cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extending the bandwidth of reverse saturable absorption in platinum complexes using two-photon-initiated excited-state absorption.

Pt(II) complexes bearing 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2′-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine or 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2′-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl)ethynyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine ligand exhibit strong reverse saturable absorption in the visible spectral region and large two-photon initiated excited-state absorption in the near-IR region. They are promising broadband nonlinear absorbing materials from the visible to the near-IR region. The extended π-conjugation in complex 2 that has a C≡C linker between the terpyridine ligand and the 4-(7-(benzothiazol-2′-yl)-9,9-diethylfluoren-2-yl) substituent significantly increases the two-photon absorption cross sections (σ2), making it among the strongest of two-photon absorbing Pt(II) complexes.
Global War on Girls? Policing Girls’ Sexuality and Criminalizing Their Victimization

This article briefly explores the disconnect between the global discourse on girls’ issues, which really focuses on girls’ rights, and most particularly their right to be free from victimization, and the American focus on girls, which is far more concerned with bad or violent girls. Specifically, the article reviews the increase in girls’ arrests in the United States for offenses like simple assault and the concomitant increase in girls’ share of juvenile court populations. Arguing that the maltreatment of girls is at the heart of such a shift, the article reviews current data on the prominence of cross-over or dual status youth (youth who have experienced both victimization and criminalization) in the female court population. Presenting evidence that the failure to protect American girls from harm is related to these patterns, the article concludes with a gender-responsive program that focuses on reducing harm to girls so as to prevent their future delinquency.
The pedagogy of ernesto che guevara

This article identifies and describes the major principles and themes that emerge from an analysis of the revolutionary pedagogical practice and ideas of Ernesto Che Guevara. The principles and themes outlined in this article are based on a thematic investigation of the approximately 2000 pages of Guevara’s writings, speeches and interviews available in numerous English‐translation compilations and full‐length books. The analysis also draws on what are considered to be some of the most important biographies and secondary sources on the educational and political thought and practice of Guevara in English and Spanish. The article is organised thematically and in each section that outlines a major theme or principle of Guevara’s pedagogy, examples are provided from Guevara’s practice that help illustrate the theme or principle. Reverences are made throughout the text to other revolutionary pedagogues and movements that share specific commonalities with Guevara’s pedagogy.
Chemistry of mycolactones, the causative toxins of Buruli ulcer

Buruli ulcer is a severe and devastating skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, yet it is one of the most neglected diseases. The causative toxin, referred to as mycolactone A/B, was isolated and characterized as a polyketide-derived macrolide in 1999. The current status of the mycolactone chemistry is described, highlighting the stereochemistry assignment of mycolactone A/B; total synthesis; the structure determination of mycolactone congeners from the human pathogen M. ulcerans, the frog pathogen Mycobacterium liflandii, and the fish pathogen Mycobacterium marinum; the structural diversity in the mycolactone class of natural products; the highly sensitive detection/structure-analysis of mycolactones; and some biological activity.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Group I mGluR-Mediated Facilitation of Nociceptive Processing in Amygdala Neurons

Recent biochemical and behavioral data implicate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral and spinal pain mechanisms. However, pain-related functions of ROS in the brain and mechanisms of pain-related ROS activation remain to be determined. Our previous studies showed that the amygdala plays a key role in emotional-affective pain responses and pain modulation. Hyperactivity of amygdala neurons in an animal pain model depends on group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (subtypes mGluR1 and mGluR5), but their signaling pathway remains to be determined. Here we tested the hypothesis that activation of group I mGluRs increases nociceptive processing in amygdala neurons through a mechanism that involves ROS. Extracellular single-unit recordings were made from neurons in the laterocapsular division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeLC) in anesthetized adult male rats. Administration of a group I mGluR agonist (DHPG) into the CeLC by microdialysis increased the responses to innocuous and noxious somatosensory (knee joint compression) and visceral (colorectal distention [CRD]) stimuli. A ROS scavenger (PBN) and a superoxide dismutase mimetic (TEMPOL) reversed the facilitatory effects of DHPG. An mGluR5 antagonist (MPEP) also inhibited the effects of DHPG on the responses to innocuous and noxious somatosensory and visceral stimuli, whereas an mGluR1 antagonist (LY367385) decreased only the responses to visceral stimulation. The results show for the first time that ROS mediate group I mGluR-induced facilitation of nociceptive processing in amygdala neurons. The antagonist data may suggest differential contributions of subtypes mGluR1 and mGluR5 to the processing of somatosensory and visceral nociceptive information in the amygdala.
Thromboembolism in pregnancy: a continuing conundrum.

