cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Families of replicating units in cultured hamster fibroblasts

Abstract An examination of the patterns of DNA replication in pseudodiploid Don C and diploid Don cell lines in culture has been made. Pulse-chase labelling experiments with 3 H-thymidine in both synchronized and log-phase cells indicate that the newly replicated DNA can be divided into two and three large temporally distinct fractions in Don C and Don cells, respectively. This is shown radiochemically by fluctuations in the incorporation of 3 H-thymidine into the DNA of synchronized cells and autoradiographically by fluctuations in counts of labelled metaphases and grain over mitotic figures. Pulse-chase experiments and fluorometric determinations indicate that the periodic incorporation of 3 H-thymidine can be accounted for by discontinuous synthesis and turnover of DNA during the cell cycle. A survey of the literature reveals that fluctuations in DNA synthetic activity during the S phase are to be found in a large number of published graphs of cell population kinetics. The phenomenon is observable in both diploid and non-diploid cells. A change in the timing of DNA replicon synthesis during the S phase according to the developmental stage and age of the cell is proposed.
Major late cainozoic climatic events and palaeoenvironmental changes in Africa viewed in a world wide context

Abstract During the Late Cainozoic Africa witnessed big changes of a physical and biological nature. The continent was affected by drift, orographic changes, internal rifting and stepwise cooling of world climate. The climatic variations which occurred are reviewed in this contribution in a wider context, correlating them with events in other continents and in the surrounding oceans. The evidence from former sea levels is not included in this survey. Pronounced global cooling dated at 15.5-14, 10-9, 6.2-5.2, 3.6 and 2.5 m.y. are discussed. These episodes had a considerable influence on the biota of the continent. During these events the climate became progressively colder and drier, while during the interim periods the climate was warmer and more humid. Oceanic evidence indicates that the hyperaridity of the Namib desert in southwestern Africa dates back to the early Late Miocene. The Saharan flora, adapted to aridity, may be of Mid Pliocene or Late Miocene age. The savanna biotope, which is of importance for considerations on human evolution, was widespread in East Africa during the time when glaciations increased rapidly in the Northern Hemisphere. The existence of much older savannas is discussed. Impoverishment and temporary dissection of the tropical and subtropical forests of Africa will have occurred repeatedly during cold periods after the Miocene. A consequence of these changes was that in Early Pliocene time these forests were in the southwestern Cape replaced by “fynbos” (macchia).
Feedback Model of Air Transportation System Change: Implementation Challenges for Aviation Information Systems

The U.S. air transportation system faces substantial challenges in implementing new aviation information systems to meet future demand. These challenges need to be understood and addressed in order to successfully meet future system needs. This paper uses a feedback model to describe the processes by which system change occurs. In addition, key issues in the dynamics of system change, with particular emphasis on stakeholder cost-benefit dynamics, and safety approval processes are identified. Overcoming stakeholder barriers and ensuring efficient safety approval and certification process are key enablers to the successful implementation of aviation information systems into the air transportation system. The implementation of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast and integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the air transportation system are discussed as examples of current technology-dependent system changes.
Reduced somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex in nonfamilial dysphasic dementia

A nonfamilial syndrome is described in two middle-aged men who presented with progressive aphasia without incipient signs of cognitive impairment. In each case, 2 years elapsed before progressive functional decline or behavioral disabilities supervened. Radiologic studies documented asymmetric left cerebral atrophy that was progressive. The structure of the language disintegration was distinctive and not like that in Alzheimer9s disease. Pathologic studies performed at postmortem examination of one patient documented asymmetric cerebral atrophy with nonspecific histopathologic changes. Biochemical studies revealed normal tissue levels of choline acetyltransferase activity, but reduced somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. Since cerebral somatostatin is largely present in intrinsic cortical neurons, while cholinergic innervation is largely derived from the basal forebrain, these findings suggest that nonfamilial dysphasic dementia may be an example of a distinct class of dementia due to intrinsic cortical degeneration, with sparing of the basal forebrain.
How does technology assessment differ among countries: a discussion of three countries with different styles of technology assessment

To answer the question of how technology assessment differs among countries, two background issues must be examined. These are (1) How is health care in the country organized and financed? and (2) What are the country's cultural attitudes towards health care? The cultural influence on methods of technology assessment used in various countries can be seen through a comparison of three culturally diverse countries-Japan, England, and the United States. The focus of the comparison is as follows-an effective methodology of technology assessment should compliment the structure and culture of health care in the country under study. The mandate for the use of decision making tools such as technology assessment for guiding health care decisions is directly related to the degree of centralization inherent in the financing of health care in the country under study.
Partial Word Knowledge and Vocabulary Growth during Reading Comprehension

