cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standard errors in mixture studies of tuberculous infection prevalence.

La determination du statut d'infection tuberculeuse grâce a des injections cutanees de 5 TU de tuberculine PPD-S est sujette a erreur. Certaines personnes veritablement infectees peuvent repondre par une induration cutanee faible et certains sujets non infectes par Mycobacterium tuberculosis peuvent presenter une grande induration. Rust et Thomas ont utilise les donnees provenant de 701.317 recrues de race blanche de la Marine des Etats Unis observees pendant la periode 1961-1968 pour decrire les distributions des dimensions d'induration parmi les infectes et les non-infectes et pour fournir des estimations de prevalence. Ici, les erreurs-standard de prevalence et les probabilites de dimensions d'induration sont presentees grâce a l'utilisation de la methode 'jack-knife'.
Disaster, degradation, dystopia

In this chapter we examine the contributions that the field of political ecology – with its focus on the mutually constitutive relationships between environments, cultures, politics and power – has made, and can continue to make, to a more nuanced understanding of disasters. Disaster research also contributes to political ecology insofar as it illuminates the complexity of relationships between environments and societies over space and time. Drawing from ethnographic examples and historical analysis, we situate epistemologies of disasters within broader analyses of scale-making, nature-culture dichotomies, the classification of disasters as “natural” or “social”, the interpretive dimensions of identity and the construction of self. The very definition of a situation as ‘disastrous’ or not varies with one’s political resources. Overall, we argue that political ecology frameworks pose new questions about the operation of power and politics in contexts of disasters, resulting in enriched understandings of the social experience of disasters. Ethnographic examples, like those presented in this chapter, illustrate the rich promise of continued work at the confluence of the fields of political ecology and disaster studies.
Distal fibula fracture fixation: Biomechanical evaluation of three different fixation implants

Abstract Background The goal of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of three distal fibula fracture fixation implants in a matched pair cadaveric fibula model: (1) a 5-hole compression plate with lag screw, (2) a 5-hole locking plate with lag screw, and (3) the 6-hole tabbed-plate with locking screws. Methods Three-dimensional motions between the proximal and distal fibular segments were measured under cyclic valgus bending, cyclic compressive axial loading, and cyclic torsional external-rotation loading. During loading, strains were measured on the surfaces of each fibula near the simulated fracture site, and on the plate, to assess load transfer. Bone quality was quantified globally for each donor using bone mineral density (BMD) measured using Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and locally at the fracture site using bone mineral content (BMC) measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Results Mean failure loads were below 0.2Nm of valgus bending and below 4Nm of external-rotational torque. Mean failure angulation was below 1degree for valgus bending, and failure rotation was below 7degrees for external-rotation. In the compression plate group, significant correlations were observed between bone quality (global BMD and local BMC) and strain in every one of the five locations (Pearson correlation coefficients >0.95, p Conclusions Overall, the tabbed-plate had similar construct stability and strength to the compression and locking plates. However, the distribution of load with the locking and tabbed-plates was not as heavily dependent on bone quality.
Oxytocin reduces food sharing in capuchin monkeys by modulating social distance

Recent evidence indicates that oxytocin plays an important role in promoting prosocial behaviour amongst humans and other species. We tested whether oxytocin affected cooperation and food-sharing in capuchin monkeys, a highly cooperative New World primate. Subjects received either 2IU oxytocin or an inert adjuvent intranasally prior to each session. Oxytocin influenced food sharing in capuchins in ways we did not anticipate. Recipients were less likely to passively acquire food from possessors when either individual had received OT than in the control, and also spent less time in proximity to their partner. Passive food sharing requires proximity, and oxytocin decreased the capuchins’ typical congregating behaviour, apparently resulting in decreased sharing. We propose that the likely mechanism for increased social distance is the known anxiolytic effect of oxytocin. Our results indicate a need to consider how oxytocin affects the context of interactions and interacts with modes of sociality unique to each species.
Notes on estimation of the proportion ratio in the presence of carryover effects under the AB/BA crossover trial

ABSTRACTThe authors focus discussion on estimation of the proportion ratio (PR) in the presence of residual effects under the AB/BA design. Under a random effects multiplicative risk model, we develop three point estimators and three interval estimators accounting for residual effects for the PR. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we compare the performance of these point (or interval) estimators with point (or interval) estimators assuming no residual effects with respect to the bias and mean-squared-error (or the coverage probability and average length). The authors use the data taken from an AB/BA trial comparing two new inhalation devices to illustrate the use of these estimators.
Gradient based nonuniform subsampling for information-theoretic alignment methods

