cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The costs and benefits of prosecution: a contractualist justification of amnesty

After the cessation of conflict the majority of those involved in violations of international law will not be held criminally accountable. Rather, it is frequently the case that the bulk of perpetr...
Pseudodementia Is Not Always Pseudo: Differentiating Pseudodementia From Korsakoff's Dementia in a Case of Severe Depression.

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is an important disorder for all physicians to recognize, yet thiamine deficiency related to malnutrition or failure to thrive due to psychiatric illness is not a commonly suggested diagnosis or widely discussed in the medical literature. Case Presentation A middle-aged woman with food refusal and apathy related to severe depression is presented. She had no history of excessive alcohol use. She was admitted to the hospital in a stuporous altered mental status and persistent cognitive impairment. The differential diagnosis for proper management meant distinguishing cognitive impairment due to severe depression, also known as pseudodementia, from new onset organic dementia secondary to a thiamine deficiency. Conclusions In a patient with severe depression, pseudodementia and Korsakoff’s dementia can look alike and mislead clinicians delaying appropriate treatment and disposition. The characteristics of pseudodementia as a symptom of depression versus the pathophysiology, presenting signs, diagnosis, and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome will be discussed. This case report highlights the importance of considering WKS as a diagnosis when individuals with psychiatric illness, but without alcohol use, present with encephalopathy.
Crossing Roads with a Computer-generated Agent: Persistent Effects on Perception–Action Tuning

This study investigated how people coordinate their decisions and actions with a risky or safe computer-generated agent in a humanoid or non-humanoid form and how this experience influences later behavior when acting alone. In Experiment 1, participants first repeatedly crossed continuous traffic in a virtual environment with a humanoid computer-generated agent (Figure 1). Participants were specifically instructed to cross with an agent that was programmed to be either safe (taking only large gaps) or risky (also taking relatively small gaps). Participants then repeatedly crossed the same roadway alone. We found that participants’ experiences with crossing safe vs. risky gaps with an agent persisted in later trials when the participants crossed alone, such that participants accepted tighter gaps if they were previously paired with a risky than a safe agent. In Experiment 2 (Figure 2), we tested whether experience crossing with a risky or safe non-humanoid object (a floating box) also influenced later behavior when crossing alone. We again found that participants who crossed with the risky object partner took tighter gaps when later crossing alone than those who crossed with the safe object partner. The Discussion focuses on the impact of experiences with virtual agents on perception–action tuning and the potential of using virtual agents for training safe road-crossing behavior.
"It was just for us": qualitative evaluation of an exercise intervention for African-American couples.

Promoting long-term exercise adherence should be a key focus for health and fitness professionals working to reduce obesity and cardiometabolic health disparities, and all-cause mortality in inactive African-American (AA) adults. Data have suggested that romantic partners can improve long-term exercise adherence and that this dyadic approach should be examined in exercise interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative evaluation of a pilot exercise intervention conducted in older AA couples. Two semi-structured focus groups were utilized to compare participants’ perceptions of and experiences during the pilot intervention across two randomly assigned treatment conditions (exercising together with partner [ET; n = 8] versus exercising separately [ES: n = 6]). Participants (mean age: 64.7 ± 6.8 years) of a previous 12-week pilot exercise intervention (walking ≥3 days/week, 30 min/day plus supervised resistance training 2 days/week) were interviewed. Verbatim transcripts were coded using an open coding approach. Three key themes (intervention value/benefits, intervention difficulties, and suggested improvements) emerged. Although all couples identified health and relationship benefits of the intervention, some differences surfaced within themes across the two intervention groups. Overall, these qualitative data suggest that couples had a positive experience while participating in the pilot study. In addition, key learning points to improve the intervention were identified including a more gradual transition to independent exercise, more flexibility training, and the incorporation of tangential education. These data will help investigators continue to develop the intervention, which is ultimately designed to promote long-term exercise adherence to reduce cardiometabolic health disparities in the AA community.
A humanizing pedagogy of engagement: beliefs and practices of award-winning instructors at a U.S. university

This qualitative study, conducted in the context of a graduate course entitled ‘Teaching Adults,’ investigates the teaching beliefs and practices of eleven award-winning faculty in diverse discipli...
COVID-19 home monitoring program: Healthcare innovation in developing, maintaining, and impacting the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Abstract Introduction The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had caused an increased burden on healthcare organizations. Thus, a new strategy is needed to ensure all COVID-19 positive cases appropriately followed up , to receive the proper medical and psychological support, and to comply with the isolation guidelines. Here, we describe the characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 patients who were managed at home. In addition, we describe the differences between asymptomatic and those with mild symptoms. Materials and methods This is descriptive study of all COVID-19 positive cases who were monitored utilizing the home care concept. Results During the study period from June 8 to October 18, 2020, there was a total of 5368 COVID-19 patients who were referred to the home isolation/monitoring program. Of those, 2397 (45%) were female and 2971 (55%) were male. Of the total cases, 295 (5%) required hospital admission, 45 (1%) were admitted to zone 2 (an intermediate care facility), and the majority 5028 (94%) were continued in the home monitoring program till recovery. Of the total cases, 3137 (59%) were asymptomatic and the remaining 41% were symptomatic. Asymptomatic patients in comparison to symptomatic patients showed significant differences in relation to mean age (+ SD) of 31.5 (+ 18.6) and 46.45 (+ 17.1), respectively (P Conclusion The utilization of home monitoring program was effective and safe in patients who were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms.
Unraveling the genetics of tomato fruit weight during crop domestication and diversification

