cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Location Dependence to Manage Mobile Data

Fragmentation, (portions of data located on many separate devices), and versioning, (different versions of the same datum located on different devices), of user data are increasingly prevalent and important problems as users work on a more diverse array of mobile computing devices. A common solution to these problems is to cache data on the current device. This paper describes and evaluates a mechanism for addressing fragmentation and versioning using affinity relationships. Affinity relationships that represent the current data interests of users provide hints as to what data to cache on mobile computing devices. Trace data collected over a 15 month period has been used to inform the design of the affinity mechanism. Trace-based simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of an affinity-directed approach to reduce fragmentation and versioning with low overhead.
Successful treatment of a metacarpal trophic ulcer utilizing a neurovascular island flap.

A 4-year-old, neutered male, soft coated wheaten terrier mixed-breed dog was presented for evaluation of a nonhealing ulcer of the metacarpal pad of 10 to 12 weeks’ duration. A diagnosis of an ulnar nerve deficit and secondary trophic ulceration was made. The ulcer was repaired using a neurovascular island flap. Postoperatively, a fiberglass clamshell splint was used to protect the healing flap. The flap healed successfully and developed a highly keratinized epithelium much like a normal footpad.
Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: aortopulmonary window

The extant nomenclature for aortopulmonary window (AP window) and pulmonary artery origin from ascending aorta (hemitruncus) is reviewed for the purpose of establishing a unified reporting system. The subject was debated and reviewed by members of the STS-Congenital Heart Surgery Database Committee and representatives from the European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery. All efforts were made to include all relevant nomenclature categories using synonyms where appropriate. A comprehensive database set is presented that is based on a hierarchical scheme. Data are entered at various levels of complexity and detail that can be determined by the clinician. These data can lay the foundation for comprehensive risk stratification analyses. A minimum database set is also presented that will allow for data sharing and would lend itself to basic interpretation of trends. Outcome tables relating diagnoses, procedures, and various risk factors are presented.
Murine bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells as vehicles for interleukin-12 gene delivery into Ewing sarcoma tumors

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene therapy in Ewing sarcoma and whether murine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could serve as vehicles for IL-12 gene delivery. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from murine bone marrow cells. Cells were phenotyped using flow cytometry. Cultured MSCs differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes using the appropriate media. Freshly isolated MSCs were transfected with adenoviral vectors containing either the β-galactosidase (Ad:β-gal) or the IL-12 (Ad:IL-12) gene. Expression of IL-12 was confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Mice with TC71 Ewing sarcoma tumors were then treated intravenously with MSCs transfected with Ad:β-gal or Ad:IL-12. Tumors were measured and analyzed by immunohistochemical analysis for expression of IL-12 protein. RESULTS: Expression of both p35 and p40 IL-12 subunits was demonstrated in MSCs transfected in vitro with Ad:IL-12. IL-12 expression was seen in tumors from mice treated with MSCs transfected with Ad:IL-12. Tumor growth was also significantly inhibited compared with that in mice treated with MSCs transfected with Ad:β-gal. CONCLUSIONS: MSCs can be transfected with the IL-12 gene. These transfected cells localize to tumors after intravenous injection and induce local IL-12 protein production and the regression of established tumors. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Genetic Evidence for a SPO1-Dependent Signaling Pathway Controlling Meiotic Progression in Yeast

The yeast spindle pole body (SPB) plays a unique role in meiosis, initiating both spindle assembly and prospore membrane synthesis. SPO1, induced early in development, encodes a meiosis-specific phospholipase B (PLB) homolog required at three stages of SPB morphogenesis: MI, MII, and spore formation. Here we report in-depth analysis of the SPO1 gene including its transcriptional control by regulators of early gene expression, protein localization to the ER lumen and periplasmic space, and molecular genetic studies of its role in meiosis. Evidence is presented that multiple arrest points in spo1Δ occur independently, demonstrating that Spo1 acts at distinct steps. Loss of Spo1 is suppressed by high-copy glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins, dependent on sequence, timing, and strength of induction in meiosis. Since phosphatidylinositol (PI) serves as both an anchor component and a lipase substrate, we hypothesized that GPI-protein expression might substitute for Spo1 by decreasing levels of its potential substrates, PI and phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs). Partial spo1Δ complementation by PLB3 (encoding a unique PLB capable of cleaving PI) and relatively strong Spo1 binding to PI(4)P derivatives (via a novel N-terminal lysine-rich fragment essential for Spo1 function) are consistent with this view. Epistasis of SPO1 mutations to those in SPO14 (encoding a PLD involved in signaling) and physical interaction of Spo1 with Spo23, a protein regulating PI synthesis required for wild-type sporulation, further support this notion. Taken together these findings implicate PI and/or PIPs in Spo1 function and suggest the existence of a novel Spo1-dependent meiosis-specific signaling pathway required for progression of MI, MII, and spore formation via regulation of the SPB.
Vascular Endothelial Estrogen Receptor α Is Modulated by Estrogen Status and Related to Endothelial Function and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Healthy Women