In this issue, Heit and colleagues provide solid clinical evidence to confirm current clinical wisdom: Pregnancy increases the risk for thromboembolism. No time during pregnancy is without thromboe...
Low-dimensionality magnetic interactions in the linear-chain transition metal complexes M(2,2′-bipyridine)(H2O)2SO4 (M = Fe, Ni, and Cu)

Abstract The magnetic susceptibilities of polycrystalline samples of the chain compounds M (2,2′-bipyridine)(H 2 O) 2 SO 4 ( M = Fe, Ni, and Cu) have been measured in the temperature range 1.7 to 300 K. The iron and nickel compounds exhibit broad maxima in χ ′ M vs T at ∼ 8 K. The experimental results can be interpreted in terms of antiferromagnetic linear-chain systems and provide information on the magnitude of the intrachain interactions. Zero-field Mossbauer spectra of a powder sample of trans -μ-sulfato-diaquo(2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) over the preceding range were also determined. The chemical isomer shift value corresponds to 6-coordinate high-spin iron(II). Below 2.0 K the compound exhibits magnetic hyperfine splitting, suggesting long-range, three-dimensional ordering with a critical temperature of T N ≲ 1.7 K. By means of Oguchi's Green's function theory and the experimentally determined transition temperature T N , an estimate of the ratio of the inter- to intrachain exchange interaction is obtained.
Job satisfaction as self-care within a restrictive regulatory environment: Nevada's study

Purpose: Of western states, Nevada has experienced the greatest population growth and healthcare provider shortage, yet regulations remain restrictive and there are scarce published research data for nurse practitioner (NP) characteristics and none for job satisfaction. We viewed job satisfaction as reflective of professional self-care based on Herzberg's job satisfaction theory and Orem's self-care nursing theory. Data sources: Surveys were mailed to 512 advanced practice nurses; only NPs were asked to respond. Conclusions: The eligible NP sample was 315, or 61.5% of the total advanced nursing population. The sample was racially diverse, with a high male population. Job satisfaction was just over midway between “minimally satisfied” to “satisfied,” with the highest satisfaction in “challenge/autonomy” and the lowest in “professional growth.” Income was positively correlated with satisfaction for northern NPs earning less income and working fewer hours; bonuses were positively correlated for all. Those interested in higher education (e.g., doctorate) were younger, less experienced, part-time, professional members, and urban (south). Implications for practice: Findings provide insight for maximizing professional self-care, particularly in areas of professional growth. Job satisfaction data assist leaders in maximizing the role for improving patient access to care, particularly in states with restrictive regulations.
Uterine morphology and function in postpartum mares

Summary Ultrasonically detectable characteristics of the uterus and embryo and palpable uterine tone were assessed in 10 postpartum mares. A bright fern-like pattern of ultrasonic uterine echogenicity, outlining the endometrial folds, was observed for an average of 2.1 ±0.2 days following parturition (range, 1 to 3 days). Unexpectedly, the uterus was quiescent throughout the postpartum interval, based on daily one-minute contractility scans. Contractility was maximal on Days 12 to 15 of pregnancy in both postpartum (n=7) and nonparturient (n=7) mares. The mean diameter of ultrasonically detectable intrauterine fluid collections increased (P
Ultraviolet light emissions in MgZnO/ZnO double heterojunction diodes by molecular beam epitaxy

ZnO double heterojunction structure was grown by molecular beam epitaxy. 100 nm MgZnO/ZnO/MgZnO well was inserted between Ga-doped ZnO and Sb-doped ZnO layers. X-ray diffraction spectrum confirmed the preferential growth along c-direction and secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements showed a clear double heterojunction profile of this structure. Thin MgZnO layers made no difficulties for electrons and holes to get into active intrinsic ZnO layer. Dominant ultraviolet electroluminescence was observed at the injection currents from 40 to 80 mA at room temperature. The output power was 7.3 times as that from p-n homojunction diode at the same driving current due to a good confinement of electrons and holes in the intrinsic ZnO layer.
“House” to “Goddess of the House”: Gender, Class, and Silk in 19th-century Mount Lebanon

“Are you going to behave like a factory girl?!” With this phrase, an 1880s peasant in Mount Lebanon not only admonished a daughter, but also encapsulated the social and economic transformations which were altering the notions of family and society, and the gender roles underlying both. Typically enough, these transformations came about between 1843 and 1914 as a result of the interaction between the local peasant economy and European capitalism. Modernization and dependency narratives of such an encounter follow the line of “tradition” versus “modernity,” with Europe ultimately dictating an inevitable outcome to its absolute benefit. Yet closer examination reveals the story in Mount Lebanon to be far more complicated. In particular, gender replaces this artificial bipolarity with a triangular struggle among peasant men, peasant women, and European capitalists. Furthermore, rather than being historical victims, women and men in Mount Lebanon—with intersecting and diverging interests—worked to contour the outcome of their encounter with Europe and to take control over their individual and collective lives. While the equation of power was most definitely in favor of European merchants and capitalists, the struggles of these peasants were not for naught. Rather, as I will argue in this paper, their travails made the outcome multifaceted and less predictable than European capitalists would have liked it to be.
A Bayesian network for diagnosis of primary bone tumors.

