cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic methods for the analysis of the human post-canine dentition.

The human post-canine dentitions are described and analyzed, in terms of the relative plane surface area of the occlusal surface, by electronic methods. Dental casts are duplicated and the marked duplicates are then photographed in a 1:1 relationship. The photographic negatives are digitized, i.e., the points marked on the casts are converted to X and Y coordinates which are recorded on punched cards. Computer facilities are used to convert the X and Y coordinates into mensurational data and to calculate the relative plane surface areas of the crown components and the total relative plane surface of the crown. The accuracy of this method was verified by the statistical analyses.
Nfkb1 Inhibits LPS-Induced IFN-β and IL-12 p40 Production in Macrophages by Distinct Mechanisms

Background Nfkb1-deficient murine macrophages express higher levels of IFN-β and IL-12 p40 following LPS stimulation than control macrophages, but the molecular basis for this phenomenon has not been completely defined. Nfkb1 encodes several gene products including the NF-κB subunit p50 and its precursor p105. p50 is derived from the N-terminal of 105, and p50 homodimers can exhibit suppressive activity when overexpressed. The C-terminal region of p105 is necessary for LPS-induced ERK activation and it has been suggested that ERK activity inhibits both IFN-β and IL-12 p40 following LPS stimulation. However, the contributions of p50 and the C-terminal domain of p105 in regulating endogenous IFN-β(Ifnb) and IL-12 p40 (Il12b) gene expression in macrophages following LPS stimulation have not been directly compared. Methodology/Principal Findings We have used recombinant retroviruses to express p105, p50, and the C-terminal domain of p105 (p105ΔN) in Nfkb1-deficient murine bone marrow-derived macrophages at near endogenous levels. We found that both p50 and p105ΔN inhibited expression of Ifnb, and that inhibition of Ifnb by p105ΔN depended on ERK activation, because a mutant of p105ΔN (p105ΔNS930A) that lacks a key serine necessary to support ERK activation failed to inhibit. In contrast, only p105ΔN but not p50 inhibited Il12b expression. Surprisingly, p105ΔNS930A retained inhibitory activity for Il12b, indicating that ERK activation was not necessary for inhibition. The differential effects of p105ΔNS930A on Ifnb and Il12b expression inversely correlated with the function of one of its binding partners, c-Rel. This raised the possibility that p105ΔNS930A influences gene expression by interfering with the function of c-Rel. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Nfkb1 exhibits multiple gene-specific inhibitory functions following TLR stimulation of murine macrophages.
The parallels between Asclepian and Hippocratic medicine on the island of Kos.

At the end of the 20th century, Hippocratic medicine – which developed at the crossroads between the occidental and oriental civilisations – acts as a link, a bridge and a symbol for the need to combi
Quantitative studies of sequential peripheral nerve fiber diameter histograms and biophysical implications

Abstract Peripheral nerve cross sections were analyzed for the variation in peripheral nerve histograms obtained along a single short segment of cat saphenous nerve. Individual myelinated fibers in one fascicle were traced through nine sequential sections. Two mean fiber diameter histograms were obtained from the sequential cross sections: a “mean fiber diameter histogram” constructed from the arithmetic average of the number of fibers in each bin of each section, and a “histogram of mean fiber diameters” constructed from the mean diameter of each fiber traced through multiple secrtions. Compared to the individual sectional histograms, the number of fibers at the two extremes of the diameter range was generally less and the mean histograms were smoother. The small-diameter peak of the “histogram of mean fiber diameters” was enhanced 22 to 65% over the peak of the individual sectional histograms and 40% over the “mean fiber diameter histogram”. These findings indicate that any single-cross section fiber diameter histogram may be a relatively poor quantitative approximation of the histogram of mean fiber diameters; particularly at the extreme diameters and at the peaks and valleys of the distribution. A computer-based model was developed to adjust single-section fiber diameter histograms to compensate for sampling error associated with single-section histograms. The adjustment procedure enhanced the narrow small diameter peak and broadened the valleys in accordance with the model theory and the experimental results. The biophysical implications of the results were examined in terms of (i) the relationship between fiber diameter and conduction velocity, and (ii) the relationship between fiber diameter histograms and the neural compound action potential.
Probing a tRNA core that contributes to aminoacylation.

