cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of vitamins C and E in (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids-enriched Artemia nauplii on growth, survival, and stress resistance of fresh water walleye Stizostedion vitreum larvae

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of enriching Artemia nauplii with vitamin C (ascorbyl-6 palmitate) or vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate), 20% w/w, together with a mixture of concentrated eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) on the growth, survival, and stress resistance of fresh water walleye Stizostedion vitreum larvae. Either cod liver oil (CLO) or EPA/DHA ethyl esters concentrate was used as lipid sources in the Artemia enrichment. Walleye larvae were fed ad libitum for 40 days. At day 40, submersion in salt water (25 g L−1) was performed to evaluate larvae resistance to stress. EPA and DHA levels in walleye juveniles fed EPA/DHA-enriched Artemia increased significantly, by an average of 650% compared with fish fed non-enriched Artemia. A significant increase was found for vitamins C (71.8 ± 1.0 and 42.7 ± 1.2 μg g−1 wet weight (WW)) and E (17.0 ± 3.7 and 6.5 ± 0.9 μg g−1WW) concentrations in fish fed enriched and unenriched Artemia, respectively. Growth was comparable throughout treatments, whereas survival was significantly higher in fish fed CLO-enriched Artemia nauplii compared with fish fed Artemia nauplii enriched with EPA/DHA concentrate. The addition of vitamin C increased fish survival by 1.4-fold compared with fish fed Artemia enriched with only EPA/DHA concentrate. The survival of the latter was similar to control fish (Artemia without enrichment). The supplementation of vitamin E did not affect fish survival significantly. Stress tests revealed that the resistance of walleye larvae to salinity changes increased when Artemia enrichment was supplemented with vitamin C. However, walleye larvae fed CLO-enriched Artemia had the best performances in the stress test.
Regulation of human Th9 differentiation by type I interferons and IL-21

Interleukin (IL)-9-producing CD4+ T cells are a novel subset of T helper (Th) cells that develops independently of the Th1, Th2, Th17 and regulatory T-cell lineages. Similar to the murine model, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-4 directed human naive CD4+ T cells to produce IL-9. Whereas IL-4 suppressed TGF-β-induced Foxp3 expression, TGF-β failed to inhibit IL-4-mediated upregulation of the Th2 transcription factor GATA-3. Addition of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β or IL-21 to Th9-polarizing conditions augmented Th9 differentiation, while the Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ and IL-27 partially suppressed IL-9 production. Given that T cells are a primary source of IL-21, IL-21 expression was analyzed under Th9-polarizing conditions in the context of inflammatory cytokines. Surprisingly, type I IFNs induced elevated levels of IL-21, and blockade of IL-21 abrogated their ability to enhance Th9 differentiation. Taken together, these data indicate a complex cytokine network in the regulation of human IL-9-producing CD4+ T cells.
Effects of norepinephrine and phenylephrine on myocardial energetics

Abstract The effects of intravenous norepinephrine and phenylephrine on myocardial V O 2 of 20 intact anesthetized dogs were studied. Ventricular pressure, flow, volume, and V O 2 were measured, and mean systolic force, pressure-time and force-time, fiber velocity, work and power of cardiac contraction were calculated. The best correlation of V O 2 was with power in the control state but there was also a significant correlation of V O 2 with work and force parameters. This correlation remained highly significant during catecholamine infusion only for work and power, whereas the correlation with pressure-time or force-time disappeared. Stroke work correlated closely (r = 0.96) with contractile element work. Myocardial anaerobiosis did not conribute significantly to energy requirement. The mean efficiency of contraction was slightly increased by these agents. Correlation of V O 2 with stroke power or contractile element power was not significantly better than the correlation with stroke work, suggesting that the net effect, if any, of fiber velocity on myocardial oxygen consumption in the intact heart is small.
Anion Complexation and The Hofmeister Effect

The 1H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the binding of the ClO4− anion to the hydrophobic, concave binding site of a deep-cavity cavitand is presented. The strength of association between the host and the ClO4− anion is controlled by both the nature and concentration of co-salts in a manner that follows the Hofmeister series. A model that partitions this trend into the competitive binding of the co-salt anion to the hydrophobic pocket of the host and counterion binding to its external carboxylate groups successfully accounts for the observed changes in ClO4− affinity.
Functional Demands on the Cell Proliferative Activity of the Rat Periodontium Studied Autoradiographically

Functional demands on the cell proliferative activity of the rat periodontium were studied autoradiographically with tritiated thymidine. Labeling indexes were assessed for fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and cementoblasts in the regions of the first molars of the maxilla and the mandible. Fibroblasts had the highest labeling index.
Cooperation among tectonic and surface processes in the St. Elias Range, Earth's highest coastal mountains

