and compared with the carbon and silicon analogues. The EAad(ZPVE) values (eV) obtained with the B3LYP functional range from 0.62 eV [Ge(CH3)2] to 2.08 eV [Ge(GeH3...
Bibliographic Databases on the World Wide Web

The usefulness and limitations of bibliographic database software is discussed. As an excellent example of how this medium can be used, the electronic database on palliative care developed by Dr. Nathan Cherny that is available on the World Wide Web is described.
Time-dependent disruptive effects of periaqueductal gray stimulation on development of morphine tolerance

In rats the development of one-trial tolerance to the analgesic action of morphine is disrupted by postadministration of 2-mA stimulation of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) after a 5-min but not a 3-hr delay. A 1-mA-intensity stimulation of the PAG had no disruptive effects. It is suggested that the PAG plays an important role in the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine.
Functional and Metabolic Preservation of the Immature Myocardium with Verapamil Following Global Ischemia

This study investigated the effects of the calcium antagonist verapamil on the functional and biochemical recovery of the immature heart following 30 minutes of normothermic ischemia. Verapamil (0.2 mg per kilogram of body weight) was infused into the aortic root in 5 puppies (8 to 10 weeks of age) prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. Five additional puppies received saline solution as a control. Left ventricular developed pressure, rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), left ventricular endsystolic pressure-diameter relationship (emax), compliance, and water content were assessed before and after bypass. Serial myocardial biopsies for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate were obtained. Puppies pretreated with verapamil recovered more than 80% of the preischemic left ventricular developed pressure, dP/dt, and emax in contrast to 50% recovery in the controls (p less than 0.05). The ATP content declined 40% during the interval of ischemia in the control puppies, versus 14.6% in the verapamil-treated puppies (p less than 0.05). Myocardial compliance was preserved in the verapamil-treated puppies and was associated with significantly less myocardial water content (78% versus 80.1% in the controls)(p less than 0.01). This study demonstrates the protective effects of verapamil on the immature heart during ischemic arrest. These results suggest that verapamil may be a useful adjunct to current methods of protecting the infant heart during cardiopulmonary bypass.
Subversive Redemption in Psychoanalysis

Subversive redemption--the sense of overturning the conventional order of things in order to recover lost parts of the self--is a virtually neglected topic in psychoanalysis. With free association, Freud empowered patients to harness unconventional thoughts and feelings. Patients who engage in subversive redemption frequently have a strong sense of agency prompting them to open up in new ways in lieu of "playing it safe." When patients begin to express certain forbidden ideas, the boundaries of analysis are broadened, freeing the analytic pair to become fully authentic. Psychoanalysis provides patients with an arena to renew themselves as they risk "killing off" their status quo positions to achieve the paradox of living more dangerously in the safety of the analytic surrounds. Patients then feel more confident about undertaking the process of subversive redemption in the wider world.
Trust and reciprocity decisions: The differing perspectives of trustors and trusted parties

Abstract This paper examines trusting actions and reciprocity responses in the two-person Trust Game. Two experiments test a model that suggests that individuals in social and economic interactions are likely to view the situation from their own unique perspective. The results demonstrate that trustors focus primarily on the risk associated with trusting, while trusted parties—those who are in a position to reciprocate—base their decisions on the level of benefits they have received. Specifically, trusting is more likely when risk is low, but the likelihood of trust does not depend on the level of benefit that trust provides to trusted parties. Meanwhile, reciprocity is more likely when the benefit provided is high, but does not depend on the level of risk the trustor faced. Neither party is particularly sensitive to the factors that affect their counterpart's decision. Furthermore, trustors underestimate the extent to which the level of benefits they provide might affect the trusted party' decision to reciprocate. Responses to a post-experimental questionnaire provide additional support for the proposition that the parties view the interaction from markedly different perspectives. Implications of this are discussed.
Target tracking with multipoint predictive neural network

Frequently, multipoint target tracking is achieved using a Kalman Filter or other means. Numerous papers have been published over the past decades on tracking of dynamic systems such as ships, planes, artillery shells, and control processes with Kalman Filters, particularly, when the mathematical equations of motion describing the dynamic system are available. Then, target tracking is a fairly straight forward procedure. In this paper, a back propagation neural network is successfully `trained' for tracking an artillery shell. It is a predictive neural network because its outputs are the future positions of the artillery shell.
A Persistent Carbenium Ion on the Methanol-to-Olefin Catalyst HSAPO-34: Acetone Shows the Way