Abstract The contribution of the tRNA “core” to aminoacylation is beginning to be recognized. One example is the core region of Escherichia coli tRNA Cys , which has been shown by biochemical studies to be important for aminoacylation. This core has several layers of unusual base-pairs, which are revealed by the recent crystal structure of the tRNA complexed with the elongation factor EF-Tu and an analog of GTP. One of these layers consists of a 9:[13:22] base-triple, rather than the 46:[13:22] or 45:[13:22] base-triple that is commonly observed in tRNA structure. Because 13:22 is an important element in aminoacylation of E. coli tRNA Cys , a better understanding of its structure in the tRNA core will shed light on its role in aminoacylation. In this study, we used the phage T7 transcript of the tRNA as a substrate. We probed the structure of 13:22 by dimethyl sulfate and tested its partner in a base-triple by generating mutations that could be assayed for aminoacylation. The results of this study in general are in a better agreement with a 46:[13:22] base-triple that we previously proposed. Although these results are not interpreted as direct proof for the 46:[13:22] base-triple, they shed new light on features of the tRNA core that are important for aminoacylation.
A Migratory Ungulate Facilitates Cross-Boundary Nitrogen Transport in Forested Landscapes

Forest ungulates impact ecosystems in a number of ways. Most studies have focused on consumptive effects that may cascade to other components of the ecosystem, and tend to be motivated by harvest management or the mitigation of undesired effects on vegetation. In this study, we demonstrate that white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), a common forest ungulate in eastern North America, may directly increase availability and heterogeneity of nitrogen due to excretion of nitrogenous wastes. We conducted fecal pellet counts in 39 winter cover habitat patches, ranging in area from 0.04 to 59.6 ha, each spring for eight consecutive years. Pellet counts were used to develop allometric models of annual deer-associated nitrogen inputs at both whole-stand and fine (<10 m2) spatial scales. Deer-associated nitrogen estimates were in the range of 1–4 kg[N] ha−1 in persistently used patches when estimated at the stand scale. Fine-scale estimates in areas of consistent aggregation were equivalent to up to 20 kg[N] ha−1. These areas, such as bedding sites and trails, experienced greater N inputs compared to the surrounding forest matrix. Annual deer use and associated nitrogen inputs were highly variable over space, and spatial patterns in use were consistent over time at both stand and fine spatial scales. Deer-associated nitrogen likely represents a cross-boundary nitrogen flux into patches of conifer cover because deer accumulate nutrients in other habitat types during the warm season, and lose body mass during winter. Nitrogen hotspots and heterogeneity derived from the nitrogenous wastes of forest ungulates may be a generally overlooked phenomenon in forest ecology, with impacts varying according to ecological context.
A multilevel N log N algorithm for solving boundary integral equation

Multilevel algorithms have been used to generate fast algorithms for Fourier transforms and inversion of matrices in finite element method. They usually involve nesting a smaller problem within a larger problem. Recently, multilevel algorithms have been used to solve integral equation by expediting matrix-vector multiplies or by finding the inverse of the integral operator. Interpolation multilevel algorithm has also been proposed. These algorithms could invert an integral operator in less than O(N/sup 3/) operations and expedite a matrix-vector multiply to require O(Nlog N) or O(N) operations. In this paper, we will describe a multilevel algorithm for expediting matrix-vector multiply in an iterative solution of boundary integral equation. The algorithm has O(N(log N)/sup 2/) complexity, and for very large problem, O(Nlog N) complexity. >
Overview of Clinical Trials on Periodontal Regeneration

Periodontal regeneration means healing after periodontal surgery that results in the restoration of the tooth-supporting tissues; namely, cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. The response of the periodontium to conventional periodontal flap surgery is primarily repair. Regenerative flap procedures involve modifications intended to alter variables in the normal wound healing response to shift the outcome from repair to regeneration. Technical manipulations, devices, pharmacological agents, and biologicals have been used to obtain regeneration. Evaluation of periodontal therapy is done by clinical and histological assessments. Human clinical trials depend on probing, re-entry, and radiographic measurements which cannot distinguish between periodontal repair and regeneration. Histological studies are difficult in humans because they require the retrieval of tissue blocks containing the teeth and their surrounding tissues, and for this reason these studies have largely been done in animal models; however, the use of animal models creates problems of interpretation when applying the information to the human. There are other fundamental problems related to assessment of new methods of periodontal regeneration. Ideally, periodontal regeneration is attempted after resolving the periodontitis that produced the loss of periodontal support. Does the type of periodontal disease affect the outcome? If it does, then separate clinical trials would be indicated to manage defects produced by different diseases. Furthermore, certain types of periodontal defects apparently respond better than others (for example, intrabony defects versus suprabony defects). Does each type of defect require a separate trial? Do subjects respond differently and, if so, how should this be factored into selection of the study population and sample size? There appear to be more questions than answers concerning the design of clinical trials for periodontal regeneration. This is not surprising since regeneration has been possible for only a few years, is apparently unpredictable, and the origin and nature of the new tissue are poorly understood. These factors make it important that the design of clinical trials be openly and thoroughly discussed so that practical solutions are forthcoming.
The Complex Wavenumber Eigenvalues of Laplace's Tidal Equations for Oceans Bounded by Meridians: Corrigendum

An error in the article (O’Connor 1995) was brought to my attention by Charles Sozou. This changes the values of the eigenvalues calculated in table 1, and the geophysical conclusions are modified. The introduction and §2 on Laplace’s tidal equations are correct. The mistake occured in §3 when the Legendre function expansion was substituted into the set of Laplace’s tidal equations. The term a in the expansion for the tide height ζ* in equation (12) must be zero, otherwise equation (7) cannot be satisfied. I did not see this at the time because I neglected to include the a term when substituting the expansions (12) into equation (7). This is why no a term appears in equation (18). The corrections are to omit the a terms in equations (12) and (17).
First‐to‐Second‐Year Persistence Profile of Commuter Students

This chapter explores first-to-second-year persistence behavior among first-time commuter students enrolled in 4-year universities and colleges.
Hypoxia, HIF-1, and the pathophysiology of common human diseases.

