cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A WHALE OF A CASE OF THE BENDS...

![Figure][1] It has long been a tenet of diving physiology that deep-diving whales and dolphins are essentially immune to decompression sickness, or `the bends'. The bends can severely affect human divers (SCUBA divers, for example) who surface too quickly, causing nitrogen gas to rapidly
Intraoperative diagnosis of a functional paraganglioma presenting as a gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor (GIST)

The case of a young woman with a history of resolved Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, anxiety, and abdominal mass is presented. Pathologic examination confirmed paraganglioma. Despite catecholamine secretion and preoperative beta-blockers, cardiomyopathy did not recur.
Achieving the Maximum P2P Streaming Rate Using a Small Number of Trees

We consider structured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks for distributing streaming data such as real-time video. In such P2P networks, each chunk of data is transferred from the server to all the peers using a data distribution tree. The number of trees and the number of children in each tree contribute to the overhead in the data distribution process. In this paper, we show that the maximum streaming rate can be achieved using O(logN) trees in a network of N peers with homogeneous upload capacities, where each peer has O(1) children in each tree. It is further shown that O(1) trees suffice to achieve a near- maximum streaming rate with heterogeneous upload capacities. The solution involves mapping the tree construction problem to a novel Block Packing problem where two-dimensional blocks are packed into a two-dimensional bin subject to some packing constraints. The block packing problem allows us to visualize network bandwidth usage, thus facilitating a particular way to construct trees which establish the above bounds.
Developing a Theologia Crucis: Dietrich Bonhoeffer in the Harlem Renaissance:

In 1928–29, Dietrich Bonhoeffer was an assistant pastor in Barcelona, Spain, where he delivered twenty sermons and three academic lectures. The last two of his Barcelona lectures demonstrate the intellectual acumen of a brilliant scholar, but some of the content of the lectures was not consistent with his legacy of prophetic resistance to the Nazis and their Christian supporters, the German Christian movement. In Barcelona Bonhoeffer spoke in favor of nationalism, which he later opposed. In a brief statement about the 1928–29 Barcelona lectures, Bonhoeffer’s best friend and biographer Eberhard Bethge said, simply “it was the theologia crucis that saved him from this line of thought.” This article argues that during his Sloane Fellowship year, 1930–31, Bonhoeffer was a student of New York’s Harlem Renaissance, where he was put in contact with a tradition that recognized Jesus as active and present in the daily lives of marginalized people, identifying with suffering and shame, as a redemptive presence in o...
Multiple Regimes in Northern Hemisphere Height Fields via MixtureModel Clustering

Abstract A mixture model is a flexible probability density estimation technique, consisting of a linear combination of k component densities. Such a model is applied to estimate clustering in Northern Hemisphere (NH) 700-mb geopotential height anomalies. A key feature of this approach is its ability to estimate a posterior probability distribution for k, the number of clusters, given the data and the model. The number of clusters that is most likely to fit the data is thus determined objectively. A dataset of 44 winters of NH 700-mb fields is projected onto its two leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and analyzed using mixtures of Gaussian components. Cross-validated likelihood is used to determine the best value of k, the number of clusters. The posterior probability so determined peaks at k = 3 and thus yields clear evidence for three clusters in the NH 700-mb data. The three-cluster result is found to be robust with respect to variations in data preprocessing and data analysis parameters. The...
A New Guarantee on Earth: Hannah Arendt on Human Dignity and the Politics of Human Rights

While the writings of Hannah Arendt have received an extraordinary amount of scholarly attention, few commentators have seen her as a theorist concerned with questions of human rights. I argue that the problem of human rights was central to Arendt's political theory. While she does not elaborate a theory of human rights as such, and while she avoids the juridical approaches so common among human rights theorists and advocates, her conception of political action is intended to secure an elemental human dignity that is systematically jeopardized by the imperatives of national sovereignty.
Comparison of DSC-MRI post-processing techniques in predicting microvascular histopathology in patients newly diagnosed with GBM.

Purpose To evaluate which common post-processing method applied to gradient-echo DSC-MRI data, acquired with a single gadolinium injection and low flip-angle, most accurately reflects microvascular histopathology for patients with de novo, treatment-naive glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Materials and Methods Seventy-two tissue samples were collected from 35 patients with treatment-naive GBM. Sample locations were co-registered to preoperative gradient-echo dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI acquired with 35° flip-angle and 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium. Estimates of blood volume and leakiness at each sample location were calculated using four common postprocessing methods (leakage-corrected nonlinear gamma-variate, non-parametric, scaled MR-signal, and unscaled MR-signal). Tissue sample microvascular morphology was characterized using Factor VIII immunohistochemical analysis. A random-effects regression model, adjusted for repeated measures and contrast-enhancement (CE), identified whether MR parameter estimates significantly predicted IHC findings. Results Elevated blood volume estimates from nonlinear and non-parametric methods significantly predicted increased microvascular hyperplasia. Abnormal microvasculature existed beyond the CE-lesion and was significantly reflected by increased blood volume from nonlinear, non-parametric, and scaled MR-signal analysis. Conclusion This study provides histopathological support for both non-parametric and nonlinear post-processing of low flip-angle DSC-MRI for characterizing microvascular hyperplasia within GBM. Non-parametric analysis with a single gadolinium injection may be a particularly useful strategy clinically, as it requires less computational expense and limits gadolinium exposure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:388–400. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of alcohol upon maximum oxygen uptake, lung ventilation, and heart rate.

