cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Senior Medical Students Planning to Subspecialize in Child Psychiatry

Abstract Association of American Medical Colleges survey data and a discriminant analysis were used to differentiate senior medical students planning to specialize in general psychiatry from their counterparts planning to subspecialize in child psychiatry. Of the 17 independent variables selected for study, four demonstrated some predictive power: (a) having taken elective coursework or a clerkship in pediatrics or a related subspecialty, (b) having not attended a research-oriented medical school, (c) being a woman, and (d) having not attended a primary care-oriented medical school. All were associated with plans to subspecialize in child psychiatry. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry , 1988, 27, 4:404–407.
Backward, Forward, or Both? Moldovan Teachers' Relationship to the State and the Nation.

(2005). Backward, Forward, or Both?: Moldovan Teachers’ Relationship to the State and the Nation. European Education: Vol. 37, Integration and Identity: Implications for European Education: Part 1, pp. 53-67.
The Experimental Study of Achievement Motivation

This discussion of the research findings that are beginning to accumulate relating to achieve ment motivation—a matter of great moment to a profession that stresses the significance of motivation—w...
Impact of air intrusion on the wind uplift performance of fully bonded roofing assemblies

Abstract Wind performance investigation is critical in the design of durable roofing assemblies. In North America, mainly two types of low slope roofs, conventional and inverted, are in practice depending on the placement of the membrane in the assembly. As part of the conventional low-sloped roofs, in a fully bonded assembly (FBA) the insulation is mechanically attached and waterproof membrane is bonded to the insulation using adhesives. Recent field investigations of roof failures after major hurricanes indicated that FBA are susceptible to high wind events. To understand the response of the FBA under dynamic environment, an extensive experimental study has been carried out by the SIGDERS – Special Interest Group for Dynamic Evaluation of Roofing Systems , at the National Research Council. The present study focuses on the impact of air intrusion on wind uplift performance of these assemblies. Airflow control is usually achieved by including a barrier/retarder in the roofing assembly. Assembly with barrier improved the wind uplift rating by two fold when compared to an assembly without barrier. Use of staggered insulation arrangement can provide similar air retarding effect as a barrier and can therefore sustain similar wind uplift pressures compared to an assembly with barrier.
Large-x collider results of relevance to cosmic ray physics

Abstract A series of collider experiments at CERN has provided measurements of particles in the forward direction that possess a large fraction, x , of the incident beam momentum. The average value of x depends on the number of incident beam valence quarks contained in the outgoing particle. The limiting case of the outgoing proton with x ∼ 1, where all beam proton valence quarks are contained, is associated with the exchange of the Pomeron. New results on Pomeron exchange reactions shed light on its interactions at the parton level and on its partonic structure.
Failure of Bromocriptine, Dopamine, and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone to Affect Prolactin Secretion by Human Decidual Tissue in Vitro*

To determine whether the secretion of PRL by human decidual tissue in vitro is influenced by factors which inhibit or stimulate pituitary PRL secretion, explants of decidual tissue were incubated in media containing bromocriptine, dopamine, or TRH at concentrations known to affect pituitary PRL secretion in vitro. The quantities of PRL secreted by the explants exposed to these factors were compared with amounts secreted by explants incubated in control medium. Bromocriptine in concentrations ranging from 1.5 x 10-10 to 1.5 x 10-7 M did not inhibit PRL secretion over a 3-day period and dopamine in concentrations ranging from 5 X 10-5-10-9 M did not inhibit PRL secretion over a 4-h period. TRH in concentrations ranging from 10-9–10-3 M did not stimulate PRL secretion. These results suggest that the mechanism of PRL secretion by decidual tissue in vitro is different, at least in part, from the mechanism of pituitary PRL secretion.
The isothermal relaxation of the glassy state of 60% w/w ethylene glycol in water: a possible nucleation process below the glass transition

Abstract Calorimetric measurements with or without annealing around the glass transition were performed for the aqueous solution of 60% w/w ethylene glycol. Excess entropies and excess enthalpies were calculated as functions of annealing times and temperatures. The kinetics of the relaxation was analyzed and shows that relaxation does not reach completion over experimental time. Therefore, another phenomenon and the relaxation of the glassy state are overlapping. This phenomenon is assumed to be a nucleation process. The kinetics parameters are, however, determined under isothermal conditions in the range of annealing times and temperatures where the nucleation is still suppressed. Slower warming rates that allow crystal growth show increased crystallization with annealing time which supports the hypothesis of nucleus formation during annealing.
Isolation and characterization of an unsaturated fatty acid-binding protein from developing chick neural retina.

