cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Not all participatory styles are created equal.

In the issue of PEC, Labrie and Schulz [1] found that when physicians presented more arguments, their style was more participatory. They argued that physicians presenting their side of the issue could enhance conversations by engaging patients in the process. Although the goal of patient-centered communication is to have patients be more participatory in their encounters, having physicians use arguments as the mechanism could be counterproductive to helping patients change. Many physicians are encouraged to counsel using Motivational Interviewing (MI) [2]. Miller and Rollnick argue that the way physicians are with their patients is more important than what they actually say. Thus, those who teach MI emphasize MI Spirit (partnership, evocation, acceptance, and compassion). Acceptance is arguably the most challenging, yet one of the most important tenets of MI Spirit because physicians are asked to recognize that behavior change is solely under patients' control, not physician's control. Further, physicians are asked to be curious to try to understand reasons behind patients' choices rather than assuming or even worse judging intentions motivating patients’ choices. Counter to acceptance is when physicians argue their side to patients in attempts to persuade patients they are wrong. Physicians who argue are not truly accepting their patient’s autonomy (e.g., physicians feel it is their job to convince patients make the right choices). Choices that all of us make, physicians included, feel like the “right choice” to us, even if the choiceis not in our best health interest (e.g., not getting enough sleep, texting and walking). Others could viewourchoices as not “good choices”, yet we make these choices for good reasons. Until we ourselves are convinced that we need to change, we will not change. The same is true for patients. Unfortunately, what arguing with patients often does is solidifies their decision to not change. Indeed, when clinicians attempt to argue with patients, patients get defensive and are less likely to change [3]. The job of physicians is to help patients argue with themselves, confront themselves, and persuade themselves. Patients are more persuaded by their own reasons for changing than by reasons others give them. Also, a newer and important feature of MI is that physicians are encouraged to evoke and reflect “change talk” in their patients. Change talk statements are those in which patients state they want to change, feel they can change, state reasons for changing, or state steps to changing. In a recent review of mechanisms of MI that promotes behavior change, Copeland found that when physicians encouraged change talk, patients were more likely to change [4]. Encouraging change talk is the opposite of encouraging “sustain talk,” namely when patients talk about not being able to change.
A procedural approach to authoring solid models

We present a procedural approach to authoring layered, solid models. Using a simple scripting language, we define the internal structure of a volume from one or more input meshes. Sculpting and simulation operators are applied within the context of the language to shape and modify the model. Our framework treats simulation as a modeling operator rather than simply as a tool for animation, thereby suggesting a new paradigm for modeling as well as a new level of abstraction for interacting with simulation environments.Capturing real-world effects with standard modeling techniques is extremely challenging. Our key contribution is a concise procedural approach for seamlessly building and modifying complex solid geometry. We present an implementation of our language using a flexible tetrahedral representation. We show a variety of complex objects modeled in our system using tools that interface with finite element method and particle system simulations.
Negative Action Against Asian Americans: The Internal Instability of Dworkin's Defense of Affirmative Action

Ronald Dworkin has forcefully argued that because affirmative action does not violate the constitutional rights of Whites, it must be allowed to do the work of promoting racial equality. But the sword he forges to justify affirmative action has a double-edge that cuts unexpectedly against the liberal orthoýdoxy. In particular, Dworkin's theory justifying affirmaýtive action for certain minority groups, consistently applied under plausible empirical conditions, can authorize what I call negative action against Asian Americans. By negative action, I mean unfavorable treatment based on race, using the treatment of Whites for comparison: Negative action against Asian Americans is in force if a university denies admission to an Asian Ameriýcan who would have been admitted had that person been White. The fact that Dworkin's theory justifies both affirmative action for racial minorities and negative action against Asian Americans suggests an internal instability within his theory. It is an instability because although traditional liberals are comfortable with the idea of affirmative action - admitting racial minorities into universities who would not have been admitted if they were White - they are uncomfortable with the idea of negative action against Asian Americans - rejecting Asian Americans who would have been admitted if they were White. Prompted by this instability, I reconsider Dworkin's particular conception of the right to equality, which lies at the heart of his affirmative action defense. I argue that an alternate conception of equality based on the degree to which the objective social meaning of a governmental practice is stigmatic is superior to Dworkin's conception because it avoids the internal instability in a principled and normatively attractive manner.
The Pedagogy of Usability: An Analysis of Technical Communication Textbooks, Anthologies, and Course Syllabi and Descriptions

