cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biochemical lesion in Dilantin-induced erythroid aplasia.

Clinical and biochemical studies are reported in a patient who developed pure red cell aplasia after 2 years therapy with Dilantin but in whom aplasia could subsequently be induced with 4-5 Gm. of the drug. Recovery occurred regularly when the drug was discontinued. The administration of 1500 ml. of patient’s plasma obtained during the aplastic phase to a normal volunteer with Dilantin had no effect on the recipient’s reticulocyte count, number of nucleated red cells in his bone marrow, or Fe 59 clearance. Attempts to demonstrate binding of gamma globulin to the patient’s nucleated red cells in the presence of Dilantin by immunofluorescence technic were unsuccessful. Dilantin, in a concentration of 20 µg./ml. in vitro, caused significant inhibition of the uptake of C 14 formate, glycine, adenine, orotic acid, and uridine into DNA but not into RNA of patient’s bone marrow studied when fully recovered. There was no effect on the uptake of deoxyuridine or thymidine. The Dilantin effect was specific to the erythroid cells as shown by radioautographic studies and by the absence of inhibition when these cells were absent from the bone marrow. Vitamin B 12 and folinic aci dgiven to the patient in large doses did not reverse the hematologic effects of Dilantin. The daily intravenous administration of all four deoxyribonucleosides, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine had a suggestive, but not clear-cut, effect. In an effort to examine a possible relationship of the pure red cell aplasia in this patient to riboflavin metabolism, the patient was started simultaneously on Dilantin and riboflavin. Dilantin was now without effect. However, the patient remains refractory to Dilantin a year after riboflavin was discontinued. It is concluded that Dilantin exerted its toxic effect in this patient by specifically inhibiting DNA synthesis in erythroid cells probably at the step of deoxyribotide formation. The role of riboflavin in the development of resistance to the toxic effect of Dilantin in this patient remains uncertain.
Recent Charm from CLEO

We present some recent results in rare charm decays from CLEO Collaboration. The data used were collected by the CLEO II and III detectors at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). A brief future outlook for the CESR-c/CLEO-c program is also presented.
The Supreme Court and Evidence Of Discrimination: A Comparison Of Death Penalty and Employment Discrimination Cases

This paper examines the U.S. Supreme Court's use of social science. The paper begins by tracing the historical use of social science evidence by the Court. The crux of the paper is a comparison of how the Court has used social science evidence in death penalty, death qualified jury cases and employment discrimination cases. The examination reveals that the Court does not consistently rely on or accept social science. Regarding death penalty cases, the Court has consistently elaborated why it should not accept social science evidence that demonstrated the lack of a deterrent value and the inconsistent nature in which the death penalty is sought and applied. This is compared to the relative ease at which the Court accepts social science evidence demonstrating employment discrimination. The paper concluded with a discussion as to why these inconsistencies exist.
Molecular dynamics simulation of a phosphatidylglycerol membrane

Although molecular dynamics simulations are an important tool for studying membrane systems, relatively few simulations have used anionic lipids. This paper reports the first simulation of a pure phosphatidylglycerol (PG) bilayer. The properties of this equilibrated palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol membrane agree with experimental observations of PG membranes and with previous simulations of monolayers and mixed bilayers containing PG lipids. These simulations also provide interesting insights into hydrogen bonding interactions in PG membranes. This equilibrated membrane will be a useful starting point for simulations of membrane proteins interacting with PG lipids.
Optimal power assignment to minimize the average delay in hybrid-ARQ protocols

In this paper, the optimal power assignment strategy is determined for hybrid automatic-repeat-request (H-ARQ) protocols such that the average delay of the protocol is minimized for any given total transmission power budget and any targeted outage probability. A set of equations is derived that describe the optimal transmission power sequence and its optimality is shown based on the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) Theorem. The set of equations enables an exact recursive calculation of the optimal transmission power per round, and the calculation complexity is fixed regardless of the maximum number of (re)transmission rounds allowed in the H-ARQ protocol. Compared to the conventional equal power assignment strategy, the optimal power assignment scheme achieves the same average delay with much less total transmission power. More importantly, for certain power budget levels, the optimal power assignment can make the H-ARQ protocol work while the equal power assignment cannot. Extensive numerical results are presented to illustrate the theoretical development.
Development of an ultraviolet proportional counter with potential for faint FUV line emission observations

We present the results of developing a Lyman alpha blind detector for (λ 1000-1100 A). This detector has potential applications to astrophysical FUV emission observations, particularly the O VI doublet at 1037.62 and 1031.93 A. By filling the detector with a gas whose ionization potential is above the energy of the bright Lyα airglow line at 10.2eV we hoped to produce an FUV detector that is Lyα blind. Propane (C 3 H 8 ) and acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) were tested as potential gas fillers. Both gases were found to have significant sensitivity to the Lyα line, either because of impurities in the gas or from dissociation products formed from Lyα photons, and therefore the detector did not provide the ~10 7 suppression of Lyα that is necessary to directly detect faint, diffuse FUV emission. When filled with acetylene the detector is 13 times more sensitive to Ar 1067 A (a proxy for the O VI 1038 and 1032 A doublet lines) than to Lyα and when filled with propane the detector is 3 times more sensitive to the argon line. The detector has a quantum efficiency of about 7% at 1067 A with either gas and may hold promise for a completely Lyα blind FUV detector if a suitable gas is found.
Interpersonal attraction as a joint function of primacy and recency effects

