cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Interaction and Fate of Pasteurella hemolytica in Bovine Alveolar Macrophages

Abstract To study the role of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in phagocytizing Pasteurella hemolytica, we developed an in vitro cultivation method for preparing them. This procedure provided an adherent monolayer of PAMs which were nonspecific esterase-positive and phagocytized latex beads. The phagocytosis and fate of P. hemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1) by PAMs in suspension were studied. The kinetics of phagocytosis were determined by quantitatively measuring the uptake of 24-h [3H]thymidine-labeled bacteria by the PAMs in the presence of opsonins. Results showed that the uptake of P. hemolytica was enhanced in the presence of normal serum or antiserum. A total of 90% of the bacteria were phagocytized in the presence of normal adult bovine serum, and up to 95% were phagocytized in the presence of an antiserum. These studies also showed that normal serum, but not fetal calf serum, contained heat-stable natural antibodies which readily initiated the opsonization of P. hemolytica. The heat-labile complement system was also involved in the opsonization. The fate of P. hemolytica inside the PAMs was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and by the viable plate count method. Approximately 90% of the normal serum- or antiserum-opsonized P. hemolytica were phagocytized by PAMs at a bacteria/PAM ratio of 20:1 and were completely degraded after 60 min of exposure. Prolonged incubation of this mixture of bacteria and PAMs resulted in cytotoxic changes and destruction of PAMs. At a low bacteria/PAM ratio (10:1 or less), there was phagocytosis and killing of bacteria but no cytotoxic changes on the PAMs. The exact mechanism which initiated this phenomenon was not demonstrated. Perhaps toxic substance(s) released by the excess unphagocytized bacteria caused the cytotoxic changes to the PAMs.
5,10,20,25,35,40-Hexanornonapyrrin: The Largest Structurally Characterized Oligopyrrole Prepared to Date

The synthesis and X-ray diffraction-based characterization of a nonapyrrolic oligomer 2 [5,5‘‘-bis((2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrol-5‘‘-yl)vinyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole] is reported. It was prepared by condensing 2 equiv of the 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2‘‘-formyl-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,5‘‘-terpyrrole (8) with 1 equiv of 3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-2,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole (9). A similar procedure, involving the condensation of 1 equiv of the 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2‘‘-formyl-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,5‘‘-terpyrrole (8) with 1 equiv of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrole (10) was found to give rise to the corresponding hexameric system 4 bis(2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4,3‘,4‘,3‘‘,4‘‘-hexamethyl-5,2‘:5‘,2‘‘-terpyrrol-5‘‘-yl)methene, a system that was likewise characterized by X-ray diffraction methods. It was also found that replacing the monoformyl terpyrrole 8 by the corresponding bipyrrole, namel...
Management of Sentence Production Demands

This study examined the effects of variations in language complexity on young children's phonological accuracy and consistency of target words. A more general intent was to understand better the way in which developmental level and children's tolerance of speech variability influenced the management of processing demands. Seven children aged 22–34 months were seen six times over a 4-month period. During these sessions, children were presented with an elicited imitation task consisting of 18 stimulus words, each of which occurred in eight sentences of varying language complexity. Younger children in Language Stage III were found to be more influenced by changes in language complexity than older children in Language Stages IV and V. Within-stage differences were also found. Moreover, in contrast to previous research, children showed as many improvements in phonological accuracy with increases in language complexity as they did decreases in phonological accuracy. It was suggested that between-stage differenc...
Biological activities of fusarochromanone: a potent anti-cancer agent

Fusarochromanone (FC101) is a small molecule fungal metabolite with a host of interesting biological functions, including very potent anti-angiogenic and direct anti-cancer activity. Herein, we report that FC101 exhibits very potent in-vitro growth inhibitory effects (IC50 ranging from 10nM-2.5 μM) against HaCat (pre-malignant skin), P9-WT (malignant skin), MCF-7 (low malignant breast), MDA-231 (malignant breast), SV-HUC (premalignant bladder), UM-UC14 (malignant bladder), and PC3 (malignant prostate) in a time-course and dose-dependent manner, with the UM-UC14 cells being the most sensitive. FC101 induces apoptosis and an increase in proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase in both HaCat and P9-WT cell lines as evidenced by cell cycle profile analysis. In a mouse xenograft SCC tumor model, FC101 was well tolerated, non-toxic, and achieved a 30% reduction in tumor size at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day. FC101 is also a potent anti-angiogenenic agent. At nanomolar doses, FC101 inhibits the vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A)-mediated proliferation of endothelial cells. Our data presented here indicates that FC101 is an excellent lead candidate for a small molecule anti-cancer agent that simultaneously affects angiogenesis signaling, cancer signal transduction, and apoptosis. Further understanding of the underlying FC101’s molecular mechanism may lead to the design of novel targeted and selective therapeutics, both of which are pursued targets in cancer drug discovery.
Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis with Sensory Neuropathy