ABSTRACTUsability has been widely implemented in technical communication curricula and workplace practices, but little attention has focused specifically on how usability and its pedagogy are addressed in our literature. This study reviews selected technical communication textbooks, pedagogical and landmark texts, and online course syllabi and descriptions and argues that meager attention is given to usability, thus suggesting the need for more in-depth and productive discussions on usability practices, strategies, and challenges.
In situ observation of solidification of undercooled hypoeutectic Ni–Ni3B alloy melt

Solidification of undercooled Ni–3.3 wt% B alloy melt was investigated by glass fluxing. If ΔTe < 140 ± 10 K, two recalescences appear, indicating that stable eutectic reaction occurs; if ΔTe ≥ 140 ± 10 K, three recalescences can be observed, indicating that metastable eutectic reaction occurs. Analysis indicates that the phase fractions of the as-solidified structure can be predicted by the recalescence delay times in the cooling curves. High-speed video images show that the solidification interface of primary solidification changes from single dendritic shape to spherical shape with increasing ΔTp; the interface of eutectic solidification changes from many small “dendrites” to a single large one with increasing ΔTe; the interface of residual liquid solidification changes from many small rings to a single large one with increasing ΔTr. The growth velocity of eutectic solidification suggests a coupled growth at small and moderate undercoolings and decoupled growth at large undercooling, whereas that of residual liquid solidification cannot be interpreted by the available models.
Effects of Supplementing Minerals including Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc on Pregnant and Fetal Rats

Objective To determine the effects of supplementing minerals including calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc on the growth and development of pregnant rats and their offsprings. Methods After the adaptation period, 10 pr egnant rats were given samples at 1 w-0 d before pregnancy as pre-pregnancy group. Other 40 pregnant rats were randomly classified into early pregnancy group(0th to 11 th day of pregnancy), middle pregnancy group(12th to 16 th day of pregnancy), late pregnancy group(17th day of pregnancy to confinement) and control group. The animals in experimental groups were given by gavage nutrient supplements solution during different period of pregnancy, and the animals in control group were given soybean oil by gavage with the dose of 0.94 mL/(kg·d). The number of fetal and un usual fetal rats, the growth index of fetal rats were obseved. The concentration of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc in the serum of pregnant rat s and in the tissue of fetal rats were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results 1 Pregnant rats in the pre-pregnancy group and early pregnancy group gained more weight compared to control group durin g the early pregnancy period(0-11day)(P0.05). The pregnant rats in the middle pregnancy group gained more weight than other groups during the whole experimental period(P0.05). 2 Pregnant rats in exper imental groups gave birth to more fetal rats than the control group(P0.05). There were no differences between fetal rats in t ail length, weigh t and head weight. However, the mean height of fetal rats of experimental groups was lower than that of control group(P0.05). The con centra tion of iron in serum of pregna nt rats in the early and middle pregnancy group was higher than that of control group(P0.05). The level of calcium in the tissues of fetal rats in experimental groups who were supplemented with c alcium during pregnancy was higher than that of pre-pregnancy group a nd the control group(P0.05). The level of zinc in the tissues of fetal rates were supplemented with zinc during late pregnancy was higher than that of other groups(P0.05). The level of magnesiu m in the tissues of fetal rats in the early pregnancy group and middle pregnancy group were higher than those of control group(P0.01, P0.05). Conclusion Supplementing minerals before and during pregnancy can increase the body weig ht of pregnant rats and the levels of iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc in the tissues of fetal rats.
TISSUE BLOOD FLOW AND THE SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES.

In the arteries, blood flow and blood pressure are pulsatile in nature (Roston, 1962a; Roston 1962b). The patterns of blood movement and mural distension in the arteries are important because they may be associated with life-threatening degenerative changes in the arterial walls. As the vascular channels narrow, the pulsation decreases. At the level of the capillaries, almost no pulsation exists (Best and Taylor, 1961). The tissues are affected by the direct flow in the capillaries and not by the pulsation in the arteries. Thus, such quantities as pulse pressure, systolic pressure, and diastolic pressure which characterize blood movement in the arteries are not important as far as the tissues are concerned. Rather, the average pressure and flow in the capillaries are the quantities significant for tissue blood flow. The present study analyzes the local blood circulation in a typical tissue. Logical extension of this analysis results in insights into the physiological behavior of the circulation which integrate a considerable body of experimental data.
Parallel Algorithm Design for Branch and Bound