In situ 13C NMR with both CAVERN and pulse−quench methods was used to understand the chemistry of acetone on the silico-aluminophosphate catalyst HSAPO-34. The isotropic shift of [2-13C]acetone shows that most of the acid sites on this catalyst are weaker than those on aluminosilicate zeolites, but a minority site was resolved with a shift higher than that on zeolite HZSM-5. At elevated temperatures, acetone dimerized to diacetone alcohol and dehydrated to mesityl oxide. Mesityl oxide cracked in the presence of water to acetic acid and isobutylene. Trimerization of butenes formed a significant amount of a persistent carbenium ion with unusual spectroscopic properties, and this is proposed to be the heptamethylcyclopentenyl cation, the first observation of a persistent carbenium ion on a SAPO catalyst. Chemical shift calculations at the GIAO-MP2 level revealed a discrepancy for one signal of the proposed cation but ruled out an alternative assignment. Methylaromatic formation coincided with cyclopentenyl c...
Spontaneous Pneumothorax as a Result of Intensive Cytotoxic Chemotherapy

Spontaneous pneumothorax occurring as a complication of the antitumor effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy has been reported in occasional cases of osteogenic sarcoma. Its occurrence in other tumors has not been described. This report describes two cases of this complication in patients with germinal tumors and discusses possible pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Performance comparisons of layered and multiple description coded video streaming over error-prone networks

Layered (LC) and multiple description coding (MDC) have been proposed as source coding techniques that are robust to channel errors for video transmission. In this paper, we investigate and study the error-resilience capabilities of these two encoding techniques through extensive experimentation, and explore the environments where they perform best. Although some of our conclusions agree with those in the literature, we believe that this paper provides the most comprehensive performance comparison yet between LC and MDC.
Domain-representable spaces

We study domain-representable spaces, i.e., spaces that can be represented as the space of maximal elements of some continuous directed-complete partial order (= domain) with the Scott topology. We show that the Michael and Sorgenfrey lines are of this type, as is any subspace of any space of ordinals. We show that any com- pletely regular space is a closed subset of some domain-representable space, and that if X is domain-representable, then so is any G�-subspace of X. It follows that any y Cech- complete space is domain-representable. These results answer several questions in the literature.
New mechanism for generating density perturbations from inflation

We propose a new mechanism to generate density perturbations in inflationary models. Spatial fluctuations in the decay rate of the inflaton field to ordinary matter lead to fluctuations in the reheating temperature. We argue that in most realistic models of inflation the coupling of the inflaton to normal matter is determined by the vacuum expectation values of fields in the theory. If those fields are light during inflation (this is a generic situation in the minimal models of supersymmetric inflation) they will fluctuate leading to density perturbations through the proposed mechanism. We show that these fluctuations could easily dominate over the ones generated through the standard mechanism. The new scenario has several consequences for inflation model building and observations. The proposed mechanism allows us to generate the observed level of density perturbations with a much lower scale of inflation and thus generically predicts a smaller level of gravitational waves. The relation between the slope of the spectrum of the produced density perturbations and the potential of the inflaton field is different from the standard relations obtained in the context of slow roll inflation. Because the field responsible for the fluctuations is not the inflaton, it can have significantly larger self-couplings and thus density perturbations could be non-Gaussian. The non-Gaussianity can be large enough to be detectable by CMB and large scale structure observations.
World-sheet geometry and baby universes in 2D quantum gravity

We show that the surface roughness for c<1 matter theories coupled to 2D quantum gravity is described by a self-similar structure of baby universes. There exist baby universes whose neck thickness is of the order of the ultraviolet cutoff, the largest of these having a macroscopic area ∼A1(1−γ), where A is the total area and γ the string susceptibility exponent.
A zero-inflated Bayesian spatial model with near-locating measurements

Zero-inflated data arise in many contexts. In this paper, we develop a zero-inflated Bayesian hierarchical model which deals with spatial effects, correlation among near-locating measurements as well as excess zeros simultaneously. Inference, including the sampling from the posterior distributions, predictions at new locations, and model selection, is carried out by using computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques. The posterior distributions are simulated using a Gibbs sampler with the embedded ratio-of-uniform method and the slice sampling algorithm. The approach is illustrated via an application to herbaceous data collected in the Missouri Ozark Forest Ecosystem Project. The results from the proposed model are compared with those generated from a non-zero inflated model. The proposed model fully incorporates the information from data collection and provides more reliable inference. A predictive $$p$$ value is computed for model checking and it indicates that the proposed model fits the data well.
From rational to trigonometric R-matrices