SUMMARY The authors report the clinical and laboratory assessment of a family in which several members are involved with a neurological disorder characterized by varying degrees of spastic paraparesis associated with sensory deficits. The literature regarding this unusual disorder, which in this family appears to be autosomal dominant, is reviewed and the difficulty in anatomical localization is emphasized. RESUME Paraparesie spastique hereditaire avec neuropathie sensorielle Les auteurs rapportent l'evaluation clinique et de laboratoire d'une famille dont plusieurs membres sont atteints d'un desordre neurologique marque de degres varies de paraparesie spastique, associee avec des deficits sensoriels. lis presentent une revue de la literature au sujet de ce desordre peu commun, qui dans cette famille parait etre autosomique dominante, en soulignant la difficulte de localisation anatomique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Erbliche spastische Paraparese mit sensorischer Neuropathie Die Autoren berichten uber die klinische Untersuchung und die Laborbefunde einer Familie, in der mehrere Mitglieder an einer neurologischen Erkrankung leiden, die durch unterschiedlich starke spastische Paraparese und sensorische Ausfalle gekennzeichnet ist. Die Literatur uber diese ungewohnliche Erkrankung, die in dieser Familie autosomal dominant vererbt zu werden scheint, wird besprochen und die Schwierigkeit der anatomi-schen Lokalisierung betont. RESUMEN Paraparesia espastica hereditaria con neuropatia sensorial Los autores aportan los datos clinicos y de laboratorio de una familia, cuyos diversos miembros sufren una alteracion neurologica que se caracteriza por diversos grados de paraparesia espastica, asociada a deficits sensoriales. Se revisa la literatura que trata de esta rara alteracion, que en esta familia aparece como autosomica dominante, y se pone de manifiesto la dificultad de una localizacion anatomica.
Itk Signals Promote Neuroinflammation by Regulating CD4+ T-Cell Activation and Trafficking

Here we demonstrate that interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (Itk) signaling in cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4+) T cells promotes experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We show that Itk−/− mice exhibit reduced disease severity, and transfer of Itk−/− CD4+ T cells into T cell-deficient recipients results in lower disease severity. We observed a significant reduction of CD4+ T cells in the CNS of Itk−/− mice or recipients of Itk−/− CD4+ T cells during EAE, which is consistent with attenuated disease. Itk−/− CD4+ T cells exhibit defective response to myelin antigen stimulation attributable to displacement of filamentous actin from the CD4+ coreceptor. This results in inadequate transmigration of Itk−/− CD4+ T cells into the CNS and across brain endothelial barriers in vitro. Finally, Itk−/− CD4+ T cells show significant reduction in production of T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 cytokines and exhibit skewed T effector/T regulatory cell ratios. These results indicate that signaling by Itk promotes autoimmunity and CNS inflammation, suggesting that it may be a viable target for treatment of MS.
An X-ray diffraction examination of the FeTi-H2 system

The alpha , beta 1, beta 2, and gamma phases exhibited by the FeTi-H2 system are shown to be isostructural with the corresponding phases of the FeTi-D2 system. Evidence is presented suggesting that the phases exhibited by a given FeTiHx specimen depend not only upon the hydrogen content but also upon the sample history and the method of preparation.
Adult picky eating. Phenomenology, taste sensitivity, and psychological correlates

Abstract Objectives: To explore psychosocial correlates of picky eating in adults, document differences in the taste sensitivity of picky and non-picky eating adults, and examine behavioral characteristics of this understudied phenomenon. Methods: In Study One, 489 participants completed a survey on food choice and habits, including questions that asked participants to self-identify as picky eaters. Picky and non-picky eaters were compared on their rates of endorsement of a range of food selection behaviors and attitudes. In Study Two, participants who identified as either picky or non-picky responded to questionnaire measures of obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, disordered eating symptoms, disgust sensitivity, and food and general neophobia. Participants also rated the intensity of bitter and sweet solutions at three concentrations on a Labeled Magnitude Scale. Results: In Study One, picky eaters were more likely to endorse a variety of anomalous eating behaviors and attitudes toward food, including rejection of foods based on sensory characteristics (taste, color, texture). Picky eaters were less likely to endorse enjoyment of eating, and more likely to report that they were unhealthy eaters. In Study Two, picky eaters had significantly higher OCD symptoms, disgust sensitivity, and food neophobia than non-picky eaters, and were more likely to score within the clinical range of depression symptoms, but did not have higher scores on measures of disordered eating or general neophobia. Picky eaters rated both bitter and sweet tastants as more intense than did non-picky eaters. Discussions: Implications of findings for the future study of the correlates and mechanisms of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder are discussed.
What Principals Must Know Before Assuming the Role of Instructional Leader

To create an effective school, principals must make learning and teaching their highest school priority, say these writers. The expectation that students can learn, will learn, and must learn—they ...
Characterization of Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase II Inhibitor Protein (CaMKIIN) by Fluorescence Polarization and Fluctuation Analysis

