cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entanglement entropy and anomaly inflow

We study entanglement entropy for parity-violating (time-reversal breaking) quantum field theories on ${\mathbb{R}}^{1,2}$ in the presence of a domain wall between two distinct parity-odd phases. The domain wall hosts a $1+1$-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) with nontrivial chiral central charge. Such a CFT possesses gravitational anomalies. It has been shown recently that, as a consequence, its intrinsic entanglement entropy is sensitive to Lorentz boosts around the entangling surface. Here, we show using various methods that the entanglement entropy of the three-dimensional bulk theory is also sensitive to such boosts owing to parity-violating effects, and that the bulk response to a Lorentz boost precisely cancels the contribution coming from the domain wall CFT. We argue that this can naturally be interpreted as entanglement inflow (i.e., inflow of entanglement entropy analogous to the familiar Callan-Harvey effect) between the bulk and the domain-wall, mediated by the low-lying states in the entanglement spectrum. These results can be generally applied to $2+1$-d topological phases of matter that have edge theories with gravitational anomalies, and provide a precise connection between the gravitational anomaly of the physical edge theory and the low-lying spectrum of the entanglement Hamiltonian.
Improving UV Resistance of Fibers: Idealized Computational Model Predicting the Distribution of UV Blocking Cylindrical Nanoparticles in Protective Polymeric Layer:

High strength fibers such as PBO and Kevlar are used to produce composites, bulletproof vests, tendons of giant scientific balloons, and other high performance products. These fibers, however, are known to degrade upon exposure to Ultraviolet (UV) radiation which causes premature failure of the end-products. Improving UV resistance of high strength fibers like PBO through methods such as adding UV inhibiting particles during filament spinning or dyeing/coating process is not only extremely difficult, but often fails to provide the adequate UV protection. As an alternative to conventional approaches, UV protection of high performance yarns/braids can be effectively achieved by covering them with a polymeric sheath containing dispersed UV inhibiting nanoparticles. In this work, a computational model was developed to optimize critical factors such as thickness (weight) of the protective sheath and the amount of UV blockers for a given particle size, which influence the UV protective efficiency of the sheath. In order to simulate three-dimensional dispersion of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, the model considers a random distribution of cylindrical nanoparticles of different size, aspect ratio, and volume fraction in a three-dimensional volume of protective sheath of a given length, width, and thickness. 2D visualization and image analysis techniques were utilized to determine the area projected by the particles on the x-y plane (areal coverage provided by nanoparticles). The areal coverage values obtained from the model were found to be higher than the experimental results due to the agglomeration of nanoparticles in the sheath caused during the polymer compounding process. However, the purpose of the model is to serve as a benchmarking tool to aid in the design and development of UV protective sheaths and films, and not to estimate absolute UV protection values. Analysis of the relationship between areal coverage and various input parameters in the model show that areal coverage increases with an increase in particle volume fraction and film thickness, and a decrease in particle diameter and length. It was also found that areal coverage was more significantly influenced by particle aspect ratio than by particle length.
The Effect of Heading Frequency on Comprehension of Print Versus Online Information

INTRODUCTION For technical communicators, writing, editing, and designing information for different audiences is becoming an increasingly complex task. Today’s technical communicators still have the same goals as technical communicators of 10 years ago, but the media choices available are varied and more complex, and can require a variety of rhetorical strategies. Although the idea of a paperless society has almost disappeared, the Internet has become a part of standard document design practices and everyday reading experiences. The Internet often mimics the print world when print material is transferred to Web pages without much change in format or content. We believe that this direct transfer of material from one medium to another results in less than optimal reading materials and a potential challenge for readers. At this point, empirical research about the design of print documents is one of the resources technical communicators can examine to learn more about document design in general. One area of empirical research with considerable information concerning print documents is that of “signaling.” Text signals consist of preview statements, overview sentences, headings, and other cues about the content and structure of a text. Empirical studies tell us that when readers who are “reading to learn” encounter signals in print text, they are better able to comprehend new or difficult information. These signals help readers create mental roadmaps or schemata of a text’s structure and content that in turn help them absorb new information. As readers take in new information, they instantiate existing schemata, adapt them as needed to fit the new information, and at times, even reject the new information. We know much about print-based text signals, yet there are still gaps in the research. Further, very little research has specifically examined the nuances of how to best use or design text signals online. Schultz and Spyridakis (2004) investigated the effect of heading frequency on the comprehension and perceptions of readers of online text. However, to date, no work has explored the effect of heading frequency on readers of print documents. Thus, the current study expands on Schultz and Spyridakis’s online study to assess the effect of heading frequency in print text and also compares the print-based results with their online results (2004). Specifically, this article investigates the effect of heading frequency and display medium on readers’ comprehension and perceptions of text. The findings should help document designers better understand the ongoing debate as to whether readers perform the same with print and online documents, and whether design features that may be helpful or harmful in one medium will elicit the same results from users in another medium.
Theta-function representation for particle-in-a-box propagator

