cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Invideo et Amo: on Envying the Beloved

Can we love and envy the same person at the same time? There is an overwhelming, cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary, consensus that love and envy are deeply incompatible. In this paper, I challenge this consensus, and focus in particular on the normative thesis that true love should be void of envy proper. I first propose an indirect argument. Because love and envy thrive in the same psychological conditions, it is not unlikely to feel envy toward the beloved. If we want ideals that do not go against our psychological propensities, then we should not aim for a love that is wholly void of envy. I then propose a direct argument, in defense of two positive ideals. I argue that a certain kind of envy—emulative envy—can be beneficial to the loving relationship; in turn, a certain kind of love—wise love— which accepts the presence of envy, can be beneficial to our lives. Thus, that love and envy are so linked in our psychology is not something that we should merely tolerate, but wholeheartedly embrace.
Racial Differences in the Association Between Apolipoprotein E Risk Alleles and Overall and Total Cardiovascular Mortality Over 18 Years.

Objectives To examine the difference in the association between apolipoprotein (APO)E allele and overall and cardiovascular mortality between African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs). Design Longitudinal, cohort study of 18 years. Setting Biracial urban US population sample. Participants 4,917, 68% AA and 32% EA. Measurements APOE genotype and mortality based on National Death Index. Results A higher proportion of AAs than of EAs had an APOE e2 allele (e2e2/e2e3/e2e4; 22% vs 13%) and an APOE e4 allele (e3e4/e4e4; 33% vs 24%). After adjusting for known risk factors, the risk of mortality was 19% less with the APOE e2 allele (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.76–0.87), and the risk of cardiovascular mortality was 35% less (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58–0.76) than with the e3e3 allele. The risk of mortality was 10% greater with the APOE e4 allele (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.16), and the risk of cardiovascular mortality was 20% greater (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.07–1.29) than with the e3e3 allele. No difference in the association between APOE allele and mortality was observed between AAs and EAs. Conclusion The APOE e4 allele increased the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality, whereas the APOE e2 allele decreased the risk of overall and cardiovascular mortality. There was no racial difference in the association between these alleles and mortality.
Relationship Between Personality Types on the Strong-Campbell and Myers-Briggs Instruments.

The authors examined relationships between Holland and Jung typologies. College students were administered two instruments, resulting in significant associations between certain types based on inte...
The Ultimate Limits of Information Density

In a conference devoted to studying the ultimate limits of communication systems, we wish to make an information-theoretic contribution. It is surely appropriate to do this, since Shannon’s theorem tells us exactly what the ultimate communication limit of a noisy channel is. Nevertheless, it has seemed to us for some time that the usual models of information theory are inadequate for a study of the ultimate limits of many practical communication and information storage systems, because of a key missing parameter. This missing parameter we call the scaling parameter. In this paper we hope to remedy this situation a bit by introducing a class of models for channels with noise scaling. Rather than give a formal definition immediately, we begin with a “thought experiment” to illustrate what we mean.
Clinical Detection and Treatment of Benign and Malignant Pituitary Diseases

The pituitary gland weighs about 0.5-1 g and is divided into an anterior and a posterior lobe. The pituitary gland sits in the sella turcica immediately behind and superior to the sphenoid sinus. Cavernous sinuses are located laterally on each side of the sella and include the internal carotid artery and cranial nerves III, IV, V1, V2, and VI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best method for visualization of hypothalamic-pituitary anatomy (Figure 17.1). Anterior pituitary hormones are regulated by hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones as well as negative feedback action of the target glandular hormones at both the pituitary and hypothalamic levels (Table 17.1).
Transplanted photoreceptors identified in dystrophic mouse retina by a transgenic reporter gene

Dissociated photoreceptor cells from a transgenic strain of mice, containing a bovine promoter lac Z gene construct, were transplanted to the dystrophic retinas of a strain of mice (C3H, rd/rd) without obvious photoreceptors. The transgenic photoreceptor cells expressed beta-galactosidase and were distinguishable from the host retinal cells by light and electron microscopy after the 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside histochemical reaction. These results showed that transplanted transgenic photoreceptor cells survived at least 1 month in the host retina and had a primitive outer segment and a well-developed synaptic terminal.
Identifying the roles of fathers in post-war northern Uganda: Groundwork for a parenting intervention

Parents are the most proximal influence in children’s lives and parenting practices can moderate the relationship between risk-laden contexts and child outcomes. The present study is part of a broa...
Imagery Measurement in Clinical Settings: Matching the Method to the Question