Calcium-calmodulin (Ca/CaM) dependent protein Kinase-II (CaMKII) is a major mediator of various cellular signaling processes and has been implicated in schizophrenia, heart failure, arthritis, and certain types of cancers. CaMKII subunits assemble to form a large dodecameric holoenzyme with which numerous proteins are known to interact. Among these regulators are CaMKIIN-alpha and -beta, small 8 kDa proteins that are expressed almost exclusively in brain and testis. CaMKIIN proteins are highly specific inhibitors of CaMKII activity, but the physiological role and oligomeric state of these proteins are not known. It is also not known if interactions with the holoenzyme are stable or transient, or if these interactions are stoichiometric with kinase subunits. To address these questions we used Fluorescence Polarization and Fluctuation Analysis (FPFA), a hybrid method that simultaneously measures Homo-FRET and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). FPFA studies reveal that C-terminal Venus-tagged CaMKIIN is a monomeric protein that can bind stably to Ca/CaM-activated CaMKII. Up to six CaMKIIN monomers can bind to the holoenzyme, suggesting that one CaMKIIN inhibitory protein interacts with two CaMKII subunits in the holoenzyme. Furthermore, Homo-FRET analysis of Venus-tagged CaMKII holoenzyme co-incubated with untagged CaMKIIN revealed the separation of catalytic domain pairs, but only after activation with Ca/CaM. This is consistent with our previous observation of catalytic domain unpairing in hippocampal neurons upon calcium influx through NMDA receptors. The C-terminus of CaMKIIN is thought to play a key role in inhibition of CaMKII because a reduction on inhibitory potency was observed when its C-terminal was tagged with Venus. Our results suggest that in addition to inhibiting the kinase, CaMKIIN regulates catalytic domain pairing.
Imagery, affective arousal and memory consolidation

A DISPARITY exists between the methods and theory that have been developed to study human memory and those used in animal learning studies. Present research strategies in human memory focus on (1) differences in the stimuli-to-be stored in memory (such as the extent to which words can be encoded)1; (2) conditions that precede new learning which influence the acquisition, stimulus transformation and encoding of input; (3) the context in which information is presented at the time of storage or retrieval from memory (where context determines the specific encoding strategy used to store and retrieve information)2; and (4) conditions that affect storage decay (such as those which might prevent rehearsal or precipitate “unlearning” of information stored in memory). The main theme of this research stresse stimulus characteristics, often causally defined, as determinants of input–output relationships in memory. Few attempts have been made to develop the structural detail of human memory with respect to underlying biological mechanisms.
Evidence for the presence of allantoicase in germinating peanuts

Abstract Allantoicase activity has been detected in germinating peanut cotyledons. The enzyme is absent in resting seeds but appears in the cotyledons on the fourth day of germination. It then stays at a constant level until the tenth day of germination. The pH maxima of the enzyme is at 7·5 and K m is 0·847 mM.
Buckling and vibration of a plate on elastic foundation subjected to in-plane compression and moving loads

The stability and dynamic displacement response of an infinite thin plate resting on a Winkler-type or a two-parameter elastic foundation have been investigated when the system is subjected to in-plane static compressive forces and a distributed load moving with a constant advance velocity. The amplitude of the moving load was assumed to be either constant or of harmonic variation and damping of a linear hysteretic nature for the foundation were considered. Formulations in the transformed field domains of time, space, and moving space were employed. The steady-state response to a moving harmonic load and the response to a moving load of constant amplitude were obtained using a double Fourier transform. Analyses were performed: (i) to investigate the effects of various parameters, such as the load velocity, load frequency, and damping, on the deflected shapes, maximum displacements, and critical values of the velocity, frequency, and in-plane compression, and (ii) to examine how the in-plane compression affects the stability and vibration of the system. Expressions to predict the critical (resonance) velocity, critical frequency, and in-plane buckling force were proposed.
Oscillatory Gas Flow in a Circular Nanotube

Gas flow through nanoscale conduits shows distinctly different physics compared to flow at the macroscale. One of the first manifestations of this is the appearance of wall slip. Here we consider the oscillatory flow of an incom- pressible Newtonian gas through a circular nanotube, with first order wall slip due to rarefaction. It was found that the ma- jor effect of wall slip at lower oscillation frequencies is to alter the instantaneous velocity profiles from Poiseuille-like to more plug-like, with an overall enhancement to the fluid velocity magnitude. However, at higher frequencies the en- hancement to velocity magnitude due to wall slip is greatly diminished, and rarefaction introduces a region of backflow near the centerline of the nanotube. These flow characteristics may have important implications for the design of various practical applications of unsteady gas flow through nanoscale conduits, from fuel cell membranes to gas-powered nanomachines constructed from carbon nanotubes.
Efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats: Dose titration study