The propagatorK(x, x′, t) for the one-dimensional particle in a box is shown to be expressible in terms of the theta-function θ3(ζ/τ). In the transformation to the Green’s functionG(x, x′, E), new formulae for fourier transforms of the theta-functions are derived.
Frameless Stereotactic Imaging Techniques in Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery

Frameless stereotactic imaging is widely used in intracranial neurosurgical procedures to locate pathology precisely and decrease the morbidity of traditional open exploratory procedures. However, the clinical application of computer-assisted image-guided spinal surgery has not been widely accepted owing to the time-consuming and arduous nature of maintaining accurate registration coordinates. Frameless spinal stereotaxy is an evolving adjunct to the surgeon’s anatomical knowledge and skill. Newer technology involving intraoperative real-time image acquisition and user-friendly instruments will undoubtedly improve the popularity of this technology in complex spinal procedures. Currently, computer image-guided spinal surgery is used for the placement of pedicle screws; transarticular C1–C2 fixation; transoral odontoid resection; anterior cervical corpectomies; and, most recently, in endoscopic spinal surgery.
Ketamine augmentation for outpatients with treatment-resistant depression: Preliminary evidence for two-step intravenous dose escalation:

Objective:Preliminary evidence supports the safety and efficacy of subanesthetic ketamine as an experimental antidepressant, although its effects are often not sustained beyond one week. Studies ar...
Research for a Uniform Quality Grading System for Tires. II. Wheel Speed Capability Test

Abstract The wheel speed capability of a tire is defined by a test method which determines the speed at which the tire fails on a laboratory test wheel. Data is reported on over 100 different passenger car tires of all grades and types over a range of sizes. A scaling system is devised for this property. It is found that the system produces consistent results for tires of given manufacturer's nominal grade across the size range tested and for samples produced several months apart.
Note on the Change of a Specific Name of New Guinea Culex (Lophoceraomyia) (Diptera: Culicidae)

Since the name Culex canfusus which has been used for the description of a new species of the subgenus Laphoceraomyia (Sirivanakarn 1968, Pacific Insects Monograph 17: 105) is ajunior homonym of Culex ( Culex ) confusus Baisas (1938), a new name , Culex ( Laphaceraomyia ) singuawaensis Sirivanakarn, is proposed here to replace Culex ( Laphoceraomyia ) confusus Sirivanakarn in accordance with Article 53 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as adopted by the XV International Congress of Zoology.
The Process of Innovation and the Diffusion of Innovation

“Innovate or Perish” is the marketer's cry of the 1960s. And “Perish as You Innovate” could well be the marketing slogan of the 1970s.But several questions arise.Can innovation be programed to occu...
The Conilurine Rodent Radiation of Australia, Analyzed on the Basis of Phallic Morphology

The morphology of the penis is described for all genera (19 species, 38 specimens) of conilurine rodents. In addition, 11 species (37 specimens) of non-conilurine rodents (from Australasia) have been included for outgroup comparisons. A total of 46 characters were recorded for each penis. Both phenetic and cladistic clustering techniques were utilized in a search for phylogenetic insights. Intraspecific variation was assessed using 10 individuals from the genus Leggadina (expanded sense). All species studied, aside from Rattus , share the same allometric relation between bacular length and body length. However, bacular robustness and the relative size of the distal element provide taxonomically useful information. Results support the conclusion that the conilurines are more closely related to the other three tribes of the Subfamily Hydromyinae than they are to other murids such as Rattus . We support their recognition as a tribe (Conilurini) within the subfamily. Three genera are proposed to encompass the Pseudomys-Leggadina complex: Pseudomys, Gyomys , and Leggadina . Gyomys incorporates fumeus, albocinereus, apodemoides , and shortridgei , while Leggadina includes hermannsburgensis, delicatula , and forresti . Notomys is allied to this complex but remains generically distinct. Leporillus associates more with Conilurus and Mesembriomys than with Zyzomys or Pseudomys . Mastacomys is closest to Pseudomys .
A synthetic biochemistry module for production of bio-based chemicals from glucose

Synthetic biochemistry, the cell-free production of biologically based chemicals, is a potentially high-yield, flexible alternative to in vivo metabolic engineering. To limit costs, cell-free systems must be designed to operate continuously with minimal addition of feedstock chemicals. We describe a robust, efficient synthetic glucose breakdown pathway and implement it for the production of bioplastic. The system's performance suggests that synthetic biochemistry has the potential to become a viable industrial alternative.
The Marketing of the Historically Black College

