cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Component Loosening in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Aseptic loosening in total hip arthroplasty remains a significant barrier to long-term implant survival. Improvements in surgical technique, designs, and biomaterials over the past three decades have improved loosening rates from an initial 30 to 40% at 10 years to present rates of 3% (femur) and less than 5% (acetabulum) at 10 years. Refinement of cement technique has made noted improvements in survivability of femoral cemented stems but little difference in cemented acetabular components. Long-term outcome of well-cemented femoral stems has been an established benchmark, but is rivaled, and in some cases surpassed, by the success of cementless designs in fixation. Recognition of circumstances that may accelerate the wear process, thus facilitating progressive lysis and eventual loosening, requires a keen consideration of materials, implant orientation, patient activity, and adequate clinical observation. Radiolucency is variable and provides evidence of potential loosening. Pain in the groin region or anterior thigh aggravated with weight bearing remains the most reliable clinical indicator. Change in component position or apparent migration from one consistent radiographic study to another signifies definitive evidence of loosening.
Chronic Benzodiazepine Administration: From the Patient to the Gene

Chronic benzodiazepine administration is associated with the development of tolerance and dependence. To evaluate the cellular mechanisms for these phenomena the authors developed a mouse model of chronic benzodiazepine exposure. The benzodiazepine agonists lorazepam, alprazolam, and clonazepam produced tolerance in this system, which was associated in each case with benzodiazepine and GABAA receptor downregulation. After discontinuation, a syndrome that included increased motor activity and receptor upregulation occurred with each of these compounds. A benzodiazepine antagonist, flumazenil, and an inverse agonist, FG 7142, were associated with receptor upregulation and increased activity during chronic administration. In contrast, a partial agonist (Ro16-6028) did not produce tolerance or receptor changes. Similar results were obtained in a culture system for clonazepam, flumazenil, and FG 7142. The increase in receptor binding after lorazepam discontinuation may be due to enhanced receptor synthesis. Changes in gene expression for GABAA receptor subunits also occur with chronic lorazepam administration, and they follow alterations in binding.
Silastic Banding of Esophagus With Subsequent Repair of Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula

Abstract An infant with esophageal atresia, a tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheomalacia, erythroblastosis fetalis, and pneumonitis was successfully managed by initially banding the distal esophagus followed by successful definitive repair of the tracheoesophageal fistula.
Reducing the noneducational and nonclinical workload of the surgical resident; defining the role of the health technician.

Abstract Purpose Recent controversy over excessive resident work hours has prompted surgical educators and program directors to search for more efficient methods to limit the nonclinical and noneducational workload of surgical residents. Health technicians were employed at a large Veteran’s Administration Medical Center to allow residents more time for direct patient care in the clinics and wards and in educational activities. Methods In a two-week period, daily data cards were collected from each intern and health technician identifying total hours spent in work, operations, clinics, and conferences. Each intern recorded the number and type of tasks performed and those tasks assigned to the health technician. The number and type of task performed were tabulated and averaged for each health technician and physician. Results Each intern (n = 3) and health technician (n = 8) completed 100% of the required data forms. In a control survey, each intern worked a mean of 16.9 hours per weekday and 5.0 hours per weekend day. With the addition of the health technicians, interns worked 12.9 hours per weekday and 6.8 hours per weekend day (when the health technicians were not present). Following the addition of the health technicians, resident time in the operating room increased from 3.3 hours per week to 9.8 hours per week. Each health technician aided the intern by performing an average of 20.25 tasks per day. Conclusions This study shows that health technicians can be effective in reducing the overall hours and workload of surgical residents and increasing time spent in the operating room. Consideration should be given to including the health technician as integral members of the health care team in the teaching hospital.
The information transmitted at final position in visually triggered forearm movements

Visually triggered forearm movements were analyzed by an Information Theory approach. Human subjects made smooth movements which were characterized by moderate speeds, ranging about 100 degrees per second, by continuity in the position and velocity traces, and attainment of final average EMG levels before completion of the movement. We calculated the information transmitted by final position, biceps EMG, triceps EMG, and the ratio of the EMGs. The results were: (1) The information transmitted by final joint angle increased with number of targets but gradually levelled off. The maximum value was slightly over 3 bits, corresponding to an equivalent number of less than nine independent arm positions for a single movement. (2) The information transmitted by the ratio of the EMGs exceeds that transmitted by the biceps or triceps alone. (3) A previous theoretical prediction based on a spring model (Sakitt, 1980a) gives a moderately good fit to the experimental EMG ratio as a function of final position over a large range of angles. Our results lend consistency to two ideas about the nature of visually triggered forearm movements. First, our finding about the EMG ratio suggests that the basic motor program for final position is probably in terms of relative allocation of innervations, rather than looking up individual values. Second, single movements of this kind transmit surprisingly little information. If this is the case, it suggests that very fine accuracy is not achieved by a single program but requires feedback in order to program and execute additional movement.
Repeated withdrawal from ethanol on radial arm acquisition in rats.