The experiment investigated the development of vocabulary knowledge in elementary school children as a function of story reading for partially known and unknown words. Fourth graders participated i...
Workshop Applying Cooperative Learning Methods in Teaching Computer Programming

This workshop examines how to use cooperative learning as an effective instructional strategy for teaching computer programming. After an experiential introduction and a brief presentation of theoretical principles, participants will work collaboratively to design and evaluate instructional activities of their own. Participants will also receive a set of cooperative learning activities that they can incorporate into their own programming courses, including guidance and suggestions for applying these exercises in the classroom.
Debate Privatization in the social welfare state: the case of Norway

The method of deviant case analysis is used to study privatization under the least hospitable circumstances. Norway, a country steeped in principles of egalitarianism, is moving in new directions, mostly due to forces from the global economy. This article puts contemporary trends in sociocultural context. The implications for the health and mental health fields are discussed.
A Simple and Rapid Procedure for the Determination of α Amino-nitrogen and Ammonia in Urine

The ninhydrin-colorimetric procedure for the determination of urinary α amino-nitrogen has been simplified by the use of the Conway microdiffusion unit to remove ammonia from the sample. In this way, urinary ammonia is measured, and at the same time an ammonia-free urine sample is ready for α amino-nitrogen analysis. Values for total and free α amino-nitrogen in normal urine samples were found to be similar to those previously reported by more complicated procedures.
On the use of computational geometry to detect software faults at runtime

Despite advances in software engineering, software faults continue to cause system downtime. Software faults are difficult to detect before the system fails, especially since the first symptom of a fault is often system failure itself.This paper presents a computational geometry technique and a supporting tool to tackle the problem of timely fault detection during the execution of a software application. The approach in- volves collecting a variety of runtime measurements and building a geometric enclosure, such as a convex hull, which represents the normal (i.e., non-failing) operating space of the application being monitored. When collected runtime measurements are classified as being outside of the enclosure, the application is considered to be in an anomalous (i.e., failing) state. This paper presents exper- imental results that illustrate the advantages of using a computational geometry approach over the distance based approaches of Chi-Squared and Mahalanobis distance. Additionally, we present results illustrating the advantages of using the convex-hull enclosure for fault detection in favor of a simpler enclosure such as a hyperrectangle
Design-for-manufacturability (DFM) methodology and yield analysis for embedded RF circuits for system-in-package (SiP) applications

The rapidly evolving telecommunications market has led to the need for advanced RF circuits. Complex multi-band/multi-mode RF designs require accurate prediction early in the design schedule and time-to-market pressures require that design iterations be kept to a minimum. This paper presents a layout-level, multi-domain DFM methodology and yield optimization technique for embedded RF circuits for SiP-based wireless applications. The proposed concept consists of layout- level statistical diagnosis and yield optimization. The statistical analysis takes into account the effect of the thermo-mechanical stress and the process variations that are incurred in batch fabrication. The results show good correlation with measurement/electromagnetic (EM) data.
A phantom for visualization of three-dimensional drug release by ultrasound-induced mild hyperthermia.

Purpose: Ultrasound-induced mild hyperthermia has advantages for noninvasive, localized and controlled drug delivery. In this study, a tissue-mimicking agarose-based phantom with a thermally sensitive indicator was developed for studying the spatial drug delivery profile using ultrasound-induced mild hyperthermia. Methods: Agarose powder, regular evaporated milk, Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS), n-propanol, and silicon carbide powder were homogeneously mixed with low temperature sensitive liposomes (LTSLs) loaded with a self-quenched near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye. A dual-mode linear array ultrasound transducer was used for insonation at 1.54 MHz with a total acoustic power and acoustic pressure of 2.0 W and 1.5 MPa, respectively. After insonation, the dye release pattern in the phantom was quantified based on optical images, and the three-dimensional release profile was reconstructed and analyzed. A finite-difference time-domain-based algorithm was developed to simulate both the temperature distribution and spatial dye diffusion as a function of time. Finally, the simulated dye diffusion patterns were compared to experimental measurements. Results: Self-quenching of the fluorescent dye in DPBS was substantial at a concentration of 6.25 × 10−2 mM or greater. The transition temperature of LTSLs in the phantom was 35 °C, and the release reached 90% at 37 °C. The simulated temperature for hyperthermia correlated with the thermocouple measurements with a mean error between 0.03 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.02 °C. The R2 value between the experimental and simulated spatial extent of the dye diffusion, defined by the half-peak level in the elevation, lateral and depth directions, was 0.99 (slope = 1.08), 0.95 (slope = 0.99), and 0.80 (slope = 1.04), respectively, indicating the experimental and simulated dye release profiles were similar. Conclusions: The combination of LTSLs encapsulating a fluorescent dye and an optically transparent phantom is useful for visualizing and modeling drug releasein vitro following ultrasound-induced mild hyperthermia. The coupled temperature simulation and dye-diffusion simulation tools were validated with the experimental system and can be used to optimize the thermal dose and spatial and temporal dye release pattern.
Ischemic Episode Detection in an ECG Waveform Using Discrete Cosine Transform and Artificial Neural Network

