cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reading in a Second Language: Further topics and issues in reading

Reading is a neuronally and intellectually circuitous act, enriched as much by the unpredictable indirections of a reader's inferences and thoughts as by the direct message to the eye from the text. This unique aspect of reading has begun to trouble me as I consider the Google universe of my children. Will the constructive component at the heart of reading begin to change and potentially atrophy as we shift to computer-presented text, in which massive amounts of information appear instantaneously? (Wolf, 2007: 16) In this last chapter, I raise a number of the topics that were not explored intensively in this book. A first set of topics are important for discussions of L2 reading but do not fit easily within the scheme of the current book. These topics include reading and writing relationships, teacher training for more effective reading instruction, early L1 and L2 reading development, and L2 basic adult literacy instruction. A second set of topics involve areas of specialization that extend beyond the area of L2 reading and that require specific types of expertise to develop into full chapters in a book on L2 reading. These topics include reading and neurological research, reading and technology, reading and TV viewing, and reading disabilities. In a very different type of book, all of these topics might have had their own chapters. In the third section, I address the role of research in supporting reading instruction and the impact of educational and governmental policies on reading instruction. It is obvious that research is needed to examine many instructional practices, their effectiveness under different circumstances and with different groups of students, and their integration within curricular frameworks.
Drosophila yakuba mayottensis, a new model for the study of incipient ecological speciation

A full understanding of how ecological factors drive the fixation of genetic changes during speciation is obscured by the lack of appropriate models with clear natural history and powerful genetic toolkits. In a recent study, we described an early stage of ecological speciation in a population of the generalist species Drosophila yakuba (melanogaster subgroup) on the island of Mayotte (Indian Ocean). On this island, flies are strongly associated with the toxic fruits of noni (Morinda citrifolia) and show a partial degree of pre-zygotic reproductive isolation. Here, I mine the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and provide a full morphological description of this population. Only 29 nuclear sites (< 4 × 10-7 of the genome) are fixed in this population and absent from 3 mainland populations and the closest relative D. santomea, but no mitochondrial or morphological character distinguish Mayotte flies from the mainland. This result indicates that physiological and behavioral traits may evolve faster than morphology at the early stages of speciation. Based on these differences, the Mayotte population is designated as a new subspecies, Drosophila yakuba mayottensis subsp. nov., and its strong potential in understanding the genetics of speciation and plant-insect interactions is discussed.
Coxsackie Myocarditis and Hepatitis with Reactivated Epstein-Bar Virus (EBV): A Case Report

BACKGROUND Myocarditis, defined as inflammation of myocardial tissue of the heart, is an uncommon cardiac presentation and is due to a variety of causes. It affects 1% of the US population, 50% of which is caused by coxsackie B virus. Cardiac tissue is the prime target, and destruction of myocardium results in cardiac failure with fluid overload. CASE REPORT Our patient was a 57-year-old woman with fever, headache, neck pain, and generalized malaise. Her white blood cell count was 13×10³ cells/mm³. Interestingly, lumbar puncture ruled out meningitis. An echocardiogram to evaluate elevated troponin revealed an ejection fraction of 30% with severe left ventricular global hypokinesis without valvular vegetations consistent with new-onset systolic heart failure. Cardiac MRI showed a small pericardial effusion with bilateral pleural effusion. As she continued to be febrile, a viral panel was ordered, revealing coxsackie B4 antibody titer of 1: 640 (reference: >1: 32 indicates recent infection) with positive Epstein-Barr virus deoxyribonucleic acid by PCR, consistent with viral myocarditis. CONCLUSIONS Coxsackie B virus myocarditis is rarely recognized and reported by the general internist in clinical practice, so we would like present our experience with an interesting clinical presentation of the viral prodrome. An estimated 95% people in the US are infected with Epstein-Barr virus by adulthood, but it remains dormant in memory B lymphocytes. Recirculation of these B cells in lymphoid tissue stimulated by antigens, which in our case is coxsackie B virus; they differentiate into plasma cells, and the production of Z Epstein-Barr replication activator protein (ZEBRA) increases viral replication, thus explaining the positive EBV DNA measured by PCR.
Die quantitative Bestimmung des DNS-Gehalts in den Zellen von Cyanophyceen durch Fluorochromierung mit Coriphosphin11.Herrn Professor Dr. Horst Drawert zu seinem 60. Geburtstag gewidmet

Summary The DNA content of cyanophyceae cells was determined by measuring the intensity of fluorescence in nuclear equivalent, stained by the fluorochrome coriphosphin. In the „interphase stage‟ cells of the Cyanophyceae under investigation (Microcystis marginata, Anabaena baltica, Oscillatoria chlorina, and Calothrix braunii) contain a constant amount of DNA, respectively. Prior to the division of nucleoids the content of DNA is doubled, and during nucleoid division the previously increased amount of DN A is exactly reduced to half its height. In comparison with vegetative cells, resting cells (akinetes) of Anabaena baltica contain a multiple of DNA, most probably they are „polyploid‟. As the quality of fluorescence in heterocysts differs from that in vegetative cells, a quantitative comparison is not allowed here.
Network-coded file distribution in an ad hoc relay network