Large and/or computationally expensive optimization problems sometimes require parallel or high-performance computing systems to achieve reasonable running times. This chapter gives an introduction to parallel computing for those familiar with serial optimization. We present techniques to assist the posting of serial optimization codes to parallel systems and discuss more fundamentally parallel approaches to optimization. We survey the state-of-the-art in distributed and shared-memory architectures and give an overview of the programming models appropriate for efficient algorithms on these platforms. As concrete examples, we discuss the design of parallel branch-and-bound algorithms for mixed-integer programming on a distributed-memory system, quadratic assignment problem on a grid architecture, and maximum parsimony in evolutionary trees on a sharedmemory system.
This Never Happened to the Other Fellow:: The Fluctuating Stardom of James Bond and George Lazenby

When George Lazenby, who succeeded Sean Connery as James Bond, attended the world premiere of On Her Majesty’s Secret Service (1969) with long hair and a beard, he was criticized by the British press for his ‘very un-Bond-like’ appearance, which would come to define his only take on the Bond persona. Since the film’s release, however, critics and fans have begun to acknowledge the idiosyncratic qualities of Lazenby’s performance and its more grounded contribution to the mythology of 007. As a result, Lazenby’s star image has been revitalized. Jaap Verheul’s chapter argues, firstly, that star studies must acknowledge the failed production of stardom, and secondly, that Lazenby’s re-appraisal warrants further examination of the fluctuations in the star images of both actors and their on-screen personas.
Sparse Gaussian processes for Bayesian optimization

Bayesian optimization schemes often rely on Gaussian processes (GP). GP models are very flexible, but are known to scale poorly with the number of training points. While several efficient sparse GP models are known, they have limitations when applied in optimization settings. We propose a novel Bayesian optimization framework that uses sparse online Gaussian processes. We introduce a new updating scheme for the online GP that accounts for our preference during optimization for regions with better performance. We apply this method to optimize the performance of a free-electron laser, and demonstrate empirically that the weighted updating scheme leads to substantial improvements to performance in optimization.
Scan Design: Basics, Advancements, and Vulnerabilities

The increasing design complexity of modern Integrated Chips (IC) has reflected into exacerbated challenges in manufacturing testing. In this respect, scan is the most widely used design for testability (DfT) technique that overcomes the manufacturing test challenges by enhancing the access and thus, testability. However, scan can also open a back door to an attacker when implemented in security critical chips. Although some applications disable access to the scan chains upon manufacturing test, other applications require this access to enable in-field testing and debugging capabilities. This chapter aims at providing testable yet secure scan-based DfT techniques. We first describe various cost-effective DfT techniques to overcome the test challenges, such as low controllability and observability, which in turn leads to high test cost and low test quality. In particular, we review the challenges and opportunities in widely utilized compression-based scan design. We then highlight the security vulnerabilities of basic scan as well as these advanced DfT techniques. We describe multiple scan attacks that misuse representative test infrastructures. A detailed analysis is also performed to figure out the fundamental limitations of these attacks.
Quantitative Self Adjoint Operator Other Direct Approximations

Here we give a series of self adjoint operator positive linear operators general results. Then we present specific similar results related to neural networks. This is a quantitative treatment to determine the degree of self adjoint operator uniform approximation with rates, of sequences of self adjoint positive linear operators in general, and in particular of self adjoint specific neural network operators. It follows [4] (Anastassiou, J. Nonlinear Sci. Appl. (2016)).
Transport and Targeting of Proteins to Protein Storage Vacuoles (Protein Bodies) in Developing Seeds

The vacuoles of plant cells contain a variety of proteins including acid hydrolases, storage proteins and plant defense proteins. During seed development, the central vacuoles of the storage parenchyma cells accumulate large amounts of all three classes of these proteins. We have studied the biosynthesis, transport, posttranslational modifications and accumulation in developing legume cotyledons of acid hydrolases (e.g. α-mannosidase), storage proteins (e.g. phaseolin), and plant defense proteins (e.g. phytohemagglutinin and α-amylase inhibitor). Transport of proteins to vacuoles is mediated by the secretory system (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus) and correct targeting of protein to vacuoles requires positive sorting information. This information is contained within the polypeptide domain of the vacuolar glycoprotein phytohemagglutinin (PHA). When the gene for PHA is introduced into yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, the resulting protein is targeted to yeast vacuoles. By expressing in yeast, chimeric genes consisting of the signal peptide and various portions of the PHA coding region with the gene for yeast invertase, we were able to show that the vacuolar targeting domain of PHA is in an amino- proximal region between amino acids 14 and 43 of the mature protein. Experiments are now under way to determine whether the same domain of PHA can target yeast invertase to plant vacuoles (protein bodies in tobacco seeds).
The Rainbow Effect: Media Freedom, Internet Access, and Gay Rights