Abstract The effects of consuming .0, .2, .4 and .6 cc of 190-proof ethyl alcohol upon maximum aerobic capacity, resting and exercise heart rate, lung ventilation, and ventilation equivalent were studied. Subjects, 19 college males, performed 3-min. treadmill runs on a grade beginning at 4% and increasing 2% each subsequent run. The run was preceded by consumption of the specified dose, a 30-min. absorption period, and a 5-min. warm-up. Heart rate values were taken prior to exercise and during the last 30 sec. of exercise. Expired air was collected until an oxygen uptake criterion of 150 milliliters was reached. The analysis of variance procedure and Tukey's post hoc test indicated that only resting heart rate was affected by the alcohol and the only significant difference occurred between the small and moderate doses. No other parameters were affected.
Multivalency of Sonic hedgehog conjugated to linear polymer chains modulates protein potency.

A potently active multivalent form of the protein Sonic hedgehog (Shh) was produced by bioconjugation of a modified recombinant form of Shh to the linear polymers poly(acrylic acid) (pAAc) and hyaluronic acid (HyA) via a two-step reaction exploiting carboimiide and maleimide chemistry. Efficiency of the conjugation was ∼75% even at stoichiometric ratios of 30 Shh molecules per linear HyA chain (i.e., 30:1 Shh/HyA). Bioactivity of the conjugates was tested via a cellular assay across a range of stoichiometric ratios of Shh molecules to HyA linear chains, which was varied from 0.6:1 Shh/HyA to 22:1 Shh/HyA. Results indicate that low conjugation ratios decrease Shh bioactivity and high ratios increase this activity beyond the potency of monomeric Shh, with approximately equal activity between monomeric soluble Shh and conjugated Shh at 7:1 Shh/HyA. In addition, high-ratio constructs increased angiogenesis determined by the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. These results are captured by a kinetic model of multiple interactions between the Shh/HyA conjugates and cell surface receptors resulting in higher cell signaling at lower bulk Shh concentrations.
Trade-offs between drug toxicity and benefit in the multi-antibiotic resistance system underlie optimal growth of E. coli

Background: Efflux is a widespread mechanism of reversible drug resistance in bacteria that can be triggered by environmental stressors, including many classes of drugs. While such chemicals when used alone are typically toxic to the cell, they can also induce the efflux of a broad range of agents and may therefore prove beneficial to cells in the presence of multiple stressors. The cellular response to a combination of such chemical stressors may be governed by a trade-off between the fitness costs due to drug toxicity and benefits mediated by inducible systems. Unfortunately, disentangling the cost-benefit interplay using measurements of bacterial growth in response to the competing effects of the drugs is not possible without the support of a theoretical framework. Results: Here, we use the well-studied multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) system in E. coli to experimentally characterize the trade-off between drug toxicity (“cost”) and drug-induced resistance (“benefit”) mediated by efflux pumps. Specifically, we show that the combined effects of a MAR-inducing drug and an antibiotic are governed by a superposition of cost and benefit functions that govern these trade-offs. We find that this superposition holds for all drug concentrations, and it therefore allows us to describe the full dose–response diagram for a drug pair using simpler cost and benefit functions. Moreover, this framework predicts the existence of optimal growth at a nontrivial concentration of inducer. We demonstrate that optimal growth does not coincide with maximum induction of the mar promoter, but instead results from the interplay between drug toxicity and mar induction. Finally, we derived and experimentally validated a general phase diagram highlighting the role of these opposing effects in shaping the interaction between two drugs. Conclusions: Our analysis provides a quantitative description of the MAR system and highlights the trade-off between inducible resistance and the toxicity of the inducing agent in a multi-component environment. The results provide a predictive framework for the combined effects of drug toxicity and induction of the MAR system that are usually masked by bulk measurements of bacterial growth. The framework may also be useful for identifying optimal growth conditions in more general systems where combinations of environmental cues contribute to both transient resistance and toxicity. Background
Regional air-quality forecasting for the Pacific Northwest using MOPITT/TERRA assimilated carbon monoxide MOZART-4 forecasts as a near real-time boundary condition