Abstract Male rats were treated with ethanol (8.0–12.0 g/kg/day) for four 2 week periods interrupted every 2 weeks by a 2 week period of no drug treatment. Thus they experienced withdrawal from ethanol four times. Other rats were treated with ethanol for 8 weeks with no interruptions, to control for the total dose and duration of drug treatment. Acquisition of an eight-arm radial maze response when daily ethanol treatment was ended, was not affected by either the experience of four withdrawals from ethanol or by 8 weeks of ethanol treatment. The lack of withdrawal-induced impairment can be attributed to a lack of sensitivity in the maze task to possible withdrawal-induced deficits and to an insufficient duration of ethanol dependence.
Effects of Shear Deformation and Rotary Inertia on the Nonlinear Dynamics of Rotating Curved Beams

A method for the dynamic analysis of initially curved Timoshenko beams that undergo finite rotations is presented. The kinetic energy is first developed for the curved beam and the beam mass matrix is identified. The form of the mass matrix as well as the nonlinear inertia terms that represent the coupling between the rigid body motion and the elastic deformation can be expressed in terms of a set of invariants that depend on the assumed displacement field, rotary inertia, shear deformation, and the initial beam curvature. The nonlinear formulation presented in this paper is applied to multibody dynamics where mechanical systems consist of an interconnected set of rigid and deformable bodies, each of which may undergo finite rotations
On the ground state of an impurity in a dilute Fermi gas

Abstract The system under consideration is a large collection of identical fermions ( B ), forming a background, into which is inserted a relatively small number of distinct impurity ( I ) particles. The background is considered to be dilute in the sense that R ⪢ a , where R is the average separation of the B particles, and a is the range of their interaction potential; and the I particles are so dilute with respect to the B particles that I-I interactions can be ignored. The I particles are then all essentially at rest in their ground state. The BB and BI interaction potentials are chosen to be hard cores of the same range a . A series expansion is developed for the ground-state energy of the I particles, and the first four terms are calculated explicitly using two distinct methods, employing Feynman and Goldstone diagrams respectively. It is shown that each method has distinct advantages over the other, and that a judicious combination of both can be used to considerable benefit.
Association of melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis with large congenital melanocytic naevi--results from the NYU-LCMN registry.

Summary Background Large congenital melanocytic naevi (LCMN), which develop in utero and are present in approximately one in 20 000 newborns, are associated with markedly increased risks of cutaneous melanoma, leptomeningeal melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis (NCM). Objectives This study examined clinical characteristics associated with melanoma and NCM among patients with LCMN, and estimated the risk of developing melanoma and NCM in these patients. Methods Two hundred and five LCMN patients enrolled in the New York University registry were studied. One hundred and seventy of these patients were followed prospectively. The remaining 35 patients had either melanoma at the time of entry into the registry (n = 6), or had insufficient follow-up information (n = 29). The outcome measures were the occurrence of melanoma and NCM. The associations between these outcomes and the clinical covariates (anatomical location of the LCMN, size of the LCMN, number of satellite lesions, family history of melanoma, patient sex and treatment) were assessed. Results Four of 170 (2·3%) prospectively followed patients developed melanomas, representing a standardized morbidity ratio of 324. Among the entire cohort (n = 205), there were associations between increasing numbers of satellite naevi and the occurrence of melanoma (P = 0·04), and the presence of NCM (P = 0·06). Compared with patients who did not develop these diseases, median LCMN diameters were larger among patients who developed melanoma (49 vs. 39 cm) and NCM (55 vs. 46 cm). Conclusions In LCMN patients, increasing numbers of satellite lesions and larger LCMN diameters are associated with melanoma and NCM.
Health risk behaviors and attempted suicide in adolescents who report prior maltreatment