Abstract The skew-symmetric trigonometric R -matrices in the classification of Belavin and Drinfel'd are shown to be particular elements of a linear set of R -matrices arising from the deformation of the canonical non-skew-symmetric q -pole R -matrix belonging to the Lie algebra G ⊗ G ⊗ C (λ,μ). This deformation is consistent only on the Lie algebra automorphism defining the q -pole R -matri x is a Coxeter automorphism. This linear deformation is the only one allowed when the algebraic structure of R as an element of G ⊗ G is required to be preserved, at least when G =(2, C ).
Binding of 5-hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline by rat lung

Apres injection i.v. de 5-hydroxatryptamine-C14 et de noradrenaline-H3 a des rats, on a prepare et centrifuge des homogenates de leurs poumons dans un gradient lineaire de sucrose. Apres sacrifice immediat ces deux amines sont retrouvees dans une grande fraction de particules pulmonaires sedimentant dans 1M de sucrose. Apres 30 min les poumons des rat offrent un pic additionel de noradrenaline-H3 correspondant a une densite de sucrose de 0.4 a 0.5.
A portable, high-speed, vacuum-outlet GC vapor analyzer employing air as carrier gas and surface acoustic wave detection.

Vacuum-outlet GC with atmospheric-pressure air as the carrier gas is implemented at outlet pressures up to 0.8 atm using a low-dead-volume polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) detector. Increases in the system outlet pressure from 0.1 to 0.8 atm lead to proportional increases in detector sensitivity and significant increases in column efficiency. The latter effect arises from the fact that optimal carrier gas velocities are lower in air than in more conventional carrier gases such as helium or hydrogen due to the smaller binary diffusion coefficients of vapors in air. A 12-m-long, 0.25-mm-i.d. tandem column ensemble consisting of 4.5-m dimethyl polysiloxane and 7.5-m trifluoropropylmethyl polysiloxane operated at an outlet pressure of 0.5 atm provides up to 4 × 104 theoretical plates and a peak capacity of 65 (resolution, 1.5) for a 3-min isothermal analysis. At 30 °C, mixtures of vapors ranging in vapor pressure from 8.6 to 76 Torr are separated in this time frame. The SAW detector cell has an inte...
Meta-Analysis of Personality Assessments as Predictors of Military Aviation Training Success

Results from a meta-analysis of studies using personality constructs to predict military aviation training outcomes are reported. From the 26 studies that reported effects of personality as predictors of aviation training outcome, the constructs of neuroticism (K = 7), extroversion (K = 8), and anxiety (K = 4) appeared most frequently. Meta-analysis effects were derived using both random effects and artifact distribution model. Uncorrected effects from the random effects model produced the largest mean effect for neuroticism (r meta = −.15), followed by extroversion (r meta = .13), and anxiety (r meta = −.11). Corrections for predictor reliability and range restriction produced the greatest increase in the validity coefficient for neuroticism (rcorr = −.25), implying more psychometrically reliable and sensitive instruments could substantially improve the predictive validity of personality assessments in aviation selection contexts. The results confirmed the hypothesis that neuroticism and its facet anxiet...
Chamber compliance and myocardial stiffness in left ventricular hypertrophy.

Left ventricular chamber stiffness is determined by the level of operating pressure and the diastolic pressurevolume relation. This relation is curvilinear and the slope of a tangent to the pressure-volume curve (operative chamber stiffness) increases as the chamber progressively fills. Such preload dependent changes in compliance occur during any acute alteration in ventricular volume. At a given diastolic pressure, operative chamber stiffness is determined by the relative values for ventricular volume and muscle mass and by the stiffness of a unit of myocardium. Thus, there may be a leftward shift of the diastolic pressure-volume curve (increase in the modulus of chamber stiffness) as a consequence of ventricular hypertrophy or an increase in the stiffness of heart muscle itself (increase in the modulus of muscle stiffness). To assess the stiffness of heart muscle, the myocardial stressstrain and stiffness-stress relations must be defined. Although some controversy exists with regard to the stiffness of hypertrophied myocardium, clinical studies suggest that chamber stiffness and myocardial stiffness can be normal or increased in the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. These studies also suggest that increased myocardial stiffness develops in the presence of increased interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, isolated cardiac muscle experiments indicate that the increase in myocardial stiffness can be prevented when the connective tissue response is prevented. Quantitative measures of left ventricular chamber and myocardial stiffness contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac dyspnea and provide insight into functional and structural defects of hypertrophied myocardium.
On the directionality of key pecking during signals for appetitive and aversive events