We examine the computation of information-theoretic image registration metrics and propose two (deterministic and stochastic) nonuniform subsampling methods for improving the efficiency. The proposed schemes attempt to use only the most relevant information as the basis of the computation. Both methods are shown to yield considerable improvement over the current practice of uniform subsampling. Theoretical and experimental evidence is provided.
Performance prediction techniques for scalable large data processing in distributed MPI systems

Predicting performance of an application running on parallel computing platforms is increasingly becoming important due to the long development time of an application and the high resource management cost of parallel computing platforms. However, predicting overall performance is complex and must take into account both parallel calculation time and communication time. Difficulty in accurate performance modeling is compounded by myriad design choices along multiple dimensions, namely (i) process level parallelism, (ii) distribution of cores on multi-processor platforms, (iii) application related parameters, and (iv) characteristics of datasets. This research proposes a fast and accurate performance prediction approach to predict the calculation and communication time of an application running on a distributed computing platform. The major contribution of our prediction approach is that it can provide an accurate prediction of execution times for new datasets which have much larger sizes than the training datasets. Our approach consists of two models, i.e., a probabilistic self-learning model to predict calculation time and a simulation queuing model to predict network communication time. The combination of these two models provides data analysts a useful insight of optimal configuration of parallel resources (e.g., number of processes and number of cores) and application parameters setting.
Stakeholder enrolment and business network formation: a process perspective on technology innovation

Entrepreneurial healthcare firms rarely possess all requisite resources to successfully develop and deploy knowledge-intensive technological innovations. It is critical for such firms to understand, manage, and cultivate networks of partners to gain access to essential strategic resources and to shape the viability of resultant networks in a mutually beneficial way. Firms accomplish this through an intentional process of stakeholder enrolment under conditions of risk and uncertainty. This paper examines a multi-year case study about the development and deployment of a personal health management system (PHMS) within the US healthcare industry in order to illustrate how organisational goals shape stakeholder enrolment processes and how outcomes affect the way in which networks form, adapt, and evolve. This study integrates and draws upon business network adaptation and stakeholder enrolment processes to present a theoretical framework for conceptualising and understanding entrepreneurial networks for technological innovations.
The Detection and Isolation of a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide From the Echinoderm Cucumaria Frondosa

Microorganisms and their toxins are the cause of many diseases that harm multicellular organisms and the invertebrates are as susceptible to infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses as vertebrates (Marchalonis and Schluter, 1990). The invertebrates have developed highly effective immune systems for detecting and eliminating foreign invaders, consisting of both cellular and humoral/innate components (Bomanet al.1991).
Mitigating depression among orphaned and vulnerable adolescents: a randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for groups in South Africa.

Background Children and adolescents affected by HIV are at elevated risk of depression, yet research on related interventions in this population is scarce in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to examine the effects of interpersonal psychotherapy for groups (IPTG) on depressive symptomology among orphaned and vulnerable adolescents in South Africa. Method A cluster randomized controlled trial wherein adolescents ages 14–17 enrolled in community-based programming for HIV-affected and vulnerable families were randomly assigned by geographic cluster to participate in a 16-session IPTG intervention or the standard of care (n = 489). Baseline and postintervention surveys conducted with enrollees included standardized depression screening. Utilizing an intent-to-treat design, mixed effects models were performed to examine treatment effects for all participants and potential moderators including gender and baseline depression level (Clinical Trials registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02386878). Results While 23% of adolescents in the intervention group did not attend any IPTG sessions, average attendance was 12 out of 16 possible sessions among participants. The intervention was not associated with changes in depression symptomology. Conclusions Results underscore the importance of mitigating participation barriers prior to intervention roll-out and the need for increased evidence for psychological health interventions to mitigate depression among orphaned and vulnerable adolescents. This intervention and the study selectively targeted at-risk adolescents versus using diagnostic mental health criteria for enrollment; more research is needed to identify the potential benefits and disadvantages of these approaches.
Synthesis and characterization of chiral and achiral diamines containing one or two BODIPY molecules

The synthesis and characterization of one or two BODIPY fragments appended to four new chiral and one new achiral diamines is described. All of the examined BODIPY-appended diamines exhibit a quasireversible-irreversible reduction, with two reductions (separated by about 100 mV) observed in the case of diamines containing two BODIPY molecules. Only the BODIPY-appended ortho-phenylenediamines did not fluoresce under UV light. Computational analysis showed that the absence of fluorescence of the BODIPY-appended ortho-phenylenediamines is likely due to intramolecular quenching of the excited state electron within the phenylenediamine ligand. Computational analysis also showed that the incorporation of a BODIPY molecule greatly reduces the basicity of the amine center, by about 10–14 pKa units. The BODIPY moiety was found to be more electron withdrawing than a tosyl and a pentafluorophenyl group, suggesting why excess metals are needed in heavy metal sensor applications (heteroatom-appended BODIPYs = poor ligands). An improved procedure for the scalable synthesis (greater than three grams) of 8-methanethio-BODIPY, a common starting material for the generation of heteroatom-appended BODIPY molecules, is also described.
Predicting Chronic Climate-Driven Disturbances and Their Mitigation