Abstract. Results from a regional air quality forecast model, AIRPACT-3, were compared to AIRS carbon monoxide column densities for the spring of 2010 over the Pacific Northwest. AIRPACT-3 column densities showed high correlation (R > 0.9) but were significantly biased (~25%) with consistent under-predictions for spring months when there is significant transport from Asia. The AIRPACT-3 CO bias relative to AIRS was eliminated by incorporating dynamic boundary conditions derived from NCAR's MOZART forecasts with assimilated MOPITT carbon monoxide. Changes in ozone-related boundary conditions derived from MOZART forecasts are also discussed and found to affect background levels by ± 10 ppb but not found to significantly affect peak ozone surface concentrations.
Myoglobin in a Cyanobacterium

Myoglobin was found in the nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nostoc commune. This cyanobacterial myoglobin, referred to as cyanoglobin, was shown to be a soluble hemoprotein of 12.5 kilodaltons with an amino acid sequence that is related to that of myoglobins from two lower eukaryotes, the ciliated protozoa Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cyanoglobin is encoded by the glbN gene, which is positioned between nifU and nifH-two genes essential for nitrogen fixation-in the genome of Nostoc. Cyanoglobin was detected in Nostoc cells only when they were starved for nitrogen and incubated microaerobically.
An Automatic Editing Algorithm for GPS data

An algorithm has been developed to edit automatically Global Positioning System data such that outlier deletion, cycle slip identification, and correction are independent of clock instability, selective availability, receiver-satellite kinematics, and tropospheric conditions. This algorithm, called TurboEdit, operates on undifferenced, dual frequency carrier phase data, and requires the use of P code pseudorange data and a smoothly varying ionospheric electron content. TurboEdit was tested on the large data set from the CASA Uno experiment, which contained over 2500 cycle slips.Analyst intervention was required on 1 percent of the station-satellite passes, almost all of these problems being due to difficulties in extrapolating variations in the ionospheric delay. The algorithm is presently being adapted for real time data editing in the Rogue receiver for continuous monitoring applications.
Behavior and Feeling Changes in Siblings of Hospitalized Children

The effects of hospitalization on ill children and their parents have been studied repeatedly, but effects on well siblings have received little attention. This investigation was designed to investigate sibling reactions when a brother or sister is hospitalized. The changes in feelings and behavior as reported by 123 sibling of hospitalized children and their parents from a large teaching hospital were studied. Young siblings were interviewed, while older siblings and parents were given a questionnaire. Siblings reported an average of four changes each. The number of changes reported by siblings was related significantly to several factors, such as sibling age, relationship of sibling with hospitalized child, explanation, fear of getting the illness, residence of sibling during hospitalization of the sick child, and perceived changes in parenting. Even though siblings reported 519 changes, their patents reported only one-half that number. Parents of hospitalized children may not know how their well children are reacting. For this reason, health professionals need to interview siblings as well as parents to assess sibling welfare accurately. In addition, health professionals can help siblings by insuring that an adequate explanation is given to siblings and by encouraging parents to maintain siblings at home, either with a sitter or family members.
B cell memory but not antibody response is maintained in the elderly after repeated influenza vaccine immunizations and aged murine plasma cell generation is defective (VAC11P.1066)

The success of a vaccine depends on both plasma cells and memory B cells. We previously showed that serum antibodies and the in vitro AID response to a new influenza vaccine are decreased in elderly individuals. We hypothesized that even though AID is decreased in the elderly, the ability to generate memory B cells might be improved by a repeated vaccine. To test this hypothesis, we recruited young and elderly individuals who had been immunized in at least two consecutive influenza vaccine seasons in which the H1N1 strain was the same. Results showed that frequencies of influenza vaccine-specific memory B cells were similar in young and elderly individuals but the levels of serum antibodies were lower in the elderly. These findings suggest that multiple re-exposures to the vaccine cause a divergence between memory B cell frequencies and antibody levels with age, which could be due to impaired memory B cell to plasma cell differentiation in the elderly. To test the hypothesis of defective plasma cell development in old mice, we measured the percentage of plasma cells and Blimp-1 in LPS-stimulated B cells and found them significantly lower in old than in young cultures. The average fold reduction in the secreted amount of IgM and IgG3 in aged cultures compared to young cultures is higher than the average reduction in CD138+ plasma cells (10-fold vs 2-fold) suggesting qualitative as well as quantitative plasma cell defects with age.
Simulations and Experimental Investigation of the Inclined Interface Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability

The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) [1, 2], forms when a shock wave interacts with a misaligned density gradient created by a fluid interface. This instability can be viewed as the result of baroclinic vorticity (eq. 1) generated at the interface from the misalignment of the pressure and density gradients.
Immunoblot screening of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockouts without selection

