cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE NEUTRALIZATION TEST IN POLIOMYELITIS COMPARATIVE RESULTS WITH FOUR STRAINS OF THE VIRUS

In experiments devised to compare the neutralizing action of normal adult human sera on different strains of poliomyelitis virus, and to fill in certain gaps in our series of neutralization tests with different strains of virus on different types of cases in different age groups, we have made the following observations. 1. The difference between two human and two passage strains of the virus when tested by this method amounted to about 25 per cent, and there was less power in normal adult sera to neutralize human than passage strains of virus. 2. The differences between the two human strains amounted to 15 per cent, and between the two passage strains to 8 per cent, the last figure falling within the limits of the experimental error of the method. The extent to which these findings affect certain concepts with regard to the epidemiology of poliomyelitis based on passage strain neutralization experiments cannot be determined from the data presented in this paper, except that they more or less confirm the view previously derived from passage strain experiments, that 70 to 95 per cent of normal urban adults possess in their blood, substance which neutralizes poliomyelitis virus in a given amount. However, certain other indications appear when the present results are supplemented by those we have previously obtained (25). Primarily, we have found no relation between the clinical acquisition of poliomyelitis and the presence of substance in the serum which neutralizes a passage strain of poliomyelitis virus. With a passage strain the results seem rather to bear a closer relationship to age than to illness. With a human strain we have obtained results in which there is some evidence, shown only in the juvenile group, that acquisition of the clinical disease is accompanied by the appearance of antiviral properties in the blood.
The Biomechanics of Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Repair Followed by Lateral Retinacular Release

Background: Repair of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) for acute patellar instability has recently become popular, with good clinical success rates reported in the literature. Usually, a lateral retinacular release (LRR) is added to the medial repair in an effort to “rebalance” the patella. In the native knee, however, isolated LRR reduces the force required to displace the patella laterally and may be an undesirable component of instability surgery.Hypothesis: The authors’ hypothesis was that LRR, when performed after MPFL repair, would reduce the force required to displace the patella laterally.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: Eight fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were prepared as a model for acute patellar dislocation by transecting the MPFL at its patellar attachment. The knees were sequentially tested in the native (control), cut MPFL, repaired MPFL, and repaired MPFL with LRR conditions. Each knee was mounted and tested on an MTS machine that measured the amount of forc...
Differential Validity and Differential Prediction of Cognitive Ability Tests: Understanding Test Bias in the Employment Context

Substantial mean score differences and significant adverse impact have long motivated the question of whether cognitive ability tests are biased against certain non-White subgroups. This article presents a framework for understanding the interrelated issues of adverse impact and test bias, with particular focus on two forms of test bias especially relevant for personnel selection: differential validity and differential prediction. Ethical and legal reasons that organizations should be concerned about differential validity/prediction are discussed. This article also serves as a critical review of the research literature on differential validity/prediction. The general conclusion is that available evidence supports the existence of differential validity/prediction in the form of correlation/slope and intercept differences between White and non-White subgroups. Implications for individuals and organizations are outlined, and a future research agenda is proposed highlighting the need for new, better data; new...
Economic Opportunities and Immigrant Youth Violence

This study examines self-reported delinquency among immigrant youth to determine the effects of both legitimate and illegitimate opportunities on youth violence. Data from the study show that parental employment reduces, but youth’s intensive work during the school year and involvement in property crime increase, the risk of youth violence. Although findings from the study indicate the importance of parental employment in preventing immigrant youth’s violence, the study suggests that the relationship between employment and violence can change over the life course, and youth’s intensive work while attending school may not be beneficial for preventing youth violence. The effect of economic opportunities on the risk of youth violence is also implied in the relationship between negative neighborhood characteristics and youth violence and helps explain higher level of violence among Latino immigrant youths.
Observations of the Early Evening Boundary-Layer Transition Using a Small Unmanned Aerial System

The evolution of the lower portion of the planetary boundary layer is investigated using the Small Multifunction Research and Teaching Sonde (SMARTSonde), an unmanned aerial vehicle developed at the University of Oklahoma. The study focuses on the lowest 200 m of the atmosphere, where the most noticeable thermodynamic changes occur during the day. Between October 2010 and February 2011, a series of flights was conducted during the evening hours on several days to examine the vertical structure of the lower boundary layer. Data from a nearby Oklahoma Mesonet tower was used to supplement the vertical profiles of temperature, humidity, and pressure, which were collected approximately every 30 min, starting 2 h before sunset and continuing until dusk. From the profiles, sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated. These fluxes were used to diagnose the portion of the boundary layer that was most affected by the early evening transition. During the transition period, a shallow cool and moist layer near the ground was formed, and as the evening progressed the cooling affected an increasingly shallower layer just above the surface.
Feedback control for planar maneuvers of an aerospace vehicle with an unactuated internal degree of freedom