Objectives What accounts for the variation in the status of gay rights across countries? We consider the effects of media freedom and Internet access and hypothesize that it is the combination of the two that matters for promoting gay rights. Methods Using cross-national time-series data drawn from a variety of sources, we test our hypotheses using a measure of lesbian, gay, and bisexual legal equality. Results Our results indicate that the effects of media freedom and Internet access on gay rights are each conditional on the other. It is the interaction of media freedom and Internet access that has a statistically significant and positive effect on gay rights; without media freedom, Internet access has no significant effect and vice versa. Conclusion All else being equal, we observe greater respect for gay rights in those countries featuring a combination of both free media and higher rates of Internet access.
0471 Evaluation of airborne chemical exposures to aluminium workers

Aluminium workers are exposed to a complex mixture of airborne chemicals. Workers in different stages of aluminium manufacturing are exposed to different mixtures of chemicals. At twelve US aluminium facilities, we used information from an industrial hygiene database containing 30 years of sampling results for 227 separate chemical agents to build job exposure matrices (JEMs). We selected chemicals that represented major exposures in the workplace (e.g., oil mist and fluorides) and those that have been associated with heart disease [e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and welding-related metals]. We used cluster analysis to empirically group the chemical agents and establish exposure profiles by job. For PAHs and welding-related metal exposures, we also built quantitative JEMs. There were 21 PAH chemical agents, including individual PAHs (e.g. benzo[a]pyrene) and groups of PAHs (e.g. coal tar pitch volatiles). For metals, there were 54 different chemical agents associated with welding tasks. The categorical JEMs have three categories of exposure: unmeasured, very low exposure, and moderate or higher exposure. The stage of the manufacturing process made a large impact on the distribution of exposures. While 62% of jobs in smelters involved PAH exposures, only 2% of jobs in fabrication facilities did. Conversely, oil mist exposure is more common in fabrication facilities, compared with smelters (24% and 7% of jobs exposed, respectively). We observed that the exposure profiles in smelters was very different to those observed in fabrication facilities or refineries. These chemical exposure JEMs will help clarify the role chemicals play in heart disease.
Inverse elastographic method for analyzing the ocular lens compression test

The ocular lens stiffens dramatically with age, resulting in a loss of function. However, the mechanism of stiffening remains unknown, at least in part due to difficulties in making reliable measurements of the intrinsic mechanical properties of the lens. Recent experiments have employed manual compression testing to evaluate the stiffness of murine lenses which have genotypes pertinent to human lens diseases. These experiments compare the extrinsic stiffness of lenses from the genotype of interest to the wild-type lens in an effort to reach conclusions regarding the cellular or molecular basis of lens stiffening. However, these comparisons are confounded by alterations in lens size and geometry which invariably accompany these genetic manipulations. Here, we utilize manual lens compression to characterize the stiffness of a porcine lens and a murine lens. An inverse elastographic technique was then developed to estimate the intrinsic shear modulus of each lens as well as the elastic modulus of the lens c...
El fantasma que nos habita: El huésped y El cuerpo en que nací de Guadalupe Nettel como espejo político de México

Las novelas El huesped y El cuerpo en que naci de Guadalupe Nettel plantean una conexion entre la intimidad y la politica. El juego de la doble personalidad de la protagonista en El huesped se yuxtapone al doble externo que es la ciudad de Mexico. La novela parte de la nocion de que existen dos Mexicos: por un lado, el visible y moderno; por otro, el subterraneo, que es a su vez la base y la constitucion del primero. En El cuerpo en que naci, un texto de no ficcion con un alto contenido autobiografico, el fantasma esta vinculado con la idea del trauma, o la postmemoria tal y como lo define Marianne Hirsch en The Generation of Postmemory. Es decir, con traumas heredados, hechos violentos e impactantes que marcan la vida de una persona, aunque esta no sea testigo directo de los acontecimientos. Parto de la tesis que ambas novelas de Nettel exploran nuevas formaciones de la idea del fantasma en la literatura mexicana.
Reviewing for Beyond Behavior: An Editor’s Guide for Submitting a Comprehensive and Meaningful Review:

Reviewing manuscripts is an integral part of the publication process. Unfortunately, few scholars receive training in this skill. This article provides an overview of what it takes to conduct a qua...
Repairing the Leaky Pipeline: A Motivationally Supportive Intervention to Enhance Persistence in Undergraduate Science Pathways.