Six novel fruit weight QTLs were identified in tomato using multiple bi-parental populations developed from ancestral accessions. Beneficial alleles at these loci arose in semi-domesticated subpopulations and were likely left behind. This study paves the way to introgress these alleles into breeding programs. The size and weight of edible organs have been strongly selected during crop domestication. Concurrently, human have also focused on nutritional and cultural characteristics of fruits and vegetables, at times countering selective pressures on beneficial size and weight alleles. Therefore, it is likely that novel improvement alleles for organ weight still segregate in ancestral germplasm. To date, five domestication and diversification genes affecting tomato fruit weight have been identified, yet the genetic basis for increases in weight has not been fully accounted for. We found that fruit weight increased gradually during domestication and diversification, and semi-domesticated subpopulations featured high phenotypic and nucleotide diversity. Columella and septum fruit tissues were proportionally increased, suggesting targeted selection. We developed twenty-one F2 populations with parents fixed for the known fruit weight genes, corresponding to putative key transitions from wild to fully domesticated tomatoes. These parents also showed differences in fruit weight attributes as well as the developmental timing of size increase. A subset of populations was targeted for QTL-seq, leading to the identification of six uncloned fruit weight QTLs. Three QTLs, located on chromosomes 1, 2 and 3, were subsequently validated by progeny testing. By exploring the segregation of the known fruit weight genes and the identified QTLs, we estimated that most beneficial alleles in the newly identified loci arose in semi-domesticated subpopulations from South America and were not likely transmitted to fully domesticated landraces. Therefore, these alleles could be incorporated into breeding programs using the germplasm and genetic resources identified in this study.
SIR-B ocean-wave enhancement with fast Fourier transform techniques

Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-B) imagery is Fourier filtered to remove the estimated system-transfer function, reduce speckle noise, and produce ocean scenes with a gray scale that is proportional to wave height. The SIR-B system response to speckled scenes of uniform surfaces yields an estimate of the stationary wavenumber response of the imaging radar, modeled by the 15 even terms of an eighth-order two-dimensional polynomial. Speckle can also be used to estimate the dynamic wavenumber response of the system due to surface motion during the aperture synthesis period, modeled with a single adaptive parameter describing an exponential correlation along track. A Fourier filter can then be devised to correct for the wavenumber response of the remote sensor and scene correlation, with subsequent subtraction of an estimate of the speckle noise component. A linearized velocity bunching model, combined with a surface tilt and hydrodynamic model, is incorporated in the Fourier filter to derive estimates of wave height from the radar intensities corresponding to individual picture elements.
Cost-benefit analysis and the distribution of income

This chapter presents a discussion on the cost–benefit analysis and distribution of income. Cost–benefit analysis should rank projects according to their contributions to social welfare, and it can only do this if it includes the distributional consequences of the various projects. Ignoring distributional considerations is vastly simpler but it limits cost–benefit analysis to an exercise in efficiency. One long standing view of cost–benefit analysis holds that it is only meant to rank projects on the basis of their relative efficiency—that is, their aggregate present values. The chapter presents the justification for ignoring distributional considerations. Four arguments are used to justify the ignorance of distributional considerations beyond the point that it greatly simplifies the analysis. One argument is in a negative vein and three are in a positive vein. A possible justification to argue for all practical purposes is that the economy is equivalent to a one-consumer economy. This requires either that all consumers have identical or homothetic preferences or the government is continuously redistributing income lump-sum to satisfy the first-best interpersonal equity conditions so that social marginal utilities of income are identical for all people.
Hydrothermal syntheses and structural characterization of zeolite analogue compounds based on cobalt phosphate

Zeolite analogues containing transition metals are highly desirable for industrial processes. A generalized synthesis method has been developed and demonstrated to have the potential to generate many transition-metal-rich zeolite-type structures. The method has been used to make zeolite analogues based on cobalt phosphate with diverse chemical compositions and structure types, including some analogues never previously synthesized and some zeolite-like structures only previously known theoretically. The concentrations of transition-metal atoms in the frameworks can be controlled by varying the charge and geometry of the structure-directing amine molecules.
The Electrochemistry of the CC, CO and CN Groups