The increased use of imagery in as varied a range of clinical interventions as traditional behavioral techniques (e.g., Cautela’s covert conditioning, 1971, 1977; Wolpe’s systematic desensitization, 1969); psychodynamically oriented imagery therapies (Shorr’s psychoimagination therapy, 1972; Reyher’s emergent uncovering therapy, 1978; Leuner’s Guided Affective Imagery, 1977, 1978) and more physiologically-oriented interventions (e.g., biofeedback, bioenergetics, hypnosis, some Gestalt techniques, occasionally psychodrama—see Singer, 1974; Singer & Pope, 1978) has precipitated a resurgence of interest in imagery measurement. Qualitative and quantitative indices have been sought. This interest in assessment for clinical purposes can focus on diagnostic questions, can reflect needs of the intervention itself, or can grow from a desire to evaluate progress. Thus the function of the question being asked of the measure can vary.
Four Master Tropes, from Euclid to Leibniz, with Burke

Kenneth Burke begins his essay “Four Master Tropes” by identifying four figures of speech—metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony—as figures of thought, observing: “My primary concern with them here will be not with their purely figurative usage, but with their role in the discovery and description of ‘the truth.’” He then characterizes metaphor as “a device for seeing something in terms of something else. It brings out the thisness of a that, or the thatness of a this. The trope of metonymy elaborates the correlation by making reductions possible: “the reduction of some higher or more complex realm of being to the terms of a lower or less complex level of being.” Metonymy is useful for problem solving, up to a point, but then synecdoche offers a broader set of strategies of representation: “part for whole, whole for part, container for the contained, sign for the thing signified, … cause for effect, effect for cause, genus for species, species for genus, etc. All such conversions imply an integral relationship, a relationship of convertibility, between the two terms.” And of irony, he writes, “Irony arises when one tries, by the interaction of terms upon one another, to produce a development that uses all the terms.” It is a dialectic, which, like all good philosophical dialectic and all good political deliberation, leads beyond itself (Burke 1969).
Synergistic Effects of Psychological Intimate Partner Violence Exposure and Gender Discrimination on Postnatal Mental Health Trajectories.

While the literature examining physical intimate partner violence (IPV) is extensive, the impact of psychological IPV on mental health during high-risk times such as the period following childbirth...
Efficient Treatment of Large Active Spaces through Multi-GPU Parallel Implementation of Direct Configuration Interaction.

We have extended our graphical processing unit (GPU)-accelerated direct configuration interaction program to multiple devices, reducing iteration times for configuration spaces of 165 million determinants to only 3 s using NVIDIA P100 GPUs. Similar improvements in the one- and two-particle reduced density matrix formation allow for fast analytical energy gradients and electronic properties. Our parallel algorithm enables the calculation of arbitrarily large configuration spaces (limited only by available system memory), with iteration times of 13 min for an active space of 18 electrons in 18 orbitals (2.4 billion determinants) using six consumer grade NVIDIA 1080Ti GPUs. These advances enable routine molecular dynamics simulations, geometry optimizations, and absorption spectrum calculations for molecules with large configuration spaces, a task that has heretofore required massive computational effort. In this work, we demonstrate the utility of our program by generating the absorption spectrum for diphen...
9 – Pile Settlement

Publisher Summary When a pile is loaded, two things happen—the pile settles into the soil and the pile material compresses due to the load. Soil settles by a distance of s. This settlement occurs for two reasons: shortening of the pile due to the load and settlement of surrounding soil. The settlement of single piles can be broken down into three distinct parts—settlement due to axial deformation, settlement at pile point, and settlement due to skin friction. Under ‘‘Load Distribution of Piles,’’ it is not easy to accurately compute the load distribution along the length of the pile. Skin friction acting on the sidewalls of the pile absorbs a certain percentage of the load. In some cases, skin friction is so paramount that very little load develops at the tip of the pile. Axial compression of the pile is directly linked to the load distribution of the pile. Because of the load transmitted at the pile tip, soil just under the pile tip could settle. Skin friction acting along the shaft may stress the surrounding soil. Skin friction acts in an upward direction along the pile. Equal and opposite force acts on the surrounding soil. The force due to pile on surrounding soil would be in a downward direction.
Chapter 13 – Sulfur Polymers

Publisher Summary The sulfur polymers and the entire plastics industry are comparatively young. The sulfones form a large class of very useful and important polymers, in which sulfur plays an important chemical role; but they contain very little sulfur. The sulfones can be produced by reaction of olefins with sulfur dioxide. The copolymerization of various olefins is very popular as it yields alternating copolymers. The unsymmetrical olefins form either head-to-tail or head-to-head, tail-to-tail polymers, or a mixture of both, depending on the structure of the monomer. The reaction is often conducted under pressure. The polysulfones can also be prepared by the oxidation of polythioethers or by poly condensation of dihalides with the sodium salts of disulfinates. The dichlorodiphenyl sulfone reacts with bisphenols in an alkaline medium forming rigid, strong, thermoplastic products containing 50 to 80 units. The polymers containing sulfonic acid groups are usually water soluble and are used as tanning agents, adhesives, emulgators, and soil conditioners. The water insoluble polymers are used as ion-exchange resins.
Vascular actions of peripheral CGRP in migraine-like photophobia in mice:

BackgroundCalcitonin gene-related peptide is recognized as a key player in migraine, yet the mechanisms and sites of calcitonin gene-related peptide action remain unknown. The efficacy of calcitoni...
Chemical exchange sensitive MRI of glucose uptake using xylose as a contrast agent.

