cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the number of tests to detect all path delay faults in combinational logic circuits

The problems involved in handling large numbers of path delay faults were alleviated in previous works, by developing fault simulation and test generation procedures that do not require paths to be explicitly considered. Thus, the methods developed allow the set of all path delay faults to be targeted during test generation and fault simulation. With the problems related to the number of paths removed, a new limiting factor in test generation for path delay faults is revealed, namely, the number of tests required to detect all path delay faults. In this work, the problems related to the number of tests are investigated. A procedure for computing a lower bound on the number of tests is described, and methods for synthesizing circuits with reduced lower bounds on the numbers of tests are developed. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate various aspects of the problem.
A cohesive FPGA-based system-on-chip design curriculum

A graduate-level computer engineering course sequence at the OGI School of Science and Engineering teaches state-of-the-art digital system design practices and system-on-chip design concepts. Commercial electronic design automation (EDA) software in conjunction with high-density programmable logic devices allows students to design projects of significant complexity. The course sequence, targeted for both full-time students, and part time students from local high-tech companies, consists of three consecutive courses taught fall, winter, and spring quarters. The first course covers logic design using Verilog, the second introduces logic synthesis and system-on-chip design concepts, and the third addresses timing and test of digital systems.
Managing the maintenance of ported, outsourced, and legacy software via orthogonal defect classification

From the perspective of maintenance, software systems that include COTS software, legacy, ported or outsourced code pose a major challenge. The dynamics of enhancing or adapting a product to address evolving customer usage and the inadequate documentation of these changes over a period of time (and several generations) are just two of the factors which may have a debilitating effect on the maintenance effort. While many approaches and solutions have been offered to address the underlying problems, few offer methods which directly affect a team's ability to quickly identify and prioritize actions targeting the product which is already in front of them. The paper describes a method to analyze the information contained in the form of defect data and arrive at technical actions to address explicit product and process weaknesses which can be feasibly addressed in the current effort. The defects are classified using Orthogonal Defect Classification (ODC) and actual case studies are used to illustrate the key points.
Towards a functional understanding of the effects of sediment aggradation on stream fish condition

Using both field and laboratory experiments, we evaluated mechanistic links among sediment aggradation, embeddedness and fish condition. In the field, we measured fish condition in three common stream and river species representing unique feeding guilds [creek chubs (surface and water column feeders), pumpkinseeds (omnivores) and white suckers (benthic invertivores)] over time across varying sedimentation levels. We continued this work in the laboratory with white suckers (benthic invertivores) and common shiners (surface and water column feeders), standardizing food amounts across degrees of sediment aggradation. In the field, pumpkinseeds – the species with the greatest foraging plasticity – showed no significant difference in condition across levels of sediment aggradation or time. Creek chubs and white suckers were affected by sediment level and time. White suckers – the most specialized forager – were most strongly affected, but exhibited the greatest loss of condition in least aggraded conditions. Laboratory data suggested that sedimentation and time spent in aggraded conditions were significant factors affecting common shiners, in spite of consistent food availability. Results varied across feeding guilds, indicating that opportunistic species that feed across the water column may be more resilient to sedimentation than more specialized trophic groups. However, all fish in the study experienced a loss of condition in aggraded environments over time, indicating that streams and rivers with extensive sediment aggradation are unlikely to support healthy fish assemblages. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis Without Actual Infinity

We define a first-order theory FIN which has a recursive axiomatization and has the following two properties. Each finite part of FIN has finite models. FIN is strong enough to develop that part of mathematics which is used or has potential applications in natural science. This work can also be regarded as a consistency proof of this hitherto informal part of mathematics. In FIN one can count every set; this permits one to prove some new probabilistic theorems.
Caffeine decreases vitamin D receptor protein expression and 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity in human osteoblast cells

Of the various risk factors contributing to osteoporosis, dietary/lifestyle factors are important. In a clinical study we reported that women with caffeine intakes >300 mg/day had higher bone loss and women with vitamin D receptor (VDR) variant, tt were at a greater risk for this deleterious effect of caffeine. However, the mechanism of how caffeine effects bone metabolism is not clear. 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) plays a critical role in regulating bone metabolism. The receptor for 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), VDR has been demonstrated in osteoblast cells and it belongs to the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. To understand the molecular mechanism of the role of caffeine in relation to bone, we tested the effect of caffeine on VDR expression and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) mediated actions in bone. We therefore examined the effect of different doses of caffeine (0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 10mM) on 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induced VDR protein expression in human osteoblast cells. We also tested the effect of different doses of caffeine on 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a widely used marker of osteoblastic activity. Caffeine dose dependently decreased the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induced VDR expression and at concentrations of 1 and 10mM, VDR expression was decreased by about 50-70%, respectively. In addition, the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) induced alkaline phosphatase activity was also reduced at similar doses thus affecting the osteoblastic function. The basal ALP activity was not affected with increasing doses of caffeine. Overall, our results suggest that caffeine affects 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) stimulated VDR protein expression and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) mediated actions in human osteoblast cells.
Drug-drug interactions: an important negative attribute in drugs.