Context and Objective: Estrogen receptor α (ERα), a potent transcription factor expressed in vascular endothelial cells, plays a key role in regulating vascular function and health. We determined whether vascular endothelial cell expression of ERα is influenced by estrogen status and is related to vascular endothelial function in healthy women. Methods: ERα protein expression was measured (quantitative immunofluorescence) in endothelial cells from peripheral veins of 16 healthy, premenopausal women during the early follicular (EF) and late follicular (LF) phases of the menstrual cycle and 17 estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Endothelial-dependent dilation (EDD; brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activation were also measured in a subgroup of women. Results: In premenopausal women (n = 10), ERα expression was 30% lower (P < 0.001) during the EF (low estrogen) compared with the LF (high estrogen) phase of the menstrual cycle. In postmen...
Use of sequence data from rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon for SNP detection in Pacific salmon

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are a class of genetic markers that are well suited to a broad range of research and management applications. Although advances in genotyping chemistries and analysis methods continue to increase the potential advantages of using SNPs to address molecular ecological questions, the scarcity of available DNA sequence data for most species has limited marker development. As the number and diversity of species being targeted for large-scale sequencing has increased, so has the potential for using sequence from sister taxa for marker development in species of interest. We evaluated the use of Oncorhynchus mykiss and Salmo salar sequence data to identify SNPs in three other species (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Oncorhynchus nerka and Oncorhynchus keta). Primers designed based on O. mykiss and S. salar alignments were more successful than primers designed based on Oncorhynchus-only alignments for sequencing target species, presumably due to the much larger number of potential targets available from the former alignments and possibly greater sequence conservation in those targets. In sequencing approximately 89 kb we observed a frequency of 4.30 x 10(-3) SNPs per base pair. Approximately half (53/101) of the subsequently designed validation assays resulted in high-throughput SNP genotyping markers. We speculate that this relatively low conversion rate may reflect the duplicated nature of the salmon genome. Our results suggest that a large number of SNPs could be developed for Pacific salmon using sequence data from other species. While the costs of DNA sequencing are still significant, these must be compared to the costs of using other marker classes for a given application.
Signatures of normal and anomalous diffusion in nanotube systems by NMR

Abstract This paper reviews results of our recent studies of diffusion of gaseous sorbates in nanotube systems. 13 C pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR at 17.6 T was used to probe diffusion of tetrafluoromethane in aluminosilicate nanotubes at several sorbate loadings. The results of PFG NMR measurements were compared with the corresponding data obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. The diffusion in this system was found to follow the laws of normal (i.e. Fickian) transport. At the same time, experimental data pointing at single-file diffusion were recorded for xenon gas confined inside dipeptide l -alanyl l -valine (AV) nanotubes. These data were obtained by means of high field 129 Xe PFG NMR. The PFG NMR data are compared with recently reported hyperpolarized tracer exchange 129 Xe NMR in the same material.
Sulforaphane-induced Cell Death in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Is Initiated by Reactive Oxygen Species

We have shown previously that sulforaphane (SFN), a constituent of many edible cruciferous vegetables including broccoli, suppresses growth of prostate cancer cells in culture as well as in vivo by causing apoptosis, but the sequence of events leading to cell death is poorly defined. Using PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cells as a model, we now demonstrate, for the first time, that the initial signal for SFN-induced apoptosis is derived from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure of PC-3 cells to growth-suppressive concentrations of SFN resulted in ROS generation, which was accompanied by disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis. All these effects were significantly blocked on pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine and overexpression of catalase. The SFN-induced ROS generation was significantly attenuated on pretreatment with mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I inhibitors, including diphenyleneiodonium chloride and rotenone. SFN treatment also caused a rapid and significant depletion of GSH levels. Collectively, these observations indicate that SFN-induced ROS generation is probably mediated by a nonmitochondrial mechanism involving GSH depletion as well as a mitochondrial component. Ectopic expression of Bcl-xL, but not Bcl-2, in PC-3 cells offered significant protection against the cell death caused by SFN. In addition, SFN treatment resulted in an increase in the level of Fas, activation of caspase-8, and cleavage of Bid. Furthermore, SV40-immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Bid knock-out mice displayed significant resistance toward SFN-induced apoptosis compared with wild-type MEFs. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that SFN-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is initiated by ROS generation and that both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase cascades contribute to the cell death caused by this highly promising cancer chemopreventive agent.
WiMAX/WLAN radio receiver architecture for convergence in WMANS