Purpose Glucose and its analogs can be detected by CEST and chemical exchange spin-lock (CESL) MRI techniques, but sensitivity is still a bottleneck for human applications. Here, CESL and CEST sensitivity and the effect of injection on baseline physiology were evaluated for a glucose analog, xylose. Methods The CEST and CESL sensitivity were evaluated at 9.4 T in phantoms and by in vivo rat experiments with 0.5 and 1 g/kg xylose injections. Arterial blood glucose level was sampled before and after 1 g/kg xylose injection. The effect of injection on baseline neuronal activity was measured by electrophysiology data during injections of saline, xylose, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Results In phantoms, xylose shows similar chemical exchange sensitivity and pH-dependence with that of glucose. In rat experiments with a bolus injection, CESL shows higher sensitivity in the detection of xylose than CEST, and the sensitivity of xylose is much higher than glucose. Injection of xylose does not significantly affect blood glucose level and baseline neural activity for 1-g/kg and 0.6-g/kg doses, respectively. Conclusion Due to its relatively high sensitivity and safety, xylose is a promising contrast agent for the study of glucose uptake.
Shoreline modification affects recruitment of invasive Phragmites australis

Shoreline hardening affects ecological processes in nearshore intertidal ecosystems and upland habitats. Invasive species establishment and spread is one consequence of shoreline alterations. Invasive Phragmites australis has spread throughout the U.S., including in subestuaries with hardened shorelines. It is unclear, though, by what mechanisms shoreline hardening facilitates P. australis establishment. We tested the hypothesis that shoreline structures are associated with seedling recruitment, resulting in higher levels of within stand genetic diversity. We used microsatellite analysis to examine the genetic diversity of P. australis stands associated with two types of shoreline structures (riprap, bulkhead revetments) compared to unaltered shorelines. Because P. australis seed viability depends on cross-pollination, higher levels of genetic diversity in stands associated with hardened shorelines are more likely to contribute to the spread of invasive P. australis. We conclude that the extent of shoreline modifications in the Chesapeake Bay has contributed to the spread of P. australis by seeds. The results have implications for the management of P. australis associated with the establishment of shoreline structures.
Comprehensive framework for gradient-based optimization in closed-loop reservoir management

An efficient, robust, and flexible adjoint-based computational framework for performing closed-loop reservoir management is developed and applied. The methodology includes gradient-based production optimization and data assimilation (history matching). Flexibility is achieved through the use of automatic differentiation (AD) within the reservoir simulation, production optimization, and history matching modules. The use of AD will also facilitate the application of closed-loop reservoir management to physical models of higher complexity. A fast sequential convex programming (SCP) solver based on the method of moving asymptotes (MMA) is applied for the production optimization component of the closed-loop. This technique is shown to outperform the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method, which is commonly used for production optimization computations. The history matching component of the workflow integrates both production data and proxy seismic measurements into a unified adjoint-based data assimilation framework. The effect of noisy data, and data of different types, on the accuracy of the history matching component is assessed. The overall closed-loop reservoir management methodology is tested using the well-documented Brugge model. Results demonstrate the efficient performance of the individual closed-loop components and the improvement in net present value that is achieved using these procedures.
We’ve Come a Long Way, Guys! Rhetorics of Resistance to the Feminist Critique of Sexist Language

We provide a qualitative analysis of resistance to calls for gender-neutral language. We analyzed more than 900 comments responding to two essays—one on AlterNet and another on Vox posted to the Vo...
Pesticide exposure among Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina

Background Although pesticides have adverse effects on child health and development, little research has examined pesticide exposure among child farmworkers. This analysis addresses two specific aims: (1) describes pesticide exposure among Latinx child farmworkers in North Carolina, and (2) delineates factors associated with this pesticide exposure. Methods In 2018 (n = 173) and 2019 (n = 156) Latinx child farmworkers completed interviews and wore silicone wristbands for a single day to measure pesticide exposure. Wristbands were analyzed for 70 pesticides. Results Most Latinx child farmworkers were exposed to multiple pesticides; the most frequent were pyrethroids (69.9% in 2018, 67.9% in 2019), organochlorines (51.4% in 2018, 55.1% in 2019), and organophosphates (51.4% in 2018, 34.0% in 2019). Children were exposed to a mean of 2.15 pesticide classes in 2018 and 1.91 in 2019, and to a mean of 4.06 pesticides in 2018 and 3.34 in 2019. Younger children (≤15 years) had more detections than older children; children not currently engaged in farm work had more detections than children currently engaged in farm work. Migrant child farmworkers had more detections than nonmigrants. For specific pesticides with at least 20 detections, detections and concentrations were generally greater among children not currently engaged in farm work than children currently engaged. Conclusions Children who live in farmworker communities are exposed to a plethora of pesticides. Although further research is needed to document the extent of pesticide exposure and its health consequences, sufficient information is available to inform the policy needed to eliminate this pesticide exposure in agricultural communities.
Early Life Exposure to Green Space and Mid-childhood Cognition in the Project Viva Cohort (Massachusetts, USA).