We study feedback control laws that enable an aerospace vehicle to perform planar maneuvers. We make several key assumptions including: (1) maneuvers are planar, (2) a complete set of vehicle control forces and moments is available, (3) the vehicle is a rigid body with a single unactuated internal degree of freedom. The control objective is to design a feedback controller so that the controlled vehicle accomplishes a given planar maneuver, that is a change in the translational velocity vector and the attitude of the vehicle, while rapidly attenuating any relative motion of the internal degree of freedom. A time-invariant discontinuous feedback law is constructed that achieves these control objectives with exponential convergence rates. The effectiveness of the proposed feedback law is illustrated through a simulation example.
Lung Tumor in a Patient with Congenital Unilateral Hypoplasia of the Pulmonary Artery

The occurrence of an undifferentiated carcinoma in the affected lung of a cigarette smoker with asymptomatic congenital hypoplasia of the right pulmonary artery is reported.
Non-invasive interventions to reduce low back dysfunction

The goal of this study is to quantify the effectiveness of non-invasive treatment such as mechanical and manual massaging. This is done by using the hysteresis concept. The study also suggests some non-invasive interventions to reduce low back dysfunction
Updating Encrypted XML Documents on Untrusted Machines

With XML and other data types becoming increasingly used in distributed systems, we have a need to update this data in a way that preserves privacy and integrity. Prior work has developed ways of encrypting XML documents for privacy, and adding integrity codes to ensure that the data is not tampered with. In this paper we present an algorithm that allows XML documents, or other tree-structured data, to be updated without decrypting them. In our model of a distributed system, several trusted machines have access to the decrypted form of a document and may request changes to it. These change requests are encrypted and sent to an untrusted update machine for processing. The update machine is able to take the original encrypted document, apply the encrypted changes, and produce an updated encrypted document. In addition, an integrity code is produced that proves the untrusted machine performed the update correctly. In practice, our algorithm allows trusted machines in a distributed system to send incremental updates to a storage server, even if that server is not allowed access to the clear text.
Towards faster data access: Seek operations in MEMS-based storage devices

Even in the most advanced hard-disk drives (HDDs), data access is a slow process because of the relatively large mechanical structures, the one-dimensional actuation capability of the head, and the latency due to rotating disks. It is expected that MEMS-based storage devices with two-dimensional actuation capability could significantly improve the speed of data access. In this paper we demonstrate this experimentally with a MEMS-based probe-storage prototype using a micro-scanner that serves as the positioner for the storage medium. First the theoretically minimum achievable seek times are derived for the micro-scanner by approximating its dynamics with a damped harmonic oscillator model. Then the similarity of the time-optimal solution with that of the better studied double integral system is exploited to employ a proximate-time-optimal controller for the experimental studies. The experimental results demonstrate seek times of approximately 1.6 ms for seek operations of 50 ?m.
Estimated Functional Diameter of Alveolar Septal Microvessels at the Zone I-II Border

Objective: To measure the functional diameter of alveolar septal microvessels under conditions in which the pulmonary arterial pressure and the lung inflation pressure are equal, at 25 cm H2O (zone I-II border), and to compare these results with those obtained when inflation pressure exceeded arterial pressure by 5 or 10 cm H2O (zone I).Methods: We perfused isolated rat lungs (PA 25, PPA 25, PLA 0 cm H2O) with fluorescent latex particles of specific diameters (0.49, 1.05, 2.0, 4.0, or 10 μm) and then prepared samples for histology. Using a confocal, laser-scanning fluorescence microscope, we measured latex particle densities within the septal plane of individual alveoli. We compared these particle densities with those in arterioles supplying the septa and calculated the density ratio. We fit curves produced by the Verniory equation to these ratios to estimate the septal microvessel functional diameter.Results: Particle densities in septa ranged from 0.06 ± 0.02 particles per μm2 ‘for 0.49-μm-diameter part...
Agonist- and depolarization-induced signals for myosin light chain phosphorylation and force generation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

Phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and contraction of differentiated smooth muscle cells in vascular walls are regulated by Ca 2+ -dependent activation of MLC kinase, and by Rho-kinase- or protein-kinases-C-dependent inhibition of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). We examined regulatory pathways for MLC kinase and MLCP in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and for isometric force generation of VSMCs reconstituted in collagen fibers. Protein levels of RhoA, Rho-kinase and MYPT1 (a regulatory subunit of MLCP) were upregulated in cultured VSMCs, whereas a MLCP inhibitor protein, CPI-17, was downregulated. Endothelin-1 evoked a steady rise in levels of Ca 2+ , MLC phosphorylation and the contractile force of VSMCs, whereas angiotensin-II induced transient signals. Also, Thr853 phosphorylation of MYPT1 occurred in response to stimuli, but neither agonist induced phosphorylation of MYPT1 at Thr696. Unlike fresh aortic tissues, removal of Ca 2+ or addition of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ -channel blocker did not inhibit contractions of reconstituted VSMC fibers induced by agonists or even high concentrations of extracellular K + ions. Inhibitors of Ins(1,4,5) P 3 -receptor and Rho-kinase antagonized agonist-induced or high-K + -induced contraction in both reconstituted fibers and fresh tissues. These results indicate that both Ins(1,4,5) P 3 -induced Ca 2+ release and Rho-kinase-induced MYPT1 phosphorylation at Thr853 play pivotal roles in MLC phosphorylation of cultured VSMCs where either Ca 2+ -influx or CPI-17-MLCP signaling is downregulated.
Strength-Based Supervision: Frameworks, Current Practice, and Future Directions: A Wu-Wei Method