Background Targeted genomic editing using the CRISPR/Cas9 methodology has opened exciting new avenues in probing gene function in virtually any model system, including cultured mammalian cells. Depending on the desired mutation, several experimental options exist in the isolation of clonal lines, such as selection with introduced markers, or screening by PCR amplification of genomic DNA. However, streamlined approaches to establishing deletion and tagging mutants with minimal genomic perturbation are of interest in applying this methodology.
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease by analysis of brain-enriched miRNA biomarkers in plasma

IL7was significantly negatively associated with depression (OR1⁄40.01, 95% CI .00-0.47). Serum IL7 was significantly positively associated with depression (OR1⁄43.01, 95% CI 1.02-9.31). Preliminary analyses suggest that diagnosis (AD versus control) also impacted the relation between GDS scores and IL7. Plasma IL7 levels were significantly negatively associated with GDS scores among women diagnosed with AD whereas serum IL7 was significantly negatively associated with GDS scores among female normal controls. Conclusions: Our results confirm prior work that IL7 is significantly associated with depression scores and shows that the IL7 depression link varies by gender and blood fraction. IL7 levels are weakly correlated across blood fractions. Future work examining blood-based markers of depression must consider gender as well as blood fraction in analyses. If IL-7 is considered in as a therapeutic agent for depression or AD, the current findings suggest that gender should be considered in trial design.
Robotic Thyroidectomy Versus Nonrobotic Approaches: A Meta-Analysis Examining Surgical Outcomes

Background Robotic surgery has been recently used as a novel tool for remote access thyroid surgery. We performed a meta-analysis of the current literature to examine the safety and oncological efficacy of robotic surgery compared to endoscopic and conventional approaches for different thyroid procedures. Methods A systematic search of the online data bases was done using the following (MeSH) terms "robotic surgery," "robotic thyroidectomy," "robot-assisted thyroidectomy," and "robot-assisted thyroid surgery." Outcomes measured included total operative time, length of hospital stay, postoperative thyroglobulin levels, and postoperative complications. Statistical differences were analyzed between groups through the standard means and/or relative risk by using STATA analytical software. Results In this study, 144 articles were identified; of which 18 of them met our inclusion criteria, totaling 4878 patients. Robotic approach was associated with longer total operative time (mean difference of 43.5 minutes) when compared to the conventional cervical approach (95% CI = 20.9-66.2; P < .001). Robotic approach was also found to have a similar risk of total postoperative complications when compared to the conventional and endoscopic approaches. Conclusion Robotic thyroid surgery is as safe, feasible and provides similar periperative complications and oncological outcomes when compared to both, conventional cervical and endoscopic approaches. However, robotic thyroid surgery is associated with longer operative time when compared to the conventional open approach.
Consistency study on treatment adherence among TB patients using medication monitors in Jiangsu

Objective With urine testing for TB drug traces,to verify adherence to anti-TB treatment among TB patients using medication monitors.Methods There were total 138 newly registered initial TB patients enrolled in succession in 3 counties of China MOH-Gates Foundation TB Control Project case management pilot sites in Jiangsu Province.Of all the patients,74 were in the intensive phase of treatment and 64 in the continuous phase.All the patients were treated with the regimen 2H3R3Z3E3/4H3R3 and electronic medication monitor for management and surveillance.Without prior notice,doctors visited the patients' house to collect urine and conduct a test with chloroform to detect Rifampicin to confirm whether patients had taken their medicine within the past 24 hours.Through comparing the medication monitors' records and urine testing results,the consistency can be verified.Results Among all the patients,108 of whom were tested,accounting for 78.26%;58 cases were in the intensive phase of treatment and 50 in the continuous phase.By comparison of the detection of Rifampicin in urine,the sensitivity and specificity of 24h medication monitor records as the evidence of TB drug adherence were respectively 100%.Meanwhile the sensitivity and specificity between gender groups and between treatment phases were shown no significant statistical differences(P0.05).Conclusion There is a high correlation between medication monitors' records and the TB treatment adherence,and therefore medication monitors can be used as new case management tools to achieve better treatment outcomes.
Study on Model about Collecting Government Decision-making Information

collection system of government decision-making information is a part of the government management auto system.To study the model about collecting government decision-making information is the foundation of building government assistant decision-making support system,and jumping-off point of exploring electron government affair system.This paper defines government decision-making information resource,based on analyzing the information demand to different government decision-making process,starting with government decision-making process.Ant then the paper builds the collection model of government decision-making information,using for reference about building method of information resource data.
Abnormal tactile pressure perception in Parkinson’s disease

Background/objective: Some of the behavioral disorders associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), such as the reduced magnitude of actions (hypometria) may be related to an impairment in cognitive disengagement. A reduced ability to disengage attention from previous sensory stimuli will alter perception with a reduced range of estimated stimulus magnitudes (contraction to the mean). To test this disengagement hypothesis, participants with PD were tested to learn whether they had abnormal sensory perception with overestimation of the relative magnitude of weaker tactile stimuli and underestimation of the relative magnitude of stronger tactile stimuli in relation to a reference stimulus. Design/method: The participants were 12 people with PD and 12 healthy adults. Test stimuli were applied to the palm using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments (SWM) of 6 magnitudes, 3 greater and 3 less than a standard stimulus. In each trial, after being stimulated with the reference (standard) stimulus, a test monofilament was a...
Economics and Reimbursement for Spine Technologies