Hypoxia plays a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of common causes of mortality, including ischemic heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic lung disease, and congestive heart failure. In these disease states, hypoxia induces changes in gene expression in target organs that either fail to result in adequate adaptation or directly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Hypoxia-induciblc factor I (HIF-1) is a transcriptional activator that is expressed in response to cellular hypoxia and mediates multiple cellular and systemic homeostatic responses to hypoxia. Recent studies have provided evidence that important pathophysiological responses to hypoxia in pulmonary hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and cancer are mediated by HIF-1. Pharmacologic and gene therapy strategies designed to modulate HIF - 1 activity may represent a novel and effective therapeutic approach to these common disorders.
Mechanism of efficient anti-Markovnikov olefin hydroarylation catalyzed by homogeneous Ir(III) complexes

The mechanism of the hydroarylation reaction between unactivated olefins (ethylene, propylene, and styrene) and benzene catalyzed by [(R)Ir(μ-acac-O,O,C3)-(acac-O,O)2]2 and [R-Ir(acac-O,O)2(L)] (R = acetylacetonato, CH3, CH2CH3, Ph, or CH2CH2Ph, and L = H2O or pyridine) Ir(III) complexes was studied by experimental methods. The system is selective for generating the anti-Markovnikov product of linear alkylarenes (61:39 for benzene + propylene and 98:2 for benzene + styrene). The reaction mechanism was found to follow a rate law with first-order dependence on benzene and catalyst, but a non-linear dependence on olefin. 13C-labelling studies with CH313CH2-Ir-Py showed that reversible β-hydride elimination is facile, but unproductive, giving exclusively saturated alkylarene products. The migration of the 13C-label from the α to β-positions was found to be slower than the C–H activation of benzene (and thus formation of ethane and Ph-d5-Ir-Py). Kinetic analysis under steady state conditions gave a ratio of the rate constants for CH activation and β-hydride elimination (kCH: kβ) of ∼0.5. The comparable magnitude of these rates suggests a common rate determining transition state/intermediate, which has been shown previously with B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Overall, the mechanism of hydroarylation proceeds through a series of pre-equilibrium dissociative steps involving rupture of the dinuclear species or the loss of L from Ph-Ir-L to the solvento, 16-electron species, Ph-Ir(acac-O,O)2-Sol (where Sol refers to coordinated solvent). This species then undergoes trans to cisisomerization of the acetylacetonato ligand to yield the pseudo octahedral species cis-Ph-Ir-Sol, which is followed by olefin insertion (the regioselective and rate determining step), and then activation of the C–H bond of an incoming benzene to generate the product and regenerate the catalyst.
Elevated immunoreactive trypsinogen associated with necrotizing enterocolitis and intestinal perforation in infants less than 1800 grams birth weight

Background: Immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) levels are in neonates with cystic fibrosis (CF), trisomies, perinatal asphyxia, and abdominal wall defects. Among adults, IRT is markedly elevated with intestinal ischemia/perforation. We sought to determine an association of elevated levels of IRT with intestinal perforation (IP) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in low-birth weight (LBW) infants. Design and population: Retrospective analysis of serial IRT levels was obtained on newborn screening exams for CF, performed by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) on days 1, 14 and 30. Material and methods: We reviewed all MDH specimens available from March 2006 to February 2008 to identify LBW cases (normal IRT at birth with subsequent IRT levels > 99.8th percentile) and LBW controls (elevated IRT on the initial screen only). Results: Twenty cases were identified. Ten infants (50%) were diagnosed with NEC/IP; eight infants (40%) died, 80% had one or both of these outcomes. The average initial IRT was 57 ng/mL (16–112); the average repeat screen was 264 ng/mL (174–765). Fifteen reference infants were identified. Two (13%) patients died. Nine had documented significant perinatal asphyxia, with no reported cases of NEC, IP, CF or congenital defects. The average IRT on initial screen was 263 ng/mL (171–658); the average repeat level was 49 ng/mL (22–113). Conclusions: This observational study is the first to describe a potential association between an elevated IRT level at 14–30 days and the development of either a serious abdominal complication of prematurity (IP or NEC) or death.
Using combinatorial design to study regulation by multiple input signals. A tool for parsimony in the post-genomics era.