In response to an article that described a “Zen-like” method of counselor supervision where the student is “beaten” into understanding, the authors present a different method, likening it to the wu...
Pharmacological Inhibition of Cyclin Dependent Kinases Causes p53 Dependent Apoptosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of roscovitine (Sigma-Aldrich®), a pharmacological inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinase, on renal cell carcinoma cell lines in vitro.Materials and Methods: We exposed several renal cell carcinoma cell lines to roscovitine and examined apoptotic signaling pathways using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.Results: As expected, roscovitine caused dose and time dependent inhibition of cyclin dependent kinase 2 autophosphorylation, and of cyclin dependent kinase mediated Pol II phosphorylation in the ACHN (p53-wt) and 786-O (p53 inactive) renal cell carcinoma cell lines (ATCC®). Roscovitine also induced apoptosis in each cell line within a narrow concentration range (about 10 μg/ml). Apoptosis induction was more efficient in ACHN than in 786-O cells and at least partly due to p53 activity. In ACHN cells roscovitine induced apoptosis was associated with p21 induction, and decreased Akt1, XIAP and phospho-Rb expression. These changes also depended on p53 and were not present...
The Metabolism of Pyrazoloacridine (NSC 366140) by Cytochromes P450 and Flavin Monooxygenase in Human Liver Microsomes

Pyrazoloacridine (PZA) is an experimental antitumor agent presently under investigation for treatment of solid tumors on the basis of its unique mechanism of action and selectivity for human solid tumor xenograft in mice. Using capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we have identified three oxidative PZA metabolites, 9-desmethyl-PZA, N-demethyl-PZA, and PZA N-oxide. The cytochrome p450 (CYP) isoforms involved in PZA metabolism were characterized by studies with CYP chemical inhibitors, correlation of marker activities for selected CYPs with formation of the metabolites using a human liver panel, and PZA metabolism by cDNA-expressed CYPs. 9-Desmethyl-PZA formation was catalyzed by CYP1A2, whereas N-demethyl-PZA formation was catalyzed by CYP3A4. PZA N-oxide formation was catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO) rather than CYP, as determined by studies with chemical inhibitors of FMO and metabolism by cDNA-expressed human flavin monooxygenase. After administration of [10b-(14)C]PZA to mice, six urinary metabolites were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography UV and radiochromatograms including 9-desmethyl-PZA, N-demethyl-PZA, and PZA N-oxide. Trace concentrations of 9-desmethyl-PZA and PZA N-oxide were detected in mouse plasma. PZA N-oxide and N-demethyl-PZA were detected in urine from patients after PZA administration. PZA, 9-desmethyl-PZA, and PZA N-oxide inhibited growth of A375 human melanoma cells. IC(50) values were 0.17, 0.11, and 7.0 micro M, respectively, for the three molecules.
Contracting out by Local Governments in Transitioning Nations The Role of Technical Assistance in Ukraine

This article examines the factors that promote and inhibit contracting out by local governments in transitioning nations. Specifically, this article analyzes the effect of a variety of factors on the decision by Ukrainian local governments to contract out public services. The article uses Logit techniques to analyze the results of a 72-city survey undertaken in Ukraine in 1997 and 1998. Analysis of the data indicates that the presence of a technical assistance program in particular increases the likelihood that a local government will engage in contracting out. The findings also demonstrate the importance of factors identified by contracting out models of local governments in advanced industrialized contexts.
Effects of semiuniform losses in reactance 2-ports

Antimetric reactance 2-ports are shown to be affected by uniform and semiuniform losses in the same way. This permits the uniform predistortion of an antimetric filter or an allpass network containing semiuniformly lossy elements.
Power-aware state dissemination in mobile distributed virtual environments

In distributed simulations, such as multi-player distributed virtual environments (DVE),power consumption traditionally has not been a major design factor. However, emerging battery-operated mobile computing platforms require revisiting DVE implementation approaches for maximizing power efficiency. In this paper we explore some implications of power considerations in DVE implementation over mobile handhelds connected by wireless networks. We focus on the state dissemination problem in DVEs and propose a new power-aware dead reckoning framework for power-efficient state dissemination. We highlight a fundamental tradeoff between state consistency and power consumption, and present an adaptive dead reckoning algorithm that attempts to dynamically optimize the tradeoff at runtime. We present a quantitative evaluation of our approach using a syntheticDVE benchmark application.
TRAINING IN NEUROLOGY

