cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional triple-quantum-filtered 23Na imaging of the dog head in vivo

Multiple-quantum (MQ) -filtered 23Na NMR has been proposed as a means to partially discriminate between intracellular and extracellular sodium. However, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) has been a major obstacle to MQ-filtered 23Na imaging becoming an important technique for biological and clinical applications. We compared the various MQ-filtered 23Na imaging pulse sequences to select the optimum sequence that provides the best SNR. The results of phantom experiments show that the gradient-echo MQ-filtered 23Na imaging sequence produces the best SNR. We also report, for the first time, three-dimensional single-quantum (SQ) and triple-quantum (TQ) -filtered 23Na images of the live dog brain and demonstrate the sensitivity of these images to ischemia produced by euthanizing the animal. The SQ images showed a 10% to 15% decrease in signal intensity from the brain post-mortem, whereas the TQ-filtered images showed a 40% to 50% increase. These changes in signal intensities are consistent with the influx of Na+ into the cells upon death. The feasibility of obtaining TQ-filtered 23Na images of in situ dog brain encourages us to apply this technique to humans.
RNA-ID, a highly sensitive and robust method to identify cis-regulatory sequences using superfolder GFP and a fluorescence-based assay

We have developed a robust and sensitive method, called RNA-ID, to screen for cis-regulatory sequences in RNA using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of yeast cells bearing a reporter in which expression of both superfolder green fluorescent protein (GFP) and yeast codon-optimized mCherry red fluorescent protein (RFP) is driven by the bidirectional GAL1,10 promoter. This method recapitulates previously reported progressive inhibition of translation mediated by increasing numbers of CGA codon pairs, and restoration of expression by introduction of a tRNA with an anticodon that base pairs exactly with the CGA codon. This method also reproduces effects of paromomycin and context on stop codon read-through. Five key features of this method contribute to its effectiveness as a selection for regulatory sequences: The system exhibits greater than a 250-fold dynamic range, a quantitative and dose-dependent response to known inhibitory sequences, exquisite resolution that allows nearly complete physical separation of distinct populations, and a reproducible signal between different cells transformed with the identical reporter, all of which are coupled with simple methods involving ligation-independent cloning, to create large libraries. Moreover, we provide evidence that there are sequences within a 9-nt library that cause reduced GFP fluorescence, suggesting that there are novel cis-regulatory sequences to be found even in this short sequence space. This method is widely applicable to the study of both RNA-mediated and codon-mediated effects on expression.
Electrochemical behavior of methyl viologen at graphite electrodes modified with Nafion sol–gel composite

Abstract Electrodes were prepared by spin-coating spectroscopic graphite rods with a Nafion doped sol. Coating solutions consisting of Nafion:TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) ratios of 3:1 and 4:1 gave smooth films on the electrode surface. These modified electrodes were evaluated and compared with Nafion modified and bare spectroscopic graphite electrodes using methyl viologen (MV2+) as a representative cationic electroactive probe. Substantial partitioning of MV2+ into the Nafion:sol–gel matrix to the electrode surface was observed by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. Cyclic voltammograms of MV2+ in 0.1 M NaCl at Nafion:sol–gel 4:1 modified electrodes showed a reversible reduction to MV+ with E0′=−0.695 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Results of scan rate variation showed the wave to be characterized by semi-infinite diffusion for scan rates in the range 50–500 mV/s. Slowing the scan rate below 50 mV/s resulted in a transition to thin-layer behavior. MV2+ partitioned much more quickly into the sol–gel-Nafion modified electrodes compared to pure Nafion modified electrodes. Reversibility of the MV2+-loaded modified Nafion-doped sol–gel coatings on electrodes was obtained by soaking in 1 M NaCl solution. Concentration calibration plots for MV2+ at the sol–gel-Nafion modified electrodes were nonlinear. Substantial enhancement of current signal at low concentrations was observed by square wave voltammetry.
Fundamental Relations Between Short-term RR Interval and Arterial Pressure Oscillations in Humans