Society increasingly demands the stable provision of ecosystem resources to support our population. Resource risks from climate-driven disturbances, including drought, heat, insect outbreaks, and wildfire, are growing as a chronic state of disequilibrium results from increasing temperatures and a greater frequency of extreme events. This confluence of increased demand and risk may soon reach critical thresholds. We explain here why extreme chronic disequilibrium of ecosystem function is likely to increase dramatically across the globe, creating no-analog conditions that challenge adaptation. We also present novel mechanistic theory that combines models for disturbance mortality and metabolic scaling to link size-dependent plant mortality to changes in ecosystem stocks and fluxes. Efforts must anticipate and model chronic ecosystem disequilibrium to properly prepare for resilience planning.
Theoretical contributions to biological control success

Ecologists have long tried, with little success, to develop ecological theory for biological control. Biological control illustrates how science often follows, rather than precedes, technological advances. A scientific theory of biological control remains a worthy and achievable goal. We need to (1) combine deductions from mathematical models with rigorous empiricism measuring and modeling the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental drivers on demography and population dynamics of real biological control systems in the field, (2) use a wider range of model systems to explore how population structure, movement, spatial heterogeneity, and external environmental conditions influence population and community dynamics, and (3) combine deductive and inductive approaches to address the day-to-day concerns of biocontrol scientists including how to rear and release a control organism, suppress the target organism, and minimize harm to non-target organisms. Further progress will require more fundamental research in population and community ecology directly relevant to biological control.
Is the simple trading range break-out rule profitable from the NASDAQ index?

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the profitability from various simple trading range break-out rules on the NASDAQ index. Design/methodology/approach Runs test is used to test whether the returns from every other days on buy and sell days are random. If they are not random, then the Student T-test will not be applicable to test the predictive power for profitability from the simple trading range break-out rules on the NASDAQ index. Findings Empirical study in this paper shows that the returns on buy and sell days are not random via runs test. Therefore, the simple trading range break-out rules cannot lead to the conclusion that they have the predictive power for profitability from the T-test. Applying the simple trading range break-out rule to NASDAQ does not support or overturn the market efficiency hypothesis. Research limitations/implications The study is only based on the five simple trading range break-out rules from 9,311 daily closing prices on the NASDAQ over the period of February 5, 1971 to December 12, 2007. It can serve as a counter example for other studies about the predictive power of profitability from different trading rules. Practical implications Contrary to numerous previous research works, the study shows that the simple trading range break-out rules have no predictive power for profitability, and should not be used to test the market efficiency. Originality/value Based on the literature review, the study is one of the first empirical studies showing the returns on buy and sell days are not independent, and the authors cannot conclude that the trading range break-out rules have the predictive power for profitability on the NASDAQ index.
Long-term selection of chickens for body weight alters muscle satellite cell behaviors

Muscle satellite cells (SC) are resident stem-like cells that play an integral role in skeletal muscle growth and repair. Understanding how SC maintain their identities and dynamic properties is critical to animal growth. However, the genetic and environmental factors governing SC behaviors and the underpinning mechanisms remain unknown. To explore whether genetic selection influences SC behaviors, we used 2 lines of chickens selected for over 50 generations with over a 10-fold difference in body weight at 56 d of age-the Virginia high weight selection (HWS) and low weight selection (LWS) lines. To study these 2 lines, we performed both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vivo, we studied the abundance of SC in normal physiological settings and tested their functional roles in muscle regeneration using a muscle injury model. In vitro, we isolated SC from chicken skeletal muscle and assayed their ability to proliferate and differentiate under cultured conditions. Immunohistochemical staining of breast muscle (pectoralis major) revealed that muscle fibers from HWS chickens possessed more SC than those from LWS. Further analysis showed that the SC pool from HWS muscles contained a higher percentage of activated SC compared to that of LWS. When isolated SC from HWS and LWS muscles were cultured, HWS SC exhibited greater abilities to proliferate and differentiate than those SC from LWS. To test whether the observed in vitro differences in SC properties could be confirmed in vivo, we subjected chicken breast muscle to barium chloride to induce muscle injury and regeneration. Consistent with in vitro data, breast muscle in HWS chicken experienced a faster and more robust recovery than that of LWS, as evidenced by quicker regeneration and larger muscle fiber size. Taken together, these findings suggest divergent selection for body weight not only results in correlated responses in SC number, but also changes SC growth kinetics. Further dissection of the molecular mechanism will aid the identification of the target molecules for growth intervention in chickens.
Risk of new-onset diabetes among patients treated with statins according to hypertension and gender: Results from a nationwide health-screening cohort