Abstract Pigeons were exposed to a signal paired with either blackout or blackout plus shock and to another signal paired with food superimposed on a baseline of concurrent variable-interval reinforcement of pecks on two keys. The signals were changes of color of one of the two keys. The rate of pecking both keys during the signal paired with blackout or blackout plus shock was lower than the baseline rate of pecking (a conditioned emotional response), but the decrease in pecking was greater on the signal key. When the intensity of shock was increased, the rate of pecking did not decrease further on the signal key but did decrease on the other key. Rate of pecking during the signal paired with food increased sharply on the signal key (an autoshaping effect) and decreased sharply on the other key. These results support a view that there are two effects of the interaction between classical and instrumental conditioning, a stimulus-directed effect and a generalemotional effect.
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle-Supported Catalysis of Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions

Emulsion polymerization was examined as a novel route for the synthesis of core/shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles consisting of a highly crystalline γ-Fe2O3 core and a very thin polymeric shell wall. These nanoparticles were used as soluble supports for immobilizing Pd catalysts to promote Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Recovery of catalysts was facilely achieved by applying a permanent magnet externally. Isolated catalysts were reused for new rounds of reactions without significant loss of their catalytic activity.
A computational method for the study of stochastic epidemics

Compartmental models for stochastic epidemics are typically intractable mathematically, and extremely demanding to intractable, when studied by traditional numerical methods. Researchers have consequently resorted to deterministic approximations or simulation to investigate them. This paper describes an alternative numerical method, called here the Probability Vector Method (PVM), for analyzing such models. It has the potential of estimating the first few moments of a compartmentalized epidemic model over a sequence of times. For compartmental models with a constant, homogeneous population, this method can be relatively efficient in computational resources compared to simulation, and the error bounds have greater analytic justification. The methods proposed here provide an effective alternative to simulation, and since they are so radically different, the PVM and simulation constitute checks on one another. Computational studies of a stochastic Susceptible/Infective model and a highly-compartmentalized HIV/AIDS model of Bailey illustrate the methodology.
Integrated sensing and command and control system for disaster response

Emergency responders fighting blazes and flooding, law enforcement securing sites and crowds, and medical teams treating victims are typical scenarios during rapidly-evolving, catastrophic events. The larger the disaster, the more complicated becomes the situation as thousands of responders from hundreds of organizations participate in the response and relief efforts. Organizing, coordinating and commanding these efforts remains a significant technical challenge, as it requires timely collection and distribution of information under harsh environments. With guidance from operational partners in California's emergency response community, we have designed, implemented and demonstrated a prototype integrated sensing and command and control system that enables shared situational awareness and collaboration during response operations. The system architecture is based on net-centric and service-oriented paradigms, and combines sensors, communications, and visualization and collaboration technologies, with all components being linked in (near) real-time. The utility of this prototype system was evaluated through a field exercise that tested the technical performance of the system and assessed the impact of new technologies on current concept of operations. In this paper, we describe the design analysis, system architecture, core enabling technologies, and the field evaluations.
Reprint of: Sources of high-speed jet noise: analysis of LES data and modeling

Abstract Results from recent LES studies of high-speed jet flows and its near and far-field noise (Mendez et al. AIAA-2010-271) are reviewed with an emphasis on validation of the LES results. Far-field noise is predicted using data collected on a conical FW-H surface. Very good agreement with the measurement reported by Bridges & Wernet (AIAA-2008-2834) is observed. Data analysis of the flow disturbances within the jet and in the near-field is used to better characterize the sound source processes. We analyze LES data of Bodony and Lele (Phys. Fluids, vol. 46, 2005) using a filter in the wavenumber-frequency domain. The supersonic components of pressure and radial velocity fluctuation show peaks within the jet and show the U8j scaling behavior consistent with the far-field radiated noise levels. The observed scaling is also consistent with a perturbation expansion of nearly incompressible turbulent fluctuations within the jet flow. Linear global mode analysis of the non-parallel jet mean flow is performed. Features of Mach wave radiation are evident in the global modes for supersonic convection. Large transient growth is found due to convective non-normality. Some implications of this analysis for jet noise modeling are discussed.
Policy: Public support for clean energy