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) parasitism is the greatest threat to economic sheep and goat production in the southern USA, and there is widespread prevalence of GIN resistance to broad-spectrum anthelmintics in this region. A natural alternative for controlling GIN in small ruminants is feeding hay of sericea lespedeza [SL, Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours., G. Don)], a perennial warm-season legume high in condensed tannins. To determine the level of SL needed to reduce GIN infection, a confinement study was completed with 32 Spanish/Boer/Kiko cross yearling bucks offered one of four diets with 75% hay and 25% concentrate (n=8, 2 pens/treatment, 4 goats/pen). The hay portion of each diet consisted of a combination of ground SL (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the diet) and bermudagrass [BG, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.; 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of the diet]. The bucks were allowed to acquire a natural GIN infection on pasture prior to moving to the pens. After a 3-week adjustment period in the pens, the goats were stratified by fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV), randomly assigned to treatments and pens, and then fed the treatment diets for six weeks. During the experimental period, fecal and blood samples were collected from individual animals weekly to determine FEC and PCV, respectively. Adult worms from abomasum and small intestines were collected for counting and identification of species at slaughter. Goats fed SL hay at 25%, 50%, and 75% of the diet had 45.3% (P=0.2048), 66.3% (P=0.0134), and 74.5% (P=0.0077) lower FEC than control animals (75% BG hay) after 21 days. The 50% and 75% SL goats had 84.6% (P=0.0625) and 91.9% (P=0.0340) lower FEC than controls by day 42. The 75% SL-fed goats tended to have higher (P=0.0624) PCV and had fewer (P=0.035) abomasal worms than control animals, while PCV and adult worm numbers of the 50% and 25% SL goats were not different from controls. The optimum level of SL hay in the diet for reducing worm numbers of small ruminants appears to be 75%, whereas 50-75% SL reduces FEC, which could lead to reduced larval infection on pasture.
Magnetic resonance imaging detected renal volume reduction in refluxing and nonrefluxing kidneys

Purpose: Renal parenchymal damage is a well recognized sequela of urinary tract infection in the setting of vesicoureteral reflux. We investigated renal magnetic resonance imaging as a quantitative modality to detect renal parenchymal damage in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infection.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children with primary vesicoureteral reflux and urinary tract infection who underwent renal magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Those with other genitourinary pathology were excluded. Controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging for nongenitourinary pathologies. Kidneys were segregated among control, nonrefluxing, and low grade (I to III) and high grade (IV to V) reflux. Size plots (magnetic resonance imaging volume vs age) were drawn for comparison. Gross imaging abnormalities observed were renal scarring and small size.Results: Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 114 patients with vesicoureteral reflux (228 ...
Are Sin Stocks Paying the Price for Accounting Sins

Recent empirical evidence suggests that sin stocks—publicly traded stocks in the gaming, tobacco, alcohol, and adult entertainment industries—are neglected by stock market participants because of social norms, regulatory scrutiny, and litigation risk. Consequently, these firms experience low institutional ownership, low analyst following, and higher expected returns. This paper examines whether higher information risk in the form of poor financial reporting quality offers an explanation for the higher expected returns of sin firms. Inconsistent with this explanation, we find that the financial reporting quality of sin firms is superior relative to a variety of control groups along two dimensions: predictability of earnings for future cash flows and timely loss recognition. These results imply that, despite superior returns and higher financial reporting quality, investors are willing to neglect sin stocks and instead bear a financial cost in order to comply with societal norms and reflect non-financial ta...
Confirmatory and quantitative analysis of β-lactam antibiotics in bovine kidney tissue by dispersive solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple, rapid, rugged, sensitive, and specific method for the confirmation and quantitation of 10 β-lactam antibiotics in fortified and incurred bovine kidney tissue has been developed. The method uses a simple solvent extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction (dispersive-SPE) cleanup, and liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) for confirmation and quantitation. Dispersive-SPE greatly simplifies and accelerates sample cleanup and improves overall recoveries compared with conventional SPE cleanup. The β-lactam antibiotics tested were as follows: deacetylcephapirin (an antimicrobial metabolite of cephapirin), amoxicillin, desfuroylceftiofur cysteine disulfide (DCCD, an antimicrobial metabolite of ceftiofur), ampicillin, cefazolin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, naficillin, and dicloxacillin. Average recoveries of fortified samples were 70% or better for all β-lactams except DCCD, which had an average recovery of 58%. The LC/MS/MS method was able to demonstrate quantitative r...
Commuting properties of generalized inverses

Abstract For any semigroup and any , in 2012, the author defined to be a -inverse of if , and . For given , any such is unique if it exists, and, by choosing and appropriately, one can arrange for to become, inter alia, either the author’s pseudo-inverse or (if is a -semigroup) the Moore–Penrose inverse . For any , the author proved in 1958 that implies whenever exists. In this article it is shown that, more generally, implies whenever and both exist. Still more generally, a corresponding result is proved for -inverses; in particular, for the Moore–Penrose inverse, and together imply . For any , new connections between the generalized invertibility of and are also obtained.
Homogeneous Catalytic Hydroformylation of 1-Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Using a Novel Rhodium Catalyst with Fluorinated Arylphosphine Ligands

