cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Relational Trajectory Beliefs as a Consequence of Typicality and Necessity Ratings of Relationship Behaviors.

Relationship trajectory beliefs were regressed on typicality and necessity ratings of behaviors that characterize developing and deteriorating romantic relationships. Distinctions between typicality and necessity of relational behaviors are important because interpersonal needs may not be satisfied in a relationship to the degree that a behavior that seems necessary is not being enacted. A series of multiple regression equations were analyzed in which typicality and necessity ratings were used to predict trajectory beliefs and number of intimate relationships a person had been in. The data revealed a variety of significant predictors. For example, the atypicality of intimate disclosure predicted beliefs that relationships develop through a set pattern. Support was found for social exchange theory assumptions of assessing comparison alternatives while a relationship is declining.
Restoration of urban salt marshes: Lessons from southern California

Extensive restoration efforts in southern California coastal wetlands highlight several challenges for urban salt marsh restoration, including: habitat isolation and fragmentation, impacts from exotic species, the loss of transitional upland habitats, and other alterations to hydrologic and sediment dynamics. Habitat isolation impairs colonization by dispersal-limited plants, so planting becomes essential to achieve diverse salt marshes. Low species richness slows the development of salt marsh functions (e.g., biomass and nitrogen accumulation) in southern California. A variety of exotic species have invaded the upper reaches of salt marshes in southern California, most commonly in marshes with hydrological modifications. The replacement of gradual slopes between wetlands and uplands by sharp transitions abutting urban development limits our ability to restore rare plant and animal populations. Where hydrologic connections are impaired by roads and other structures, the natural migration of channels is constrained, and sediment dynamics often lead to lagoon mouth closure. A case study from Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve (hereafter, Tijuana Estuary) further illustrates a specific lesson for urban salt marsh restoration concerning watershed issues and sediment dynamics. In the south arm of Tijuana Estuary, watershed urbanization, along with local climate, topography, and soils, has resulted in extreme rates of sediment accumulation. Sedimentation rates in a salt marsh in the south arm of the estuary ranged from 10 to 30 cm over a single winter (1994–95), substantially greater than historic sedimentation rates in the estuary or rates from other coastal wetlands with storm sedimentation. Sediment buried salt marsh vegetation in place and is converting intertidal salt marsh to uplands. These impacts illustrate the need to consider watershed issues and sediment control in managing and restoring urban salt marshes.
Long-term results of renal transplantation in children

Long-term results of renal transplantation in children. The results of renal transplantation in 37 children, 3 through 16 years of age, who received transplants prior to June, 1970 in our center, were examined Twenty-three received kidneys from living-related donors and 14 received kidneys from cadaver donors. Patient survival rates were 78% at 10 years and 68% at 20 to 26 years. Graft survival rates were 56% at 10 years, 31% at 20 years, and 23% at 22 to 26 years. Twenty children received on or more retransplahts. At follow-up, 23 (62%) of the patients had functioning grafts and two (5%) were undergoing dialysis. Cataracts, hypertension, and aseptic necrosis of bone were the most common medical complications and most of the patients were more than two standard deviations below average height. Most enjoyed good rehabilitation, however: more than 70% were employed or performing full time housework, more than 50% were married, 24% had children, and all had normal activity at least part of the time. These results, achieved with immunosuppressive methods now considered obsolete, indicate that renal transplantation is a satisfactory long-term treatment for children with renal failure.
The effects of myotoxin from midget faded rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis concolor) venom on neonatal rat myotubes in cell culture

Neonatal rat myoblasts were isolated and grown in culture until they fused into multinucleated myotubes. A small percentage of the myotubes showed spontaneous contractions when maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. Incubation of mature myotubes (at least 3 days after fusion) with myotoxin II from Crotalus viridis concolor venom at a concentration as low as 18.5 nM caused a marked increase in the number of myotubes demonstrating contractile activity. The increase was apparent within 24 hr of myotoxin application. The response of the myotubes appeared to be specific since, of the proteins tested, only native myotoxins caused the increase in contractile activity. This tissue culture system offers a rapid screening assay that requires less time and fewer animals than the assays currently in use for determining myotoxic activity.
Technological change in the wine market? The role of QR codes and wine apps in consumer wine purchases

As an experiential good, wine purchases in the absence of tastings are often challenging and information-laden decisions. Technology has shaped the way consumers negotiate this complex purchase process. Using a sample of 631 US wine consumers, this research aims to identify the role of mobile applications and QR codes in the wine purchase decision. Results suggest that wine consumers that consider themselves wine connoisseurs or experts, enjoy talking about wine, and are interested in wine that is produced locally, organically, or sustainably are more likely to employ technology in their wine purchase decision. While disruption appears to have occurred on the supply side (number of wine applications available and the number of wine labels with a QR code), this research suggests that relatively little change is occurring on the demand side (a relatively small segment of the population—those already interested in wine—are employing the technology to aid in their purchase decision).
The Effect of Prior Cutting Conditions on the Shear Mechanics of Orthogonal Machining