The authors developed a Bayesian network to differentiate among five benign and five malignant neoplasms of the appendicular skeleton using the patient’s age and sex and 17 radiographic characteristics. In preliminary evaluation with physicians in training, the model identified the correct diagnosis in 19 cases (68%), and included the correct diagnosis among the two most probable diagnoses in 25 cases (89%). Bayesian networks can capture and apply knowledge of primary bone neoplasms. Further testing and refinement of the model are underway.
Dispersive magnetooptic filters.

The anomalous dispersion of the Faraday rotation near optical resonance lines can be employed to build extremely narrowband filters (0.01 A) with a very wide field of view (±45°). This paper investigates the properties of these filters.
Junctin is a prominent regulator of contractility in cardiomyocytes

Junctin is one of the components of the ryanodine receptor Ca release channel complex in sarcoplasmic reticulum. To determine the role of acute alteration of junctin protein levels on cardiomyocyte contractility, we used adenoviral-mediated gene transfer techniques in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Acute downregulation of junctin by 40% resulted in significant increases in cell shortening, rate of contraction (+dL/dt), and rate of relaxation (-dL/dt). The alteration of contractile parameters was associated with increased Ca transient peak and accelerated Ca decay. However, all these contractile and Ca kinetic parameters were depressed significantly when junctin levels were upregulated by 60%. Importantly, there were no alterations in other Ca-cycling protein levels when junctin levels were either decreased or increased. These findings suggest that junctin plays a prominent role in cardiomyocyte Ca-cycling and contractility.
Vestibular nucleus projections to nucleus tractus solitarius and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve : potential substrates for vestibulo-autonomic interactions

Autonomic effects of vestibular stimulation are important components of phenomena as diverse as acute vestibular dysfunction and motion sickness. However, the organization of neural circuits mediating these responses is poorly understood. This study presents evidence for direct vestibular nucleus projections to brain stem regions that mediate autonomic function. One group of albino rabbits received injections of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin into the vestibular nuclei. The tracer was visualized immunocytochemically with standard techniques. Anterogradely labeled axons from the caudal medial vestibular nucleus (cMVN) and inferior vestibular nucleus (IVN) could be traced bilaterally to nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Fewer axons ended near the somata of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX). A second group of rabbits received pressure or iontophoretic injections of cholera toxin B-HRP or Fluoro-Gold into a region including NTS and DMX. Retrogradely labeled neurons were observed bilaterally in the caudal half of cMVN and ipsilaterally in IVN. The labeled somata were small and they tended to occupy the center of cMVN in transverse sections. These previously unreported vestibular nucleus projections to NTS and DMX are a potential substrate for vestibular influences on autonomic function. In particular, they may contribute to both cardiovascular control during head movements (e.g., orthostatic reflexes) and autonomic manifestions of vestibular dysfunction, motion sickness and exposure to altered gravitational environments.
Regulation of glutamine synthetase in human breast carcinoma cells and experimental tumors

Abstract Background. Acute deprivation of extracellular glutamine causes up-regulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) expression by a mechanism involving an increase in GS protein stability. This study examines GS expression in a highly glutamine-dependent and tumorigenic human breast cancer cell line, TSE cells, in response to acute and chronic glutamine deprivation in culture and during tumor formation. Methods. TSE cells were subjected to acute glutamine deprivation, adapted to growth in low glutamine concentrations, and subcutaneously injected into nude mice. GS protein and mRNA levels were assayed by Western and Northern blotting, and intracellular glutamine levels were evaluated by using a colorimetric assay. Results. GS protein levels increased, but GS mRNA levels were unchanged in response to acute glutamine deprivation. Chronic glutamine deprivation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo caused an increase in both GS protein and mRNA levels. Large tumors exhibited lower intracellular glutamine, higher GS protein, and relatively unchanged GS mRNA levels relative to small tumors. Conclusions. TSE tumors exhibit up-regulation of GS protein and mRNA levels and declines in intracellular glutamine content, suggesting that growth in vivo causes a chronic and progressive glutamine deprivation. Up-regulation of GS expression may contribute to adaptation to a nutrient-poor intratumor environment.
Emergency burn management