The political deadlock around national renewable energy mandates in the US does not reflect the public's position. Research shows that people there would support a renewable energy standard even with a cost attached.
Rich and cold: diversity, distribution and drivers of fungal communities in patterned-ground ecosystems of the North American Arctic.

Fungi are abundant and functionally important in the Arctic, yet comprehensive studies of their diversity in relation to geography and environment are not available. We sampled soils in paired plots along the North American Arctic Transect (NAAT), which spans all five bioclimatic subzones of the Arctic. Each pair of plots contrasted relatively bare, cryoturbated patterned-ground features (PGFs) and adjacent vegetated between patterned-ground features (bPGFs). Fungal communities were analysed via sequencing of 7834 ITS-LSU clones. We recorded 1834 OTUs – nearly half the fungal richness previously reported for the entire Arctic. These OTUs spanned eight phyla, 24 classes, 75 orders and 120 families, but were dominated by Ascomycota, with one-fifth belonging to lichens. Species richness did not decline with increasing latitude, although there was a decline in mycorrhizal taxa that was offset by an increase in lichen taxa. The dominant OTUs were widespread even beyond the Arctic, demonstrating no dispersal limitation. Yet fungal communities were distinct in each subzone and were correlated with soil pH, climate and vegetation. Communities in subzone E were distinct from the other subzones, but similar to those of the boreal forest. Fungal communities on disturbed PGFs differed significantly from those of paired stable areas in bPGFs. Indicator species for PGFs included lichens and saprotrophic fungi, while bPGFs were characterized by ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi. Our results suggest that the Arctic does not host a unique mycoflora, while Arctic fungi are highly sensitive to climate and vegetation, with potential to migrate rapidly as global change unfolds.
Cities in the New Millennium: Environmental Justice, the Spatialization of Race, and Combating Anti-Urbanism

The end of the twentieth century saw the collapse of a coherent urban policy in the United States and the rise of environmental racism. This paper examines the spatialization of race. Its framework is grounded in the environmental justice movement that combines the best of the 1960s War on Poverty with 1990s ecological activism to shape a new vision for Black America.
Rovibrational analysis of the ν71 intermolecular hydrogen bond bending vibration in HCN---HF using far infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy

Abstract Static gas phase far infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy has been applied to the observation of the low frequency intermolecular bending fundamental ν 7 1 in the HCN---HF hydrogen-bonded complex. Rovibrational analysis of this band is reported giving the following molecular parameters (in cm −1 ): ν 0 =73.5831(5), B 0 =0.119789(1), D J 0 =2.377(8)×10 −7 , B ν 7 1 = 0.120840 (1), D ν 7 1 , = 2.643 (4) × 10 −7 , q ν 7 1 = 4.248 (4) × 10 −4 . Complications associated with the assignment of such far infrared spectra under equilibrium gas phase conditions are discussed.
Temperature-dependent quantized double layer charging of monolayer-protected gold clusters.

This paper describes low-temperature voltammetry of purified hexanethiolate-coated monolayer-protected Au140 clusters (C6 MPCs). Lowered temperatures enhance the resolution of quantized double layer (QDL) charging peaks in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) observations. As many as 13 resolved peaks are seen in illustrative voltammetry at 263 K in CH2Cl2 solvent, and the concept of voltammetric peak capacity is introduced. For the one-electron MPC charge steps surrounding the EPZC of the MPC (small numbers of electrons added or removed from the core), the capacitance CCLU of the MPCs (measured from the voltage spacing between charging peaks) increases by ∼15% as the solvent temperature is lowered from 273 to 210 K. The experimental CCLU temperature dependency (d[ln(CCLU)]/dT ≈ −0.0025, in 0.1M electrolyte) is discussed in light of temperature dependencies of the compact and diffuse double layer capacitances. It is concluded that the observed temperature dependence is probably a mixed diffuse, compact de...
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of AKAP110, a Novel, Sperm-Specific Protein Kinase A-Anchoring Protein