For many systems in biology, genes, pathways, or metabolites are regulated or synthesized in response to multiple “input” signals. Herein, we describe how combinatorial design can be used to define a small set of experiments that will effectively explore the effects of all possible combinations
Effects of Correlations on the Conductivity of Electron-Hole Plasmas

Calculations of the high frequency conductivity for electronhole system are presented. The treatment rests on the Kubo’s formula for the conductivity and the temperature dependent Green’s function technique. The frequency and rs dependence of the resistivity are calculated for small electron-hole mass ratio. The effects of dynamical correlations are discussed.
Design of a Feasible On-Chip Interconnection Network for a Chip Multiprocessor (CMP)

In this paper, an adaptive wormhole router for a flexible on-chip interconnection network is proposed and implemented for a Chip-mutti processor (CMP). It adopts a wormhole switching technique and its routing algorithm is livelock-/deadlock- free in 2D-mesh topology. Major contribution of this research is the design of an adaptive router architecture adopting a minimal adaptive routing algorithm with near optimal performance and feasible design complexity, satisfying the general SoC design requirements. We also investigate the optimal size of FIFO in an adaptive router with fixed priority scheme.
Activation and tolerance in CD4(+) T cells reactive to an immunoglobulin variable region.

Antibody diversity creates an immunoregulatory challenge for T cells that must cooperate with B cells, yet discriminate between self and nonself. To examine the consequences of T cell reactions to the B cell receptor (BCR), we generated a transgenic (Tg) line of mice expressing a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a κ variable region peptide in monoclonal antibody (mAb) 36-71. The κ epitope was originally generated by a pair of somatic mutations that arose naturally during an immune response. By crossing this TCR Tg mouse with mice expressing the κ chain of mAb 36-71, we found that κ-specific T cells were centrally deleted in thymi of progeny that inherited the κTg. Maternally derived κTg antibody also induced central deletion. In marked contrast, adoptive transfer of TCR Tg T cells into κTg recipients resulted in T and B cell activation, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and the production of IgG antichromatin antibodies by day 14. In most recipients, autoantibody levels increased with time, Tg T cells persisted for months, and a state of lupus nephritis developed. Despite this, Tg T cells appeared to be tolerant as assessed by severely diminished proliferative responses to the Vκ peptide. These results reveal the importance of attaining central and peripheral T cell tolerance to BCR V regions. They suggest that nondeletional forms of T tolerance in BCR-reactive T cells may be insufficient to preclude helper activity for chromatin-reactive B cells.
Differential Association of Syntrophin Pairs with the Dystrophin Complex

The syntrophins are a multigene family of in- tracellular dystrophin-associated proteins comprising three isoforms, a 1, b 1, and b 2. Based on their domain organization and association with neuronal nitric oxide synthase, syntrophins are thought to function as modu- lar adapters that recruit signaling proteins to the mem- brane via association with the dystrophin complex. Us- ing sequences derived from a new mouse b 1-syntrophin cDNA, and previously isolated cDNAs for a 1- and b 2- syntrophins, we prepared isoform-specific antibodies to study the expression, skeletal muscle localization, and dystrophin family association of all three syntrophins. Most tissues express multiple syntrophin isoforms. In mouse gastrocnemius skeletal muscle, a 1- and b 1-syn- trophin are concentrated at the neuromuscular junction but are also present on the extrasynaptic sarcolemma. b 1-syntrophin is restricted to fast-twitch muscle fibers, the first fibers to degenerate in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. b 2-syntrophin is largely restricted to the neuromuscular junction. The sarcolemmal distribution of a 1- and b 1-syntro- phins suggests association with dystrophin and dystro- brevin, whereas all three syntrophins could potentially associate with utrophin at the neuromuscular junction. Utrophin complexes immunoisolated from skeletal muscle are highly enriched in b 1- and b 2-syntrophins, while dystrophin complexes contain mostly a 1- and b 1- syntrophins. Dystrobrevin complexes contain dystro- phin and a 1- and b 1-syntrophins. From these results, we propose a model in which a dystrophin-dystrobre- vin complex is associated with two syntrophins. Since individual syntrophins do not have intrinsic binding specificity for dystrophin, dystrobrevin, or utrophin, the observed preferential pairing of syntrophins must de- pend on extrinsic regulatory mechanisms.
Performance of efficient minimization algorithms as applied to models of peptides and proteins

We test the efficiency of three minimization algorithms as applied to models of peptides and proteins. These include: the limited memory quasi- . . Newton L-BFGS of Liu and Nocedal; the truncated Newton TN with . automatic preconditioner of Nash; and the nonlinear conjugate gradients CG of Shanno and Phua. The molecules are modeled by two energy functions, one is . the GROMOS87 united atoms force field defining the energy E , which takes GRO into account the intramolecular interactions only; the second is defined by the energy E s E q E , where E is an implicit solvation free every term tot GRO solv solv based on the solvent-accessible surface area of the atoms. The molecules studied 12345 tot factor of 1. 5t o 2.5, and CG by a larger factor. Still, the quality of the solution in terms of the value of the minimized energy and the gradient norm, obtained with TN, is always equivalent to, or better than, those obtained with L-BFGS and CG. The performance is analyzed in terms of criteria outlined by Nash and Nocedal. We find the distribution of the Hessian eigenvalues to be a reliable predictor of efficiency. Q 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 354)364, 1999
Acrolein induces oxidative stress in brain mitochondria