: An unsaturated fatty acid-binding protein has been isolated from the cytosol fraction of developing chick neural retina. It has a molecular weight of approximately 14,800 and specifically binds not only added radiolabeled arachidonic and oleic acids but has also been found to bind unsaturated fatty acids endogenously. This protein was detected in chick neural retina at all stages examined, from 8 to 16 days of development. It is also present in chick heart, brain, and retinal pigmented epithelium-choroid as well as in adult bovine neural retina. It is distinct from both cellular retinol-binding protein and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein on the bases of binding specificity and isoelectric point.
Money in Mesopotamia

Although contemporary preconceptions about what money is or is not sometimes evoke doubt about the existence of money in ancient Mesopotamia, it seems clear that it did exist. Money was substance oriented, and coins, when they finally appear are weighed like any other valuable metal. The most common money substances were barley as cheap money and silver as the more expensive, but other substances were also used. As to the forms or shapes in which money circulated, a number of words in the ancient languages can be identified that probably refer to these forms, but their specific appearance remains, in most cases, unknown.
FW2_5D: A MATLAB 2.5-D electrical resistivity modeling code

We present a 2.5-D forward modeling algorithm for electrical resistivity data. The algorithm incorporates a boundary condition and source singularity correction that greatly reduces the need to pad the model space. In addition, the algorithm includes an optimization method for estimating the appropriate Fourier coefficients to achieve an accurate 2.5-D approximation. The optimization scheme uses a gradient-based search to find the optimal coefficients. We compare results from our algorithm to two analytical solutions. We are able to achieve errors on the order 1% when compared to these models. We have implemented the algorithm as an open source MATLAB-based forward modeling package. The MATLAB code is useful for exploring subsurface current flow. It has been coded so that it can be easily ported to work with inversion routines. The code is computationally efficient and suitable for solving 2-D problems with a large number of model parameters.
Trapping noise in charge coupled devices

The interface trapping noise of surface channel charge coupled devices (SCCd's) is calculated numerically taking fully into account the non-stationary character of the charge transfer. The formula previously given for trapping noise takes into account only the emission of carriers from the traps. It is shown that the capture of carriers can also cause noise when the fat zeros are very small or the clock frequency is high. Detailed formulas for and evaluation of the capture and emission noise are presented, including the energy dependence of the interface state density. Das Grenzflachen-Anhaftrauschen von oberflachenkanalladungsgekoppelten Bauelementen (SCCD) wird numerisch unter vollstandiger Berucksichtigung des nichtstationaren Charakters des Ladungstransfers berechnet. Die fruher angegebenen Formeln fur Anhaftrauschen berucksichtigen nur die Emission von Tragern aus den Haftstellen. Es wird gezeigt, das der Einfang der Trager ebenfalls Rauschen hervorrufen kann, wenn die „fat zeros” sehr klein oder die Taktfrequenz sehr hoch sind. Ausfuhrliche Formeln und die Berechnung des Einfangs- und Emissionsrauschens werden angegeben, einschlieslich der Energieabhangigkeit der Grenzflachenzustandsdichte.
Family Transmission of Work Affectivity and Experiences to Children.

Abstract Theory and research suggest that children develop orientations toward work appreciably influenced by their family members’ own expressed work experiences and emotions. Cross-sectional data from 100 children (53 girls, 47 boys; mean age = 11.1 years) and structural equation modeling were used to assess measures of work affectivity and experiences and to test hypotheses suggesting that family work experiences and emotions influence the orientations children develop toward work and how they in turn influence children’s work and school motivation. Results indicated that the family setting influences children’s perceptions of and future orientation toward the world of work through adults’ expression of positive work experiences, negative work affect, and negative work experiences. Furthermore, children’s work and school motivations appear to be principally influenced by indicators of favorable work affect and experiences. Implications and suggestions for future research are offered that cast the family as an important core setting for children’s vocational development.
SNR and functional sensitivity of BOLD and perfusion-based fMRI using arterial spin labeling with spiral SENSE at 3 T

Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using parallel imaging to reduce the readout window have reported a loss in temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is less than would be expected given a purely thermal noise model. In this study, the impact of parallel imaging on the noise components and functional sensitivity of both BOLD and perfusion-based fMRI data was investigated. Dual-echo arterial spin labeling data were acquired on five subjects using sensitivity encoding (SENSE), at reduction factors (R) of 1, 2 and 3. Direct recording of cardiac and respiratory activity during data acquisition enabled the retrospective removal of physiological noise. The temporal SNR of the perfusion time series closely followed the thermal noise prediction of a √R loss in SNR as the readout window was shortened, with temporal SNR values (relative to the R=1 data) of 0.72 and 0.56 for the R=2 and R=3 data, respectively, after accounting for physiological noise. However, the BOLD temporal SNR decreased more slowly than predicted even after accounting for physiological noise, with relative temporal SNR values of 0.80 and 0.63 for the R=2 and R=3 data, respectively. Spectral analysis revealed that the BOLD trends were dominated by low-frequency fluctuations, which were not dominant in the perfusion data due to signal processing differences. The functional sensitivity, assessed using mean F values over activated regions of interest (ROIs), followed the temporal SNR trends for the BOLD data. However, results for the perfusion data were more dependent on the threshold used for ROI selection, most likely due to the inherently low SNR of functional perfusion data.
Carbon-sulfur bond cleavage in Bis(N-alkyldithiocarbamato)cadmium(II) complexes: heterolytic desulfurization coupled to topochemical proton transfer.