Investigations of tectonic and surface processes have shown a clear relationship between climate-influenced erosion and long-term exhumation of rocks. Numerical models suggest that most orogens are in a transient state, but observational evidence of a spatial shift in mountain building processes due to tectonic-climate interaction is missing. New thermochronology data synthesized with geophysical and surface process data elucidate the evolving interplay of erosion and tectonics of the colliding Yakutat microplate with North America. Focused deformation and rock exhumation occurred in the apex of the colliding plate corner from > 4 to 2 Ma and shifted southward after the 2.6 Ma climate change. The present exhumation maximum coincides with the largest modern shortening rates, highest concentration of seismicity, and the greatest erosive potential. We infer that the high sedimentation caused rheological modification and the emergence of the southern St. Elias, intercepting orographic precipitation and shifting focused erosion and exhumation to the south.
The Use of a Reagent Gel To Locate LDH Isoenzymes Separated on Cellulose Acetate Membranes

In a technic for locating the isoenzymes of LDH following electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes, the membrane is laid on an agar gel containing all of the necessary reagents.
Considering alternative calculations of weight suppression

Weight suppression (WS)--the difference between an individual's highest adult weight and current weight-relates to eating pathology and weight gain; however, there are several methodological issues associated with its calculation. The current study presents four alternative methods of calculating WS and tests whether these methods differentially relate to maladaptive outcomes. Alternative methods of calculation included: (1) change in BMI units; (2) BMI category change; (3) percent change in weight; and (4) two different uses of regression residuals. A sample of undergraduate students (N=631) completed self-report measures of eating pathology, current and past weight, and teasing. Measures included the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and the Perceptions of Teasing Scale. Results indicated that components of WS, current weight and highest weight, were strongly related in the present sample. The traditional method of calculating WS was related to eating pathology, binge eating and teasing for both males and females. However, WS indices orthogonal to the highest weight did not correlate with eating pathology and teasing in both males and females; for females, WS indices orthogonal to current weight were also unrelated to eating pathology. Findings suggest that the link between WS and eating pathology is mitigated after accounting for an individual's highest weight. Future research should continue to assess the reliability and clinical utility of this construct and consider using alternative WS calculations.
Pharmacokinetics and hemodialyzability of cefazolin in uremic patients

Cefazolin may be used in azotemic patients at reduced dosage as suggested by others. Although hemodialysis removes some of the drug, therapeutic levels are maintained throughout dialysis after a single intravenous dose of 500 mg. Imperfect transport from blood to dialysate is related to protein binding but varies with the degree of azotemia. Small amounts of cefazolin may be administered to patients during dialysis by addition to dialysate.
Impact of partial dopamine depletion on cognitive flexibility in BDNF heterozygous mice

Cognitive flexibility is a key component of executive function and is disrupted in major psychiatric disorders. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts neuromodulatory effects on synaptic transmission and cognitive/affective behaviors. However, the causal mechanisms linking BDNF hypofunction with executive deficits are not well understood. Here, we assessed the consequences of BDNF hemizygosity on cognitive flexibility in mice performing an operant conditioning task. As dopaminergic-glutamatergic interaction in the striatum is important for cognitive processing, and BDNF heterozygous (BDNF+/−) mice display a higher dopamine tone in the dorsal striatum, we also assessed the effects of partial striatal dopamine depletion on task performance and glutamate release. BDNF+/− mice acquired discrimination learning as well as new rule learning during set-shifting as efficiently as wild-type mice. However, partial removal of striatal dopaminergic inputs with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) impaired these cognitive processes by impeding the maintenance of a new learning strategy in both genotypes. BDNF mutants exhibited performance impairments during reversal learning, and these deficits were associated with increased perseveration to the previously acquired strategy. Partial dopamine depletion of the striatum reversed these cognitive impairments. Additionally, reduction in depolarization-evoked glutamate release noted in the dorsal striatum of BDNF+/− mice was not observed in 6-OHDA-infused BDNF mutants indicating normalization of glutamatergic transmission in these animals. Our data illustrate that BDNF signaling regulates cognitive control processes presumably by maintaining striatal dopamine-glutamate balance. Moreover, aberrations in BDNF signaling may act as a common neurobiological substrate that accounts for executive dysfunction observed in multiple psychiatric conditions.
The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts

The understanding of how osteoclasts are generated and whether they can be altered by inflammatory stimuli is a topic of particular interest for osteoclastogenesis. It is known that the monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to osteoclasts (OCs) by the action of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce cell differentiation through their receptors, c-fms and RANK, respectively. The multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) generated by the engagement of RANK/RANKL are typical OCs. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the question of which subset of macrophages generates OCs. Indeed, two main subsets of macrophages are postulated, the inflammatory or classically activated type (M1) and the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated type (M2). It has been proposed that macrophages can be polarized in vitro towards a predominantly M1 or M2 phenotype with the addition of granulocyte macrophage- (GM-) CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Various inflammatory stimuli known to induce macrophage polarization, such as LPS or TNF-α, can alter the type of MGC obtained from RANKL-induced differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of immune-related stimuli and factors in inducing macrophages towards the osteoclastogenesis choice.
New approaches to therapy of cancers of the stomach, colon and pancreas based on peptide analogs

Cancers of the stomach, colon and exocrine pancreas are major international health problems and result in more than a million deaths worldwide each year. The therapies for these malignancies must be improved. The effects of gastrointestinal (GI) hormonal peptides and endogenous growth factors on these cancers were reviewed. Some GI peptides, including gastrin and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) (mammalian bombesin), appear to be involved in the growth of neoplasms of the GI tract. Certain growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and epidermal growth factor and their receptors that regulate cell proliferation are also implicated in the development and progression of GI cancers. Experimental investigations on gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers with analogs of somatostatin, antagonists of bombesin/GRP, antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone as well as cytotoxic peptides that can be targeted to peptide receptors on tumors were summarized. Clinical trials on peptide analogs in patients with gastric, colorectal and pancreatic cancers were reviewed and analyzed. It may be possible to develop new approaches to hormonal therapy of GI malignancies based on various peptide analogs.
Effects of Noncontingent Social Interaction on Immediate and Subsequent Engagement in Vocal and Motor Stereotypy in Children With Autism

This study evaluated the effects of noncontingent social interaction (SI) on immediate and subsequent engagement in vocal and motor stereotypy in three children with autism. During SI, a therapist delivered continuous interaction in the form of reading aloud from a Kindle™ e-reader. Results showed that when compared with a no-interaction baseline sequence, SI decreased immediate engagement vocal stereotypy for all three participants without increasing subsequent engagement for any participant. Furthermore, SI also increased immediate engagement in motor stereotypy for one participant, decreased immediate engagement in motor stereotypy for two participants, but did not increase subsequent engagement in motor stereotypy for any participant. Some clinical implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.
Interferometric methods for label-free molecular interaction studies.

Interferometry has long been a valuable tool for measuring both the micro- and macroworlds, from solar dimensions to DNA interactions. On the biosensing frontier, a number of interferometric systems have been developed which offer significant advantages over traditional methods for measuring molecular interactions. In particular, interferometry enables the detection and study of binding events without the use of expensive and disruptive labels. Recent advancements in technologies utilizing interferometry have made significant improvements in the last several years. For example, diffraction optics has been improved through the use of nanowire gratings and multiple geometries, resulting in enhanced multiplexing and an increased instrument dynamic range. Innovations in dual polarization have demonstrated the ability to measure kinetics while simultaneously capturing structural information about the binding partners. Waveguiding microresonators, such as the microring resonator, have shown exquisite sensitivities while maintaining a straightforward and inexpensive multiplex format. New biosensing technologies have also come forward, such as backscattering interferometry which uniquely offers the additional advantage of measuring binding interactions in free solution while still using small amounts of sample.
The Effect of Monosodium Glutamate on GDH, GOT, and GPT Levels in Mice

SummaryMonosodium glutamate and monosodium aspartate were injected subcutaneously in newborn and weanling mice. The brains and livers were excised and GDH, GOT, and GPT levels were measured. Monosodium glutamate or monosodium aspartate administration resulted in 2-3-fold increases in activities in both the brains and livers of newborn mice. However, the injection of either monosodium glutamate or monosodium aspartate, resulted in no significant effect on the enzymes measured in the brains and livers of weanling mice.
Factors related to hepatitis B screening among Africans in New York City.

Objective To understand factors that US Africans identify as barriers and facilitators for accessing hepatitis B (HBV) screening. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted and guided by the PEN-3 model to elicit culturally driven information in minority communities. Results Interviews were conducted with 22 US Africans. Salient themes that emerged were HBV knowledge, complexity of the US medical system, unaccustomed to preventive care, language and health literacy, availability and accessibility of screening, fear of disclosure, reliance on faith community, stigma of HBV, primacy towards a higher power on illnesses, and social systems influences. Conclusions Findings were consistent with other at-risk populations, however, emphasis on privacy and fear of disclosure are distinct to Africans. This reinforces the need for a culturally targeted intervention for this at-risk population.
Withholding Information to Protect a Loved One.