It has been proposed several times in the metal-cutting literature that the machining process is non-unique and that the instantaneous machining conditions depend on the prior machining conditions (e.g. depth of cut, rake angle etc.). To evaluate the validity of this concept, a series of experiments was conducted using a highly accurate CNC machining center. For these experiments, the machining conditions were changed during the course of an orthogonal cutting experiment in a repeatable manner and the measured forces compared as a function of prior history. Tests were conducted on several tempers of 1100 aluminum and commercial purity zinc to evaluate the effect of material properties on the machining response. It was found that the change in measured cutting forces which could be ascribed to prior machining history was less than 3 percent and that material properties, particularly work hardening response, had no discernible effect on the magnitude of the difference.
Predictors and Patterns of Recurrence After Definitive Chemoradiation for Anal Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate patterns of locoregional failure, and predictors of recurrence and survival in patients treated with chemoradiation for anal cancer. Methods and Materials: Between September 1992 and August 2004, 167 patients with nonmetastatic squamous cell anal carcinoma were treated with definitive chemoradiation. The median dose of radiotherapy was 5500 cGy. Concurrent chemotherapy was given with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in 117 patients, 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in 24 patients, and other regimens in 26 patients. Results: The estimated 3-year rates of locoregional control, distant control, disease-free survival, and overall survival were 81%, 88%, 67%, and 84%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that higher T stage and N stage independently predicted for a higher rate of locoregional failure; higher N stage and basaloid subtype independently predicted for a higher rate of distant metastasis; and higher N stage and positive human immunodeficiency virus status independently predicted for a lower rate of overall survival. Among the patients who had locoregional failure, 18 (75%) had failure involving the anus or rectum, 5 (21%) had other pelvic recurrences, and 1 (4%) had inguinal recurrence. The 5 pelvic recurrences all occurred in patients with the superior border of the radiotherapy field at the bottom of the sacroiliac joint. Conclusions: Trials of more aggressive and innovative locoregional and systemic therapies are warranted in high-risk patients, based on their T and N stages. The majority of locoregional failures involve the anus and rectum, whereas inguinal recurrences occur rarely. Placing the superior border of the radiotherapy field at L5/S1 could potentially reduce pelvic recurrences.
Exact-to-precision generalized perturbation theory for neutron transport calculation

This manuscript extends the exact-to-precision generalized perturbation theory (E{sub P}GPT), introduced previously, to neutron transport calculation whereby previous developments focused on neutron diffusion calculation only. The E{sub P}GPT collectively denotes new developments in generalized perturbation theory (GPT) that place premium on computational efficiency and defendable accuracy in order to render GPT a standard analysis tool in routine design and safety reactor calculations. EPGPT constructs a surrogate model with quantifiable accuracy which can replace the original neutron transport model for subsequent engineering analysis, e.g. functionalization of the homogenized few-group cross sections in terms of various core conditions, sensitivity analysis and uncertainty quantification. This is achieved by reducing the effective dimensionality of the state variable (i.e. neutron angular flux) by projection onto an active subspace. Confining the state variations to the active subspace allows one to construct a small number of what is referred to as the 'active' responses which are solely dependent on the physics model rather than on the responses of interest, the number of input parameters, or the number of points in the state phase space. (authors)
Stoneley-wave attenuation and dispersion in permeable formations

The tube wave, or low‐frequency manifestation of the Stoneley wave, has been modeled previously using the quasi‐static approximation; I extend this method to include the effect of the formation matrix compressibility, which tends to marginally increase the tube‐wave attenuation. Using the Biot theory of poroelasticity, I develop a fully dynamic description of the Stoneley wave. The dispersion relation derived from Biot’s equations reduces in the low‐frequency limit to the quasi‐static dispersion relation. Comparisons of the quasi‐static and dynamic theories for typical sandstones indicate the former to be a good approximation to at least 1 kHz for oil and water infiltration. At higher frequencies, usually between 5 and 20 kHz for the formations considered, a maximum in the Stoneley Q is predicted by the dynamic theory. This phenomenon cannot be explained by the quasi‐static approximation, which predicts a constantly increasing Q with frequency. Instead, the peak in Q may be understood as a transition from...
Simulating near-road reactive dispersion of gaseous air pollutants using a three-dimensional Eulerian model