The trend toward increasing the data rate and providing the customers with wireless broadband access has initiated WIMAX systems. IEEE 802.16e, the mobile version of IEEE 802.16, provides WMAN (wireless metropolitan area network). Such system would need to work in the hostile environment of cellular phones and hence has the tough blocker requirements of GSM while providing the quality of service of WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/g). Combination of these factors imposes stringent requirements on system and block level. Convergence of WiMAX and WLAN facilitates the broadband accessibility by using the already existing wireless networks wherever there is a WLAN hot spot. This paper proposes a fully integrated solution for a multiband WIMAX/WLAN system based on a zero-IF architecture. System requirements are analyzed and block level specifications are derived. Challenges in system and block level are discussed and solutions are offered based on the current sub-micron CMOS technologies
Designing Web-assessible virtual professional development for teachers

This paper presents research-based design criteria for Web-accessible professional development for pre-college teachers. We review our prior research with teachers in testing prototype instructional delivery designs, explain our research basis for identifying their developmental needs from pre-service to master teacher, and set out criteria for our Web-accessible professional development design.
The nature of human sperm head vacuoles: a systematic literature review

Motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) involves the use of differential interference contrast microscopy (also called Nomarski contrast) at high magnification (at least 6300x) to improve the observation of live human spermatozoa. In fact, this technique evidences sperm head vacuoles that are not necessarily seen at lower magnifications - particularly if the vacuoles are small (i.e. occupying <4% of the sperm head’s area). However, a decade after MSOME's introduction, it is still not clear whether sperm head vacuoles are nuclear, acrosomal and/or membrane-related in nature. In an attempt to clarify this debate, we performed a systematic literature review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed database was searched from 2001 onwards with the terms "MSOME", “human sperm vacuoles”, "high-magnification, sperm”. Out of 180 search results, 21 relevant English-language publications on the nature of human sperm head vacuoles were finally selected and reviewed. Our review of the literature prompted us to conclude that sperm-head vacuoles are nuclear in nature and are related to chromatin condensation failure and (in some cases) sperm DNA damage.
Tetranucleotide microsatellite loci from eastern bluebirds Sialia sialis

We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions to amplify 18 tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci in eastern bluebirds ( Sialia sialis ). The primers were tested using individuals from two study sites in Georgia and South Carolina. Among individuals from the Georgia population ( n = 23), the primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 6.6 alleles per locus (range 2–12), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.56 (range 0.24–0.96) and an average polymorphic information content of 0.65 (range 0.3–0.86). Among individuals from the South Carolina population ( n = 19), the primer pairs yielded an average of 5.8 alleles per locus (range 2–9), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.56 (range 0.05–0.86) and an average polymorphic information content of 0.63 (range 0.29–0.83).
Nationwide trends in in-hospital mortality among patients with stroke.

Background and Purpose— Recent data suggest declining overall deaths attributable to stroke. However, little is known about time trends in mortality during stroke hospitalization, which may reflect a stroke’s direct effects, medical complications, or care quality. This study assessed nationwide patterns in hospital deaths after experiencing an acute stroke. Methods— Data were obtained from all US states that contributed to the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. All patients admitted to hospitals between 1997 and 2006 with a discharge diagnosis of stroke (identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision procedure codes) were included. Time trends in the proportion of stroke hospitalizations that resulted in death were assessed. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality after stroke were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Results— Between 1997 and 2006, overall stroke hospitalizations lessened from 1 351 293 in 1997 to 1998 to 1 202 449 in 2005 to 2006, whereas perc...
Guaranteed ray intersections with implicit surfaces

In this paper, we present a robust and mathematically sound ray-intersection algorithm for implicit surfaces. The algorithm is guaranteed to numerically find the nearest intersection of the surface with a ray, and is guaranteed not to miss fine features of the surface. It does not require fine tuning or human choice of interactive parameters. Instead, it requires two upper bounds: "L" that limits the net rate of change of the implicit surface function f(x,y,z) and "G" that limits the rate of change of the gradient. We refer to an implicit surface with these rate limits as an "LG-implicit surface."Existing schemes to intersect a ray with an implicit surface have typically been guaranteed to work only for a limited set of implicit functions, such as quadric surfaces or polynomials, or else have been ad-hoc and have not been guaranteed to work. Our technique significantly extends the ability to intersect rays with implicit surfaces in a guaranteed fashion.
Affordable infrastructure for deploying WiMAX systems: mesh v. non mesh

This study compares the economics of deploying conventional broadband wireless systems with different broadband mesh topologies (i.e. 1 hop or 2 hop) that deliver high speed data services to residential, SOHO, and large enterprises by a competitive local exchange carrier based on future WiMAX certified products. Regardless of fixed or mobile broadband wireless, the service offered should be affordable to all classes of the society. There are many new solutions, new income opportunities and sometimes-complicated business models for each type of mesh architecture. The different architectures of broadband wireless have been examined and we propose a cost effective infrastructure for deploying WiMAX systems.
Satellite and CALJET Aircraft Observations of Atmospheric Rivers over the Eastern North Pacific Ocean during the Winter of 1997/98