Agents that increase intracellular cAMP are potent stimulators of sperm motility. Anchoring inhibitor peptides, designed to disrupt the interaction of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) with A kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs), are potent inhibitors of sperm motility. These data suggest that PKA anchoring is a key biochemical mechanism controlling motility. We now report the isolation, identification, cloning, and characterization of AKAP110, the predominant AKAP detected in sperm lysates. AKAP110 cDNA was isolated and sequenced from mouse, bovine, and human testis libraries. Using truncated mutants, the RII-binding domain was identified. Alignment of the RII-binding domain on AKAP110 to those from other AKAPs reveals that AKAPs contain eight functionally conserved positions within an amphipathic helix structure that are responsible for RII interaction. Northern analysis of eight different tissues detected AKAP110 only in the testis, and in situ hybridization analysis detected AKAP110 only in round spermatids, suggesting that AKAP110 is a protein found only in male germ cells. Sperm cells contain both RI, located primarily in the acrosomal region of the head, and RII, located exclusively in the tail, regulatory subunits of PKA. Immunocytochemical analysis detected AKAP110 in the acrosomal region of the sperm head and along the entire length of the principal piece. These data suggest that AKAP110 shares compartments with both RI and RII isoforms of PKA and may function as a regulator of both motility- and head-associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction.
Psychosocial Occupational Therapy: An Evolving Practice, 3rd Edition (2013)

This is the third edition of a text that has become a staple to psychosocial occupational therapy practice. The reader who opens this book hoping to discover best practices in occupational therapy ...
Sex-specific effect of the TP53 PIN3 polymorphism on cancer risk in a cohort study of TP53 germline mutation carriers

Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 occur in the majority of families with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, who are at an increased risk for a wide spectrum of early onset cancers. Several genetic polymorphisms in TP53 modify its effect on cancer risk. While some studies indicate that the TP53 PIN3 deletion allele (D) accelerate tumor onset in carriers with TP53 germline mutations, other studies have shown that the TP53 PIN3 insertion allele (I) confers a significantly higher risk of developing cancer than D allele. To further determine the effects of the TP53 PIN3 polymorphism on cancer development among TP53 germline mutations and to evaluate if those are differenence between male and female carriers, we studied a total of 152 germline mutation carriers with available DNA samples that can be used for genotyping. Our results indicate that the TP53 PIN3 polymorphism has a sex-specific effect on the risk of cancer in TP53 mutation carriers, conferring cancer risk in men (P = 0.0041) but not women with DI or II genotypes.
Capital, the State and Democratization: The Case of Turkish Industry

There has been debate on the nature of the link between capitalist development and democracy on the one hand, and on the primacy of economic and political factors in determining the relationship on the other. Part of the discussion revolves around capital, which has championed democracy in some instances and has been a conservative force in others. This article examines large Turkish business and the reasons that have compelled it to push for significant democratization at the risk of breaking away from the political elite. In-depth interviews reveal that the evolution of the private sector and internationalization of the economy have created a set of opportunities making democracy particularly appealing to large entrepreneurs. However, the Turkish case also indicates that it is a combination of these factors with the state’s lack of responsiveness to the needs of capital that made democracy particularly salient.
A 20 GS/s 5-Bit SiGe BiCMOS Dual-Nyquist Flash ADC With Sampling Capability up to 35 GS/s Featuring Offset Corrected Exclusive-Or Comparators

The design and wafer probe test results of a 5-bit SiGe flash ADC are presented. The integrated circuit, fabricated in a 200/250 GHz fT/Fmax, SiGe BiCMOS technology, provides a 5-bit analog to digital conversion with dual Nyquist operation at sample frequencies up to 20 GHz. Sampling clock rates are demonstrated as high as 35 GS/s. The ADC makes use of a comparator with an integrated exclusive-or function to reduce power consumption. The device also generates two half-rate interleaved outputs to ease data capture with laboratory equipment. An effective number of bits (ENOB) of nearly 5.0 is achieved for low-frequency input tones, dropping to 4.0 at 10 GHz.
Statistically based postprocessing of phylogenetic analysis by clustering