Empirical primacy-recency inconsistencies between Byrne’s reinforcement affect model of attraction and Anderson’s information integration model of personality impression formation were explored. Thirty-six male and female Ss gave attraction responses to sequences of blocks of similar and dissimilar attitudes arranged in increasing or decreasing proportions of similarity and increasing or decreasing levels of topic importance. Results generally supported the hypothesis that attraction is a joint function of the proportion of similar attitudes within each block (recency) and cumulative proportion of similar attitudes before each response (primacy). This joint occurrence of primacy and recency effects was interpreted in terms of an affect neutralization hypothesis.
Changes in the Min Oscillation Pattern before and after Cell Birth

The Min system regulates the positioning of the cell division site in many bacteria. In Escherichia coli, MinD migrates rapidly from one cell pole to the other. In conjunction with MinC, MinD helps to prevent unwanted FtsZ rings from assembling at the poles and to stabilize their positioning at midcell. Using time-lapse microscopy of growing and dividing cells expressing a gfp-minD fusion, we show that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MinD often paused at midcell in addition to at the poles, and the frequency of midcell pausing increased as cells grew longer and cell division approached. At later stages of septum formation, GFP-MinD often paused specifically on only one side of the septum, followed by migration to the other side of the septum or to a cell pole. About the time of septum closure, this irregular pattern often switched to a transient double pole-to-pole oscillation in the daughter cells, which ultimately became a stable double oscillation. The splitting of a single MinD zone into two depends on the developing septum and is a potential mechanism to explain how MinD is distributed equitably to both daughter cells. Septal pausing of GFP-MinD did not require MinC, suggesting that MinC-FtsZ interactions do not drive MinD-septal interactions, and instead MinD recognizes a specific geometric, lipid, and/or protein target at the developing septum. Finally, we observed regular end-to-end oscillation over very short distances along the long axes of minicells, supporting the importance of geometry in MinD localization.
The Complex Synergy of Water in the Metal/Bromide Autoxidation of Hydrocarbons Caused by Benzylic Bromide Formation

One of the most active and selective catalysts in homogeneous liquid phase oxidation using molecular oxygen (O2) is a mixture of cobalt, manganese and bromide salts in acetic acid. It has been used to produce hundreds of different carboxylic acids in high yield and purity including the commercial production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene. Water is normally a by-product in these reactions and it is shown here that its concentration is an important reaction variable. In anhydrous acetic acid, with reagents with sufficiently strong electron-withdrawing substitutents (toluene, 4-carboxytoluene, 4-chlorotoluene), all of the active bromide becomes inactive via benzylic bromide formation. The Co/Mn/Br catalyst is therefore converted to a Co/Mn catalyst which is dubbed ‘catalyst failure’ because of its undesirable characteristics of lower activity, decreased selectivity especially towards over-oxidation and color formation. For 4-chlorotoluene, increasing the water concentration to 5 weight % initially decreases the rate of reaction but eventually is more active and selective because the oxidation and hydrolysis of the benzylic bromide allows for sufficient active catalytic bromide. It is shown that benzylic bromides do not ‘promote’ the reaction and that both oxidation and solvolysis of the benzylic bromide occurs during autoxidation. During polymethylbenzene oxidation, benzylic bromide formation occurs only with the most reactive methyl group. The complex factors during metal/bromide autoxidation – some favored by increased water concentration and others detrimental – are outlined.
The Relationship Between Burnout, Interpersonal Commitment, Client Adherence, and Quality of Work Life Among Neurofeedback Practitioners

This study identified neurofeedback (NFB) practitioner self-perceptions related to quality of work life. We also identified practitioner self-perceptions of common clinician factors related to NFB. To guide this current study, we utilized our previous conceptual framework research on practitioner perspectives of NFB (Larson, Ryan, & Baerentzen, 2010). One hundred forty-eight NFB practitioners completed online surveys gathering demographic information and ratings of practice behaviors and characteristics. For data set analyses, we utilized descriptive statistics, frequencies, means, standard deviations, ranges, Cronbach's alpha analysis, Pearson product–moment correlation analysis, and a regular simultaneous regression analysis. Our results indicated that 74% of the variance in quality of work life can be determined by variance in a significant multiple correlation of burnout, interpersonal skills commitment, and client adherence. We found monthly sessions correlated with financial gain or loss (FGL). We a...
Phospholipase A2 activity in normal and Staphylococcus aureus-infected rabbit eyes.