Background Statins have been known to increase the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); however, other factors, especially hypertension, are also associated with DM development. Objective We investigated whether statin use increases the risk of DM and further analyzed whether the relation between statin use and incident DM differs according to the presence of hypertension and gender. Methods From a nationwide health-screening cohort, 40,164 participants with total cholesterol levels ≥eve mg/dL and without pre-diagnosed DM, cardiovascular disease, or cancer, who underwent a series of regular health check-ups, were enrolled. Statin users were defined as participants who were prescribed statins more than twice during 6 months. Results There were 17,798 statin non-users and 22,366 statin users. During 7.66±3.21 years of follow-up, incident DM developed in 5.68% of statin non-users and 7.64% of statin users. Among the entire study population, statin use was associated with new-onset DM after adjusting for clinical risk factors. In sub-analysis according to hypertension, statin use significantly increased the risk of incident DM only in normotensive patients [hazard ratio (HR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09 to 1.58, p = 0.004], and not in hypertensive patients (p>0.05). Furthermore, continuous statin use was strongly associated with new-onset DM in women, regardless of hypertension presence (all p 0.05). Conclusions Statin use increased the risk of new-onset DM only in normotensive patients and hypertensive women, suggesting that these groups should be more carefully monitored for the development of DM during the course of follow-up.
Dense and Complete Orders

This chapter introduces some basic topological notions in the context of orders, and then develops the theories of dense orders and complete orders in a general setting. We cover Cantor’s theorem on countable dense linear orders, Dedekind completeness and completions, order characterization of R, connectedness and the intermediate value theorems for linear continuums, and the perfect set theorem for complete orders.
PIB PET 3-site stability study

186 Objectives: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients may be good candidates for anti-amyloid therapy as many develop Alzheimer’s disease. Drug trials involve multiple sites and compare pre- and post-treatment states over several years. In an effort to develop multi-site protocols, Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) PET amyloid imaging studies (test-retest and 1 year follow-up) are ongoing at 3 sites: Washington University (WU), University of Pittsburgh (Pitt), and University of Michigan (UM). This work summarizes test-retest results for control (CON) and MCI subjects. Methods: All sites used an ECAT HR+ scanner (10-15 mCi PIB, standardized 90 min protocol). Test-retest scans were performed in 14 CON and 11 MCI subjects (WU: 5 CON2 MCI; Pitt: 4 CON, 3 MCI; UM: 5 CON, 6 MCI) on one day (n=16, WU and UM) or within 21 days (n=9, UP and UM). Data were analyzed at Pitt. Region-of-interest sampling and atrophy correction were performed using coregistered MR data. ROIs included posterior cingulate/precuneus (PRC) and mesial temporal (MTC) cortices, sub-cortical white matter (SWM) and cerebellum (CER; non-specific binding reference). Distribution volume ratio (DVR) measures of PIB retention were determined via the Logan method (CER input). Results: Nonspecific standardized uptake values in CER (CON=0.65±0.15; MCI=0.61±0.10) and DVR for SWM (CON=1.70±0.35; MCI=1.78±0.22) were similar across sites and groups. All test data compared well across sites. Cortical PIB retention for 2 controls (1 WU, 1 Pitt) was elevated (30-50%) relative to other controls. MCI cortical retention varied from control to AD levels. Test-retest variation was similar across sites and subject groups with average absolute differences (Retest-Test/Test) of 4-8% in PRC and somewhat greater variation (8-11%) in areas of lower retention (e.g., MTC). Conclusions: Consistent measures of PIB retention and test-retest variation are achievable across sites. The results are promising in view of the requirements of multi-site therapy studies that use different scanner types and include additional sources of variation. Research Support (if any): Dana Foundation and P50 AG05133
Cluster Analysis Based on Posets

When dissimilarities are measured in a space other than the reals, it is argued that previous models for cluster analysis are not adequate. Possible new models will be explored. It is also shown that formal concept analysis may be viewed as a special case of a Boolean dissimilarity coefficient. A persistent underlying theme involves generalized notions of adjoints of order preserving mappings between posets.
An Introduction and Overview of Why Families Matter in the Intensive Care Unit

Family is defined by the individual or surrogate, and are individuals who provide support and with whom the patient has a significant relationship. Family members in the intensive care unit (ICU) are under immense psychological strain, including stress, anxiety, and depression. They are also sleep deprived. ICU patients’ loved ones may develop maladaptive coping or barriers to cognitive processing as a result. This constellation can be recognized as the Family ICU Syndrome. While, traditionally, efforts to engage families have stressed clinician communication, an approach that acknowledges the new challenges faced by these families is needed. Supporting and engaging families not only helps them, but also improves the clinical outcomes of their loved ones.
Numerical Simulation of M9 Megathrust Earthquakes in the Cascadia Subduction Zone

