cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping Stamp Sand Dynamics: Gay, Michigan

Abstract Monitoring coastal change is vital because a high percentage of the world's population lives in close proximity to coastal areas. This paper examines a portion of Lake Superior's shoreline where coastal landscape has been shaped by the introduction of 25 billion kg of stamp sand from the copper industry and subsequent dynamics associated with longshore currents. Shoreline areal change from this movement is documented through comparison of archival and current air photos. A series of historical air photo mosaics were processed with a Geographic Information System (GIS). Sets of spatially registered, temporal map polygons were developed to illustrate and allow measurement of the areas of erosion and deposition, relevant to shoreline planning and measurement. Measurements indicate that the length of shoreline affected by the stamp sand increased by 2.4 km during a 59-year period. Measurements of area indicate a decrease of 8 ha in the same amount of time. Breadth of the stamp sand shows discernable decline of 630 m width at the original deposit area at the north near Gay, Michigan, and increase of 410 m width 1,500 m southward along the coast. The methodology and results are relevant to a diversity of linear and areal landscape considerations along shorelines (property rights, planning, conservation, etc.).
Use of Passive-Diffusion Bag Samplers to Profile Low-Level Trichloroethene Concentrations in Ground-Water Extraction Wells

Using passive-diffusion bag (PDB) samplers as a ground-water monitoring technique has become more popular in recent years as various laboratory and field studies have shown acceptable data-quality objectives (DQOs) can be achieved through their use. The PDB sampler is deployed in an aqueous environment (e.g., well or borehole), where passive diffusion through the semi-permeable membrane of the sampler enables the water quality in the sampler, which is typically filled with deionized water, to equilibrate with that in the surrounding aqueous environment (Harter and Talozi, 2004). The type of membrane determines which solutes are able to pass into the sampler medium. Ehlke and others (2004) and Harter and Talozi (2004) discuss sampler membrane types and factors that affect their use. To obtain representative samples with PDB samplers, ground water must be able to flow through the well screen in sufficient volume to permit solute equilibration in the sampler medium during the sampler deployment period. After initial equilibration is achieved, sampler medium and ambient ground water should maintain equilibrium. However, because this constant re-equilibration process is not instantaneous, the sampler medium represents a time-averaged solute concentration of ground water during the preceding days (depending on the rate of equilibration) (Ehlke et al., 2004). The rate at which the medium within the PDB sampler equilibrates with ambient ground water depends on multiple factors, including the type of compound being sampled, ground-water temperature, contaminant distribution, and ground-water flow dynamics (Vroblesky, 2001). Various compounds more easily diffuse into the sampler medium simply because the molecular sizes of the compounds are smaller than the pore size of the PDB-sampler membrane. Vroblesky (2001) presents a list of volatile organic compounds of environmental interest that have shown effective and ineffective equilibration between the PDB-sampler medium and ambient water under laboratory conditions. As presented in Vroblesky (2001), …
Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental conditions in controlled‐environment studies

Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental conditions in plant growth chambers are presented in tabular form. These guidelines are recommended by the North Central Region (NCR-101) Technical Committee on Growth Chamber Use, a committee formed under the Cooperative Research Program of the State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Recommendations on location and frequency of measurements as well as suggested format and units of measurement are listed for each environmental parameter. The adoption of these standardized guidelines should greatly improve the uniformity of research conducted in controlled environments and facilitate comparison of experimental results obtained in studies conducted in different laboratories on a world-wide basis.
Chronic inflammatory injury results in increased coupling of delta opioid receptors to voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

Opioid receptors regulate a diverse array of physiological functions. Mu opioid receptor agonists are well-known analgesics for treating acute pain. In contrast, animal models suggest that chronic pain is more effectively relieved by delta opioid receptor agonists. A number of studies have shown that chronic pain results in increased function of delta opioid receptors. This is proposed to result from enhanced trafficking of the delta opioid receptor to the cell membrane induced by persistent tissue injury. However, recent studies have questioned this mechanism, which has resulted in some uncertainty as to whether delta opioid receptors are indeed upregulated in chronic pain states. To clarify this question, we have examined the effect of chronic inflammatory pain over time using both an ex vivo measure of delta function: receptor-Ca2+ channel coupling, and an in vivo measure; the relief of chronic pain by a delta opioid receptor agonist. In addition, as beta-arrestin 2 can regulate delta opioid receptor trafficking and signaling, we have further examined whether deleting this scaffolding and signal transduction molecule alters delta opioid receptor function. We used the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant model of inflammatory pain, and examined the effectiveness of the delta agonist, SNC80, to both inhibit Ca2+ channels in primary afferent neurons and to attenuate mechanical allodynia. In naive beta-arrestin 2 wildtype and knockout mice, SNC80 neither significantly inhibited voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents nor produced antinociception. However, following inflammatory pain, both measures showed a significant and long-lasting enhancement of delta opioid receptor function that persisted for up to 14 days post-injury regardless of genotype. Furthermore, although this pain model did not alter Ca2+ current density, the contribution of N-type Ca2+ channels to the total current appeared to be regulated by the presence of beta-arrestin 2. Our results indicate that there is an upregulation of delta opioid receptor function following chronic pain. This gain of function is reflected in the increased efficacy of a delta agonist in both behavioral and electrophysiological measures. Overall, this work confirms that delta opioid receptors can be enhanced following tissue injury associated with chronic pain.
Channel Diversity in Random Wireless Networks