PURPOSE To quantify phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity in normal rabbit eyes and in eyes with Staphylococcus aureus keratitis. METHODS PLA(2) was assayed by the killing of S. aureus at 33 degrees C or by the release of arachidonic acid from S. aureus labeled with radioactive oleic acid. Rabbit corneas were intrastromally injected with 100 log phase colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus 8325-4. The activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and PLA(2) were quantified in ocular tissues. RESULTS The PLA(2)-mediated killing of S. aureus by normal rabbit tears decreased by more than 70% as the rabbits aged from 10 to 28 weeks and by nearly 50% from early morning to afternoon. In rabbits with S. aureus keratitis, the activity of PLA(2) and MPO increased proportionally with time from 5 to 25 hours postinfection (PI), as measured in ocular tissues. PLA(2) activity increased fivefold in tears from infected eyes collected at 25 hours PI compared with normal tears (P < or = 0.0001), whereas a ninefold increase was found in aqueous humor of infected eyes at 25 hours PI (P < or = 0.0001). Infected eyes demonstrated a significant increase in MPO activity compared with uninfected eyes beginning at 10 hours PI for the aqueous humor (P = 0.03), at 16 hours PI for the tear film (P = 0.0024) and at 22 hours PI for the corneal homogenate (P = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS The decrease in PLA(2) activity in the rabbit eye with age or after sleep and its increase during sleep or with the progression of infection are consistent with its role as an innate host defense factor.
In situ EELS study of dehydration of Al(OH)3 by electron beam irradiation

The dehydration of Al(OH)₃ by an electron beam has been investigated using the time-dependent electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) technique. Based on an analysis of low-loss EELS, Al L₂₃ and O K-edge, it is found that the processes are initially induced by the loss of H, followed by sputtering of O, which induce local structural changes. Some of the octahedrally coordinated Al transfer to tetrahedrally coordinated Al. The time-dependent O K-edge shows that the pre-edge peak in the O K-edge of Al(OH)₃ is induced by the formation of unpaired O, rather than an intrinsic feature of the OH bond.
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Worker's Compensation Patients Attending a Work Rehabilitation Program

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological consequence of traumatic work-related hand injury. In the current study, we investigated this relationship by examining the prevalence, of PTSD symptoms in 121 Worker's Compensation patients enrolled in a work rehabilitation program following a wide array of work-related injuries. Eighty-eight men and 33 women, ranging in age from 16 to 78 (M=40.9,SD=10.2), completed the Injury Adjustment Survey, a measure of PTSD symptoms, psychological/behavioral changes following injury, and desire for psychological treatment. We found that the majority of patients reported difficulties sleeping, a diminished sense of future, loss of interest, and increased anger. Twenty percent of patients endorsed symptoms from criteria B (reexperiencing the trauma), C (persistent avoidance or numbing), and D (inreased arousal) for PTSD according to the DSM-IV. PTSD symptoms did not significantly, relate to age, gender, locations of injury, type of injury, seeing the injury occur, or length of time since injury. PTSD symptoms did significantly relate to psychological/behavioral changes or difficulties and the desire to seek psychological treatment. Discussion of the results proceeds from within a psychotraumatological framework. In general, our research confirmed that PTSD symptoms appear to be a clinically significant problem for patients suffering from a variety of work-related injuries.
Neuropsychological and cognitive psychophysiological substrates of impulsive aggression

The purpose of this study was to test whether subjects who commit impulsive vs non-impulsive aggression differ on measurements of personality, neuropsychology, and cognitive psychophysiology, and whether these differences can yield information regarding the etiology of impulsive aggression. Subjects were two groups of prison inmates, distinguished by their committal of impulsive or nonimpulsive aggression, and matched noninmate controls. All inmates met DSM III-R criteria for an antisocial personality disorder but for no other disorder. Impulsiveness, anger, and peak P300 latencies did not differ between the inmate groups, but verbal symbol decoding and peak P300 amplitudes did. Impulsiveness and verbal skills were inversely correlated. Impulsiveness was inversely correlated with, and verbal skills positively correlated with P300 amplitudes. The results indicate that aggression is not homogenous, even among antisocial persons, and that impulsive aggression is related to neuropsychological and cognitive psychophysiological measures of information processing beyond those factors related to criminality alone.
Temperature dependence of the magnetic field at a vortex center in type-II superconducting vanadium by NMR

The field at a vortex center, ${h}_{v}$, was measured in a vanadium foil sample and extrapolated to zero temperature and zero flux density. For an isolated vortex at $T=0$, $h=1780\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}240$ G. At all flux densities it appears that $\frac{\ensuremath{\partial}{h}_{v}}{\ensuremath{\partial}T}$ is nonzero, even as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$.
Electrophysiological analysis of interhemispheric relations in the second somatosensory cortex of the cat.