Three bis(N-alkyldithiocarbamato)cadmium(II) complexes [Cd(S2CNHR)2] (1, R = n-C3H7; 2, R = n-C5H11; 3, n-C12H25) were prepared by metathesis of the corresponding lithium salt, Li[S2CNHR], with cadmium chloride. The crystal structures of 2 and 3 consist of planar molecular units of [Cd(S2CNHR)2] connected by intermolecular Cd···S interactions to give a one-dimensional chain. The chains are connected by a network of intermolecular N−H···S hydrogen bonds between the dithiocarbamato nitrogen atom and bridging sulfur atoms in neighboring chains. In solution, the 113Cd NMR spectrum of 2 is dependent on concentration and temperature, indicative of a dimerization equilibrium mediated by similar Cd···S intermolecular bridging interactions. In the solid state, thermal gravimetric analyses show that all three complexes decompose smoothly via a heterolytic C−S bond cleavage reaction to give the corresponding alkyl isothiocyanate and cadmium sulfide as the primary products, with the formation of primary amine and CS2...
Reexamination of the bromophenols in the red alga Rhodomela larix

Abstract A reinvestigation of the red alga Rhodomela larix gave dipotassium 2,3-dibromo-5-hydroxy-benzyl-1′,4-disulfate and 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzy] methyl ether. Aqueous hydrolysis of the salt yielded 2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol. Simple phenols reported in algae are probably artifacts of the isolation procedure.
Gamma interferon interferes with the negative regulation of macrophage activation by prostaglandin E2

Activation of mouse macrophages for tumor cell killing is negatively regulated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The effect of this hormone is to shut off cytolytic activity that is expressed as a consequence of activation. A lymphokine in the culture supernates of concanavalin A stimulated spleen cells has been shown to change the sensitivity of activated macrophages to the negative regulatory effects of PGE2, thereby maintaining activation, as manifested by the continued expression of tumor cell killing by these cells. Using a highly specific polyclonal antiserum and gamma interferon produced either by a T-cell hybridoma or by recombinant DNA technology we show here that one lymphokine responsible for mediating the maintenance effect is gamma interferon.
Estimates of sea surface height and near‐surface alongshore coastal currents from combinations of altimeters and tide gauges

[1] Present methods used to retrieve altimeter data do not provide reliable estimates of sea surface height (SSH) in the nearshore region, resulting in a measurement gap of 25–50 km next to the coast. In the present work, gridded SSH fields produced by Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO) in the offshore region are combined with coastal tide gauge time series of SSH to improve estimation in that gap along the west coast of the United States in the northern California Current System between 40 and 45N and 123.8 and 126W. To assess the increase in skill provided by this procedure, the geostrophic alongshore currents, calculated from the new SSH fields in the gap region, are compared to three in situ, nearshore current measurements, resulting in correlation coefficients of 0.73–0.83 and standard deviations of the differences of 11.6–12.6 cm/s, substantially improved from the AVISO-only results. When the Ekman current components are estimated and added to the geostrophic currents, comparisons to the 10 m deep acoustic Doppler current profiler velocities are only slightly improved. The Ekman components make a more significant contribution when compared to HF radar surface current measurements, providing correlations of 0.94 and standard deviations of the differences of 6.4–9.5 cm/s. These results represent a dramatic improvement in the quality of the SSH fields and estimated alongshore currents when additional, realistic SSH data from the coastal region are added. Here we use coastal tide gauges to provide the additional SSH data but also discuss more general approaches for altimeter SSH retrievals in coastal regions where tide gauge data are not available.
Photonic crystal lasers with quantum dots active regions and their temperature dependence

Optically-pumped photonic crystal cavities with InAs quantum dots active regions lase near 1310 nm at room temperature. Absorbed threshold pump powers as low as 25 /spl mu/m, and a T/sub 0/ value of 17 K are obtained.
Playa: High-performance programmable linear algebra

This paper introduces Playa, a high-level user interface layer for composing algorithms for complex multiphysics problems out of objects from other Trilinos packages. Among other features, Playa provides very high-performance overloaded operators implemented through an expression template mechanism. In this paper, we give an overview of the central Playa objects from a user's perspective, show application to a sequence of increasingly complex solver algorithms, provide timing results for Playa's overloaded operators and other functions, and briefly survey some of the implementation issues involved.
Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy: An Institution's 35 Year Perspective on Practice and Research.