In spite of limited financial resources and other environmental factors, historically black colleges have made substantial contributions to modern society. Now, many rapidly changing factors are adversely affecting black colleges and their enrollments. Only those colleges that effectively market themeselves will experience dynamic growth and vitality. This paper will delineate marketing strategies which will help black institutions evolve within a changing academic community.
Smoking, pregnancy and the subgingival microbiome

The periodontal microbiome is known to be altered during pregnancy as well as by smoking. However, despite the fact that 2.1 million women in the United States smoke during their pregnancy, the potentially synergistic effects of smoking and pregnancy on the subgingival microbiome have never been studied. Subgingival plaque was collected from 44 systemically and periodontally healthy non-pregnant nonsmokers (control), non-pregnant smokers, pregnant nonsmokers and pregnant smokers and sequenced using 16S-pyrotag sequencing. 331601 classifiable sequences were compared against HOMD. Community ordination methods and co-occurrence networks were used along with non-parametric tests to identify differences between groups. Linear Discriminant Analysis revealed significant clustering based on pregnancy and smoking status. Alpha diversity was similar between groups, however, pregnant women (smokers and nonsmokers) demonstrated higher levels of gram-positive and gram-negative facultatives, and lower levels of gram-negative anaerobes when compared to smokers. Each environmental perturbation induced distinctive co-occurrence patterns between species, with unique network anchors in each group. Our study thus suggests that the impact of each environmental perturbation on the periodontal microbiome is unique, and that when they are superimposed, the sum is greater than its parts. The persistence of these effects following cessation of the environmental disruption warrants further investigation.
Non-Clinical Study Examining AAV8.TBG.hLDLR Vector-Associated Toxicity in Chow-Fed Wild-Type and LDLR+/− Rhesus Macaques

Vectors based on adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) have been evaluated in several clinical trials of gene therapy for hemophilia B with encouraging results. In preparation for a Phase 1 clinical trial of AAV8 gene therapy for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH), the safety of the clinical candidate vector, AAV8.TBG.hLDLR, was evaluated in wild-type rhesus macaques and macaques heterozygous for a nonsense mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene (LDLR+/−). Intravenous infusion of 1.25 × 1013 GC/kg of AAV8.TBG.hLDLR expressing the human version of LDLR was well tolerated and associated with only mild histopathology that was restricted to the liver and sporadic, low-level, and transient elevations in transaminases. Some animals developed T cells to both capsid and the hLDLR transgene, although these adaptive immune responses were most evident at the early time points from peripheral blood and in mononuclear cells derived from the liver. This toxicology ...
PIV measurements of turbulent flows in a 61-pin wire-wrapped hexagonal fuel bundle

Abstract The current work experimentally investigates the flow characteristics in the near-wall region of the 61-pin wire-wrapped hexagon fuel bundle via the matched-index-of-refraction technique. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were taken in the region near the surfaces of the pins, wires and enclosure wall at the Reynolds number of 19,000. From the obtained PIV velocity vector fields, flow statistics such as mean velocity and root-mean-square fluctuating velocity profiles were computed. In addition, spatial-temporal cross-correlations of velocity-velocity and pressure-velocity were analyzed. A strong correlation between the wall fluctuating pressure signal and flow structures was observed. Finally, we applied the POD analysis to the vorticity snapshots obtained in the near-wall region to reveal the dominant flow structures. It was found that the large-scale structures were elongated and aligned with the mean flow direction.
The development of an underwater pulsed compressive line sensing imaging system

Compressive Line Sensing (CLS) imaging system is a compressive sensing (CS) based imaging system with the goal of developing a compact and resource efficient imaging system for the degraded visual environment. In the CLS system, each line segment is sensed independently; however, the correlation among the adjacent lines (sources) is exploited via the joint sparsity in the distributed compressing sensing model during signal reconstruction. Several different CLS prototypes have been developed. This paper discusses the development of a pulsed CLS system. Initial experimental results using this system in a turbid water environment are presented.
Assessing Risk Factors for Developing Seizures in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease/Mild Cognitive Impairment (P03.134)