The case for discussion today is t ha t of a male pa t ien t wi th ful l th ickness burns involving the face and neck. Glor ia Kuhn, DO, res ident in emergency medicine, will present the case. E t i Gursel, MD, ass i s t an t professor of surgery at Wayne Sta te Univers i ty and director of the Burn Uni t a t Detroi t Genera l Hospital , is the guest speaker . G l o r i a Kuhn, DO: The Detroi t Police Medivac Uni t was called by a commun i ty hospi tal to t r anspor t a pa t ien t to the burn center. On a r r iva l at the t r ans fe r r ing hospital , the medical team es t ima ted tha t the pa t i en t had experienced about 20% body surface a rea (BSA) par t i a l and ful lthickness burns involving the face, an ter ior chest, upper arms, and neck. The pat ient ' s blood pressure was 130/80, t empera tu re was 98.4, and pulse ra te was 45 beats /minute . There were no oral burns, and the nasa l hai rs were not singed. Respi ra t ions were regu la r and quiet, and the chest was clear. The e lec t rocardiogram (EKG) was in te rpre ted as sinus b radycard ia wi th a ra te of 50 beats per minute . The complete blood cell count (CBC), glucose, blood urea n i t rogen (BUN) and se rum electrolytes were normal. The pa t i en t had a l ready received 500 cc of lac ta ted Ringer ' s solution wi thout glucose over two hours th rough a scalp vein needle. The scalp vein needle was removed, and two large bore angioca the te rs were inser ted in pe r iphera l veins, and securely fastened. A nasogast r ic tube was inserted, and the gastr ic asp i ra te was clear. One hundred cc of red ur ine was obta ined when the u re the ra l ca the te r was inserted. The ur ine was posit ive for hemoglobin but there were no red cells in the spun sediment. The pa t i en t was covered with s ter i le sheets and t ranspor ted to the burn center. En route, he received nasa l oxygen and was placed on cardiac monitor. The hea r t ra te rema ined 46 to 50 bea ts /minute but there were no symptoms of hypoperfusion. At the recei~ving hospital , mann i to l was infused because of possible hemoglob inur ia or myog~b inu r i a . The pa t ien t has progressed uneventful ly except for a br ief episode of supraven t r i cu la r t achycard ia which responded to digi ta l izat ion. Eti Gursel, MD: The burned pa t ien t should be approached jus t as any other t r a u m a pa t ien t . The t eam approach should be used, so t ha t the p a t i e n t is eva lua ted in a logical, comprehensive fashion. Rapid eva lua t ion is necessary, for the aggress iveness of in i t ia l resusci ta t ion depends on the ex ten t of the burn and the presence of associated injuries. There is no such th ing as a minor burn. I have seen e lde r ly p a t i e n t s die from sepsis c o m p l i c a t i n g a " mino r " 10% BSA burn. The following series of steps should be performed dur ing in i t ia l burn resusci tat ion. 1) Clear the a i rway. Oxygen adminis t ra t ion , in tuba t ion and ven t i l a to ry ass is tance is necessary if there is r esp i ra to ry distress or evidence of l a ryngea l
Ionized gas dynamics in the inner 2 pc of Sgr A West

We present a data cube of the [NeII] (12.8 μm) emission from the inner 2 pc of Sgr A West with 1″ and 4 km s−1 resolution, and with substantially better SNR and velocity resolution than previous observations of the ionized gas. We compare the observations to two proposed models of the gas motions and distribution: flows along tidally stretched streamers, and more nearly circular motions with density wave compression. The density wave model provides a considerably better fit to the kinematics of the northern arm and western arc. Neither model fits the eastern arm and bar kinematics well.To help understand the origin of the spiral pattern we calculated orbits in the potential of a black hole in a star cluster and find that the orbits naturally evolve to set up a one-armed spiral wave very similar to that observed, both spatially and kinematically. Magnetic or other perturbing forces may influence the formation of the spiral wave, but self gravity is not required. Because a density wave evolves on the orbit precession timescale, rather than the orbital timescale, a wave pattern should persist for several 105 yr. No net inward motion of the gas is required by the model. If there is inflow, it is much smaller than is suggested by the infalling streamer model.
Learning outdoor mobile robot behaviors by example

We present an implementation and analysis of a real-time, online, supervised learning system for nonparametrically learning behaviors from a human trainer on a mobile robot in outdoor environments. This approach enables a human operator to train and tune robot behaviors simply by driving the robot with a remote control. Hand-designed behaviors for outdoor environments often require many parameters, and complicated behaviors can be difficult or impossible to specify with a manageable number of parameters. Furthermore, their design requires knowledge of the robot's internal models and knowledge of the environment in which the behaviors will be used. In real-world scenarios, we can design new behaviors using our learning system much more quickly than we can write hand-crafted behaviors. We present the results of training the robot to execute several specialized and general-purpose behaviors, including traversing a slalom, staying near “cover,” navigating on paths, navigating in an obstacle field, and general-purpose navigation. Our system learns and executes most of these behaviors well after 1–4 h of operator training time. In quantitative tests, the learned behavior is not as robust as a hand-crafted behavior but often completes obstacle courses more quickly. Additionally, we identify the factors that influence the effectiveness of this approach and investigate the properties of the training data provided by the human trainer. On the basis of our analyses, we suggest future work to ensure sufficient training, handle conflicting training examples, model robot dynamics, and further investigate dimensionality reduction of perception features. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Swimming rates of scavenging deep-sea amphipods recorded with a free-vehicle video camera