The association between early life greenness and child cognition is not well understood. Using prospective data from Project Viva (n=857) from 1999 to 2010, we examined associations of early life greenness exposure with mid-childhood cognition. We estimated residential greenness at birth, early childhood (median age 3.1y), and mid-childhood (7.8y) using 30m resolution Landsat satellite imagery [Normalized Difference Vegetation Index]. In early childhood and mid-childhood, we administered standardized assessments of verbal and nonverbal intelligence, visual-motor abilities, and visual memory. We used natural splines to examine associations of early life-course greenness with mid-childhood cognition, adjusting for age, sex, race, income, neighborhood socioeconomic status, maternal intelligence, and parental education. At lower levels of greenness (greenness<0.6), greenness exposure at early childhood was associated with a 0.48% increase in non-verbal intelligence and 2.64% increase in visual memory in mid-childhood. The association between early childhood greenness and mid-childhood visual memory was observed after further adjusting for early childhood cognition and across different methodologies, while the association with non-verbal intelligence was not. No other associations between early life-course greenness and mid-childhood cognition were found. Early childhood greenness was nonlinearly associated with higher mid-childhood visual memory. Our findings highlight the importance of nonlinear associations between greenness and cognition.
Two to Tango: Kidney-Lung Interaction in Acute Kidney Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients. AKI syndrome leads to fluid overload, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances, immunoparalysis, and propagates multiple organ dysfunction through organ "crosstalk". Preclinical models suggest AKI causes acute lung injury (ALI), and conversely, mechanical ventilation and ALI cause AKI. In the clinical setting, respiratory complications are a key driver of increased mortality in patients with AKI, highlighting the bidirectional relationship. This article highlights the challenging and complex interactions between the lung and kidney in critically ill patients with AKI and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and global implications of AKI. We discuss disease-specific molecular mediators and inflammatory pathways involved in organ crosstalk in the AKI-ARDS construct, and highlight the reciprocal hemodynamic effects of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and central venous pressure (CVP) leading to renal hypoperfusion and pulmonary edema associated with fluid overload and increased right ventricular afterload. Finally, we discuss the notion of different ARDS "phenotypes" and the response to fluid overload, suggesting differential organ crosstalk in specific pathological states. While the directionality of effect remains challenging to distinguish at the bedside due to lag in diagnosis with conventional renal function markers and lack of tangible damage markers, this review provides a paradigm for understanding kidney-lung interactions in the critically ill patient.
Mowing and disturbance increase survival rates of three rare moss species of fen meadows

Fen meadow habitats host many rare bryophytes. Lack of management has resulted in eliminations of specialized fen bryophytes by competitively stronger vascular plants or common bryophytes. We studied the effects of management (mowing only or in combination with disturbance and litter removal) on three fen moss species, Breidleria pratensis, Sphagnum warnstorfii and Tomentypnum nitens. Experimental plots were established at sixteen sites in Czechia and were sampled before and after three years of management application. Evaluation of management effects on species cover revealed significant support for both types of management of habitats with the occurrence of Breidleria pratensis and Tomentypnum nitens whereas the effect on Sphagnum warnstorfii cover was not significant. The effects of management on population size were evaluated as two aspects of spatial dynamics, namely the persistence of species in already occupied places and their expansion to new ones. Both management types increased the expansion of all three species, but their persistence was generally supported only by mowing. The combination of mowing and disturbance increased the survival rate only for Tomentypnum nitens and Breidleria pratensis. Overall, our results show that diverse management (mowing, optionally with the creation of gaps and litter removal), applied with reasonable intensity, is essential for maintaining a vital and diverse bryophyte layer in fen meadows.
Methanol Supply Issues for Alternative Fuels Demonstration Programs