BACKGROUND: One of the principal explanations for respiratory sinus arrhythmia is that it reflects arterial baroreflex buffering of respiration-induced arterial pressure fluctuations. If this explanation is correct, then elimination of RR interval fluctuations should increase respiratory arterial pressure fluctuations. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured RR interval and arterial pressure fluctuations during normal sinus rhythm and fixed-rate atrial pacing at 17.2+/-1.8 (SEM) beats per minute greater than the sinus rate in 16 healthy men and 4 healthy women, 20 to 34 years of age. Measurements were made during controlled-frequency breathing (15 breaths per minute or 0.25 Hz) with subjects in the supine and 40 degree head-up tilt positions. We characterized RR interval and arterial pressure variabilities in low-frequency (0.05 to 0.15 Hz) and respiratory-frequency (0.20 to 0.30 Hz) ranges with fast Fourier transform power spectra and used cross-spectral analysis to determine the phase relation between the two signals. As expected, cardiac pacing eliminated beat-to-beat RR interval variability. Against expectations, however, cardiac pacing in the supine position significantly reduced arterial pressure oscillations in the respiratory frequency (systolic, 6.8+/-1.8 to 2.9 +/-0.6 mm Hg2/Hz, P=.017). In contrast, cardiac pacing in the 40 degree tilt position increased arterial pressure variability (systolic, 8.0+/-1.8 to 10.8 +/-2.6, P=.027). Cross-spectral analysis showed that 40 degree tilt shifted the phase relation between systolic pressure and RR interval at the respiratory frequency from positive to negative (9 +/-7 degrees versus -17+/-11 degrees, P=.04); that is, in the supine position, RR interval changes appeared to lead arterial pressure changes, and in the upright position, RR interval changes appeared to follow arterial pressure changes. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that respiratory sinus arrhythmia can actually contribute to respiratory arterial pressure fluctuations. Therefore, respiratory sinus arrhythmia does not represent simple baroreflex buffering of arterial pressure.
SNR improvement of DPSK signals in a semiconductor optical regenerative amplifier

Signal-to-noise ratio improvement using a semiconductor optical regenerative amplifier (SORA) is characterized. It is demonstrated that for a noise-degraded return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying signal at 10 Gb/s the Q factor at the SORA's output is improved relative to its input for both the phase and amplitude noise cases. The Q-factor improvement is 1.6 dB in single-channel operation for the phase-noise only case and 0.55 dB for the amplified spontaneous emission noise-only case through the SORA.
Performing ideology: From the margins of theatrical discourse

MAKING A SPECTACLE: FEMINIST ESSAYS ON CONTEMPORARY WOMEN'S THEATRE. Edited and with an Introduction by Lynda Hart. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1989; pp. 1–347; $10.95 paper. RADICAL PEOPLE'S THEATRE. By Eugene van Erven. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988; pp. ix‐238; $27.50.
Measuring and Mitigating the Costs of Stockouts

There is now an extensive theoretical literature investigating optimal inventory policies for retailers. Yet several recent reviews have recognized that these models are rarely applied in practice. One explanation for the paucity of practical applications is the difficulty of measuring how stockouts affect both current and future demand. In this paper, we report the findings of a large-scale field test that measures the short- and long-run opportunity cost of a stockout. The findings confirm that the adverse impact of a stockout extends to both other items in the current order as well as future orders. We show how the findings can be used to provide input to inventory planning models and illustrate how failing to account for the long-run effects of a stockout will lead to suboptimal inventory decisions. We also demonstrate how the findings can be used in a customer lifetime value model. Finally, the study investigates the effectiveness of different responses that firms can offer to mitigate the cost of stockouts. There is considerable variation in the effectiveness of these responses. Offering discounts to encourage customers to backorder rather than cancel their orders is widely used in practice, but that was the least profitable of the responses that we evaluated. The findings have important implications for retailers considering the use of discounts as a response to stockouts.
Distribution of Cellular Proliferation in Skeletal Muscle Transverse Arterioles During Maturation

Objective:To investigate the spatial and phenotypic origin of the new smooth muscle (SM) cells that are necessary for transverse arteriolar (TA) remodeling by establishing the distribution of cellular proliferation in TA trees during maturation. Methods:Whole-mount gracilis muscles from rats at 4 and 9 weeks of age were immunolabeled for SM myosin heavy chain to denote arterioles and for bromodeoxyuridine to denote S-phase (DNA synthesizing) nuclei. The dimensions of each clearly visible segment in TA trees were measured. S-phase cells in the wall of, or within 5 µm of, TA segments were identified as (1) endothelium or intimal fibroblasts, (2) SM, or (3) interstitial cells. The relative percentages of each cell type in S-phase, the distribution of arteriolar diameters containing S-phase SM, and the density of S-phase interstitial cells (per unit length and per unit surface area of TA) were determined. Alcian blue counterstaining was used to discern the percentage of interstitial cells that were mast cells...
Diagnostic errors related to acute abdominal pain in the emergency department.

Objective Diagnostic errors in the emergency department (ED) are harmful and costly. We reviewed a selected high-risk cohort of patients presenting to the ED with abdominal pain to evaluate for possible diagnostic errors and associated process breakdowns. Design We conducted a retrospective chart review of ED patients >18 years at an urban academic hospital. A computerised ‘trigger’ algorithm identified patients possibly at high risk for diagnostic errors to facilitate selective record reviews. The trigger determined patients to be at high risk because they: (1) presented to the ED with abdominal pain, and were discharged home and (2) had a return ED visit within 10 days that led to a hospitalisation. Diagnostic errors were defined as missed opportunities to make a correct or timely diagnosis based on the evidence available during the first ED visit, regardless of patient harm, and included errors that involved both ED and non-ED providers. Errors were determined by two independent record reviewers followed by team consensus in cases of disagreement. Results Diagnostic errors occurred in 35 of 100 high-risk cases. Over two-thirds had breakdowns involving the patient–provider encounter (most commonly history-taking or ordering additional tests) and/or follow-up and tracking of diagnostic information (most commonly follow-up of abnormal test results). The most frequently missed diagnoses were gallbladder pathology (n=10) and urinary infections (n=5). Conclusions Diagnostic process breakdowns in ED patients with abdominal pain most commonly involved history-taking, ordering insufficient tests in the patient–provider encounter and problems with follow-up of abnormal test results.
Oxidant-sensitive and phosphorylation-dependent activation of NF-kappa B and AP-1 in endothelial cells