Acrolein, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, has been shown to inflict significant structural and functional damage to isolated guinea pig spinal cord. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to mediate such detrimental effects. The current study demonstrates that acrolein can directly stimulate mitochondrial oxidative stress. Specifically, exposure of purified brain mitochondria to acrolein resulted in a dose-dependent increase of ROS and decreases in glutathione content and aconitase activity. This effect was not accompanied by significant intramitochondrial calcium influx or mitochondrial permeability transition, but rather by impaired function of the mitochondrial electron transport system. As well, we detected a significant inhibition of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in the presence of acrolein. This inhibition of ANT likely contributes to acrolein-induced ROS elevation since application of atractyloside, a specific ANT inhibitor, induced significant increase of ROS. We hypothesize that inhibition of ANT may mediate, in part, the acrolein-induced ROS increase in mitochondria.
Upper-bounding the capacity of optical IM/DD channels with multiple-subcarrier modulation and fixed bias using trigonometric moment space method

We consider the channel capacity of an optical intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) system using multiple-subcarrier modulation (MSM) with fixed bias. The channel is modeled as an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel with nonnegative input waveform. The mean of the nonnegative input waveform is the average transmitted optical power. The mean of the waveform during a symbol period is called the d.c. bias of the symbol. In this work, a fixed bias is used for all symbols. Therefore, the power used for each symbol is constant and equals the average transmitted power. The main result of this correspondence shows that, because the input waveforms during each symbol period are nonnegative and have fixed mean, their Fourier coefficients must lie inside certain trigonometric moment spaces. These moment spaces are characterized both algebraically and geometrically. Through the geometrical characterization, we determine the volumes of these moment spaces. The channel capacities of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) systems are shown to be upper-bounded by sphere-packing Gaussian noise in the respective moment spaces.
FLOWFIELD MEASUREMENTS OF A TWO-ELEMENT AIRFOIL WITH LARGE SEPARATION

Detailed measurements of moderate to large separated flows have been made for the 13%-thick GA(W)-2 airfoil with 25% slotted flap at a Reynolds number of 2.2 x 106 and Mach number of 0.13. The tests were made for flap nested and flap deflected cases of 30- and 40-deg flap angles with optimum and narrow gaps at near- and poststall angles of attack. The data include pressure, mean flow, and turbulence quantities. A splitter plate was employed for measuring a large number of static pressures simultaneously. Flowfield sensitivity to the measuring probes was determined by means of force and surface pressure measurements. The experimental program revealed the difficulty of measuring pressures in separated flows. The presence of a probe, no matter how small, changes the flow geometry in the interacting parts of the flowfield. The results of this experimental study are sufficiently detailed to serve to evaluate computational codes of such separated flows on multielement airfoils.
Speaker identification using online, frame dependent, and diffusive variance adaptation

In this paper we perform maximum likelihood adaptation of the variances of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) based on a single acoustic data frame. We show that, in the case of prototype (and frame) dependent scaling of the variances, the adaptation amounts to a simple non-linear warping of the exponent of the Gaussian. We also introduce algorithms to perform “diffusive” variance adaptation, in which a positive constant is added to the model variance. When the constant is prototype independent (but possibly frame and coordinate dimension dependent), this modification of the GMM is equivalent to evolution of it by the diffusion equation of physics, which is guaranteed to increase entropy. Applied to the task of text-independent speaker identification on the LLHDB database, we report relative improvements of up to 28% reduction in speaker identification error rate compared to the unadapted model.
Antimicrobial breakpoints for gram-negative aerobic bacteria based on pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models with Monte Carlo simulation.

Objectives: This study describes a comprehensive programme designed to develop pharmacokinetic– pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) breakpoints for numerous antimicrobial classes against key Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. Methods: A 10 000 subject Monte Carlo simulation was constructed for 13 antimicrobials (21 dosing regimens). Published pharmacokinetic data and protein binding were varied according to log-normal and uniform distributions. MICs were fixed at single values from 0.03 to 64 mg/L. The PK–PD susceptible breakpoint was defined as the MIC at which the probability of target attainment was � 90%. PK– PD, CLSI and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing breakpoints were applied to MICs from the 2005 worldwide Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection database to evaluate the impact of breakpoint discrepancies. Results: PK–PD breakpoints were within one dilution of the CLSI and European breakpoints for all antimicrobials tested—with a few exceptions. When discrepancies were noted, the PK–PD breakpoint was lower than the CLSI breakpoint [ceftriaxone (0.5 versus 8 mg/L), ertapenem (0.25 versus 2 mg/L), ciprofloxacin (0.125 versus 1 mg/L) and levofloxacin (0.25–0.5 versus 2 mg/L)] and higher than the European breakpoint [ceftazidime (4–8 versus 1 mg/L), aztreonam (4–8 versus 1 mg/L), although ciprofloxacin was an exception to this pattern (0.125 versus 0.5–1 mg/L)]. For Enterobacteriaceae, breakpoint discrepancies resulted in modest (� 10%) differences in the percentages susceptible. In contrast, large (>15%) discrepancies were noted for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusions: Breakpoint agreement exists for imipenem, meropenem and the aminoglycosides. In contrast, discrepancies exist for piperacillin/tazobactam, cephalosporins, ertapenem, aztreonam and the fluoroquinolones. These discrepancies are most pronounced for P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
Following in Rabelais' Footsteps: Immersive History and the 3D Virtual Buildings Project