Abstract This study uses a unique combination of airborne and satellite observations to characterize narrow regions of strong horizontal water vapor flux associated with polar cold fronts that occurred over the eastern North Pacific Ocean during the winter of 1997/98. Observations of these “atmospheric rivers” are compared with past numerical modeling studies to confirm that such narrow features account for most of the instantaneous meridional water vapor transport at midlatitudes. Wind and water vapor profiles observed by dropsondes deployed on 25–26 January 1998 during the California Land-falling Jets Experiment (CALJET) were used to document the structure of a modest frontal system. The horizontal water vapor flux was focused at low altitudes in a narrow region ahead of the cold front where the combination of strong winds and large water vapor content were found as part of a low-level jet. A close correlation was found between these fluxes and the integrated water vapor (IWV) content. In this case, 75%...
The nature of the epinephrine-induced hyperlipidemia in dogs and its modification by glucose.

Dogs receiving subcutaneous epinephrine in oil (1 mg. per kg.) showed a prompt but transient elevation in serum free fatty acids (FFA) and a delayed %-hour elevation of serum lipoproteins. On daily injections of epinephrine for 6 to 8 days the serum cholesterol rose to 91 per cent above control values and the phospholipid 53 per cent. The triglyceride response was smaller and quite variable. Little change was found in the d
Neonatal Diagnosis and Treatment of Menkes Disease

Infants diagnosed with Menkes disease early by plasma neurochemical methods and treated early, within 22 days after birth, with copper replacement therapy, had a 92% survival rate vs 13% in those treated late, Median follow-up in 12 newborns treated early was 4.6 years compared to 1.8 years in 15 diagnosed and treated late.
Transfer in repaired S1-R2 and S2-R1 paradigms

Four two-list paired-associate transfer paradigms (A-B, B-Ar; A-B, B′-Ar; A-B, B-Ar′; A-B, B-C) were compared with an A-B, C-D control condition. In accordance with predictions made from a transfer surface described by Houston (1965), negative transfer appeared in all four experimental conditions. In contrast to the surface predictions that maximum negative transfer would occur in the A-B, B-Ar situation, that minimum negative transfer would appear in the A-B, B-C paradigm, and that the remaining conditions would display intermediate amounts of negative transfer, the four experimental paradigms did not differ in terms of second-list learning.
Influenza Surveillance Results in Anyue County,2005-2011

Objective To provide scientific basis for the prevention of influenza by understandiing the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Anyue county.Methods Collected the data of influenza-like illness(ILI) and influenza cases through the national diseases reporting information,emergency public reporting and influenza surveillance information system,with the results of epidemiology,etiology and outbreaks of influenza analyzed.The MDCK cell were used for separation of virus,and the isolated strain was typed and serum antibody measured through hemagglutination inhibition(HI) test.Results.In Anyue county from 2005 to 2011,the weekly average visiting rate of ILI was 0.62%,which was lowest in the 11th week of 2011 and highest in the 37th week of 2009.Because of the H1N1 influenza A pandemic in 2009,there was an obvious visiting peak in 2009,and the reported influenza incidence rate was 9.82/105.Seven outbreaks of influenza were reported,,mainly in September,and almost happened in rural elementary and middle schools.There were 59 strains of virus isolated from 491 specimens,with the isolation rate of 12.02%.Conclusion The reported ILI in Anyue county from 2005 to 2011 is steady,rural primary and middle school is the high risk place of outbreak.Influenza monitoring,study on population antibody levels and virus antigen variation should be strengthened,with the outbreak surveillance of countryside elementary and middle schools enhanced.meanwhile.
Hypertension with primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism.

Aldosterone is closely involved in certain hypertensive disorders. Increased, nonsuppressible levels of aldosterone and reduced plasma renin activity are diagnostic of primary hyperaldosteronism. Sodium loading is an effective screening process for detection of the hypokalemia characteristic of this disorder. Secondary hyperaldosteronism is most frequently associated with increases in activity of the renin-angiotensin system, usually resulting from renovascular disorders; hypertension and complications are usually more severe. High levels of plasma renin activity and elevated, suppressible aldosterone levels are characteristic.
A Framework for Dynamic Knowledge Modeling in Textbook-Based Learning