Relatively low concentrations of reactive oxygen cause reversible alterations of endothelial cell signal transduction and gene transcription. The hypothesis that low levels of oxidant stress activate retention of trans-acting proteins in the nucleus was investigated by determining time and dose requirements for oxidant-stimulated nuclear protein binding to consensus DNA sequences for nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B or activator protein 1 (AP-1). Nuclear proteins were extracted from low passage porcine aortic endothelial cells 15 min to 24 h after addition of increasing concentrations of H2O2. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that protein binding to NF-kappa B and AP-1 sequences increases over 1-2 h after stress relative to time-matched controls and resolves by 24 h. The selective protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C, prevents approximately 30% of this increase. Inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity by herbimycin A (5 microM) completely inhibits the response to H2O2. Exposure of intact cells to H2O2 increases substrate phosphorylation in pp60src immunoprecipitates. The activity of pp60src in immunoprecipitates from control cells or of recombinant pp60src increases after in vitro addition of H2O2. H2O2-stimulated pp60src activity is reduced by pretreatment of the enzyme preparation with N-acetylcysteine. These data indicate that oxidants increase nuclear levels of trans-acting factors in endothelial cells and that these increases require oxidant-sensitive changes in both tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylations.
Africa's Health Tragedy? Ethnic Diversity and Health Outcomes

Scholars have found ethnic diversity to be a key explanatory variable for economic growth and local public goods provision, and for certain health outcomes, such as infant mortality. In this paper, I examine the eect of ethnic diversity on a broad range of health outcomes in a global sample of countries, as well as by region and income level, with particular emphasis on the sample of sub-Saharan African countries. I also conduct an analysis of the relationship between ethnic diversity and health care provision at the sub-national level within the East African country Uganda. I nd that in the global model, with a wide range of controls, greater ethnic diversity is associated with poorer health outcomes, including higher infant and child mortality, and lower public health expenditure. However, I nd that the determinants of health outcomes, and the relationship between ethnic diversity and health outcomes, varies by region and income level. Within Africa, I nd that variation in health outcomes is explained primarily by access
Effect of molecular weight on the diffusion of contrast media into cartilage

STUDY DESIGN A comparison of contrast enhancement in the intervertebral disc from two magnetic resonance imaging contrast media in experimental animals. OBJECTIVES To test the effect of molecular weight on the diffusion of ionic contrast media into the intervertebral disc. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Intravenously administered gadopentetate diffuses similarly into the fibrocartilage of intervertebral discs and herniated disc fragments. Differentiation between recurrent disc fragments and scar tissue via magnetic resonance imaging is optimized by using contrast media, which result in different contrast enhancement of these two tissues. Contrast media of higher molecular weight diffuse more slowly into cartilage; hypothetically, therefore, such media will produce better contrast between scar tissue and recurrent disc fragments. METHODS Gadopentetate (molecular weight 546) or gadolinium-polylysine (molecular weight 40,000) was injected intravenously into rabbits. The signal intensities of intervertebral disc and muscle tissue were recorded by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and at pre-determined intervals for 2 hours after injection of the contrast medium. Contrast enhancement in these tissues was calculated in each animal for each contrast medium, and differences in enhancement were tested for significance by a growth-curve model. RESULTS Contrast enhancement in the intervertebral disc was significantly less with gadolinium-polylysine than with gadopentetate. In muscle, no significant difference between the two media was observed. CONCLUSIONS Molecular weight affects the diffusion of paramagnetic contrast media into the intervertebral disc. Contrast media of a high molecular weight may produce better contrast between recurrent herniated disc fragments and scar tissue than contrast media of lower molecular weight. This possibility should be rested in further studies.
INTERACTION OF SALMONELLA WITH PHAGOCYTES IN VITRO.