A novel rhodium-based catalyst was developed for homogeneous hydroformylation in supercritical carbon dioxide. The catalyst, trans-RhCl(CO)(P(p-CF3C6H4)3)2, has in the supercritical fluid reaction ...
Influence of additional acid etch treatment on resin cement dentin infiltration.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the penetration of a resin cement into dentin surfaces pretreated with self-etching primer with or without conventional acid etch. Materials and Methods Dentin surfaces of 8 unerupted human third molars were treated with self-etch primer (Panavia 21; Kuraray Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) with or without conventional acid etch treatment. A resin cement (Panavia 21) was applied according to manufacturer's instructions. Dentin/resin cement interface sections from each tooth were examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the light microscopy sections, exposed protein at the dentin/cement interface was stained a distinct red with Goldner's trichrome. Results The resin cement did not penetrate the depth of the zone of demineralized dentin when the self-etch primer was used in combination with conventional acid etch treatment. Inadequate resin cement penetration leaves a substantial area of exposed protein at the dentin/cement interface. In contrast, there was complete resin cement diffusion throughout the demineralized dentin when the self-etch primer was used without acid etching. Conclusions Combining conventional acid etch treatment with a self-etching primer/resin cement system resulted in incomplete resin cement penetration and exposed protein at the dentin/cement interface.
The Growing use of Competitive Negotiations to Increase Managerial Capability: The Acquisition of e-Government Services

E-government services have become increasingly common and more sophisticated among governments in the United States. These services are often purchased from private vendors, as public managers seek to be innovative and entrepreneurial. A record of cost overruns and failures, however, suggests that public managers may not always have the appropriate capability to successfully deploy e-government services. One means of increasing this capability is through acquisition processes known as competitive negotiations. Through negotiating with private vendors before and after contract award, public managers can obtain needed expertise in areas of system requirements, design, and implementation. Two case studies involving the use of the state of Florida's invitation to negotiate purchasing process are discussed to illustrate how managerial capability can be increased when purchasing e-government services.
Electronic Structures and Spin Topologies of γ-Picoliniumyl Radicals. A Study of the Homolysis of N-Methyl-γ-picolinium and of Benzo-, Dibenzo-, and Naphthoannulated Analogs

Radicals resulting from one-electron reduction of (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) methyl esters have been reported to yield (N-methylpyridinium-4-yl) methyl radical, or N-methyl-gamma-picoliniumyl for short, by heterolytic cleavage of carboxylate. This new reaction could provide the foundation for a new structural class of bioreductively activated, hypoxia-selective antitumor agents. N-methyl-gamma-picoliniumyl radicals are likely to damage DNA by way of H-abstraction and it is of paramount significance to assess their H-abstraction capabilities. In this context, the benzylic C-H homolyses were studied of toluene (T), gamma-picoline (P, 4-methylpyridine), and N-methyl-gamma-picolinium (1c, 1,4-dimethylpyridinium). With a view to providing capacity for DNA intercalation the properties also were examined of the annulated derivatives 2c (1,4-dimethylquinolinium), 3c (9,10-dimethylacridinium), and 4c (1,4-dimethylbenzo[g]quinolinium). The benzylic C-H homolyses were studied with density functional theory (DFT), perturbation theory (up to MP4SDTQ), and configuration interaction methods (QCISD(T), CCSD(T)). Although there are many similarities between the results obtained here with DFT and CI theory, a number of significant differences occur and these are shown to be caused by methodological differences in the spin density distributions of the radicals. The quality of the wave functions is established by demonstration of internal consistencies and with reference to a number of observable quantities. The analysis of spin polarization emphasizes the need for a clear distinction between "electron delocalization" and "spin delocalization" in annulated radicals. Aside from their relevance for the rational design of new antitumor drugs, the conceptional insights presented here also will inform the understanding of ferromagnetic materials, of spin-based signaling processes, and of spin topologies in metalloenzymes.
From Krukenberg to today: the ever present problems posed by metastatic tumors in the ovary. Part II.

This is the second of a two-part consideration of metastatic tumors to the ovary. Here, the matter is considered in 16 categories, largely site-specific. The first tumor discussed is gastric carcinoma of intestinal-type whose ovarian manifestations have been the subject of a recent paper which empha
Sequential analysis of variance for irregular designs: some Monte Carlo results

Sequential analysis of variance was first dealt with by Johnson (1953) for equal numbers in groups and the results were extended to unequal numbers by Jones (1968) and Jones and Hinkelmann (1969). The average sample number (A.S.N.) obtained for an irregular design is usually lower than that for equal subclass numbers and this advantage is enhanced if sampling starts with the "minimum" design. In this article Monte Carlo results are given for two classifications models with fixed effects, namely, one-way classification and twoway classification without interaction. Different methods are adopted to obtain the minimum starting design for unbalanced models and the resulting A.S.N. of these are compared. In all cases the probabilities of errors of the two kinds are taken to be 0.05.
Physical Attractiveness and Assumptions about Social Deviance Some Sex-by-Sex Comparisons