Abstract The current study reports on the efficacy of a multi-faceted motivationally designed undergraduate enrichment summer program for supporting science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) persistence. Structural equation modeling was used to compare summer program participants (n = 186), who participated in the program between their first and second years in college, to a propensity score matched comparison sample (n = 401). Participation in the summer program positively predicted science motivation (self-efficacy, task value), assessed eight months after the end of the program (second year in college). The summer enrichment program was also beneficial for science persistence variables, as evidenced by significant direct and indirect effects of the program on science course completion during students’ third year of college and students’ intentions to pursue a science research career assessed during the third year of college. In general, the program was equally beneficial for all participants, but ancillary analyses indicated added benefits with respect to task value for students with relatively lower prior science achievement during the first year of college and with respect to subsequent science course taking for males. Implications for developing effective interventions to reduce the flow of individuals out of STEM fields and for translating motivational theory into practice are discussed.
Indirect Real- and Reactive-Power Control of Induction Motor Drives

A novel high-performance indirect real- and reactive-power control (IRRPC) scheme for induction motor (IM) drives is proposed. The IRRPC consists in adjusting the instantaneous real and reactive powers flowing in and out of the IM. No flux and torque estimation is required, which is a major advantage of the IRRPC. As a result, this control strategy is more robust than the popular field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The IRRPC significantly improves certain disadvantages of the FOC and DTC, such as the sensitivity to motor parameter variations and degraded quality of performance at very low speed. There is no need for integration of complex observers with the control strategy or of addition of extra sensors. For confirmation of effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, experimental studies in a wide speed range with accurate and erroneous assumption of motor parameters are carried out and the results are compared with those when the drive is controlled using the classic indirect FOC and DTC.
Democratic Policymaking: An Analytic Approach

This introduction applies analytic models to policymaking challenges, equipping students with tools to evaluate core policymaking dilemmas. Students are introduced to the approaches of game theory, social choice theory, research design and causal inference. Key terms, along with current research, are highlighted to build an understanding of public policy study. Exercises and thought questions enable students to develop skills to assess public policy dilemmas. The analytically rigorous style of the text is accessible and avoids lengthy descriptions. Supplementary resources for instructors include extensive notes, ancillaries and online resources, including a test bank, quizzes and editable lecture slides for all chapters that can be modified to fit particular courses. This textbook is suitable for introductory public policy and public administration courses at both undergraduate and postgraduate level.
Nucleotide Excision Repair: Biology

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a fundamental DNA repair process that is ubiquitously distributed from bacteria to humans. The process is essential for the enzyme-catalyzed removal of various types of base damage from the nuclear genome, typically those that result in significant distortion of the helical structure of DNA. This article discusses the overview and biology of NER.
Induction of the site I phosphorylation in vivo in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.

Abstract From the studies on the phosphorylating efficiencies of the isolated mitochondria, it was found that site I phosphorylation is missing in S. carlsbergensis cells. This energy coupling site can be induced in vivo by the aeration of the cells under non-growing condition, as in case of site I deficient Candida utilis cells. The “g=1.94” EPR signal of iron-sulfur proteins in the NADH dehydrogenase region was shown to be lacking in the submitochondrial particles prepared from the cells both before and after the aeration. This clearly demonstrates that the “g=1.94” EPR signal in the NADH dehydrogenase region is not required for the energy coupling at site I. A possible mechanism for the induction of site I phosphorylation in the present system is discussed.
Anti-Hypertensive Medication Use, Soluble Receptor for Glycation End Products and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Study.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death. Soluble receptor for glycation end products (sRAGE), which is modulated by anti-hypertensive (HT) medications, has been inversely associated with pancreatic cancer. However, the association between commonly used anti-HT medications and risk of pancreatic cancer is unknown. A total of 145,551 postmenopausal women from the Women Health Initiative (WHI) Study were included in analysis. Use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), β-blockers, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and diuretics was ascertained at baseline (1993–1998). Baseline sRAGE levels were measured among a subset of 2104 participants using an immunoassay. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pancreatic cancer in association with anti-HT medications. Increased risk of pancreatic cancer was found among users of short-acting CCB (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.20–2.28) and long-term (≥3 years) users of short-acting CCB (HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42–3.02) compared to users of other anti-HT medications. Average sRAGE levels were lower in short-acting CCB users than users of other anti-HT medications (1173 versus 1454 pg/mL, p = 0.038). Non-statistically significant reduced risk of pancreatic cancer was found among users of β-blockers (HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.60–1.07). Average sRAGE levels were higher in β-blockers users than users of other anti-HT medications (1692 versus 1454 pg/mL, p > 0.05). Future studies are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate potential mechanisms by which anti-HT medications influence development of pancreatic cancer.
A model for the detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma circulating tumor cells