This chapter discusses health economics and cost analyses in the context of evaluation of spine technologies. There are three principal methods for evaluating the cost-effectiveness (that is, costs and outcomes) of an intervention: prospective studies, database analysis, and modeling. Often, these methods are used in combination to provide complete information on cost-effectiveness. Prospective evaluation of cost-effectiveness can be performed in two settings. First, the costs and benefits of a therapy can be evaluated as part of a clinical trial. Cost-effectiveness can also be evaluated in prospective “naturalistic” studies. Databases used for cost-effectiveness analyses can include medical claims from public or private insurance providers, or databases from registries, health surveys, or other naturalistic prospective studies. Each data source has advantages and disadvantages, which are outlined in the chapter. Additional research needs to be conducted into the cost of other related conditions, to justify the costs associated with preventive and therapeutic technologies.
New and newer

Stephen Hawking's inaugural lecture as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University in 1980 caused quite stir. Its title – "Is the end in sight for theoretical physics?" – raised the prospect of a unified "theory of everything". Hawking suggested that there was a good chance of resolving the remaining inconsistencies between the two big "theories of something" – quantum mechanics and general relativity – before the turn of the century.
Atomic force microscopy of DNA self-assembled nanostructures for device applications

DNA nanotechnology, which relies on Watson-Crick hybridization, is a versatile self-assembly process whereby a variety of complex nanostructures can be fabricated with sub-lithographic features.[1] Adopting this technology, 1012 identical devices can be synthesized to have hundreds of components with 1nm resolution. Example nanostructures include: 1) DNA motifs [2], 2) two-dimensional DNA crystals [3], and DNA origami [4]. Currently, this technology is being adopted towards electronic, optical, and opto-electronic devices.[5]
Street Medicine as a Science Education for Activists

This chapter looks at the international street medic network, i.e., the network of activists who serve as emergency medics at protests, as a model for an educational movement that crosses scientific and activist knowledges. The chapter examines the medical practices of the street medics; reviews their origins in the United States Civil Rights Movement and briefly traces their history through the counter corporate globalization struggles of the 1990s and 2000s to the present. While medics are most well known for their work at protests treating tear gas and other medical emergencies, the chapter’s main focus is on their work as educators. The medics engage in a wide variety of educational projects including trainings for new medics, workshops for activists, and general public health outreach through a variety of publications for their communities. The chapter also reviews the pedagogical practices that the medics use, including hands on experiences and, more importantly, narrative which serves a variety of functions in the education of medics. Finally, the chapter reflects on the insights that medics might bring to crafting a more socially just science education in the K-12 classroom. The chapter links the decaying social welfare systems experience by students under neoliberal governance to the conditions of protest to make a case for a science education guided by a street medic ethos.
Language-level persistency

The commercial release of byte-addressable persistent memories, such as Intel/Micron 3D XPoint memory, is imminent. Ongoing research has sought mechanisms to allow programmers to implement recoverable data structures in these new main memories. Ensuring recoverability requires programmer control of the order of persistent stores; recent work proposes persistency models as an extension to memory consistency to specify such ordering. Prior work has considered persistency models at the abstraction of the instruction set architecture. Instead, we argue for extending the language-level memory model to provide guarantees on the order of persistent writes.We explore a taxonomy of guarantees a language-level persistency model might provide, considering both atomicity and ordering constraints on groups of persistent stores. Then, we propose and evaluate Acquire-Release Persistency (ARP), a language-level persistency model for C++11. We describe how to compile code written for ARP to a state-of-the-art ISA-level persistency model. We then consider enhancements to the ISA-level persistency model that can distinguish memory consistency constraints required for proper synchronization but unnecessary for correct recovery. With these optimizations, we show that ARP increases performance by up to 33.2% (19.8% avg.) over coding directly to the baseline ISA-level persistency model for a suite of persistent-write-intensive workloads.
Falling through the cracks: the decline of mental health care and firearm violence.