It has long been suspected that cellular immunity plays an important role in resistance to typhoid fever. A cellular basis for immunity to Salmonella typhosa was suggested by Gay (1918). He believed that the loss of circulating typhoid antibodies after a period of several months and the presence of antibody in typhoid carriers who harbor and excrete organisms were good evidence that cellular immunity existed. Although several workers have investigated in vitro the interaction of phagocytic cells and organisms which normally have an intracellular site of infection, little work has been done with S. typhosa. Most studies of reactions involving salmonellae and phagocytic cells have considered differences in the disposition of virulent and avirulent strains of
Role of Fear Domain Match and Baseline Bias in Interpretation Training for Contamination Fear

Cognitive Bias Modification for anxious interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized training program designed to reduce threatening interpretations of ambiguous information. In addition to testing th...
Angiogenic Factors in Preeclampsia: From Diagnosis to Therapy

Preeclampsia is one of the most frequently encountered hypertensive complication of pregnancy that affect ≈ 5% of pregnant women worldwide.1 It is often characterized by new onset of hypertension and proteinuria, usually during the last trimester of pregnancy, and is commonly associated with edema and hyperuricemia. Preeclampsia occurs only in the presence of the placenta, even when there is no fetus (as in hydatidiform mole) and usually remits when the placenta is delivered. The placenta in preeclampsia is often abnormal, with evidence of hypoperfusion and ischemia. The renal biopsy and autopsy studies from preeclamptic patients showed renal glomerular endotheliosis, a unique form of microvascular endothelial injury that is described as the classic lesion of this disorder.2,3 Besides affecting kidneys, preeclampsia can affect the liver, hematologic system leading to hemolysis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, brain resulting in seizures (eclampsia), renal failure, abruption, fetal growth restriction and in certain cases fetal and maternal death. Preeclampsia remains a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide.4 Because of a general lack of access to advanced pre- and postnatal care, most of these deaths occur in the developing world. Preeclampsia is about twice as common in first pregnancies as in multigravidas. Other predisposing factors include pre-existing hypertension, chronic renal disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, thrombophilias, trisomy 13, and multiple gestations.5,6 It occurs more frequently in women whose mothers had preeclampsia and in women whose fathers were products of a preeclamptic pregnancy.7 The incidence of preeclampsia is higher in women who live in high altitudes, suggesting that hypoxia may contribute to the development of the syndrome.8 In vitro fertilization has also emerged as an important risk factor for preeclampsia.9 Although none of these risk factors is fully understood, they have provided insights into …
The Belated Appearance of “Radical Interactionism” on the American Sociological Stage: the Rise of G.H.Mead and Fall of Robert Park

Although many sociologists have written about the development of the sociological perspective, known as “interactionism,” two relatively important questions for understanding its emergence remain scarcely examined. (1) Why did George Herbert Mead become known as its progenitor rather than Robert E. Park ? (2) Why did “radical interactionism,” which was inspired by Park, fail to appear on the sociological landscape until the first decade of the 21st century, almost a century after the appearance of the “symbolic interactionism” that Mead inspired? To oversimplify, Mead became anointed as the progenitor of interactionism instead of Park primarily because Herbert Blumer proved to be a far more effective champion of Mead’s thought than Everett Hughes proved to be of Park’s ideas in sociology. Blumer’s greater effectiveness in performing this role was primarily due to a stronger desire to carry the banner for a new sociological perspective, more personal charisma and verbal adroitness, and much closer connection to Chicago School of Sociology during its golden era than Hughes had. Thus, the delayed emergence of a radical interactionism based on Park’s work cannot be attributed solely to the failure of Park and his heir apparent, Hughes, to fully grasp the radical implications of Park’s work. Even if these implications of Park’s work had been crystal clear to Hughes, however, it is highly doubtful that he would have ever considered promoting a radical version of interactionism. His lack of lack of desire to carry the banner for a sociological perspective, absence of personal charisma and verbal adroitness, as well as his want of closer ties to the original Chicago school of sociology, not to mention tepid liberalism, would have made him a very unlikely figure in American sociology to play this historic role.
Integration of Material Buffering Devices in an Automated Factory

In a hierarchically structured automated factory, most components are part of a larger, higher-level module of the factory. For example, robots and machine tools may be considered part of machining workstations. Several machining workstations may then be considered to be components of a manufacturing cell. An automated shop could be composed of more than one manufacturing cell, and so on. However, some equipment components do not fit neatly into any one module of the factory. One such component is a material buffering device (MBD) that acts as an interface between a workstation and a facility-wide material transport system. This paper addresses integrating such devices into an automated factory.
E-014 safety of pipeline embolization device deployment under conscious sedation