1. Evoked potential studies done on chloralose anesthetized cats showed that potentials elicited by stimulation of the ipsilateral body surface and recorded in the second somatosensory cortex (SII) are mediated largely by contralateral somatosensory cortex by way of the corpus callosum; the ipsilateral posterior complex of the thalamus mediates only a small part of these potentials. Under the depressed conditions of barbiturate anesthesia only the ipsilateral posterior complex mediates these potentials. 2. Cells in anterior SII of unanesthetized, painlessly immobilized cats respond not only to light cutaneous stimulation but also to stimulation of contralateral somatosensory cortex. For some SII neurons stimulation of contralateral SII can inhibit discharges elicited by stimulation of the contralateral cutaneous receptive field. 3. All neurons excited by stimulation of contralateral SI and/or SII had bilateral receptive fields. These and other data suggest that much of the activity evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral portion of a bilateral receptive field is mediated by contralateral somatosensory cortex by way of the corpus callosum. 4. Some neurons in SII which have small receptive fields on the contralateral forepaw can be discharged antidromically by stimulation of contralateral SII. Additional data show that large, slow wave potentials evoked by stimulation of the ipsilateral forepaw are mediated by the corpus callosum. Thus, contrary to expectations from anatomical studies, distal as well as proximal structures are represented in the topographical organization of the corpus callosum.
Extra-Legal Political Parties in Wisconsin.

American political parties have long been the victims of a peculiarly ambivalent public attitude—an attitude which on the one hand views them as perverters of the democratic spirit while on the other hand it gives them a vital role in the political process. Much of the regulation imposed on the parties in this spirit of distrust makes it all the more difficult for them to carry out their political role. To operate successfully, they have been forced to adapt their organization and functions to rigorous legal climates.The vagueness and flexibility of political organization in the states reflect this constant struggle the parties wage to maintain their vitality and integrity against what are frequently severe legal odds. Parties have learned to create informal organs which will be effective and practical. Consequently, the real centers of political power rarely parallel the orderly, pyramided party organzations that the states create. The state or local party leader who holds no formal party office and the extra-legal organization or “machine” are commonplaces in American politics.
High pressure liquid chromatography of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from purified human T-lymphocytes

Abstract The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) in extracts of purified human peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was examined by ion exchange high pressure liquid chromatography. Four peaks of activity were isolated. The first peak of activity selectively hydrolyzed cyclic GMP. The following 3 peaks of activity (Ia, IIa and IIIa) were selective for cyclic AMP. The selective low K m cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, Ro 20-1724 (d,l-1,4-[3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl]-2-imidazolidinone), did not inhibit the activity in Ia whereas it did inhibit the activity in IIa and IIIa (IC 50 = 17 μM). The authors conclude that ion exchange high pressure liquid chromatography described in this communication is a useful method for the isolation of different forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity from human T-lymphocytes.
Calculation of half-lives for superheavy nuclei

Abstract We have performed a new calculation of the half-lives of superheavy nuclei with respect to spontaneous fission, α-decay and β-decay (including electron capture). The half-lives are calculated from fission barriers and decay energies that have been obtained by means of the macroscopic-microscopic method applied to realistic diffuse-surface single-particle potentials. The results indicate that the longest total half-life is 10 9.4 y for the nucleus 294 110, which decays predominantly by the emission of α-particles. As a general rule, the predominant decay mode is α-emission for nuclei containing more than 110 protons or a few more neutrons than 184, β-emission for nuclei containing less than 110 protons, and spontaneous fission for nuclei containing either less than 184 neutrons or substantially more. Therefore, if nuclei in the vicinity of 304 122 could be formed successfully in their ground states, they should decay primarily by the rapid emission of a series of high-energy α-particles, which provides a simple identification method. However, once the closed proton shell at Z = 114 is reached, electron capture becomes the predominant decay mode. This leads to nuclei whose calculated total half-lives are sufficiently long that they could be studied by conventional chemical methods. Some fission barriers along the r-process path have been calculated for two sets of liquid-drop-model constants that differ primarily in their values of the surface-asymmetry constant K . For K = 2.84, which is representative of the values suggested by a variety of new evidence, the potential barrier against fission has practically disappeared for nuclei in the vicinity of mass number 290. The neutron-induced fission of such nuclei should be extremely rapid, thus terminating the r-process somewhat before the island of superheavy nuclei is reached.
Balloon dilation for management of choanal atresia and stenosis

Abstract Objectives We describe our use of balloon dilation to repair choanal atresia in a series of patients. Study design Case series. Methods We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent repair of choanal atresia using dilation with high pressure, non-compliant airway balloons between January 2009 and September 2010. For primary cases, balloon dilation was used in conjunction with transnasal endoscopic puncture, and repair of bony stenosis with backbiting forceps and microdebrider drill. Results 5 patients underwent balloon dilation repair of choanal atresia or stenosis. 4 patients presented for primary repair, with a mean age of 2.9 months. 1 patient presented at 10 years of age for revision repair several years after previous attempts performed elsewhere. The average number of procedures was 3.6, with an average of 2 balloon dilations. There were no complications stemming from balloon dilation. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months. All patients demonstrated choanal patency on last follow-up. Conclusions This is a novel use of high pressure, non-compliant balloons. We found success in dilating membranous stenoses, post-repair granulation, and scar tissue in revision cases. Balloon dilation is an effective adjuvant tool for use in the repair of choanal atresia and stenosis.
A unique pattern of injury secondary to seatbelt-related blunt abdominal trauma.