Various e-learning systems that provide electronic textbooks are gathering data on large numbers of student reading interactions. This data can potentially be used to model student knowledge acquisition. However, reading activity is often overlooked in canonical student modeling. Prior studies modeling learning from reading either estimate student knowledge at the end of all reading activities, or use quiz performance data with expert-crafted knowledge components (KCs). In this work, we demonstrate that the dynamic modeling of student knowledge is feasible and that automatic text analysis can be applied to save expert effort. We propose a data-driven approach for dynamic student modeling in textbook-based learning. We formulate the problem of modeling learning from reading as a reading-time prediction problem, reconstruct existing popular student models (such as Knowledge Tracing) and explore two automatic text analysis approaches (bag-of-words-based and latent semantic-based) to build the KC model. We evaluate the proposed framework using a dataset collected from a Human-Computer Interaction course. Results show that our approach for reading modeling is plausible; the proposed Knowledge Tracing-based student model reliably outperforms baselines and the latent semantic-based approach can be a promising way to construct a KC model. Serving as the first step to model dynamic knowledge in textbook-based learning, our framework can be applied to a broader context of open-corpus personalized learning.
Reimagining Global Social Movements in the Perspective of Egalitarian Democracy

The analysis starts by offering a critique of the existing social movement literature and by suggesting the integration of critical theories of knowledge with theories and wisdom of indigenous peop...
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Findings of Fat-Poor Angiomyolipomas.

Abstract Introduction: Approximately 5% of angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are classified as “fat poor” due to lack of visually detectable fat on imaging, making them difficult to distinguish from renal cell carcinoma. Recent investigations have proposed CT and MR imaging features suggestive of fat-poor AML (fp-AML). Herein, we determined the frequency of these features in a cohort of fp-AMLs by retrospective review of preoperative imaging. Methods: A pathology database query from January 2005 to August 2013 identified 49 renal specimens of AML with available imaging. A retrospective review of all CT and MR images of these 49 cases was conducted. Cases with visually detectable fat on imaging were excluded. Results: A total of 26 fp-AMLs were identified. Thirteen lesions had available unenhanced CT images, of which eight (62%) were hyperdense compared to the adjacent renal parenchyma, while five (38%) were isodense. Twenty lesions had enhanced CT images: 14 (70%) and 6 (30%) with homogeneous and heterogeneous enhan...
Abstract 3067: Expression of miR-301a regulates metastasis and act as a lethal marker for prostate cancer

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening contributes as a biomarker for diagnosis of prostate cancer; however, PSA screening has been considered an over diagnosis in some cases. This has lead to the identification of novel invasive markers which could eventually differentiate patients with lethal prostate cancer from those with indolent disease. Emerging evidences suggest that a small set of microRNAs (miRNA) are linked to prostate cancer pathogenesis leading to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In our studies of genome wide miRNA profiling, we have found that miR-301a is highly expressed in prostate cancer (CaP) cell lines as compared to normal prostate epithelial cells. While analyzing CaP samples, we found higher expression of miR-301a at specific stages. Interestingly, the miR-301a induction varies from 10 to 250 fold in aggressive tumors which clearly correlate with metastases. To confirm these findings, we utilized metastatic lesions from transgenic mice model of Trans Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) tissues, where higher levels of miR301a expression were observed in prostate tumors in comparison with normal prostate. Further, micro dissecting the tumors (metastasis) from lung showed ∼15 fold induction of miR301a expression compared to the normal lung components. Silencing specifically miR-301a resulted in the inhibition of proliferation, colony forming abilities, invasion, and migration and cell adhesion properties in CaP cell lines. Our molecular studies also suggest that miR-301 regulates Rho GTPases family proteins and transcriptionally activates Epithelial-Mesenchymal-Transition (EMT) markers like slug and β-catenin. Our ongoing studies may not only reveal whether miR-301 regulates Rho-associated kinases (ROCK) but also the potential role of EMT in CaP. Furthermore, we intend to perform a case control study by screening an additional 100 CaP cases besides indolent controls. As mentioned earlier, besides revealing the functional role in CaP pathogenesis, results from these findings will also suggest whether miR-301 expression distinguishes lethal CaP from indolent disease. Citation Format: Trinath P. Das, Suman Suman, Arokya Ms PapuJohn, Akhila Ankhem, Sandhya R. Rao, Jamie C. Messer, Houda Alatassi, Murali M. Ankhem, Chendil Damodaran. Expression of miR-301a regulates metastasis and act as a lethal marker for prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3067. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3067
Networks of Encouragement: Who's Encouraging Latina/o Students and White Students to Enroll in Honors and Advanced-Placement (AP) Courses?.

ABSTRACTUsing affiliation network data collected at a large high school, this study examined differences between who encourages Latina/o and White students to enroll in advanced courses. Previous research has shown a positive association between emotional support and academic achievement, and thus, this study shifts the focus from who informs students to who encourages them. This study revealed that on average, Latina/o and White students have different networks of encouragement.
Fast Approximation Algorithms for a Class of Non-convex QCQP Problems Using First-Order Methods