Introduction: Injury is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and as much as 40% of injury-related mortality is attributed to uncontrollable hemorrhage. This persists despite establishment of regionalized trauma systems and advances in the management of severely injured patients. Trauma-induced coagulopathy has been identified as the most common preventable cause of postinjury mortality. Methods: A review of the current literature was performed by collecting PUBMED references related to trauma-induced coagulopathy. Data were then critically analyzed and summarized based on the authors’ clinical and research perspective, as well as that reported by other institutions and researchers interested in trauma-induced coagulopathy. A particular focus was placed on those aspects of coagulopathy in which agreement among clinical and basic scientists is currently lacking; these include, pathophysiology, the role of blood components and factor therapy, and goal-directed assessment and management. Results: Trauma-induced coagulopathy has been recognized in approximately one-third of trauma patients. There is a vast range of severity, and the emergence of viscoelastic assays, such as thrombelastography and rotational thromboelastogram, has refined its diagnosis and management, particularly through the establishment of goal-directed massive transfusion protocols. Despite advancements in the diagnosis and management of trauma-induced coagulopathy, much remains to be understood regarding its pathophysiology. The cell-based model of hemostasis has allowed for characterization of endothelial dysfunction, impaired thrombin generation, platelet dysfunction, fibrinolysis, endogenous anticoagulants such as protein-C, and antifibrinolytic proteins. These concepts
Ethical, legal and professional issues in family therapy: a graduate level course.

This paper reports on the curricular components of a course entitled “Ethical, Legal and Professional Issues in Family Therapy.” To aid in replication and assessment, selected teaching strategies are also presented.
Defining Lives: Occupation as Identity: An Essay on Competence, Coherence, and the Creation of Meaning

This article presents a view of occupation as the principal means through which people develop and express their personal identities. Based on a review of theory and research, it proposes that identity is instrumental to social life because it provides a context for deriving meaning from daily experiences and interpreting lives over time. The article proposes that identity also provides a framework for goal-setting and motivation. It is asserted that competence in the performance of tasks and occupations contributes to identity-shaping and that the realization of an acceptable identity contributes to coherence and well-being. Within this framework, it is postulated that performance limitations and disfigurement that sometimes result from illness or injury have identity implications that should be recognized by occupational therapy practitioners. By virtue of their expertise in daily living skills, occupational therapy practitioners are well positioned to help address the identity challenges of those whom they serve. In so doing, they make an important contribution to meaning and well-being.
GSR Sock: A New e-Textile Sensor Prototype

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is a measure of skin conductivity that has been extensively linked to emotional stress and activation. Emotional reactions often cause increased sweat gland activity in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, making skin more conductive in these areas. This paper presents a novel e-textile prototype for measuring GSR from the foot using conductive fabric electrodes embedded in a standard sock. The prototype was tested using both a standard psycho-physiological monitoring system and a wearable sensing unit. The results show that the sock prototype provides a meaningful measure of GSR activity that can be used unobtrusively in daily monitoring.
Using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) within a Geographic Information System to Detect Swimming Pools for Mosquito Abatement: A Practical Approach

Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people worldwide. In the United States, since 1999, West Nile Virus (WNV) has infected 36,801 people and has caused the deaths of 1,580. In California, since 2002, nearly 3,600 people have been infected with WNV with an additional 124 fatalities. Analyses of remotely- and spatially-based data have proven to facilitate the study of mosquito-borne diseases, including WNV. This study proposes an efficient procedure to identify swimming pools that may serve as potential mosquito habitat. The procedure derives the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) from high resolution, multi-spectral imagery to detect the presence of surface water, and then incorporates vector-based data layers within a GIS to identify residential land parcels with detectable water. This study compared the parcels identified as having water (535) with parcels known to have swimming pools (682) resulting in an accuracy of 78.4%. Nineteen of the 147 land parcels with swimming pools had backyards with enough vegetation to obscure the presence of a swimming pool from the satellite. The remaining 128 parcels lacked enough surface water for the NDWI to indicate them as actually having surface water. It is likely then that swimming pools, associated with such parcels, may have enough water in them to provide adequate habitat for mosquitoes, and so field inspection by mosquito abatement personnel would be justified.
Sanpete-Sevier Valley Anticline of Central Utah

Synthesis of the work of many geologists has revealed the nature and history of a very large anticline under two large structural depressions, the Sanpete Valley and the Sevier Valley in central Utah. This anticline is 65–70 miles long and has a structural relief of possibly 15,000–20,000 feet. It is east of and parallel to the eastern limit of mid-Cretaceous folding in Utah and is in the midst of the northern High Plateaus of Utah. The fold had its inception no later than the early Laramide orogeny and was probably initiated by compression. Subsequently, however, the highly mobile Arapien Shale of Jurassic age flowed toward the axial area because of renewed compression as well as geostatic pressure. As a result, the relatively very incompetent Arapien has been topographically high almost constantly or very frequently exposed since its exposure following the early Laramide orogeny. As a further result, all of the stratigraphic units, with possibly one exception, deposited in the area since the early Laramide orogeny are known to overlap the Arapien core, and many locally dip away from it. The Redmond Hills anticline is a somewhat similar but smaller structure and has been inferred to have a comparable origin and history. Some of the unconformities in the immediate vicinity of Sanpete and Sevier valleys, which were previously interpreted as indicators of compression, may more correctly reflect the upwelling of the Arapien Shale and the attendant tilting of the overlapping strata.
Quantum integrability and exact eigenstates of the collective string field theory