Following in Rabelais' Footsteps: Immersive History and the 3D Virtual Buildings Project John Bonnett Research Officer Institute for Information Technology National Research Council of Canada 46 Dineen Drive Fredericton, NB E3B-9W4 In Europe and North America, scholars are only beginning to shed the assumptions of print culture. They are also only beginning to perceive the possibilities of a computerized, electro-magnetic culture. In this first decade of the 21st century, historians face a challenge: how, and to what extent, are we to appropriate the 3D-immersive environment as an instrument of representation and interaction? In many ways, our situation is analogous to that faced by scholars at the close of the Roman Empire. Virtual Reality (VR) — the generation of artificial, three-dimensional, Following in Rabelais' Footsteps: Immersive History and the 3D Virtu... http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=jahc;view=text;rgn=mai...
The Symposium Test Peptide (STP): Synthesis and Characterization of a Model Peptide

A 19-residue polypeptide with the sequence: H-Trp-Asn-His-Ala-Ala-Ala-Thn-Ser-Gin-Ala-Pro-Arg-Val-lie-lie-Glu-Glu-Asn-Asp-OH has been synthesized using Merrifield’s solid phase approach, purified by preparative reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), tested for purity in several HPLC systems and characterized by analysis of its amino acid composition and sequence.
NEW SPECIES OF HEMIPHILEURUS KOLBE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE) FROM MEXICO, GUATEMALA, COLOMBIA, AND BRAZIL

Abstract The following new species of Hemiphileurus are described: H. bispinosus Ratcliffe from Brazil, H. deslislesi Ratcliffe from Colombia, H. quadridentatus Ratcliffe from Guatemala, and H. warneri Ratcliffe from Mexico. The parameres of H. rugulosus Endrodi (Venezuela and Colombia) are illustrated to enable easier identification of this species, and H. kahni Dupuis and Dechambre is redescribed and recorded from Brazil for the first time. Diagnostic illustrations of the male parameres are provided for the above taxa. A checklist for all the species in the genus is given.
Test Bias and the Assessment of Intelligence and Personality

The issues of bias in psychological testing have been a source of intense and recurring social controversy throughout the history of mental measurement. In the United States, discussions pertaining to test bias are frequently accompanied by emotionally laden polemics decrying the use of mental tests with any minority group member, because ethnic minorities have not been exposed to the cultural and environmental circumstances and values of the white middle class. Intertwined within the general issue of bias in tests has been the more specific question of whether intelligence tests should be used for educational purposes.
Examining the Effects of Skill Level and Reading Modality on Reading Comprehension.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reading skill and reading modality (oral versus silent) on reading comprehension. A normative sample of sixth-grade students (N = 74) read texts aloud and silently and then answered questions about what they read. Skill in word reading fluency was assessed by the Test of Word Reading Efficiency, Second Edition (Torgesen, Wagner, & Rashotte, 2012), and students were identified as either normal or at-risk readers based on those scores. A 2 (reading skill) X 2 (reading modality) mixed factorial ANOVA was conducted. Results revealed that both normal and at-risk readers demonstrated better comprehension of text read orally as compared to text read silently. The middle school curriculum requires independent silent reading, yet students may enter middle school without the literacy skills they need to be successful. These findings suggest that students transitioning to middle school may benefit from additional pedagogical support in silent reading comprehension.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ISOLATED TURBULENT FLAME PUFFS WITH A CO-FLOW

Pulsed, turbulent jet diffusion flames in the presence of co-flowing air of variable strength were examined experimentally. An injection system employing an electronically-controlled solenoid valve was used to inject isolated puffs of unheated ethylene fuel into a combustor with an air co-flow at one atmosphere pressure. In all cases the flames were fully-modulated, that is, the fuel flow was completely shut off between pulses. For small injection volumes and short injection times; compact, puff-like structures were generated. The flame length of these puffs was as much as 79% less than that of a steady-state flame for the same injection Reynolds number. More elongated flame structures, with a flame length closer to that of steady-state flames, resulted from longer injection times and larger injection volumes. For short injection times, the addition of an air co-flow, with a strength of up to Ucsf/~~ = 0.02, resulted in an increase in flame length of up to 46%. The fractional increase in the flame length due to co-flow of pulsed flames with longer injection times, as well as steady flames, was correspondingly less. The observed effects of co-flow on flame length are in good agreement with a scaling argument developed as part of this investigation.
Atomic spectroscopy and quantum interference in on-chip hollow-core waveguides