The hypothesis that individuals would sort less attractive individuals into categories representing various forms of minor social deviance was tested. As predicted, both male and female subjects selected less attractive individuals of both sexes as more likely to be politically radical. Female homosexuals were also selected from less attractive stimulus photographs by both sexes whereas less attractive males were selected as homosexuals only by female subjects. Both sexes selected less attractive males as those with stereotypically feminine occupational aspirations, but did not attribute masculine occupational aspirations to unattractive females. In contrast to earlier studies, only the feminist-nonfeminist label failed to produce any categorization based on physical attractiveness. Findings were discussed in terms of the evaluation process as a measure of social desirability.
Timeliness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Stage III Adenocarcinoma of the Colon: A Measure of Quality of Care

Abstract Background Findings from multiple clinical trials established AC as a standard of care for stage III colon cancer. However, there is no recommended standard time for delivery of AC. We explored the timeliness of AC with FOLFOX as a predictor of recurrence and its role as a quality indicator in patients with stage III colon cancer. Patients and Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with colon cancer who received AC at Los Angeles County Hospital and Norris Cancer Center between 2003 and 2011. Time to recurrence (TTR) was the primary end point of the study, Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to assess the association between timing of the AC and TTR. Results We identified 102 patients with stage III colon cancer who had received AC. With a median follow-up of 3.2 years, time from surgery to AC was not a predictor of recurrence ( P = .19). However, there was a nonsignificant trend toward higher risk of systemic recurrence when the delay of AC was more than 12 weeks ( P = .068). Additionally, a significant association was found between age, race, type of hospital, and timeliness of AC. Conclusion To date, our study is the largest data set to assess the timeliness of FOLFOX as a predictor of outcome in stage III colon cancer. Because FOLFOX is the current standard for AC for colon cancer, we report a trend toward worse outcome when FOLFOX is delayed more than 12 weeks. This result, thus supports quality measures to assess the timeliness of AC in stage III colon cancer and might have a meaningful effect on the care of patients with colon cancer.
Effect of electron transport properties on unipolar CdZnTe radiation detectors: LUND, SpectrumPlus, and coplanar grid

Device simulations of (1) the laterally contacted-unipolar-nuclear detector (LUND), (2) the SpectrumPlus, (3) and the coplanar grid made of Cd0.9Zn0.1Te (CZT) were performed for 137Cs irradiation by 662.15 keV gamma-rays. Realistic and controlled simulations of the gamma-ray interactions with the CZT material were done using the MCNP4B2 Monte Carlo program, and the detector responses were simulated using the Sandia three-dimensional multi-electrode simulation program (SandTMSP). The simulations were done for the best and the worst expected carrier mobilities and lifetimes of currently commercially available CZT materials for radiation detector applications. For the simulated unipolar devices, the active device volumes were relatively large and the energy resolutions were fairly good, but these performance characteristics were found to be very sensitive to the materials properties. The internal electric fields, the weighting potentials, and the charge induced efficiency maps were calculated to give insights into the operation of these devices.
Model-based evaluation of GPS spoofing attacks on power grid sensors

Emerging cyber-physical system (CPS) applications require reliable time synchronization to enable distributed control and sensing applications. However, time reference signals are vulnerable to attacks that could remain undetected for a long time. Sensor-rich distributed CPS such as the “smart grid” highly rely on GPS and similar time references for sub-station clock synchronization. The vulnerability of time synchronization protocols to spoofing attacks is a potential risk factor that may lead to falsified sensor readings and, at a larger scale, may become hazardous for system safety. This paper describes a simulation-based assessment of the effect of time accuracy on time-centric power system applications. In particular, the vulnerability of power grid sensors to erroneous time references and the potential risks of time-base spoofing on power grid health are studied, using the Ptolemy modeling and simulation tool. Both the false alarm and the missed generation scenarios are considered, where the GPS spoofer may lead the substation to declare an erroneous out-of-phase situation, or the substation may be disabled to detect anomalies that are present in the incoming phase data.
Tumor necrosis factor α increases cytosolic calcium responses to AMPA and KCl in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons

Acute behavioral effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have been previously reported, however the cellular basis for these actions are unknown. To address this issue we examined the effects of TNFα on AMPA- and depolarization-induced changes in cytosolic Ca2+ in cultured hippocampal neurons. Single cell Ca2+ levels were determined with the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2. TNFα caused an up-regulation of AMPA (10 μM)- and depolarization (55 mM KCl)-induced Ca2+ responses. This effect occurred within a window of concentrations (1 and 10 ng/ml but not 0.1 or 100 ng/ml) and times (3 and 6 h but not 1 and 24 h). The effect was dependent upon protein synthesis (blocked by cycloheximide) and was prevented by the soluble TNF receptor and by a soluble TNF receptor fragment. Treatment with the soluble TNF receptor fragment also caused a decrease in the basal response. The TNFα treatment protocols did not appear to produce any toxicity to the neurons. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that TNFα regulates proteins known to be involved in neuronal communication (AMPA receptors) and cell regulation (voltage-dependent calcium channels) in a relatively rapid period of time (a few hours). These actions may be related to the behavioral effects produced by TNFα that occur within this time frame.
Postwar television receivers