Introduction/purpose The treatment of wide necked intra-cranial aneurysms using flow diverters including the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) does not often require catheterization of the aneurysm. Additionally, procedure times are shorter when PEDs are used as compared to when techniques such as stent assisted coiling are used. The utility of general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA) for the deployment of a PED is debatable. We report our experience with GETA and conscious sedation (CS) in a series of patients whose intracranial aneurysms were treated with PED(s). Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of patients with unruptured and ruptured intracranial aneurysms treated using PEDs at two academic hospitals was performed for the period between June 2012 and March 2015. Patient demographics, location of intracranial aneurysm, and the size and number of PEDs deployed were documented. The use of GETA versus CS (using Midalzolam and Fentanyl) for each procedure was noted. The incidence of any peri- and post-operative complications were documented including post-operative ventilator associated pneumonia. Technical aspects including device malposition, corking of the device for removal, device apposition against the walls of the vessel and the need for balloon angioplasty, as well as fluoroscopy time were documented. Results A total of 44 PEDs were deployed in 36 procedures performed on 30 patients (average age, 56 ± 13 years; 5 (14%) male). GETA was utilized in 22 out of the 36 (61%) procedures with one (4.5%) ventilator associated pneumonia identified; there was no instance of difficulty with post-procedure extubation. Stent malpositioning occurred in 1 patient treated under GETA and 7 PEDs, deployed in patients under GETA, required balloon angioplasty for vessel wall apposition. CS was used in the remaining 14 procedures (39%). There was no instance of PED malpositioning in the patients treated under CS. One PED device was corked in a GETA patient and had another PED device successfully placed across the neck of the aneurysm. There was no statistical difference in aneurysm sizes treated in either group. Within the GETA and CS groups there were 28 and 16 PEDs deployed, respectively. Fluoroscopy times were longer in the GETA group when compared to the CS group: 42 ± 220 min vs 30 ± 13 (average minutes ± SD). There were no hemorrhagic or thromboembolic complications in either patient group. Conclusion Conscious sedation may provide an acceptable alternative for the treatment of patients using PED when GETA is not desirable or necessary. Disclosures H. Zacharatos: None. D. Sandhu: None. R. Tummala: None. A. Grande: None. B. Jagadeesan: None.
Systems of Caregiving: The Promotion of Positive Mental Health Outcomes in Children and Adolescents

Promoting mental health and preventing mental disorders in children and adolescents is critical to the overall health of our country. National estimates indicate that about six to nine million children in the USA suffer from a major mental illness. Successful efforts in promoting mental health for children and adolescents require attention from a range of caregiving systems, including mental health, education, juvenile justice, child welfare, developmental disabilities, substance abuse, and the primary care sector. This chapter addresses research, practice, and policy implications as multiple caregiving systems work to promote positive mental health outcomes for children and adolescents.
EM-Based On-Chip Aging Sensor for Detection of Recycled ICs

Counterfeiting integrated circuits (ICs), especially recycled ICs, have become a major security threat for commercial and military systems. This paper proposes a new lightweight on-chip aging sensor, which is based on electromigration-induced aging effects for fast detection and prevention of recycled ICs. Compared to other existing aging sensors, the proposed sensor can provide more accurate prediction of the chip usage time with smaller area footprints, as demonstrated by the statistical simulation results presented in the article.
Interrupting the symphony: unpacking the importance placed on classical concert experiences

ABSTRACTThe Toronto Symphony Orchestra presents a series of youth concerts each year to introduce and attract younger audiences to the symphony. Music teachers often attend these concerts with students, and the importance of such experiences is frequently emphasised and normalised. This article explores the historical roots of the following relations, attitudes, and practices: (1) the tendency of teachers to privilege Western European music in the curriculum; (2) the attitude that classical music is somehow ‘good for’ students; (3) the race relations that operate within a youth symphony concert; and (4) the normalisation of Western classical music in music programmes and concert-going choices. Drawing on Asante’s [1991. “The Afrocentric Idea in Education.” The Journal of Negro Education 60 (2): 170-180] concept of Afrocentric education, I look to pedagogical choices made by participants of a multiple case study in Toronto, Canada to make implications for how music educators might (1) select a wide range o...
On the stability of hybrid adaptive controllers for robotic manipulators

An outline is presented of efforts being made to improve the stability and control of robotic manipulators which operate in constrained environments such as in the metal removal processes of machined parts. To this end, an adaptive hybrid architecture incorporating position control and force control subsystems is adopted. The position and force control subsystems are continually adapted according to prescribed equations which aim to minimize the error signals between the feedforward and the feedback forces. The control law contains time-variant PID gains. Criteria and conditions of stability of the control system include the system's compensation for dynamic cross-coupling between force- and position-control loops, model-reference criteria, and Lyapunov's 2nd method. >
Clinically Paired Electrodes Are Often Not Perceived as Pitch Matched.

For bilateral cochlear implant (CI) patients, electrodes that receive the same frequency allocation often stimulate locations in the left and right ear that do not yield the same perceived pitch, resulting in a pitch mismatch. This pitch mismatch may be related to degraded binaural abilities. Pitch mismatches have been found for some bilateral CI users and the goal of this study was to determine whether pitch mismatches are prevalent in bilateral CI patients, including those with extensive experience with bilateral CIs. To investigate this possibility, pitch matching was conducted with 16 bilateral CI patients. For 14 of the 16 participants, there was a significant difference between those electrodes in the left and right ear that yielded the same pitch and those that received the same frequency allocation in the participant’s clinical map. The results suggest that pitch mismatches are prevalent with bilateral CI users. The results also indicated that pitch mismatches persist even with extended bilateral ...
Estimating Rebound Effects in Personal Automotive Transport: Gas Price and the Presence of Hybrids