We estimate ground motions in the Pacific Northwest urban areas during M9 subduction scenario earthquakes on the Cascadia megathrust by simulating wave propagation from an ensemble of kinematic source descriptions. Velocities and densities in our computational mesh are defined by integrating the regional Cascadia Community Velocity Model (CVM) v1.6 (Stephenson et al. P-and S-wave velocity models incorporating the Cascadia subduction zone for 3D earthquake ground motion simulations—update for open-file report 2007–1348, US Geological Survey, 2017) including the ocean water layer with a local velocity model of the Georgia basin (Molnar, Predicting earthquake ground shaking due to 1D soil layering and 3D basin structure in SW British Columbia, Canada, 2011), including additional near-surface velocity information. We generate six source realizations, each consisting of a background slip distribution with correlation lengths, rise times and rupture velocities consistent with data from previous megathrust earthquakes (e.g., 2011 M 9 Tohoku or 2010 M 8.8 Maule). We then superimpose M ~ 8 subevents, characterized by short rise times and high stress drops on the background slip model to mimic high-frequency strong ground motion generation areas in the deeper portion of the rupture (Frankel, Bull Seismol Soc Am 107(1):372–386, 2017). The wave propagation is simulated using the discontinuous mesh (DM) version of the AWP finite difference code. We simulate frequencies up to 1.25 Hz, using a spatial discretization of 100 m in the fine grid, resulting in surface grid dimensions of 6540 × 10,728 mesh points. At depths below 8 km, the grid step increases to 300 m. We obtain stable and accurate results for the DM method throughout the simulation time of 7.5 min as verified against a solution obtained with a uniform 100 m grid spacing. Peak ground velocities (PGVs) range between 0.57 and 1.0 m/s in downtown Seattle and between 0.25 and 0.54 m/s in downtown Vancouver, while spectral accelerations at 2 s range between 1.7 and 3.6 m/s2 and 1.0 and 1.3 m/s2, respectively. These long-period ground motions are not significantly reduced if plastic Drucker-Prager yielding in shallow cohesionless sediments is taken into account. Effects of rupture directivity are significant at periods of ~ 10 s, but almost absent at shorter periods. We find that increasing the depth extent of the subducting slab from the truncation at 60 km in the Cascadia CVM version 1.6 to ~ 100 km increases the PGVs by 15% in Seattle and by 40% in Vancouver.
High Temperature Fatigue Crack Growth in Titanium Microstructures

Titanium alloys are interesting to several industrial applications including transportation and biotechnology’s, aerospace designers having been particularly interested because of the combination of their fatigue and time-dependent mechanical properties, good formability, high specific properties due to a relatively low density, and high resistance to aggressive environmental and impact loads. Titanium based alloys represent 30% and 40% of the total mass in commercial and military engines, respectively, a considerable amount of this mass being devoted to high temperature rotating disc and blade components.
Linkage disequilibrium mapping of high-throughput image-derived descriptors of plant architecture traits under field conditions

Abstract Plant architectural traits are important factors in determining grain and biomass productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench). However, collecting data on these architectural traits is labor-intensive and time-consuming, especially when using numerous lines in quantitative genetic studies or breeding programs. Therefore, we used the high-throughput field-based robotic platform PhenoBot 1.0 to collect whole canopy stereo images from a large association mapping panel under field conditions. These images were used to create a plot-based 3D reconstruction of the canopy from which phenotypic features were automatically extracted. These features included: plot-based plant height (PPH), plot-based plant width (PPW), plant surface area (PSA), and convex-hull volume (CHV). A small sub-set of sorghum lines were used to obtain ground-truth measurements to validate the image-derived descriptors, and determine their biological significance. PPH was highly correlated with manually measured plant height; PPW correlated with SinAL, defined as leaf length multiplied by the sine of its angle; PSA was associated with manually measured total plant surface area; and CHV was a function of both flag-leaf height and SinAL. Association mapping of PPH identified chromosomal regions containing known plant height genes, confirming the accuracy of the automatic feature extraction process. For the other phenotypic features, significant markers were identified within genomic regions that have been previously reported to control plant architectural characteristics in sorghum such as tiller number, shoot compactness, leaf length, surface area, and angle. The image processing method used in this study contributes new knowledge to the development of high-throughput phenotyping techniques and represents a novel tool for plant breeders.
Interfacial Engineering Enabled Novel Bi-Based Layered Oxide Supercells with Modulated Microstructures and Tunable Physical Properties