We investigate the application of network coding to file transfers from a single source to multiple destinations in a two-hop ad hoc relay network that consists of half-duplex packet radios. Our network-coded file distribution techniques make simultaneous use of a pair of relay nodes. All transmissions by the source and the relay nodes employ packet-by-packet adaptive modulation and channel coding to combat the effects of fading. Two types of network coding are examined and compared, fountain coding and random linear network coding.
Sensing behavioral symptoms of mental health and delivering personalized interventions using mobile technologies

Unlike most other health conditions, the treatment of mental illness relies on subjective measurement. In addition, the criteria for diagnosing mental illnesses are based on broad categories of symptoms that do not account for individual deviations from these criteria. The increasing availability of personal digital devices, such as smartphones that are equipped with sensors, offers a new opportunity to continuously and passively measure human behavior in situ. This promises to lead to more precise assessment of human behavior and ultimately individual mental health. More refined modeling of individual mental health and a consideration of individual context, assessed through continuous monitoring, opens the way for more precise and personalized digital interventions that may help increase the number of positive clinical outcomes in mental healthcare. In this paper, we provide a conceptual review of such techniques for measuring, modeling, and treating mental illness and maintaining mental health.
The 12C/13C Ratio in Sgr B2(N): Constraints for Galactic Chemical Evolution and Isotopic Chemistry

NSF [AST-1515568, AST-1140030]; NSF University Radio Observatories (URO) program [AST-1140030]; NASA [NNX15AD94G]
From ‘Fructification’ to ‘Insemination’: Nomenclature and the Practice of Artificial Insemination

From the first reports of its use, artificial insemination has generated complex debates about gender, sexuality, and race. Since the nineteenth century, gynaecologists, biologists, natural philosophers, and social commentators have struggled to understand both the anatomical structure and biological processes of (un)reproductive bodies and what ‘artificially’ assisting conception (‘fructification’) means for families. By tracing the evolution of nomenclature about the procedure in the United Kingdom, France, and the USA, this chapter argues that for more than two centuries, ‘artificial insemination’ has been relentlessly embroiled in questions about the biological and social basis of gender, integrally bound to the movement of knowledge between scientific and lay audiences, a battleground for power between reproductive specialists, and a key site for debates about heredity and the importance of marriage to society.
Laboratory observations on conspecific and congeneric scent trailing in garter snakes (Thamnophis)

Newborn, infant, and adult garter snakes followed trails left by conspecifics and individuals of closely related species in a Y maze. Snakes significantly preferred the side of a maze previously occupied by a large number of other snakes. When large numbers of snakes had not previously “conditioned” one side, snakes predictably followed the immediately preceding snakes. Trailing appeared to be elicited by chemical cues deposited by previous snakes.
The Epidemiology of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS): How Good Was a Study of 30-Years Ago

In 1987, Held, Hanno, Wein, Pauly, and Cahn (hereafter Held-Hanno) conducted an epidemiologic study of Interstitial Cystitis (IC) a rare project at the time. (Later published in 1990). The study was to a great extent a response to the relevant clinical experiences of Dr. Hanno, a University of Pennsylvania urologist who had had many interactions with Dr. Vicki Ratner, an orthopedic surgeon and IC patient, who had experienced a life changing prolonged terrible experience with this chronic disease. Consequently Dr. Ratner had become politically and media active, which lead to a brief, 3-h Sunday afternoon workshop at the suggestion of the NIH. This gathering financed and lead by Dr. Alan Wein, chair of Urology at Penn, brought in an economist, Dr. Held, who had a propensity to see the research world through empirical data collection and analysis where his focus had been on end stage renal disease. Some time prior to this meeting, the NIH had requested eight noted urologists to write a short memo answering the question: what do you know about IC? Held’s response on reading these memos was: these distinguished urologists do not agree on anything and besides no one has any data. That was the birth of this $35,000 study (Held-Hanno) funded by two small grants from the Urban Institute and NIDDK of the NIH. This chapter shows that Held-Hanno estimates were validated by most all subsequent studies.
Comparative performance analysis of a grid connected PV system for hydrogen production using PEM water, methanol and hybrid sulfur electrolysis