In this study, the TAMNROM-3D model, a 3D Eulerian near-road air quality model with vehicle induced turbulence parameterization and a MOVES based emission preprocessor, is tested using near-road gaseous pollutants data collected near a rural freeway with 34% heavy duty vehicle traffic. Exhaust emissions of gasses from the vehicles are estimated using a lumped vehicle classification scheme based on the number of vehicle axles and the default county-level MOVES vehicle fleet database. The predicted dilution of CO and NOx in the downwind direction agrees well with observation, although the total NOx emission has to be scaled to 85% of its original emission rate estimated by the MOVES model. Using the atmospheric turbulent diffusion coefficient parameterization of Degrazia et al. (2000) with variable horizontal turbulent diffusion coefficient (Kxx) leads to slightly better predictions than a traditional non-height-dependent Kxx parameterization. The NO2 concentrations can be better predicted when emission of total NOx is split into NO and NO2 using the NO2 to NOx ratio of 29% measured near the road. Simulations using the SAPRC99 photochemical mechanism do not show significant changes in the predicted NO and NO2 concentrations near the road compared to simulations using a simple three-reaction mechanism that involves only NOx and O3. A regional air quality simulation in Houston, Texas during a high O3 episode in August 2000 shows that using the NO2 to NOx ratio of 29% instead of the traditional 5% leads to as much as 6ppb increase in 8-h O3 predictions.
A Parylene MEMS Electrothermal Valve

The first microelectromechanical-system normally closed electrothermal valve constructed using Parylene C is described, which enables both low power (in milliwatts) and rapid operation (in milliseconds). This low-power valve is well suited for applications in wirelessly controlled implantable drug-delivery systems. The simple design was analyzed using both theory and modeling and then characterized in benchtop experiments. Operation in air (constant current) and water (current ramping) was demonstrated. Valve-opening powers of 22 mW in air and 33 mW in water were obtained. Following integration of the valve with catheters, our valve was applied in a wirelessly operated microbolus infusion pump, and the in vivo functionality for the appropriateness of use of this pump for future brain mapping applications in small animals was demonstrated.
Cytokeratin 14 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases with emphasis on its value in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from other epithelial tumours

Cytokeratin 14 expression in epithelial neoplasms: a survey of 435 cases with emphasis on its value in differentiating squamous cell carcinomas from other epithelial tumours Aims: The tissue distribution of cytokeratin 14 (CK14) in epithelial neoplasms is not well defined. We have evaluated 435 cases of epithelial neoplasm of various origins with cytokeratin 14 monoclonal antibody with special attention to possible use in differential diagnosis. Methods and results: Immunohistochemistry (ABC–HRP method) was performed for detection of CK14. We found that the expression of cytokeratin 14 was generally restricted to: (i) the majority of cases of squamous cell carcinoma regardless of origin (67/74) and degree of differentiation; (ii) neoplasms with focal squamous differentiation, including endometrial, and ovarian adenocarcinoma, malignant mesothelioma and transitional cell carcinoma; (iii) thymoma (8/8); (iv) myoepithelial components of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (3/4); and (v) oncocytic neoplasms, including thyroid Hurthle cell adenoma (1/1) and salivary gland Warthin’s tumour (2/2). Conclusion: CK14 protein is a useful marker in differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas.
MEMS Design Course Solutions to the Tennessee Trash Problem

The Tennessee Tech university spring 2008 MEMS senior/graduate design course challenge is to design MEMS sensors that attack the broad problem of minimization, detection, collection, and recycling of trash and hazardous waste materials found in Tennessee and elsewhere. The student design team solution to this year's environmental challenge will be described in this paper. A MEMS device capable of detecting mercury concentrations in water by using the amalgam properties of mercury with gold will be developed. The TTU MEMS effort involves collaboration with Oak Ridge National Labs on optical cantilever MEMS, as well as past and future MEMS fabrication collaboration with the university of Louisville fab and the ORNL center for nanophase materials sciences.
IASKNOT: a simulation-based object-oriented framework for the acquisition of implicit expert knowledge

Research in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) aims to embed aspects of human intelligence in the computer. Several factors constrain the development of a true intelligent autonomous machine. The acquisition of expert knowledge continues to hinder progress. Knowledge acquisition techniques have reduced the effort involved in acquiring knowledge from an expert and representing it in a form that can be used by the computer. Most, however, focus on the gathering and representation of one class of knowledge. Two major categories of expertise makeup most of the expert's knowledge: explicit knowledge which is easy to articulate, and implicit knowledge such as intuition and judgment. It is in the nature of implicit knowledge that makes it difficult to clearly define and acquire from experts. Most current approaches learn only the expert explicit knowledge via query sessions and ignore the implicit expertise altogether. Humans, on the other hand, continually learn and apply both types of knowledge. Humans typically learn the implicit knowledge by observing others handle real-life situations and by adapting what they observed to handle new situations. This research aims to answer the following question: How does one implement learning by observation such that implicit knowledge can be acquired, represented, and reused? It focuses on capturing and modeling the implicit knowledge that is commonly applied by experts while they deal with dynamic real-life situations. The paper explains the formulated approach and discusses the results obtained from its application to the driving domain.
Soft X-ray microscopes and their biological applications