Motivation: Phylogenetic analyses often produce thousands of candidate trees. Biologists resolve the conflict by computing the consensus of these trees. Single-tree consensus as postprocessing methods can be unsatisfactory due to their inherent limitations. Results: In this paper we present an alternative approach by using clustering algorithms on the set of candidate trees. We propose bicriterion problems, in particular using the concept of information loss, and new consensus trees called characteristic trees that minimize the information loss. Our empirical study using four biological datasets shows that our approach provides a significant improvement in the information content, while adding only a small amount of complexity. Furthermore, the consensus trees we obtain for each of our large clusters are more resolved than the single-tree consensus trees. We also provide some initial progress on theoretical questions that arise in this context. Availability: Software available upon request from the authors. The agglomerative clustering is implemented using Matlab (MathWorks, 2000) with the Statistics Toolbox. The Robinson-Foulds distance matrices and the strict consensus trees are computed using PAUP (Swofford, 2001) and the Daniel Huson’s tree library on Intel Pentium workstations running Debian Linux.
Graphical Methods for Problems Involving Radio-Frequency Transmission Lines

When designing arrangements embodying radio-frequency transmission lines it is in most cases permissible to neglect resistance and leakage conductance of the line. The analysis, therefore, becomes considerably simplified as compared with the exact treatment. Using the above assumption, in this paper graphical methods are given for the determination of currents, voltages, and impedances along a transmission line. A simplified elliptical diagram is developed for finding current or voltage distribution. The application of circle diagrams is explained, by means of which the line input impedance may be obtained under various conditions.
Human lipocalin-1 association with 3H-testosterone and 3H-estradiol.

Purpose: Topical androgens and estrogens have been studied for use in treating ocular conditions such as dry eye. The aim of this study was to identify proteins from normal human tears that associated with exogenously added sex steroid hormones. One of the major proteins in ocular tears is lipocalin-1. It binds a variety of lipids and other hydrophobic molecules and is proposed to function as a carrier protein or a lipid scavenger.Methods: Normal human tears were incubated with 3H-testosterone or 3H-estradiol. Labeled tear proteins were separated on a Q Sepharose Fast Flow (QFF) Hi Trap strong anion exchange column with a step gradient of NaCl. 3H-testosterone or 3H-estradiol was measured in aliquots of eluted fractions using scintillation counts, and the remainder of each sample was gel electrophoresed and silver stained. In separate experiments, 3H-steroid-labeled tear proteins were electrophoresed in 15% polyacrylamide gels and excised from the gels. Tritium content of the proteins was measured in a sc...
Probabilistic Advancing Cross-Diagnosis for Bridge Structures by Using Coherent Laser Radar

Global diagnosis for bridges involves identifying the existence of deterioration or damage, as well as its location or vicinity. This research project develops a new technique for global diagnosis—the probabilistic advancing cross-diagnosis (PAC) method—by using a recently developed coherent laser radar system (CLRS). The PAC method takes advantage of CLRS's efficient deformation-data acquisition by scanning a large area and then processing the data to perform probability-based cross-diagnosis. This method was applied in the structures lab at Wayne State University to a model structure, with the cooperation of FHWA's Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. Several damage scenarios were simulated by increasing and reducing stiffness of the test beam in the model structure. Results show that the proposed PAC method is promising and should be tested in the field.
Lutzomyia adiketis sp. n. (Diptera: Phlebotomidae), a vector of Paleoleishmania neotropicum sp. n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Dominican amber

Background Amber fossils can be used to trace the history of disease-vector associations because microorganisms are preserved "in situ" inside the alimentary tract and body cavity of blood-sucking insects.
Optimizing Correlation Algorithms for Hardware-Based Transient Classification

The perfonnance of dedicated VLSI neural processing hardware depends critically on the design of the implemented algorithms. We have previously proposed an algorithm for acoustic transient classification [1]. Having implemented and demonstrated this algorithm in a mixed-mode architecture, we now investigate variants on the algorithm, using time and frequency channel differencing, input and output nonnalization, and schemes to binarize and train the template values, with the goal of achieving optimal classification perfonnance for the chosen hardware.
Variation in genomic methylation in natural populations of Populus simonii is associated with leaf shape and photosynthetic traits