Abstract The quantum w∞ algebra associated with the collective string theory is used to construct exact discrete eigenstates of the cubic hamiltonian. Imaginary-eigenvalued creation/annihilation operators are constructed which build a F ⊗ F - graded algebra . Real-eigenvalued operators are formally obtained as combinations of discrete eigenvalued ones and vice versa.
Performance of DFT in modeling electronic and structural properties of cobalamins

Computational modeling of the enzymatic activity of B12-dependent enzymes requires a detailed understanding of the factors that influence the strength of the CoC bond and the limits associated with a particular level of theory. To address this issue, a systematic analysis of the electronic and structural properties of coenzyme B12 models has been performed to establish the performance of three different functionals including B3LYP, BP86, and revPBE. In particular the cobalt–carbon bond dissociation energies, axial bond lengths, and selected stretching frequencies have been analyzed in detail. Current analysis shows that widely used B3LYP functional significantly underestimates the strength of the CoC bond while the nonhybrid BP86 functional produces very consistent results in comparison to experimental data. To explain such different performance of these functionals molecular orbital analysis associated with axial bonds has been performed to show differences in axial bonding provided by hybrid and nonhybrid functionals. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1429–1437, 2006
A Case Study: Factors to Consider When Doing 1:1 Crisis Counseling With Local First Responders With Dual Trauma After Hurricane Katrina

This article focuses on local first responders dealing with dual trauma (the collective experience of having both occupational exposure as first responders/rescuers of their families, friends, and neighbors after Hurricane Katrina as well as personal exposure as citizens of the same [or neighboring] communities, whose lives have been interrupted by Hurricane Katrina). The focus of this article is on 5 revised factors to be used with local first responders with dual trauma. The 5 revised factors (personal factors, predisposing factors, peridisposing factors, postdisposing factors, and protective factors) were used to assess and gather information while doing 1:1 crisis counseling with local first responders with dual trauma.Acasestudyispresentedtoillustratehowthese5revisedfactorswereusedtogather informationandtoassesswhiledoing1:1crisiscounselinginNewOrleanswithonelocalfirst responder with dual trauma. [Brief Treatment and Crisis Intervention 7:91–101 (2007)]
Metabolomic profiling for biomarker discovery in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with 4% survival 5 years after diagnosis. Patients with pancreatic cancer are usually diagnosed at late stages, when the disease is incurable. Sensitive and more specific biomarkers are thus critical for supporting new prevention, diagnostic or therapeutic strategies. Here, we report mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling of human pancreatic tumor and normal tissue. Multivariate data analysis shows significant alterations in the profiles of the tumor metabolome as compared to the normal. These findings offer an information-rich matrix for discovering novel biomarkers with potential for diagnostic or prognostic purposes.
Numerical consequences of computing structural formulas

Abstract The six steps involved in transforming oxide weight percentages to coefficients of a structural formula are a series of column type transformations and a row transformation that have the effect of reclosing the oxide weight percentage data. Statistical properties of the coefficients of the structural formula (such as means, coefficients of variation and correlation coefficients) are controlled by the properties of the oxide weight percentages. Care is necessary when comparing the properties of the oxide weight percentages with those of the coefficients of the structural formulas. In no way does the conversion to structural formula eliminate the effects that closure has on the properties of the original weight percentages and, in fact, the transformation actually compounds the effect.
Monoclonal antibody productivity and the metabolic pattern of perfusion cultures under varying oxygen tensions.

The metabolic pattern and cell culture kinetics of high-cell-density perfusion cultures were compared under two different oxygen transfer conditions: oxygen limiting and not limiting. When oxygen was a limiting factor during perfusion culture, both specific glucose uptake and lactate production rates increased, compared to non-oxygen-limited condition, by about 60% and 30%, respectively. The specific glutamine uptake rate under oxygen-limited conditions was almost 4.0 times higher than that under non-oxygen-limited conditions. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the medium by the dead cells can be used as an indicator for the metabolic and physiological conditions related to oxygen limitation. There was a 3.2 times higher specific rate of LDH activity released by dead cells in oxygen-limited cultures than those in non-oxygen-limited cultures. The specific production rate of monoclonal antibody was not significantly affected by the oxygen transfer conditions during the rapid cell growth period, but it rapidly increased toward the end of perfusion cultures. The higher perfusion rate may have limited further cell growth during high-cell-density perfusion culture, because cell damage was caused by the hydrodynamic shear within a hollow fiber microfiltration cartridge installed to withdraw the spent medium and the waste metabolites. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
AAC and Communication in the Workplace

Abstract Communication in the workplace holds many challenges for persons with complex communication needs. A better understanding of workplace communication, and the use of evidence-based strategi...
Cardiac anaphylaxis. Complement activation as an amplification system.