Parents respond to the death of a child in very different ways. Some parents may be violent or angry, some sad and tearful, some quiet and withdrawn, and some frankly delusional. We present a case in which a father’s reaction to his daughter’s death is a desire to protect his wife from the stressful information. The wife is in the second trimester of a high-risk pregnancy and so is particularly fragile. We asked pediatricians and bioethicists to discuss the ways in which they might respond to the father’s understandable but troubling request.
Some Questions In Making Enterprises Standards According to GB/T1

GB/T1 and its relative standards are the basis of drawing up all kinds of standards. Enterprises should draft their standards according to the reality, meanwhile considering the market demand to the full ,in order to highlight the practicality of standards.
The Parent Mealtime Action Scale revised (PMAS-R): Psychometric characteristics and associations with variables of clinical interest

The purpose of the present study was to provide a revised and more psychometrically-examined version of the Parent Mealtime Action Scale (PMAS-R), then to examine how well the PMAS-R subscales explained variance for four variables relevant in clinical settings. Study participants included 238 parents of children referred to a hospital-based feeding program (72.3% male children; mean age = 72.2 months; 80 with autism spectrum disorder, 77 with other special needs, 81 with no special needs). Parents completed questionnaires to report child demographics and diet habits. Parents also used a five-point rating instead of the original three-point rating to report their usage of the 31 PMAS feeding practices. Using five-point ratings, the nine subscales of the PMAS-R demonstrated improved internal reliability and test-retest reliability compared to those published for the original PMAS. ANCOVA indicated that special needs status was the child demographic variable most associated with PMAS-R feeding practices. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that after controlling for child demographics, the nine PMAS-R subscales explained 26-49% of the variance for four variables of clinical interest (fruit and vegetable consumption, snack consumption, total food variety, and weight status). These variables of clinical interest were most often associated with "permissive" feeding practices including low Daily Fruit and Vegetable (FV) Availability, rarely using Insistence on Eating during meals, often using Many Food Choices, and often using Child-Selected Meals. The present study provides a more psychometrically-sound measure of child feeding practices, documents the association between "permissive feeding" and variables of clinical interest, and identifies specific parent practices included in "permissive feeding".
G20(P) Typhlitis in children receiving chemotherapy

Background and aims Children receiving chemotherapy are at an increased risk of typhlitis, also known as neutropenic enterocolitis. It is characterised by fever and abdominal pain in a neutropenic patient receiving chemotherapy. It is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in paediatric haemato-oncology patients. We review our experience with typhlitis in children with cancer over the past 5 years. Most cases can be managed conservatively but one case importantly highlights the rare need for surgical intervention. Methods A retrospective analysis of case notes was performed of all paediatric haemato-oncology patients with typhlitis at a tertiary paediatric hospital from January 2011 till present. Results We report 6 cases of typhlitis at our institution over the last 5 years. 3 patients had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), one had haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), one had relapsed Wilm’s tumour and one had neuroblastoma. 3 were male; 3 were female. Median age at diagnosis was 12 years (range 5–16 years). All 6 cases had presented with abdominal pain, neutropenia and fever. Neutrophil count ranged from zero to 0.67 × 10 9 /l. Radiological investigation by US/CT showed bowel wall thickening in all 6 cases in keeping with typhlitis. All patients initially received conservative medical management with bowel rest, intravenous nutritional support, broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics and sometimes G-CSF support. PICU support was needed for some these patients (both inotropic support and ventilation). All patients improved with neutrophil recovery but one patient had prolonged neutropenia and required definitive surgical management and hemicolectomy. Conclusion Typhlitis is a life-threatening complication in paediatric haemato-oncology patients particularly those receiving intensive chemotherapy with corticosteroid exposure and prolonged periods of neutropenia. Most cases can be managed conservatively however surgical intervention may be required in few cases that fail aggressive medical management or develop complications such as perforation. Increased clinical awareness of typhlitis is necessary to establish an early diagnosis. Radiological investigation with US/CT is essential to make a definitive diagnosis. Early surgical opinion is required for appropriate management.
HETEROGENEITY OF CORPORATE PARENTS AND THE PARADOX OF CORPORATE VENTURE CAPITAL: A SOCIAL CAPITAL APPROACH

We add to the literature on corporate venture capital (CVC) by examining the effect of corporate parent heterogeneity on CVC activity, and specifically on the “paradox” of CVC, whereby startups avoid investment from corporate partners in the same industry. We draw on social capital theory to develop a model of corporate parent characteristics representing either potential benefits (i.e., social capital) or risks (i.e., social liability) to startups, which impact the likelihood of CVC investment. We argue that startups balance these risks and benefits when seeking a corporate partner, suggesting an interplay between social capital and liability as an underlying determinant of the strength of the paradox of CVC.
Earthquake Early Warning: ShakeAlert in the Pacific Northwest