Abstract This paper presents comparative performance analysis of photovoltaic (PV) hydrogen production using water, methanol and hybrid sulfur (SO2) electrolysis processes. Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers are powered by grid connected PV system. In this system design, electrical grid is considered as a virtual energy storage system (VESS) where the surplus of PV production can be injected and subsequently taken to support the electrolyser. Methanol (ME) and hybrid sulfur (HSE) electrolysis are compared to the conventional water electrolysis (WE) in term of operating cell voltage. Based on the experimental results reported in the literature, semi-empirical models describing the relationship between the hydrogen production rate and the electrolyser cell power input are proposed. Furthermore, power and hydrogen management strategy (PHMS) is developed. Case study is carried out to show the impact of each type of electrolysis on the system component sizes and evaluate the hydrogen production potentialities. Results show that the use of ME allows to produce 65% more hydrogen than with using WE. Moreover, the amount of hydrogen produced is almost double in the case of HSE. At Algiers city, based on a grid connected PV/Electrolyser system, it is possible to produce about 25 g/m2 d and 29 g/m2 d of hydrogen, respectively, through ME and HSE compared to 15 g/m2 d of hydrogen when using WE.
Ability of Hypnosis to Facilitate Movement Through Stages of Change for Smoking Cessation.

AbstractOn the basis of the transtheoretical model of change, we hypothesized that hypnosis would facilitate significantly greater movement through the stages of change toward smoking cessation in contrast to psychoeducation. Thirty participants were pretested for hypnotizability using the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale (EHS). Participants’ readiness for change was assessed using the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment scale (URICA). The EHS relaxation induction was used to induce hypnosis. Hypnotic suggestions addressed motivation and ambivalence. The URICA was administered following the intervention and at a 10-day follow-up. Two-factor split-plot ANOVAs showed significant changes within groups on the contemplation subscale (p = .002), action subscale (p = .00007), and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (p = .003).
The Vertebral Body Infarct Sign: A Case of Thoracic Spinal Cord Ischemic Stroke (P3.292)

Objective: To raise awareness regarding the vertebral body infarct sign, which indicates an associated spinal cord infarct that might not be evident on imaging. Background: Spinal cord ischemic infarcts are relatively rare and diagnostic studies are often inconclusive. An acute pathological process involving both the spinal cord and the spinal column is likely vascular in etiology. This process has been rarely described in the literature and should be reported to increase awareness to allow for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Design/Methods: A 67 year-old female with a history of tobacco smoking presented with acute onset weakness and numbness in both her legs, urinary retention and accompanying mid thoracic back pain. She initially presented to an outside hospital for evaluation and was diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. Initial MRI brain and total spine on the day of presentation revealed no explanation for her symptoms. CSF studies were likewise unremarkable. She was treated for possible transverse myelitis with 5 days of high dose steroids despite unrevealing diagnostics. Results: She was transferred to our hospital where a repeat MRI of her spine 7 days after symptom onset revealed a wedge shaped T2 hyperintensity in the posterior cord between T2 and T3 levels as well as hemi-vertebral body T2 hyperintensity at those levels. This sign of ischemic infarct in the vascular territory of the left third posterior intercostal artery has been confirmed in the literature by a few case reports to be associated with posterior cord ischemic infarct. Conclusions: While the vertebral body infarct sign is often recognized by neuro-radiologists, it is still relatively unknown to practicing neurologists. Early recognition of spinal cord infarct allows for timely evaluation for precipitating factors and initiation of secondary preventative therapies to decrease risk of further vascular events. Disclosure: Dr. Chan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Farooque has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nowak has nothing to disclose.
Public health implications

I am pleased to be wearing my public health hat. Sometimes I wear my clinician’s hat, and the two overlap quite a bit. Those of us who see ourselves as public health practitioners believe that we have a responsibility for developing and delivering smoking intervention treatments and policies which decrease risk for as many people as possible. That is the bottom line when we consider public health approaches. Earlier we heard that a major problem is lack of success in smoking cessation for the poorer, less educated smokers in our country; and that is the issue on which I shall focus most of my comments. Attention to public health requires that we attend to those individuals who are most in need of assistance for making changes and are most able to benefit from our efforts. From a public health perspective, I believe that we do not necessarily lack appropriate and adequate interventions. There are in fact interventions which are effective for all groups of smokers when delivered as intended. The problems in the public health arena are lack of adequate ways of delivering inter-ventions which are appropriate and acceptable to the providers and consumers who need them, and lack of adequate access to treatment. The latter includes lack of adequate methods of delivery. Improved methods of delivery improve access. An optimal public health approach could improve delivery of services and access for all consumers. This approach includes five components: the first component, education for the smokers and providers about smoking treatment, is the most important aspect of public health. Education must be delivered in a form or mode which is acceptable to the target population. For example, for a low income adolescent inner city population, it is important for education and other interventions to be delivered in places where inner …
Structural optimization using optimality criteria

First, the historical background leading to the optimality criteria approach is discussed pointing out the role of the traditional design methods on one hand, and Prager’s work based on variational principles on the other hand as the two motivating influences. This is followed by the formal development of the method utilizing the separability properties of discretized structures or models. The importance of the single constraint case is pointed out and the associated particularly simple yet powerful optimality criteria is presented followed by extension to multiple constraints. Examples are used to illustrate the approach for displacement, stress and eigenvalue related constraints.
Software Tools for Modeling Biomedical Systems