Metastatic disease is the leading cause of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) associated death. PDAC cells invade and enter the bloodstream early, before frank malignancy can be detected. Our objective was to develop an in vivo assay enabling the identification and quantification of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from primary orthotopic PDAC tumors. Human PDAC cells expressing luciferase and green fluorescent protein were orthotopically injected into the pancreas of mice utilizing ultrasound guidance. Bioluminescent imaging was conducted to identify and track tumor growth. CTCs were then isolated and analyzed by flow cytometry to detect GFP-expressing cancer cells. Tumor growth as measured by bioluminescent imaging increased over time. The concentration of CTCs correlated with the strength of bioluminescent imaging signal. In addition, livers bearing macroscopic disease were harvested for further imaging under fluorescence stereomicroscopy and confocal microscopy, which confirmed the presence of metastases. This study represents an orthotopic animal model that reliably detects the presence of CTCs from PDAC. There is a positive correlation between the concentrations of CTCs with overall tumor burden.
Earlier Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy of Crohn’s Disease Correlates with Slower Progression of Bowel Damage

Crohn’s disease (CD) follows a relapsing and remitting course incurring cumulative bowel damage over time. The question of whether or not the timing of the initiating biologic therapy affects long-term disease progression remains unanswered. Herein, we calculated rates of change in the Lemann index—which quantifies accumulated bowel damage—as a function of the time between the disease onset and initiation of biologic therapy. We aimed to explore the impact of the earlier introduction of biologics on the rate of progression of long-term cumulative bowel damage. Medical records of CD patients treated during 2009–2014 at The Mount Sinai Hospital were queried. Inclusion criteria were two comprehensive assessments allowing calculation of the index at t1 and t2: two time-points ≥ 1 year apart. Patients with biologics introduced before or within 3 months at inclusion (t1) were defined as Bio-pre-t1 and those who did not as Bio-post-t1. The rate of disease progression was calculated as the change in the index per year during t1–t2. A total of 88 patients were studied: 58 Bio-pre-t1 and 30 Bio-post-t1. Among the 58 Bio-pre-t1 cases, damage progressed in 29 (50%), regressed in 20 (34.5%), and stabilized in 9 (15.5%). Median time to initiation of biologics among patients whose index improved was nominally shorter compared to that in patients whose index progressed (8 vs. 15 years). Earlier introduction of biologics tended to correlate with the slower rate of progression (ρ = 0.241; p = 0.069). Earlier introduction of biologics tended to correlate with the slower progression of bowel damage in CD, reflected by the reduced rate of Lemann index progression.
Laparoscopic Anti-reflux Surgery: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a mainstay of management of morbid obesity, particularly in individuals with significant weight-related medical comorbidities, but it also represents an effective therapeutic option for select patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The purpose of this chapter is to describe the appropriate population that may benefit from RYGB as management of GERD, specific surgical techniques for the performance of REYGB, perioperative management, and management of special situations and postoperative complications.
Return Dispersion and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns

Stock returns can have positive and negative sensitivity to the cross-sectional standard deviation of returns or return dispersion (RD). To capture asymmetric RD effects, we propose a new asset pricing model dubbed the ZCAPM that takes into account beta risk associated with the market factor and zeta risk related to positive and negative RD factor movements. To deal with the unobservable sign of the RD sensitivity, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to fit the ZCAPM to data. Out-of-sample cross-sectional tests of U.S. stock portfolios yield highly significant estimates for the market price of zeta risk with t-statistics normally in the range of 3 to 6. Our results for zeta risk dominate loadings of popular multifactors, which are less significant across different test assets and sample periods. Strikingly, cross-sectional regression R-squared values for the ZCAPM as high as 94 percent are obtained for size and book-to-market sorted portfolios. Moreover, estimates of the market premium for zeta risk are economically substantial. We conclude that the ZCAPM represents a major innovation in asset pricing for academic research and investment practice.
Categorical models for process planning

Process plans provide a structure for 1) identifying the tasks involved in a given process, 2) the resources needed to accomplish them, and 3) a variety of relationships and constraints between these. This information guides important operational decisions across various organizational levels, from the factory floor to the global supply chain. Efficient use of this information requires a concrete analytical model that can be easily represented in digital form. In this paper we present a modeling framework for process plans based on a branch of mathematics called category theory (CT). Specifically, string diagrams provide an intuitive yet precise graphical syntax for describing symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs), mathematical structures which support serial and parallel composition. Ideal for process representation, these structures also support a powerful mathematical toolkit. Here we use these tools to analyze the relationship between different levels of abstraction in process planning hierarchy. Our goal in this paper is to provide a precise mathematical account of similarities across levels of process hierarchy; to relate high-level axiomatization of the relationships across levels and to provide sound theoretical foundations for manipulations across levels.
Multiple Representations of Topographic Pattern and Geographic Context Determine Barrier Dune Resistance, Resilience, and the Overlap of Coastal Biogeomorphic Models