We evaluate the performance of earthquake early warning algorithm ElarmS‐2 (earthquake alarm system v. 2) in the Pacific Northwest. Real‐time and prerecorded seismic data from Oregon, California, and Washington in the United States and British Columbia in Canada are used. The earthquakes tested range up to moment magnitude 7.2, the limit for which the ElarmS‐2 magnitude method is accurate. ElarmS‐2 reliably detects catalog magnitude 3 and larger earthquakes within the network, but the cut‐off magnitude for accurate event recognition is higher for events offshore and on the edges of the network. We have made several adjustments that make the ElarmS‐2 algorithm less likely to falsely report multiple alerts for earthquakes. Replaying of past earthquakes shows that the new settings improve the algorithm’s behavior for edge cases while not degrading previously well‐constrained solutions within the dense part of the network. We expect few false alerts, none that would predict significant shaking anywhere in our region. Even though ElarmS‐2 assumes a fixed earthquake depth, the epicenter and magnitude estimates are accurate enough to provide good predictions of shaking intensities. Online Material: Tables listing parameters of 31 calibration earthquakes, ElarmS‐2 real‐time detections, and comparison of ElarmS‐2 performance for calibration events before and after adjusting configuration.
A method to rank nodes in an RDF graph

Despite the increasing popularity of RDF as a data representation method, there is no accepted measure of the importance of nodes in an RDF graph. Such a measure could be used to sort the nodes returned by a SPARQL query or to find the important concepts in an RDF graph. In this paper we propose a graph-theoretic measure called noc-order for ranking nodes in RDF graphs based on the notion of centrality. We illustrate that this method is able to capture interesting global properties of the underlying RDF graph using study cases from different knowledge domains. We also show how well noc-order behaves even if the underlying data has some noise, i.e. superfluous and/or erroneous data. Finally, we discuss how information about the importance of different predicates either based on their informativeness, prior semantic information about them or user preferences can be incorporated into this measure. We show the effects of such modifications to the ranking method by examples.
The Struggle for Pakistan: A Muslim Homeland and Global Politics. By Ayesha Jalal. (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014. Pp. xii, 435. $35.00.)

This valuable addition to the author's substantial body of scholarly work brings together her insights on Muslim representations in colonial India and on the contestations for power in postcolonial...
Surgery for Migraine: An Evidence-Based Review

In patients with chronic migraine headaches that are refractory to medical treatment, surgical decompression has proven effective. The vast majority of these patients experience complete migraine elimination or significant improvement. However, in order to achieve those outcomes, the surgeon must accurately determine the trigger site or sites at the root of the migraines, understand the anatomy of the compression points involved, and achieve complete surgical decompression of the trigger site. This chapter provides an overview of trigger site localization, compression point anatomy, and techniques for surgical decompression, as well as clinical outcomes.
Metrolingualism: language in the city

Metrolingualism: Language in the City, co-authored by Alastair Pennycook and Emi Otsuji, draws on ethnographic research in Tokyo and Sydney to examine the interrelationships between language and ur...
The Theory of Process Integrity and Global Analysis for Process Monitoring and Diagnosis

Abstract Process supervision is generally static and begins when deviations from admissible limits are detected. This paper develops a predictive measure of process integrity as a dynamic safety metric which includes a measure of distance to failure and the capacity to recover. It is aided by dynamic models, state and parameter estimation and global analysis. The identification of attractors and the domains of attraction is performed by cell mapping. The adaptive technique locates attractors and domains of attraction with multi level localized mapping in state space.
Introduction to Ethnic Landscapes

This chapter defines ethnicity, examines the geographic concept of landscape study, and reviews the geographic study of migration. Landscape components are defined and the impacts of ethnicity upon the cultural landscape are summarized. The chapter explains the many ways that ethnic traditions and values can shape the division and use of the land, determine the types of activities and styles of structures constructed, and result in an ethnic landscape, whether preserved in a homeland, an ethnic island, or simply as a fragment of the cultural landscape. The roles of history, migration, population, and sequence of occupation upon the development and survival of ethnic landscapes are discussed. The generic American landscape, as influenced by the public land survey, the development of railroads, the reliance upon automobile, and the use of space in urban and suburban centers, is reviewed to facilitate the identification of the distinctive elements of the various ethnic landscapes.
MicroRNA-26a inhibits the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma and directly targets on MITF gene