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the risk factors for developing epilepsy in our patients diagnosed with Alzheimer9s Disease(AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI). BACKGROUND: The incidence of epilepsy increases progressively in old age. New onset epilepsy in the elderly is usually symptomatic, even though a considerable proportion of patients have no identified etiology. AD is the most common degenerative disease of the CNS and the most common cause of dementia. AD is a recognized risk factor for epilepsy. AD is associated with increased levels of β amyloid (A β) plaques and it is possible that these plaques facilitate the development of epilepsy in AD patients. DESIGN/METHODS: This was a retrospective study using Drexel University Neurology clinic records. 69 patients had a diagnosis of AD or MCI and epilepsy. Patients who had a diagnosis of seizures prior to onset of cognitive impairment, patients who had seizures and cognitive impairment secondary to traumatic brain injury, and patients who had other medical factors which could cause seizures were excluded. 30 of the 69 patients fit the inclusion criteria. Multiple clinical parameters were extracted from patient charts and evaluated to characterize the risk factors for developing epilepsy in patients with AD or MCI including: gender, race, age, duration and severity of dementia. RESULTS: All 30 subjects had seizure onset from 2 to 6 years after diagnosis of AD/MCI. The median time to first seizure was 2-3 years. There was no statistically significant difference in seizure onset after cognitive impairment among African American, Caucasian and Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that we can use the time frame between onset of cognitive dysfunction and seizure onset as a possible index to predict the effect of other risk factors in seizure occurrence. The majority of patients manifested as complex partial seizures. There was no correlation between seizure onset and severity of dementia. Disclosure: Dr. Edwards has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ansari has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pillai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lippa has received compensation in an editorial capacity from Sage Publications. Dr. Lippa has received research support from ELAN/Wyeth and UCB Pharma.
Locus of control and the direction of lethal violence: Cross national analysis, research note

Abstract Previous work has suggested that economic development affects the direction of lethal violence through a civilizing process wherein there is a shift from an internal to an external locus of control. However, data were not available to measure locus of control. The present work assesses the relationship between a measure of control and the direction of lethal violence or SHR (suicide rate/(suicide + homicide rates)). Data representing 53 nations are merged from the world values survey and the world health organization. The results of a multiple regression analysis show that locus of control is unrelated to the direction of violence. While development fosters internal locus of control, the link between development and direction of violence is not explained by locus of control.
Dynamics of high frequency brain activity

Evidence suggests that electroencephalographic (EEG) activity extends far beyond the traditional frequency range. Much of the prior study of >120 Hz EEG is in epileptic brains. In the current work, we measured EEG activity in the range of 200 to 2000 Hz, in the brains of healthy, spontaneously behaving rats. Both arrhythmic (1/f-type) and rhythmic (band) activities were identified and their properties shown to depend on EEG-defined stage of sleep/wakefulness. The inverse power law exponent of 1/f-type noise is shown to decrease from 3.08 in REM and 2.58 in NonREM to a value of 1.99 in the Waking state. Such a trend represents a transition from long- to short-term memory processes when examined in terms of the corresponding Hurst index. In addition, treating the 1/f-type activity as baseline noise reveals the presence of two, newly identified, high frequency EEG bands. The first band (ψ) is centered between 260–280 Hz; the second, and stronger, band is a broad peak in the 400–500 Hz range (termed ω). Both of these peaks display lognormal distributions. The functional significance of these frequency bands is supported by the variation in the strength of the peaks with EEG-defined sleep/wakefulness.
Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in seven patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis from uterine sarcoma

Peritoneal sarcomatosis from uterine sarcoma is a rare disease with no effective treatment and poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) has successful results in peritoneal carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal/gynecological origins. We show that CRS/HIPEC is safe, feasible, and may benefit selected patients with peritoneal sarcomatosis from uterine sarcoma.
Mary's Blood

It was Mary's blood made him, her blood sieved through meaty placenta to feed him, grow him, though Luke wrote she was no more than the cup he was planted in, a virgin no man ever pressed against or urged who could barely catch eyes with the towering angel but felt God come to her like light through glass, like a fingerprint left on glass; still, it's hard to believe she never wanted to be rid of the thing inside her, wasn't shamed carrying him, the child's perfect head pointing at the ground and rubbing her cervix like the round earth rubbing the thin wall of the sky that holds it. All women reach the time of wanting it out but not wanting it out, not knowing what's coming, so she must have spread her legs in anguish because what was inside pressing her membranes for release was both herself and a stranger; and she must have clenched her teeth
Appendix (Numerical Tables)

(Tables 23–1 and 23–7 are from the Pharmacopeia of the United States of America, 17th Revision (1965); all others are from Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 10th Ed. (1965). Reproduced by courtesy of the U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention and the Association of Official Analytical Chemists respectively.)
Anabolic and Androgenic Steroids

Androgens are steroid hormones that possess virilizing (androgenic) actions and, consequently, serve to stimulate differentiation and maintenance of the androgen-dependent tissues of the male reproductive system. These hormones also play an important role in facilitating protein synthesis (anabolic actions) in androgen-sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle, the kidneys, and bone. The fact that testosterone and related hormones produce both androgenic and anabolic actions has been recognized since the 1930s. Not surprisingly, much effort has been devoted since then to the development of androgens that are devoid of virilizing actions. To a certain extent, this has been accomplished with the synthesis of 19-nortestosterone derivatives of the natural androgen, testosterone.
Housing Quality and Racial Disparities in Low Birth Weight: A GIS Assessment