1 Introduction 2 General Considerations 3 Alkenes (CC Compounds) 4 CN Compounds 5 Carbonyl (CO) Compounds 6 Acknowledgments Keywords: electrochemistry of CC, CO and CN groups; anodic oxidation; electroenzymatic synthesis; carbonyl (CO) compounds; cathodic reduction; electroenzymatic synthesis; aldehydes and ketones; carboxylic acids and acid derivatives
Is there a unit root in U.S. real GNP?: A re-assessment

Abstract To avoid the controversy surrounding the Dickey–Fuller tests for unit roots, this paper estimates a flexible trend model for U.S. GNP. Four different data sets that span the years 1869–1991 are used. For all sub-periods, and for all series there is strong evidence of a stochastic trend.
Cholinergic neuronotrophic factors. III. Developmental increase of trophic activity for chick embryo ciliary ganglion neurons in their intraocular target tissues.

Abstract Between stages 34 and 40 in the chick embryo, the ciliary ganglion (CG) undergoes a 50% loss of neurons. Such neuronal death is a common feature in neural development and it has been proposed that neurons are dependent for survival on trophic support from their target tissues. Using an in vitro bioassay it was previously shown in this laboratory that trophic activity for CG neurons is highly concentrated in eye structures containing CG target tissues. In the present study we have found that trophic activity in the eye increases markedly between stages 37 and 39, the time when neuronal death in the ciliary ganglion is ending. Thus, a developmental increase in trophic activity within the eye may be involved in determining neuronal survival in the CG. Furthermore, this study provides the first indication that the trophic content of target tissue is itself developmentally regulated.
Ultrastructure of the Brenner tumor.

Abstract A typical Brenner tumor of the ovary was studied with the electron microscope. The most prominent features of the epithelial cells were expanded intercellular spaces containing interdigitating cytoplasmic processes, numerous desmosomes, and cytoplasm containing many large mitochondria, free ribosomes, and phagolysosomes. The stromal cells were of two types; one type was interpreted as fibroblasts, and the other as functionally active ovarian cortical stromal cells. These latter cells may indicate discrete, subclinical hormonal function, despite the absence of clinical or light microscopic evidence of hormonal activity in this case. On the basis of ultrastructural and other evidence, it is concluded that the Brenner tumor is probably derived from the coelomic surface epithelium of the ovary.
Improving communication between doctors and parents after newborn screening.

Background Newborn screening (NBS) enables early treatment and some consider it a natural vehicle for genetic screening. Bioethicists argue for caution since families of carrier infants can develop psychosocial complications. This paper describes methods and feasibility of our statewide project for quality improvement of communication and psychosocial outcomes after NBS.
Mortality Following Conjugal Bereavement and the Effects of a Shared Environment

The effect of bereavement on mortality among surviving spouses was examined in a cohort of 12,522 spouse pairs belonging to a prepaid health care plan in northern California. Both spouses were examined and completed a questionnaire between 1964 and 1973, and they were followed for mortality through 1987. Between 1964 and 1987, 1,453 men (12%) and 3,294 women (26%) were bereaved; 440 bereaved men (30%) and 510 women (15%) died during follow-up. Mortality following bereavement was significantly elevated in both men and women after adjusting for age, education, and other predictors of mortality in proportional hazards analyses. The highest relative risks (RRs) of mortality occurred 7-12 months following bereavement. Among women, the RR was 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.35-2.71) 7-12 months after bereavement. Among men, the effect of bereavement interacted with prior health status as follows: In men with few health problems, the RR of mortality was 2.12 (95% CI 1.42-3.17); men with many health problems had a RR of 1.56 (95% CI 0.98-2.55) 7-12 months after bereavement. In both men and women, the RR declined after the first year of bereavement but remained above 1.0 for more than 2 years after bereavement. The addition of terms reflecting the influence of the other spouse's characteristics and behaviors did not alter the RR of mortality, indicating no effect of a shared unfavorable environment on mortality following bereavement.
Programmed Alterations in Hypothalamic Neuronal Orexigenic Responses to Ghrelin Following Gestational Nutrient Restriction

Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) offspring exhibit increased appetite and a propensity to adult obesity. Although the rate of newborn catch-up growth may determine the programming of adult obesity, there is little understanding of mechanisms by which orexigenic pathways are modified. Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that acts in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei. To examine potential programming effects of IUGR, ghrelin’s actions on ARC and VMH neurons were studied in brain slices of adult offspring previously subjected to maternal food restriction (FR) during pregnancy (FR/AdLib [ad libitum]) and both pregnancy and lactation (FR/FR). FR/FR offspring demonstrated increased baseline neuronal firing frequency in both ARC and VMH when compared with both FR/AdLib and control offspring. Among FR/AdLib pups that exhibit hyperphagia and obesity, ghrelin excited more and inhibited fewerARC neurons when compared with either FR/FR or controls. These results provide evidence of programming of orexigenic/anorexigenic mechanisms depending on the nutrient levels during pregnancy and newbor periods.
Some applications of neutron activation for the analysis of human bone

Summary Non-destructive methods for the determination of fluorine, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, aluminium, vanadium and manganese in human bone by neutron activation techniques are described. These are useful for analysis of small biopsy samples removed from patients in renal failure. Fluorine is first determined by the reaction 19 F(n,2n) 18F , with 14-MeV neutrons from a Cockcroft-Walton accelerator. After decay of 110-min 18 F the remaining elements are determined by further irradiation with thermal neutrons followed by γ-spectrometry with a least-squares fitting technique for spectral resolution.
Self-assembly and two-dimensional patterning of cell arrays by electrophoretic deposition.

Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a demonstration system, we present a method to form two-dimensional, patternable cellular arrays. The method does not require surface chemical templating of the substratum to produce arrays or patterns. By virtue of their colloidal characteristics, S. cerevisiae cells may be induced to form dense, quasi-ordered two-dimensional clusters adjacent to an electrode surface by electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Using ac EPD, dense two-dimensional cell clusters may be formed in minutes from extremely dilute cell suspensions. The arrays may be induced to form geometric patterns by focusing the electric field during deposition. These monolayer arrays are reversible, dissipating by diffusion on removal of the electric field, and are not in adhesive contact with the electrode surface. Brief application of a modest dc current density adheres the arrays tightly to the surface.
Gauge-gravity duals with a holomorphic dilaton

We consider configurations of D7-branes and whole and fractional D3-branes with $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetry. On the supergravity side these have a warp factor, three-form flux and a nonconstant dilaton. We discuss general type IIB solutions of this type and then obtain the specific solutions for the D7-D3 system. On the gauge side the D7-branes add matter in the fundamental representation of the D3-brane gauge theory. We find that the gauge and supergravity metrics on moduli space agree. However, in many cases the supergravity curvature is large even when the gauge theory is strongly coupled. In these cases we argue that the useful supergravity dual must be a type IIA configuration.
Irradiation Disinfestation of Asparagus Spears Contaminated with Brachycorynella asparagi (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Asparagus spears infested with the aphid Brachycorynella asparagi (Mordvilko) were used to determine effects of gamma irradiation upon aphids. At 20, all second instars died at doses as low as 5 Gy; adults died at doses above 10 Gy. Doses above 80 Gy prevented both the molt from fourth instar to adult and the production of progeny by adults. No live progeny were produced at doses above 10 Gy. At 2.2, 3- to 6-fold increases in dose or time after treatment were required to achieve effects seen at 20. Results suggest that a dose of 100 Gy applied at 20 would suffice as a quarantine treatment.
Apollo 12 clinopyroxenes - Exsolution and epitaxy

Apollo 12 clinopyroxenes exsolution and epitaxy by electron microprobe and single crystal X ray diffraction
Once More “The Friedsam Annunciation and the Problem of the Ghent Altarpiece”

In Replying to Hermann Beenken's article in the last volume of this periodical1 I shall not go into his remarks on the difference between the “intellectual-speculative construction of theories” and the “connoisseurship of the trained eye,” nor shall I resume the debate on the stylistic problems connected with the brothers van Eyck. There is no point in discussing the principles of connoisseurship with a scholar who exemplifies the decisive step in the development of fourteenth century portrait sculpture by works executed around 18502 and now lays down the law about a picture he has never seen. To dwell further on the stylistic differences between Jan and Hubert van Eyck does not seem fruitful as long as the very date, let alone the attribution of the main G and the main H miniatures in the Heures de Turin-Milan remain a matter of controversy, as long as pictures like the Man with the Pink (executed at the very end of the fifteenth century) are counted among the genuine works of Jan, and as long as the mos...
Water and protein movement in the sheep lung after septic shock: Effect of colloid versus crystalloid resuscitation☆

Abstract The pulmonary effects of colloid vs crystalloid solutions in resuscitation from septic shock remain controversial. Previous work by us showed increased albumin extravasation in the lung and increased mortality in baboons resuscitated with plasmanate (PL) compared to Ringer's lactate (RL). The present experiments were done using the Staub sheep model to provide correlation of pulmonary lymph flow and lymph protein concentration with hemodynamic and lung water changes. Seventeen sheep were studied; 5 were controls and 12 received 5 × 108 organisms per kilogram live E. coli intravenously and were observed for a 2-hr shock period followed by a 2-hr resuscitation period. PL or RL was administered in sufficient volume to maintain left atrial pressure at 12 cm H2O. Pulmonary, left atrial, systemic arterial, and venous pressures, extravascular lung water (EVLW), pulmonary lymph flow ( Q L ), and lymph (L Alb) and plasma albumin (P Alb) concentrations were measured every 30 min during shock and resuscitation. Microvascular pressure (Pmv) was calculated. Q L and Pmv did not differ in the PL and RL groups. Q L was directly proportional to Pmv in all animals, indicating that resistance to lymph flow is constant and independent of Pmv or treatment regimen. P Alb, L Alb, L Alb flux, and EVLW were significantly different (P Q L did not differ in the PL and RL groups and did not contribute to the increased edema in the PL group.
Measuring activity levels associated with rehabilitative care in hospitalized older adults