Knowledge gained Irom wartime research in microwave techniques is being applied to improve the peacetime design of television receivers for home use. Receivers now are available which incorporate these radical changes in design.
School Choice as a Bounded Ideal

School choice is most often viewed through the lens of provision: most of the debate on the issue searches for desirable ways to offer vouchers, scholarships or other tools that provides choice as a way to achieve equality and/or freedom. This paper focuses on the consumer side of school choice, and utilises behavioural economics as well as ethnographic and network studies to consider ways to structure choice which respond to actual cognitive and social processes of choice. These empirical studies give scholars and policy-makers who grapple with school choice a perspective that should affect the principled design of these programs as well as their execution. The paper considers the ways in which actual choice processes should affect current visions of school choice. It concludes with recommendations concerning the design of choice sets and the accessibility of information regarding choice, which together can assist school choice policies in better fulfilling their promise of equality and freedom.
Jaundice due to isoniazid.

Summary A girl, 8½ years old, developed an allergic reaction to isoniazid with fever, rash and jaundice. She had similar manifestations with PAS. Her mother was also allergic to PAS. In another case of isoniazid allergy, without jaundice, two more members of the family were allergic to antituberculous drugs. We have only met three families in which drug allergy occurred in close blood relations. As isoniazid was involved in two, it may indicate that in the presence of constitutional predisposition, allergy may develop to a drug which is usually harmless. Five cases of jaundice due to isoniazid have previously been recorded.
Evidence of multiple chromosomal inversions in Aedes aegypti formosus from Senegal

Chromosomal inversions are prevalent in mosquito species but polytene chromosomes are difficult to prepare and visualize in members of the tribe Aedinii and thus there exists only indirect evidence of inversions. We constructed an F(1) intercross family using a P(1) female from a laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti aegypti (Aaa) and a P(1) male Aedes aegypti formosus (Aaf) from a strain collected from south-eastern Senegal. Recombination rates in the F(2) offspring were severely reduced and genotype ratios suggested a deleterious recessive allele on chromosome 3. The F(2) linkage map was incongruent in most respects with the established map for Aaa. Furthermore, no increased recombination was detected in F(5) offspring. Recombination rates and gene order were consistent with the presence in Aaf of at least four large inversions on chromosome 1, a single small inversion on chromosome 2 and three inversions on chromosome 3.
Low energy electron diffraction (LEED) spectra: aluminum

The intensities of low energy electron beams specularly and nonspecularly diffracted from {100}, {110} and {111} surfaces of aluminum have been measured in a display-type LEED system as functions of electron energy, angle of incidence and azimuthal angle. Several of the measured and normalized spectra are presented, and the procedures followed in aligning the sample, reducing stray magnetic fields, and collecting and normalizing the data are described.
Pharmacogenetic Analysis of Clinically Relevant Genetic Polymorphisms

The ascertainment of the human genome sequence has generated great enthusiasm for the use of gene-based approaches to improve virtually all aspects of medical care. Particular interest has focused on the field of pharmacogenetics--for example, the use of an individual's genetic profile to optimize drug prescription. This approach takes advantage of the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or other genetic variants in every gene in the human genome. There are currently > 9 million SNPs in the human SNP database dbSNP, with an estimated 11 million variants ultimately to be found in the human population. To date, the preponderance of interest in this field has centered on the potential of applying this approach to subacute or chronic illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, or rheumatologic disorders. In contrast, little attention has been devoted to the potential utility of implementing the pharmacogenomic methodology for guiding drug selection for acutely ill patients in the critical care environment. Although such an approach has theoretical appeal as a means of enhancing quality and improving outcomes in this setting, several obstacles currently exist and slow the progress toward clinical application.
A 14.5 fJ/cycle/k-gate, 0.33 V ECG processor in 45nm CMOS using statistical error compensation

A subthreshold ECG processor in IBM 45 nm SOI CMOS is designed to operate at the minimum energy operating point (MEOP). Statistical error compensation (SEC) is employed to further reduce energy (E min ) at the MEOP. SEC is shown to reduce E min by 28% compared to the conventional (error-free) case while maintaining acceptable beat-detection performance. SEC enables the supply voltage to be scaled to 15% below its critical value at MEOP, while compensating for a 58% pre-correction error rate p e . These results represent an improvement of 19× in beat-detection performance, and 600× in p e over conventional (error-free) systems. The prototype IC consumes 14.5 fJ/cycle/1k-gate and exhibits 4.7× better energy efficiency than the state-of-the-art while tolerating 16× more voltage variations.
Frequency Combs in Telecommunications Applications

State of the art parametric combs for transmission systems are discussed. Implementation capable of maintaining coherence across thousands of generated lines at a fraction of dissipation of discrete lasers is fully compliant with transmission requirements.
NY-BR-1 and PAX8 Immunoreactivity in Breast, Gynecologic Tract, and Other CK7+ Carcinomas Potential Use for Determining Site of Origin