Biomedical applications of computer modeling and simulation are manifold and range from virtual reality for training purposes to codification of knowledge of complex physiological systems to formulation and testing of hypotheses about biological phenomena. While development of complex simulation tools and comprehensive modeling requires considerable effort, the use of simple models can, even with minor investments, be useful to experimenters to organize ideas, analyze data efficiently, and plan experiments. Even for this restricted modeling framework, the variety of possible applications with different needs and the number of available software tools are very large. This chapter will therefore draw attention only to a few methodological issues and available software tools specific to biomedical modeling, in particular, model representation paradigms and statistical identification approaches. The intent is not to endorse the use of any particular modeling approach or software tool, but rather to delineate, with a few reference points, a broader modeling perspective that may be tailored to the needs of particular modeling studies on biomedical systems.
Radiation Risk of Mammography

No woman has ever been shown to have developed breast cancer as a result of mammography, not eveeen from mulriple studies received over many years with doses higher than the current average dose to the current average dose to the glandular tissues of the breast of approximately 2.5mGy (250 mrad) (McLelland et al. 1991). However, the possibility to such risk has been raised because of excess breast cancers observed among populations exposed to much higher doses of 1–20 Gy (100–2000rad.). These mainly include Japanese A-bomb surviors (Katoand Schull 1982; McGregor et al. 1977; Preston et al. 1987; Preston and Pierce 1988; Shimizu et al. 1988, 1989; Tokunaga et al. 1979, 1984, 1987), North American tuberculosis sanatoria patients from Masschusetts (Boice et al. 1979; Hrubec et al. 1989) and Canada who underwent multiple chest fluoroscopies (Howe et al. 1982; Howe 1984; Hiller et al. 1989), women from New York State (Mettler et al. 1969; Shore et al. 1977, 1986) and Sweden (Baral et al. 1977; Mattson et al. 1993) treated with radiation therapy for benign breast conditions such as postpartum mastitis, infants treated in New York State for thymic enlargement with radiation therapy (Hildreth et al. 1989), and women who had been treated in California with radiation therapy for Hodgkin’s disease (Hancock et al. 1993). This chapter will estimate the hypothetical risk from mammography based on the latest radiation risk estimates provided by the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR V Committee 1990) and compare such risk to the projected benefits from screening.
Introduction: Background for Ordinary Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems

The purpose of this first chapter is to review and develop the necessary concepts from the theory of ordinary differential equations and dynamical systems which we will need for the remainder of the book. We will begin with some results from classical ordinary differential equations theory such as existence and uniqueness of solutions, dependence of solutions on initial conditions and parameters, and various concepts of stability. We will then discuss more modern ideas such as genericity, structural stability, bifurcations, and Poincare maps. Standard references for the theory of ordinary differential equations are Coddington and Levinson [1955], Hale [1980], and Hartman [1964]. We will take a more global, geometric point of view of the theory; some references which share this viewpoint are Arnold [1973], Guckenheimer and Holmes [1983], Hirsch and Smale [1974], and Palis and deMelo [1982].
Waste Characterization and Monitoring Methodology in the United States

In 1976, as a consequence of the discovery of several instances of serious ground water contamination from industrial chemical waste, the Congress of the United States enacted the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). This law expanded the environmental pollution prevention and control authority to include solids, liquids, sludges, and other wastes. The RCRA established a two-part system for waste management—Subtitle C addresses hazardous waste, and Subtitle D addresses solid wastes not designated as hazardous (e.g., municipal wastes). Prior to the enactment of RCRA, the management of these wastes was not subject to Federal regulatory control.
Investigating the impact of aromatic ring substitutions on selectivity for a multimodal anion exchange prototype library.

Abstract The increasing prevalence of low pI non-mAb therapeutics as well as current challenges in mAb-aggregate separations and low recoveries motivate further development in the multimodal anion exchange (MM AEX) space. In this work, linear salt gradient experiments at pH 7 were used to evaluate the retention of model proteins (with pI from 3.4 to 6.8) in 17 novel MM AEX prototype systems. The ligands were organized into three series. Series 1 extended previous work in multimodal ligand design and included a hydroxyl variant and linker length variants. Series 2 and 3 investigated the nature of hydrophobicity in MM AEX systems by adding hydrophobic (series 2) or fluorine (series 3) substituents to a solvent exposed phenyl ring. Compared to the commercial resin Capto Adhere, the series 1 and 3 ligands exhibited weaker binding, while some of the series 2 aliphatic prototypes showed dramatically increased retention and unique selectivities. Within series 1, the model proteins eluted earlier in the gradient as the charge-hydrophobic group distance on the ligand was increased from 4.9 A to 8.5 A. For the aliphatic variants in series 2, proteins that eluted early in the salt gradient were not affected by the increase in ligand hydrophobicity, while the later eluting proteins bound stronger as the length of the aliphatic substituent increased. The series 3 variants indicated that phenyl ring fluorination created subtle changes in protein elution in these MM AEX systems. Retention data from the three series was used to generate a partial least squares QSAR model based on both protein and ligand descriptors which accurately predicted protein retention with a training R 2 of 0.81 and a test R 2 of 0.76. The retention characteristics of some prototypes such as the earlier elution and unique selectivities compared to Capto Adhere suggest that they could potentially provide unique selectivities and increased recovery for the downstream processing of both mAb and non-mAb biotherapeutics.
"It still affects our economic situation": long-term economic burden of breast cancer and lymphedema