n 18-year-old woman was a back seat, restrained pasenger involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. he patient wore a three-point combination shoulder and ap belt. She was initially evaluated and treated at an outying hospital before transfer to our institution. Workup at he outlying hospital revealed stable vital signs and physical xamination findings of a “seat belt” sign; ecchymosis with brasion of the right flank and right lower abdomen (Figure ) associated with tenderness to palpation. Radiographic workup included a chest X-ray study hat demonstrated a right second rib fracture without vidence of pneumothorax or hemothorax. Abdominal nd pelvic computed tomography (CT) scans with intraenous contrast revealed fracture and dislocation of the ight 11 rib that projected in towards the posterior spect of the right colon (Figure 2), associated with free uid adjacent to the medial part of the cecum. An abominal CT scan also revealed lateral right abdominal all disruption (Figure 3). No spine fractures were resent. The patient was transferred to our Level I rauma Center for further workup and treatment of her ntra-abdominal injury. Upon arrival, she had stable vital igns with a physical examination significant for guardng upon palpation of the right lower abdomen. She was aken to the operating room for exploratory laparotomy.
Linear control guaranteeing stability of uncertain systems via orthogonal decomposition

Abstract A class of uncertain systems with time-varying uncertainty is considered. The uncertainty is decomposed “orthogonally”. Based on this, a design of linear feedback control is proposed for linear uncertain systems. The control always exists if a generalized matching condition is met.
Two Issues of Vagueness

Etude des deux problemes philosophiques qui se posent a la notion de vague: celui de la solution des paradoxes sorites et celui de l'explication du concept de cas-limite. Mesurant la plausibilite de chacune des propositions incompatibles concernant l'inference, les premisses, la conclusion et la these de la surevaluation, d'une part, et definissant la notion de cas-limite en termes de vide dans la valeur de verite, d'autre part, l'A. definit les concepts de croyance partiale reliee au vague et de verite determinee comme exemples de nos pratiques cognitives et linguistiques mais non comme expression de l'essence du vague qui reste a etablir
Bone Matters: Are Density Increases Necessary to Reduce Fracture Risk?

As aconsequence of the exponential BMD/fracture risk relationship,very small increases in BMD can be expected to have very largeeffects on reducing fracture rates (Fig. 1). It is not necessary todouble BMD to reduce fractures by a factor of 2.On the basis of the established relationships betweenBMD, bone strength, and fracture risk, current therapies forreducing fractures have been targeted at reversing bone lossto increase bone strength. Several different therapies havebeen shown to increase bone density and reduce frac-tures.
Tracking the moving optical photocenters of active galaxies: binary black holes, accretion disks and relativistic jets

We will use the astrometric capabilities of the SIM to answer three key questions about active galactic nuclei: 1)Does the separation of the radio core and optical photocenter of quasars change on the same timescale as their photometric variability, or is the separation stable? 2)Does the most compact optical emission from an active galactic nucleus come from an accretion disk or from a relativistic jet? 3)Do the cores of galaxies harbor binary supermassive black holes remaining from galaxy mergers? We will compare the radio and optical positions of quasars used in the tie between optical and radio celestial reference frames. During the first year after launch, we will be able to show whether the frame tie will be limited by 'astrophysical noise'.
Complications of low dose heparin prophylaxis following pelvic lymphadenectomy

All patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma over a five-year period were reviewed to evaluate the effect of minidose heparin prophylaxis on lymphocele formation and postoperative complications. The overall incidence of complications was found to be consistent with that reported in the current literature. However, when the rate of lymphocele occurrence was correlated with perioperative minidose heparin therapy, the incidence rose from 2.5 per cent in those receiving no heparin to 38 per cent in patients receiving both pre- and postoperative prophylactic heparinization. Other major postoperative complications were also significantly increased when minidose heparin was pre- or postoperatively administered. A strong recommendation is made for caution in the routine use of prophylactic low-dose heparin during pelvic surgery.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE INTAKE OF CALCIUM ON THE BLOOD IODINE LEVEL