The goal of this paper is to explore the benefits of channel diversity in wireless ad hoc networks. Our model is that of a Poisson point process of transmitters, each with a receiver at a given distance. A packet is divided in blocks which are transmitted over different subbands determined by random frequency hopping. At the receiver, a maximum-likelihood decoder is employed to estimate the transmitted packet/codeword. We show that, if L is the Hamming distance of the error correction code and e is a constraint on the packet error probability, the transmission capacity of the network is proportional to e1/L, when e → 0. The proportionality constant depends on the code selection, the packet length, the geometry of the symbol constellation and the number of receive antennas. This result implies that, at the cost of a moderate decoding complexity, large gains can be achieved by a simple interference randomization scheme during packet transmission. We also address practical issues such as channel estimation and power control. We find that reliable channel information can be obtained at the receiver without significant rate loss and demonstrate that channel-inversion power control can increase the transmission capacity.
Multivariate and Univariate Analysis of Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion MRI in Alzheimer's Disease

Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) MRI was combined with multivariate analysis for detection of an Alzheimer's Disease (AD) related cerebral blood flow (CBF) covariance pattern. Whole brain resting CBF maps were obtained using spin echo, echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) CASL in patients with mild AD (n=12, age = 70.7± 8.7, 7 males, modified Mini-Mental State Examination (mMMS) = 38.7/57 ± 11.1) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 20; age = 72.1 ± 6.5, 8 males). A covariance pattern for which the mean expression was significantly higher (p < 0.0005) in AD than HC was identified containing Posterior Cingulate, Superior Temporal, Parahippocampal, and Fusiform gyri, as well as Thalamus, Insula, and Hippocampus. The results from this analysis were supplemented with those from the more standard, ROI and voxelwise, univariate techniques. All ROIs (17/hemisphere) showed significant decrease in CBF in AD [p < 0.001 for all ROIs, αcorrected = 0.05]. The area under the ROC curve for discriminating AD vs. HC was 0.97 and 0.94 for covariance pattern and gray matter ROI, respectively. Fewer areas of depressed CBF in AD were detected using voxelwise analysis [corrected, p < 0.05]. These areas were: Superior Temporal, Cingulate, Middle Temporal, Fusiform gyri, as well as Inferior Parietal Lobule and Precuneus. When tested on extensive split-half analysis to map out the replicability of both multivariate and univariate approaches, the expression of the pattern from multivariate analysis was superior to that of the univariate.
Intrinsically triple linked complete graphs

Abstract We prove that every embedding of K 10 in R 3 contains a non-split link of three components. We also exhibit an embedding of K 9 with no such link of three components.
Click chain model in web search

Given a terabyte click log, can we build an efficient and effective click model? It is commonly believed that web search click logs are a gold mine for search business, because they reflect users' preference over web documents presented by the search engine. Click models provide a principled approach to inferring user-perceived relevance of web documents, which can be leveraged in numerous applications in search businesses. Due to the huge volume of click data, scalability is a must.We present the click chain model (CCM), which is based on a solid, Bayesian framework. It is both scalable and incremental, perfectly meeting the computational challenges imposed by the voluminous click logs that constantly grow. We conduct an extensive experimental study on a data set containing 8.8 million query sessions obtained in July 2008 from a commercial search engine. CCM consistently outperforms two state-of-the-art competitors in a number of metrics, with over 9.7% better log-likelihood, over 6.2% better click perplexity and much more robust (up to 30%) prediction of the first and the last clicked position.
Speculative sequential consistency with little custom storage

This paper proposes SC++lite, a sequentially consistent system that relaxes memory order speculatively to bridge the performance gap among memory consistency models. Prior proposals to speculatively relax memory order require large custom on-chip storage to maintain a history of speculative processor and memory state while memory order is relaxed. SC++lite uses the memory hierarchy to store the speculative history, providing a scalable path for speculative SC systems across a wide range of applications and system latencies. We use cycle-accurate simulation of shared-memory multiprocessors to show that SC++lite can fully relax memory order while virtually obviating the need for custom on-chip storage. Moreover while demand for storage increases significantly with larger memory latencies, SC++lite's ability to relax memory order remains insensitive to memory latency. An SC++lite system can improve performance over a base SC system by 28% with only 2 KB of custom storage in a system with 16 processors. In contrast, speculative SC systems with custom storage require 51 KB of storage to improve performance by 31% over a base SC system.
Sound generation and upstream influence due to instability waves interacting with non-uniform mean flows

Attention is given to the sound produced by artificially excited, spatially growing instability waves on subsonic shear layers. Real flows that always diverge in the downstream direction allow sound to be produced by the interaction of the instability waves with the resulting streamwise variations of the flow. The upstream influence, or feedback, can interact with the splitter plate lip to produce a downstream-propagating instability wave that may under certain conditions be the same instability wave that originally generated the upstream influence. The present treatment is restricted to very low Mach number flows, so that compressibility effects can only become important over large distances.
Function of the F1-motor (F1-ATPase) of ATP synthase by apolar-polar repulsion through internal interfacial water.