Financial toxicity after breast cancer may be exacerbated by adverse treatment effects, like breast cancer-related lymphedema. As the first study of long-term out-of-pocket costs for breast cancer survivors in the USA with lymphedema, this mixed methods study compares out-of-pocket costs for breast cancer survivors with and without lymphedema. In 2015, 129 breast cancer survivors from Pennsylvania and New Jersey completed surveys on demographics, economically burdensome events since cancer diagnosis, cancer treatment factors, insurance, and comorbidities; and prospective monthly out-of-pocket cost diaries over 12 months. Forty participants completed in-person semi-structured interviews. GLM regression predicted annual dollar amount estimates. 46.5% of participants had lymphedema. Mean age was 63 years (SD = 8). Average time since cancer diagnosis was 12 years (SD = 5). Over 98% had insurance. Annual adjusted health-related out-of-pocket costs excluding productivity losses totaled $2306 compared to $1090 (p = 0.006) for those without lymphedema, or including productivity losses, $3325 compared to $2792 (p = 0.55). Interviews suggested that the cascading nature of economic burden on long-term savings and work opportunities, and insufficiency of insurance to cover lymphedema-related needs drove cost differences. Higher costs delayed retirement, reduced employment, and increased inability to access lymphedema care. Long-term cancer survivors with lymphedema may face up to 112% higher out-of-pocket costs than those without lymphedema, which influences lymphedema management, and has lasting impact on savings and productivity. Findings reinforce the need for actions at policy, provider, and individual patient levels, to reduce lymphedema costs. Future work should explore patient-driven recommendations to reduce economic burden after cancer.
Pneumococcal Bacteremia and Meningitis

Pneumococcal Bacteremia and Meningitis A 64-year-old man with asplenia presented with confusion, fever, and headache. Gram’s stain of the blood and CSF revealed abundant gram-positive cocci in pairs and chains.
Unconventional Editorial Conventions

As the editors-in-chief of The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems during 2002-2006, Dorothy Leidner and Wynne Chin share their approach for managing the publication. This article explains how Leidner and Chin were creative as they shepherded and supported interesting research that needed a nontraditional outlet.
Keep out of reach of children-the case for increasing the legal age for tobacco purchase to 21.

Increasing the legal age for tobacco purchase should be combined with other measures to reduce smoking rates in young people
Attractors and Determining Functionals for A Flutter Model: Finite Dimensionality Out of Thin Air

We establish the effective {\em finite dimensionality} of the dynamics corresponding to a flow-plate interaction PDE model arising in aeroelasticity: a nonlinear panel, in the absence of rotational inertia, immersed in an inviscid potential flow. An intrinsic component of the analysis is the study of a plate equation with a {\it delay} term---a fundamentally non-gradient dynamics. First, we construct a compact global attractor and observe that the attractor is smooth, with finite fractal dimension in the state space. Secondly, by fattening the attractor, we obtain an exponential attractor, though with finite dimension only in an extended space. Lastly, we show that a finite set of {\em determining functionals} exists by considering the {\em completeness defect} for some practical functionals on $H_0^2(\Omega)$ (e.g., nodes, modes, and averages). The primary tool here is the recent quasi-stability theory of Chueshov and Lasiecka. All of the main results require {\em no imposed structural damping}, as dissipative effects are contributed by the flow through the coupling. In the final section, we discuss additional results and conjectures when imposed structural damping is present.
Targeted therapy paves the way for the cure of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), primarily due to the development of targeted therapies, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase, monoclonal antibodies targeting cell surface antigens (CD19, CD20 and CD22), bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T- cell therapy. A number of new therapies have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past 5 years, including blinatumomab in 2014, inotuzumab ozagamicin in 2017 and tisagenlecleucel in 2017 for relapsed/refractory ALL. This has led to tremendous improvement in long-term survival, of more than 50% in patients with precursor B-ALL [50-70% in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive ALL)], 50-60% in T-ALL and 80% in mature B-ALL. Research is ongoing to optimize the benefit of targeted therapeutics with the goal of decreasing the use of cytotoxic therapies.
Visual Pathway Degeneration in Chemotherapy-Related Neurotoxicity: A Review and Directions for Future Research.