DNA methylation, one of the best-studied types of chromatin modification, suppresses the expression of transposable elements, pseudogenes, repetitive sequences, and individual genes. However, the extent and variation of genome-wide DNA methylation in natural populations of plants remain relatively unknown. To investigate variation in DNA methylation and whether this variation associates with important plant traits, including leaf shape and photosynthesis, 20 413 DNA methylation sites were examined in a poplar association population (505 individuals) using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) technology. Calculation of epi-population structure and kinships assigned individuals into subsets (K=3), revealing that the natural population of P. simonii consists of three subpopulations. Population epigenetic distance and geographic distance showed a significant correlation (r=0.4688, P<0.001), suggesting that environmental factors may affect epigenetics. Single-marker approaches were also used to identify significant marker-trait associations, which found 1087 high-confidence DNA methylation markers associated with different phenotypic traits explaining ~5-15% of the phenotypic variance. Among these loci, 147 differentially methylated fragments were obtained by sequencing, representing 130 candidate genes. Expression analysis of six candidate genes indicated that these genes might play important roles in leaf development and regulation of photosynthesis. This study provides association analysis to study the effects of DNA methylation on plant development and these data indicate that epigenetics bridges environmental and genetic factors in affecting plant growth and development.
Four dimensions of significance: Tradition, method, theory, originality

In this article, I reflect on four dimensions of assessing the significance of research in the computers and composition field: tradition, method, theory, and originality. Considering these four key concepts as topoi will help our community define, explain, and predict how future research will significantly contribute to teaching wisely and to writing well with technology. © 2003 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Statically-directed dynamic automated test generation

We present a new technique for exploiting static analysis to guide dynamic automated test generation for binary programs, prioritizing the paths to be explored. Our technique is a three-stage process, which alternates dynamic and static analysis. In the first stage, we run dynamic analysis with a small number of seed tests to resolve indirect jumps in the binary code and build a visibly pushdown automaton (VPA) reflecting the global control-flow of the program. Further, we augment the computed VPA with statically computable jumps not executed by the seed tests. In the second stage, we apply static analysis to the inferred automaton to find potential vulnerabilities, i.e., targets for the dynamic analysis. In the third stage, we use the results of the prior phases to assign weights to VPA edges. Our symbolic-execution based automated test generation tool then uses the weighted shortest-path lengths in the VPA to direct its exploration to the target potential vulnerabilities. Preliminary experiments on a suite of benchmarks extracted from real applications show that static analysis allows exploration to reach vulnerabilities it otherwise would not, and the generated test inputs prove that the static warnings indicate true positives.
A Communication Architecture for Mobile Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks

In wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs), the collaborative operation of sensors enables the distributed sensing of a physical phenomenon, while actors collect and process sensor data and perform appropriate actions. In this paper, the coordination and communication problems in WSANs with mobile actors are studied. A hybrid location management scheme is introduced to handle the mobility of actors with minimal energy expenditure. Actors broadcast location updates limiting their scope based on Voronoi diagrams, whereas sensors predict the movement of actors based on Kalman filtering of previously received updates. An optimal energy-aware forwarding rule is then derived for sensor-actor communication, based on geographical routing. The proposed scheme allows controlling the delay of the data-delivery process based on power control, and deals with network congestion by forcing multiple actors to be recipients for traffic generated in the event area. The motion of actors is coordinated to optimally accomplish the tasks based on the characteristics of the events
A novel toroidal inductor structure with through-hole vias in ground plane

This paper presents a new toroidal inductor topology that can be realized in microstrip or stripline configuration. The toroidal structure comprises two sets of mutually isolated multiple-coupled lines that are connected by vias through a ground plane. This geometry facilitates a simple equivalent-circuit model for accurate analysis or synthesis of the component. A comparison between the new toroidal structure and the conventional spiral inductor topology shows good improvement in quality factor and a footprint reduction over 300%. The toroidal designs are validated by full-wave electromagnetic simulation, as well as by measurement for a two-turn toroidal inductor in microstrip configuration.
Physician Barriers to Incorporating Pharmacogenetic Treatment Strategies for Nicotine Dependence Into Clinical Practice

Advances in genomics research may improve health outcomes by tailoring treatment according to patients' genetic profiles. The treatment of nicotine dependence, in particular, may soon encompass pharmacogenetic treatment models. Realizing the benefits of such treatment strategies may depend on physicians' preparedness to incorporate genetic testing into clinical practice. This article describes barriers to clinical integration of pharmacogenetic treatments that will need to be addressed to realize the benefits of individualized smoking-cessation treatment.