Two-dimensional layered materials hold great significance to fundamental scientific research and future nanoscale device applications. Besides the well-studied graphene and dichalcogenides, oxide-based layered materials are another family attracting significant research interests, for example, the Bi-based Bi3Fe2Mn2O10-δ layered supercell (called BFMO322 SC) structure. BFMO322 SC is an excellent room-temperature multiferroic material, but its growth mechanism is unclear. In this work, Bi2Fe1–xMnxO6 thin films with different Fe/Mn molar ratios were deposited on CeO2 buffer layers by pulsed laser deposition. By varying the Fe/Mn molar ratios, it has been determined that Mn can favor the growth of Bi-based layered structures, while Fe cannot facilitate the growth. A series of novel layered supercell structures can be obtained by manipulating the growth kinetics at the substrate/film interface, as achieved by precisely controlling the growth conditions. More interestingly, the magnetization and optical band g...
Analysis of Twitter to Identify Topics Related to Eating Disorder Symptoms

Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses associated with physical and psychiatric problems, and premature death. Examining social media communication about ED symptoms may provide insight into how to prevent and treat these disorders. This study is to explore topics on Twitter related to EDs. We applied the Correlation Explanation (CorEx) topic model on 18,288 ED-related tweets and identified 20 topics, which were further grouped into 8 categories. The top two topic categories are body image and ED consequences. We manually evaluated the relevance of tweets to their assigned topics and average accuracy is 77.86%. Our findings are consistent with another study using content analysis, and we identified additional topics, such as ED consequences, pornography, and treatment and education from these tweets.
Naturalistic conceptions of genetic optimism and precision psychiatry among those at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

AIM Fuelled by genomics advances, recent emphasis on the concept of "precision medicine," and public optimism towards genetic advances, it is important to understand how those who are considered to be at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) perceive possible benefits of genetic testing to inform future stakeholder education efforts. METHODS Semistructured interviews were completed with 20 participants who met CHR criteria. Coding for genetic optimism was completed. RESULTS Participants endorsed many conceptualizations of the link between genetics, the development of psychosis, and the benefits of genetic testing. Specifically, themes emerged surrounding how genetic testing may lead to greater genetic knowledge and tailored treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that CHR participants generally endorse several precision psychiatry concepts, including how genetic testing may lead to tailored treatment advances. This knowledge may aid development of best communication practices regarding forthcoming genetic advances in diagnosis and treatment among CHR.
Response to Letter to the Editor of the International Journal of Psychoanalysis.

I thank August Baker for his thoughtful letter but I think it fails to understand my essay in two important dimensions, the meaning of rationality and the significance of the Sabbath analogy. First...
Late massive radial artery pseudoaneurysm following cardiac catheterization: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Transradial artery approach for cardiac catheterization was first introduced in the late 1980s and has now become the approach of choice due to its anatomical advantage, reduction in complications, and overall improved patient experience. Case presentation We present a case of a 77 year-old female who presented with an extremely rare and late complication of radial artery pseudoaneurysm after transradial coronary intervention. The patient presented at a post-procedural follow-up with severe pain at the radial access site and was found to have a partially thrombosed pseudoaneurysm. Given the anatomical variance of the pseudoaneurysm, the patient underwent successful open surgical repair. Clinical discussion Although radial artery access is a relatively safe approach in comparison to the transfemoral approach, the risk of adverse events still exists. Among the complications of the transradial approach, pseudoaneurysms are relatively rare, occurring in less than 0.1% of cases. Regardless, early identification of this complication is essential to timely intervention. Conclusion Our case highlights the importance of post procedural monitoring and early identification and diagnosis of the complication to facilitate appropriate therapy.
The impact of covid-19 on the pharmaceutical supply chain

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the everyday lives of people and businesses around the world, and a field greatly affected has been the United States pharmaceutical supply chain. This global pandemic has made preexisting issues within the supply chain’s structure more glaring than before with people’s lives being at risk. Demand for drugs is at least equivalent and likely higher in this current health setting. If companies are not providing the appropriate medications to their customers, then it can be the difference between life and death for some. To investigate the challenges behind the supply chain, the analysis was focused on problems before COVID-19, such as the lack of transparency, burdensome regulations, and logistical issues due to improper distribution. An investigation on how COVID-19 has impacted each specific part of the pharmaceutical supply chain leads to a discussion on what recommendations could be implemented to fix the presented issues. The U.S. pharmaceutical supply chain is a complex, global system that has become increasingly more challenging to navigate because of COVID-19. Shortages need to be mitigated, and the inevitability of a future vaccine for the virus needs to follow a proper logistics and distribution model to ensure its success. © IEOM Society International.
The association between protease inhibitors and anal cancer outcomes in veterans living with HIV treated with definitive chemoradiation: a retrospective study.