Chemotherapy-related neurotoxicity (CRNT) is an emerging public health concern. Visual pathway degeneration may be a symptom of CRNT. We surveyed the current literature for evidence of visual pathw...
Indústrias criativas no segmento da moda: distribuição dos vínculos por sexo e escolaridade na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre em 2008 e 2017

A moda e um dos maiores segmentos produtivos das industrias criativas. Ela representa um vasto campo de producao e emprego, com ocupacoes mais ou menos intensivas em capital. As atividades sao desempenhadas por ambos os sexos, mas em proporcoes muito diferentes. A Regiao Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RMPA) tem em sua extensao 34 municipios com caracteristicas distintas quanto a composicao de atividades que compoem este segmento criativo. A presenca feminina e motivo de discussao, pois ha disparidades, quanto ao numero e a sua formacao, escolaridade. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e fazer algumas consideracoes iniciais sobre a presenca da mulher nas diferentes atividades que compoem a moda na RMPA em dois anos, 2008 e 2017. Metodologicamente o trabalho e uma pesquisa descritiva, com o uso de referencias, que discutem a tematica, bem como, os dados do Ministerio da Economia, RAIS. Entre outros, percebe-se que as mulheres representam mais de 50% do numero de trabalhadoras deste segmento e, ainda sao menos escolarizadas que os homens que executam as mesmas atividades.
Abstractive and mixed summarization for long-single documents.

The lack of diversity in the datasets available for automatic summarization of documents has meant that the vast majority of neural models for automatic summarization have been trained with news articles. These datasets are relatively small, with an average size of about 600 words, and the models trained with such data sets see their performance limited to short documents. In order to surmount this problem, this paper uses scientific papers as the dataset on which different models are trained. These models have been chosen based on their performance on the CNN/Daily Mail data set, so that the highest ranked model of each architectural variant is selected. In this work, six different models are compared, two with an RNN architecture, one with a CNN architecture, two with a Transformer architecture and one with a Transformer architecture combined with reinforcement learning. The results from this work show that those models that use a hierarchical encoder to model the structure of the document has a better performance than the rest.
Prediction of Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction at Low Overpotential on a Mo-Doped g-GaN Monolayer

Identifying efficient electrocatalysts with low overpotential and high selectivity for producing ammonia from nitrogen gas is essential for any future electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (...
Collectivism and Individualism: Cultural and Psychological Concerns

Collectivism is a cultural pattern found in most traditional societies, especially in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. It contrasts with individualism, which is a cultural pattern found mostly in Western Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand. The dimension of collectivism–individualism is also a psychological one that has been examined as a personal and social value. This article describes some of the characteristics of this cultural pattern, its geographic and demographic distribution, and its antecedents and consequences. It also describes collectivism as a psychological phenomenon. It ends with an examination of the implications of globalization and economic development for changes in this cultural pattern, which may involve a weakening of some of its aspects. Especially important are the implications of these changes for well-being and social control. An evaluation of this cultural pattern depends on the criteria that one wishes to maximize.
Kinestatic charge detection

A new technique for detecting ionizing radiation in two dimensions, called "kinestatic charge detection," is proposed and analyzed. This technique is useful when the signal photons must be integrated, as in computed tomography and digital radiography, rather than counted, as in nuclear medicine imaging. A generic treatment of the technique with gas-, liquid-, or solid-state radiation detectors is presented. A theoretical analysis is given of the fundamental physical parameters required for kinestatic charge detection to be successful.
Scheduling Queues with Customer Transfers

We consider a multiclass single-server system wherein customers of each class form their own queue and can either abandon the system or transfer to other queues while waiting. A system manager makes dynamic scheduling decisions to minimize system-wide waiting cost. We solve the stochastic control problem under both infinite-horizon discounted and average cost criteria. By studying a Brownian control problem that arises in the conventional heavy traffic regime, we identify (under each cost criterion) an asymptotically optimal policy that prioritizes across different classes according to a workload-dependent dynamic index rule. The proposed policies acknowledge the impact of customer transfers on the optimal allocation of service resources and generate rich managerial insights. One of the technical difficulties in the proof of the asymptotic optimality result is to identify a natural stability condition and formally show that the sequence of diffusion-scaled processes is uniformly stable under that condition.
Management of Behçet syndrome.