Complement is activated, and C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins are generated during hypersensitivity reactions clinically associated with cardiopulmonary collapse. The administration of C3a or C5a to nonsensitized isolated guinea pig hearts mimics the events caused by antigen challenge of sensitized hearts (i.e., cardiac anaphylaxis) in the absence of complement. Thus, complement-derived anaphylatoxins may participate in immediate hypersensitivity reactions in which the heart is a target organ. To assess the contribution of complement activation and anaphylatoxin generation to cardiac dysfunction, we have elicited anaphylaxis in isolated guinea pig hearts in the presence of complement and found that the ensuing dysfunction is markedly enhanced. This amplification is most likely attributable to anaphylatoxin formation because 1) inactivation of C3 or selective C3 depletion, i.e., the loss of the component responsible for the formation of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, prevents complement-induced exacerbation of cardiac anaphylaxis, whereas reconstitution with C3 and C5, or even only C3, restores it; in fact, the greater the C3 content at the time of antigen challenge, the more intense the anaphylactic crisis; and 2) the severity of cardiac anaphylaxis is markedly reduced by preexposure to C3a, and this reduction is directly related to the dose of C3a injected and to the amount of endogenous cardiac histamine depleted by C3a before antigen challenge. Complement-derived anaphylatoxins appear to promote the same mediator release that has been initiated by the antigen-antibody reaction; thus, complement activation functions as an amplification system in cardiac anaphylaxis.
A hardware cache coherency scheme for multiprocessors

In this paper, we discuss a hardware cache coherency scheme for shared memory multiprocessors. The scheme consists of a cache coherency protocol and a hardware scheme for cache coherency. Use of the scheme allows one to split cache coherency operations between the participating processors. Protocol states and operations are discussed. A cache controller architecture is proposed for this protocol and its design details are discussed. Performance of the coherency scheme is also discussed. >
An Online Platform for Web APIs and Service Mashups

On the newly programmable Web, mashups are flourishing. Designers create mashups by combining components of existing Web sites and applications. Although rapid mashup proliferation offers many opportunities, a lack of standarization and compatibility offers considerable challenges. IBM Sharable Code is an online service platform for developing and sharing situational Web 2.0 applications and mashups. The platform is based on an innovative domain-specific language that streamlines and standardizes the development and deployment of applications consuming and exposing Web APIs. Parts of the DSL and the resulting applications and mashups can be shared and reused by members of the IBM Sharable Code community. In this article, the authors offer an overview of the platform's architecture and the DSL language at its core.
"That never would have occurred to me": a qualitative study of medical students' views of a cultural competence curriculum

Background: The evidence is mixed regarding the efficacy of cultural competence curricula in developing learners' knowledge, attitudes and skills. More research is needed to better understand both the strengths and shortcomings of existing curricula from the perspective of learners in order to improve training. Methods: We conducted three focus groups with medical students in their first year of clinical training to assess their perceptions of the cultural competence curriculum at a public university school of medicine. Results: Students evaluated the informal curriculum as a more important source of learning about cultural competence than the formal curriculum. In terms of bias in both self and others, the cultural competence curriculum increased awareness, but was less effective in teaching specific interventional skills. Students also noted that the cultural competence curriculum did not always sufficiently help them find a balance between group-specific knowledge and respect for individual differences. Despite some concerns as to whether political correctness characterized the cultural competence curriculum, it was also seen as a way to rehumanize the medical education experience. Conclusion: Future research needs to pay attention to issues such as perceived relevance, stereotyping, and political correctness in developing cross-cultural training programs.
Outcomes of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in pediatric patients with primary hyperparathyroidism owing to parathyroid adenoma: A single institution experience.

Abstract Background Guidelines for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in young patients recommend surgery. Outcomes of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) are well established in adults, but not in pediatric patients. Objective The objective of the study is to determine effectiveness of preoperative imaging and MIP aided by intraoperative PTH (ioPTH) measurement in children with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Methods and design This is a retrospective chart review of diagnostic and follow-up data up to 12months post-MIP of patients with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia between January 1, 2009 and March 31, 2015. Results Data were available for 16 of 17 patients age 8–17years (11 females, 6 males): 2 had ectopic intrathymic adenomas while 14 had eutopic adenomas. Fifteen patients had ioPTH, including 14 who underwent MIP, defined as a 2cm central neck incision. All patients with data at 6months postparathyroidectomy (13/16) showed normal PTH and calcium. Ultrasound and sestamibi scans had a combined sensitivity of 87.5%. Conclusions MIP is an appropriate alternative to standard neck exploration in pediatric patients with PHPT with a single parathyroid adenoma. ioPTH is especially useful to confirm cure and limit surgical exploration when imaging studies are negative. Sestamibi scans and ultrasound are complementary studies.
The Engineering Computer Revolution—Over or Just Beginning