Drug-drug interactions that arise by the alteration of the pharmacokinetics of one drug by another are of concern to the pharmaceutical industry, drug regulatory agencies, health-care professionals and patients. However, distinction needs to be made between interactions that only result in alterations in exposure levels and interactions that truly have an impact on efficacy and patient safety. To make this distinction, both the magnitude of the pharmacokinetic interaction and the therapeutic index of the affected drug must be taken into account. In this review, a description of the mechanistic underpinnings of drug interactions that has been developed over the past two decades is presented, with particular emphasis on drug-metabolizing enzymes and clearance concepts. The research approaches used to study drug interactions in vitro and in vivo are described. Finally, an accounting of major pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions is made, organized by the drug-metabolizing enzyme or transporter protein affected. For each drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter discussed, a position is offered on the severity of the issue of whether a new drug were to affect, or be affected by, a drug interaction through alteration of the activity of that enzyme.
Effects of electron heating on the current driven electrostatic ion cyclotron instability and plasma transport processes along auroral field lines

Fluid simulations of the plasma along auroral field lines in the return current region have been performed. It is shown that the onset of electrostatic ion cyclotron (EIC) related anomalous resistivity and the consequent heating of electrons leads to a transverse ion temperature that is much higher than that produced by the current driven EIC instability (CDICI) alone. Two processes are presented for the enhancement of ion heating by anomalous resistivity. The anomalous resistivity associated with the turbulence is limited by electron heating, so that CDICI saturates at transverse temperature that is substantially higher than in the absence of resistivity. It is suggested that this process demonstrates a positive feedback loop in the interaction between CDICI, anomalous resistivity, and parallel large-scale dynamics in the topside ionosphere.
Cytochalasin E enhances the protein kinase C-dependent process of secretion

Abstract Platelet dense body secretion, monitored as released serotonin, when induced by 20 nM tetradecanoylphorbol acetate was enhanced by 10 μM cytochalasin E even in the absence of external calcium ions and aggregation. Secretion induced by 500 nM A23187 in the presence of 15 μM indomethacin was not changed by cytochalasin but the synergy between A23187 and phorbol ester was enhanced. Therefore, protein kinase C -mediated secretion is not dependent on filipodal development, granule centralization, external calcium ion concentration or aggregation but is enhanced selectively by cytochalasin. Because the synergy between kinase C and A23187 is very rapid, the rate determining step in the slow secretion induced by phorbol ester alone appears to be the step accelerated by a rise in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration.
On-line learning for active pattern recognition

An adaptive on-line learning method is presented to facilitate pattern classification using active sampling to identify the optimal decision boundary for a stochastic oracle with a minimum number of training samples. The strategy of sampling at the current estimate of the decision boundary is shown to be optimal compared to random sampling in the sense that the probability of convergence toward the true decision boundary at each step is maximized, offering theoretical justification on the popular strategy of category boundary sampling used by many query learning algorithms.
Incorporation of azide sugar analogue decreases tumorigenic potential of breast cancer cells by reducing cancer stem cell population

The azido sugar, GalNAz, was successfully used for imaging and perturbing protein glycosylation in triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. After the incorporation of GalNAz in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line, the tumorigenicity of these cells was decreased. Results from gene analysis and drug treatment suggest that the tumorigenicity decrease may be attributed to the reduction of cancer stem cell population. Possible mechanisms of GalNAz induced cancer stem cells (CSCs) proportion change are discussed.
Governance of Steel and Kryptonite Politics in Contemporary Public Education Reform