We hypothesized that high school students who experienced prior maltreatment would be more likely than their peers to report health risk behaviors and suicide attempts. Before the establishment of a high school-based clinic, an anonymous needs assessment survey was completed by 600 adolescents (grades 9 to 12). Sociodemographic information was obtained and questions were asked about physical and sexual abuse, health-related behaviors and habits, and suicide attempts. Thirteen percent of the adolescents had been maltreated: 5.2% reported prior physical abuse, 5.4% sexual abuse, and 2.7% both physical and sexual abuse. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to clarify how previous abuse was related to adolescent risk-taking behaviors and suicide. Students with a history of physical abuse were three times more likely than non-abused peers to drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes, almost twice as likely to use illicit drugs, six times more likely to self-induce vomiting, and five times more likely to attempt suicide. A student with a history of prior sexual abuse had a three and one-half times greater chance of being sexually active and was more than three times more likely to attempt suicide. These data on a nonclinical, nondeviant population of adolescents indicate that physical or sexual abuse in childhood may have a significant impact on adolescent health risk behaviors and suicide attempts.
A conserved dimer and global conformational changes in the structure of apo-PknE Ser/Thr protein kinase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Abstract The “eukaryotic-like” receptor Ser/Thr protein kinases (STPKs) are candidates for the sensors that mediate environmental adaptations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). To define the mechanisms of regulation and substrate recognition, we determined the crystal structure of the ligand-free, activated kinase domain (KD) of the Mtb STPK, PknE. Remarkably, the PknE KD formed a dimer similar to that first observed in the structure of the ATPγS complex of the Mtb paralog, PknB. This structural similarity, which occurs despite little sequence conservation between the PknB and PknE dimer interfaces, supports the idea that dimerization regulates the Mtb receptor STPKs. Insertion of the DFG motif into the ATP-binding site and other conformational differences compared the ATPγS:PknB complex suggest that apo-PknE is not pre-organized to bind nucleotides. This structure may represent an inactive conformation stabilized by dimerization or, alternatively, an active conformation that reveals shifts that mediate nucleotide exchange and order substrate binding.
Applying cellular automata to hyperspectral edge detection

This paper proposes the concept of using cellular automata (CAs) and adapted edge detection algorithms for edge detection in hyperspectral images. The approach consists of an edge detection CA and a post-processing CA (that implements morphological operations for denoising the edges). The CA approach is generalized in that it operates on any three-dimensional data cube, allowing for hyperspectral dimensionality reduction as a pre-processing stage if preferred. The CA approach is designed, implemented, and applied to airborne hyperspectral imagery for qualitative assessment and applied to synthetic imagery, where the precise ground truth of edges are known, for quantitative assessment. Results show the CA method to be very promising for both unsupervised and supervised edge detection in hyperspectral imagery.
Galectin-3 expression and subcellular localization in senescent human fibroblasts.

Galectin-3 is a galactose/lactose-binding protein (Mr ∼30,000), identified as a required factor in the splicing of pre-mRNA. In the LG1 strain of human diploid fibroblasts, galectin-3 could be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of young, proliferating cells. In contrast, the protein was predominantly cytoplasmic in senescent LG1 cells that have lost replicative competence through in vitro culture. Incubation of young cells with leptomycin B, a drug that disrupts the interaction between the leucine-rich nuclear export signal and its receptor, resulted in the accumulation of galectin-3 inside the nucleus. In senescent cells, galectin-3 staining remained cytoplasmic even in the presence of the drug, thus suggesting that the observed localization in the cytoplasm was due to a lack of nuclear import. In heterodikaryons derived from fusion of young and senescent LG1 cells, the predominant phenotype was galectin-3 in both nuclei. These results suggest that senescent LG1 cells might lack a factor(s) specifically required for galectin-3 nuclear import.
161 EARLY ASSESSMENT OF HEMODYNAMIC STATUS FOLLOWING RE-PAIR OF TETRALOGY OF FALLOT: A COMPARISON OF INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AND ONE-YEAR POSTOPERATIVE DATA IN 98 PATIENTS

Hemodynamic data obtained in the intensive care unit (ICU) immediately following repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) were compared with measurements obtained at one-year postoperative catheterization (C) in 98 infants and children (pts). Eight of twelve pts who had pulmonary artery O2 saturation (PAO2S)≥ 80% in the ICU had Qp/Qs> 1.5 at C. All 79 pts who had PAO2S 40 mmHg in the ICU had ΔRVOT> 40 mmHg at C. Fifty four of 61 pts. who had Δ RVOT ≤ 40 mmHg in the ICU had Δ RVOT ≤ 40mmHg at C. (Sensitivity 42%, specificity 98%, predictive value ⊕83% predictive value ⊖89%.) The addition of measurements of RV and RV/arterial pressures in the ICU did not improve the sensitivity of identifying Δ RVOT ≤ 40 mmHg at C. ICU measurement of PAO2S is valuable for determining the presence or absence of significant left to right shunts following repair of TOF and should be considered an adjunct to patient management. ICU measurement of Δ RVOT identifies patients with significant Δ RVOT but is not highly sensitive.
Selective Exposure to Online Foreign News during the Conflict with Iraq