This paper surveys issues affecting the supply of fuel-grade methanol for the California Energy Commission`s alternative fuels demonstration programs and operations by other public agencies such as transit and school districts. Establishing stable and reasonably priced sources of methanol (in particular) and of alternative fuels generally is essential to their demonstration and commercialization. Development both of vehicle technologies and of fuel supply and distribution are complementary and must proceed in parallel. However, the sequence of scaling up supply and distribution is not necessarily smooth; achievement of volume thresholds in demand and through-put of alternative fuels are marked by different kinds of challenges. Four basic conditions should be met in establishing a fuel supply: (1) it must be price competitive with petroleum-based fuels, at least when accounting for environmental and performance benefits; (2) bulk supply must meet volumes required at each phase; necessitating resilience among suppliers and a means of designating priority for high value users; (3) distribution systems must be reliable, comporting with end users` operational schedules; (4) volatility in prices to the end user for the fuel must be minimal. Current and projected fuel volumes appear to be insufficient to induce necessary economies of scale in production and distributionmore » for fuel use. Despite their benefits, existing programs will suffer absent measures to secure economical fuel supplies. One solution is to develop sources that are dedicated to fuel markets and located within the end-use region.« less
Do You See What I Mean: Plains Indians Sign Talk and the Embodiment of Action.

Do You See What. Mean: Plains Indians Sign Talk and the Embodiment of Action. Brenda Farnell. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995. 382 pp.
Dysfunctional Marital Conflict: Women Are Being Unfairly Blamed

Abstract Previous investigations have noted that: (1) women have been noted to typically start most of the marital conflict discussions in laboratories that use observational methods, (2) the way conflict discussions start is also critical in predicting both their outcome and the longitudinal course of marriages, and (3) in distressed marriages there is a wife-demand/husband-withdraw pattern. Coupled with the fact that women begin most marital conflict discussions, this gender pattern could be taken as blaming women for marital distress, unless it itself has an etiology. The present investigation was designed so that a non-conflict interaction, an events of the day reunion discussion after the partners had been apart for at least 8 hours, preceded the conflict discussion. The data of this investigation showed that the dysfunctional patterns of conflict interaction were predicted by husband as well as wife interaction variables during the preceding non-conflict interaction. These results qualify the interp...
Developing Effective Special Education Reading Teachers: The Influence of Professional Development, Context, and Individual Qualities

This study examined the impact of contextual and individual factors on the implementation of professional development (PD) content in the area of word study and fluency by three upper-elementary special education teachers. The PD effort included an initial PD institute, monthly cohort meetings, an online community forum, coaching, and opportunities for self-reflection. Interview data, observation field notes and ratings, meeting transcripts, and knowledge surveys were collected and analyzed. Using case study and cross-case analysis, three interrelated themes emerged that differentiated participating teachers' ability to effectively integrate the PD content into their classroom instruction: (a) content reading knowledge and pedagogical skills, (b) motivation to participate in the PD and to change instructional practice, and (c) individual teachers' willingness to enhance or modify the curriculum used in the classroom. Information related to these themes and their interrelationships is reported along with t...
Low voltage circuit breaker modernization through solid-state technology

The modernization of low-voltage circuit breakers through solid-state technology has made significant strides during the 1980s. This has lead to the latest technological advancements being placed in old-style breakers to improve system coordination, increase selection, enhance reliability, and extend equipment life. Power management systems are also available for monitoring and controlling older electrical distribution systems. An introduction to the newer technology and equipment life extension opportunities available is given. >
Two new acoels (Acoela, Platyhelminthes) from the central coast of California

From a survey of interstitial acoel flatworms at Bodega Bay, California, the new species Haplogonaria phyllospadicis sp. nov. , (Haploposthiidae) and Stylomecynostomum bodegensis gen. nov. sp. nov. (Mecynostomidae) are described, and new distributional records for two species of acoels, Raphidophallus actuosus (Convolutidae) and Paratomella rubra (Paratomellidae), previously unknown from the Pacific coast of North America, are also reported.
45nm CMOS 8Ω Class-D audio driver with 79% efficiency and 100dB SNR

Integrating audio and power management into a system-on-chip (SoC) is of interest due to reduced board area and cost. Integrated Class-D audio drivers need to drive high voltages to deliver high power across small loads; 525mW (5.8V pp differential) across an 8Ω load working off the battery. Absence of high-voltage transistors along with high device noise (flicker), device mismatch and leakage pose design challenges in 45nm CMOS.
Future Vaccine Development at NICHD

Using published data and the results of our studies, we hypothesized that a critical level of serum IgG antibodies to the surface structures of invasive pathogens (capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b, pneumococcus, meningococcus, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, the O-specific polysaccharide LPS domain of the LPS of Shigella, non-typhoidal Salmonella, and E. coli, and the capsular polypeptide of Bacillus anthraces) confer immunity to these pathogens. Covalent attachment to a protein increases their immunogenicity and bestows T-cell properties to these antigens. We have also shown that a critical level of serum IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin alone induces immunity on both an individual and on a community basis (herd immunity) to Bordetella pertussis. It is likely that all the above conjugates and pertussis toxoid will be incorporated into vaccines for routine infant immunization.
Entamoeba histolytica: Nucleic acid precursors affecting axenic growth