Public education in the United States has been crippled by a combination of entrenched bureaucratic governance and special-interest politics. To remedy these failings, school districts, states, and the federal Education Department have adopted education reforms characterized by rigorous outcome-focused standards and assessments and the empowering of public schools, charter or otherwise, to meet the standards. Despite promising initial results, however, the reforms have been widely criticized, including by the populations they most seek to help. To explain this paradox, this Article first tries to assimilate the new education reforms to the most frequently proposed alternatives to bureaucratic governance — marketization, managerialism, professionalism and craft. It concludes, however, that none of these models adequately elucidates the reforms or provides an attractive alternative to special-interest politics, a crucial concomitant of bureaucracy. The Article claims that another governance model, democratic experimentalism, better explains the recent reforms and provides a richly participatory alternative to special-interest politics, which directly engages stakeholders — families and teachers, in this case — into its collaborative governance mechanisms. The Article finds, however, that the new education reforms have largely omitted the “democratic” part of experimentalism, resulting in the backlash by special interest groups and the constituents the reforms help the most, parents and students. The Article concludes by proposing a more fully democratic version of the reforms designed to improve student outcomes, powerfully engage key stakeholders, and diminish objections.
Social Support in the Work Environment and Cardiovascular Disease

Since the early 1980s considerable scientific attention has been focused on how psychosocial work organization influences physical and mental health. These issues are currently of particular concern because of the rapid changes occurring in the nature of work, including the large-scale introduction of new technological systems, the decline in manufacturing and farming, and the rise in service industries. Work environment researchers are confronted with a central question: How can we delineate what constitutes a healthy (as opposed to harmful) workplace? In responding to this question, we first examine epidemiological and other nontheoretical studies of the general relationship between work, social relations, and cardiovascular health status. We then examine theoretical formulations and related findings from two research traditions: socio-medical research and the sociology of work. Because of the relatively sparse evidence concerning the specific relationship between workplace social support and cardiovascular disease, we broaden our discussion to include other stress-related outcomes. Although we refer to empirical research (both our own and that of others), we also develop theoretical linkages between the study of work relations, social support, behavior, and cardiovascular disease.
Nonequilibrium electron dynamics in materials driven by high-intensity x-ray pulses

We calculated the evolution of the electron system in solid-density matter irradiated by high-intensity x-ray pulses between 2 and 8 keV using molecular dynamics. For pulses shorter than 40 fs, the kinetic energy distribution of the electrons is highly nonthermal during and right after the pulse, and a large fraction of the absorbed x-ray energy resides with the fast photoelectrons which equilibrate on the timescale of the pulse length. The average ionization and electron temperature of the bulk of the electrons are significantly lower than their equilibrium values.
A Rapid and Efficient Method of Producing Hemolytic Amboceptor against Sheep Corpuscles

From the time when the principle of complement-deviation was applied to the serum diagnosis of disease, as in syphilis, gonococcic infection, glanders, and malignant tumor, the possession of a "good" hemolytic immune-serum, usually prepared against sheep corpuscles, became a necessity to the clinical laboratory. By a "good" hemolytic serum is meant one that possesses a sufficiently high hemolytic strength, which must remain permanently constant. The usual method of producing hemolytic sera has been to inject relatively large and increasing quantities (5-20 c.c, in some laboratories even as much as 50 or 75 c.c.) of the washed corpuscles at intervals varying from three days to one week, until four or five injections have been given, the bleeding of the animals taking place about one week after the last injection. The results obtained by this procedure have been often unsatisfactory, it being almost exceptional for the hemolytic serum thus produced to possess both of the requirements mentioned.
CO Adsorption on PtRu/Ru(0001) Near Surface Alloys from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Millitorr Pressures

We have used ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) to investigate the adsorption of CO on PtRu/Ru(0001) near surface alloys (NSA) at 300 K and pressures from ultrahigh vacuum to 0.04 Torr. We observe differences in the fraction of Pt covered by adsorbed CO with changing Pt concentrations (0.36, 0.73, and 0.94 ML) in the NSA. For all alloy compositions and CO pressures, the amount of CO adsorbed on Pt sites in the alloy is less than what is observed on pure Pt(111). Further, the fraction of Pt sites covered by CO on the 0.36 and 0.73 ML Pt NSA surfaces are similar but lower than on the 0.94 ML Pt NSA surface. These observations support the concept of a decrease in the local adsorption energy of CO on Pt sites in alloy surfaces compared to pure Pt(111). We also found a correlation between the fraction of Pt covered by CO with the binding energy of the Pt 4f7/2 core level: the fraction of Pt covered by CO decreases with increasing Pt 4f7/2 binding energy. This observation may provide a s...
Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by novel lentiviral vectors expressing transdominant Rev and HIV-1 env antisense