Metastatic melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and is refractory to therapy. MicroRNAs have been recently discovered as novel molecules that provide therapeutic benefits against melanoma. This work aims to examine the effects of miR-26a and let-7a on the growth and invasiveness of malignant melanoma in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we elucidate the mechanism of action by identifying the target gene of miR-26a. Both miR-26a and let-7a inhibited proliferation and invasiveness and halted the cell cycle at the G1/G0 phase in SKMEL-28 and WM1552C malignant melanoma cell lines. Moreover, miR-26a potently induced apoptosis and downregulated the expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and MAP4K3 in both cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-26a suppresses MITF expression by binding the 3′-UTR, suggesting that MITF is a bona fide target of miR-26a. SiRNA knockdown of the MITF gene confirmed that miR-26a reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis by regulating MITF. Using a murine model, we also found miR-26a significantly retarded the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo. In conclusion, miR-26a and let-7a suppressed the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, suggesting that miR-26a and let-7a may represent novel therapies for malignant melanoma.
Making markets : A comparative study of postcommunist managerial strategies in Central Europe

The transition from "socialism" to "capitalism" was apart from being the defining phenomenon of the late twentieth century an unprecedented natural experiment in societal transformation and organizational restructuring. Before the revolutions, the economies in Eastern Europe were almost entirely state owned and centrally planned; today the property of most postcommunist countries is predominantly in private hands and is market integrated. According to neo-classical "transition economics," as articulated by the leading economists studying the transition as well as the World Bank and other International Financial Institutions, the creation of private property and the freeing of markets should have created enterprise restructuring leading to rapid growth at the national level after a brief period of "readjustment."
The Genesis of the Abstract Group Concept: A Contribution to the History of the Origin of Abstract Group Theory. By Hans Wussing

(1986). The Genesis of the Abstract Group Concept: A Contribution to the History of the Origin of Abstract Group Theory. By Hans Wussing. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 10, pp. 823-826.
Electrosorption of organic acids from aqueous bio-oil and conversion into hydrogen via microbial electrolysis cells

Abstract Neutralization of the bio-oil pH has been shown to generate a neutralized bio-oil aqueous phase (NBOAP) that includes most of the acidic components and a neutralized bio-oil organic phase (NBOOP) that includes hydrophobic organics, such as phenols. NBOOP can be used for fuel production, while NBOAP can be fed to microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for hydrogen production. After pH neutralization, some organic acidic components remain in NBOOP. This work is focused on capturing acidic compounds from NBOOP through water extraction and electrosorption, and demonstrating hydrogen production via MECs. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is proven effective in capturing ions from NBOOP-contacted water and NBOAP via electrosorption. Captured acidic compounds enable the MEC application to effectively produce renewable hydrogen. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 49.2%, 61.5%, and 60.8% for 2, 4, and 10 g/L-anode/day loading were observed, corresponding to a total COD degradation of 0.19 g/L, 0.79 g/L, and 1.3 g/L, respectively. A maximum hydrogen productivity of 4.3 L-H2/L-anode/day was obtained. Major compounds in the water phase such as fatty acids, sugar derivatives, furanic and phenolic compounds were converted to hydrogen with an efficiency of 80–90%. This approach may lead the entire biomass pyrolysis process to be an overall carbon-neutral process.
Inundation Modeling of the 1964 Tsunami in Kodiak Island, Alaska

In this work a numerical modeling method is used to study tsunami waves generated by the Great Alaska earthquake of 1964, and their impact on Kodiak Island communities. The numerical model is based on the nonlinear shallow water equations of motion and continuity which are solved by a finite-difference method. We compare two different source models for the 1964 deformation. It is shown that the results of the near-field inundation modeling strongly depend on the slip distribution within the rupture area. These results are used for evaluation of the tsunami hazard for the Kodiak Island communities.
Cesarean Section: Anesthetic Management and Surgical Technique

Cesarean section can be an elective procedure but more often it is an emergency procedure that is made necessary because of dystocia. A successful outcome for both the maternal and fetal patients is primarily dependent on a thorough understanding of the physiologic alterations during normal and abnormal pregnancy and parturition. A complete history and physical examination are necessary for assessment of the dam and planning of fluid therapy and anesthetic technique. Timely coordination of presurgical preparation, anesthesia, and the surgical procedure is crucial. Because little documentation exists to prove that any one anesthetic protocol is best, this article will stress the basic principles of obstetrical anesthesia and patient management.
Measuring Patient Acuity: Implications for Nurse Staffing and Assignment.