Geospatial technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics allow researchers to analyze conceptually meaningful spatial datasets on environmental health topics to target interventions and generate new hypotheses for future research. This environmental health study focuses on the relationship between racial residential segregation, housing quality and value and low birth weight in the city of Flint, Michigan. A GIS was constructed with aerial imagery as the base; and maps of racial residential segregation and tax parcels -i.e., building footprints overlaid to examine the effect of maternal exposure to housing quality and value on low birth weight in these neighborhoods. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was used to analyze these spatial datasets. The findings from this research showed that substandard and well-maintained housing were dispersed throughout the city of Flint, with a higher density of substandard housing in areas of segregation and concentrated poverty. Pregnant mothers living in well-maintained housing in racially mixed neighborhoods received some protection compared to similar mothers living in housing with minor disrepairs. This protection was not observed for mothers living in well-maintained housing in highly segregated neighborhoods, controlling for the same risk factors. GIS and spatial statistics were essential tools in this environmental health study.
The Power of Unresolved Interactively Established Contracts

Ms. Gomez used three types of power to attempt to simultaneously develop a classroom culture that provided an environment in which the students felt safe to talk about anything and enforce the system’s academic and behavior rules as closely as possible—normative power, interactively established contracts, and coercive power. She did not use charm.
A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING APPROACH TO INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE DESIGN

Abstract Structured analysis and object oriented approaches to information system requirements analysis and design are discussed. It is argued that the design of an information architecture is an essential step in an uncertain environment, when the rates of external and internal change and the rate of technological change are high. Executable models based on Colored Petri Nets enhance the object oriented approach for use in systems engineering.
Profiling of atmospheric turbulence along a path using two beacons and a Hartmann turbulence sensor

The Hartmann Turbulence Sensor (HTS) is an optical system capable of estimating several atmospheric turbulence parameters, such as Greenwood frequency, Fried’s coherence diameter and inner scale of turbulence. It primarily comprises of a 40 cm Meade telescope, a 32 x 32 Shack- Hartmann lenslet array, and a high-speed camera. The HTS estimates the turbulence parameters by measuring the local tilts of the aberrated wavefront coming from a laser source and incident at the pupil plane of the telescope. At the Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT), a technique has been developed to measure the distribution of turbulence along an experimental path using the HTS and two laser sources of the same wavelength. By measuring the variances of the difference in wavefront tilts due to the two sources sensed by a pair of Hartmann subapertures with varying separations, turbulence information along the path can be extracted. The method relies on deriving a set of weighting functions, each weighting function dipping to zero at a range where the two sensing paths from the beacons to the subapertures intersect, thus canceling out the effect of turbulence at this location on the differential tilt signal. The analytical expression for the path weighting functions has been derived here. The technique has been applied to experimental data collected over a 500 m grassy path and the profiling results have been compared to a co-located scintillometer. This work will eventually aid in obtaining a better understanding of turbulence in the lower atmosphere and how it varies with height.
Perceptions and Utilization of Lung Cancer Screening Among Smokers Enrolled in a Tobacco Cessation Program.

Abstract Background Although lung cancer screening (LCS) with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality in high-risk patients, most of those eligible are not referred for screening. Tobacco cessation counseling may be an opportune time to educate people about LCS, but little is known about the utilization and perceptions of LCS among people undergoing tobacco cessation treatment. Materials and Methods We surveyed 185 current smokers, including 122 smokers between the ages of 55 and 80 years, who were attending a tobacco cessation class in a large integrated health care system regarding lung cancer risk perception and perceived benefits, harms, and barriers to LCS. We analyzed results according to whether participants had already undergone LCS and also whether they had undergone colorectal cancer screening. Results A minority (18.9%) of participants had undergone LCS, and no participant who had not undergone LCS was familiar with LCS. Perceived lung cancer risk was high, and screening was believed to be beneficial. Common barriers included being a current smoker (56.6%), worrying about test results (52.5%), lack of knowledge about the test (50.8%), absence of symptoms of lung cancer (40.2%), costs of the study (35.2%), and worrying about being blamed for having smoked (33.6%). Perceived risk and barriers to LDCT were similar among people who had or had not previously undergone colorectal cancer screening. Conclusions Utilization of LCS was low, and few smokers were aware of LDCT for LCS. A number of patient-related barriers to screening exist among smokers. Tobacco cessation counseling may be an opportune time to provide education regarding LCS with LDCT.
11th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research.