Abstract Thesis Within the structurally-confined internal aqueous cavity of the F 1 -motor of ATP synthase, function results from free energy changes that shift the balance between interfacial charge hydration and interfacial hydrophobic hydration. Transition state description At the β-P end of ADP · Mg occurs an inorganic phosphate, P i . This P i resides at the base of a water-filled cleft that functions like an aperture to focus, into an aqueous chamber, a competition for hydration (an apolar–polar repulsion) between charged phosphate and hydrophobic surface of the γ-rotor. Two means available for the phosphate and the hydrophobic surface to improve their hydration free energies are physically to separate by rotation of the γ-rotor or chemically to combine P i with ADP to form less charged ATP. This proposal derives from calculated changes in Gibbs free energy for hydrophobic association of amino acid side chains and chemical modifications thereof and from experimentally demonstrated water-mediated repulsion between hydrophobic and charged sites that resulted from extensive studies on designed elastic-contractile model proteins.
The role of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccination in the prevention of anal cancer in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection.

The incidence of anal cancer is increasing in the general population and especially in high-risk groups. A total of 90% of anal cancers are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the anal canal. Similar to cervical cancer, anal cancer progresses through a predictable series of premalignant stages before resulting in invasive cancer; this process begins with persistent HPV infection. The HPV vaccine represents a promising strategy to combat the increasing incidence of anal cancer.Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) predisposes people to persistent HPV infection, dysplasia, and subsequent anal cancer. Patients infected with HIV should be targeted for vaccination against HPV. There are difficulties in targeting this population, the most notable being that the optimal age for vaccination is prior to identification with any high-risk groups. Universal vaccination against HPV represents the best strategy to achieve maximum protection against anal cancer in high-risk groups.
All-atom Monte Carlo Simulation of GCAA RNA Folding

We report a detailed all-atom simulation of the folding of the GCAA RNA tetraloop. The GCAA tetraloop motif is a very common and thermodynamically stable secondary structure in natural RNAs. We use our simulation methods to study the folding behavior of a 12-base GCAA tetraloop structure with a four-base helix adjacent to the tetraloop proper. We implement an all-atom Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of RNA structural dynamics using a Go potential. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of RNA and protein has realistic energetics and sterics, but is extremely expensive in terms of computational time. By coarsely treating non-covalent energetics, but retaining all-atom sterics and entropic effects, all-atom MC techniques are a useful method for the study of protein and now RNA. We observe a sharp folding transition for this structure, and in simulations at room temperature the state histogram shows three distinct minima: an unfolded state (U), a more narrow intermediated state (I), and a narrow folded state (F). The intermediate consists primarily of structures with the GCAA loop and some helix hydrogen bonds formed. Repeated kinetic folding simulations reveal that the number of helix base-pairs forms a simple 1D reaction coordinate for the I-->N transition.
A Study of Air Launch Methods for RLVs

Many organizations have proposed air launch Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs) due to a renewed interest generated by NASA’s 2 Generation Space Launch Initiative. Air launched RLVs are categorized as captive on top, captive on bottom, towed, aerial refueled, and internally carried. The critical design aspects of various proposed air launch RLVs concepts are evaluated. It is found that many concepts are not possible with today’s technology. The authors introduce a new air launch concept that is possible with today’s technology called SwiftLaunch RLV.
Alignment of Overlapping Locally Scaled Patches for Multidimensional Scaling and Dimensionality Reduction

Data observations that lie on a manifold can be approximated by a collection of overlapping local patches, the alignment of which in a low-dimensional euclidean space provides an embedding of the data. This paper describes an embedding method using classical multidimensional scaling as a local model based on the fact that a manifold locally resembles a euclidean space. A set of overlapping neighborhoods are chosen by a greedy approximation algorithm of minimum set cover. Local patches derived from the set of overlapping neighborhoods by classical multidimensional scaling are aligned in order to minimize a residual measure, which has a quadratic form of the resulting global coordinates and can be minimized analytically by solving an eigenvalue problem. This method requires only distances within each neighborhood and provides locally isometric embedding results. The size of the eigenvalue problem scales with the number of overlapping neighborhoods rather than the number of data points. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of this method. Extensions and variations of the method are discussed.
Sparse Quasi-Random Graphs