Abstract Treatment of Panmede and Trypticase, in water, with activated carbon and subsequently combining the filtered solution with glucose, cysteine, salts, serum and vitamins results in a medium depleted in the nucleic acid precursors required to sustain a high level of growth of axenic Entamoeba histolytica. Additions to the depleted medium which stimulated sustained growth, were the following, in the order of increasing efficacy: adenosine, adenine, AMP, AMP + GMP, AMP + GMP + UMP + CMP, or yeast ribonucleic acid. The last three additions restored growth to the level of cultures in TP-S-1 medium. No stimulation of sustained growth was found with GMP, IMP, UMP, or CMP, singly.
Incidence of Tachinid Parasitism of Several Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Species Associated with Soybean

Parasitism by tachinids of 13 species of pentatomids collected primarily in soybean fields from four locations in Louisiana was evaluated during a 3-year study. Parasitism was determined by examining the hosts externally for the presence of parasite eggs plus holding them in the laboratory and observing for parasite emergence. Parasite species composition was determined for each pentatomid. Seasonal rates of parasitism were evaluated for the pest species, Nezara viridula (L.), Acroslernum hilare (Say), and Euschistus spp. Seven tachinid species were recovered. Only Trichopoda pennipes (F.) was observed developing on N. viridula . Supernumerary oviposition, with up to 19 and 25 eggs observed on single N. viridula and A. hilare males, was common by this parasite. N. viridula were dissected in the laboratory to determine the incidence of parasite larvae, the gonadal developmental stages of males and females most commonly parasitized, and the effects of parasitism on the fecundity of parasitized female hosts. Although significantly more parasite eggs were deposited on males than on females, the percent with parasite larvae and number of larvae per host were not statistically different between sexes. Significantly more of the N. viridula bearing larvae were in the later compared with the earlier gonadal developmental categories. The mean number of eggs per reproductively active female was significantly reduced in parasitized N. viridula . Parasitism of N. viridula was higher in collections made from cowpea than from soybean.
Clinical interpretation of leukocyte responses.

This article provides an overview of leukocyte (neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil) function, production, kinetics, and response to various physiological and disease states. Information is presented to provide the reader with a scientific basis to interpret leukogram data from dogs and cats in health and disease.
Nonlinear plasma response

Abstract The decomposition method ( G. Adomian, “Stochastic Systems,” Academic Press, New York/London, 1983 ; G. Adomian, “Stochastic Systems II,” in press) (and earlier work of Adomian referenced therein) allows solution without linearization of problems normally requiring the self-consistent field technique. The latter technique can provide a sufficiently accurate approximation in weakly coupled plasma, but the decomposition method of Adomian provides a superior and physically preferable methodology for the general case.
Nanoscale nonlinear optics

Nonlinear optics is one of the major successes of modern optics. Now due to continuing advances in nanofabrication technology, nanoscale, nonlinear optical assemblies or structures are possible in a variety of formats - from guided-wave devices, such as Si wires, to regular in-plane arrays. In this talk, we will review recent advances in nanoscale nonlinear optical phenomena, with particular emphasis on work occurring in the authors’ laboratories or that of his collaborators. The efficacy of these nonlinear optical devices depends on our ability to control several optical phenomena via the choice of structure and materials. These phenomena include engineering guided-wave dispersion, local enhancement of optical fields, and matching the phase of a fundamental and converted wave over a significant length scales. Finally the vitality of these field can be seen in the fact that nonlinear nanooptical structures can be made in a variety of materials from plasmonically active metals to electrooptically active insulating crystals to low-loss semiconductors with very large optical nonlinear coefficients.
Statistical models for monitoring and predicting effects of climate change and invasion on the free-living insects and a spider from sub-Antarctic Heard Island

Terrestrial ecosystems of sub-Antarctic islands are particularly sensitive to global and local human impacts, including climate change and species invasion. Invertebrates form a central component of these ecosystems. We conducted a stratified survey of 60 sites on sub-Antarctic Heard Island and used Poisson regression models to describe the spatial distribution and abundance of five of the ten free-living species captured. Acari and Collembola were not considered. Five species were not caught in traps in sufficient numbers to model. The distributions of species were described by altitude, vegetation type and aspect. The resulting distribution models can be used to both monitor and predict the effects of climate change and species invasion on this unique and valuable ecosystem.
Disseminated histoplasmosis: abdominal CT findings in 16 patients.

Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection has been reported with much greater frequency in both endemic and nonendemic areas. Abdominal CT scans of 16 patients with disseminated histoplasmosis were reviewed retrospectively to identify radiologic features of this disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy (three patients), bone marrow biopsy (10 patients), lymph node biopsy (three patients), bronchoscopic biopsy (three patients), liver biopsy (two patients), and/or colonoscopic biopsy (one patient). Fourteen patients had serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Disseminated histoplasmosis was either the only initial manifestation of AIDS (seven patients) or was accompanied simultaneously by cytomegalovirus infection (four patients), or Kaposi sarcoma, Toxoplasma encephalitis, or cryptosporidiosis (one patient each). Abdominal CT findings included hepatomegaly (63%); splenomegaly (38%); diffuse splenic hypottenuation (19%); bilateral adrena...
Health insurance as a requirement to undergo cardiac transplantation: a national survey of transplant program practices.

Abstract Background Recent limitations in Medicaid coverage of transplantation in Arizona jeopardized transplantation of potential recipients in that state and called attention to financial barriers inherent in the present organ allocation system. Policies of cardiac transplant centers regarding insurance requirements for transplantation have not been previously assessed. We sought to determine the policies of adult cardiac transplant programs nationwide regarding insurance requirements for evaluation and listing for cardiac transplantation. Methods From December 15, 2008 to November 16, 2010, all active adult cardiac transplant programs in the United States were surveyed regarding insurance requirements for evaluation and listing for cardiac transplantation. Results Surveys were completed by 62 of 101 programs, accounting for 71% of adult cardiac transplants in 2007. Only 2% of recipients were uninsured. Insurance was required by 48% of programs to evaluate and 84% to list for transplantation. For uninsured patients, 81% of programs required a large amount of money upfront (median, $200,000; interquartile range, $10,000–$300,000) to list for transplantation and often (84%) educated patients about fundraising to acquire these resources. Conclusions Adult cardiac transplant programs generally require candidates to have adequate health insurance to undergo transplantation. Uninsured patients typically need a significant amount of money upfront to be listed for transplantation and often are advised to fundraise to gather such resources.
An evaluation of closed-loop control options for continuum manipulators

Continuum manipulators are gaining widespread acceptance in commercial robotics, particularly in the medical field, where their compliance allows a large benefit for patient safety. However, this compliance also makes precise position control of these manipulators quite difficult. This paper presents two closed-loop control implementations applied to a small scale continuum manipulator. These implementations are both based on manipulator tip position feedback from an electromagnetic sensor. The command tracking and disturbance rejection properties of the two control implementations are shown to be approximately equivalent, and provide improved position control when compared to open-loop control, without sacrificing system stability.
Sharing results from complex disease genetics studies: a community based participatory research approach.

OBJECTIVES: Dissemination of research results to communities builds capacity of the community to understand and utilize the results. The objective of this manuscript was to propose a culturally appropriate approach to disseminate complex disease genetics research findings in small Alaska Native communities. STUDY DESIGN: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research is a community-based participatory research project (CBPR) directed at understanding the interactions between genetic, nutritional and psychosocial risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in Yup`ik Eskimos. METHODS: We have consulted with regional healthcare providers, tribal leaders, and university-, local-, and national-institutional review boards to identify potential mechanisms for sharing population-based genetics research results or progress. RESULTS: We propose a six step CBPR-approach to conducting genetics research in isolated identifiable communities. This CPBR-approach includes generating a common research question, determining community interest, recruitment, capacity building, sharing power and control, avoiding group harm, and development of culturally appropriate dissemination procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Research scientists and community members should both benefit from population-based genetics research. Although we are just beginning our discussions with regard to sharing genetics research progress and findings, we believe that it is essential move forward as co-researchers in the CBPR enterprise. Keywords: confidentiality,; Eskimo; family-based recruitment; group harm; reporting research results; Yup’ik (Int J Circumpolar Health 2007; 66(1):19-30)
Evaluation of the Stress-Energy Methodology to Predict Transmitted Shock through Expanded Foam Cushions

Mechanical stresses experienced by packages in the distribution environment include shock and vibration amongst several others. The destructive effects of these hazards can typically be restricted by using cushioning materials to help protect fragile goods during distribution. ASTM D1596 is the conventional standard used to determine shock absorbing performance of a cushioning material for a given combination of static loading, thickness, and drop height. This industry-accepted standard, however, requires significant amounts of transmitted shock data and can be expensive with respect to costs associated with testing and materials amongst others. Alternate stress-energy-based methodologies, developed in the past decade, recommending a considerable reduction in the number of drop tests while providing the ability to predict transmitted shock for any drop height, static loading as well as cushion thickness, are evaluated in this study for their stated accuracy. Based upon an in-depth evaluation of dynamic cushion curves for closed cell moldable foams generated using ASTM D1596, this research evaluates the accuracy of the proposed methodology in relation to the prediction of transmitted shock. Results show that the stress-energy methods while saving time in predicting transmitted shock, produce higher degrees of error than the ±5 % previously stated. In addition, they cannot predict behavior of cushions, and transmitted shock at high drop heights and static loadings with thin cushions, where only the measured values are accurate.
Integrated AIR/UEP scheme for robust video transmission with a corruption model