One of the more enduring traditions in nursing is to set staffing based on the midnight census. One of the main flaws of this approach is the underlying assumption that any point in the day, ostensibly midnight, can predict nursing care needs for patients in hospitals for the rest of the shift or fo
The Effects of Targeted Professional Development on Teachers’ Use of Empirically Supported Classroom Management Practices:

Teachers receive limited training and support in classroom management, making it incumbent on school leaders to provide efficient and effective professional development supports. We explored the ef...
Challenges during transitions and in doctoral education

Abstract Industry and academia respondents shared candid stories about areas of potential improvement for engineering PhD holders working in academia and industry. Two interview questions were combined to summarize the challenges respondents faced after earning their PhDs. One focused on transitions and the other involved doctoral education. Interviewers asked respondents to discuss the moves they made in their careers and how those moves occurred, along with the ways that they were or were not comfortable during these transitions. Respondents spoke candidly about their perceptions of their experiences transitioning from their engineering PhD programs to work or position changes within their working environments as engineering PhD holders. Specifically, respondents focused on three transitional aspects: (1) any job changes after graduating with an engineering PhD; (2) personal and professional reasons for transitions; and (3) respondents’ degree of comfort with their transitions. The reasons for post PhD job moves included moving across organizations or to positions within the same organization, as well as promotions within an organization. Working on various projects within a position did not count as a job move. Transitions were classified as easy, difficult, or indifferent (i.e., not particularly easy or difficult). For doctoral education, respondents were asked, “Do you think that during your engineering doctoral studies you obtained the skills to do your current job? Why or why not?” For each stewardship question, respondents also were asked if their doctoral education prepared them to engage in generation, conservation, or transformation. Responses were combined and presented across four sectors.
Trajectories in muscular strength and physical function among men with and without prostate cancer in the health aging and body composition study.

OBJECTIVES To examine and compare changes in strength and physical function from pre- to post-diagnosis among men with prostate cancer (PC, [cases]) and matched non-cancer controls identified from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 2 strength and 3 physical function-based measures among both cases and controls, identified from a large cohort of community living older adults enrolled in the Health ABC study. We plotted trajectories for each measure and compared cases vs. controls from the point of diagnosis onwards using mixed-effects regression models. For cases only, we examined predictors of poor strength or physical function. RESULTS We identified 117 PC cases and 453 matched non-cancer controls (50% African Americans). At baseline, there were no differences between cases and controls in demographic factors, comorbidities or self-reported physical function; however, cases had slightly better grip strength (44.6 kg vs. 41.0 kg, p<0.01), quadriceps strength (360.5 Nm vs. 338.7 Nm, p = 0.02) and Health ABC physical performance battery scores (2.4 vs. 2.3, p = 0.01). All men experienced similar declines in strength and physical function over an equivalent amount of time. The loss of quad strength was most notable, with losses of nearly two-thirds of baseline strength over approximately 7 years of follow up. CONCLUSIONS Among both cases and controls, strength and physical function decline with increasing age. The largest declines were seen in lower body strength. Regular assessments should guide lifestyle interventions that can offset age- and treatment-related declines among men with PC.
Youth Space Education and the Future of the GDR

Historians of East Germany often see the state as future-looking, but questions remain about the kinds of futures that East Germans expected. Youth space education provides one example of how East Germans thought about the future. Across the country, spaceflight formed an important part of youth education through books, the Jugendweihe, and places like cosmonaut clubs. Although these activities show how East German adults taught children about space travel, they also illuminate expectations for the future of spaceflight and the future of East Germany's children. In a state that continually proclaimed the imminent future of everyday spaceflight, East German adults, even party members, adopted a particular vision of the future. They taught children that the ideas of space travel would be important for their lives on Earth, while simultaneously questioning the state's optimistic vision for everyday spaceflight.
Discussion and Future Possibilities

It is now just over 50 years since the first artificial knees were invented. Based on data from the recently formed American Joint Replacement Registry, two design types dominate the market, the cruciate retaining (CR) type and the posterior stabilized (PS) type. Both were designed by 1980. It can be asked why these designs became successful. Among the reasons are the influence of the designers and their institutions, the inertia built up by manufacturers, familiarity in the operating room, and satisfactory survivorship and function. Even though several new design types have been introduced before and since 1980, they have not been shown to be superior using PROM evaluations. This however may be partly a limitation of PROMs in distinguishing differences. Nevertheless there are several factors where a new design or technique could be accepted and gain market share. The criteria include greater durability, improved function, quicker recovery time, increased flexion, reduced time and cost of surgery, and strong research and educational support. It is concluded that artificial knees will be used for a long time in the future, on the grounds that they are likely to remain as an effective treatment for arthritis, and there will be further improvements to artificial knees in the coming years.
Gated-ReRAM Based Strategies for On-Chip Supervised Learning

We report a gated-ReRAM synaptic devices-based strategy for on-chip supervised learning. A vacancy-driven compact model for gated-ReRAM is presented and corroborated with experimental results. A supervised learning architecture is proposed that allows the feedback to be provided via gate terminal of gated-ReRAM to update weights in a highly parallel manner.
‘Go left young writers!’: aesthetic and political debates in the New Masses, 1926–1929