Purpose of reviewNew treatment options have been studied over the last several years, with a recent approval, a first for Behcet syndrome, in the United States. New management guidelines have also been published, helping with this nowadays more commonly recognized condition's management. The goal of
Amphiphilicity-adaptable graphene quantum dots to stabilize pH-responsive pickering emulsions at a very low concentration

Abstract Hypothesis: Stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions have attracted considerable interest due to their widespread potential applications. Especially pH-responsive behavior could be easily implemented. In this work, we reported a pH-responsive Pickering emulsion based on amphiphilic graphene quantum dots at a low concentration which shows a great potential from the environmental and economic perspective. The stimuli responsive properties would make the smart Pickering emulsifiers recyclable and reusable. Experiments: The amphiphilic-adaptable graphene quantum dots functionalized by alkyl groups (C-GQDs) were synthesized by a facile one-step pyrolysis method. The pH-responsive emulsion performances were investigated, and the mechanism of pH-responsive of C-GQDs was studied by dynamic light scattering. Findings: The amphiphilicity of C-GQDs could be acquired controllably and effectively by this facile one-step pyrolysis method, which are able to stabilize Pickering emulsion at a very low concentration (0.001%). The amphiphilicity of C-GQDs are capable of changing in response to environmental stimuli. When the pH value of aqueous solution adjusts to 2, these C-GQDs aggregate in contrast to their stability in neutral condition due to the alternation of surface charges. The pH-responsive aggregation/ dispersion behavior of C-GQDs allows us to tune the interactions between oil-in-water emulsion droplets without introduction of destabilization agents. This will provide huge economic benefits in industrial applications in the future.
Perpendicular recording model of medium effects on readback amplitude and transition SNR

Summary form only given. The effects of medium properties on perpendicular recording is investigated through a previously developed micromagnetic model. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to generate head fields for a generic single-pole type writer design in the presence of a medium with a soft underlayer (SUL). Transitions are recorded with a LLG model of perpendicular recording media and read-back is performed using a micromagnetic model of a GMR spin-valve device.
EFFECTS OF FASTING AND INTRALUMINAL CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT ON ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF THE EQUINE SMALL INTESTINE

The equine small intestine is challenging to evaluate ultrasonographically. In humans, hydrosonography has been used to improve ultrasonographic images of the small intestine. We hypothesized that fasting horses for 24 h would enhance the ability to image the small intestine transabdominally by separating intestinal loops and reducing intraluminal gas, and that the administration of intragastric contrast agent would further improve that ability. Ten healthy horses were examined ultrasonographically under three treatment conditions: (a) regular diet, (b) after a 24-h fast, and (c) fasted plus intragastric administration of water and mineral oil. During each phase of the study, 30-s video clips were obtained from four predetermined abdominal windows, and were examined to determine diagnostic quality. Fasting improved the ability to obtain high-quality images of the small intestine significantly. The addition of contrast agent resulted in qualitative improvement in image quality, but differences did not result in statistically significant improvement.
The human side of managing risks in high-tech product developments

A two-year field study into technology-based product developments examines risk management approaches. The findings show the critical importance of identifying and dealing with risks early in the development cycle. This requires sophisticated look-ahead simulation and rapid prototyping techniques, supported by modern information technology, as well as broad-scanning across all segments of the project organization. Managers must foster a work environment where people can deal with the uncertainties, ambiguities, and organizational imperfections. The critical importance of reducing complexity on all aspects of the product design and its organizational processes is discussed. To be effective as "risk managers", project team leaders must be capable of more than understanding the tools and techniques of enterprise risk management. They must also understand the infrastructure of their organization and deal with the complex social, technical and economic issues that determine the culture and value system of the enterprise.
Selenium and vitamin E deficiencies do not enhance lung inflammation from cigarette smoke in the hamster

The early lung inflammatory response to cigarette smoke may be oxidant-mediated. We fed Syrian hamsters a diet deficient in selenium and vitamin E to determine whether impairment of the lung's antioxidant defenses might worsen inflammation induced by cigarette smoke. After 8 wk, cigarette-smoke-exposed animals had characteristic inflammatory lesions in the distal airways. Increased numbers of phagocytes, predominantly macrophages, were recovered by lavage and these cells exhibited enhanced oxidative metabolism. Animals fed the deficient diet had profound depletions of selenium and vitamin E, but no alterations in the histologic appearance of smoke-induced inflammatory lesions, in the numbers of phagocytes recruited, or in the oxidative metabolism of these phagocytes. These results suggest that selenium and vitamin E are unimportant in protecting against cigarette-smoke-induced lung injury.
Scene safety in the face of automatic weapons fire: A new dilemma for ems?

Objective. To describe the EMS response to a large-scale shooting incident involving military-style weapons. Methods. Descriptive review. Results. Twenty ambulances, nine engine companies, and three helicopters responded to this incident. Ten police officers and nine civilians were wounded, all of whom required transport to nearby hospitals. Two gunmen were shot and pronounced dead at the scene. No EMS personnel were injured. Conclusion. Incidents involving military-style weapons pose a unique challenge for prehospital care providers who must care for injured civilians and law enforcement personnel while maintaining their own safety. Use of the Incident Command System, establishment of a liaison with law enforcement, and the provision of protective gear for EMS personnel are vital to effectively and safely manage these types of incidents.
Communicating with external publics: managing public opinion and behavior.