In this review we propose to address the question: for the life-science researcher, what does X-ray microscopy have to offer that is not otherwise easily available?We will see that the answer depends on a combination of resolution, penetrating power, analytical sensitivity, compatibility with wet specimens, and the ease of image interpretation.
Flow in seagrass canopies: The influence of patch width

Abstract Seagrass beds and the communities they form are well known for their ability to alter their local hydrodynamic environment, reducing current velocities and altering turbulent structure in and around the canopy. Much of the quantitative information that has been published on the interaction of seagrass canopies with flowing water has been derived from laboratory flume studies. The few studies that have been conducted all point to similar patterns of flow alteration around the seagrass canopy. Differences among the results of the study are likely primarily due to different experimental configurations. Some studies have used seagrass beds much narrower than the width of the flume while others have used seagrass beds extending the full width of the flume. The validity of the latter design has often been called into question because of scaling issues. In this study, artificial seagrass was used to examine the effects of bed width in a laboratory flume on the spatial pattern of water velocity and turbulence intensity within the bed. As seagrass bed width was increased, blocking more of the cross-sectional area of the flume, the seagrass became less effective at reducing within-canopy current velocities while over-canopy flow was increased. Narrow patches (0.3 m in a flume, 1.0 m wide) were significantly more effective at reducing current velocity within the canopy than were wider patches, but experienced higher turbulence intensity. Using laboratory findings from experiments to predict field flow conditions when patch geometry differs substantially from that of a flume may either over- or under-estimate flow reduction and turbulence intensity. This is particularly the case within the first meter of horizontal distance as flow enters the canopy. Therefore, flume conditions where the bed width equals the flume width may be more appropriate for mimicking flow interaction with broad and shallow seagrass beds. Use of bed widths narrower than the flume width are likely more accurate for modeling small, developmentally arrested patches, or recently established patches such as those arising from restoration projects.
Temperature Acclimation and Its Effects on Porcine Muscle Properties in Two Humidity Environments

SUMMARY— The effects of temperature and humidity on postmortem and associated muscle properties during growth of “stress susceptible” pigs were evaluated. Exposure to ambient temperatures of 32 and 21°C for alternating 3-day periods caused rapid post-mortem glycolysis, high percent light reflectance, and increased light to dark fiber ratios in the longissimus dorsi muscle as compared to constant (27°C) temperature, but only in moderate (38–42% relative) humidity environments. The above events due to temperature acclimation were masked when the humidity was low (17–23% relative). Humidity effects that were independent of temperature acclimation resulted in high percent light reflectance and high muscle temperature in the post-mortem muscle of pigs reared in low humidity. No significant differences were found in lactic dehydrogenase or succinic dehydrogenase enzyme activities of longissimus dorsi or gluteus medius muscles.
Multipath Model and Exploitation in Through-the-Wall and Urban Radar Sensing

We derive a multipath model for sensing through walls using radars. The model considers propagation through a front wall and specular reflections at interior walls in an enclosed room under surveillance. The model is derived such that additional eigenrays can be easily accommodated. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system is considered, and stationary or slowly moving targets are assumed. The focused downrange and crossrange locations of multipath ghosts are established and validated using numerical, as well as experimental data. The multipath model permits an implementation of a multipath exploitation algorithm, which associates, as well as maps, each target ghost back to its corresponding true target location. In doing so, the proposed algorithm improves the radar system performance by aiding in ameliorating the false positives in the original SAR image, as well as increasing the signal-to-clutter ratio at the target locations, culminating in enhanced behind the wall target detection and localization.
Military simulation worlds and organizational learning

The article examines the operational benefits of having a learning organization include at the very minimum increased organizational competitiveness and responsiveness in a given realm of competition. Military simulation worlds have served and continue to serve as practice fields for organizational learning. Organizational learning mechanisms like the simulation debriefing session have been linked to organizational learning through a taxonomy for rare events. This research provides both descriptive and prescriptive findings for military interactive simulation and debriefing systems. Some suggestions for simulation system design are made based on the research.
DISCUSSION OF Book-Tax Conformity and Earnings Management: Insights from European One- and Two-Book Systems

W atrin, Ebert, and Thomsen (2012; hereinafter, WET) examine the influence of financial and tax reporting requirements on earnings management by European firms. WET explain two reporting requirements imposed on European firms that differ from those placed on U.S. firms. First, parent and subsidiary corporations are required to file tax statements on a separate-company basis rather than on a consolidated-group basis and, second, corporations are required to disclose separate-company financial statements as well as consolidated-group financial statements. Using these two unique aspects of European reporting, WET investigate how discretionary accruals in the consolidated-group financial statements are related to the magnitude of book-tax differences in separate-company financial statements and to the use of IFRS versus local GAAP accounting standards in the separate-company financial statements. WET conclude that firms operating in a one-book system (where corporations use IFRS for consolidated-group financial statements, separate-company financial statements, and tax reporting) show significantly more earnings management in consolidated financial statements compared with those in a two-book system (where corporations use IFRS for consolidated-group financial statements but use local GAAP for separate-company financial statements and for tax reporting). They further conclude that conformity between separate-company financial statements and tax reporting shows a stronger association with earnings management in consolidated financial statements than does the accounting standard used in the separate-company financial reports. Generally, book-tax conformity and book-tax differences are measured based on differences between the earnings a firm reports to its investors (in consolidated-group financial statements) and the income it reports to tax authorities. WET add to the existing literature by focusing on permanent book-tax differences in separate-company financial statements and the accounting standards used in separate-company versus consolidated-group financial statements. Examining earnings management in this rich institutional setting is the primary strength of this study. My questions and concerns about this study relate to (1) the choice between IFRS and local GAAP, (2) the tax filing
Dual-probe luminescence lifetime measurements for the oxygen compensation in enzymatic biosensors