A new method that uses discrete cosine transform (DCT) and artificial neural network (ANN) is presented for the detection of myocardial ischemic(MI) episodes in ambulatory ECG (AECG) monitoring based on the ST-T segment changes. First, ST-T segments are extracted based on the detection of the R-peaks in the AECG waveform. DCT is then used to represent the extracted ST-T segments. A subset of the DCT coefficients is used as a feature vector to represent the ST-T segments. Finally, a three-layered feedforward ANN trained with backpropagation algorithm is used to classify the ST-T segments as normal or abnormal (potential MI episodes). In computer simulations, the classification rates as high as 82% were achieved. The results show that the DCT based artificial neural network (ANN) is a viable approach to detect ischemic episodes using ST-T segments of AECG waveform.
Quantifying the impact of adverse events on the electricity grid as a function of grid topology

Traditional approaches to the study of grid vulnerability have taken an asset based approach, which seeks to identify those assets most likely to result in grid-wide failures or disruptions in the event that they are compromised. We propose an alternative approach to the study of grid vulnerability, one based on the topological structure of the entire grid. We propose a method that will identify topological parameters most closely related to the ability of the grid to withstand an adverse event. We compare these topological parameters in terms of their impact on the vulnerability metric we have defined, referred to as the grid's “survivability”. Our approach is motivated by Paul Baran's work on communications networks, which also studied vulnerability in terms of network-wide parameters. Our approach is useful both as a planning model for evaluating proposed changes to a grid and as a risk assessment tool.
Pitch angle scattering of energetic particles by oblique whistler waves

First order cyclotron or Landau resonant pitch angle scattering of electrons by oblique whistler waves propagating at large angles to the ambient field are found to be at least as large as that due to parallel propagating waves. Commonly observed precipitation of more than 40 keV electrons in association with ducted whistlers may thus be accompanied by substantial fluxes of lower energy (10 eV-40 keV) electrons precipitated by the nonducted components.
Millisecond catalytic reforming of monoaromatics over noble metals

The millisecond autothermal reforming of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, and styrene were independently studied over five noble metal-based catalysts: Pt, Rh, Rh/γ-Al2O3, Rh–Ce, and Rh–Ce/γ-Al2O3, as a function of carbon-to-oxygen feed ratio. The Rh–Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest feedstock conversion as well as selectivities to both synthesis gas and hydrocarbon products (lowest selectivities to H2O and CO2). Experimental results demonstrate a high stability of aromatic rings within the reactor system. Benzene and toluene seem to react primarily heterogeneously, producing only syngas and combustion products. Ethylbenzene and cumene behaved similarly, with higher conversions than benzene and toluene, and high product selectivity to styrene, likely due to homogeneous reactions involving their alkyl groups. Styrene exhibited low conversions over Rh–Ce/γ-Al2O3, emphasizing the stability of styrene in the reactor system. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Things are looking up.

The barreleye ( Macropinna microstoma ) is a member of the Opisthoproctidae family, a bizarre collection of approximately 11 oceanic species, all of which are mesopelagic to bathypelagic in habit with no shortage of unusual ocular adaptations evolved to master this biologically forbidding environment. Figure M microstoma is an odd, translucent (even its brain is visible), little fish with a maximum length of about 5 cm (specimen illustrated on the cover measured 4.4 cm). Living at depths up to 900 metres below sea level, where darkness, extreme pressure, and numbing cold will winnow the weak, this solitary fish faces challenges that evolution has met with creative, but not entirely surprising, innovations. This particular species has very large spherical pigmented crystalline lenses, and vertically directed tubular eyes among other adaptations. Lens pigmentation may occur in diurnal vertebrates and in these species the pigment is a soluble component of the lens cells and is freely diffusible throughout the cells within the crystalline lens. This yellow pigmentation, seen in mammals such as the ground squirrel ( Spermophilus beecheyi ), is an adaptation believed to improve acuity by reducing chromatic aberration of the shorter wavelengths. Lens pigmentation may also occur as an age related phenomenon (as cataract surgeons know well). This pigmentation is probably a degenerative ageing change and a result of ultraviolet exposure. But, some ageing changes in pigmentation of the crystalline lens are not degenerative. Some mesopelagic fish ( Argyropelecus affinis hatchetfish in the family Sternoptychidae) have an abrupt pigmentation of the lens fibres beginning at approximately the mid-point in their maturation cycle, …
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Thrombosis and Suprarenal Caval Stenosis : A Double Whammy

Inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis associated with filters is not uncommon in clinical practice. However, suprarenal extension of the thrombosis to the hepatic segment of the IVC is very rare, particularly in absence of renal or hepatic tumors [(1)][1]. Benign intrinsic IVC stenosis is a rare
Region of factor IXa protease domain that interacts with factor VIIIa: analysis of select hemophilia B mutants.