Energy conservation gains within the personal vehicle fleet are undermined if drivers respond to declining transportation prices by increasing the quantity of transportation demanded, a phenomenon ...
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Searches and Seizures: Provide Extraordinary Appeals and Motions for New Trial Based on Request for DNA Testing and Analysis; Establish Procedure for Preservation of Evidence

The Act provides the procedure for post-conviction DNA testing through an extraordinary motion for a new trial in serious violent felonies. The Act amends the Victim's Bill of Rights to require victim notification of extraordinary motions by the defendant. The Act also provides the standards, limitations, and conditions for the testing. The Act allows the State to appeal all extraordinary motions for new trial. In addition, the Act provides the standards for retention of evidence by court-appointed custodians.
Restoring Power to Parents and Places, by Kordesh, R. S.: (2011). Bloomington, IN: iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-4620-4871-7, 131 pp

Restoring Power to Parents and Places presents a model of community development that starts with the family as the primary building block. This fact alone is a reason to read the book. In presentin...
Waveguide T-junction as a broadband terahertz variable power splitter

We demonstrate a parallel-plate waveguide (PPWG) T-junction used as a power splitting router. We are able to direct the THz light down either one of the two output channels by integrating a small triangular septum into the waveguide plate. We find good agreement between experiment and simulation in both amplitude and phase. We show that the ratio between waveguide outputs varies exponentially with septum translation offset and that nearly 100% transmission can be achieved. The splitter operates over almost the entire range in which the waveguide is single mode, providing a sensitive and broadband method for THz power splitting.
Poly(ethylene glycol)s in Semidilute Regime: Radius of Gyration in the Bulk and Partitioning into a Nanopore

Using two approaches, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from bulk solutions and nanopore conductance-fluctuation analysis, we studied structural and dynamic features of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) water/salt solutions in the dilute and semidilute regimes. SANS measurements on PEG 3400 at the zero-average contrast yielded the single chain radius of gyration (Rg) over 1–30 wt %. We observed a small but statistically reliable decrease in Rg with increasing PEG concentration: at 30 wt % the chain contracts by a factor of 0.94. Analyzing conductance fluctuations of the α-hemolysin nanopore in the mixtures of PEG 200 with PEG 3400, we demonstrated that polymer partitioning into the nanopore is mostly due to PEG 200. Specifically, for a 1:1 wt/wt mixture the smaller polymer dominates to the extent that only about 1/25 of the nanopore volume is taken by the larger polymer. These findings advance our conceptual and quantitative understanding of nanopore polymer partitioning; they also support the main assumpti...
Electronic synthesis of light

We report on bidirectional frequency conversion between the microwave and optical domains using electro-optics. Advances in communications, time keeping, and quantum sensing have all come to depend upon the coherent interoperation of light wave and microwave signals. To connect these domains, which are separated by a factor of 10,000 in frequency, requires specialized technology that has until now only been achieved by ultrafast mode-locked lasers. In contrast, electro-optic modulation (EOM) combs arise deterministically by imposing microwave-rate oscillations on a continuous-wave laser. Here we demonstrate electro-optic generation of a 160 THz bandwidth supercontinuum and realize f-2f self-referencing. Coherence of the supercontinuum is achieved through optical filtering of electronic noise on the seed EOM comb. The mode frequencies of the supercontinuum are derived from the electronic oscillator and they achieve <5×10−14 fractional accuracy and stability, which opens a novel regime for tunable combs with wide mode spacing apart from the requirements of mode locking.
A density functional theory based elementary reaction mechanism for early steps of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt catalyst. 2. Microkinetic modeling of liquid-phase vs. gaseous-phase process

Abstract The process of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is conducted commercially under both gaseous- and liquid-phase conditions. For decades, numerous studies have been performed to better understand this heterogeneous catalytic process, where some of them have tried to compare the reaction rates and product distributions of FTS under different phase conditions. In spite of several provided models, the actual reaction mechanisms and kinetics of important elementary steps at each phase condition are still under investigation, especially in the liquid-phase. In this work, we have utilized the generalized-gradient approximation method of density functional theory (DFT-GGA) to estimate the rate parameters of elementary reactions in liquid-phase FTS on a flat Co(0001) catalyst surface. In this regard, using the continuum-based conductor-like screening model (COSMO) for the liquid solvent environment, the activation energies and rate constants of individual reactions, suggested in an existing microkinetic model, have been calculated in the presence of n-hexane solvent at T = 493 K and P = 25 bar. The preferred reaction pathway has been discussed and the quantitative results have been compared to that of the gaseous-phase in order to find the impact of liquid solvent, as well as differences in the probable surface reactions under each phase condition. It has been found that while the carbide mechanism is the dominant mechanism of chain growth under both phase conditions, the presence of the liquid solvent enhanced the CO insertion sub-mechanism of chain growth, which can describe some of the experimental observations in FTS studies.
An architecture for efficient gravitational wave parameter estimation with multimodal linear surrogate models