We compared two biogeomorphic models that postulate how vegetation is intertwined in the response and recovery of barrier island dunes. Each model was developed in a separate coastal region using d...
Pre-college STEM camps as developmental context: Mediational relations between gender, career decidedness, socioemotional development, and engagement

Abstract One potential mechanism to mitigate the underrepresentation of females within STEM is the use of Out-of-School-Time programs and camps with supportive staff, instructors, and parallel orientation towards socioemotional development. This study examines factors which may mediate the relation between gender and STEM career aspiration within a pre-collegiate week-long STEM camp experience among a sample of 365 adolescent campers. Campers were an average of 15.58 years old, primarily white (69.8%), and male (51.8%). The results of the mediational structural equation model (SEM) suggested socioemotional development did not mediate the relation between gender and career decidedness, and there was no statistical difference between male and female STEM career decidedness. The lack of effect could be a result of the systematic and ongoing emphasis towards the development of STEM skills and aspiration within minority and underrepresented groups, specifically females.
The Social Responsibility of Multinationals: From an Afterthought to Center Stage

How has the social responsibility of multinationals (MNEs) changed over the past 50 years? This chapter provides a brief historical tour of MNEs and social issues from the late 1960s to the present. I argue that from the late 1960s forward, scholars in economics and international business (IB) focused on the economic impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) with some concern for political impacts; whereas international political economy (IPE) scholars paid more attention to political and social issues. It has only been in the past 15 years that the social responsibility of MNEs moved from an afterthought to a mainstream subject of inquiry for most MNE scholars. My arguments are documented through a review of key books and writings together with a personal history of my own research. I then review Schlegelmilch and Szőcs (2020) and argue that the book moves the social responsibility of MNEs literature forward in several ways.
WHAT AND WHEN TO DO? A CASE OF ASYMPTOMATIC PULMONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM

Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is defined as pulmonary artery (PA) diameter of over 4 cm. It is associated with congenital heart diseases, vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and infection, but idiopathic PAAs have also been identified. While advances in diagnostic imaging have increased the
A Murine Model of Lyme Disease Demonstrates That Borrelia burgdorferi Colonizes the Dura Mater and Induces Inflammation in the Central Nervous System

Lyme disease, which is caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and related species, can lead to inflammatory pathologies affecting the joints, heart, and nervous systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Inbred laboratory mice are effective models for characterizing B. burgdorferi infection kinetics and host immune responses in joints and heart tissues; however, similar studies are lacking in the CNS of these animals. Here we characterize the kinetics of B. burgdorferi colonization and associated immune responses in the CNS of infected C3H mice during early and subacute infection. B. burgdorferi colonized the dura mater following needle or tick challenge, and induced expression of inflammatory cytokines and a robust IFN response as well as histopathological changes. A sterile IFN response in the absence of B. burgdorferi or inflammatory cytokines was unique to the brain parenchyma, and could provide insights into the mechanism of inflammatory CNS pathology associated with this important pathogen.
Prelude to a Unique Presidency: Preparation, Expectations, and Judgment

This chapter begins with an examination of the relevance of Trump’s CEO experience to his presidency. His was not a typical business career and that unorthodox experience helped shape an equally unorthodox presidency. Trump’s success at building a business empire is instructive for his efforts to build its political equivalent. There are similarities—ambition, a can-do spirit, vision, courage, determination, flexibility, an astute sense of timing, and discipline. There are also lessons to be carried into this presidency regarding resilience and successfully coming back from an almost catastrophic business failure. These experiences are likely to be helpful as he navigates the national consequences connected with the Coronavirus pandemic and its aftermath. However, Trump did have to learn how to be a possibly successful president and move on from the many sobering surprises about the office that he found on assuming it, and for which he was not prepared by his CEO experience. The chapter concludes by examining the large range of Trump’s presidential interests, his presidential work patterns, and his approach to the core function of any presidency—his decision making style and judgment.
The Queer Ladder of Social Mobility: Illegal Enterprise in the Anthracite Mining Region of Pennsylvania in the Interwar Decades (1917–1945)