The 11th Annual Conference on Vaccine Research, hosted by the National Foundation for Infectious Disease, attracted approximately 450 leaders in the fields of epidemiology, health economics, immunology and vaccinology, making it the largest scientific meeting devoted exclusively to vaccine research and technology. The conference highlighted recent advancements in vaccine design, including the discovery of new adjuvants, cytokines and regulatory pathways. Other topics included a comprehensive overview of the development and uses of cutaneous vaccination and a discussion of recently licensed vaccines against the human papillomavirus, herpes zoster virus, meningococcal disease and rotavirus and a discussion on the importance of redesigning and increasing the coverage of the influenza vaccine. Keynote remarks were provided by the demographer and economist David E Bloom (Harvard School of Public Health, USA), who argued that traditional economic evaluations of vaccine interventions have failed to account for t...
Egg Production and Longevity of Lygus hesperus (Hemiptera: Miridae) Adult Females Under Constant and Variable Temperatures

Abstract Changing irrigation practices and rising global temperatures will impact pest insect populations, but limited knowledge of the thermal ecology of individual species prevents accurate model...
An intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition approach to a pyrimidoazepinone derivative. A potentially useful intermediate towards the synthesis of pyrimidoazepine based folic acid derivatives

Abstract An intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition route to the isoxazolinopyrimidoazepine derivative21 is described. This was transformed to the pyrimidoazepinone derivative22, a potentially useful intermediate for the synthesis of pyrimidoazepine based folic acid derivatives. Download : Download full-size image
STRUCTURES, RELATIVE STABILITIES, AND VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA OF ISOMERS OF HCLO3

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been carried out to examine the relative stabilities and the spectroscopy of isomers of HClO3. The lowest energy structure is HOClO2, and its heat of formation at 0 K is calculated to be 4.2 kcal mol-1 as determined from G2 theory. The next lowest energy isomer is a skewed-straight chain HOOOCl. It is 4.9 kcal mol-1 above the lowest energy form. The two higher energy structures are HOOClO and the hypervalent HClO3. An examination of the vibrational and electronic spectra reveals spectral features that allow these species to be uniquely distinguished.
Training in structural heart disease: a fellow’s perspective

When Andreas Gruentzig started an interventional cardiology fellowship in 1980, it is unlikely that he fully anticipated the exponential growth of the field over the next several decades. The spark that he created with the first coronary balloon angioplasty in 1977 ignited a wildfire which has led to the development of myriad catheter-based technologies for cardiac conditions that traditionally require open-heart surgery. Alain Cribier added fuel to the fire when he performed the first transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in 2002, triggering the arms race to develop the technology to treat valvular and structural heart defects with catheter-based systems. In the last decade, the burgeoning field of structural heart disease (SHD) has necessitated the development of formal training programs to provide adequate exposure and ensure competence for fellows-in-training. However, as the field of SHD grows at an exponential pace, there continues to be a lack of standardization across training programs. Additionally, for the fellow-in-training, there are a number of factors to consider when deciding whether to pursue a dedicated year of SHD training.
Assessing Self-Perceived Interprofessional Collaborative Competency on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences Through Interprofessional Simulations.

Objective. Assess the impact of a required interprofessional (IP) simulation during Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) on students’ perception of IP collaborative competence. Methods. Fourth-year pharmacy students completing APPEs were required to participate in one of three IP simulations during the 2016-17 academic year to assess practice-readiness for interprofessional teamwork and collaboration. Pharmacy student self-perception of IP competence was measured by the Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey (ICCAS), administered in a retrospective pre-test/post-test design. The scores were computed as the mean score across the items of the subscale. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics to obtain an overview of the data. Paired t-tests were used to compare the pre-test and post-test results. Results. During the 2016-17 academic year, 157 pharmacy students were assigned to complete an IP simulation. The subscales on the ICCAS survey were categorized into communication, collaboration, roles and responsibility, collaborative patient-centered approach, conflict management, and team functioning. All categories achieved a statistically significant difference from baseline to completion of simulation. Conclusion. Following the IP simulations, students felt competent to engage in IP collaboration and this, along with their performance on APPEs, determined their practice-readiness for IP teamwork.
On Top-k Weighted Sum Aggregate Nearest and Farthest Neighbors in the L1 Plane

In this paper, we study top-k aggregate (or group) nearest neighbor queries using the weighted Sum operator under the L1 metric in the plane. Given a set P of n points, for any query consisting of ...
Adolescent Externalizing Psychopathology and its Prospective Relationship to Marijuana Use Development from Age 14 to 30: Replication Across Independent Longitudinal Twin Samples