Retroviral vectors expressing transdominant negative mutants of Rev (TdRev) inhibit HIV-1 replication by preventing the nuclear export of unspliced viral transcripts, thus inhibiting the synthesis of Gag-Pol, Env and reducing the levels of genomic RNA available for packaging. Due to these effective mechanisms of inhibition, production of HIV-1-based lentiviral vectors expressing TdRev has been difficult. Here we describe HIV-based vectors in which expression of TdRev is negatively regulated by Rev expression. In these vectors, we maintained the wild-type HIV-1 Tat/Rev exons and intron configuration and its mode of splicing regulation. The second Rev exon was mutated to encode TdRev. Inhibition of TdRev expression by Rev during vector production yields high titer vector preparations. A second vector containing an additional anti-HIV gene (env-antisense) was constructed by flipping a 1.2-kb env fragment contained within the Tat/TdRev intron. SupT1 cells and primary CD4+ lymphocytes transduced with these vectors inhibit HIV-1 replication and show a preferential advantage for survival. Although these vectors are poorly mobilized to secondary target cells by wild-type HIV-1, they reduce the infectivity of the wild-type virions escaping inhibition.
Pressure and Shear Information based Three-Axis Attitude Control for a Micro Air Vehicle

Biological studies show that birds and bats can obtain airflow information with mechanoreceptors on their wing and body surfaces and use it to help achieve ultra-stable, highly maneuverable and extremely energy efficient flight. Inspired by these studies, an attitude control method for micro air vehicles (MAVs) using the flow information (pressure and shear) is studied. A nonlinear three-axis attitude dynamics model that relates the pressure and shear information to the attitude motion is developed. To tackle the flow field perception errors, measurement noises, and un-modeled dynamics, a nonlinear robust controller is implemented to track the attitude commands. A delta wing configured MAV, with forty two sensors on wing and rudder surfaces, is used as an exemplary design to validate the proposed attitude control method. The simulation results, under both steady and unsteady flow conditions, show that the proposed method can help the MAV achieving accurate and robust attitude control with small amplitudes of lateral damping.
Intraoperative monitoring of nerve repairs.

SUMMARY These examples illustrate the interplay of the electrophysiologic techniques of SEP, EMG, NCAPs, and nerve conduction studies to achieve the goals of monitoring, guiding, identifying and localizing, and assessing nerve function. Through their successful application, intraoperative neurophysiology moves from solely monitoring to serving as an electrophysiologic aid to the surgeon. Using all of these techniques provides a comprehensive analysis of nerve function. The overall goal is both to prevent intraoperative neural compromise and to optimize postoperative outcome by providing the surgeon with the best possible information regarding the functional condition of the nerves under investigation.
Management of Work-Related Upper-Extremity Nerve Entrapments

SUMMARY Peripheral nerve symptoms are common in the worker. Great care must be given to obtain an accurate diagnosis. Diagnostic labels should not be used unless one is sure of the diagnosis. A detailed evaluation of the worker, job, and medical and psychosocial conditions must be performed. Nonoperative treatment is primary. Understanding at-risk patients and managing them carefully can decrease disability and improve results following treatment. The results from surgery are less successful in work-related disorders and disability is often prolonged. Surgery should only be performed for clear diagnoses and clear indications after adequate nonoperative treatment, with careful consideration of the job to which the worker will return.
Effect of topography on surface motion

abstract The effect of topography on surface motion is investigated in the cases of incident SH , P and SV waves. Several types of topography ranging from a ridge to a valley are used. Different incidence angles are considered for a wavelength interval extending from 2 h to 20 h , where h is the vertical dimension of the anomaly. The computation is made by using a single frequency method developed by Aki and Larner and by synthesizing the results in order to get a solution in the time domain. A method of correction taking into account the residual stress is added. The surface displacement appears to be very much influenced by surface irregularities. In the case of a ridge, a zone of amplification takes place near the top, whereas, for a depression, a zone of attenuation occurs near the bottom. An application to the Pacoima Dam accelerograph site suggests that the high accelerations recorded there during the San Fernando earthquake could have been amplified between 30 and 50 per cent by the uneven topography.
The International Department

Prior to World War I, almost the entire export trade of the United States was handled by a dozen New York foreign trade firms, with branches and representatives in major trading centres of the world. American manufacturers sold directly to these exporting firms and received payment from them. The reason for these arrangements were the hesitancy of U.S. manufacturers to extend credit terms to foreign buyers, and the unwillingness of foreign buyers to send cash with their orders. Export merchants were responsible for buying and selling, undertaking credit investigations, invoicing, drawing and negotiating bills of exchange, and holding foreign currency balances.1 In short, they enjoyed a strongly entrenched position in the foreign trade field.
Comparison of TV norm minimization and MLEM for reduction of metal artifacts in transmission tomography