Most scholars who have examined the left-wing American publication the New Masses have centred their work on the 1930’s and situated the magazine within a proletarian tradition informed by Michael ...
@PAD: adversarial training of power systems against denial-of-service attacks

In this work, we study the vulnerabilities of protection systems that can detect cyber-attacks in power grid systems. We show that machine learning-based discriminators are not resilient against Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. In particular, we demonstrate that an adversarial actor can launch DoS attacks on specific sensors, render their measurements useless and cause the attack detector to classify a more sophisticated cyber-attack as a normal event. As a result of this, the system operator may fail to take action against attack-related faults leading to a decrease in the operation performance. To realize a DoS attack, we present an optimization problem to determine which sensors to attack within a given budget such that the existing classifier can be deceived. For linear classifiers, this optimization problem can be formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem. In this paper, we extend this optimization problem to find attacks for more complex classifiers such as neural networks. We demonstrate that a neural network, in particular, with RELU activation functions, can be represented as a set of logic formulas using Disjunctive Normal Form, and the optimization problem can be used to efficiently compute a DoS attack. In addition, we propose a defense model that improves the resilience of neural networks against DoS through adversarial training. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the approach using a dataset for classification in power systems.
Utilizing immediate preoperative n-BCA in the resection of head and neck venous and lymphatic malformations.

Abstract Purpose/objective To add to the current literature on single stage excision of head and neck vascular malformations with preoperative n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) glue. Unlike previous studies, this series includes pediatric and adult patients, highlights a single stage partial excision of a complex venous malformation, and describes the first description of using glue prior to resection of a macrocystic lymphatic malformation. Study design Case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary-care adult and pediatric hospital. Subjects and results Four patients (3 males - 9, 13, 25 years, 1 female - 61 years) underwent same day excision of head and neck vascular malformations utilizing immediate preoperative n-BCA glue embolization performed by interventional radiology and otolaryngology, as described by Tieu et al. The indications for resection included bleeding (1/4), pain (3/4), cosmetic deformity (3/4), and discomfort with denture wear (1/4). Prior interventions included none (1/4), cautery and primary closure to control acute hemorrhage (1/4), and sclerotherapy (2/4). Treatments included complete embolization and resection of simple venous malformation (VM)s of the oral cavity/lip (2/4), partial embolization and resection of a complex hemifacial venous malformation (VM) (1/4), and complete embolization and resection of a lymphatic malformation (LM) (1/4). On average, 97 min of anesthesia time was added for the preoperative embolization procedure (range, 94–104 min). All patients had a successful embolization without need for coils. Operative time ranged from 28 to 44 min for the simple cases and was 6 h and 30 min for the complex case. There was minimal blood loss in all cases. There were no associated complications, lesion recurrences, or long-term deficits at an average follow-up of 5 months. The patient with the complex hemifacial VM demonstrated subtle lower facial weakness post-operatively, which completely resolved within two months. Conclusions Treatment of head and neck vascular malformations with preoperative n-BCA glue and subsequent surgical excision is a viable method for both simple and complex lesions. The safety and efficacy of this technique has been demonstrated in the past in a limited number of studies. This study further supports the use of this technique to address patient concerns such as pain or discomfort and cosmetic deformity, even if the lesion is only partially resectable. In our series a lymphatic malformation refractory to sclerotherapy was treated with a similar technique of glue and resection, following aspiration of the mucoid LM fluid. Our series emphasizes that pediatric vascular malformations carry functional and cosmetic deficits into adulthood that can and should be addressed in this patient population. Therefore, same-day embolization and resection should be coordinated when possible, in order to optimize patient safety and convenience.
Atomic imprinting in the absence of an intrinsic length scale

Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have successfully been used to replicate molds that are structured at the nano- and even atomic scale through thermoplastic forming (TPF), an ability that was speculated to be rooted in the glass’ featureless atomic structure. These previous demonstrations of atomically precise imprinting, however, were performed under conditions where mold atomic feature dimensions coincided with the unit cell size of constituents in the BMG. In order to evaluate if accurate atomic-scale replication is possible in general, i.e., independent of the accidental presence of favorable constituent size/feature size relationships, we have used Pt57.5Cu14.7Ni5.3P22.5 to replicate three different crystalline facets of LaAlO3 single crystals, each exposing distinct atomic step heights. We find that in all cases, the terraced surface termination can be copied with remarkable fidelity, corroborating that BMGs when thermoplastic formed are capable of adapting to any externally imposed confinement with sub-angstrom precision without being limited by factors related to the specifics of their internal structure. This unprecedented capability of quasi-limitless replication fidelity reveals that the deformation mechanism in the supercooled liquid state of BMGs is essentially homogeneous and suggests TPF of BMGs to be a versatile toolbox for atomic and precision nanoscale imprinting.