Northeastern Pennsylvania’s anthracite coal output pinnacled in 1917 and declined precipitously in the 1920s. Mining and its cognate industries shed more than 60,000 jobs between the World Wars. The working class absorbed the dual shock of local deindustrialization and national depression the same way they handled the day-to-day insecurities of the anthracite industry: community solidarity and economy-of-favors, philanthropy, government assistance, and not least, illegal enterprise. Challenging the oral histories and collective memories of the period that center on honest hardwork and self-reliance, this chapter presents a complicated response to protracted unemployment as it surveys the landscape of illegal enterprise across the region, including illegal mining, coal and alcohol bootlegging, and commercialized vice. This chapter argues that illegal enterprise was crucial in reproducing the working class, generating revenue for local governments, and sustaining the region as it transitioned to manufacturing after 1945.
Thieme MedOne Education Review

The Thieme MedOne Education platform offers a complete e-book library of medical textbooks for students, instructors, and clinicians. Designed to cover all courses in the medical school curriculum,...
The Evolution of Language and Rule-Governed Behavior

Language is a form of behavior, the most significant feature of which is instructional control. Most of the behavior performed by children after they develop the rudiments of verbal behavior is maintained (at least in part) by language. Obviously, this does not mean that children spontaneously follow the verbal instructions given by their parents and teachers. It only means that as children gain verbal skills, their behavior quickly comes under the influence of a large number of competing verbal sources –– including their own verbal behavior. One of the most fascinating features of instructional control is the fact that verbal stimuli may override the effects of natural (direct-acting) contingencies (Catania, 1992).
Recent Advances in SRS on Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using Thermal Cycling Absorption Process

AbstractThe recent Thermal Cycling Absorption Process (TCAP) advances at Savannah River Site (SRS) include compressor-free concept for heating/cooling, push and pull separation using an active inverse column, and compact column design. The new developments allow significantly higher throughput and better reliability from 1/10th of the current production system’s footprint while consuming 60% less energy. Various versions are derived in the meantime for external customers to be used in fusion energy projects and medical isotope production.
Limitations of relational data base access controls

This article discusses data security and controls, primarily in the context of data base management systems (DBMSs), with an emphasis on basic principles and mechanisms that have been successfully used by practitioners in actual products and systems. The general discussion does not focus on particular products, although a later section does review several products to illustrate previously discussed concepts. The discussion of data bases is limited specifically to relational DBMSs, which store data in relations that have specific mathematical properties. All examples given are in SQL. It is assumed that readers are familiar with rudimentary concepts of relational data bases and SQL. This article begins with a review of basic security objectives, followed by a discussion of access controls in the current generation of commercially available DBMSs. The problem of multilevel security is then introduced, including a review of techniques developed specifically for multilevel security.
BasketBallBot: Developing an intelligent controls teaching platform using LabView, MATLAB, and Arduino

Fuzzy logic seeks to express human modes of reasoning and decision making in a mathematical form. This is evident in its terminology such as “linguistic variables” defined over a “universe of discourse”. By taking human expressions such as “very high” or “pretty cold” and defining them in a mathematical context, expert operator knowledge can be transferred from verbal descriptions into automated control algorithms regardless of the operator's familiarity with control systems. Because fuzzy logic is designed to be easily comparable with human thought, it makes an excellent first exposure to control systems concepts to high school and undergraduate students. This project demonstrates how a complete fuzzy inference system can be constructed using educational tools already in the hands of high school students throughout the country through the FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) competitions. This work combines data from several sensors (encoders, camera vision and ultrasonic ranging) to control a robot to aim and shoot a basketball through a hoop.
A surface brightness analysis of eight RR Lyrae stars

We have used a surface brightness, (V-R) relation to analyze new contemporaneous photometry and radial velocity data for 6 RR-ab type stars and to re-analyze previously published data for RR Lyrae and X Arietis. Systematic effects were found in the surface brightness at phases near minimum radius. Excluding these phases, we determine the slope of the surface brightness relation and the mean radius for each star. We also find a zero point which includes both a distance term and the zero point of the surface brightness relation.
Computation of Premixed-Charge Combustion in Pancake and Pent-Roof Engines

Multidimensional computations were made of spark-ignited premixed-charge combustion in a pancake-combustion-chamber engine with a centrally located spark plug and in two pent-roof-chamber engines, one with a central spark plug and the other with dual lateral spark plugs. A global combustion submodel was used that accounts for laminar kinetics and turbulent mixing effects. The predictions are compared with available measurements in the pancake-chamber engine over a range of loads, speeds, and equivalence ratios. A sensitivity study was performed to understand the sources of discrepancies between the predictions and measurements. It was found that the discrepancies could be explained through uncertainties in the gas temperature, turbulence intensity and length scale existing in the chamber prior to combustion.