The training of clinical neurologists is undergoing profound change. Increasing subspecialization within neurology, the widening separation of clinical neurology from other branches of internal medicine, limitations of exposure to training in internal medicine, mandated restrictions in working hours, and attempts to shorten the training period are likely to have adverse effects on the next generation of clinical neurologists. Despite the need for a broad base in general medicine, discussed here, the exposure of neurology trainees to general medical disorders is diminishing. An emphasis on an algorithmic approach to patient management rather than on educating residents to use their reasoning faculties when applying new techniques and knowledge to clinical practice may adversely affect patient care. Neurologists require broad-based training in neurology, internal medicine, and psychiatry, to ensure excellence in clinical practice. It is time to question again whether they are receiving the training that they need.
The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of symptoms associated with cancer

Abstract Despite a paucity of controlled studies, the use of corticosteroids in the management of pain and other symptoms associated with cancer has achieved wide acceptance. A controlled study of methylprednisolone for pain in advanced cancer patients has demonstrated the analgesic potential of this class of drugs, but data are inadequate to judge the best drug, dosing schedule or persistence of the effect. The bulk of data from controlled studies indicates efficacy in acute nausea and vomiting, but long-term efficacy is unknown. Although controlled data are meager, anecdotal evidence suggests the utility of these drugs in the management of anorexia, malaise, and other symptoms associated with advanced cancer. This article reviews the data extant and suggests guidelines for the management of these drugs.
Thoracic excursion measurement in children with cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Background Measurement of thoracic excursion (TEM) during maximal ventilation is part of the physiotherapy assessment in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Objectives The purpose of our study was to examine the reliability of TEM and its relation with pulmonary function. Methods Thoracic excursions were measured using a measuring tape. Thirty children participated in an intra-observer and inter-observer reliability study. Reliability was determined by calculating the typical error in repeated measurement, limits of agreement and correlation coefficients. Cross-sectional data from the annual check-ups were used to measure the relation between TEM and pulmonary function. Results In the intra-observer reliability study the typical error was 0.31 cm, the limits of agreement were ±0.86 cm. Pearson's r and ICC were 0.96 and 0.95, respectively. In the inter-observer reliability study these values were 0.56 cm, ±1.55 cm, 0.85 and 0.85, respectively. TEM correlated significantly with height (0.31, P P 1 (0.41, P P P Conclusions TEM is a reliable assessment tool. Thoracic excursion is significantly, although moderately correlated with pulmonary function.
A pandemic influenza simulation model for preparedness planning

Pandemic influenza continues to be a national and international public health concern that has received significant attention recently with the recent swine flu outbreak worldwide. Many countries have developed and updated their preparedness plans for pandemic influenza. School closure has been recommended as one of the best ways to protect children and indeed all susceptible individuals in a community during a possible disease outbreak. In this paper, we present a geospatial and temporal disease spread model for pandemic influenza affecting multiple communities. School closure, one of the social distancing policies, is investigated in this paper with several questions such as: at what level should schools be closed, for how long should they be kept closed, and how should be the re-opening decisions made. These questions are considered in terms of minimizing: the total infection cases, total mortalities, and the impact on educational services to school children.
Filamin A, the Arp2/3 complex, and the morphology and function of cortical actin filaments in human melanoma cells.

The Arp2/3 complex and filamin A (FLNa) branch actin filaments. To define the role of these actin-binding proteins in cellular actin architecture, we compared the morphology of FLNa-deficient human melanoma (M2) cells and three stable derivatives of these cells expressing normal FLNa concentrations. All the cell lines contain similar amounts of the Arp2/3 complex. Serum addition causes serum-starved M2 cells to extend flat protrusions transiently; thereafter, the protrusions turn into spherical blebs and the cells do not crawl. The short-lived lamellae of M2 cells contain a dense mat of long actin filaments in contrast to a more three-dimensional orthogonal network of shorter actin filaments in lamellae of identically treated FLNa-expressing cells capable of translational locomotion. FLNa-specific antibodies localize throughout the leading lamellae of these cells at junctions between orthogonally intersecting actin filaments. Arp2/3 complex–specific antibodies stain diffusely and label a few, although not the same, actin filament overlap sites as FLNa antibody. We conclude that FLNa is essential in cells that express it for stabilizing orthogonal actin networks suitable for locomotion. Contrary to some proposals, Arp2/3 complex–mediated branching of actin alone is insufficient for establishing an orthogonal actin organization or maintaining mechanical stability at the leading edge.
Rex Seafood, Incorporated: Accounting for Inventory Transactions among Related Parties