A free-vehicle video camera system has been developed to record swimming rates of deep-sea scavengers. This system consists of a portable video camera, video cassette recorder, floodlight, hydrophone, auxiliary audio recorder, and a 12-V 76 amp-hour battery which are housed in pressure-protective enclosures. These components are mounted on a fiberglas frame with the camera and floodlight facing downward. The free-vehicle deployment system consists of mast assembly, flotation, a precision timed release and disposable ballast. For measuring the swimming rates of scavenging amphipods, two circular polycarbonate plates mounted in parallel and spaced 5 cm apart were suspended below the camera. Scavenging amphipods were lured between the plates by bait in a central canister. Swimming rates were estimated by timing each animal as it moved between the black calibration lines etched on the bottom plate. Mean swimming rates were measured for 31 amphipods, tentatively identified as Eurythenes gryllus, at two abyssal stations in the eastern and central North Pacific (Stas G and CNP, 4900 and 5900 m depth, respectively). Combined mean swimming rate for amphipods at the two stations was 7.3 ± 3.7 cm s−1. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in body length or swimming rate between stations. A significant correlation existed between length-specific swimming rate and body length (P < 0.01) for the combined swimming rates of E. gryllus at both stations.
C'3 Synthesis in the Human Fetus and Lack of Transplacental Passage

Allotypic differences in the third component of complement between mothers and their newborns provided evidence for synthesis of this complement component by the fetus. There was no indication that this protein traversed the placenta. The known low level of C'3 in the neonate was confirmed, and the maternal concentration was found to be significantly elevated.
Investigation of the heat treatment processes of resin-bonded refractories in an atmosphere consisting of the products of sublimation and decomposition of the binder

Heat treatment of the resin-bonded refractories in an atmosphere consisting of the products of sublimation and decomposition of the binder leads to a significant improvement in the properties of the specimens (in particular, in the coked condition). The increase in the content of the residual carbon, the mechanical strength of the specimens, and their hydration resistance are determined by the heat treatment temperature. The highest levels of the physical and the technological properties are obtained after heat treating the specimens in the 400–600°C range. In this case, the most significant effect is observed in the lime-periclase refractories and the minimum effect is obtained in the resin-periclase refractories.
Rape and desire in the wife of bath's tale

(1989). Rape and desire in the wife of bath's tale. Studia Neophilologica: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 161-165.
Cation Dependence of Chloride Ion Complexation by Open-Chained Receptor Molecules in Chloroform Solution

Seventeen peptides, most having the sequence GGGPGGG, but differing in the C- and N-terminal ends, have been studied as anion-complexing agents. These relatively simple, open-chained peptide systems interact with both chloride and the associated cation. Changes in the N- and C-terminal side chains appear to make little difference in the efficacy of binding. NMR studies suggest that the primary interactions involve amide NH contacts with the chloride anion, and CD spectral analyses suggest a concomitant conformational change upon binding. Changes in binding constants, which are expected in different solvents, also suggest selective solvent interactions with the unbound host that helps to preorganize the open-chained peptide system. Significant differences are apparent in complexation strengths when the heptapeptide chain is shortened or lengthened or when the relative position of proline within the heptapeptide is varied.
Homeostasis, Higher Taxa, and Monophyly

Several authors have argued that higher taxa are monophyletic homeostatic property cluster natural kinds. On the traditional definition of monophyly, this will not work: the emergence of taxon-defining homeostatic property clusters would not always correspond to unique speciation events. An alternative conception of monophyly is developed and advocated, which can accommodate the homeostatic property cluster proposal. Recent work in philosophy of science shows that it meets appropriate standards of objectivity and precision.
Inter-layer thermal contact resistance evolution with the degree of intimate contact in the processing of thermoplastic composite laminates

This article focuses on the contact between layers in forming processes of composite laminate. The link between the degree of intimate contact and the consequent thermal contact resistance between ...
Pelvic organ prolapse in young women

Objective To determine differences in the characteristics and type of genital prolapse in young women compared with older women. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed, identifying 647 women who underwent surgical repair of various types of genital prolapse for the years 1979–1991. One hundred ninety-one patients met our inclusion criteria, having well-documented genital prolapse to or beyond the hymen. Patients were stratified into two age groups, those over 35 years and those 35 or younger. The patients were compared regarding “complexity” of prolapse (ie, the total number of deficient sites per patient), grade of prolapse, parity, and coexistent medical conditions. Results During the study period, 27 young women (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] 30.3 ± 3.4 years) and 164 older women (mean age ± SD 60.6 ± 11.9 years) met our criteria. Young women were more likely than older women to have 1) potential predisposing medical conditions (congenital anomalies or neurologic or connective tissue diseases) (22.2% versus 6.7%, P Conclusion Young patients undergoing surgery for genital prolapse were more likely to have lower parity and singlesite and lower-grade prolapse. A higher than expected prevalence of congenital anomalies, as well as rheumatologic and neurologic diseases in the younger women is intriguing, but further study is necessary before these conditions can be implicated in the genesis of genital prolapse.
Behavioral health integration: an essential element of population-based healthcare redesign