Older adults often experience functional losses during hospitalization. Clinical care activities have been increasingly promoted as a way to help older hospitalized patients offset these losses and recover from acute illness. Little research exists to objectively measure clinical care activities. This study evaluated the utility and feasibility of using the Actiheart, a combined heart rate monitor and accelerometer, to measure heart rate and motion (activity counts) during five clinical care activities. Fifty-four adults, aged 65 and older, scheduled for surgery, participated in a simulation of activities. The Actiheart successfully measured motion and heart rate during each of the five activities. One-way repeated measures analyses of variance showed that the Actiheart discriminated significant differences within and across the five activities. This study supports the use of an activity monitor to quantify clinical care activities in research studies that can be translated into clinical care. However, the complexity associated with data collection and analysis using the Actiheart could limit its direct use in clinical research.
Patient noncompliance before surgery.

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 OBJECTIVE To assess patient compliance with preoperative instructions and to determine causes and factors of noncompliance, as noncompliance might affect surgical outcome and has potential medicolegal implications. PATIENTS AND METHODS One surgeon counselled 101 consecutive patients before undergoing laparoscopic renal surgery. Deliberate discussions instructed patients to bring their radiograph films on the day of surgery and complete a preoperative bowel preparation. Noncompliance was defined as failure to bring films and/or complete bowel preparation. Patient demographics, socio-economic and clinical variables were analysed, and reasons for failure to comply with instructions were also recorded. RESULTS Twenty-four of the 101 (24%) patients were not compliant, 13 with films only, seven with bowel preparation only, and four with both sets of instructions. Univariate analysis showed that language and race were factors for noncompliance. Multivariate analysis showed that non-Caucasians had 17 times the risk of noncompliance (P < 0.001); long distance from home to the site of care had five times the risk of noncompliance (P = 0.041), and each day between the initial consultation and the date of surgery had 1.05 times the risk of noncompliance (P < 0.001). The most common reason given by patients for noncompliance was that they were never given the preoperative instructions. CONCLUSIONS Noncompliance with preoperative surgical instructions is a significant issue and is increased in non-Caucasian patients, those travelling long distances, and those whose surgery date is long after their preoperative consultation. A systems-based approach is needed to address this significant issue.
The toxicology of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP): a brief review.

Abstract The accumulating data demonstrating the reproductive toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) are reviewed. The sentinel event was the discovery of infertility in male pesticide manufacturing workers. In spite of early evidence of testicular damage, first in laboratory animals and later in humans, DBCP has been widely used as a nematocide in the United States and is still used in other countries. The spermatogenic effects of DBCP are usually irreversible, and there is also evidence of toxicity to the female reproductive system. DBCP is also a CNS depressant, a liver and kidney toxin, and a skin, eye, and respiratory irritant, and is probably carcinogenic. Environmental contamination of air and water may be an additional source of exposure. Materials often used to protect workers from toxic chemicals are not being deployed for use by exposed workers, and in any case are relatively in effective.
The optimal aviation gasoline tax for U.S. general aviation

Abstract This study estimates the optimal aviation gasoline tax for U.S. general aviation that takes into account the accident, lead pollution, and greenhouse gas emission externalities, as well as the balance between excise taxes and labor taxes to finance government spending. The calculated optimal tax rate is $3.60 gal−1, which is over 18 times greater than the current tax rate and 5 times greater than the Federal Aviation Administration proposed tax rate. The Pigovian component is $0.89, and we observe that the accident externality is taxed more severely than the pollution externality. The largest component of the optimal tax rate is the Ramsey component at $2.70, which reflects the ability of the government to raise revenue from a price inelastic good like aviation gasoline. The optimal tax is estimated to reduce lead emissions by 9%, greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 18% and accidents by 17%.
Use of a t-statistic as an approximation to the exact distribution of the wildcoxon signed ranks test statistic

An approximation to the exact distribution of the Wilcoxon signed ranks test statistic based on the one-sample t-test applied to ranks is compared with the usual normal approximation. A second approximation based on a linear combination of the normal statistic and the t-statistic is introduced. The normal approximation tends to result in a conservative test in the tails, while the Student's t approximation tends to be liberal. The average of the two statistics provides a test that usually has an alpha level as close as possible to the α-levels .05, .025, .01 and .005, for values of n < 50 (only cases examined).
The interplay of information technology and the social milieu