ABSTRACT: This case is based on an actual inventory accounting dilemma for a fish processing company located in Washington State. Rex Seafood, Incorporated (Rex) and its wholly owned subsidiary, Juneau Supply Company, purchase, process, and sell fish to restaurants and other retail outlets in the state of Washington and surrounding inland states. Rex has an agreement with Condor Enterprises to transport fish purchased from Juneau Supply in Alaska to Rex's facility in Washington for processing. The central issue of the case involves appropriate accounting and reporting for intercompany sales: How should the sales of inventory from Juneau Supply to Condor and the purchases by Rex from Condor be recorded and reported? Using the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, students must determine whether Rex's arrangement with Condor is a product financing arrangement, whether the purchases and sales of inventory should be considered a single exchange transaction, and whether the events should be considered interc...
Habitat Use of Grass Pickerel Esox Americanus Vermiculatus in Indiana Streams

ABSTRACT One hundred and twenty five sites from 91 rivers and streams in Indiana were evaluated from 1990–2005 to determine grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus habitat use. Macro-habitat analysis was conducted using the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) and had no significant relationship with grass pickerel catch. However, the individual components that made up the QHEI metric of “pool/glide and riffle/run quality” were significant and showed that grass pickerel avoided riffle habitats. At selected (n = 9) stream sites, microhabitat analysis indicated grass pickerel were always associated with either aquatic macrophytes or logs/woody debris. Although the Index of Biotic Integrity has been used to infer overall stream health and community fish quality, this index was minimally related to grass pickerel catch. The results of this study suggested that grass pickerel preferred habitat types in Indiana streams of aquatic macrophytes, logs/woody debris and slow moving water.
Is it necessary or useful to randomize

N his 'Rule-Utilitarianism and Randomization' (ANALYSIS, January 1965) David P. Gauthier imagines a conversation between an actutilitarian and a rule-utilitarian on the rightness of keeping a deathbed promise to found a home for stray cats. It appears that neither can, acting on his own principles, achieve a state of affairs in which welfare is maximized. For the act-utilitarian would break such a promise and, being moral, would want everyone in his situation to do so--which would destroy the general practice of keeping deathbed promises. And the rule-utilitarian would never permit such a promise to be broken and would thus forfeit the admittedly good consequences of sometimes breaking such promises. At this point the 'theory of gamesman' solves the problem by suggesting a rule which will ensure that such promises will generally be kept but occasionally will be broken: from an ordinary deck of bridge cards choose a card at random and if the card is an ace, break the promise. Gauthier's act-utilitarian can get out of the rule-utilitarian's trap. The trap is: 'If it is right for you to break your promise, it is right for everyone similarly situated to break his promise. And so it is right for everyone similarly situated to break his promise. But we agree that this would have bad consequences, and so it isn't right'. And this is what the act-utilitarian should have answered: What
High-strength splicing with fabrication of a thin film

Arc fusion splicing with high strength is important not only for manufacturing ultralong cables but also for field splicing with high reliability, such as for submarine cables. The main causes of loss of fiber strength during the splicing process are believed to be mechanical removal of the fiber coating layer and direct contact with the fiber chucking mechanism of the splicer. Some results of attempts to maintain high-strength splicing have already been reported. However, these methods and equipment were not easy to use because of a special splicer1 or fiber etching with fluoride acid.2
Development of a Luminex-based assay for the detection of rotavirus and norovirus

Objective To develop a Luminex-based multiplex PCR assay for the detection of rotavirus A,norovirus GI and GII simultaneously.Methods A Luminex-based assay with rotavirus A,norovirus GI and GII probes was employed for multiplexed,rapid identification of 68 fecal samples,which were used for the assay evaluation of sensitivity and accuracy.Results The minimum detection limits of the assay were 100 pg,1 ng and 10 pg /PCR for rotavirus A,norovirus GI and norovirus GII,respectively.The assay was able to make accurate diagnosis with varied amounts of viral templates(1∶1,1∶2,2∶1,1∶5,5∶1,1∶10,10∶1,1∶100,100∶1).Sixty-eight fecal samples were accurately diagnosed as 19 positive for rotavirus A,1 positive for norovirus GI,18 positive for norovirus GII,1 positive for both rotavirus A and norovirus GII,1 positive for norovirus GI and GII.Conclusions The assay provides rapid,accurate and sensitive detection of rotavirus A,norovirus GI and GII for acute diarrhea in the same tube.
Main Impacts on Active Distribution System Planning

Traditional distribution netw ork needs to pay more investment costs but w ith less economic returns in order to meet the requirements of load grow th and the high penetration of distributed energy resources. The initiative of active distribution system is to change the traditional distribution system planning for its planning objectives,to maximum the possible use of existing assets,w hich can greatly improve the cost-effectiveness of the investments. This paper discusses the main factors affecting the distribution system planning,such as the main difference betw een active and passive distribution netw ork distribution netw ork,the impact of the qualitative data analysis and control mode as w ell as the active distribution system planning model,and then explains the impact of the external conditions on distribution netw ork planning,finally,green and brow n netw orks w ith different requirements for active distribution system planning is provided,w hich could provide a good foundation for active distribution system planning studies in China.
A System for Simple Real-Time Anastomotic Failure Detection and Wireless Blood Flow Monitoring in the Lower Limbs