A number of important problems in engineering can be formulated as non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP). The general QCQP problem is NP-Hard. In this paper, we consider a class of non-convex QCQP problems that are expressible as the maximization of the point-wise minimum of homogeneous convex quadratics over a “simple” convex set. Existing approximation strategies for such problems are generally incapable of achieving favorable performance-complexity tradeoffs. They are either characterized by good performance but high complexity and lack of scalability, or low complexity but relatively inferior performance. This paper focuses on bridging this gap by developing high performance, low complexity successive non-smooth convex approximation algorithms for problems in this class. Exploiting the structure inherent in each subproblem, specialized first-order methods are used to efficiently compute solutions. Multicast beamforming is considered as an application example to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, which achieve a very favorable performance-complexity tradeoff relative to the existing state of the art.
Changes in Body Fat, Estimated from Skinfold Measurements of Varsity College Football Players during a Season

Abstract A practical way to study changes in body composition, especially body fat, by the use of skinfolds has been demonstrated. Skinfold measurements, abdomen, chest, arm, were made on varsity football players at the beginning and end of a season. Using this information, changes in body composition that occurred during conditioning and training were studied. Body weight did not change significantly, but significant losses occurred from the three skinfold sites. Body density as estimated from skinfold data increased with training and conditioning. Presumably this increase was due to loss of body fat and increase in muscle mass and other bodily components.
The Cytoskeleton–Autophagy Connection

Actin cytoskeleton dynamics play vital roles in most forms of intracellular trafficking by promoting the biogenesis and transport of vesicular cargoes. Mounting evidence indicates that actin dynamics and membrane-cytoskeleton scaffolds also have essential roles in macroautophagy, the process by which cellular waste is isolated inside specialized vesicles called autophagosomes for recycling and degradation. Branched actin polymerization is necessary for the biogenesis of autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Actomyosin-based transport is then used to feed the growing phagophore with pre-selected cargoes and debris derived from different membranous organelles inside the cell. Finally, mature autophagosomes detach from the ER membrane by an as yet unknown mechanism, undergo intracellular transport and then fuse with lysosomes, endosomes and multivesicular bodies through mechanisms that involve actin- and microtubule-mediated motility, cytoskeleton-membrane scaffolds and signaling proteins. In this review, we highlight the considerable progress made recently towards understanding the diverse roles of the cytoskeleton in autophagy.
Interactive Demonstration of Probabilistic Predicates

We will demonstrate a prototype query processing engine that uses probabilistic predicates (PPs) to speed up machine learning inference jobs. In current analytic engines, machine learning functions are modeled as user-defined functions (UDFs) which are both time and resource intensive. These UDFs prevent predicate pushdown; predicates that use the outputs of these UDFs cannot be pushed to before the UDFs. Hence, considerable time and resources are wasted in applying the UDFs on inputs that will be rejected by the subsequent predicate. We uses PPs that are lightweight classifiers applied directly on the raw input and filter data blobs that disagree with the query predicate. By reducing the input to be processed by the UDFs, PPs substantially improve query processing. We will show that PPs are broadly applicable by constructing PPs for many inference tasks including image recognition, document classification and video analyses. We will also demonstrate query optimization methods that extend PPs to complex query predicates and support different accuracy requirements.
Human coronavirus 229E can use CD209L (L-SIGN) to enter cells.

The primary receptor for SARS-CoV is ACE2, a metallopeptidase expressed on membranes of renal and cardiovascular tissues as well as the gastrointestinal tract. Marzi et al., showed that retroviral pseudotypes bearing the SARS-CoV glycoprotein could also bind to DC-SIGN and CD209L (also called L-SIGN or DC-SIGNR) on cell membranes, but not use these C-type lectins to enter cells. We showed that CD209L, which is expressed on sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver, endothelial cells of the lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches, capillaries in the villous lamina propria of the terminal ileum, and in type II alveolar cells and endothelial cells in the lung, has receptor activity for SARS-CoV. Briefly, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which are refractory to binding of SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein and entry of SARS-CoV, were transduced with a human lung cDNA library in a retroviral vector. Cells that bound soluble SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein were detected by flow cytometry and inoculated with SARS-CoV under BSL-3 conditions. Virus entry and viral subgenomic RNA and protein synthesis were detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Less than 1% of the cells expressed SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein 24 hours after inoculation. CD209L cDNA was cloned from subcloned cells positive for both binding of SARS-CoV spike and expression of SARS-CoV subgenomic RNA and N protein. Transfection of CHO cells with cDNA encoding CD209L made these cells as susceptible to SARS-CoV as the retrovirus transduced cells. DC-SIGN on dendritic cells has been shown to act as an attachment factor for Ebola virus, HIV-1, and other enveloped viruses. The dendritic cells, which are professional antigen-presenting cells, can present virus to macrophages or CD4 T-cells that express the appropriate receptor (CD4 and co-receptors for HIV-1). Thus DC-SIGN is said to mediate infection in trans. Our data suggest that CD209L may act as an alternative weak receptor for SARSCoV. Coronaviruses bud from the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and are believed to be released from cells by exocytosis. 9 The maturation of virus in the ERGIC
Elicitation of anti-leukemia cytotoxic responses.