Our present conception of the association between a relative iodine insufficiency within the body and the initiation of goiter (1, 2) superseded numerous hypothetical explanations. Of the latter, the theory that an excess of calcium in the drinking water is a goitrogenic factor was advanced as an explanation for the prevalence of thyroid disease in people living on geological formations rich in limestone (3, 4, 5). This hypothesis fell into disrepute due to inadequate experimental confirmation. In recent years, investigation of nutritional problems has revived an interest in the relationship of calcium and goiter. Evidence derived from feeding experiments has been brought forward to show that a relative iodine deficiency and its manifestations in rats are enhanced by excess dietary calcium (6, 7, 8). The reason for such a response is not clear. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken in an attempt to ascertain whether the amount of calcium in the diet influenced the level of iodine in the blood.
Role of the mecA Gene in Oxacillin Resistance in a Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Strain with a pvl-Positive ST59 Genetic Background

The most prevalent community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (C-MRSA) strains in Taiwan, sequence type 59 (ST59) clones, carry staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type V and, to a lesser extent, type IV. These strains show wide variation in sensitivity to oxacillin, but the reasons for this variation are unknown. Here we compared the sequences of the mecA genes from clinical strains of different SCCmec types and found that they contain different mecA promoter mutations. Analysis of mecA promoter activity by reporter gene fusions showed that single base substitutions in the promoter have a strong influence on mecA transcription. The different mecA variants, including promoter sequences, were expressed in the methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) strain C195 (ST59 background). PBP 2a production among the parental strains and strains with promoter mutant mecA genes showed a close correlation with mecA transcription levels. Furthermore, the quantity of PBP 2a also closely correlated with the level of oxacillin resistance in the C195 background. Our data suggest that mecA promoter mutations play an important role in determining the level of oxacillin resistance. The mecA promoter mutation G-25A (25 bases upstream of the mecA translation start site) was found to be associated with a high oxacillin MIC (256 μg/ml), G-7T conferred a moderate oxacillin MIC (32 to 64 μg/ml), strains with C-33T showed a low oxacillin MIC (4 to 8 μg/ml), and A-38G reversed the effect of the C-33T mutation, restoring the oxacillin resistance level in the A-38G C-33T double mutant. These observations may explain why C-MRSA strains in Taiwan carrying SCCmec type IV or V have such enormous variations in oxacillin MICs.
Brief Optimal trajectory planning and smoothing splines

In this paper, some of the relationships between optimal control and trajectory planning are examined. When planning trajectories for linear control systems, a demand that arises naturally in air traffic control or noise contaminated data interpolation is that the curve passes close to given points, or through intervals, at given times. In this paper, we produce these curves by solving an optimal control problem for linear control systems, while driving the output of the system close to the waypoints. We furthermore show how this optimal control problem reduces to a finite, quadratic programming problem, and we thus provide a constructive, yet theoretically sound framework for producing a rich set of curves called smoothing splines.
A walk on the beach.

In August of each year, I take a 2-week vacation with my family, wanting to get as far away as possible from the hospital where I'm the rheumatology division chief. This year, however, my plans for...
The Effects of Sodium 2,3-Dichloroisobutyrate on Microsporogenesis and Fruit Set in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Histological and histochemical examinations of sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCB) treated tomato floral buds at various stages of development showed that I)CB affected the development of microspores and tapetal cells. DCB at 0-075 and 0-15% resulted in the formation of uninucleate microspores, absence of microspore starch, retardation of exine formation, degeneration of microspore cytoplasm, and a delay in the breakdown of the tapetum. Embryo sac development was unaffected by DCB. The interference of carbohydrate metabolism by DCB was indicated. Reduction of fruit set by DCB was caused by abnormal or lack of pollen formation.
Hippocampal Neuronal Polarity Specified by Spatially Localized mPar3/mPar6 and PI 3-Kinase Activity

How a neuron becomes polarized remains an outstanding question. Here, we report that selection of the future axon among neurites of a cultured hippocampal neuron requires the activity of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), as well as atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). The PI 3-kinase activity, highly localized to the tip of the newly specified axon of stage 3 neurons, is essential for the proper subcellular localization of mPar3, the mammalian homolog of C. elegans polarity protein Par3. Polarized distribution of not only mPar3 but also mPar6 is important for axon formation; ectopic expression of mPar6 or mPar3, or just the N terminus of mPar3, leaves neurons with no axon specified. Thus, neuronal polarity is likely to be controlled by the mPar3/mPar6/aPKC complex and the PI 3-kinase signaling pathway, both serving evolutionarily conserved roles in specifying cell polarity.
Surface reaction of triethylgallium and triethylantimony on GaSb(100)-(1×3)

Abstract The decomposition of triethylgallium (TEGa) and triethylantimony (TESb) on GaSb(100)-(1×3) was studied using temperature programmed desorption (TPD), static secondary ion mass spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. TEGa readily decomposes on the surface below 150 K, while TESb does not dissociatively adsorb below 320 K. The reactive sticking coefficient of TEGa is several orders of magnitude higher than that of TESb. The main decomposition products in TPD following dissociative adsorption were ethylene, hydrogen and a small amount of ethyl radical for both TEGa and TESb. Homolysis and β-hydride elimination are believed to be the desorption pathways for ethyl ligand removal from the surface following chemisorption of both precursors. Surface Ga atoms are proposed as reactive sites for ethyl reaction following the decomposition of TEGa and TESb on GaSb(100).
Systematics of g factors in the neutron-rich 142,144,146Ba isotopes.