Current totally implantable wireless blood flow monitors are large and cannot operate alongside nearby monitors. To alleviate the problems with the current monitors, we developed a system to monitor blood flow wirelessly, with a simple and easily interpretable real-time output. To the best of our knowledge, the implanted electronics are the smallest in reported literature, which reduces bio-burden. Calibration was performed across realistic physiological flow ranges using a syringe pump. The device’s sensors connected directly to the bilateral femoral veins of swine. For each 1 min, blood flow was monitored, then, an occlusion was introduced, and then, the occlusion was removed to resume flow. Each vein of four pigs was monitored four times, totaling 32 data collections. The implant measured 1.70 cm3 without battery/encapsulation. Across its calibrated range, including equipment tolerances, the relative error is less than ±5% above 8 mL/min and between −0.8% and +1.2% at its largest calibrated flow rate, which to the best of our knowledge is the lowest reported in the literature across the measured calibration range. The average standard deviation of the flow waveform amplitude was three times greater than that of no-flow. Establishing the relative amplitude for the flow and no-flow waveforms was found necessary, particularly for noise modulated Doppler signals. Its size and accuracy, compared with other microcontroller-equipped totally implantable monitors, make it a good candidate for future tether-free free flap monitoring studies.
An Introduction to Interpersonal Competence

This book is about competence in social and personal relationships. The importance of interpersonal competence is recognized universally by philosophers and scientists of human interaction. Interpersonal competence has its early social scientific roots in the work pioneered by Thorndike (1920) and others (e.g., Chapin, 1942; see Walker & Foley, 1973) under the rubric of social intelligence. Thorndike conceptualized social intelligence as the abilities involved in understanding other people and acting wisely in relating to others. Independently, psychiatric research using the label social competence emerged in the 1930’s (Doll, 1935, 1939; Bassett, Longwell, & Bulow, 1939; Bradway, 1937, 1938). This work was primarily concerned with incompetence due to mental deficiency; i.e., the inability to exercise personal independence and social responsibility (Doll, 1953)
Bioarchaeological Spatial Analysis of the Walker-Noe Crematory (15GD56)

Documenting the distribution of fragmentary human remains from an archaeological context is critical to understanding mortuary patterns and site formation processes. The Walker-Noe site (15Gd56), a Middle Woodland crematory in the southern Kentucky bluegrass, offers a unique opportunity to examine a highly fragmentary and cremated human burial sample. Using osteological data from each excavation unit including traditional bone weight, color values assessed with a spectrophotometer, and minimum number of elements (MNE)/minimum number of individuals (MNI) estimates based on landmark counts and summary GIS grids, the spatial pattern of human remains across the crematory is examined. The observed patterns are key to understanding the site formation processes and the mortuary practices at Walker-Noe.
The Stresses and Coping Behavior of Battered Women

A study of battered women found that they experience stress from multiple sources but are deficient in coping skills; both men and women involved in marital violence fail to use problem-solving str...
Rewriting Culture: Montaigne Recounts New World Ethnography

Caught between substantial domestic and local responsibilities requiring his attention in the south of France and serious national as well as international crises on the other, Michel de Montaigne sought in the accounts of the New World by Francisco Lopez de Gomara, Andre Thevet, and Jean de Lery not only an escape from the political and religious unrest of his time, but an instructive view of how other cultures had dealt with internal and external threats to peace and well-being.1 In recasting the work of sixteenth-century chroniclers, he does so not only using the narrative techniques of his contemporary conteurs but also from the perspective of the increasing brutality and violence on the home front. Montaigne’s two essays, “Des cannibales”, and “Des coches” have been hailed as an early appeal to cultural relativism, that is, the examination of customs within the context of the culture to which they belong.2 More precisely, Montaigne understood the conflict between personal ethics and public action.
Calcium Imaging of Vomeronasal Organ Response Using Slice Preparations from Transgenic Mice Expressing G-CaMP2

The vomeronasal organ (VNO) in vertebrate animals detects pheromones and interspecies chemical signals. We describe in this chapter a Ca(2+) imaging approach using transgenic mice that express the genetically encoded Ca(2+) sensor G-CaMP2 in VNO tissue. This approach allows us to analyze the complex patterns of the vomeronasal neuron response to large number of chemosensory stimuli.
10-P : SELECTION OF APPROPRIATE HUMAN SERA FOR NEGATIVE CONTROLS IN FLOW CROSSMATCHING TO DETERMINE RENAL TRANSPLANTATION COMPATIBILITY