Introduction: The identification of coagulation factor IX as a substance required for blood coagulation was first established by Pavlovsky, who reported that a mixture of blood from two hemophiliacs clotted normally.1 Based on this discovery and subsequent observations,2 hemophilia was divided into two conditions-hemophilia A or factor VIII deficiency, the most prevalent condition, and hemophilia B or factor IX deficiency, a less common condition. Since then, much has been learned about the molecular and structural biology of factor IX. It is a vitamin K-dependent protein that participates in the middle phase of the intrinsic as well as the extrinsic coagulation cascade.3 The gene for factor IX consists of eight exons and seven introns, is approximately 34 kb long, and located on the long arm of the X-chromosome at band Xq27.1.4,5 The positions of the introns in the factor IX gene are essentially identical to those of the other three homologous proteins, namely, factor VII, factor X, and protein C;3 the genes for the latter three proteins, however, are not located on the X-chromosome.
Bringing Research to Life Through Action Research Methods

The intuitive notion of action research — planning with individuals to try something out, studying what happens when the change is implemented, making appropriate revisions, and then trying it again — appeals to researchers interested in using the practical knowledge of the people they study, simultaneously allowing them to develop strong personal connections. This paper provides an overview of action research methods and their potential use in applied social research on aging and the elderly. The first section defines terms and gives examples of action research. The second section reviews work in this field, and the final section presents four questions for gerontologists to consider.
Revisiting Westphalia, Discovering Post-westphalia

This article explores the structure of world order fromthe perspective of the Treaty of Westphalia, which is treated asthe benchmark for the emergence of the modern system of sovereignstates. Emphasis is placed on Westphalia as historical event, ideaand ideal, and process of evolution, and also on developments thatsupersede this framing of world politics, especially, globalizationand the megaterrorist challenge of September 11, 2001. At issue is whether the state system is resilient enough to adapt to new globalconditions or is in the process of being supplanted, and whether thesequel to Westphalia is moving toward humane global governance orsome dysutopic variant, or both at once.
Galvanostatic interruption of lithium insertion into magnetite: Evidence of surface layer formation

Magnetite is a known lithium intercalation material, and the loss of active, nanocrystalline magnetite can be inferred from the open-circuit potential relaxation. Specifically, for current interruption after relatively small amounts of lithium insertion, the potential first increases and then decreases, and the decrease is hypothesized to be due to a formation of a surface layer, which increases the solid-state lithium concentration in the remaining active material. Comparisons of simulation to experiment suggest that the reactions with the electrolyte result in the formation of a thin layer of electrochemically inactive material, which is best described by a nucleation and growth mechanism. Simulations are consistent with experimental results observed for 6, 8 and 32-nm crystals. Furthermore, simulations capture the experimental differences in lithiation behavior between the first and second cycles.
Improving diagrammatic reasoning in middle school science using conventions of diagrams instruction

Visual representations are essential for science understanding, but many students have poor diagrammatic reasoning skills. Previous research showed that teaching high school and college students about the conventions of diagrams (COD) can improve diagrammatic reasoning. In this study, middle school science students received COD instruction delivered as a classroom warm-up using laptop computers, while control students received publisher-developed warm-up questions. Students receiving COD warm-ups for 10 weeks (but not 4 weeks) improved their diagrammatic reasoning more than control students. Treatment students' answers were more accurate than control students' answers, especially on easy questions. The discourse of pairs of students during the warm-ups showed that treatment students talked about the diagrams more and made more inferences and that this difference was greatest for easy questions. Results suggest that COD instruction can be initiated in middle school along with more formal science instruction, can be integrated into classroom routine using computer-delivered warm-ups, is helpful (if sustained) both for improving diagrammatic reasoning and for supporting learning science content and works at least in part by increasing students' engagement during routine work.
The Role of Two-Electron Threshold Resonances in Si Near Edge Structure

We have observed a giant two-hole resonance near the ls threshold of Si in SiO2 which accounts for much of the white line structure in the KLL Auger yield. The resonance appears as a peak in the energy distribution curve with linear dispersion, at an energy near the KLL line and thus not corresponding to a one-hole photoemission line. This peak is identified with a final state consisting of two 2p holes, a localized excited state, and a continuum electron, and corresponds to direct 2p photoemission with a 2p shakeup hole. The process responsible for this peak can either be viewed as resonant shakeup due to autoionization of the 2p electron [1] or as an Auger Resonant Raman transition [2]. A corresponding line is observed in elemental Si, but it is strongly suppressed due, presumably, to the shorter excitonic lifetime.
L-NNA decreases cortical hyperemia and brain cGMP levels following CO2 inhalation in Sprague-Dawley rats.