The recent direct observation of gravitational waves has further emphasized the desire for fast, low-cost, and accurate methods to infer the parameters of gravitational wave sources. Due to expense in waveform generation and data handling, the cost of evaluating the likelihood function limits the computational performance of these calculations. Building on recently developed surrogate models and a novel parameter estimation pipeline, we show how to quickly generate the likelihood function as an analytic, closed-form expression. Using a straightforward variant of a production-scale parameter estimation code, we demonstrate our method using surrogate models of effective-one-body and numerical relativity waveforms. Our study is the first time these models have been used for parameter estimation and one of the first ever parameter estimation calculations with multi-modal numerical relativity waveforms, which include all l ⩽ 4 modes. Our grid-free method enables rapid parameter estimation for any waveform with a suitable reduced-order model. The methods described in this paper may also find use in other data analysis studies, such as vetting coincident events or the computation of the coalescing-compact-binary detection statistic.
Impact of Augeo, Configure and Florel on Hydrangea Branching

Hydrangeas are an increasingly popular group of shrubs which are prized for their showy inflorescence. Nursery crop producers grow numerous hydrangea varieties for the landscape and florist markets. Hydrangeas are typically hand-pruned during propagation and production to promote compaction and to increase the number of branches which has potential for increasing blooms and marketability. Identifying a plant growth regulator (PGR) treatment that effectively improves the architecture of hydrangeas became an IR-4 Project research priority for 2011. Research evaluating Augeo (dikegulac sodium), Configure (benzyladenine) and Florel (ethephon) shows worthwhile results. Augeo (800 and 1600 ppm) significantly increased branching compared to untreated pots of florist varieties Hydrangea macrophylla ‘Merritt's Supreme’ and landscape varieties H. macrophylla ‘Nikko Blue’ and H. paniculata ‘Limelight’. Configure (300 ppm and 600 ppm) and Florel (500 and 1000 ppm) did not significantly improve branching in five of si...
Housing Price and Household Debt Interactions in Sweden

Sweden is experiencing double-digit housing price gains alongside rising household debt. A common interpretation is that mortgage lending boosted by expansionary monetary policy is driving up house prices. But theory suggests the value of housing collateral is also important for household's capacity to borrow. This paper examines the interactions between housing prices and household debt using a three-equation model, finding that household borrowing impacts housing prices in the short-run, but the price of housing is the main driver of the secular trend in household debt over the long-run. Both housing prices and household debt are estimated to be moderately above their long-run equilibrium levels, but the adjustment toward equilibrium is not found to be rapid. Whereas low interest rates have contributed to the recent surge in housing prices, growth in incomes and financial assets play a larger role. Policy experiments suggest that a gradual phasing out of mortgage interest deductibility is likely to have a manageable effect on housing prices and household debt.
Stereo 3D tracking of infants in natural play conditions

This paper describes the design and implementation of a multiple view stereoscopic 3D vision system and a supporting infant tracker pipeline to track limb movement in natural play environments and identify potential metrics to quantify movement behavior. So far, human pose estimation and tracking with 3D cameras has been focused primarily on adults and cannot be directly extended to infants because of differences in visual features such as shapes, sizes and appearance. With rehabilitation in mind, we propose a portable, compact, markerless, low cost and high resolution 3D vision system and a tracking algorithm that exploits infant appearance attributes and depth information. This approach achieved a mean 3D tracking error of 8.21cm and a standard deviation of 8.75cm. We also identify two potential metrics for movement behavior analysis — approximate entropy and interaction events.
Aprepitant for the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Pruritus

Chronic pruritus is a difficult condition to treat and is associated with several comorbidities, including insomnia, depression, and decreased quality of life. Treatment for chronic itch includes corticosteroids, antihistamines, and systemic therapies such as naltrexone, gabapentin, UV light therapy, and immunomodulatory treatments, including azathioprine, methotrexate, and cellcept. However, some patients still remain refractory to conventional therapy. Aprepitant is a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist approved for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced and postoperative nausea and vomiting (CINV, PONV). Recently, aprepitant has demonstrated effectiveness in several case series and open label trials in relieving pruritus for patients refractory to other treatments. Patients with pruritus associated with Sezary syndrome, mycosis fungoides, lung adenocarcinoma, breast carcinoma, sarcomas, metastatic solid tumors, chronic kidney disease, hyperuricemia, iron deficiency, brachioradial pruritus, and Hodgkin's lymphoma have experienced considerable symptom relief with short-term use of aprepitant (up to two weeks). Due to differences in reporting and evaluation of drug effects, the mechanism of aprepitant's role is difficult to understand based on the current literature. Herein, we evaluate aprepitant's antipruritic effects and discuss its mechanism of action and adverse effects. We propose that aprepitant is an alternative for patients suffering from pruritus who do not obtain enough symptom relief from conventional therapy.
A Knowledge Management Success Model: An Extension of DeLone and McLean's IS Success Model