A major goal in our understanding of leukemia involves the study of cell surface antigens on the leukemic cells that are not present on patients’ normal cells of the same type. These antigens, if they serve as tumor rejection type antigens, are commonly referred to as tumor associated transplantation antigens. One approach to the study of these antigens, which is also of potential interest with regard to cellular immunotherapy of leukemia, involves attempts to generate cytotoxic cells against autologous leukemia cells. The approaches that we have used have largely been based on earlier and concurrent studies involving recognition and response to alloantigens in the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and cell mediated lympholysis (CML) assays. Two general approaches have been used, both of which are presented in this paper. In each case the background studies of the allogeneic system are given as a reference.
Applications of 3D Printing

Abstract Chapter 2 and 3 described the rapidly evolving landscape of 3D printing technology and materials development. As the capabilities of the technology advance, various sectors are still working to determine how to utilize these new capabilities, integrate them within existing supply chains, and compete with traditional manufacturing methods. With the expiration of key patents, the technological cost for 3D printers is dropping rapidly, thus providing new opportunities to other sectors. In this chapter, we will provide a general overview of many of the current applications of 3D printing. This is not meant to be an exhaustive list, but to highlight the fields that 3D printing is likely to grow within in the near future. Specifically these fields are: consumer goods, food, medical, industrial, biology and clothing.
No latency to dentate granule cell epileptogenesis in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

Objective To determine when spontaneous granule cell epileptiform discharges first occur after hippocampal injury, and to identify the postinjury "latent" period as either a "silent" gestational state of epileptogenesis or a subtle epileptic state in gradual transition to a more obvious epileptic state. Methods Nonconvulsive status epilepticus evoked by perforant path stimulation in urethane-sedated rats produced selective and extensive hippocampal injury and a "latent" period that preceded the onset of the first clinically obvious epileptic seizures. Continuous granule cell layer depth recording and video monitoring assessed the time course of granule cell hyperexcitability and the onset/offset times of spontaneous epileptiform discharges and behavioral seizures. Results One day postinjury, granule cells in awake rats were hyperexcitable to afferent input, and continuously generated spontaneous population spikes. During the ~2-4 week "latent" period, granule cell epileptiform discharges lasting ~30 seconds caused subtle focal seizures characterized by immobilization and facial automatisms that were undetected by behavioral assessment alone but identified post hoc. Granule cell layer epileptiform discharge duration eventually tripled, which caused the first clinically obvious seizure, ending the "latent" period. Behavioral seizure duration was linked tightly to spontaneous granule cell layer events. Granule cell epileptiform discharges preceded all behavioral seizure onsets, and clonic behaviors ended abruptly within seconds of the termination of each granule cell epileptiform discharge. Noninjurious hippocampal excitation produced no evidence of granule cell hyperexcitability or epileptogenesis. Significance The latent period in this model is a subtle epileptic state in transition to a more clinically obvious epileptic state, not a seizure-free "gestational" state when an unidentified epileptogenic mechanism gradually develops. Based on the onset/offset times of electrographic and behavioral events, granule cell behavior may be the prime determinant of seizure onset, phenotype, duration, and offset in this model of hippocampal-onset epilepsy. Extensive hippocampal neuron loss could be the primary epileptogenic mechanism.
On the influence of coupled homogeneous redox reactions on electrode processes in d.c. and a.c. polarography

Summary A theoretical study of the d.c. and a.c. polarographic responses with the mechanism A + e ⇌ k s , 1 , α 1 B C + e ⇌ k s , 2 , α 2 D A + D ⇌ k 2 k 1 C + B is presented. It is found that the coupling of the two heterogeneous electrode processes by the homogeneous redox reaction under many conditions will lead to significant effects on the a.c. polarographic response which can be exploited to enable measurement of the rate parameters k1 and/or k2 of the homogeneous redox reaction. Other unique measurement possibilities also arise, such as deduction of the E0 and ks-values for totally irreversible electrode processes. In the extreme where k1≫k2, the theoretical predictions confirm the conclusions of Yamaoka regarding the enhancement of an irreversible a.c. polarographic wave by a second, more easily reduced, redox couple. In the opposite extreme (k1≪k2), which corresponds to the classical catalytic mechanism, the theory provides for the first time a.c. polarographic rate laws for the case where the homogeneous process is second-order. The theoretical equations are applicable to all combinations of homogeneous and heterogeneous kinetic-thermodynamic parameters, encompassing situations involving both resolved and unresolved polarographic waves. the usual assumption of equal diffusion coefficients is relaxed and the equations developed should account for moderate differences in diffusion coefficient under most circumstances, and large differences if the homogeneous redox reaction is reasonably rapid. Computer programs developed invoke the expanding sphere electrode model. Guidelines for experimental evaluation of various rate and thermodynamic parameters are presented. It is found that some rather simple measurement procedures based on appropriate theoretical working curves will permit evaluation of the homogeneous kinetic parameters. Implications of the results for a.c. polarographic analysis of multi-component systems are considered.
Abstract TP182: Physical Therapy/Occupational Therapy Evaluation Within the First 24-Hours for Patients Who Have Received Intravenous Alteplase