An optical system for monitoring glucose with a means of compensating for local oxygen variations is described. Measurements of sensor response to glucose under varying oxygen levels indicate a strong dependence of the optical response on ambient oxygen. The two-probe approach enables simultaneous monitoring of luminescence lifetime of microparticle sensors with a compact optical system. Glucose tracking experiments with both probes reveal a modulation of oxygen in the vicinity of sensors, even when external oxygen is constant. These results prove the concept of simultaneous monitoring of multiple sensor types in the same matrix.
X-RAY IMAGING TECHNIQUE SIMPLIFIES AND IMPROVES RESERVOIR-CONDITION UNSTEADY- STATE RELATIVE PERMEABILITY MEASUREMENTS

This paper describes an x-ray imaging technique that has been successfully employed to simplify and improve one of the most basic (and potentially most error-prone) laboratory measurements required for calculating relative permeability functions from unsteadystate core flood data - namely the measurement of fluid production and saturation history. Typically, during conventional unsteady-state core tests, fluids that are produced from a core travel through some distance of tubing downstream from the core before reaching the device that measures or infers produced fluid volumes. Because production is normally measured downstream from the outlet face of the core, a number of corrections are necessary to compensate for upstream and downstream tubing volume, time lag between when fluids exit the core and when they are measured or observed, and any volume changes that occur because of differences in pressure and temperature at the point of measurement compared to core conditions. Measurement complexity and potential for errors increase when produced fluids do not separate quickly. Thus, potential sources of error include how data is corrected as well as how production is measured. Obviously, data errors yield imprecision in relative permeability results. By acquiring x-ray images of the entire core at various times during a coreflood using an x-ray image intensifier or similar type of device, one gains real time data describing bulk saturation changes within a core. This data is processed to yield volumetric data for input in conventional unsteady-state relative permeability calculations. Production data does not need to be time corrected as it directly reflects fluid saturation changes within the core plug during times that directly match those of pressure measurements. The technique greatly simplifies reservoir condition tests even when produced fluids separate slowly or are in the form of emulsions. Examples from reservoir condition tests are provided to demonstrate the technique.
Classification of forest vegetation in north-central Minnesota using Landsat multispectral scanner and thematic mapper data.

L'objectif est de determiner comment les caracteristiques des forets et des capteurs (resolution spectrale et spatiale) affectent la precision de la classification en types de couverts forestiers, dans le Parc d'etat d'Itasca. Les cartes issues de la classification Landsat sont comparees pixel par pixel a une carte numerique de reference, afin d'etablir les differences statistiquement significatives. La precision de la classification varie de 26 a 86% selon le capteur, le nombre de classes et la mesure de performance. La resolution spectrale et radiometrique accrue Thematic Mapper entraine une augmentation de 7-15% de la precision par rapport au radiometre multispectral a balayage. La meilleure combinaison spectrale est constituee d'une bande dans le visible, une dans l'infrarouge proche, une dans l'infrarouge moyen
Efficient Use of an Adapting Database of Ab Initio Calculations To Generate Accurate Newtonian Dynamics.

We develop and demonstrate a method to efficiently use density functional calculations to drive classical dynamics of complex atomic and molecular systems. The method has the potential to scale to systems and time scales unreachable with current ab initio molecular dynamics schemes. It relies on an adapting dataset of independently computed Hellmann–Feynman forces for atomic configurations endowed with a distance metric. The metric on configurations enables fast database lookup and robust interpolation of the stored forces. We discuss mechanisms for the database to adapt to the needs of the evolving dynamics, while maintaining accuracy, and other extensions of the basic algorithm.
PLD.23 Management of transverse and unstable lie at term