The g factor of the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ state in $^{142}\mathrm{Ba}$ has been remeasured with higher accuracy. The new result, when combined with recently measured values of ${T}_{1/2}$ for this state and with g${(2}_{1}^{+}$) values in $^{144}$,146Ba, clearly indicates that in this region, the proton-neutron interacting boson model gives a much better description of magnetic moments than the hydrodynamical model with the Greiner corrections.
Preparation of Germanium Single Crystals

Single crystals of germanium have been prepared by two methods using a vacuum furnace (~5×10-6 mm Hg pressure) with induction heating. In the first method nucleation is induced at the upper surface of the melt by producing the necessary heat gradient, and a single crystal is grown in the crucible by controlling the rate of cooling. In the second method molten germanium is seeded with a single crystal and is withdrawn as it solidifies in the orientation of the seed crystal. Seeds orientated with the (111), (100), and (110) planes parallel to the surface of the melt have been used and well-developed crystal faces are obtained. Single crystals of pure germanium and Sb or In-doped germanium does not wet the crucible; Al-doped germanium adheres to the crucible. Resistivity gradients may be greatly reduced by repeated recrystallizations. Pure germanium of about 55 ohm-cm resistivity can be obtained in this way.
High-resolution infrared spectra of air pollutants with fourier transform spectroscopy☆

Abstract A Fourier transform spectrometer coupled with a long-path cell was used to record high resolution infrared spectra of air pollutants at very low concentrations. The spectral transmittance curves of CO were measured at room temperature, at a constant resolution of 0·5 cm-1, at partial pressures from 2·32 to 0·004 torr, N2 being the diluent. Apparent absorption coefficients were tabulated at 0·2-cm-1 intervals. The techniques and data are applicable to studies of our contaminated atmosphere.
Detection and Interpretation of Left-Moving Severe Thunderstorms Using the WSR-88D: A Case Study

Abstract Left-moving supercells, which rotate anticyclonically, are much less common than their right-moving counterparts but are nevertheless capable of producing severe weather. On 26 May 1992, a severe left-moving thunderstorm over east Texas developed within range of the WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler) radar at League City, Texas. The evolution of the left-moving thunderstorm, including its split from its parent thunderstorm, is presented using standard WSR-88D products. The storm produced wind damage and large hail, whose presence in the thunderstorm caused a flare echo in the return signal. No automated WSR-88D algorithms exist to detect mesoanticyclones or flares, so the subjective interpretation of these radar signatures as indicators of severe weather can be critical for the proper issuance of warnings for such storms.
Gender, residual deviance, and social control

Focusing on gendered aspects of informal social control, we use a societal reaction approach to examine 15 years of students’ gender norm violation projects. Three predictions regarding differential reaction to women's and men's residual deviance are (a) that there will be no gender differences, (b) that those with less power and status (women) will be sanctioned more or (c) that those with more status resources (men) will be monitored and reacted to more. We discuss methodological advantages of using norm violations to study informal social control. Findings contribute to a more complete theory of how societal reactions to residual deviance are mediated by gender. There were large gender differences in what students chose to do regarding norm violations and little change over time. Male “deviants” were censured more in terms of negativity, strength of reaction, laughter, and homophobia; female “deviants” were censured more as targets of verbal and sexual remarks. We discuss the need for more attention to...
Beyond fear, helplessness, and horror: Peritraumatic reactions associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms among traumatized delinquent youth

This study investigated associations among peritraumatic reactions, including the triad of fear, helplessness, and horror specified in Criterion A2 of the DSM-IV-R, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic status and symptom severity among a sample of 555 juvenile justice-involved adolescents (188 girls and 367 boys). Results of hierarchical and logistic regression analyses indicated that, with the exception of helplessness, peritraumatic reactions beyond the DSM-IV-R triad, particularly disorganized behavior and confusion, were more strongly associated with PTSD diagnosis and symptoms among these youth than were the A2 criteria. Gender differences also emerged in the pattern of results, with disorganized behavior and dissociation associated more strongly with PTSD symptom levels among girls than boys. In addition, investigation of the relations between peritraumatic reactions and the recently proposed 5-factor model of PTSD symptom clusters showed that peritraumatic disorganization was the most consistently associated with PTSD symptoms, whereas peritraumatic helplessness was uniquely associated with Numbing among boys and Dissociation among girls. These results have implications for informing the DSM-5 as well as adding to the evidence base for deriving developmentally sensitive criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD among youth exposed to trauma.
Electrostatic Hellmann‐Feynman theorem applied to long‐range interatomic forces. The hydrogen molecule