AbstractBackground: This paper argues that the decline in the availability of long-term, intensive mental health services, particularly through state mental health hospital systems, has had negative impacts on firearm-related deaths and possibly on the incidence of mass shooting events.Aims: Establish the effect of reduced availability of long-term, intensive mental health treatment on firearm-related violence in the United States.Method: Ordinary least squares regressions on cross-sectional data of US states.Results: Mass shooting perpetrators had significantly higher rates of mental illness than the general population. In addition, using simple regressions, this paper’s results demonstrate that increasing the number of state psychiatric hospital beds is associated with lower rates of homicide.Conclusions: The shrinking number of intensive, long-term mental health facilities in US states has had many negative consequences, including higher rates of firearm homicide.
Poetic Rivalry and Silent Love: Lawson’s Muse and Mary the Bard

Ranging from feminist movements, Labour Movement to celebration of Australian natural world, Mary Gilmore has been a legend. Gilmore’s complex yet “eternal” love for the legendary Australian national poet, Henry Lawson, and their extraordinary intellectual literary partnership has remained in oblivion. Gilmore’s biographers have often doubted that Lawson’s literary fame is the result of Gilmore’s silent sacrifice of her literary space because of her blind love for Lawson. Based on Gilmore’s extensive collection of verse, prose, biographies and unpublished letters, this chapter explores the feminist space of relationship between two talented and self-reliant Australian women writers, Dame Mary Gilmore and Henry Lawson’s mother, Louisa Lawson and their literary life in relation to Henry Lawson.
Central retinal preservation in rdAc cats.

Objective Children with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) due to CEP290 mutations show characteristic macular preservation. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is a noninvasive technique to investigate retinal structural changes. Loss of integrity of the ellipsoid zone (EZ) on OCT in people with retinal disease has been associated with loss of visual function and is a useful measure of retinal disease progression. We hypothesized that rdAc felines with Cep290 mutation would have a similar pattern of degeneration, with relative central retinal preservation associated with maintenance of the EZ. Procedures Fundus imaging, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and SD-OCT cross-sectional imaging was performed on 11 rdAc cats ranging from 6 months to 10 years of age. Images were collected from the area centralis, visual streak, and the mid-superior and mid-inferior retina. Receptor plus (REC+, encompassing the entire length of photoreceptors) thicknesses were measured. Regional rates of degeneration were determined by regression analysis and compared using unpaired t-tests. The EZ was evaluated for the presence, absence, or loss of definition. Results RdAc cats showed REC+ thinning over time in all regions. The area centralis and visual streak had a slower rate of thinning than the mid-peripheral retina. There was loss of integrity of the EZ initially in the more peripheral regions, while its integrity was maintained in the area centralis and visual streak at all ages studied. Conclusions rdAc cats show preservation of the central retina with maintenance of EZ integrity, which recapitulates findings in human patients.
Direct Measurements of Half-Cycle Reaction Heats during Atomic Layer Deposition by Calorimetry

We introduce a new high-temperature adsorption calorimeter that approaches the ideal limit of a heat detector whereby the signal at any time is proportional to the heat power being delivered to the sample and prove its sensitivity for measuring pulse-to-pulse heats of half-reactions during atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 400 K. The heat dynamics of amorphous Al2O3 growth via sequential self-limiting surface reaction of trimethylaluminum (TMA) and H2O is clearly resolved. Calibration enables quantitation of the exothermic TMA and H2O half-reactions with high precision, −343 kJ/mol TMA and −251 kJ/mol H2O, respectively. A time resolution better than 1 ms is demonstrated, allowing for the deconvolution of at least two distinct surface reactions during TMA microdosing. It is further demonstrated that this method can provide the heat of reaction versus extent of reaction during each precursor’s half-reaction, thus providing even richer mechanistic information on the surface processes involved. The broad appli...
UAV assisted USV visual navigation for marine mass casualty incident response

This research teams an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to augment and automate marine mass casualty incident search and rescue in emergency response phase. The demand for real-time responsiveness of those missions requires fast and comprehensive situational awareness and precise operations, which are challenging to achieve because of the large area and the flat nature of the water field. The responders, drowning victims, and rescue vehicle are far apart and all located at the sea level. The long distances mean responders cannot clearly discern the rescue vehicle and victims from the surrounding water. Furthermore, being at the same elevation makes depth perception difficult. Rescue vehicle and victims at different distances from the responder will always appear to be close together. This makes it almost impossible for the responders to accurately drive the USV to the victims in time. This paper proposes the use of a UAV to compensate for the lack of elevation of the responders and to automate search and rescue operations. The benefit of this system is two fold: 1) the UAV provides responders with an overhead view of the field, covers larger area than direct visual, and allows more accurate perception of the situation, and 2) it automates the rescue process so that the responders can focus on task-level needs instead of tediously driving the USV to the victims. Thirty autonomous navigation trials in 4 rescue scenarios prove the first known successful implementation of a small UAV visually navigating a USV.
A critical review on the performance of portland cement concrete with recycled organic components