The streaks in Computerized Tomography (CT) images, which are produced by metal implants in the human body, can severely diminish the diagnostic value of the images. The principal objective of this paper is to compare the performance of the Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) and Total-Variation (TV) minimization in mitigating these artifacts. To provide a benchmark, these algorithms are compared with two conventional algorithms, the Filtered Back-Projection (FBP) and Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) with a positivity constraint (ART-PC). Computer generated measurements were used in these comparisons. Relative to those of FBP and ART-PC, the MLEM algorithm produced substantially less streaking. The image resulting from the TV-minimization, however, could not be distinguished from the phantom. Although the results presented for both the ASD-POCS and the MLEM algorithms are promising, further effort is needed to establish their usefulness with real data.
Enhancing sensory experiences for very preterm infants in the NICU: an integrative review

Very preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experience alterations in sensory experiences. Defining types, timing and frequency of sensory-based interventions that optimize outcomes can inform environmental modifications. The objective of this study was to conduct an integrative review on sensory-based interventions used with very preterm infants in the NICU to improve infant and parent outcomes. The data sources include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Studies were identified that used sensory-based interventions in the NICU with preterm infants born ⩽32 weeks gestation, were published in a peer-reviewed journal between 1995 and 2015, and measured outcomes related to infant and parent outcomes. Studies were extracted from electronic databases and hand-searched from identified reference lists. Eighty-eight articles were identified (31 tactile, 12 auditory, 3 visual, 2 kinesthetic, 2 gustatory/olfactory and 37 multimodal). There was evidence to support the use of kangaroo care, music and language exposure, and multimodal interventions starting at 25 to 28 weeks postmenstrual age. These interventions were related to better infant development and lower maternal stress, but not all findings were consistent. Limitations included lack of consistent outcome measures, study quality and gaps in the literature. Most research identified interventions that were done for short periods of time. It is unclear what the potential is for improving outcomes if positive sensory exposures occur consistently throughout NICU hospitalization. Until more research defines appropriate sensory-based interventions to use with infants born very preterm in the NICU, information from this review can be combined with expert opinion and parent/family values to determine best practice.
Culturally Competent Strategies for Increasing Knowledge of Live Kidney Donation in the Hispanic Community

Despite a greater prevalence of end-stage renal disease than in non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics/Latinos receive disproportionately fewer kidney transplants, particularly living donor kidney transplants. Because a lack of knowledge and cultural beliefs contribute to Hispanics’ low living donation rates, it is critical to understand how culturally competent interventions may increase knowledge of living kidney donation and live donor transplantation in the Hispanic population. Only three interventions have been culturally targeted to Hispanic persons, including a mass media campaign, exposure to a bilingual website, and exposure to a culturally competent kidney transplant program. All interventions were found effective in increasing Hispanic transplant candidate’s or the public’s knowledge about living donation. As Hispanics/Latinos are the largest and fastest growing minority group, more interventions are urgently needed to mitigate disparities in living kidney donation. Future research should identify culturally targeted priorities for interventions in the Hispanic community.
A Note on the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

We redeem some “bad” choices for antiderivatives in applications of the fundamental theorem of calculus and suggest a revision for its statement.
New York Compassionate Care Act

Few people seem to know that medical marijuana is legal in the State of New York. The Compassionate Care Act was passed in June of 2014 and since then there have been 24,555 patients and 1,123 doctors approved as of July 17, 2017. By way of comparison, California has 1,526,250 registered card holders in its program, and its population is almost forty million. There are a number of reasons why this is a relatively low number in a state with a population of 8.652 Million. The confused legal status of medical marijuana in the United States is a big part of this, but the difficult regulatory scheme imposed by the New York Compassionate Care Act is a large part as well.
Control system modeling in early-stage simulation for cyber vulnerability assessment

Previous approaches for early-stage shipboard-power-system simulation were driven by a need to perform time-domain simulation during the early design stage and included an internal idealized representation of the control system. Herein, the reduced-order physical model of the power system is combined with an independent representation of the control system. This allows the benefits of faster simulation and reduced modeling effort to be retained while improving understanding of the effects of the control system on system performance. This approach is demonstrated by studying a compromised control system subjected to false set point attacks that drive the system operation away from ideal behavior. Using a notional MVDC system and a representative operational vignette, the performance of the uncompromised system is compared with the performance of the compromised system over a set of potential cyber disruptions by calculating the system dependability.
Towards Synergistic Electrode–Electrolyte Design Principles for Nonaqueous Li–O$$_$$ batteries