Quasi-random graph properties form a large equivalence class of graph properties which are all shared by random graphs. In recent years, various aspects of these properties have been treated by a number of authors (e.g., see [5]-[14], [16], [23]-[27]). Almost all of these results deal with dense graphs, that is, graphs on n vertices having cn edges for some c > 0 as n → ∞. In this paper, we extend our study of quasi-randomness to sparse graphs, i.e., graphs on n vertices with o(n) edges. It will be shown that many of the quasi-random properties for dense graphs have analogues for sparse graphs, while others do not, at least not without additional hypotheses. In general, sparse graphs are more difficult to deal with than dense graphs, due for example to the possible absence of certain local structures, such as 4-cycles.
FROM THE WESTERN TO THE MURDER MYSTERY: THE SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION OF C. WRIGHT MILLS

C. Wright Mills laid down a complex, contradictory legacy. Worldwide, he may be America's most famous sociologist, yet the professional journals rarely cite his work. In contrast, introductory sociology textbooks almost always discuss the sociological imagination, yet characteristically refer to only half of his concept, hardly ever mentioning its revolutionary character. Both the American Western and the murder mystery reveal parallels with Mills's biography and analysis of American sociology. Mills attempted to murder his father and older brother figures and invited us to join him, but he failed to rally our support. He left a legacy as much iconic as ironic.
Afterword: Welfare State Reform, Recognition and Emotional Labor

In this themed section, the editors and authors take us far beyond the usual thinking about welfare reform. How, they ask, do politicians want us to feel about welfare reform? How do we think we should feel and how do we feel about it? How does the disabled woman who has lost her government-provided caregiver and ‘hasn't been out of the house since Christmas’, feel about it? Or the man who petitions to restore his lost government aid – but fails to do so? Or the wealthy Dutch tax payer? These are are the sorts of questions that arise in the study of a changing welfare states.
Infrared imagery of large-aspect-ratio Langmuir circulation

Abstract Airborne infrared imagery collected off the West Florida coast reveals Langmuir circulation patterns having across-wind spacings of the order of ten times the local water depth. This implies a much flatter circulation cell than has been typically reported but supports observations made off the Texas coast by Hunter and Hill (Remote Sensing Environ. 10 (1980) 115). The conditions under which such large-aspect-ratio circulation cells form remain unclear.
The upstream open reading frame mediates constitutive effects on translation of cytochrome p-450c27 from the seventh in-frame AUG codon in rat liver.

The 2.3-kb mRNA that codes for cytochrome P-450c27 (CYP27) has an unexpectedly long 5′-untranslated region (UTR) that holds six AUGs, leading to several upstream open reading frames (uORFs). The initiation of translation from the seventh AUG forms a putative 55-kDa precursor, which is processed in mitochondria to form a 52-kDa mature protein. The first three AUGs form fully overlapping uORF1, uORF2, and uORF3 that are in-frame with the seventh AUG and next two form fully overlapping uORF4 and uORF5 that are out-of-frame with the seventh AUG. Although not recognized by the scanning ribosomes under normal conditions, the sixth in-frame AUG forms a putative 57-kDa extension of the main open reading frame. The purpose of this study was to identify the elements in the 5′-UTR that direct CYP27 mRNA translation exclusively from the seventh AUG. Expression of 5′ deletion mutants in COS cells reveal that the intact 5′-UTR not only directs the initiation of translation from the seventh AUG but also acts as a negative regulator. A 2-kb deletion mutant that lacks uORF1 initiates translation equally from the sixth and the seventh AUGs, forming both 57- and 55-kDa precursor proteins with a 2-fold increase in rate of translation. However, induction in translation does not affect the levels of the mature 52-kDa form in mitochondria but causes accumulation of the precursor form in cytosol not seen in COS cells transfected with wild-type cDNA. Mutation of the stop codon that terminates uORF1 completely shifts the initiation of translation from the seventh to the first AUG, forming a 67-kDa precursor that is processed into a 52-kDa mature protein in mitochondria. Confirmation of the bicistronic nature of CYP27 mRNA by epitope mapping of uORF1 suggests that translation of CYP27 mRNA from the seventh AUG is directed and regulated by uORF1 expression.
Coupled-mode theory of overmoded cylindrical metal bragg-reflectors

A coupled-mode theory of overmoded, cylindrical metal Bragg-reflectors is presented. The first-order Bragg coupling constants are derived for TE → TE, TM → TM, TE → TM, and TM → TE mode conversions. Reflectivities and transverse mode Q -factors are computed for a Bragg-reflector resonator. The results illustrate important competition effects between nearly-degenerate-transverse-modes occurring within both the Bragg-reflectors and the resonator.
Incubation temperature profiles affect broiler feathering