Aim The negative control (NC) in flow crossmatches is important to establish a baseline for the analysis and to to determine the histocompatibility of a donor organ transplanted to a recipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the selection process of negative sera for that control. Methods Initially we used sera from HLA-antibody negative end stage renal patients on our wait list. We observed an increase in Mean Equivalent Standard Fluorescence (MESF) values over time in these negative control sera. All sera were negative when tested with luminex single antigen assays for both anti-class I and anti-class II antibodies. We use pronase treated cells in a T and B cell crossmatch with MESF as the read out. Results A trend of increasing MESF was found over time with these NC sera when stored at -70C. Duplicating the screening process was necessary when sera were stored for over six months. We then tested two types of sera, sera from individuals with end stage renal disease and normal volunteers. In addition to luminex single antigen anti-HLA antibody testing, they were individually tested in surrogate flow cross-matches to determine if they had relatively high or low backgrounds. We found that treating the donor sera with Dithitreatol (DTT) was necessary to suppress IgM interference. Ensuring that the DTT was active (pH adjustment after rehydration and using mouse Campath in the QC procedure) is necessary. Another addition to the crossmatch procedure was to include the donor’s auto crossmatch with and without DTT. The auto crossmatch was informative when employed with the two negative control sera used. Conclusions In conclusion the selection, screening, and storage of sera used for the negative control in a flow crossmatch is an essential part of the assay to determine the compatibility of a renal donor and recipient.
Structural and electronic properties of C84: A first-principles study.

We present the results of a first-principles calculation for the geometrical and electronic structure of four ${\mathrm{C}}_{84}$ fullerene isomers. The method we use is based on the all-electron local-density functional approach for molecules with complete geometry optimization. Our study confirms that two isomers with ${\mathit{D}}_{2}$ and ${\mathit{D}}_{2\mathit{d}}$ symmetries are the most energetically favorable. Results from the present calculation are compared with recent experimental observations.
Modeling Diabetic Corneal Neuropathy in a 3D In Vitro Cornea System

Diabetes mellitus is a disease caused by innate or acquired insulin deficiency, resulting in altered glucose metabolism and high blood glucose levels. Chronic hyperglycemia is linked to development of several ocular pathologies affecting the anterior segment, including diabetic corneal neuropathy and keratopathy, neovascular glaucoma, edema, and cataracts leading to significant visual defects. Due to increasing disease prevalence, related medical care costs, and visual impairment resulting from diabetes, a need has arisen to devise alternative systems to study molecular mechanisms involved in disease onset and progression. In our current study, we applied a novel 3D in vitro model of the human cornea comprising of epithelial, stromal, and neuronal components cultured in silk scaffolds to study the pathological effects of hyperglycemia on development of diabetic corneal neuropathy. Specifically, exposure to sustained levels of high glucose, ranging from 35 mM to 45 mM, were applied to determine concentration-dependent effects on nerve morphology, length and density of axons, and expression of metabolic enzymes involved in glucose metabolism. By comparing these metrics to in vivo studies, we have developed a functional 3D in vitro model for diabetic corneal neuropathy as a means to investigate corneal pathophysiology resulting from prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia.
Information for Submitting to Intellectual Property and Science & Technology Law Journals

The following contains information about the top 40 specialty journals in intellectual property and technology, based on the most recent Washington & Lee journal rankings. Specifically, the chart derives from the journals’ websites, the Washington & Lee law journal ranking site, and Hein Law Journal database the following information: • Name of the journal • Washington & Lee ranking in top 50 specialty student-edited U.S. law journal • Washington & Lee specialty ranking • Submission via Expresso, Scholastica, or email • Whether articles from online journal are included in HeinOnline’s Law Journal Library • Specific information about submission, such as word count limitation, if any Because this information relies on journal’s websites, some journals may have alternative methods of submission (such as ExpressO or Scholastica) that are not mentioned on their website and therefore not included here. Additionally, the categories of journals are based on Washington & Lee’s categorization, not necessarily how the journal views the subject matter covered. Hein’s Law Journal database is the source that the new U.S. News scholarship ranking will be drawn from. All of the journals ranked here are in this database. This specialty law journal information is modeled on earlier information provided to the law community on the law review submission process to general law journals: Bridget J. Crawford, Information for Submitting to Online Law Review Companions (2019) and Allen Rostron & Nancy Levit, Information for Submitting Articles to Law Reviews & Journals (2019); and Colin Miller, Submission Guide for Online Law Review Supplements (2013)
Wavelet-based algorithm for correction of beam-steering artefacts in turbulent flow imaging at elevated pressures

Beam steering by index-of-refraction gradients poses a significant challenge for laser-based imaging measurements in turbulent reacting and non-reacting flows, particularly at elevated pressures. High fidelity imaging and quantitative data interpretation in turbulent flows can be considerably impeded by artefacts generated from beam steering. A wavelet-based filtering scheme has been developed to recover the underlying turbulent flow structures from imaging measurements containing severe beam-steering artefacts. This analysis technique is equally applicable to imaging measurements in reacting and non-reacting flows. It is demonstrated using mixture fraction measurements in a transient turbulent jet flow at 8 bar using Rayleigh scattering imaging at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The corrected images reveal the temporal evolution of flow structures with negligible residual beam-steering artefacts. Tests of the sensitivity of the wavelet-based filtering scheme to noise and spatial resolution indicate that it is a robust analytic tool for correcting severe beam-steering artefacts commonly encountered in laser-based imaging measurements at elevated pressures.
Characterization of the neutron flux during production of 18F at a medical cyclotron and evaluation of the incidental neutron spectrum for neutron damage studies.