Our previous work in the corruption model is extended in this research to cover a more general error propagation scenario, and then used to develop a joint AIR/UEP (adaptive intra-refresh/unequal error protection) scheme. Basically, we relate AIR to the importance of packets via the corruption model at the encoder. Once the intra refresh ratio is determined, which is currently assumed to be known either by a priori knowledge or the network feedback, the expected distortion for each macroblock is calculated based on the corruption model and AIR is performed accordingly. The corruption model exploits the initial error strength, which depends on the normative error concealment scheme, and motion vectors of previously coded frames. The expected loss impact of each macroblock is calculated concurrently by recycling the same corruption model in the reverse direction. Furthermore, if there is feedback about packet loss (e.g. ACK/NACK), the stored corruption models for lost macroblocks are updated by error tracking so that the updated models will affect subsequent AIR/UEP accordingly. Finally, packetization of protected data is considered for video transmission over IP networks.
Codominant PCR-based markers for Pinus taeda developed from mapped cDNA clones.

We report a strategy for developing codominant PCR-based genetic markers by using sequenced cDNA clones from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). These clones were previously used as probes for detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to generate linkage maps. After assessing the complexity of banding patterns from Southern blots, we selected clones representing relatively simple gene families, and then determined nucleotide sequences for about 200 bp at each end of the cDNA inserts. Specific PCR primers were designed to amplify samples of genomic DNA derived from two loblolly pine mapping populations. Polymorphisms were detected after digesting the amplified DNA fragments with a battery of restriction endonucleases, and most polymorphisms were inherited in a Mendelian fashion. These newly identified genetic markers are codominant and relatively simple to use. By assaying DNA from individuals used to construct RFLP maps, we show that most of these markers map to the same position as the RFLP loci detected using their corresponding cDNAs as probes, implying that these markers have been converted from RFLP to PCR-based methods. These PCR-based markers will be useful for genome mapping and population genetics.
Hydrogen embrittlement in ductile Ni3Al—Effects of hydrogen content, strain rate and pre-deformation

Abstract Hydrogen embrittlement has been studied in continuous cast sheet of an Ni 3 Al alloy (Ni 77.83 Al 21.73 Zr 0.34 B 0.1 ). When tensile tests were performed at the initial strain rate of 5.8 × 10 −5 s − , the elongation decreased from 32.7% for no charging to 1.9% for 330 min of cathodic charging with 50 mA/cm 2 current, but the yield stress did not change. The fracture mode changed partially from dimple to intergranular and cleavage modes. At a faster strain rate of 5.8 × 10 −3 s −1 , hydrogen embrittlement was less pronounced, but the yield stress increased with hydrogen content and multiple cracks were generated. Plastically pre-deformed (2–26% elongations) and subsequently charged specimens failed after yielding, which occurred at the final pre-deformation stress. Our results suggest that the grain boundary or the interior of the grain was not weakened by hydrogen, rather hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity caused the loss of ductility in B-doped Ni 3 Al alloy.
Sex-Role Stereotyping by High School Females in Science.

Although the participation by females in upper-level occupations and positions has expanded considerably in recent years, science is still considered a masculine career field. The results of this study show that only the physical sciences in particular (not science in general) are clearly viewed as masculine academic areas. Furthermore, the results suggest that the perception by girls of the physical sciences as masculine is much more likely to occur in coed classes than in all-female classes. The results can best be explained by two factors: (1) the attitudes conveyed by teachers and by society may predispose students toward a greater acceptance of women in biology than in the physical sciences; and (2) when girls perceive themselves as a deviant minority in physical science classes, their performance and preference for the physical sciences is reduced, perhaps because of competition and comparison with males. In all-female classes, however, girls are not a deviant minority, and therefore they are able to perform and develop preferences without inhibition.
Experimental studies of the P- T-H 2 O near-liquidus phase relations of basaltic andesite from North Sister Volcano, High Oregon Cascades: constraints on lower-crustal mineral assemblages

We have mapped the mineralogy onto the H2O-undersaturated liquidus surface of basaltic andesite from North Sister Volcano to constrain the crystalline assemblage with which, and P–T–H2O conditions at which, the melt last equilibrated before erupting. Combining our high pressure experimental results with examples of tectonically exposed lower arc crust, geophysical constraints, trace element geochemistry, and melt inclusion volatile contents, we conclude that an anhydrous, augite-rich gabbro at ∼12 kbar and ∼1,175°C is the most probable lithology with which North Sister basaltic andesite with ∼3.5 wt% H2O last equilibrated before erupting. We speculate that reaction between this gabbro and primitive mantle-derived precursor melts buffered the compositions of magmas erupted from this volcano resulting in their remarkably limited compositional range.