Background The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma has been increasing, particularly in people living with HIV (PLWH). There is concern that radiosensitizing drugs, such as protease inhibitors, commonly used in the management of HIV, may increase toxicities in patients undergoing chemoradiation. This study examines treatment outcomes and toxicities in PLWH managed with and without protease inhibitors who are receiving chemoradiation for anal cancer. Methods Patient demographic, HIV management, and cancer treatment information were extracted from multiple Veterans Affairs databases. Patients were also manually chart reviewed. Among PLWH undergoing chemoradiation for anal carcinoma, therapy outcomes and toxicities were compared between those treated with and without protease inhibitors at time of cancer treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square, Cox regression analysis, and logistic regression. Results A total of 219 PLWH taking anti-retroviral therapy undergoing chemoradiation for anal cancer were identified and included in the final analysis. The use of protease inhibitors was not associated with any survival outcome including colostomy-free survival, progression-free survival, or overall survival (all adjusted hazard ratio p-values> 0.05). Regarding toxicity, protease inhibitor use was not associated with an increased odds of hospitalizations or non-hematologic toxicities; however, protease inhibitor use was associated with increased hospitalizations for hematologic toxicities, including febrile neutropenia (p < 0.01). Conclusion The use of protease inhibitors during chemoradiation for anal carcinoma was not associated with any clinical outcome or increase in non-hematologic toxicity. Their use was associated with increased hospitalizations for hematologic toxicities. Further prospective research is needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of protease inhibitors for patients undergoing chemoradiation.
Measurement of Nontechnical Skills During Robotic-Assisted Surgery Using Sensor-Based Communication and Proximity Metrics.

This cohort study uses sensor-based communication and proximity metrics to assess surgeon nontechnical skills during robotic-assisted surgery.
A visual approach to sketched symbol recognition

There is increasing interest in building systems that can automatically interpret hand-drawn sketches. However, many challenges remain in terms of recognition accuracy, robustness to different drawing styles, and ability to generalize across multiple domains. To address these challenges, we propose a new approach to sketched symbol recognition that focuses on the visual appearance of the symbols. This allows us to better handle the range of visual and stroke-level variations found in freehand drawings. We also present a new symbol classifier that is computationally efficient and invariant to rotation and local deformations. We show that our method exceeds state-of-the-art performance on all three domains we evaluated, including handwritten digits, PowerPoint shapes, and electrical circuit symbols.
Extensible Denotational Language Specifications

Traditional denotational semantics assigns radically different meanings to one and the same phrase depending on the rest of the programming language. If the language is purely functional, the denotation of a numeral is a function from environments to integers. But, in a functional language with imperative control operators, a numeral denotes a function from environments and continuations to integers. This paper introduces a new format for denotational language specifications, extended direct semantics, that accommodates orthogonal extensions of a language without changing the denotations of existing phrases. An extended direct semantics always maps a numeral to the same denotation: the injection of the corresponding number into the domain of values. In general, the denotation of a phrase in a functional language is always a projection of the denotation of the same phrase in the semantics of an extended language—no matter what the extension is. Based on extended direct semantics, it is also possible to construct interpreters for complete languages by composing interpreters for language fragments.
Prefrontal–Temporal Circuitry for Episodic Encoding and Subsequent Memory

Humans encounter and form memories for multiple types of experiences that differ in content, novelty, and memorability. Critical for understanding memory is determining (1) how the brain supports the encoding of events with differing content and (2) whether neural regions that are sensitive to novelty also influence whether stimuli will be subsequently remembered. This event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study crossed content (picture/word), novelty (novel/repeated), and subsequent memory (remembered/forgotten) to examine prefrontal and temporal lobe contributions to encoding. Results revealed three patterns of encoding-related activation in anatomically connected inferior prefrontal and lateral temporal structures that appeared to vary depending on whether visuospatial/visuo-object, phonological/lexical, or semantic attributes were processed. Event content also modulated medial temporal lobe activity; word encoding predominately activated the left hemisphere, whereas picture encoding activated both hemispheres. Critically, in prefrontal and temporal regions that were modulated by novelty, the magnitude of encoding activation also predicted whether an event would be subsequently remembered. These results suggest that (1) regions that demonstrate a sensitivity to novelty may actively support encoding processes that impact subsequent explicit memory and (2) multiple content-dependent prefrontal–temporal circuits support event encoding. The similarities between prefrontal and lateral temporal encoding responses raise the possibility that prefrontal modulation of posterior cortical representations is central to encoding.
Panchromatic polymer–polymer ternary solar cells enhanced by Förster resonance energy transfer and solvent vapor annealing