This paper describes a knowledge management system, KMS, Success Model that is based on the IS Success Model proposed by DeLone and McLean (1992) and modified by DeLone and McLean (2002). The KMS Success Model is derived through the identification of knowledge management, KM, constructs within the System Quality and Information Quality dimensions of the original success model. Additionally, the Perceived Benefit model from Thompson, Higgins, and Howell (1991) is added to the Intent to Use dimension to help predict voluntary usage of the KMS. The KM constructs were identified though a longitudinal study of a knowledge using organization. Additional studies looking at the use of knowledge management in projects were used for additional support for the constructs. Methods of operationalizing the constructs and implications for the design and implementation of KMS are also discussed.
A Longitudinal Analysis of the Relations Among Professional Development, Educators’ Beliefs and Perceived Skills, and Response-to-Intervention Implementation

Professional development is a critical systems-level intervention thought to facilitate Response-to-Intervention (RtI) implementation. The current study examined the relations between professional ...
Risk of Death in Infants Who Have Experienced a Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: A Meta-Analysis.

Objective To estimate an upper bound on the risk of death after a brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE), a sudden alteration in an infant's breathing, color, tone, or responsiveness, previously labeled “apparent life-threatening event” (ALTE). Study design The meta-analysis incorporated observational studies of patients with ALTE that included data on in-hospital and post-discharge deaths with at least 1 week of follow-up after hospital discharge. Pertinent studies were identified from a published review of the literature from 1970 through 2014 and a supplementary PubMed query through February 2017. Results The 12 included studies (n = 3005) reported 12 deaths, of which 8 occurred within 4 months of the event. Applying a Poisson-normal random effects model to the 8 proximate deaths using a 4-month time horizon yielded a post-ALTE mortality rate of about 1 in 800, which constitutes an upper bound on the risk of death after a BRUE. Conclusions This risk is about the same as the baseline risk of death during the first year of life. The meta-analysis therefore supports the return-home approach advocated in a recently published clinical practice guideline—not routine hospitalization—for BRUE patients who have been evaluated in the emergency department and determined to be at lower risk.
Plato’s Beard, Quine’s Stubble And Ockham’s Razor

Once upon a time there was a thesis, an antithesis, and a synthesis. The dialectic of this particular Hegelian story is the relation of natural language to logical theory. The thesis was provided by that early stage in analytic philosophy wherein when logical theory clashed with natural language, it was natural language that suffered. An epidemic of charges of meaninglessness occured. Among those charged as linguistic deviants were such purported perversions of use as singular existentials, strings with vacuous singular terms, and the improper mating of objects or expressions of the wrong type. The title of Ryle’s famous essay “Systematically Misleading Expressions” captures the ethos of that period. That essay documented purported cases of natural language, usage which were perceived to be at odds with certain logical forms provided at the time, and predictably for that period, the fault was located in natural language, not in the logical forms suggested by Principia Mathematica. The antithesis in this dialectic was supplied by ordinary-language philosophy, where such clashes lead to downplaying the role of logical theory and upgrading natural-language considerations. A favored practice of the period consisted of dissolving philosophical problems by illustrating that they had their roots in the misuse of ordinary language. The problem would disappear upon abandoning some theoretical infringement on natural language and by carefully sticking to ordinary language. The synthesis (the hero in Hegelian fictions) is the present period, and especially the position taken by the author of the fiction. Here natural language considerations and those of logic go hand in hand. This is due to a number of factors: a growth in logical theory, a more flexible attitude towards logical forms (competing theories of logical form are tolerated) and the growth of linguistics as a theoretical and somewhat formal theory of natural languages.
Change and Continuity in a Nomadic Pastoralism Community in the Tibet Autonomous Region, 1959-2009

This chapter examines the process of change and adaptation that a group of Tibetan nomadic pastoralists have experienced from the traditional (pre-socialist) period to the present. The data are based on anthropological fieldwork over a 25-year period conducted in Phala, a nomadic community located about 500 km west of Lhasa in the Tibet Autonomous Region.
The Outbreak of the Cost Disease: Baumol and Bowen's Case for Public Support of the Arts

William Baumol and William Bowen's work on the economics of the arts in the 1960's laid the foundation for a new field and provided arguments for public support. This paper discusses influences on their work, the nature of their analysis, and their impact on the development of the field. Perhaps surprisingly, Baumol and Bowen did not perform a welfare analysis. They relied on Anne and Tibor Scitovsky's cost disease model to show that the quantity of the performing arts would decline over time in the absence of subvention, but without considering that the income effects of productivity growth might increase demand for the arts. Nor did they establish why the quantity of the arts should not be allowed to decline, relying instead on an exceptionalism never made explicit.
One-Sample Proportions

The simplest types of measurements are qualitative in nature, meaning that they are non-numeric – or at least numeric manipulation of them is meaningless – and include names, labels and group membership. Examples of qualitative data are ubiquitous, but are best exemplified by dichotomous categorical data consisting of only two possible values, such as a patient’s gender (male or female), diagnosis of a certain disease (positive or negative), or the result from a health intervention (success or failure).