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to assess the effects of incubation temperature profiles, breeder feed restriction programs, and litter conditions on progeny feather follicle (FF) density and skin layer thickness. In the first experiment, Cobb 500 fast feathering breeders were subjected to 2 feed restriction programs during rearing: skip-a-day (SAD) and every-day feeding (EDF). Eggs from each group were incubated according to 2 incubation temperature profiles: standard (S) and early-low late-high (LH). A total of 72 chicks per treatment combination were placed in Petersime cages (6/cage) and sampled for skin in the breast, dorsum, and thigh areas at 22 d. Additional samples were collected from the thigh and measured for epidermal and dermal thickness. For the second experiment, 2,475 eggs from a commercial flock of Cobb 500 fast feathering breeders were subjected to 3 incubation temperature profiles: S, LH, and standard-high (SH). At hatch, 1,260 chickens were placed in floor pens (14/pen) that contained either used litter or new wood shavings. At 28 d of age, 2 chickens per pen were sampled for skin in the breast, dorsum, and thigh areas. In both experiments, FF were counted in 4.5 cm2. It was concluded that incubation temperature affected feathering development in both experiments, especially in the breast. This effect may be stronger in progeny from breeders restricted under SAD programs. Moreover, litter conditions impacted FF numbers. These findings may be applied to minimize carcass scratches and improve broiler welfare.
The 4 Year COBE Normalization and Large-Scale Structure

We present an analysis of the 4 year data from the COBE DMR experiment. We use a Karhunen- Loeve expansion of the pixel data to calculate the normalization and goodness of -t of a range of models of structure formation. This technique produces unbiased normalization estimates and is capable of determining the normalization of any particular model with a statistical uncertainty of 7%. We present a parameterization of the normalization and likelihood function which summarizes our results for a wide range of models. We use the COBE normalization to compute small-scale Nuctuation ampli- tudes for a variety of models and discuss the implications of these results for theories of large-scale structure. Subject headings: cosmic microwave background E cosmology: theory E large-scale structure of universe E methods: statistical
Promotora assisted depression care among predominately Hispanic patients with concurrent chronic illness: Public care system clinical trial design

Depression frequently negatively affects patient overall self-care and social stress management within United States safety net care systems. Rates of major depression are significantly high among low-income predominantly Hispanic/Latino with chronic illness, such as diabetes and heart disease. The study design of the A Helping Hand to Activate Patient-Centered Depression Care among Low-income Patients (AHH) randomized clinical trial aims to enhance patient depression care receipt and overall bio-psychosocial self-care management. The AHH trial is conducted in collaboration with three Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (DHS) safety net clinics that provide Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) care. The study compares AHH intervention (AHH) in which community-based bilingual promotoras provide in-person or telephone patient engagement and intervention aimed to reduce the burden and strain on patients, families, and care providers by assessing, enhancing, and facilitating patient depression and co-morbid illness self-care management skill, and activating patient communication with clinic medical providers versus DHS PCMH team usual care (PCMHUC). AHH independent bilingual recruiters screened 1957 and enrolled 348 predominantly Hispanic/Latino patients, of whom 296 (85%) had diabetes, 14 (4%) with heart disease, and 38 (11%) with both diseases. Recruiters identified depressed patients by baseline Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores of 10 or more, completed baseline assessments, and randomized patients to either AHH or PCMHUC study group. The comprehensive assessments will be repeated at 6 and 12months by an independent bilingual follow-up interviewer. Baseline and outcome data include mental health assessment and treatment receipt, co-morbid illness self-care, social relationships, and environmental stressor assessments.
Journal club: Multicenter study of health care costs of patients admitted to hospital with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: Impact of length of stay and intensity of care.

The topic of this Journal Club is a multicenter study assessing the impact of caring for patients admitted with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) by Thampi et al.1 The authors note the varying incidences related to methicillin-susceptible S aureus in the literature and theorize that methicillin-resistant S aureus may be adding to the burden of caring for patients admitted to the hospital with SAB. Furthermore, the authors wish to account for changes in diagnostics and treatment modalities that have changed over the last decade that could impact cost and intensity of care.
CREATING ORDER IN THE BUREAUCRATIC REGISTER

Crime scene investigation reports, like other kids of official bureaucratic documents, serve an important purpose in the functioning of modern states. This article examines crime scene investigation reports from a city in southeastern Mexico pseudonymously called La Ciudad. The article combines textual discourse analysis of police suicide investigation reports with ethnographic analysis of police investigative practices to ask, how do law enforcement documents showcase the interactions between law enforcement agents and citizens? In what way can ethnographic analysis highlight and supplement the strengths and limitations of law enforcement documents as prisms of social reality? The complex and contested relationship between representatives of a Mexican law enforcement agency and the citizenry it claims to protect is visible in the documents it produces. The ethnographic material further deepens the reader's understanding of the ways in which law enforcement agents and common citizens form relationships ba...
Enabling mobile microinteractions