It seems that engineers always talk about computers in terms of revolution. True, the computer has made possible a new era of engineering mathematics and engineering efficiency. This era is just beginning, as the latest results of 20 yr of engineering research—in universities and high-technology industries—begin to spread throughout engineering practice. The computer has not replaced the engineer. The fact is worth noting simply because it had been predicted from time to time that the computer would do so. As a matter of fact, the failure of the computer to become an engineer has taught us something about engineering. It has helped us see just where the creative process called engineering judgement occurs.
Hyperinsulinism Hyperammonemia Syndrome, a Rare Clinical Constellation:

We present the unique case of adult hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome (HI/HA). This condition is rarely seen in children and even more infrequently in adults. A 27-year-old female with HI/HA, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, staring spells, and gastroesophageal reflux disease presented with diffuse abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, confusion, and sweating. She reported a history of significant nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which had been present intermittently over the past year. On examination, she was found to have a soft, nontender, and mildly distended abdomen without splenomegaly or masses. She had a normal blood pressure and was tachycardic (130 bpm). Her initial complete blood count and basic metabolic panel, excluding glucose, were within normal limits. She was found to have an elevated peripherally drawn venous ammonia (171 mmol/L) and near hypoglycemia (blood glucose 61 mg/dL), which were drawn given her history of HI/HA. She was continued on home carglumic acid and diazoxide, glucose was supplemented intravenously, and she was started on levetiracetam for seizure prophylaxis. An upper endoscopy (esophagogastroduodenoscopy [EGD]) was performed and was unremarkable, and biopsies taken were within normal limits. Following the EGD, she underwent a gastric emptying study that showed delayed emptying (216 minutes), consistent with a new diagnosis of gastroparesis, the likely etiology of her initial abdominal pain on presentation. This was subsequently treated with azithromycin oral solution. We present this case to raise awareness of this rarely encountered syndrome and to provide the basic principles of treatment.
A novel two-axis micromechanical scanning transducer for handheld 3D ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging

This paper reports the development of a new two-axis micromechanical scanning transducer for handheld 3D ultrasound imaging. It consists of a miniaturized single-element ultrasound transducer driven by a unique 2-axis liquid-immersible electromagnetic microactuator. With a mechanical scanning frequency of 19.532 Hz and an ultrasound pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz, the scanning transducer was scanned along 60 concentric paths with 256 detection points on each to simulate a physical 2D ultrasound transducer array of 60 × 256 elements. Using the scanning transducer, 3D pulse-echo ultrasound imaging of two silicon discs immersed in water as the imaging target was successfully conducted. The lateral resolution of the 3D ultrasound image was further improved with the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). The new two-axis micromechanical scanning transducer doesn’t require complex and expensive multi-channel data acquisition (DAQ) electronics. Therefore, it could provide a new approach to achieve compact and low-cost 3D ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging systems, especially for handheld operations.
Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination Reactions of trans-[Ir(PPh3)2(CO)(NC4H4)] and trans,cis-[Ir(PPh3)2(H)2(CO)(NC4H4)], Including N−H Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination of Pyrrole

The complex trans-(PPh3)2(CO)Ir(NC4H4) (1) has been synthesized and is an analogue of metal−aryl complexes, but with a nitrogen of the heteroaromatic group covalently bonded to the transition metal. Compound 1 readily undergoes initial reaction with a variety of substrates at the metal center rather than at the pyrrolyl nitrogen, allowing for the study of reactions between the pyrrolyl group and accompanying covalent ligands. These reactions ultimately produce N-substituted pyrroles, X-NC4H4 (X = C(O)CH3, C(O)C6H4CH3, H, SnMe3, SiMe3, SiEt3, Bcat). Compound 1 undergoes oxidative addition of H2 to form the stable Ir(III) product (PPh3)2(CO)Ir(H)2(NC4H4) (2). When pure 2 is heated, it undergoes simple elimination of H2 to regenerate 1; however, if 2 is heated for longer times under H2 in the presence of PPh3, it undergoes reductive elimination of pyrrole and forms (PPh3)3(CO)Ir(H). Qualitative analysis of the mechanism of this reaction suggests that it occurs by either direct reductive elimination from the ...
ENCITE: A model to help Voluntary Organisations use ICT effectively