The fundamental aim of healthcare reform is twofold: to provide health insurance coverage for most of the citizens currently uninsured, thereby granting them access to healthcare; and to redesign the overall healthcare system to provide better care and achieve the triple aim (better health for the population, better healthcare for individuals, and at less cost). The foundation for this improved system will rest on a redesigned (i.e., sufficiently comprehensive and integrated) system of primary care, with which all other providers, services, and sites of care are associated. The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) and its congeners are the best current examples of the kind of primary care that can achieve the triple aim, if they can become sufficiently comprehensive and can adequately integrate services. This means fully integrating behavioral healthcare into the PCMH, a difficult task under the most favorable circumstances. Creating functioning accountable care organizations is an even more daunting task: this requires new principles of collaborating and financing and the current prototypes have generally failed to incorporate behavioral healthcare sufficient to meet even the basic needs of the target population. This paper will discuss (1) the case for and the difficulties associated with integrating behavioral healthcare into primary care at three levels: the practice, the state, and the nation; and (2) how this looks clinically, operationally, and financially.
Effect of an α1-adrenergic blocker on plasticity elicited by motor training

Recovery of motor function elicited by motor training after cortical lesions in rats is enhanced by norepinephrine (neurotransmitter mediating α1-adrenergic function) and downregulated by α1-adrenergic antagonists. In spite of this, α1-adrenergic antagonists are used to treat elderly patients with hypertension and prostate hyperplasia in stroke settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a single oral dose of the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin on training-dependent plasticity in intact humans, a function thought to contribute to recovery of motor function after cortical lesions. We report that prazosin decreased the ability of motor training to elicit training-dependent plasticity relative to a drug-free condition. These data suggest caution when using α1-adrenergic blockers in rehabilitative clinical settings following brain lesions.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Transfer from Microparticulates to Marine Phytoplankton and the Effects on Photosynthesis

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) initially associated with microparticulates are incorporated into marine diatom cells. The time course of transfer is rapid; equilibrium is attained within several hours. Assays with chlorophyll a fluorescence in vivo indicate that the transferred PCB's reach sites in the photosynthetic machinery that are sensitive to the effects of these compounds.
Facial affect recognition linked to damage in specific white matter tracts in traumatic brain injury

Emotional processing deficits have recently been identified in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), specifically in the domain of facial affect recognition. However, the neural networks underlying these impairments have yet to be identified. In the current study, 42 individuals with moderate to severe TBI and 23 healthy controls performed a task of facial affect recognition (Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT)) in order to assess their ability to identify and discriminate six emotions: happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, shame, and fear. These individuals also underwent structural neuroimaging including diffusion tensor imaging to examine white matter (WM) integrity. Correlational analyses were performed to determine where in the brain WM damage was associated with performance on the facial affect recognition task. Reduced performance on the FEIT was associated with reduced WM integrity (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity) in the inferior lo...
In vivo analysis of gallstone composition by computed tomography

In vivo computed tomography (CT) of the gallbladder was performed in 39 patients with known cholelithiasis and subsequently correlated with the chemical composition of the retrieved gallstones. Six CT patterns were identified: pattern I, negative defect within the bile; pattern 2, nonvisualization of calculi; pattern 3, faint homogeneous central calcification; pattern 4A, thin rim of calcification; pattern 4B, thick rim of calcification; pattern 5, dense homogeneous central calcification. These CT patterns correlated well with cholesterol (p=0.05) and calcium bilirubinate (p=0.01) contents and CT attenuation values (p<0.001). The most common pattern was CT pattern 2 (56.5%). The authors conclude that there is good correlation of the CT pattern with gallstone composition. This simple approach can be used to help identify patients for therapy with chemical dissolution and/or lithotripsy.
Neyman's C(α) test as a GLRT

Abstract For certain problems, it is shown that Neyman's C (α) test is asymptotically equivalent to a generalized likelihood ratio test.
Immediate early genes and p21 regulation in liver of rats with acute hepatic failure

Abstract It has been observed that liver regeneration in acute hepatic failure (AHF) is suppressed [Eguchi et al. Hepatology 1996;24(6):1452–9]. The molecular mechanism regulating this inhibition is not known. We previously reported that in AHF rats, hepatocyte proliferation was significantly impaired with elevation in serum IL-6, TGF-β1, and HGF [Kamohara et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;273(1):129–35]. Following either 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) or liver injury, quiescent mature hepatocytes are “primed” to re-enter the cell cycle. The process of “priming” appears to be triggered by extracellular cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) and is characterized by expression of immediate early genes. Under the stimulation of growth factors such as HGF, “primed” hepatocytes exit the G1 phase of the cell cycle. G1-associated cyclins and their inhibitors play a pivotal role in G1/S cell cycle transition. Here, we demonstrate that immediate early gene (i.e. c-myc, c-fos) expression and AP-1 activity are preserved in AHF rat livers despite absence of hepatocyte proliferation. In contrast, p21 mRNA and protein are both over-expressed in AHF livers compared to livers from rats undergoing PH; this elevation leads to inhibition in Cdk2 activity, resulting in G1 cell cycle arrest and inhibition of regeneration.
Hyperfine magnetic field on Cd-111 in Heusler alloys Co2MnZ (Z = Si, Ga, Ge, Sn)