While much attention has been paid to the usability of desktop computers, mobile computers are quickly becoming the dominant platform. Because mobile computers may be used in nearly any situation—including while the user is actually in motion, or performing other tasks—interfaces designed for stationary use may be inappropriate, and alternative interfaces should be considered. In this dissertation I consider the idea of microinteractions —interactions with a device that take less than four seconds to initiate and complete. Microinteractions are desirable because they may minimize interruption; that is, they allow for a tiny burst of interaction with a device so that the user can quickly return to the task at hand. My research concentrates on methods for applying microinteractions through wrist-based interaction. I consider two modalities for this interaction: touchscreens and motion-based gestures. In the case of touchscreens, I consider the interface implications of making touchscreen watches usable with the finger, instead of the usual stylus, and investigate users' performance with a round touchscreen. For gesture-based interaction, I present a tool, MAGIC, for designing gesture-based interactive system, and detail the evaluation of the tool.
Robot-Assisted Myomectomy for Large Uterine Myomas: A Single Center Experience

Objective. To determine if robot-assisted myomectomy (RAM) is feasible for women with large uterine myomas. Methods. Retrospective review of one gynecologic surgeon's RAM cases between May 2010 and July 2013. Large uterine myomas, defined as the largest myoma ≥9 cm by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging, was age- and time-matched to controls with the largest myoma 900 gm, of which no major adverse outcomes were observed. All patients in the study cohort were discharged on the same day after surgery. Conclusion. RAM is a feasible surgical approach for patients with myomas ≥9 cm. Patients with large myomas undergoing RAM are also candidates for same-day discharge after surgery.
Catalytic activity and thermal stability of horseradish peroxidase encapsulated in self-assembled organic nanotubes.

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was encapsulated in self-assembled lithocholic acid (LCA) based organic nanotubes and its catalytic activity before and after thermal treatment was measured for comparison with free HRP. The apparent kcat (kcat/Km) for nanotube encapsulated HRP remained almost the same before and after thermal treatment, reporting an average value of 3.7 ± 0.4 μM−1 s−1. The apparent kcat value for free HRP decreased from 14.8 ± 1.3 μM−1 s−1 for samples stored at 4 °C to 2.4 ± 0.1 μM−1 s−1 after thermal treatment for 8 h at 55 °C. The Michaelis–Menten constants, Km, determined for encapsulated HRP and free HRP were relatively unperturbed by storage conditions at 4 °C or thermally treated at 55 °C for varying time periods from 2–8 h, with encapsulated HRP having a slightly higher Km than free HRP (13.4 ± 0.9 μM versus 11.7 ± 0.4 μM). The amount of HRP encapsulated in LCA nanotubes increased dramatically when the mixture of HRP and LCA nanotubes was brought to an elevated temperature. Within 4 h of thermal treatment at 55 °C, the amount of HRP encapsulated by the LCA nanotubes was more than 4 times the amount of HRP encapsulated when equilibrated at 4 °C for 7 days. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that the higher degree of exposure of hydrophobic residues in HRP at elevated temperatures enhances the hydrophobic interaction between HRP and the nanotube wall, resulting in the increased amount of HRP surface adsorption and, hence, the overall amount of encapsulation inside the nanotubes.
Evidence that Secretin Does not Have Direct Antitrophic Effects on the Rat Stomach

SummaryRats were injected subcutane-ously with synthetic secretin (100 units/kg) every 8 hr for 14 days. We examined the effect of secretin on the weight of the stomach and its component parts, on the biochemical characteristics of the oxyntic glandular mucosa, and on the levels of endogenous gastrin. Each of these measurements is capable of detecting changes in the growth of the stomach. Nevertheless, we found no evidence that secretin inhibits gastric growth. It is, therefore, concluded that secretin itself does not have an antitrophic effect on the rat stomach and that the previously reported antitrophic effect of secretin on this tissue was due to the inhibition of pentagastrin.The authors wish to thank P. D. Guthrie for his technical assistance and M. I. Grossman for his advice during the course of this study. Secretin was a gift from Schwarz/Mann Inc.; Calcitonin diluent B was a gift from Armour Pharmaceutical Co. This work was supported in part by Grant AMI6505 and Research Career Development Award...
Comparison of Transport-of-Intensity Derivative Methods for Optical Fibers under Partially Coherent Illumination

The applicability and performance of intensity-derivative measurement schemes are evaluated within the context of optically thick fibers under partially coherent illumination using a simulation based on a Fourier-transform beam propagation method.
The Convergence of Closed-Loop P-Type Iterative Learning Control of Nonlinear System

The convergence of learning algorithm is one of the most important problems in iterative learning control. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the convergence of iterative learning control with closed loop P type algorithm are provided and proved in the case that the state equation of the controlled system is of a general nonlinear form,which shows that the convergence conditions in the nonlinear case are independent of the concrete form of the state equation, just as in the linear case. And what is more,the conditions given in this note are weaker than the known results.
Preliminary research on air conditioner learning model