Abstract The quick accumulation of recycled organic components with the modern society development has caused serious environment issues, and the utilization of these recycled organic components in concrete production can effectively mitigate recycling pressure. Portland cement concrete mixes containing recycled organic components behave differently in both fresh and hardened stages compared to conventional concrete, which need to be thoroughly studied before a large-scale field application. This paper aims to critically review the currently-reported performance of concrete with recycled organic components and to identify the knowledge gap for future sudies. This paper first conducted the characteristic investigation of recycled organic components, which provided the needed information for the classification of recycled organic components. Then the property performance, including workability, mechanical properties, and durability of concrete containing recycled organic component was evaluated. It has been concluded that both the workability and concrete strength will decrease with the added recycled organic components. However the durability performance, including freeze-thaw, impact resistance, and the resistance to alkali-silica reaction can be enhanced with the added recycled organic components. Aiming at the decreased strength, surface treatment methods have been reviewed. The current finding demonstrated the NaOH surface treatment for rubber particles and oxidation method for reclaimed asphalt mixture aggregates can enhance the concrete performance, respectively. Finally, the practice of applying recycled organic components in high strength and self-consolidating concrete was summarized, which demonstrated the potential of high performance concrete production with recycled organic component. Current knowledge gaps were identified to point out the challenges for the further study, including the difficulties to produce high strength and self-consolidating concrete with replacement ratio of recycled organic components higher than 50%. This study will provide the firm base for the application and future study on concrete containing recycled organic components, including reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) and recycled crumb rubber (RCR).
Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A four-level severity scale for obstructive sleep apnea is offered using four criteria: maximum oxygen desaturation, apnea/hyponea index, symptoms of excessive day-time sleepiness, and symptoms of related cardiac disease. Oxygen desaturation and the apnea/hyponea index for 175 patients, all having had uvulopalatopharyngoplasty surgery, showed 19% mild, 33% moderate, 17% moderately severe, and 31% severe obstructive sleep apnea. There was a very poor correlation between oxygen desaturations and number of obstructive events, which demands that both be used in any estimation of disease severity.
Introduction to the Practice of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy

The purpose of this book is to bring together, in a single volume, the diverse contributions and ideas of FAP researchers and clinicians working with a wide variety of populations, across a wide variety of settings, and using interventions associated with other therapeutic systems/orientations. As such, many chapters assume some familiarity with FAP and its theory. This introduction presents a brief history of FAP, summarizes its key principles and most recent research findings, and outlines the chapters to follow. Our intention is to provide a primer on FAP that may be helpful for those unfamiliar with it and an update for those more familiar.
TFTR Health Physics Tritium Measurements Following D-D Operations

Measurements within the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) vacuum vessel atmosphere in 1985 indicated low levels of tritium oxide (HTO). From January to July 1987 approximately 3 x 10/sup 18/ D-D fusion neutrons were produced in TFTR operations. These reactions would be expected to produce a triton for each reaction or 5.4 GBq (145 milliCuries) of tritium. An HTO measurement made of the vessel on 7/10/87, five days after the last pulsing of the machine, but before the machine was let up to air, indicated and HTO level of 1 MBq m/sup -3/ (28 ..mu..Ci m/sup -3/) or approximately six times the DOE concentration guide value of 185 kBq m/sup -3/ (5 ..mu..Ci m/sup -3/). The ICRP 30 Derived Air Concentration (DAC) limit of 800 kBq m/sup -3/ (22 ..mu..Ci m/sup -3/) will become the limit when Draft DOE Order 5480.11 is implemented. A venting program for the vessel was set up with the objective of limiting the internal dose equivalent to personnel working inside the vacuum vessel. An HTO/HT measurement indicated a 57:1 ratio.
NJMerge: A Generic Technique for Scaling Phylogeny Estimation Methods and Its Application to Species Trees

Divide-and-conquer methods, which divide the species set into overlapping subsets, construct trees on the subsets, and then combine the trees using a supertree method, provide a key algorithmic framework for boosting the scalability of phylogeny estimation methods to large datasets. Yet the use of supertree methods, which typically attempt to solve NP-hard optimization problems, limits the scalability of these approaches. In this paper, we present a new divide-and-conquer approach that does not require supertree estimation: we divide the species set into disjoint subsets, construct trees on the subsets, and then combine the trees using a distance matrix computed on the full species set. For this merger step, we present a new method, called NJMerge, which is a polynomial-time extension of the Neighbor Joining algorithm. We report on the results of an extensive simulation study evaluating NJMerge’s utility in scaling three popular species tree estimation methods: ASTRAL, SVDquartets, and concatenation analysis using RAxML. We find that NJMerge provides substantial improvements in running time without sacrificing accuracy and sometimes even improves accuracy. Furthermore, although NJMerge can sometimes fail to return a tree, the failure rate in our experiments is less than 1%. Together, these results suggest that NJMerge is a valuable technique for scaling computationally intensive methods to larger datasets, especially when computational resources are limited. NJMerge is freely available on Github: https://github.com/ekmolloy/njmerge. All datasets, scripts, and supplementary materials are freely available through the Illinois Data Bank: https://doi.org/10.13012/B2IDB-1424746_V1.
What Can I Do as a Physician to Prevent Firearm Injury