Aims To determine current practice and outcomes in women admitted to antenatal ward with diagnosis of transverse or unstable lie. Background Fetal lie (other than longitudinal) at term may predispose to prolapse of cord or fetal arm and uterine rupture. Local guidelines recommend admission at 37+0 (RCOG guidelines after 37+6 weeks) but give no specific recommendations regarding further management. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at St Thomas’ Hospital, London from 2009–2012 of all women admitted with unstable/transverse lie. The diagnosis was based on ultrasound examination. Women with placenta praevia and non-singleton deliveries were excluded. Results Study included 198 cases of unstable/transverse lie. 58% were admitted before 38 weeks. The average length of admission was 7 days (IQR 4–11). There were no cases of cord prolapse or need for an immediate caesarean section from the antenatal ward. 73% of women had a caesarean section at a median gestation of 39+1 weeks (IQR 38+4 – 40+2) although almost half of these (41%) had a cephalic presentation at the time of elective caesarean sections. None of these had an absolute indication for Caesarean section. Discussion and conclusions The diagnosis of unstable/transverse lie leads to a prolonged inpatient stay and a high Caesarean section rate. From our study and the evidence from the available literature, we recommend delaying admission until at least 38 weeks and awaiting spontaneous version. Future research should focus on the safety of outpatient management with consideration of utilising techniques such as cervical length and fetal fibronectin.
The Moche Revolt of the Objects

Stories involving the death of the sun and a subsequent revolt of objects against humans are variants of a common and ancient Native American myth, and it is argued that a number of art works from the Moche culture of the Peruvian north coast depict a variant of this myth. The “Revolt of the Objects” theme is part of a narrative sequence representing an important epic of the late Moche culture that is linked to other Moche art, larger symbolic concepts, and sociopolitical events. Now that simple diffusionistic explanations are no longer applicable, the occurrence of similar themes in myths and art throughout the Americas is a subject that should be reexamined.
The Association Between Hospital Length of Stay and 90-Day Readmission Risk for Femoral Neck Fracture Patients: Within a Total Joint Arthroplasty Bundled Payment Initiative.

Abstract Background Hip arthroplasty is increasingly performed as a treatment for femoral neck fractures (FNFs). However, these cases have higher complication rates than elective total hip arthroplasties (THAs). The Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services has created the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement model to increase the value of patient care. This model risk stratifies FNF patients in an attempt to appropriately allocate resources, but the formula has not been disclosed. The goal of this study was to ascertain if patients with FNFs have different readmission rates compared to patients undergoing elective THA so that the resource utilization can be assessed. Methods We analyzed all patients undergoing THA at our institution during a 21-month period. Patients classified by a diagnosis-related group of 469 or 470 were included. Multivariate and survival analyses were performed to determine risk of 90-day readmission. Results Patients admitted for FNFs were older, had higher body mass indices, longer lengths of stay, and were more likely to be discharged to inpatient facilities than patients who underwent elective THA. Increased American Society of Anesthesiologists scores and FNF were also independent risk factors for 90-day readmission, and these patient were more likely to be readmitted during the latter 60 days following admission. Conclusion Results suggest that patients who undergo an arthroplasty following urgent or emergent FNFs have inferior outcomes to those receiving an arthroplasty for a diagnosis of arthritis. Fracture patients should either be risk stratified to allow appropriate resource allocation or be excluded from alternative payment initiatives such as Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement.
Prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha binding sites in the bovine iris ciliary body.

PURPOSE To determine the regional distribution and selectivity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) specific binding sites in membrane preparations from bovine iris ciliary body. METHODS Bovine eyes were obtained fresh from a local abattoir. Whole irides were separated into sphincter muscle, ciliary body, and remaining iris tissue then homogenized in 50 mM tris buffer, pH 7.5, containing cyclooxygenase, protease, and soybean trypsin inhibitors. Membranes were obtained after three-stage high-speed centrifugation then reconstituted in buffer. Aliquot portions were incubated with 3H-PGE2 or 3H-PGF2 alpha at 37 degrees C for 30 min in a final volume of 500 microliters. Competition studies were performed in the presence of up to 1000-fold excess unlabeled ligand. At the end of a 30-min incubation period, free and membrane bound ligand were separated by rapid filtration through a type HA millipore filter preequilibrated with buffer. The radioactivity bound to the membranes retained on the filter was quantitated in a scintillation counter. RESULTS The equilibrium dissociation constant and maximum number 3H-PGE2 saturable binding sites were determined by Scatchard analysis. The data best fit to a single binding site model for all three membrane preparations. The majority of the 3H-PGE2 specific binding sites were in sphincter muscle (65%), followed by iris (17%), and ciliary body (18%). 3H-PGE2 alpha binding sites were not measurable in either iris or ciliary body and PGF2 alpha was less competitive than PGE2 in all tissues. The rank order of potency for agonist displacement by both 3H-PGE2 and 3H-PGF2 in sphincter muscle membrane was PGE2 > PGF2 alpha > PGD2 > Iloprost. It was determined that 3H-PGE2 and 3H-PGF2 alpha binding in the bovine sphincter was primarily to EP not FP, DP, or IP prostaglandin receptor types. CONCLUSIONS The characteristics of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha specific binding sites in the bovine sphincter correlate with its in vitro contractile response to these prostanoids. The inability of PGF2 alpha to effectively compete with PGE2 for specific binding sites in the sphincter and lack of high affinity PGF2 alpha specific binding sites in the iris and ciliary body suggests that this prostaglandin may exert its in vivo effects through PGE2 specific binding sites.
Cross-polarized C-band sea-surface NRCS observations in extreme winds