The distinction between breast and mullerian carcinomas from each other and from tumors with a similar cytokeratin profile can be difficult. We tested the usefulness of 2 new markers, NY-BR-1 and PAX8, by staining a variety of breast and gynecologic carcinomas, along with tumors of pancreas, bile ducts, stomach, and gastroesophageal junction. NY-BR-1 expression (ie, H score >10) was seen in 58.4% of breast carcinomas (111/190), 5.6% of mullerian carcinomas (8/142), 7% of pancreatic tumors (1/15), 0% of cholangiocarcinomas (0/22), 0% of gastric tumors (0/36), and 0% of gastroesophageal carcinomas (0/25). All 188 breast carcinomas were negative for PAX8. PAX8 expression was seen in 72.4% of mullerian tumors (105/145). All pancreatic tumors (n = 15), cholangiocarcinomas (n = 23), and gastric (n = 35) and gastroesophageal junction (n = 25) carcinomas were negative for PAX8. Addition of NY-BR-1 and PAX8 in a panel would be useful in distinguishing breast cancer, gynecologic tumors, and tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Influencing Superiors' Perceptions: The Fudge Factor in Teacher and Principal Evaluation.

Studies of leadership in schools traditionally view the nature of power relationships as being top down in direction. This study looks at practices of evaluating teachers and principals to show that avenues for “fudging” various evaluation processes shape evaluators' decisions, providing a means for lower level participants in school organizations to exercise considerable influence over superiors.
Aggregate production planning — A survey of models and methodologies

Abstract Aggregate production planning (APP) involves the simultaneous determination of company's production, inventory and employment levels over a finite time horizon. Its objective is to minimize the total relevant costs while meeting non-constant, time varying demand, assuming fixed sales and production capacity. Despite numerous and varied solution techniques few have been implemented in industry. One problem with their implementation could be that little literature exists, outside of cursory textbook presentations and state-of-the-art summaries in 1967 and 1972 by Silver, which specifically summarizes the existing APP techniques into a simple classification scheme. In this paper we present a classification scheme that categorizes the literature on APP since early 1950, summarizing the various existing techniques into a framework depending upon their ability to either produce an exact optimal or near-optimal solution. The research literature that we compiled consisted of 140 journal articles and 14 books. The articles came from 17 different journals. It is intended to facilitate practitioners and researchers in finding the source work for existing methodologies, and to assist them in determining the suitability for implementation to their particular manufacturing problem and also to identify those areas that might require additional investigation and research.
Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: Historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization

The melanocortins (MCs) are a family of multifunctional peptidergic hormones. Several superpotent, prolonged acting, enzymatically resistant, MC analogs have been designed and synthesized to help clarify the nature and role of MCs and their receptors (MCRs) in physiological functions. Two of these analogs, a linear peptide, melanotan I, and a cyclic truncated peptide, melanotan II (MTI and MTII, respectively) have been patented and tested clinically for studies on tanning of the skin (MTI) and for diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction (MTII). A new MTII analog, PT-141 (Palatin Technologies) has initial phase I/II trials and is scheduled to enter pivotal stage III clinical trials leading to commercialization. MTI may provide a therapeutic tan with the potential to lower the risk of skin cancer. PT-141 may improve sexual functionality in both males and females.
Impaired Cardiac Energetics in Mice Lacking Muscle-Specific Isoenzymes of Creatine Kinase

Our purpose was to determine whether hearts from mice bioengineered to lack either the M isoform of creatine kinase (MCK-/- mice) or both the M and mitochondrial isoforms (M/MtCK-/- mice) have deficits in cardiac contractile function and energetics, which have previously been reported in skeletal muscle from these mice. The phenotype of hearts with deleted creatine kinase (CK) genes is of clinical interest, since heart failure is associated with decreased total CK activity and changes in the relative amounts of the CK isoforms in the heart. We measured isovolumic contractile performance in isolated perfused hearts from wild-type, MCK-/-, and M/MtCK-/- mice simultaneously with cardiac energetics (31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) at baseline, during increased cardiac work, and during recovery. Hearts from wild-type, MCK-/-, and M/MtCK-/- mice had comparable baseline function and responded to 10 minutes of increased heart rate and perfusate Ca2+ with similar increases in rate-pressure product (48+/-5%, 42+/-6%, and 51+/-6%, respectively). Despite a similar contractile response, M/MtCK-/- hearts increased [ADP] by 95%, whereas wild-type and MCK-/- hearts maintained [ADP] at baseline levels. The free energy released from ATP hydrolysis decreased by 3.6 kJ/mol in M/MtCK-/- hearts during increased cardiac work but only slightly in wild-type (1.7 kJ/mol) and MCK-/- (1.5 kJ/mol) hearts. In contrast to what has been reported in skeletal muscle, M/MtCK-/- hearts were able to hydrolyze and resynthesize phosphocreatine. Taken together, our results demonstrate that when CK activity is lowered below a certain level, increases in cardiac work become more "energetically costly" in terms of high-energy phosphate use, accumulation of ADP, and decreases in free energy released from ATP hydrolysis, but not in terms of myocardial oxygen consumption.