With the development of economy,the use of air conditioners are rising,the function is also more and more novel. But there are some problems,such as cannot directly providing suitable temperature and humidity environment when people study or work or do other special activities. Based on the research of indoor temperature and humidity environment and learning efficiency,through data collection,analysis,establish the mathematical model of the relationship between temperature and humidity environment,and learning efficiency,to provide suggestions for air conditioning in the functional design.
Streamlining emergent hand and wrist radiography with a modified four-view protocol

This study aims to determine whether a modified four-view hand and wrist study performs comparably to the traditional seven views in the evaluation of acute hand and wrist fractures. This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board with waiver of informed consent. Two hundred forty patients (50 % male; ages 18–92 years) with unilateral three-view hand (posteroanterior, oblique, and lateral) and four-view wrist (posteroanterior, oblique, lateral, and ulnar deviation) radiographs obtained concurrently following trauma were included in this study. Four emergency radiologists interpreted the original seven images, with two radiologists independently evaluating each study. The patients’ radiographs were then recombined into four-view series using the three hand images and the ulnar deviated wrist image. These were interpreted by the same radiologists following an 8-week delay. Kappa statistics were generated to measure inter-observer and inter-method agreement. Generalized linear mixed model analysis was performed between the seven- and four-view methods. Of the 480 reports generated in each of the seven- and four-view image sets, 142 (29.6 %) of the seven-view and 126 (26.2 %) of the four-view reports conveyed certain or suspected acute osseous findings. Average inter-observer kappa coefficients were 0.7845 and 0.8261 for the seven- and four-view protocols, respectively. The average inter-method kappa was 0.823. The odds ratio of diagnosing injury using the four-view compared to the seven-view algorithm was 0.69 (CI 0.45–1.06, P = 0.0873). The modified four-view hand and wrist radiographic series produces diagnostic results comparable to the traditional seven views for acute fracture evaluation.
Gemstones Formed by Low-Pressure Regional Metamorphism: The Ruby Deposits of Mogok, Burma

Low-pressure metamorphism can take place locally, as contact metamorphism, or over large areas, as regional metamorphism (Figure 6–1). When hot magma intrudes into the cool surrounding rock, the rock is heated and saturated by hydrothermal fluids and commonly undergoes change in the form of replacement of some of its component minerals or recrystallization of the entire rock mass. The type and degree of change are dependent upon the temperature and chemistry of the intruding magma and the type of rock subjected to the intrusion. Resistant, unreactive rocks, such as quartzites and sandstones, may go unchanged when invaded by the molten rock. Others, most dramatically carbonates such as limestones, may undergo tremendous change due to their chemical reactivity. If the carbonate rock is magnesium rich, such as dolomite, magnesium minerals such as diopside or serpentine form. Likewise, the invading rock also contributes elements, the most common of which is silica.
Photosystem I in the Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium, Anabaena Variabilis ATCC 29413: Subunit Composition and Directed Mutagenesis of Cofactor Binding Proteins

Photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) are two pigment-protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts of green plants, eukaryotic algae, and cyanobacteria. Each of these two complexes has more than ten polypeptide subunits and a large number of cofactors, e.g., chlorophyll, quinone, heme, iron-sulfur centers, etc. PSII mediates electron transfer from water to plastoquinone whereas PSI catalyzes transfer of electrons from plastocyanin or cytochrome c553 to ferredoxin. Reduced ferredoxin in its turn donates electrons to NADP+, a reaction catalyzed by ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase (FNR).
Utility of flow cytometry analysis for pleural and peritoneal fluids

Introduction Pleural and peritoneal/ascites fluid samples with many lymphocytes are commonly received in the cytology laboratory. It is often difficult to distinguish reactive lymphocytes from hematopoietic malignancy based on morphology alone, however. Flow cytometry can be a useful adjunct in body fluids, although literature on this subject is limited. Materials and methods This study is a single-institution 5-year retrospective review of 377 fluid samples from 341 patients with corresponding flow cytometry analysis. The cytologic findings were correlated with the flow cytometry results and clinical data, as available. Results Of 4158 pleural fluids received over 5 years, 325 (7.8%) had corresponding flow cytometry analysis. Of these 325 samples, 57 (17.5%) were positive for hematopoietic malignancy by flow cytometry. Of the positive cases, only 24 (8.7%) represented a new diagnosis of hematopoietic malignancy (ie, did not have a known history). Of 3020 peritoneal/ascites fluids received over 5 years, 52 (2%) had corresponding flow cytometry. Of these, 8 were positive for hematopoietic malignancy, and only 2 represented a presumed new diagnosis. Conclusions Routine flow cytometry analysis for pleural and peritoneal/ascitic fluids is of limited utility, with only rare cases positive for hematopoietic malignancy without a known history. Of these cases, many had atypical cells that suggested a positive diagnosis. Conversely, in cases with a known history, about 75% were positive for hematopoietic malignancy. Our study suggests that the utility of flow cytometry for pleural and peritoneal/ascitic fluids is limited, and should be used sparingly in cases without atypical cytologic features, high clinical suspicion, or known history.
The Jamesian Field