One route toward sustainable land and aerial transportation is based on electrified vehicles. To enable electrification in transportation, there is a need for high-energy-density batteries, and this has led to an enormous interest in lithium–oxygen batteries. Several critical challenges remain with respect to realizing a practical lithium–oxygen battery. In this article, we present a detailed overview of theoretical efforts to formulate design principles for identifying stable electrolytes and electrodes with the desired functionality and stability. We discuss design principles relating to electrolytes and the additional stability challenges that arise at the cathode–electrolyte interface. Based on a thermodynamic analysis, we discuss two important requirements for the cathode: the ability to nucleate the desired discharge product, Li $$_2$$ O $$_2$$ , and the ability to selectively activate only this discharge product while suppressing lithium oxide, the undesired secondary discharge product. We propose preliminary guidelines for determining the chemical stability of the electrode and illustrate the challenge associated with electrode selection using the examples of carbon cathodes and transition metals. We believe that a synergistic design framework for identifying electrolyte–electrode formulations is needed to realize a practical Li–O $$_2$$ battery.
Parent coaching increases the parents’ capacity for reflection and self-evaluation: results from a clinical trial in autism

Family-centered parent coaching interventions in autism strive to encourage family engagement and support parent reflection and self-evaluation. This includes the parents’ capacity to: (1) carefull...
cGAS is predominantly a nuclear protein

cGAS is an intracellular innate immune sensor that detects double-stranded DNA. The presence of billions of base pairs of genomic DNA in all nucleated cells raises the question of how cGAS is not constitutively activated. A widely accepted explanation for this is the sequestration of cGAS in the cytosol, which is thought to prevent cGAS from accessing nuclear DNA. Here, we demonstrate that cGAS is predominantly a nuclear protein, regardless of cell cycle phase or cGAS activation status. We show that nuclear cGAS is tethered tightly by a salt-resistant interaction. This tight tethering is independent of the domains required for cGAS activation, and it requires intact nuclear chromatin. We propose that tethering prevents activation of cGAS by genomic DNA, and that it might enable cGAS to distinguish between self DNA and foreign DNA within the nucleus.
Parametric Study for the Design of the End Region of Large Synchronous Generators Based on Three-Dimensional Transient Finite Element Analysis

Large synchronous generators are a major source of electrical energy in a power system and the efficiency and reliability are important indices of their performance. As the capacity of large generators increases, the eddy current losses in the end components also rise due to the end leakage fluxes produced by the armature and field end windings. Suppressing the eddy current losses and the resultant temperature rise in the end region is one of the critical objectives in the design of large generators. This paper describes a validated 3D finite-element analysis (FEA) that incorporates the nonlinear/anisotropic core property, core loss effects and the in-plane eddy current reaction to calculate the loss distributions in the end components. Then, by employing this 3D FEA method, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of various candidate designs in reducing the losses in the end region, including the stepped profile of the end core packets, the assignment of the end tooth slits, the angle of the inclined armature end windings, and the relative axial lengths of the stator and rotor.
The Information Content of Earnings Surprises in the Corporate Bond Market

We find that earnings surprises have information content for bonds, but that the information content is smaller for bonds than for stocks. Our analysis also indicates that the information content of earnings surprises is smaller for investment grade than for non-investment grade bonds. In addition, we find that the information content of negative earnings surprises is larger for profitable firms than for loss firms, and that among profitable firms the information content of negative earnings surprises is larger than the information content of positive earnings surprises. Overall, our results suggest that bondholders' fixed claims on firm assets, and their priority in liquidation, have an important impact on the usefulness of earnings in the corporate bond market.
Discussion on “Order-of-Addition Experiments: A review and some new thoughts”

Before I comment on the nice talk from Dennis, let me explain how this work into Order-of-Addition (OofA) experiments started. In August of 2014, I received an email from Laura Hopps, a statisticia...
Molecular biology and targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma

The treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma is challenging as it has proven to be relatively resistant to conventional oncological treatments. An improved understanding of the molecular biolog...
Discrepancy of blast percentage between the bone marrow aspirate and biopsy and its impact on survival outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes excess blast (MDS-EB).