Reviews the influence of Giddens’ structuration theory on information technology and implementation studies, highlighting how the interaction between the technology and the wider social setting have often been neglected. Offers Giddens’ conception of plural structural rules and resources as a possible framework for analyzing this interaction. Uses the proposed framework to analyze the introduction of computers into an agro‐industrial organization in a less‐developed country. Shows that different social and organizational conditions influence the process of IT implementation, but at the same time this process reinforces or transforms the structural configurations over time. Thus, highlights the role that IT plays in social setting transformation.
Thematic moment analysis: A didactic application of a procedure for phenomenological analysis of narrative data

Abstract Following in the theoretical and methodological roots of the ‘Duquesne school,’ this work presents a procedure for the phenomenological analysis of narrative data. After describing its ‘approach,’ this work lays out the procedure for ‘thematic moment analysis’ using the work of Giorgi as a point of reference. Idiographic results of single datum of being afraid are presented along with the steps through which this ‘idiographic thematic narrative’ was developed. Procedures for arriving at ‘comparative analysis’ of more than one piece of data are presented and distinguished from claims of generality sought by works drawing on larger data pools. Finally, this work discusses issues of internal and external validity both specifically in regards to the ‘thematic moments’ procedure and in terms of phenomenological research in general.
Perspectives for Understanding Negotiation: Viewing Negotiation as a Judgmental Process

Bargaining and negotiation research has traditionally been of significant interest to those in the industrial relations field. The current work in this area may be divided into four common perspectives: economic models, structural effects, personality differences in negotiators, and behavioral systems approaches. These approaches, however, do not explain the failure of negotiators to reach mutually beneficial agreements. To complement the existing literature, a fifth framework is proposed. Viewing negotiation as a decisionmaking process is posited to explain, in part, the negotiators' failure to reach such agreements.
Mechanism of high-temperature lubrication of ceramics by deposits from organic vapors

While lubrication of hot-pressed silicon nitride surfaces at temperatures between 350 and 650°C by carbons deposited from carbonaceous gases and vapors has been demonstrated to be very effective (friction coefficients of less than 0.02 and negligible wear), a chemical mechanism has not yet been established. Tribometer experiments followed by surface spectroscopies of Raman, fluorescence, Auger and XPS are consistent with a heterogeneous mechanism of vapor decomposition. Laser-induced photoluminescence determined with a Raman spectrometer using 514 nm argon ion excitation showed a nearly 1 ∶: 1 correspondence between the intensity of the broad maximum near 4000 cm-1 with carbon adsorption and lubrication efficiency: surfaces of low fluorescence could not be lubricated by ethylene or similar gases. Carbon was found to adsorb preferentially on wear tracks, which also exhibited very high fluorescence. Wear track surfaces generally exhibited a lower N/Si surface composition ratio than the surrounding surfaces. The reduced nitrogen content could be responsible for dangling bonds and structural defects, which would result in more chemisorption and strong fluorescence.
Longevity and Mortality Distributions of Mice With and Without X-Ray Exposure to 45 Generations of Male Progenitors

SummaryLongevity and mortality distributions were observed on two H-2 genotype substrains of mice within each of two lines. Two substrains (H-2f and H-2k) were from 45 generations of X-irradiated male progenitors, and two were from nonirradiated progenitors with the same degree of inbreeding. Lifespan differed significantly for H-2 genotypes within the two lines but not for the same genotypes between lines. It was concluded that life shortening was not a genetic consequence of 45 generations of exposure to over 4500 times the background radiation level. The data also suggest a single-gene effect on longevity.
The stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell division in chondrocytes and 3T3 cells by a growth factor isolated from cartilage

Abstract A growth factor which stimulates DNA synthesis and cell division in resting monolayers of bovine chondrocytes and confluent BALB/c 3T3 cells has been extracted from bovine scapular cartilage and partially purified. Chromatography by gel filtration in the presence of 4 M guanidine hydrochloride indicates that the growth factor has a molecular weight of approx. 11000 to 13000 D. Ion exchange chromatography indicates that the growth factor is cationic. The biological activity of the cartilage-derived growth factor is destroyed by trypsin digestion but not by incubation with 2-mercaptoethanol. The stimulation of cell division in BALB/c 3T3 cells is accompanied by changes in cell morphology.
Menopause and Heart Disease

A large number of studies of disparate design are reasonably consistent in demonstrating that women with early bilateral oophorectomy are at increased risk of coronary heart disease. The evidence for an increase in risk among women with a surgical menopause but without bilateral oophorectomy is inconclusive, but such an effect, if any, could plausibly be explained by decreased ovarian function in many of those women as a consequence of the surgery. These findings, taken together with the lack of excess risk in women with bilateral oophorectomy who take replacement estrogen, support the view that the increased risk is due to estrogen deficiency. This view is further supported by the improvement in the lipid profile induced by estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Because ovarian function begins to decline well before menopause, and continues to decline after menopause, it is not surprising that the moment of menopause is not associated with an abrupt increase in risk of heart disease. Moreover, some time is required for the adverse changes in coronary risk factors that occur during the climacteric to be reflected in increased rates of coronary disease. Although natural menopause does not cause an immediate increase in risk of heart disease, it does signal a period of increasing risk that is probably related both to age and to estrogen deficiency.
AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 mediated prostaglandin D2 metabolism augments the PI3K/Akt proliferative signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells.