The time differential perturbed angular correlation method has been used to measure, as a function of temperature, the hyperfine magnetic field at Cd sites in the Heusler alloys Co2MnZ (Z = Si, Ga, Ge, Sn). The hyperfine fields, normalized to the total magnetic moment per formula unit, show an approximately linear trend toward more positive values with increasing lattice parameter.
Characteristics of Trench-Refilled 4H-SiC P-N Junction Diodes Fabricated by Selective Epitaxial Growth

Selective nitrogen doping of 4H-SiC by epitaxial growth using TaC as the high temperature mask has been demonstrated. Nomarski optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to characterize selective growth of SiC. In addition, 250µm square shaped p-n junction diodes by selective n type epitaxial growth on p type epi layer were fabricated. The refilled fingers with different width were designed to vary the periphery/area (P/A) ratio. The effects of P/A ratio on the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics have been investigated. The ideality factor extracted from J-V characteristics is ≈2 at temperature range of 25-275°C, which indicates that the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination is the dominant mechanism in the conduction region. The reverse leakage current did not show dependence on P/A ratio for trench refilled diodes. The room temperature reverse leakage current density at 100V is less than 3.5×10-7 A/cm2 for all diodes. Also, the reverse leakage current did not increase significantly with temperature up to 275°C. The breakdown voltages measured at room temperature are about 450V and 400V for diodes without and with fingers, respectively.
Structural Studies, Surface Properties, and Photoluminescence Behaviour of Silicon Nanocrystals

A method for synthesizing crystalline and/or amorphous silicon nanoparticles (3–30 nm diameter) is discussed. The photoluminescence (PL) behaviour of these particles is studied as crystallinity, size, surface stoichiometry, and excitation frequency are varied. Orange-red photoluminescence (PL), similar to that reported for “porous silicon,” is observed. The wavelength dependence of this PL is not a function of size, but rather particle crystallinity. A separate PL feature, near 430 nm, is reported. No size dependent effects are observed for this feature.
Integrated x-ray and charged particle active pixel CMOS sensor arrays using an epitaxial silicon-sensitive region

Integrated CMOS Active Pixel Sensor (APS) arrays have been fabricated and tested using X-ray and electron sources. The 128 by 128 pixel arrays, designed in a standard 0.25 micron process, use a {approx}10 micron epitaxial silicon layer as a deep detection region. The epitaxial layer has a much greater thickness than the surface features used by standard CMOS APS, leading to stronger signals and potentially better signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). On the other hand, minority carriers confined within the epitaxial region may diffuse to neighboring pixels, blur images and reduce peak signal intensity. But for low-rate, sparse-event images, centroid analysis of this diffusion may be used to increase position resolution. Careful trade-offs involving pixel size and sense-node area verses capacitance must be made to optimize overall performance. The prototype sensor arrays, therefore, include a range of different pixel designs, including different APS circuits and a range of different epitaxial layer contact structures. The fabricated arrays were tested with 1.5 GeV electrons and Fe-55 X-ray sources, yielding a measured noise of 13 electrons RMS and an SNR for single Fe-55 X-rays of greater than 38.
Physical fitness programs for adults

Abstract The sedentary habits, occupational stresses and high caloric intake of adults have spurred an interest in physical exercise. Participation in some form of physical activity is necessary to maintain acceptable levels of muscular strength, range of motion of the joints, and endurance. Ideally, each person over the age of 35 years should have a progressive exercise test administered by a physician before undertaking an exercise program. An exercise prescription must take into account the type of activity, intensity of training, frequency of participation and duration of each exercise session. Both an understanding of exercise physiology and a knowledge of exercise programs are essential to sound patient counseling and management.
Dynamic fault detection chassis for the 1MW high voltage converter modulator system at the spallation neutron source

The high frequency switching megawatt-class High Voltage Converter Modulator (HVCM) developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory for the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is now in operation. One of the major problems with the modulator systems is shoot-thru conditions that can occur in an IGBT H-bridge topology resulting in large fault currents and device failure in a few microseconds. The Dynamic Fault Detection Chassis (DFDC) is a fault monitoring system. It monitors transformer flux saturation using a window comparator and dV/dt events on the cathode voltage caused by any abnormality such as capacitor breakdown, transformer primary turns shorts, or dielectric breakdown between the transformer primary and secondary. If faults are detected, the DFDC will inhibit the IGBT gate drives and shut the system down, significantly reducing the possibility of a shoot- thru condition or other equipment damaging events. In this paper, we will present system integration considerations, performance characteristics of the DFDC, and discuss its ability to significantly reduce costly down time for the entire facility.
De novo assembly of the pennycress (Thlaspi arvense) transcriptome provides tools for the development of a winter cover crop and biodiesel feedstock