7053Background: The revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) aids in prognosticating MDS. The percentage (%) of blasts in the bone marrow is one of the major determinants of the sco...
Progress in durability of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with infiltrated electrodes

Abstract High power density and longevity are required to commercialize solid oxide fuel cells for vehicular applications. In this work, electrochemical durability of high-performance metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) with infiltrated catalysts is investigated. Durability screening of various cathode and anode compositions is conducted. The Pr6O11 cathode and SDCN40 (40 vol% Ni-60 vol% SDC) anode are selected due to preferential tradeoff between performance and durability. X-ray diffraction indicates the catalyst phases are stable after prolonged thermal annealing. Electrochemical impedance and scanning electron microscopy analyses show that the evolution of SDCN40 is minimal, and coarsening and Cr poisoning of the Pr6O11 catalyst are the dominant degradation mechanisms. These degradation mechanisms are addressed by implementing three additional fabrication steps: (1) preoxidation of the metal support, (2) deposition of thin and protective atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings throughout the cathode-side electrode and support, and (3) in situ pre-coarsening of the catalysts. A favorable tradeoff is achieved: the combination of the three fabrication steps reduces degradation rate at 0.7 V and 700 °C by two orders of magnitude to 2.3% kh−1, while sacrificing 35% of initial power density. The catalyst pre-coarsening step is primarily responsible for the loss of performance.
Current Legal Status of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), and of Serbia and Montenegro

The deteriorating relationship between Montenegro and Belgrade has raised the question of whether the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, with its two constituent republics of Serbia and Montenegro, in fact continues to exist. The answer to this question has immediate relevance to the forthcoming federal elections scheduled for 24 September 2000, and in particular the issues of:• whether the government of Montenegro can legitimately boycott those elections, in the sense of refusing to co-operate in their physical conduct and encouraging Montenegrins not to vote; and• whether the federal government is entitled to take any, and if so what, action in response to the Montenegrin government so deciding.This legal briefing paper seeks, in this context, to address the following questions:• What precedents were set by the decisions of the European Community (EC) Arbitration Commission concerning the status of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) and its Republics that might be relevant to an assessment of the current legal status of the FRY?• What actions have been taken by the FRY federal government, the Republic of Montenegro, the Republic of Serbia, or the international community that may affect the status of the FRY and the legitimacy of its government and federal institutions?• What is the current status of the FRY, its government and federal institutions, and how does this affect Montenegro's obligation to participate in the 24 September 2000 federal elections?
Some properties of multivariate differential dimension polynomials and their invariants

In this paper we obtain new results on multivariate dimension polynomials of differential field extensions associated with partitions of basic sets of derivations. We prove that the coefficient of the summand of the highest possible degree in the canonical representation of such a polynomial is equal to the differential transcendence degree of the extension. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the multivariate dimension polynomial of a differential field extension of a given differential transcendence degree has the simplest possible form. Furthermore, we describe some relationships between a multivariate dimension polynomial of a differential field extension and dimensional characteristics of subextensions defined by subsets of the basic sets of derivations.
An Investigation of Oral Language and Writing Proficiency in Third-Grade Students.

Over the years, professionals have hypothesized that a positive relationship exists between children's oral language proficiency and their written language performance. This study examined the following two aspects of the relationship between oral and written language: (a) Are specific linguistic components of language more closely related than others? (b) Do groups rated high, medium, or low on written language measures differ significantly in oral language proficiency? Measures of oral and written language were administered to 77 third-grade students. Results indicated that moderate relationships existed between grammatical aspects of oral and written language. Oral language proficiency was significantly different for groups rated high, medium, and low on the basis of written language performance.
¡Profesores Adelante! Recruiting teachers in the target language

Recruiting qualified world language (WL) educators is a continuing challenge in the United States. Limited research has been conducted on attracting potential teacher candidates. Furthermore, recruitment materials are unavailable in target languages, making it difficult for existing WL teachers, as critical advocates for the profession, to incorporate recruitment into their instruction. This study discusses the findings from the implementation of an adapted teacher recruitment curriculum created for secondary students in Early College Experience (ECE) Spanish courses. Using data from pre‐ and post‐intervention surveys, responses to writing prompts, and post‐intervention focus groups, we found that the curriculum contributed to a slight increase in student interest in becoming WL educators, as well as interest in continuing language study beyond high school. However, several teaching‐related student concerns also surfaced, most notably salary and target language ability. We discuss implications for general and WL teacher recruitment, including the importance of targeting potential WL educators in their language classrooms
Diet affects glycosylation of serum proteins in women at risk for cardiometabolic disease