Externalizing psychopathology in early adolescence is a highly heritable risk factor for drug use, yet how it relates to marijuana use development is not well-characterized. We evaluate this issue in independent twin samples from Colorado (N = 2608) and Minnesota (N = 3630), assessed from adolescence to early adulthood. We used a biometric latent growth model of marijuana use frequency with data from up to five waves of assessment from ages 14 to 30, to examine change in marijuana use and its relationship with a factor model of adolescent externalizing psychopathology. The factor structure of adolescent externalizing psychopathology was similar across samples, as was the association between that common factor and early marijuana use (Minnesota r = 0.67 [0.60, 0.75]; Colorado r = 0.69 [0.59, 0.78]), and increase in use (Minnesota r = 0.18 [0.10, 0.26]; Colorado r = 0.20 [0.07, 0.34]). Early use was moderately heritable in both samples (Minnesota h2 = 0.57 [0.37, 0.79]; Colorado h2 = 0.42 [0.14, 0.73]). Increase in use was highly heritable in Minnesota (h2 = 0.82 [0.72, 0.88]), less so in Colorado (h2 = 0.22 [0.01, 0.66]), and shared environmental effects were larger in Colorado (c2 = 0.55 [0.14, 0.83]) than Minnesota (c2 = 0 [0, 0.06]). We found moderate genetic correlations between externalizing psychopathology and early use in both samples. Finally, additional analyses in the Minnesota sample indicated that marijuana use decreased during the late 20s. This decline is strongly heritable (h2 = 0.73 [0.49, 0.91]) and moderately negatively correlated with adolescent externalizing psychopathology (r = - 0.41 [- 0.54, - 0.28]). Adolescent externalizing psychopathology is genetically correlated with change in late adolescent marijuana use (late teens, early 20s), as well as maintenance of use in early adulthood (late 20 s) even after controlling for the effects of early use.
Assessing the Effects of Witnessed Parental Conflict and Guilt on Dating Violence Perpetration among South Korean College Students

Aggression in dating relationships is a serious problem that can have long-term negative consequences. While research had been increasing in western societies concomitant with an increasing awareness of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration, studies in Asian societies are still few and far between. This paper examines dating violence perpetration among college students in South Korea. Overall violence, emotional, and physical violence are examined respectively. Witnessed parental conflict is used as the main explanatory variable consistent with much of the literature on intimate partner violence perpetration, and also examines the effect of the self-conscious emotion of guilt on dating violence perpetration. Guilt had been shown in the psychological literature to be prosocial and adaptive, but its role has been largely ignored in the IPV and aggression literature. Both its direct and moderating effects on dating violence are examined. Anonymous surveys were administered to college students in four universities across four cities and four regions in South Korea. Three hundred and thirty students who have had a dating experience are included in the analyses. Results show that both witnessed parental conflict and guilt are independently related to dating violence overall, and also to emotional and physical violence. Guilt moderates the effect of witnessed parental conflict on emotional but not physical violence. A closer examination of the role of self-conscious emotions on dating aggression is important. The results extend the generally western theories of dating violence to South Korea and provide evidence of the relevance of these theories cross-culturally.
Venous Malformations and Associated Syndromes: Diagnosis and Management

Venous malformations are congenital low-flow vascular malformations. Venous malformations commonly present in the skin and superficial soft tissues; they can involve deeper structures. Venous malformations are associated with other vascular anomaly syndromes as well. Common presenting symptoms include swelling, pain, mass effect, and psychosocial stressors. Coagulopathy is observed with diffuse and multifocal lesions. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are useful adjuncts for diagnosis and understanding extent and relationship to adjacent structures. Mainstays of therapy include expectant management, compression, pain control, sclerotherapy, and surgical resection. Multimodal and interdisciplinary care is crucial to provide comprehensive care to patients with venous malformations.
Nonsinusoidal Nozzle Oscillation Functions for Generating Thick-Liquid Pockets for Heavy-Ion Fusion Chambers

Oscillating thick-liquid jets have been proposed to create pockets to provide neutron shielding and droplet clearing at high repetition rate for heavy-ion inertial fusion energy. A procedure is introduced to compute nonsinusoidal nozzle oscillation functions based on the desired pocket geometry at the time of target ignition. The primary goals for creating optimum pocket geometries are discussed, such as complete pocket closing at time of target ignition, avoidance of liquid-liquid collisions that could lead to jetting into the target region, maintenance of a uniform void distribution to avoid the propagation of strong shocks toward the injection nozzles, and consideration of mechanical limitations on the maximum nozzle acceleration. The equation of motion for a horizontally translating nozzle is derived that generates the desired pocket shape. Numerical results are compared to a sinusoidal oscillation function. The same procedure had been applied to a rotating nozzle.
PHOTONIC THERMOMETRY: UPENDING 100 YEAR-OLD PARADIGM IN TEMPERATURE METROLOGY

For the past century, industrial temperature measurements have relied on resistance measurement of a thin metal wire or thin metal film whose resistance varies with temperature. Today’s resistance thermometers can routinely measure temperatures with uncertainties of 10 mK to 100 mK over a broad range of temperatures in varied settings ranging from a stove top to an industrial broiler to a nuclear power plant. However, for all their utility, resistance thermometers remain vulnerable to mechanical and thermal shock and attack from harsh chemicals. The resultant drift in sensor resistance necessitates frequent off-line, expensive, and time-consuming calibrations. These fundamental limitations of resistance thermometry, born of material properties, have generated considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors. Photonic approaches hold the promise of leveraging recent advances in frequency metrology and of achieving greater mechanical and environmental robustness. In recent years many groups including ours have demonstrated a suite of photonic devices including silicon photonic devices that can not only meet but exceed the state of art in temperature metrology
The Iconic Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara): A Comprehensive Assessment of Health Indices in the Southeastern United States Population.