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the response to 5% CO2 inhalation was investigated by measuring 1) regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) by laser-Doppler flowmetry and pial vessel diameter through a...
Effects of adding red wine on the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of uncured frankfurter-type sausage

The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality and sensory characteristics of RTE frankfurter-type sausage cured with celery juice powder and including red wine. Four frankfurter treatments including a conventionally cured treatment without red wine (control) and three treatments cured with pre-converted vegetable juice powder and 0%, 5% or 10% (v/w) red wine were prepared. Results showed that adding 5% red wine increased the a*-value, and the textural resilience, cohesiveness and springiness of the frankfurters, as well as decreased lipid/protein oxidation of the final products. Added wine also introduced new volatiles (alcohol and ester compounds) to the frankfurters. The principal component (PC) analysis showed that the pre-converted vegetable juice powder achieved the same effects as the conventional curing agents for typical frankfurter properties. However, the addition of excess amounts of red wine (10%) to the meat batter decreased the pH of meat batter and accelerated lipid oxidation.
Maternal protein deprivation and toxemia of pregnancy: studies in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).

Of 68 sexually mature female rhesus monkeys evaluated, 43 became pregnant with a yield of 30 live births. Severe protein deficiency was found to increase stillbirth rate; toxemia of pregnancy was seen in no monkey during this study.
Gaia and Her Microbiome

The Gaia hypothesis, proposed 50 years ago, posits that the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere interact as a cybernetic system, maintaining the long-term habitability of the planet. The resulting chemical composition of the atmosphere, oceans and crust is unique as compared to the other planets of our solar system, and due to the presence of life. Together these components comprise the biosphere, the life support system of the planet, with most of the essential processes carried out by microbes. Over a half of the elements in the periodic table are now known to have some biological role with many having complex biogeochemical cycles. The global microbiome inhabits a wide range of environments including deep into the Earth's crust, with a population of ∼1030 cells and more than a trillion species. Deep sequencing projects have revealed hitherto unknown phyla and 'microbial dark matter'. The discoveries of conductive pili and cable bacteria have demonstrated that microbes transfer electrons to and from external sources, sometimes over significant distances, while research on quorum sensing and the plethora of microbial volatile organic substances have provided new insights into how microbes communicate. These advances in microbiology have expanded our understanding how Gaia could actually work.
Architecture for improved mass transport and system performance in redox flow batteries

Abstract In this work, electrochemical performance and parasitic losses are combined in an overall system-level efficiency metric for a high performance, all-vanadium redox flow battery. It was found that pressure drop and parasitic pumping losses are relatively negligible for high performance cells, i.e., those capable of operating at a high current density while at a low flow rate. Through this finding, the Equal Path Length (EPL) flow field architecture was proposed and evaluated. This design has superior mass transport characteristics in comparison with the standard serpentine and interdigitated designs at the expense of increased pressure drop. An Aspect Ratio (AR) design is discussed and evaluated, which demonstrates decreased pressure drop compared to the EPL design, while maintaining similar electrochemical performance under most conditions. This AR design is capable of leading to improved system energy efficiency for flow batteries of all chemistries.
Tutorial 4A: Supply voltage noise and mitigation for real world SoCs