SUMMARY In health care organizational settings public relations plays an important role in managing relationships with a variety of external publics as well as with society in general. Managing these relationships involves both reactive and proactive communication activities. Reactively, public relations responds to public issues, crises and concerns, as well as inquires from the media and other social institutions. Proactively, public relations engages in deliberately planned campaigns and programs to inform, influence or change behaviors of targeted publics for a wide range of strategic purposes. These purposes include managing the organization's image and identity; influencing public policies; supporting health promotion and education; promoting fund raising and volunteerism; and managing organizational change and crises.
Amylose and Amylopectin Interact in Retrogradation of Dispersed High-Amylose Starches

ABSTRACT Retrogradation of three high-amylose starches (HAS: ae du, ae V, and ae VII) and common corn starch (CCS) was examined by dynamic oscillatory rheometry (7.5% [w/w] starch in 20% [v/v] dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO]), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; 30% [w/w] starch in water), and turbidity (0.5% [w/w] starch in 20% [v/v] DMSO). Nongranular lipid-free starch and starch fractions (amylose [AM], amylopectin [AP], and intermediate material [IM]) were studied. Gels were prepared by dispersing starches or fractions in 90% DMSO and diluting with water, followed by storage for seven days at 4°C. For AM from each starch, the elastic modulus (G′) was similar when heated from 6 to 70°C. The G′ of HAS AP gels at 6°C was higher than for CCS AP gels. For nongranular CCS and ae du gels, G′ dropped dramatically (≈100×) when heated from 6 to 70°C, less (≈10×) for ae V gels, and least (≈5×) for ae VII gels. By DSC, each AM endotherm had a peak temperature of ≈140°C, whereas all AP endotherms were complete befor...
Development of the structural components of the brush border in absorptive cells of the chick intestine.

The spatial and temporal relationships between cytoplasmic filaments and the morphogenesis of the intestinal brush border were examined by transmission electron microscopy of normally developing tissue and of tissue exposed to a variety of experimental conditions in organ culture. Distinct stages in the development of the brush border were identified: (1) Irregular projections of the apical plasma membrane that contain a network of microfilaments are converted to uniform projections filled with a core bundle of straight microfilaments (7–11d of incubation). (2) Rootlets form by an elongation or aggregation of filaments (11–15d). (3) The terminal web forms first as a network of short filaments just below the apical plasma membrane, then secondarily stratifies into two layers (19d of incubation to 3d posthatching). (4) Core filaments elongate as microvilli achieve their maturity (21d of incubation to 5d posthatching). Microvillus formation was not perturbed by culturing 9d tissue in high concentrations of Ca++ or Mg++, either with or without the ionophore, A23187. Rootlet formation was stimulated by high Mg++, with or without A23187, and, for reasons unknown, by ethanol. Terminal web formation was not stimulated by Mg++ or Ca++, but the integrity of the terminal web was lost when 21d embryonic tissue was cultured with EGTA or cytochalasin B. After stratification, the terminal web could not be disrupted by EGTA, but instead was aggregated to the center of the apical end of the cell.
Enhanced WDM performance using curved waveguide couplers

This paper presents a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) waveguide coupler that is composed of a pair of curved circular waveguides, where changing the radius of curvature and the spacing between the two waveguides controls the coupler operation. Based on coupled mode theory (CMT), a 4-channel WDM system is derived and designed using the curved waveguide couplers. The 3D beam propagation method (BPM) is used to verify the correctness of the design. In the comparison using CMT and BPM, the designed and simulated results agree quite well. Fabrication details and useful parameter variations are given for the curved coupler, and advantages of the curved coupler over a conventional straight coupler are discussed.
Synthesis and secondary-ion mass spectrometry of linear single oligomers of nylon-6

Linear single oligomers of nylon-6, up to 12 repeat units, have been prepared by stepwise synthesis using protection, deprotection, and coupling reactions. The dimer was synthesized starting with 6-aminohexanoic acid; the tetramer, hexamer, octamer, and dodecamer were synthesized by coupling oligomers of lower molecular weight. The synthesized oligomers were characterized by 1H NMR and TOF-SIMS to confirm their structures and molecular weights. In addition to silver cationized oligomer peaks, which are usually observed in TOF-SIMS spectra, oligomer peaks cationized by sodium and hydrogen were observed. No fragmentation other than loss of H2 was observed even for the highest oligomer prepared in this study.
A comparison of control techniques for large flexible systems

Two broad approaches to the active control of large flexible systems are compared, namely, coupled control and independent modal-space control. The basic difference between the two approaches lies in the manner in which the feedback controls are designed. The two methods are compared qualitatively from design and computational viewpoints, and quantitatively through the work done, performance index, and spillover effects. The comparison shows the independent modal-space control method to possess many advantages over coupled control, as it permits easier design and implementation and requires less computational effort and control energy for implementation.