Abstract The fast neutron spectrum was measured in an irradiation position adjacent to two 18F (fluorine-18) production targets at a medical cyclotron. The neutron spectrum was modeled using MCNP6 and experimentally determined using activation foils. A three-group neutron spectrum was determined using an over-determined least squares fitting method. The MCNP6 model results and measurements of the activation foils were used as input to unfold the neutron spectrum using the STAYSL PNNL code. The neutron spectrum adjacent to the 18F production target was evaluated for use in incidental experiments to evaluate neutron-induced radiolysis of polyurethane and radiation hardness testing of electronics. The fast neutron flux near the 18F target between the energies of 0.4 – 16.5 MeV was 1.8 – 3.0x109 n cm-2s-1. The neutron dose rate in polyurethane at the irradiation position was 2.8 cGy s-1– 5.8 cGys-1. The 1 MeV equivalent neutron flux was 2.4x109 n cm-2s-1 – 4.0x109 n cm-2s-1.
Effect of specimen geometry on triaxial compressive response of high-strength concrete

Abstract The triaxial compressive response of high-strength concrete is needed to understand pressure-dependent material behavior, which is important for modeling extreme loading events. However, nondestructive damage analysis and dynamic triaxial experiments require specimens that are smaller than those typically used for model calibration. Reducing the specimen diameter from 50 mm to 25 mm showed negligible differences in the material response of a high-strength concrete (no coarse aggregate). However, a scalar correction factor is proposed to account for reductions in length-to-diameter ratio (L/D). By isolating size effects, results from experiments with scaled specimens can be implemented for model calibration efforts.
Deep Learning-based Real-time Switching of Reconfigurable Microgrids

This paper proposes a new approach for finding the optimal switchings of reconfigurable microgrids (MGs) based on a deep learning technique. As the load and power generation of units vary with time, the network reconfiguration depends on both the current and previous status of load demand and generation units. To this end, the gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithm, a time series model, is employed to solve the network reconfiguration. The GRU architecture is designed to learn the network topology characteristics, e.g., power injection and line impedance. Finally, the proposed technique is examined with the IEEE 33 microgrid test system. Results show that the deep learning-based technique is able to make accurate reconfiguration decisions in real time.
Disaster Research “Methics”: Ethical and Methodological Considerations of Researching Disaster-Affected Populations

How we do research directly affects what we know about the subject matter under study. While the study of disaster events continues to grow, rigorous inquiry on disaster research methodology is lim...
The influence of multi-layer confinement on detonation propagation in condensed-phase explosives

Abstract We examine, via multi-material simulation in a two-dimensional planar geometry, the effects on steady detonation propagation of the presence of a low-density intermediate layer between a condensed-phase high explosive (HE) and a high-density metallic confiner of finite thickness. Such elastomer intermediate layers are often added to eliminate air-gaps and the associated jetting effects that can arise due to machining imprecisions, or to prevent HE cracking due to environmental changes. Without an intermediate layer, the flow structure of a steady detonation/metal confiner interaction is well understood. In particular, there is no reflected wave passed into the HE due to the metal confinement. With the elastomer layer present, we find that, as the intermediate layer width increases, a complex wave interaction and communication path develops between the HE, intermediate, and metal layers. For thin intermediate layers, a shock-driven subsonic flow develops in the intermediate layer, passing information from the metal layer to the HE, with the detonation speed decreasing as the intermediate layer width increases. For wider intermediate layers, a Mach stem configuration develops in the intermediate layer, forcing a shock to be reflected into the HE. Simultaneously, a localized Prandtl-Meyer fan emerges from the intersection of the detonation shock with the HE-intermediate layer material interface. These HE structures are shown to have a substantial effect on the structure of the detonation driving zone. The Prandtl-Meyer fan becomes the dominant structure for critically large intermediate layer widths, wherein the presence of the metal layer does not affect the detonation propagation. We examine the detonation propagation speed and reaction and driving zone structure as a function of varying intermediate layer width. Two confinement metals are examined, along with two high explosive and three metal layer widths.
Mapping the Dynamics of the South Asian Monsoon Using CYGNSS's Level-1 Signal Coherency

A method for mapping the dynamics of the South Asian monsoon season is proposed based on the use of the coherence of CYGNSS Level 1 delay-Doppler Map measurements. Because the apparent coherence of the specular forward scattering observed by CYGNSS provides information on the presence of inland water, it can be related to different phases of the monsoon season. Results reported from 2017 to 2020 illustrate inter-annual variations in the seasonal monsoon, and show high degrees of correlation with SMAP soil moisture maps over the Indian subcontinent. Comparisons with precipitation information from the global precipitation measurement mission also show relationships indicative of the monsoon's dry and wet phases. The analysis presented in this work highlights the potential of using spaceborne GNSS-R systems for the operational mapping of monsoon dynamics.