The past decade has seen a great deal of attention and effort focused on circuits, architectures and methodologies for energy-efficient and low power computing across a broad range of applications from ultra-low power devices to high-end servers. As designers continue to seek and evaluate low power technologies to enable the next generation of computing, the traditionally unheralded problem of voltage margin minimization has emerged to become one of the most significant sources of inefficiency and dissipation. Real-world integrated systems are margined, or guard-banded to address many sources of noise and variability including process, temperature, aging, and supply voltage noise and offsets. The trend toward multiple, fine-grained voltage domains, and aggressively voltage-scaled systems has exacerbated the problem. Voltage-margin minimization is a central component of modern low power design. Indeed, many recent low power efforts in the industry have moved beyond methodology and circuit design to address voltage margin minimization! In this tutorial, I propose a modern treatment of low-power design by actively managing supply-voltage variations. In contrast with text-book approaches, I examine a blend of well-established and emerging solutions that have proven to be effective in real-world constrained systems. The tutorial is organized in two parts. In the first, I begin by analyzing the main contributors toward voltage margins, including practical sources that are related to IC test and product deployment. A subsequent discussion on the major sources of voltage-margins is followed by an examination of a variety of circuit-architecture techniques used to directly and indirectly reduce voltage supply noise margins. High-density de-cap technology, active decap, supply-resonance avoidance, operation-throttling and adaptive clocking techniques to mitigate supply voltage noise. These techniques will be presented in the context of production designs and their constraints for a system-aware treatment of the subject. In the second section, I focus on Integrated Voltage Regulation (IVR) circuits. As designers grapple with more aggressive voltage scaling in the presence of supply variation, Integrated Voltage Regulation (IVR) has emerged as the key to achieving fine spatio-temporal control of SoC supply voltages. IVR has already been deployed for energy-efficient operation in high performance systems (Intel Haswell), and the trend to incorporate IVR to support finer voltage domains continues. We examine recent developments and challenges in the area of integrated voltage regulation across the three major voltage regulator technologies: switching-inductor converters, switched-capacitor converters, and low-dropout (linear) regulators. This tutorial provides an overview of low power circuit and architecture techniques with a system-level context. It is designed to be readily accessible to graduate students and practicing engineers alike, with a blend of well-established and emerging approaches to low power design.
Against Hyponarrating Grief: Incompatible Research and Treatment Interests in the DSM-5

The controversial debate on whether to remove the bereavement exclusion from the DSM’s depression criteria has mostly focused on whether depression and grief related distress are in fact distinct. Those who argue for the removal provided scientific evidence for the truth of this claim, while those argue against it suggested that the cited evidence base is slim. Despite heated controversy, the change took place. In this article, I use a different argument to address the problems with this change in the DSM-5. Even if we assume that there is no meaningful difference between the properties of grief-related distress and depression symptoms, diagnosing the grieving individual with depression is not the best therapeutic approach to address their needs.
Cytoplasmic dynein and its regulators in neocortical development and disease

Abstract A hallmark of mammalian evolution is the establishment of the cerebral neocortex, which allows for the extremely complex level of connectivity required for many higher order cognitive functions. Recently cytoplasmic dynein and its regulatory proteins, including Lis1 and Nde1, have been found to play a fundamental role in development of the neocortex. Human mutations in genes encoding cytoplasmic dynein or its regulatory factors are associated with a variety of malformations of cortical development such as lissencephaly and microcephaly. This chapter focuses on what is known about the role of cytoplasmic dynein during normal neocortical development, with an emphasis on studies in rodent models. The latter part of the chapter focuses on the neuropathology associated with human mutations in dynein-related genes that result in cortical malformations, with particular emphasis on recent work concerning NDE1-associated microcephaly.
Cultural differences in conflict resolution strategies: A US–Mexico comparison

Cross-cultural differences in norms, values, and beliefs abound and impact preferred conflict resolution strategies. Potential differences in values and subsequent conflict resolution strategies ca...
A Lattice Kinetic Monte Carlo Solver for First-Principles Microkinetic Trend Studies.

Mean-field microkinetic models in combination with Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi like scaling relations have proven highly successful in identifying catalyst materials with good or promising reactivity and selectivity. Analysis of the microkinetic model by means of lattice kinetic Monte Carlo promises a faithful description of a range of atomistic features involving short-range ordering of species in the vicinity of an active site. In this paper, we use the “fruit fly” example reaction of CO oxidation on fcc(111) transition and coinage metals to motivate and develop a lattice kinetic Monte Carlo solver suitable for the numerically challenging case of vastly disparate rate constants. As a result, we show that for the case of infinitely fast diffusion and absence of adsorbate-adsorbate interaction it is, in fact, possible to match the prediction of the mean-field-theory method and the lattice kinetic Monte Carlo method. As a corollary, we conclude that lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of surface chemical re...
High Strength Nanoscale Al/Al3Sc Multilayers formed by Interface Reaction

Polycrystalline Al/Sc multilayer samples are grown via magnetron sputtering. The deposition of Sc onto Al results in significant intermixing between the two components. Substrate curvature, measured in-situ during deposition, reveals behavior similar to that seen in other systems where a slow diffuser is deposited onto a fast diffuser. The multilayer films are further characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), analytical electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming the intermixing and formation of a coherent crystalline phase, likely to be Al3Sc, in the interfacial regions. Nanoindentation hardness tests show that by adding a few percent of Sc to Al films and carefully controlling the location of the Sc, increases in hardness up to 6 times that of a pure Al film can be obtained.
Studying process in a Title IV-E waiver evaluation project: Interviews with regional and executive managers

A Midwestern state’s child welfare agency contracted with a university to evaluate a 5-year Title IV-E Waiver Demonstration Project. As part of the process study, evaluators employed case study ana...
Effects of inhibition on naming in aging