The use of the electrostatic Hellmann‐Feynman theorem for the calculation of the leading term in the 1/R expansion of the force of interaction between two well‐separated hydrogen atoms is discussed. Previous work has suggested that whereas this term is determined wholly by the first‐order wavefunction when calculated by perturbation theory, the use of the Hellmann‐Feynman theorem apparently requires the wavefunction through second order. It is shown how the two results may be reconciled and that the Hellmann‐Feynman theorem may be reformulated in such a way that only the first‐order wavefunction is required.
Chemotherapy for high‐risk localized prostate cancer

There are three mini-reviews in this section, with very different subject material. The first describes the integration of chemotherapy into the overall treatment plan for patients with prostate cancer who are at high risk of recurrence and micrometastasis at initial diagnosis, a concept on which urologists will have a strong opinion. The second controversial subject is that of the use of leuprolide to modify the behaviours of sex offenders. The review deals specifically with the role of the urologist in this sensitive area. Finally, authors from Germany have written a mini-review on the very important topic of chlamydial infections and prostatitis in men.
Reliability of an In-Shoe Pressure Measurement System During Treadmill Walking:

We examined the reliability of in-shoe foot pressure measurement using the Pedar in-shoe pressure measurement system for 25 participants walking at treadmill speeds of 0.89, 1.12, and 1.34 meters/sec. The measurement system uses EMED insoles, which consist of 99 capacitive sensors, sampled at 50 Hz. Data were collected for 20 seconds at two separate times while participants walked at each gait speed. Differences in some of the loading variables across speed relative to the total foot and across the different anatomical regions were detected. Different anatomical regions of the foot were loaded differently with variations in walking speed. The results indicated the need to control speed when evaluating loading parameters using in-shoe pressure measurement techniques. Coefficients of reliability were calculated. Variables such as peak force for the total foot required two steps to achieve a coefficient of reliability of 0.98. To achieve excellent reliability (>0.90) in the peak force, force time integral, p...
Integrating System-Level and Component-Level Designs Under Uncertainty

A probabilistic optimization methodology for aerospace vehicle design is developed that takes into account coupling between system-level and component-level design requirements. The proposed methodology represents the system-component design as a reliability-based multidisciplinary optimization problem. The system design optimizes the geometry of a reusable launch vehicle for minimum weight while satisfying aerodynamic constraints. The component design relates to the structural sizing of vehicle components, in this case a liquid-hydrogen tank. The optimization formulation includes probabilistic constraints, which are evaluated using the limit state-based reliability analysis methodology. The system and component designs are linked through stochastic state variables relating to vehicle geometry and component weight, and the optimization at both levels is pursued. Finally, the reliability-based multidisciplinary optimization is solved using an efficient decoupled approach.
A multidimensional network approach to studying team members' information seeking from human and digital knowledge sources in consulting firms

The goal of this study is to understand how consultants' information seeking from human and digital knowledge sources is influenced by their relationships with both types of knowledge sources and the characteristics of the knowledge domain in which information seeking takes place. Grounded on and extending transactive memory theory, this study takes a multidimensional approach to predict consultants' information seeking based on expertise recognition, source accessibility, peer information-seeking behaviors, knowledge complexity, and codifiability. Using data collected from 110 consultants across 9 project teams from 2 multinational consulting firms, this study found that consultants' information seeking from human knowledge sources was mostly driven by the expertise and accessibility level of their team members, whereas their information seeking from digital knowledge repositories was strongly influenced by how much information the digital knowledge source had and whether colleagues with whom they had strong social communication ties were seeking information from the digital source. Finally, knowledge complexity had a negative influence on consultants' information seeking from digital knowledge repositories, but knowledge codifiability had no significant effects on information seeking from either knowledge source. This study demonstrates the importance and viability of using a multidimensional network approach to advancing transactive memory theory to study consultants' information-seeking practices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interaction Mapping of a Dynein Heavy Chain IDENTIFICATION OF DIMERIZATION AND INTERMEDIATE-CHAIN BINDING DOMAINS

Cytoplasmic dynein is a multisubunit microtubule-based motor protein that is involved in several eukaryotic cell motilities. Two dynein heavy chains each form a motor domain that connects to a common cargo-binding tail. Although this tail domain is composed of multiple polypeptides, subunit organization within this region is poorly understood. Here we present an in vitrodissection of the tail-forming region of the dynein heavy chain fromDictyostelium. Our work identifies a sequence important for dimerization and for binding the dynein intermediate chain. The core of this motif localizes within an ∼150-amino acid region that is strongly conserved among other cytoplasmic dyneins. This level of conservation does not extend to the axonemal dynein heavy chains, suggesting functional differences between the two. Dimerization appears to occur through a different mechanism than the heavy chain-intermediate chain interaction. We corroborate the in vitro interactions with in vivo expression of heavy chain fragments in Dictyostelium. Fragments lacking the interaction domain express well, without an obvious phenotype. On the other hand, the region crucial for both interactions appears to be lethal when overexpressed.