Background: Designated Stroke Centers are required by The Joint Commission to evaluate all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients for rehabilitation prior to discharge. Timing of this evaluation is c...
Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective, Diastereoselective, and Regioselective [2,3]-Rearrangements of Iodonium Ylides

The first highly enantioselective, diastereoselective, and regioselective [2,3]-rearrangement of iodonium ylides has been developed as a general solution to catalytic onium ylide rearrangements. In the presence of a chiral copper catalyst, substituted allylic iodides couple with α-diazoesters to generate metal-coordinated iodonium ylides, which undergo [2,3]-rearrangements with high selectivities (up to >95:5 rr, up to >95:5 dr, and up to 97% ee). The enantioenriched iodoester products can be converted stereospecifically to a variety of onium ylide rearrangement products, as well as compounds that are not accessible via classical onium ylide rearrangements.
Acute kidney injury is associated with low factor XIII in decompensated cirrhosis.

Abstract Background/aims The coagulation system is known to be rebalanced but fragile in stable cirrhosis. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in these patients and associated with an increased bleeding risk. We aimed to assess coagulation parameters in this population. Methods We prospectively enrolled 43 hospitalized patients with decompensated cirrhosis with (n = 22) or without (n = 21) AKI. Coagulation factor levels, viscoelastic coagulation assay, and thrombin generation assay were performed and compared between these groups and a healthy reference group. Results Conventional markers of coagulation were not statistically different between patients with and without AKI. Factor XIII was significantly reduced in all patients with cirrhosis compared to healthy controls (p = Conclusions Factor XIII was significantly reduced in decompensated cirrhosis patients with AKI compared to decompensated patients without AKI. These findings suggest that exacerbation of factor XIII deficiency in AKI in decompensated cirrhosis may affect bleeding risk and warrants further study.
A Whole-Brain Regression Method to Identify Individual and Group Variations in Functional Connectivity

Abstract Resting-state functional connectivity is an important and widely used measure of individual and group differences. These differences are typically attributed to various demographic and/or clinical factors. Yet, extant statistical methods are limited to linking covariates with variations in functional connectivity across subjects, especially at the voxel-wise level of the whole brain. This paper introduces a generalized linear model method that regresses whole-brain functional connectivity on covariates. Our approach builds on two methodological components. We first employ whole-brain group ICA to reduce the dimensionality of functional connectivity matrices, and then search for matrix variations associated with covariates using covariate assisted principal regression, a recently introduced covariance matrix regression method. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using a resting-state fMRI dataset of a medium-sized cohort of subjects obtained from the Human Connectome Project. The results show that the approach enjoys improved statistical power in detecting interaction effects of sex and alcohol on whole-brain functional connectivity, and in identifying the brain areas contributing significantly to the covariate-related differences in functional connectivity.
Tabletized Supramolecular Assemblies for Sublingual Peptide Immunization

Widespread vaccination is essential to global health. Significant barriers exist to improving vaccine coverage in lower- and middle-income countries, including the costly requirements for cold-chain distribution and trained medical personnel to administer the vaccines. A heat-stable and highly porous tablet vaccine that can be administered sublingually via simple dissolution under the tongue is described. SIMPL tablet vaccines (Supramolecular IMmunization with Peptides subLingually) are produced by freeze-drying a mixture of self-assembling peptide-polymer nanofibers, sugars, and adjuvant. Sublingual immunization with SIMPL tablets raises antibody responses against both a model epitope from ovalbumin and a clinically relevant epitope from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, sublingual antibody responses are not diminished after heating the tablets for 1 week at 45 °C, in contrast to a more conventional carrier vaccine (KLH). This approach directly addresses the need for a heat-stable and easily deliverable vaccine to improve equity in global vaccine coverage.
Referents and Objects: A Parallel between General Semantics and Yogācāra Buddhism

A striking and specific parallel occurs between the “two crucial negative premises” identified by Alfred Korzybski and the two approaches to emptiness in the Yogācāra school of Buddhism. Korzybski: Let us repeat the two crucial negative premises as established firmly by all human experience: (1) Words are not the things we are speaking about; and (2) There is no such thing as an object in absolute isolation. The Yogācāra Emptinesses: 1. An object’s absence of being established by way of its own character as a referent of terminology or of a conceptual consciousness. 2. The emptiness of apprehended-objects and apprehending-subjects existing as different substantial entities.
Treatment outcomes of stage IE intestinal extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma: A National Cancer Database study.

e19530Background: Extra-nodal marginal zone lymphoma is a rare, indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Classically it involves the gastric mucosa and is associated with chronic infection, but it can also b...