We report on airborne measurements of the cross-polarized (VH) ocean surface normalized radar crosssection (NRCS) at incidence angles between 15° and 40° obtained at C-band in high-wind (> 30 m s−1) conditions. The present observations were taken in Hurricane Patricia on 23 October 2015 and extend the wind speed range of the existing cross-polarization ocean surface NRCS literature [1]–[4]. The NRCS at the smaller incidence angles decrease as wind speed increases, as expected. At the larger incidence angles, saturation of the NRCS is not observed up to at least 70 m s−1. The results have implications for planned and future scatterometers (e.g., MetOp-SG) that aim to increase the maximum observable wind speeds.
Functional Connectomics: How Maggots Make Up Their Minds

How Drosophila larvae select one behavior or a sequence of behaviors, and then persist in the final one, has been addressed by a powerful combination of electron-microscopy reconstruction of neuronal connections, genetic manipulations, electrophysiology, and neuronal modeling. Surprisingly, reciprocal inhibitory synaptic connections are major players in choosing, sequencing and maintaining behaviors.
Abstract 298: CaMKII-Mediated Phosphorylation of InsP3R2 Activates Hypertrophic Gene Transcription

Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphosphate receptors are a family of intracellular Ca2+ channels, modulated by the ligands InsP3 and Ca2+ in response to an array of neuro-hormonal stimuli to release Ca2+ from internal stores. In cardiac myocytes, the InsP3R2, CaMKII and CaM are components of a macromolecular signalplex. However, modulation of InsP3R’s Ca2+ channel and the underlying mechanism(s) that converge and integrate nuclear hypertrophic signals to initiate transcription is not fully established. Here, we delineate the mechanistic regulation of nuclear InsP3R2’s bidirectional Ca2+ channel activity and its effect on the activation of nuclear hypertrophic signaling. We show that, endothelin-1 (ET1) stimulates elevated InsP3 induced Ca2+ release into the nucleus from perinuclear InsP3 receptors. This elevated nuclear Ca2+ release is due to CaMKIIδ mediated phosphorylation of cytoplasmic oriented InsP3R2 inhibiting Ca2+ release to the cytoplasm. This increase in nuclear Ca2+ activates Ca2+ sensitive transctiption factors thereby activating gene expression. The elevated nuclear Ca2+ and gene expression can be attenuated by CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 and InsP3R antagonist 2-ABP. We also show that, exogenous InsP3R2 was phosphorylated by both cytoplasmic (CaMKIIδC) and nuclear (CaMKIIδB) isoforms of CaMKIIδ. Intriguingly, CaMKIIδC phosphorylates endogenous InsP3R2 in cardiomyocytes more efficiently than CaMKIIδB and not by its kinase-dead derivatives. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that, InsP3R2 mediated Ca2+ signaling integrates and vectors the GPCR activated hypertrophic signals to the nucleus triggering gene transcription underlying cardiac hypertrophy.
Equatorial wave expansion of instantaneous flows for diagnosis of equatorial waves from data: Formulation and illustration

This paper presents a method for expanding horizontal flow variables in data using the free solutions to the shallow-water system as a basis set. This method for equatorial wave expansion of instantaneous flows (EWEIF) uses dynamic constraints in conjunction with projections of data onto parabolic cylinder functions to determine the amplitude of all equatorial waves. EWEIF allows us to decompose an instantaneous wave flow into individual equatorial waves with a presumed equivalent depth without using temporal or spatial filtering a priori. Three sets of EWEIF analyses are presented. The first set is to confirm that EWEIF is capable of recovering the individual waves constructed from theoretical equatorial wave solutions under various scenarios. The other two sets demonstrate the ability of the EWEIF method to derive time series of individual equatorial waves from instantaneous wave fields without knowing a priori exactly which waves exist in the data as well as their spatial and temporal scales using outputs of an equatorial β-channel shallow-water model and ERA-Interim data. The third set of demonstrations shows, for the first time, the continuous evolutions of individual equatorial waves in the stratosphere whose amplitude is synchronized with the background zonal wind as predicted by quasi-biennial oscillation theory.
Effectiveness of Mental Health Courts in Reducing Recidivism: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective:Mental health courts (MHCs) were developed to address the overrepresentation of adults with mental illnesses in the U.S. criminal justice system through diversion into community-based treatment. Research on MHCs has proliferated in recent years, and there is a need to synthesize contemporary literature on MHC effectiveness. The authors conducted a meta-analytic investigation of the effect on criminal recidivism of adult MHC participation compared with traditional criminal processing.Methods:Systematic search of three databases yielded 17 studies (N=16,129) published between 2004 and 2015. Study characteristics and potential moderators (that is, publication type, recidivism outcome, and length and timing of follow-up) were independently extracted by two of four raters for each study. Two raters coded each study for quality and extracted between-group effect sizes for measures of recidivism (that is, arrest, charge, conviction, and jail time; k=25). Results were synthesized by using random-effects...
Electrically driven hybrid photonic metamaterials for multifunctional control