Miniaturized atomic vapor cells can be built on a semiconductor chip using hollow-core waveguide technology. We review the status of these integrated spectroscopy chips, including the observation of signatures of quantum interference on a chip.
The Spectral Mapping Theorem for a Hermitian Operator

(1963). The Spectral Mapping Theorem for a Hermitian Operator. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 70, No. 10, pp. 1049-1051.
QOL-22THE IMPACT OF PREGNANCY ON GLIOMA PATIENTS

OBJECTIVE: To describe outcomes of glioma patients who become pregnant. BACKGROUND: Few data exist regarding the effect of pregnancy on gliomas, making it challenging to counsel glioma patients of reproductive age regarding potential risks. Individual case reports and small series report increased rates of tumor progression with pregnancy. METHODS: This was an IRB-approved retrospective study of women with gliomas who became pregnant during their disease course or were diagnosed with gliomas during the peripartum period defined as during pregnancy or the 12 months following delivery. Outcomes analyzed included radiographic and clinical signs of disease progression. RESULTS: We identified 82 patients: 38 with known gliomas who became pregnant, 27 diagnosed with gliomas during pregnancy, and 17 diagnosed with gliomas in the postpartum period. Histologies included astrocytoma(33%), oligodendroglioma(33%), mixed oligoastrocytoma(21%), and other gliomas(5%); pathology was unavailable for 7 patients. The majority of patients had WHO II tumors(56%), followed by WHO III(30%), WHO I(2%), and WHO IV(2%). The most common presenting symptom of glioma was seizure(55%). Four patients underwent surgical resection during pregnancy. No patient received radiation or temozolomide during pregnancy. There were 85 pregnancies examined. There were 20 known Cesarean sections and 4 elective terminations. Of the 36 patients with known gliomas who carried a pregnancy to delivery, 10 had radiographic progression during the peripartum period. Ten patients experienced recurrent neurological symptoms during pregnancy including seizures, headache, and hemorrhage into a pituitary adenoma. All babies were healthy. CONCLUSIONS: A noticeable number of women harboring a glioma were diagnosed in the peripartum period suggesting that pregnancy is a potential stimulant of tumor growth. For women with known gliomas, 28% developed radiographic progression during pregnancy. Women of reproductive age with gliomas should be counseled on the potential impact of pregnancy on tumor growth, however, the majority of pregnancies in glioma patients were uncomplicated.
Force analysis of two dimensional steel box girders under strong wind

In order to study the effect of strong wind on West Houmen long span suspension bridge both under construction and after completion,the precise numerical simulations towards two-dimensional steel box girders of West Houmen bridge were carried out using viscous and incompressed N-S(Navier-Stokes) equation and the turbulence model of RNG(renormalization group) κ-e two equations.The force variety along with time,the frequency and the maximum resistance were gained under certain conditions.The results indicate that the resistance of construction without transverse juncture is much larger than that with transverse juncture,and that the resistance of steel box girders under any condition periodically varies,which is consistent with the periods of vortex shedding caused by the wind field.
The Drama of the Scientific Life

This chapter argues that the conduct of scientific research must be understood in terms of dramatic significance both for the individual scientist and for the larger culture that supports and benefits from scientific work. The space program in the United States is an example of how science is motivated by the drama it provides for our lives. A set of interviews conducted with active scientists on a college campus yielded a set of observations about how the recruitment, education, and work of scientists can be understood in dramatic terms. The quest of the scientist is like that of the explorer—an activity pursued with ardor in order to establish a claim to new discovery.
Automated High-Throughput Quantification Reveals Morphological Heterogeneity in Mammalian Cell Populations

Non-genetic heterogeneities such as transcriptional noise and epigenetic modifications can lead to genetically clonal cells exhibiting heterogeneous responses to a uniform input. Heterogeneities in cellular and organelle morphology represent an additional type of non-genetic heterogeneity that may be capable of producing phenotypic variability, given structure-function relationships demonstrated at the biochemical level as well as morphological dysregulations observed in disease contexts. Until now, morphological heterogeneity in genetically clonal populations has remained largely unexplored due to a lack of appropriate tools. In this study, we develop an automated high-throughput system to quantitatively map morphological heterogeneity in a population of genetically clonal mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We show that the morphological landscape is non-smooth, with cells resting in distinct morphological subpopulations. We additionally demonstrate tools to determine the relationship between cell cycle stage and morphological space state, as well as tools to map changes to the morphology space upon drug treatment. In total, we demonstrate a robust, high-throughput automated system for mapping the morphological landscape of a population of mammalian cells as well as tools to probe changes to this landscape upon external perturbation. This work has potential applicability in a variety of settings ranging from morphology-based drug and siRNA screens to improved quantitative screening tools for cytopathological applications.
Development of MATLAB code for smart grid connected photovoltaic system including efficiency study