This issue includes a position paper from the American College of Physicians on the health care crisis of firearm-related injury and a research study assessing perceptions of the problem among phys...
Investigation of Optimal Excitation Waveforms for Medium Frequency Transformers

Medium frequency transformer (MFT) is the key component for solid state transformer (SST) applications. It provides voltage conversion and galvanic isolation between medium/high-voltage side and low-voltage side. The employment of the MFT can significantly reduce volume and weight of power conversion systems. For high-power medium/high-voltage applications, multilevel converters are the most promising topology and applicable for SST applications. Compared to the conventional full-bridge or half-bridge converters producing square excitation voltage waveforms for the MFT, multilevel converters can generate controllable multilevel excitation voltage waveforms, which potentially improves efficiency and controllability of the SST. In this paper, various excitation voltage waveforms for the MFT are investigated and the optimal multilevel excitation voltage waveforms are identified in terms of total losses and system complexity. Meanwhile, factors affecting core loss and winding loss of the MFT are explored. These factors are applicable for transformer loss analysis under arbitrary excitation waveforms.
An eye center-wide burnout intervention: resilience program and burnout survey.

Purpose Burnout affects half of doctors in the United States. Programs to decrease burnout and foster resilience are needed to prevent loss of doctors in the workforce and maintain quality care. To ameliorate burnout at our eye center, we developed a resilience program and used a survey to identify additional groups with higher burnout for future interventions. Methods The eye center-wide resilience program consisted of the baseline burnout survey, short email wellness tips, a grand rounds presentation, short wellness presentations at faculty meetings, and a small group discussion series with clinical faculty. The anonymous burnout survey was performed prospectively online at the beginning of this program. The survey participants consisted of respondents at the Duke Eye Center, including all doctors, scientists, clinical and research staff, trainees, and administrative and educational staff, in June and July of 2017. The short, anonymous electronic survey consisted of 10 demographic questions, 2 validated burnout questions, and 1 validated work-life balance question. Results A total of 593 individuals were invited to participate, of whom 252 completed the survey. Overall, 37% of the respondents reported being emotionally exhausted, and 17% had experienced depersonalization. With regard to work-life balance, 43% of the respondents were satisfied and 34% were dissatisfied. Burnout was higher in respondents who participated in clinical care (P = 0.001), particularly among ophthalmic technicians (P = 0.044). Feedback from the doctors participating in the "Doctors Lounge" suggested perceived benefits, including enhanced collegiality, life skills, and improved self-management. Conclusions Our baseline burnout survey showed higher burnout in our clinical workers, particularly in our ophthalmic technicians. Planning for next year will include the providers identified in the survey.
Single-Atom Nanozyme Based on Nanoengineered Fe–N–C Catalyst with Superior Peroxidase-Like Activity for Ultrasensitive Bioassays

Single-atom catalysts are becoming a hot research topic owing to their unique characteristics of maximum specific activity and atomic utilization. Herein, a new single-atom nanozyme (SAN) based on single Fe atoms anchored on N-doped carbons supported on carbon nanotube (CNT/FeNC) is proposed. The CNT/FeNC with robust atomic Fe-Nx moieties is synthesised, showing superior peroxidase-like activity. Furthermore, the CNT/FeNC is used as the signal element in a series of paper-based bioassays for ultrasensitive detection of H2 O2 , glucose, and ascorbic acid. The SAN provides a new type of signal element for developing various biosensing techniques.
Ethics, bio-ethics and environment in healing designs : guest lecture

The ascension of Barrack Obama to power in the United States, and the consequent change in the policies of the United States government towards a crucial sector of medical research, have turned attention once again to the place of ethical considerations in the mission of healing. The scope and range of issues - life affecting, even life altering in more senses than one - touched upon by bioethical decisions have suddenly become infinitely expansive, reminding us of the very adventurousness of the human mind in tampering with, or simply exploiting Nature - for better or worse. We are, after all, speaking of an age when it is possible for a surgeon in the Soviet Union to direct an operation in the outbacks of Australia, manipulating delicate instruments from across the globe.
Surface fractal dimension and its theoretical relationship with adsorbed water content

Surface fractal dimension Ds is a quantity describing the roughness of pore-solid interface where all interactions between solid matrix and fluid in the pore space occur. Ds also quantifies surface area; the higher the surface fractal dimension the greater the surface area. Therefore, at some high enough tension head, where a thin layer of water covers the pore-solid interface, one should expect adsorbed water content to be related to Ds in water-wet porous media. In this technical note, we develop a theoretical relationship between the surface fractal dimension, Ds, and the adsorbed water content, {\theta}_ads, using concepts from van der Waals and electrostatic forces. The proposed model sheds light on constant coefficients of logarithmic equations found empirically between Ds and water contents retained at 1500 and 10000 kPa tension heads. Results also show that our theoretical model estimates Ds from first physical principles for 164 soil samples accurately.