Thanks to the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) feature of polymer solar cells (PSC), additional light active components can be added with ease to form ternary solar cells. This strategy has achieved great success largely due to expanded spectral response range and improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) without incurring excessive processing costs. Here, we report ternary blend polymer–polymer solar cells comprised of PTB7, P3HT, and PC71BM with PCE as high as 8.2%. Analyses of femtosecond time resolved photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy data confirm that P3HT is effective in transferring energy non-radiatively by inducing excitons and prolonging their overall lifetime in PTB7. Furthermore, solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment was employed to rectify the overly-coarse morphology, thus enhancing the fill factor, reducing interfacial recombination, and boosting the PCE to 8.7%.
Declining Reservation Wages and Learning

Empirical studies of job search strongly suggest that the reservation wages of unemployed job seeking individuals decline with the length of their respective unemployment spells. Previous explanations of this behaviour based on age-effects, liquidity constraints, and limited unemployment benefits are not adequate. We provide a new answer to this question, based on the reasonable assumption that workers do not have precise knowledge of the distribution of the prevailing wages. An individual model of job search and learning is formulated. It is shown that the declining trend of reservation wages naturally arises due to the selection process, when search costs are not too small. The example of a normal wage offer distribution is analysed and the implications are discussed.
Information capacities for optical communications: Conventional versus quantum reception

The degree to which the ultimate, Holevo capacities for a variety of bosonic communication channels can exceed the Shannon capacities achievable with conventional heterodyne, homodyne, and direct detection is reviewed.
Congenital muscular dystrophy and generalized epilepsy caused by GMPPB mutations

Abstract The alpha-dystroglycanopathies are genetically heterogeneous muscular dystrophies that result from hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG). Alpha-dystroglycan is an essential link between the extracellular matrix and the muscle fiber sarcolemma, and proper glycosylation is critical for its ability to bind to ligands in the extracellular matrix. We sought to identify the genetic basis of alpha-dystroglycanopathy in a family wherein the affected individuals presented with congenital muscular dystrophy, brain abnormalities and generalized epilepsy. We performed whole exome sequencing and identified compound heterozygous GMPPB mutations in the affected children. GMPPB is an enzyme in the glycosylation pathway, and GMPPB mutations were recently linked to eight cases of alpha-dystroglycanopathy with a range of symptoms. We identified a novel mutation in GMPPB (p.I219T) as well as a previously published mutation (p.R287Q). Thus, our work further confirms a role for GMPPB defects in alpha-dystroglycanopathy, and suggests that glycosylation may play a role in the neuronal membrane channels or networks involved in the physiology of generalized epilepsy syndromes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled RNA Metabolism 2013.
The development of the ovary in the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis (acrididae; orthoptera)

Each indifferent genital rudiment in the grasshopper embryo is composed of the following: (1) a terminal filament membrane; (2) an epithelial plate of indifferent cells, the dorsal cell mass; (3) the central cell mass containing germ and indifferent cells; (4) the ventral cell strand, and, (5) a delicate, investing membrane, the outer limiting membrane. It is roughly spindle-shaped in transverse section and extends from the first to the eighth abdominal segments. In the sexual differentiation of the genital rudiment the dorsal cell mass is retained as a definite embryonic rudiment in the female, but becomes an indistinguishable part of the central cell mass in the male. Ovarian development is initiated in the dorsal cell mass area, where cell aggregations are formed. Each aggregation is ultimately surrounded by the ingrowing outer limiting membrane to form distinct cellular columns. A latero-ventrad extension of this ingrowing process into the central cell mass continues the column formation process into the latter and results in the formation of a distally tapering structure composed of indifferent cells distad and germ cells and indifferent cells proximad. This structure constitutes the rudimentary ovariole which finally differentiates to form the terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium. The ovarian portion of the oviduct and the tubular connection between the ovariole and oviduct are differentiated from the ventral cell strand.
Quality of Life Change and Individual Differences in Stimulus Screening in Relation to Incidence of Illness

Summary.-A considerable amount of evidence indicates that a high rate of life changes-a source of continued and unavoidable arousal-is detrimental to health and psychological well-being. The present study hypothesized that sustained high-arousal states are unpreferred and that the persistence of unpreferred emotional states is harmful. Using a conceptual framework for a comprehensive description of emotional states and the differential preferences for these, it is possible to make more precise predictions on the illness consequences of emotionally unpreferred life changes. Particular hypotheses which received support were that more arousing life changes are more conducive to illness; that among the more arousing life changes, unpleasant changes are associated with more illness than pleasant ones; that unpleasant life changes are more detrimental to health when combined with dominance-inducing life changes; and that arousing life changes are particularly harmful to more arousable (nonscreening) individuals.