Local Voluntary Organisations (LVOs) play an important role in Irish society. LVOs can be based on community, political, sporting, recreational or civil needs. These organisations facilitate information dispersion, social interaction, employment creation and service provision in communities. However, many of these LVOs are struggling to exist and maintain their role in Irish society; one of the primary reasons for this problem is their reluctance to embrace and use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) effectively. Voluntary organisations need help to identify a role for ICT and to subsequently design and develop technical solutions. The ENCITE model will facilitate Irish LVOs to plan and design applications that will support their operation and empower their members.
The Chromatography of Hemins from Normal and Abnormal Human Erythrocytes

1. Erythrocyte hemins, extracted with acid-acetone, exhibited multiple components on two chromatographic systems. However, this heterogeneity can be explained by various physicochemical properties of hemin in solution and does not imply that heme, when attached to globin in the native hemoglobin molecule, is heterogeneous. 2. The presence of a non-polar fraction may be accounted for by esterification of protohemin as a result of reaction with small amounts of methanol contaminating the acetone and/or the presence of some un-ionized protohemin molecule in solutions of low pH. 3. The presence of poorly soluble fractions is probably the result of polymerization of the hydroxyhemin molecule into so-called β- and γ-hematins. 4. The formation of mesohemin is considered unlikely, but the formation of deuterohemin or hematohemin cannot be excluded. 5. No changes in hemin chromatographic patterns were noted in disease. 6. It is necessary to evaluate reports concerning chromatographic hemin heterogeneity in the light of the artifacts described above before attributing physiologic or pathogenetic significance to the findings.
Rethinking Corporate Human Rights Accountability

The standard account of corporate human rights accountability assumes that corporate entities, rather than individual corporate officers or employees, are the optimal targets of regulatory litigation. This assumption has led human rights advocates to despair over recent court decisions that make it increasingly difficult to bring suit against corporations for human rights violations. In light of these decisions (and similar barriers to suits against corporate entities in some other jurisdictions around the world), human rights advocates find themselves at a crossroads. Will litigants focus on new legal theories or on bringing their claims in new fora that offer better chances for prosecuting claims directly against corporate entities? Or, will they instead, or in addition, pursue claims against individual corporate agents?While the standard account would suggest the former, that answer may be neither realistic nor correct. In fact, the arguments underlying the conclusion that institutional liability is essential were developed outside of the human rights context. To be sure, many of the same goals that underlie human rights litigation also underlie the traditional, domestic corporate litigation context in which these arguments originated. Yet, a more complex set of motivations are involved in the project of holding multinational corporations accountable for their complicity in human rights violations. Failing to consider the nontraditional goals that underlie human rights litigation leads to an incomplete account regarding the importance of different forms of liability in this context.This Article develops a typology of goals underlying corporate human rights litigation and then “matches” these goals to the benefits and drawbacks of individual versus institutional liability. It concludes that there are significant benefits to naming individual corporate actors as defendants that have been largely overlooked. Far from being the disaster that it has been depicted to be, litigation targeting individual corporate actors has great potential to benefit victims and to serve as an important addition to the regulatory tool kit.
PIN number-based authentication leveraging physical vibration: poster

In this work, we propose the first PIN number based authentication system, which can be deployed on ubiquitous surfaces, leveraging physical vibration signals. The proposed system aims to integrate PIN number, behavioral and physiological characteristics together to provide enhanced security. Different from the existing password-based approaches, the proposed system builds upon a touch sensing technique using vibration signals that can operate on any solid surface. In this poster, we explore the feasibility of using vibration signals for ubiquitous user authentication and develop algorithms that identify fine-grained finger inputs with different password secrets (e.g., PIN sequences). We build a prototype using a vibration transceiver that can be attached to any surface (e.g., a door or a desk) easily. Our experiments in office environments with multiple users demonstrate that we can achieve high authentication accuracy with a low false negative rate.
Modeling, construction and experimental validation of actuated rolling dynamics of the cylindrical Transforming Roving-Rolling Explorer (TRREx)

Abstract Planetary surface exploration technology over the past few years has seen significant advancements on multiple fronts. Robotic exploration platforms are becoming more sophisticated and capable of embarking on more challenging missions. More unconventional designs, particularly transforming architectures that have multiple modes of locomotion, are being studied. This work explores the capabilities of one such novel transforming rover called the Transforming Roving-Rolling Explorer (TRREx). Biologically inspired by the armadillo and the golden-wheel spider, the TRREx has two modes of locomotion: it can traverse on six wheels like a conventional rover on benign terrain, but can transform into a sphere when necessary to negotiate steep rugged slopes. The ability to self-propel in the spherical configuration, even in the absence of a negative gradient, increases the TRREx's versatility and its concept value. This paper describes construction and testing of a prototype cylindrical TRREx that demonstrates that “actuated rolling” can be achieved, and also presents a dynamic model of this prototype version of the TRREx that can be used to investigate the feasibility and value of such self-propelled locomotion. Finally, we present results that validate our dynamic model by comparing results from computer simulations made using the dynamic model to experimental results acquired from test runs using the prototype.