Findings regarding the relation between naming and inhibition among older adults is limited. We posited inhibitory control is crucial for successful naming and tested its role in older adults by exaggerating its effects. Participants included 215 older adults aged 55-89 years, categorized as “good” or ”poor” namers, based on confrontation naming scores. Via a computerized speeded picture-naming test (SNT), we induced intrusions. We then determined the distance between the source for the intruding word and the current item. Performance on traditional neuropsychological tests of inhibition was also assessed. Results revealed that poorer namers had more intrusions on the SNT than better namers, and their intrusions lingered through more stimuli. This suggests that poorer namers experienced greater retrieval inhibition difficulties than better namers. Performance on neuropsychological tests of inhibition also discriminated between better and poorer namers. In conclusion, successful naming among older adults appears to rely heavily on maintaining inhibitory abilities.
Variable-Free Semantics for Negations with Prosodic Variation

In several recent publications (Suppes, 1976; Suppes and Macken, 1978) I have argued for a variable-free semantics of quantifiers, attributive adjectives, possessives, and intensifying adverbs. This work is a specialization of my earlier efforts at developing context-free fragments of natural language (1973a, 1973b, 1974). It is also part of my rejection of first-order logic as the appropriate instrument for the analysis of natural language, but I shall not digress here to state in any detail my views on this matter. The central idea is that the syntax of first-order logic is too far removed from that of any natural language, to use it in a sensitive analysis of the meaning of ordinary utterances.
Intersecting burdens: Homophobic victimization, unstable housing, and methamphetamine use in a cohort of men of color who have sex with men.

Abstract Background Men who have sex with men with histories of homophobic victimization bear heightened risk of unstable housing and methamphetamine use. However, it is unclear whether unstable housing explains the link between homophobic victimization and methamphetamine use in this group. The present study aims to test associations between homophobic victimization, unstable housing, and recent methamphetamine use across 24 months in a cohort of men of color who have sex with men (MoCSM). Methods Our analysis stems from data of 1342 person-visits from 401 MoCSM participating in an ongoing cohort study. We performed a lagged multilevel negative binominal regression to test the association between past homophobic victimization and recent unstable housing, and a lagged multilevel ordered logistic regression to test the association between past homophobic victimization recent methamphetamine use. We then performed a path analysis to test whether recent unstable housing mediates the association between past homophobic victimization and recent methamphetamine use. Results Findings showed homophobic victimization associated significantly with increased odds of unstable housing (IRR = 1.70, 95% CI [1.35, 2.14], p Conclusion Our findings suggest that homophobic victimization and unstable housing should be addressed alongside treatment and prevention of methamphetamine use in MoCSM.
Evidence of widespread metabolite abnormalities in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: assessment with whole-brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Previous neuroimaging studies have detected markers of neuroinflammation in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is suitable for measuring brain metabolites linked to inflammation, but has only been applied to discrete regions of interest in ME/CFS. We extended the MRS analysis of ME/CFS by capturing multi-voxel information across the entire brain. Additionally, we tested whether MRS-derived brain temperature is elevated in ME/CFS patients. Fifteen women with ME/CFS and 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls completed fatigue and mood symptom questionnaires and whole-brain echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI). Choline (CHO), myo-inositol (MI), lactate (LAC), and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) were quantified in 47 regions, expressed as ratios over creatine (CR), and compared between ME/CFS patients and controls using independent-samples t-tests. Brain temperature was similarly tested between groups. Significant between-group differences were detected in several regions, most notably elevated CHO/CR in the left anterior cingulate (p < 0.001). Metabolite ratios in seven regions were correlated with fatigue (p < 0.05). ME/CFS patients had increased temperature in the right insula, putamen, frontal cortex, thalamus, and the cerebellum (all p < 0.05), which was not attributable to increased body temperature or differences in cerebral perfusion. Brain temperature increases converged with elevated LAC/CR in the right insula, right thalamus, and cerebellum (all p < 0.05). We report metabolite and temperature abnormalities in ME/CFS patients in widely distributed regions. Our findings may indicate that ME/CFS involves neuroinflammation.
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 and Zika virus: tale of two reemerging viruses with neuropathological sequelae of public health concern