The unique light-matter interaction in metamaterials, a type of artificial medium in which the geometrical features of subunits dominate their optical responses, have been utilized to achieve exotic material properties that are rare or nonexistent in natural materials. Furthermore, to extend their behaviors, active materials have been introduced into metamaterial systems to advance tunability, switchability and nonlinearity. Nevertheless, practical examples of versatile photonic metamaterials remain exceedingly rare for two main reasons. On the one hand, in sharp contrast to the broad material options available at lower frequencies, it is less common to find active media in the optical regime that can provide pronounced dielectric property changes under external stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields. Vanadium dioxide (VO2), offering a large refractive index variation over a broad frequency range due to its near room temperature insulator-to-metal transition (IMT), has been favored in recent studies on tunable metamaterials. On the other hand, it turns out that regulating responses of hybrid metamaterials to external forces in an integrated manner is not a straightforward task. Recently, metamaterial-enabled devices (i.e., metadevices) with ‘self-sufficient’ or ‘self-contained’ electrical and optical properties have enabled complex functionalities. Here, we present a design methodology along with the associated experimental validation of a VO2 thin film integrated optical metamaterial absorber as a hybrid photonic platform for electrically driven multifunctional control, including reflectance switching, a rewritable memory process and manageable localized camouflage. The nanoengineered topologically continuous metal structure simultaneously supports the optical resonance and electrical functionality that actuates the phase transition in VO2 through the process of Joule heating. This work provides a universal approach to creating self-sufficient and highly-versatile nanophotonic systems.
Visualizing the Effect of Partial Oxide Formation on Single Silver Nanoparticle Electrodissolution

The impact of heterogeneous surface oxide formation on the electrochemical performance of single silver nanoparticles is explored using in situ superlocalization optical microscopy. Silver nanoparticles are well-known to form a natural oxide layer on their surface, but the effect of this oxide layer on electrochemical reactions is not well understood. Here we track the temporal and spatial dependence of electrodissolution of single silver nanoparticles in order to study the role of surface oxide layers on electrochemical reactions. Heterogeneity in electrodissolution kinetics is observed by following the time-dependent loss in scattering intensity from individual silver nanoparticles using dark-field scattering. Both fast and slow dissolution kinetics are observed, with the dominant pathway changing as a function of applied potential. To understand this, superlocalization imaging is employed to follow the spatial variance of the electrodissolution process and reveals that the silver nanoparticles undergo ...
Frontal Sinus Absence Rates in Various Populations: Implications for Forensic Identification

Antemortem and postmortem radiologic comparisons can be used to help confirm or refute a forensic human identification. When comparing antemortem and postmortem records, knowledge of the population frequencies of shared traits (or how often a trait occurs in the relevant population) can provide a statistical basis for supporting the identification (or exclusion). While trait configurations such as frontal sinus shape are often used, even the presence or absence of such traits can provide statistically relevant information. Here we assess the frequency of frontal sinus absence in various populations through an in-depth literature review, meta-analysis, and generation of new frontal sinus absence rates for consolidated groups. Results may be useful in forensic identification comparisons involving individuals who lack a frontal sinus. KEYWORDS: frontal sinus, population frequency, identification, radiologic comparison
AlGaAs-based optically pumped semiconductor lasers

The most technologically mature optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSL) are based on InGaAs quantum wells (QW) for emission in the 900-1200 nm range. The low wavelength boundary is set by both the bandgap of InGaAs and the most common pump wavelength of 808 nm. To extend the wavelength coverage into 700 – 900 nm, a different QW system and a different pump wavelength are needed. In this work, we present the progress and result in the development of AlGaAs-based OPSL.
The Tumor Lysis Syndrome: An Oncologic and Metabolic Emergency

The tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a set of metabolic abnormalities caused by widespread tumor cell death and a physiologic inability to maintain adequate clearance rates of tumor metabolites. The cardinal metabolic features of TLS are hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia (with secondary hypocalcemia), and hyperkalemia. TLS-induced renal failure is caused by obstructive uric acid and/or calcium phosphate uropathy and can rapidly promote worsening of TLS by further reducing clearance of TLS metabolites. TLS is a life-threatening condition that requires a high level of suspicion, close clinical monitoring, timely therapeutic interventions, and potential involvement of a variety of subspecialty services. Early transfer to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit to allow close monitoring of the fluid and electrolyte status should be considered in children at high risk for TLS.