Abstract Members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily have been implicated in prostaglandin (PG) metabolism and prostate cancer. AKR1C3 possesses 11-ketoprostaglandin reductase activity and is capable of converting PGD2 to 9α, 11β-PGF2α, whereas AKR1C2-mediated PG metabolism remains unclear. The accumulation of PGF2α may generate proliferative signals to promote prostate cell growth. Levels of AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 expression are elevated in localized and advanced prostate cancer. To study the significance of AKR1C2- and AKR1C3-mediated PGD2 conversion in human prostate cell proliferation, we stably transfected androgen insensitive human prostate cancer PC-3 cells with AKR1C2 or AKR1C3 cDNA. PC-3 cells overexpressing AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 had elevated cell proliferation in response to PGD2 stimulation as compared to mock transfectants. Overexpression of AKR1C2 or AKR1C3 did not alter levels of PGF receptor (FP) expression. Inclusion of an FP antagonist (AL8810) significantly suppressed PGD2-stimulated PC-3 cell proliferation in these stable transfectants. In addition, PGD2 significantly elevated levels of total Akt protein expression and Akt Ser(473) phosphorylation in AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 stable transfectants; and inclusion of a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) chemical inhibitor (LY294002) attenuated PGD2-stimulated cell proliferation in these transfectants. Our results suggested that both AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 mediate similar PGD2 conversion toward the accumulation of proliferative signals through FP and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways to promote prostate cell proliferation.
Embracing the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics: An Inquiry into the Pedagogical and Instructional Practices of Mathematics Teachers in High-Poverty Middle Schools.

Principles and Standards for School Mathematics outlines essential features crucial to teaching mathematics so that all students have opportunities to learn mathematics content with conceptual understanding. Although the document outlines extensive goals for the teaching and learning of mathematics, the majority of classrooms fall short in its implementation, especially high-poverty middle schools. Therefore, the authors investigated the mathematics pedagogical and instructional skills of sixty-four in-service teachers who teach in high-poverty middle schools (grades six through eight). The results indicated that although the subjects are implementing a variety of practices, lecture, drill and practice, and teacher-directed instruction continue to dominate many high-poverty classrooms.
Estimation of Genetic Variance in Corn from F1 Performance with and without Pedigree Relationships among Inbred Lines

Estimates of genetic variance are needed for ranking of inbred lines for selection and for prediction of response to selection. The objectives of this study were to determine whether including relationships among inbred lines affects estimates of genetic variance and whether random association among inbred lines mated together affects estimates. Genetic variance was estimated with different models with restricted maximum likelihood for eight traits from matings of inbred lines from two heterotic groups (Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic, SSS, and unrelated to SSS, NSSS) of corn (Zea mays I.,). For each comparison relationships among one or both of the inbred lines were either considered or ignored. With relationships ignored, variance due to inbred line effects was reduced on average by 33% for SSS inbred lines and 18% for NSSS inbred lines. Estimates were also reduced for variance of SSS inbred lines by 11 to 41% when calculations were done with effects of NSSS inbred lines considered to be fixed and to 31% for variance of NSSS inbred lines with SSS inbred lines considered fixed. The increase in variance with relationships among inbred lines considered indicates that potential gain from selection would he greater than predicted from estimates of variance due to line effects calculated ignoring relationships among lines. Estimates of inbred line variance within a heterotic group were usually smaller when lines in the other group were considered fixed. This result suggests that variance due to line effects can be inflated due to association of inbred lines between heterotic groups.
Absorption of ferritin by cells of the digestive gland in Nassarius tegula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia).

Abstract Within 12 min after the prosobranch snail, Nassarius, begins feeding on ferritin-labeled food, ferritin reaches the lumen of the digestive gland and is absorbed by the digestive cells lining the gland. Within the digestive cells, the ferritin is present in coated pinocytotic vesicles, in microvesicles and in macrovesicles. It is probable that ferritin (and components of the food as well) progresses rapidly in order from the gland lumen to the pinocytotic vesicles to the microvesicles to the macrovesicles. The macro vesicles are presumably an important site of intracellular digestion.
Profit-maximizing communities and the theory of local public expenditures: Comment☆

Abstract It is argued that Sonstelie and Portney's proof that property-value maximization by each local community leads to Pareto efficient supplies of public goods is incorrect. In their analysis, property-value maximization is equivalent to profit maximization by communities. They contend that less than maximum levels of profits would lead to lower utility levels for consumers. However, in their proof, Sonstelie and Portney do not correctly characterize the implications of utility maximization. When those implications are correctly stated, their proof no longer holds.
Hand-assisted laparoscopic autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty

Background: Autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty has been previously performed successfully. This set of experiments was conducted to determine the feasibility of performing autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty laparoscopically. Methods: Hand-assisted laparoscopic autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty was performed on 15 mongrel dogs. The surgery was carried out with two 10-mm trocars and a 6-cm Pfannenstiel incision. The gastric wedge, supplied by the right gastroepiploic artery, was resected with two applications of an endoscopic gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) stapler. The pedicle was demucosalized, and the anastomosis to the bladder was completed through the Pfannenstiel incision. Results: All of the dogs were successfully treated laparoscopically and were eating at 48 h. There was no evidence of anastomotic leak dehiscence at the gastric resection staple line. Conclusion: Hand-assisted laparoscopic autoaugmentation gastrocystoplasty can be performed successfully in dogs. This operation may offer a superior alternative to standard bladder autoaugmentation procedures in children suffering from congenital bladder disorders.
Introduction to MiniBooNE and charged-current quasi-elastic results

The MiniBooNE experiment is described together with the procedures used to obtain a result for ! e oscillations. (The oscillation results are described in the companion talk of M. Sorel.) Results are given here for the charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) cross section, n ! p. It is found that the simple relativistic Fermi gas nuclear model with Fermi momentum, PF = 220 MeV/c and binding energy EB = 34 MeV is insucient to describe the reaction for any values of the axial vector mass MA. It was found necessary to add a new empirical Pauli blocking parameter, . With this new term, the best values found were MA = 1:23 0:20 GeV and = 1:019 0:011.
Thirst for energy

Power generation as well as the production of fuels for transportation requires water, and the supply of high-quality freshwater is energy intensive. A growing population and climate change will increase the pressure on both resources.
Seizure‐induced basal dendrites on granule cells

Seizure-induced hilar basal dendrites on dentate granule cells are observed in several rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Ultrastructural evidence showed that basal dendrites receive predominantly excitatory synapses, including many from mossy fibers. Such highly interconnected granule cells with basal dendrites are suggested to enhance hyperexcitability within the dentate network. For an expanded treatment of this topic see Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies, Fourth Edition (Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, Olsen RW, Delgado-Escueta AV, eds) published by Oxford University Press (available on the National Library of Medicine Bookshelf [NCBI] at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books).
Permutation polynomials and nonsingular feedback shift registers over finite fields

A necessary and sufficient condition is established for nonsingularity of a feedback shift-register of degree at most two over a finite field. Several relations between permutation polynomials and nonsingular feedback shift-registers over finite fields are also studied. Four theorems are given and discussed. >
Conceptualizing culture as commodity: The problem of television

Critical inquiries into television generally focus either on the industrial organization of television or the symbolic world of television. In this way, scholars have addressed television partially, leaving unexplored the connections between the symbolic and the economic which together constitute television as a contradictory institution. By integrating these two approaches, however, scholars can theorize television as simultaneously a commodity and an artifact, presenting ideology and culture, that is manufactured and created for consumption and interpretation by an audience and publics. Using these five categories of analysis, scholars can better serve the public by providing information illuminating these relations.
Dynamic expression of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 over the course of murine lung development

Postnatal lung development requires coordination of three processes (surface area expansion, microvascular growth, and matrix remodeling). Because normal elastin structure is important for lung mor...
Reaction of MnIII,IV (hydr)oxides with oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, phosphonoformic acid, and structurally-related organic compounds

Abstract Phosphonoformic acid, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, and 10 additional organic compounds that are structurally related to them have been reacted with synthetic MnO2 (birnessite), consisting of 22% MnIII and 78% MnIV, and synthetic MnOOH (manganite), consisting solely of MnIII. Significant concentrations of dissolved MnIII were detected in reactions of phosphonoformic acid with MnOOH, indicating that ligand-assisted dissolution took place. Reaction of phosphonoformic acid with MnO2, and reaction of all other organic reactants with either MnOOH or MnO2, yielded only MnII, indicating that reductive dissolution was predominant. As far as reductive dissolution reactions are concerned, MnO2 yields a range of reactivity that is nearly 20-times greater than that of MnOOH. Oxidation converts phosphonoformic acid into orthophosphate ion, glyoxylic acid into formic acid, pyruvic acid into acetic acid, and 2,3-butanedione into acetic acid. When differences in surface area loading are accounted for, oxalic acid, pyruvic acid, and 2,3-butanedione yield virtually the same dissolution rates for the two (hydr)oxides. At pH 5.0, glyoxylic acid reacts 14-times faster with MnO2 than with MnOOH. MnO2 reacts more slowly than MnOOH by a factor of 1/16th with oxamic acid, 1/20th with lactic acid, and 1/33rd with dimethyl oxalate. Adsorptive, complexant, and reductant properties of the 13 organic reactants are believed responsible for the observed reactivity differences.