SUMMARY Field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) has potential as an oilseed crop that may be grown during fall (autumn) and winter months in the Midwestern United States and harvested in the early spring as a biodiesel feedstock. There has been little agronomic improvement in pennycress through traditional breeding. Recent advances in genomic technologies allow for the development of genomic tools to enable rapid improvements to be made through genomic assisted breeding. Here we report an annotated transcriptome assembly for pennycress. RNA was isolated from representative plant tissues, and 203 million unique Illumina RNA-seq reads were produced and used in the transcriptome assembly. The draft transcriptome assembly consists of 33 873 contigs with a mean length of 1242 bp. A global comparison of homology between the pennycress and Arabidopsis transcriptomes, along with four other Brassicaceae species, revealed a high level of global sequence conservation within the family. The final assembly was functionally annotated, allowing for the identification of putative genes controlling important agronomic traits such as flowering and glucosinolate metabolism. Identification of these genes leads to testable hypotheses concerning their conserved function and to rational strategies to improve agronomic properties in pennycress. Future work to characterize isoform variation between diverse pennycress lines and develop a draft genome sequence for pennycress will further direct trait improvement.
Being overweight increases susceptibility to indoor pollutants among urban children with asthma

Background Both being overweight and exposure to indoor pollutants, which have been associated with worse health of asthmatic patients, are common in urban minority populations. Whether being overweight is a risk factor for the effects of indoor pollutant exposure on asthma health is unknown. Objectives We sought to examine the effect of weight on the relationship between indoor pollutant exposure and asthma health in urban minority children. Methods One hundred forty-eight children (age, 5-17 years) with persistent asthma were followed for 1 year. Asthma symptoms, health care use, lung function, pulmonary inflammation, and indoor pollutants were assessed every 3 months. Weight category was based on body mass index percentile. Results Participants were predominantly African American (91%) and had public health insurance (85%). Four percent were underweight, 52% were normal weight, 16% were overweight, and 28% were obese. Overweight or obese participants had more symptoms associated with exposure to fine particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5 ) than normal-weight participants across a range of asthma symptoms. Overweight or obese participants also had more asthma symptoms associated with nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposure than normal-weight participants, although this was not observed across all types of asthma symptoms. Weight did not affect the relationship between exposure to coarse particulate matter measuring between 2.5 and 10 μm in diameter and asthma symptoms. Relationships between indoor pollutant exposure and health care use, lung function, or pulmonary inflammation did not differ by weight. Conclusion Being overweight or obese can increase susceptibility to indoor PM 2.5 and NO 2 in urban children with asthma. Interventions aimed at weight loss might reduce asthma symptom responses to PM 2.5 and NO 2 , and interventions aimed at reducing indoor pollutant levels might be particularly beneficial in overweight children.
A staged service innovation model

Drawing from the new product development (NPD) literature, service quality literature (SERVQUAL), and empirically grounded research with 53 service innovation decision makers, we develop a staged service innovation model (SIM) for decision makers. We tested the model using empirical data from 329 firms across five industries. The empirical results show that integrating prelaunch service quality training into new service development process leads to successful service innovation. The model developed in this article can be used as a decision support tool and diagnostic model for assessing service innovation ideas, evaluating performance of ongoing service innovations, allocating resources, and improving success rate of service innovations. Decision makers can use the measures developed in this study as a checklist to identify their strengths in delivering service quality to their own customers as well as areas of improvement. This article extends service innovation research by combining NPD and service quality development into a single study and opens the door to further work that could help improve the success rate of service innovations. The model can serve as a base model for future research extensions in service innovation research. A major takeaway for the academic reader is that the SIM demonstrates the value of using the SERVQUAL literature to understand how best to provide excellent quality that results in more fully satisfied customers and, ultimately, improved service performance.
Involvement of Phospholipase D in Wound-Induced Accumulation of Jasmonic Acid in Arabidopsis

Multiple forms of phospholipase D (PLD) were activated in response to wounding, and the expressions of PLDα, PLDβ, and PLDγ differed in wounded Arabidopsis leaves. Antisense abrogation of the common plant PLD, PLDα, decreased the wound induction of phosphatidic acid, jasmonic acid (JA), and a JA-regulated gene for vegetative storage protein. Examination of the genes involved in the initial steps of oxylipin synthesis revealed that abrogation of the PLDα attenuated the wound-induced expression of lipoxygenase 2 (LOX2) but had no effect on allene oxide synthase (AOS) or hydroperoxide lyase in wounded leaves. The systemic induction of LOX2, AOS, and vegetative storage protein was lower in the PLDα-suppressed plants than in wild-type plants, with AOS exhibiting a distinct pattern. These results indicate that activation of PLD mediates wound induction of JA and that LOX2 is probably a downstream target through which PLD promotes the production of JA.