The Atlantic Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara) population has rebounded from near extinction to an international status as vulnerable due in part to regional species recovery efforts. The southeastern US population has been recovering with the main spawning locations off the coasts of Florida. Despite their economic importance to the catch-and-release fishery and the dive industry, and their ecological importance as ecosystem engineers resulting in positive impacts on reefs and species diversity, baseline health assessment information is very limited in this species to date. The objectives of this study were to: (1) establish reference intervals for hematological and plasma biochemical analytes, and report immune function, oxidative stress, and vitellogenin in mature males and females; (2) evaluate total length, age, and sex in relation to blood analytes in juvenile and mature fish; (3) assess analytes across sampled months in mature male and female fish; and (4) describe the typical light microscopy findings in liver and gill biopsies, including quantitative assessment of pigmented macrophage aggregates. Health indices are reported as reference intervals when applicable, or otherwise descriptively. Blood analyte correlations with length and age, sex differences, and comparisons across months provided relevant physiological considerations, including differences in protein/energy metabolism, tissue growth, sexual maturation, active reproduction, and antigenic stimulation. Liver histology identified changes associated with life stage, active reproduction, or of subclinically to clinically insignificant infectious and/or inflammatory processes. Hepatocellular vacuolation and pigmented macrophage aggregates were prominent. Pigmented macrophage aggregates correlated with total length, presumably from continuous antigenic stimulation and/or metabolic changes as fish grow. Gill histological findings were subtle. The data presented herein provide an essential baseline assessment of a suite of health variables in an iconic marine teleost species, serves as a springboard for future studies relevant to conservation physiology, and allows for population-level applications for conservation management and policy.
A cross-sectional study of latent tuberculosis infection, insurance coverage, and usual sources of health care among non-US-born persons in the United States.

ABSTRACT More than 70% of tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed in the United States (US) occur in non-US-born persons, and this population has experienced less than half the recent incidence rate declines of US-born persons (1.5% vs 4.2%, respectively). The great majority of TB cases in non-US-born persons are attributable to reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Strategies to expand LTBI-focused TB prevention may depend on LTBI positive non-US-born persons' access to, and ability to pay for, health care.To examine patterns of health insurance coverage and usual sources of health care among non-US-born persons with LTBI, and to estimate LTBI prevalence by insurance status and usual sources of health care.Self-reported health insurance and usual sources of care for non-US-born persons were analyzed in combination with markers for LTBI using 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 1793 sampled persons. A positive result on an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), a blood test which measures immunological reactivity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, was used as a proxy for LTBI. We calculated demographic category percentages by IGRA status, IGRA percentages by demographic category, and 95% confidence intervals for each percentage.Overall, 15.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.5, 18.7] of non-US-born persons were IGRA-positive. Of IGRA-positive non-US-born persons, 63.0% (95% CI = 55.4, 69.9) had insurance and 74.1% (95% CI = 69.2, 78.5) had a usual source of care. IGRA positivity was highest in persons with Medicare (29.1%; 95% CI: 20.9, 38.9).Our results suggest that targeted LTBI testing and treatment within the US private healthcare sector could reach a large majority of non-US-born individuals with LTBI. With non-US-born Medicare beneficiaries' high prevalence of LTBI and the high proportion of LTBI-positive non-US-born persons with private insurance, future TB prevention initiatives focused on these payer types are warranted.
Localization of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Negative Knowledge Bilateration Techniques.

In this paper, we propose an anchor based localization technique for localization of nodes in wireless sensor networks given range measurements. While much of the research has focused on gathering location information based on existing range measurements, this paper focuses on obtaining location using the knowledge of lack of range information between two nodes termed as negative knowledge. Three variations of the negative knowledge technique are used to develop localization algorithm which include negative knowledge bilateration, joint negative knowledge bilateration and double negative knowledge bilateration. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm localizes significantly more nodes than traditional trilateration. This improvement holds in cases of sparse and dense random networks, connected random networks, and, H-shaped random networks. The number of nodes localized by the proposed algorithm is significantly higher for varying percentage of anchors and varying network radii for each of these types of networks.
Association of the anorectal microbiome and patient-reported gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with anal cancer.

e15504Background: Among patients with anal cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy, the association between the microbiome and toxicity is not well documented. We sought to quantify the gastrointestina...