Glycoproteomics deals with glycoproteins that are formed by post-translational modification when sugars (like fucose and sialic acid) are attached to protein. Glycosylation of proteins influences function, but whether glycosylation is altered by diet is unknown. To evaluate the effect of consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on circulating glycoproteins that have previously been associated with cardiometabolic diseases. Forty-four women, with one or more metabolic syndrome characteristics, completed an 8-week randomized controlled feeding intervention (n = 22) consuming a diet based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA 2010); the remaining consumed a ‘typical American diet’ (TAD, n = 22). Fasting serum samples were obtained at week0 (baseline) and week8 (post-intervention); 17 serum proteins were chosen for targeted analyses. Protein standards and serum samples were analyzed in a UHPLC-MS protocol to determine peptide concentration and their glycan (fucosylation or sialylation) profiles. Data at baseline were used in correlational analyses; change in proteins and glycans following intervention were used in non-parametric analyses. At baseline, women with more metabolic syndrome characteristics had more fucosylation (total di-fucosylated proteins: p = 0.045) compared to women with a lesser number of metabolic syndrome characteristics. Dietary refined grain intake was associated with increased total fucosylation (ρ = − 0.530, p < 0.001) and reduced total sialylation (ρ = 0.311, p = 0.042). After the 8-week intervention, there was higher sialylation following the DGA diet (Total di-sialylated protein p = 0.018, poly-sialylated orosomucoid p = 0.012) compared to the TAD diet. Based on this study, glycosylation of proteins is likely affected by dietary patterns; higher sialylation was associated with a healthier diet pattern. Altered glycosylation is associated with several diseases, particularly cancer and type 2 diabetes, and this study raises the possibility that diet may influence disease state by altering glycosylation. NCT02298725 at clinicaltrials.gov; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02298725 .
A Modular Wearable Technology and IoT Educational Building System Using Brain and Muscular Signals

This paper presents a modular educational building system intended for teaching students and hobbyists the design aspects, programming, and applications of wearable technology, virtual and augmented reality, and the internet of things (IoT). The modular building system comprises a set of electronic, electrical, mechanical, and optical components, which can be interconnected to form a variety of smart wearables (i.e.: smart glasses, watches, bracelets, etc.), in addition to IoT devices. Each component performs one or more functions, which can be interconnected to create a multicomponent wearable or IoT system. The modular system can perform a task by responding to an external event(s) such as a voice command, temperature, pressure, gestures, proximity, and more importantly brain and muscular waves.
Ecosystem Services and Ecosystem Management-How Good a Fit?

The concepts of ecosystem management and ecosystem services are both firmly implanted in natural resources policy dialogue and as focal points of scientific research, though each has had its detractors and difficulties gaining traction in concrete regulatory programs. Yet little attention has been paid to how they relate, particularly in a way relevant to Grumbine’s call for reconciliation between ecological integrity and use of ecosystems for human prosperity. More specifically, does the concept of ecosystem services light the way for harmonizing the goal of sustaining ecological integrity and the goal of providing goods and services to humans? Is there something about the ecosystem services approach that changes the calculus from that used in traditional resource management in such a way that makes it more likely that ecosystem services concepts will promote sustainable ecological integrity? This chapter explores those questions from two perspectives. The first section of the chapter examines the fit between ecosystem management and ecosystem services in theory. Is the concept of ecosystem services compatible with, even supportive of, what Grumbine laid out as the themes and goals of ecosystem management, or will it put ecosystem management even farther behind? The second section explores the topic in an applied context through a case study of ecosystem services and federal public land management. Is there anything to be gained for ecosystem management on federal public land regimes through the use of ecosystem services concepts? The analysis from both perspectives is that the concept of ecosystem services offers significant potential to support the application of ecosystem management principles generally, but that care must be taken to ensure it does not distort or undermine ecosystem management goals in local contexts.
Mobile commerce technologies and services: a SME user's perspective

Despite recent declines in the expectations for information and communications technologies, advances in mobile and wireless technologies continue, particularly at the organizational level. The use of these technologies and the services they deliver will be shaped by a variety of factors, both technical and managerial. In addition to recent advances in access technologies, advances in organizational and mobile computing technologies will shape the nature of mobile commerce services. The acceptance of these services will be determined by the relative advantages they present as well as their ability to match the skills and needs of users. Small-to-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) and individuals (or employees) embody unique combinations of skills and needs. Skills that enable these users to take advantage of mobile commerce services are shaped primarily by previous experience with the Internet, e-commerce and mobile telephony. Furthermore, needs of SMEs, including minimization of network management requirements related to security, backup and data integrity, as well as ease of integration with existing systems and mediation services that make explicit the benefits of the technology and service, will inform their adoption decisions. Although recent experience has demonstrated that the market acceptance of ICT services has many uncertainties, if these user skills and needs are taken into account in the design of mobile commerce technologies and services, they may provide SMEs with information processing and communication technologies that help them compete successfully.