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Zika virus (ZIKV) have been considered neglected viruses of low public health concern until recently when incidences of HTLV-1 and ZIKV were observed to be linked to serious immune-related disease and neurological complications. This review will discuss the epidemiology, genomic evolution, virus-host interactions, virulence factors, neuropathological sequelae, and current perspectives of these reemerging viruses. There are no FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines against these viruses, and as such, it is important for clinical trials to focus on developing vaccines that can induce cell-mediated immune response to confer long-term protective immunity. Furthermore, attention should be paid to reducing the transmission of these viruses through unprotected sex, infected blood during sharing of contaminated needles, donated blood and organs, and vertical transmission from mother to baby via breastfeeding. There is an urgent need to re-evaluate repurposing current antiviral therapies as well as developing novel antiviral agents with enhanced efficacy due to the high morbidity rate associated with these two reemerging chronic viral diseases.
Live broadcast of transcatheter PDA closure in a 700 grams ELBW infant during the International PDA Symposium.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is to describe a live case transmission of transcatheter closure of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant during the first International PDA Symposium conducted in Memphis, Tennessee. SETTING A multidisciplinary team approach including audiovisual specialists, information technology specialists, physicians, nurses, and other health care specialists was required to perform the transcatheter PDA closure (TCPC) in an ELBW infant at LeBonheur Children's Hospital and the procedure was broadcast live to the attendees at the International PDA Symposium allowing for a two-way audiovisual discussion during the procedure. PATIENT The patient was a 14 days old 24-week premature ELBW infant, who weighed 700 g at the time of the procedure. The patient was requiring mechanical ventilation secondary to pulmonary hemorrhage. The PDA measured 4 mm in diameter and 12 mm in length. INTERVENTIONS TCPC was performed safely without any procedural complications using a specialized minimally invasive technique. OUTCOME MEASURES The patient was weaned off the ventilator in < 7 days after the procedure. The child was discharged 9 weeks after the procedure (35 weeks' corrected gestation) weighing 2.2 kg, on full oral feeds and no supplemental oxygen. RESULTS The successful TCPC allowed for this child to have an uneventful hospital course. The case also highlights the technical nuances involved in setting up the live transmission. CONCLUSIONS This case demonstrated to the audience in the International PDA Symposium the feasibility and safety of performing TCPC in an ELBW infant. Live cases are useful in exhibiting the nuances involved in any new technique and allows for best learning experience.
Evaluation of cover crop sensitivity to residual herbicides applied in the previous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] crop

In recent years, the use of cover crops has increased in U.S. crop production systems. An important aspect of successful cover crop establishment is the preceding crop and herbicide program, because some herbicides have the potential to persist in the soil for several months. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of cover crops to common residual herbicides used in soybean production. The same field experiment was conducted in 2016 in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Tennessee, and Wisconsin, and repeated in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Mississippi, and Missouri in 2017 to evaluate the potential of residual soybean herbicides to carryover and reduce cover crop establishment. Herbicides applied during the soybean growing season included acetochlor; acetochlor plus fomesafen; chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron; fomesafen; fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor; imazethapyr; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; S-metolachlor plus fomesafen; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor. Across all herbicide treatments, the sensitivity of cover crops to herbicide residues in the fall, from greatest to least, was forage radish = turnip > annual ryegrass = winter oat = triticale > cereal rye = Austrian winter pea = hairy vetch = wheat > crimson clover. Fomesafen (applied 21 and 42 days after planting [(DAP]); chlorimuron plus thifensulfuron and pyroxasulfone applied 42 DAP; sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor; and sulfentrazone plus S-metolachlor followed by fomesafen plus S-metolachlor followed by acetochlor caused the highest visual ground cover reduction to cover crop species at the fall rating. Study results indicate cover crops are most at risk when following herbicide applications in soybean containing certain active ingredients such as fomesafen, but overall there is a fairly low risk of cover crop injury from residual soybean herbicides applied in the previous soybean crop. Nomenclature: Acetochlor; chlorimuron; fomesafen; imazethapyr; pyroxasulfone; S-metolachlor; sulfentrazone; thifensulfuron; annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam.; Austrian winter pea, Pisum sativum L.; cereal rye, Secale cereal L.; crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.; hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth; turnip, Brassica campestris L.; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr; forage radish, Raphanus sativus L.; triticale, Triticosecale rimpaui; winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L; winter oat, Avena sativa L.
Characterizing the Visual Social Media Environment of Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are often exacerbated by exposure to triggering images on social media. Standard approaches to filtering of social media by detecting hashtags or keywords are difficult to keep accurate because those migrate or change over time. In this work we present proof-of-concept demonstrations to show that Deep Learning classification algorithms are effective at classifying images related to eating disorders. We discuss some of the challenges in this domain and show that careful curation of the training data improves performance substantially.
Enantioselective Synthesis of anti- and syn-Homopropargyl Alcohols via Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric Allenylboration Reactions.

The chiral BINOL-derived phosphate-catalyzed addition of chiral allenic boronates towards aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes provides access towards anti- (IV), (VI) and syn-homopropargyl alcohols (III) in good yields and high stereoselectivities, although aliphatic aldehydes provide the syn-homopropargylic alcohols (VII) in low diastereoselectivity.