The availability of non-renewable energy sources such as crude oil, natural gas, coal etc., are fast diminishing. So the renewable energy sources such as solar, hydropower, geothermal, wind, tidal energy, are gaining more and more importance. Many new developments to convert these renewable energy sources into usable forms are taking place. Most renewable energy sources are used to produce electricity. In this paper, a performance and efficiency simulation study of a smart-grid connected photovoltaic system is proposed. The simulation is performed in MATLAB environment where the Current-Voltage (I-V) and Power-Voltage (P-V) curves from the solar array simulator are generated and plotted. The proposed topology has been verified with satisfactory results. In addition temperature and irradiance effects on I-V and P-V characteristic curves are verified. Also, the efficiency curves of the photovoltaic grid interface inverter are generated in the study.
Development and validation of a model to predict blood alcohol concentrations: Updating the NHTSA equation

Abstract Objects To date, multiple models have been developed to estimate blood or breath alcohol concentration (BAC/BrAC). Several factors have been identified that affect the discrepancy between BACs/BrACs and retrospective estimation (eBAC) with existing equations. To the best of our knowledge, a model to quantify the effects of factors on the discrepancy between BAC/BrAC and eBAC is still nonexistent. The goal of this work was to develop a model to provide a more accurate retrospective estimation of breath alcohol concentration (eBAC). Method A laboratory study with alcohol consumption and a driving task was conducted with 30 participants (17 male and 13 female) to explore the factors that may contribute to the discrepancy between BrAC and eBAC obtained with existing models. A new eBAC model was developed to improve the estimation of BrAC by modeling effects of gender, weight, and the delay of BrAC measurement on the discrepancy. The validity of the model was tested and established with the data from the experiment conducted in this study and two published research studies, and compared with existing eBAC models. Results Results of the model validity examination indicated that the developed model had higher R squares and lower root-mean-squared errors (RMSE) in estimating BrAC in three experiments compared with the existing eBAC models, including the NHTSA equation, the Matthew equation, the Lewis equation, the Watson equation, and the Forrest equation. Conclusion The developed eBAC model had a better performance of BrAC estimation compared with existing eBAC models. The validation of the model with the data from three empirical studies indicated a high level of generalizability in estimating BrAC.
Balance the nodule shape and surroundings: a new multichannel image based convolutional neural network scheme on lung nodule diagnosis

Deep learning is a trending promising method in medical image analysis area, but how to efficiently prepare the input image for the deep learning algorithms remains a challenge. In this paper, we introduced a novel artificial multichannel region of interest (ROI) generation procedure for convolutional neural networks (CNN). From LIDC database, we collected 54880 benign nodule samples and 59848 malignant nodule samples based on the radiologists’ annotations. The proposed CNN consists of three pairs of convolutional layers and two fully connected layers. For each original ROI, two new ROIs were generated: one contains the segmented nodule which highlighted the nodule shape, and the other one contains the gradient of the original ROI which highlighted the textures. By combining the three channel images into a pseudo color ROI, the CNN was trained and tested on the new multichannel ROIs (multichannel ROI II). For the comparison, we generated another type of multichannel image by replacing the gradient image channel with a ROI contains whitened background region (multichannel ROI I). With the 5-fold cross validation evaluation method, the CNN using multichannel ROI II achieved the ROI based area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8823±0.0177, compared to the AUC of 0.8484±0.0204 generated by the original ROI. By calculating the average of ROI scores from one nodule, the lesion based AUC using multichannel ROI was 0.8793±0.0210. By comparing the convolved features maps from CNN using different types of ROIs, it can be noted that multichannel ROI II contains more accurate nodule shapes and surrounding textures.
Evaluating a Smartwatch-based Notification System in a Simulated Nursing Home: The Method

Lack of notification and communication technologies that connect the staff and the residents was found to be one of the main challenges that face nursing homes. Call light systems provide two-way c...
Lessons Learned in Partnerships and Practice: Adopting Open Source Institutional Repository Software

INTRODUCTION After the establishment of the University Archives at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, it became apparent that processes needed to be established for collecting, preserving, and providing access to born-digital materials. The University Archivist established partnerships across multiple departments within the Libraries and with faculty and staff of colleges, schools, and administrative units across campus to test open source repository software and develop collections to fulfill this need. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM This case study examines three specific projects and workflows providing access to digital undergraduate honors theses, university serials, and music concert recordings. Lessons learned during the project include the success strategies for partnership formation along with the identification of project processes that need improvement, such as promotion and long term preservation. NEXT STEPS AND CONCLUSIONS The campus has transitioned to a proprietary system for the official institutional repository. However, the pilot projects examined in this study filled intermediate needs: providing a group of files and metadata for the official institutional repository and helping the Libraries to evaluate the sustainability of open source platforms. Staff gained experience and identified areas where improvement was needed. However, the most successful aspect of the project was establishing partnerships that will carry over to the new repository.