Henry James was very consciously an artist. His style was the result of artistic choices. In his view, it was his art. As he said of Shakespeare, [W]hat is important to note being simply our Poet’s high testimony to this independent, absolute value of Style, and to its need thoroughly to project and seat itself….. It had been in fine his material, his plastic clay; since the more subtly he applied it, the more these secrets might appear to him, at every point, one with the myriad pulses of the spirit of man. (James, 1907, vol. 16 pp. ix–xxxii) James thus took ‘Style’ seriously, as evidence of his own claim to artistry, and discussed it frequently in his prefaces, criticism and letters as the mark of the true artist. Ever the organicist, he speaks of it as a kind of ‘fusion’, a process of expression that is at one with the artist’s creation: So close is the marriage between his power of ‘rendering,’ in the light of the imagination, and whatever he sees and feels, that we should much mislead in speaking of his manner as a thing distinct from the matter submitted to it. The fusion is complete and admirable, so that, though his work is nothing if not ‘literary,’ we see at no point of it where literature or where life begins or ends; we swallow our successive morsels with as little question as we swallow food that has by proper preparation been reduced to singleness of savour.
Morphine exposure in preterm infants correlates with impaired cerebellar growth and poorer neurodevelopmental outcome

Commentary on: Zwicker JG, Miller SP, Grunau RE, et al. Smaller cerebellar growth and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm infants exposed to neonatal morphine. J Pediatr 2016;172:81–7[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3]. Optimal care of preterm infants includes adequate treatment of pain and agitation. However, guidelines caution against the routine use of opioids in common situations such as mechanical ventilation, given the potential for respiratory adverse effects.1 Despite this caution, opioid exposure for this indication remains common.2 Conflicting data exist regarding the impact of this exposure on the developing brain.3 This prospective cohort study examines the relationship between morphine exposure in infants born very preterm and brain growth at term-equivalent age as well as neurodevelopmental outcomes at … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJ%2BPediatr%26rft.volume%253D172%26rft.spage%253D81%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252Fj.jpeds.2015.12.024%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26763312%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.12.024&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=26763312&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F6%2F234.atom
Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Pancreatic Cancer: Opportunities for Targeted Therapeutics

Publisher Summary The cell type that gives rise to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has not been clearly delineated. PDAC, the most common pancreatic tumor, is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Specific molecular alterations have been shown to correlate with discrete pathological stages of pancreatic tumorigenesis and contribute to specific features of PDAC. Additional alterations suggested to play a role in PDAC include the overexpression of a number of important growth factors and their corresponding high affinity tyrosine kinase receptors, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) isoforms, Hedgehog signaling components, the Wnt signaling pathway, the cell cycle regulatory pathway, and nuclear effectors such as Notch, NFκB, and Stat3. Several mouse models of PDAC are produced in which a key component has been the expression of oncogenic K-ras in the pancreas through its own endogenous promoter. In spite of tremendous progress in understanding the pathobiology of PDAC, very little progress has been made with respect to impacting the 5-year survival rates of PDAC patients. Combinational regimens in conjunction with standard chemotherapy may need to be devised, based on the specific molecular alterations that are delineated in a particular patient's cancer. This personalized combinatorial targeted approach may offer a new ray of hope to patients with PDAC.
Use of the TLR2 ligand polysaccharide krestin to maximize conventional cancer therapy

The HER2+ breast cancer subtype accounts for 20–30% of cases and represents a particularly aggressive form of breast cancer. As this type of breast cancer is dependent on the HER2 receptor for prol...
The PHASTA Science Gateway: Web-based Execution of Adaptive Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

The Parallel Hierarchic Adaptive Stabilized Transient Analysis (PHASTA) software supports modeling compressible or incompressible, laminar or turbulent, steady or unsteady flows in 3D using unstructured grids. PHASTA, coupled with the Parallel Unstructured Mesh Infrastructure (PUMI), supports parallel, automated, adaptive simulation workflows. Researchers can easily execute these workflows on the TACC Stampede Xeon and Knights Landing nodes without being burdened by the details of each system using the PHASTA science gateway (created with Apache Airavata). In addition to abstracting away job execution and filesystem details, the gateway creates a searchable archive of past jobs to support reproducibility. Our poster presents the construction of the PHASTA gateway, the workflows it currently supports, and our ongoing efforts to expand functionality and the user base.
The Learn Unit: A Natural Fracture of Teaching

A natural fracture is a unit of a compound that separates naturally from other components as a result of lawful conditions. It is an absolute unit. The identification of, and the quest for, natural fractures are more common in natural sciences than in social sciences. One of the characteristics of behavior analysis that aligns it with natural sciences is a preference for the identification of natural fractures. Once identified, natural fractures of behavior (e.g., the operant) become direct measures of absolute units of behavior as opposed to artifacts or inferences about behavior.