Several observers note that particularly since September 11, 2001, U.S. residents increasingly have used online foreign news sites.Yet currently little is known about the prevalence or determinants of online foreign news usage. This study examines the online foreign news usage of a representative sample of Internet users during the conflict with Iraq. The results indicate that approximately one-fourth of Internet news consumers use foreign sites. Also, by considering the differences in perspective between mainstream domestic news and foreign news and using the notion of selective exposure, the authors generate hypotheses regarding foreign online news usage. After controlling for other theoretically relevant factors, they find that those most opposed to the Bush administration possess the greatest likelihood of supplementing their domestic online news with an online foreign source.
Existence results for some higher-order evolution equations with operator coefficients

Abstract In this paper we study and obtain the existence of C ( r ) -pseudo almost automorphic solutions to some higher-order differential equations with operator coefficients whose forcing is C ( s ) -pseudo almost automorphic. We next use these abstract results to study the existence of C ( r ) -pseudo almost automorphic solutions to some second-order differential equations in Hilbert space which, among other things, model the so-called linear beam equation.
Reaction kinetics in sodium silicate powder and liquid activated slag binders evaluated using isothermal calorimetry

Abstract The kinetics of alkali activation of slag is highly dependent on the activator type and its chemical constitution. This paper explores the early-age reaction kinetics of slag activated using powder sodium silicate (which makes handling easier in practice) and compares it with that of waterglass (liquid sodium silicate) activated slag pastes. The influence of Na2O-to-slag ratio and the activator modulus (SiO2-to-Na2O ratio) on the isothermal calorimetric response is presented. The powder sodium silicate activated slag pastes show a calorimetric response similar to NaOH activated slag systems, with both demonstrating single early-age reaction peaks. In contrast, the waterglass activated systems show a calorimetric response similar to those of OPC pastes, with a marked induction period. Kinetic modeling is used to quantify the differences in reaction kinetics. Jander equation is used to model the time-dependent degree of reaction and to relate it to the rate controlling processes when different types of activators are used.
Competitive Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation: Gas-Phase Acidity and O−H Bond Dissociation Enthalpy of Phenol

Energy-resolved competitive collision-induced dissociation methods are used to measure the gas-phase acidity of phenol relative to hydrogen cyanide. The competitive dissociation of the [C6H5O·H·CN]- complex into C6H5OH + CN- and C6H5O- + HCN is studied using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer. The reaction cross sections and product branching fractions are measured as a function of collision energy. The enthalpy difference between the two reaction channels is found by modeling the reaction cross sections near threshold using RRKM theory to account for the energy-dependent product branching ratio and kinetic shift. From the enthalpy difference, the phenol gas-phase acidity, ΔacidH0(C6H5OH) = 1448 ± 8 kJ/mol, is determined relative to the established literature value of hydrogen cyanide, ΔacidH0(HCN) = 1462.3 ± 0.9 kJ/mol. We then derive ΔacidH298(C6H5OH) = 1454 ± 8 kJ/mol and the bond dissociation energy of D298(C6H5O−H) = 359 ± 8 kJ/mol.
Phase transition in ultrathin Bi films.

Dynamical studies of Bi ultrathin films prepared on carbon at 100 K exhibit a phase transition from nanocrystalline to amorphouslike clusters. Evidence for the transition at a thickness of {similar to}8 A is provided by the form, intensity, and polarization dependence of {ital in} {ital situ} Raman-scattering measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. A substantial increase in frequency of the opticlike band with decreasing thickness indicates increased covalent interactions. This contrasts with superconducting Bi films, suggesting a semiconducting amorphous state in clusters.
Characterization of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription in Xenopus extracts.

Abstract We examine the RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription directed by several promoters in extracts prepared from distinct developmental stages of Xenopus laevis. RNA polymerase II accurately initiates transcription from the cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase, and Xenopus heat-shock protein (hsp) 70 promoters. The efficiency of transcription of these different promoters is dependent on whether extracts from oocytes, eggs, or somatic cells are used and on the temperature of incubation. In contrast to the viral promoters, the hsp 70 promoter is more active at heat shock temperatures in oocyte and egg extracts (31°–34°C) than at physiological temperatures for Xenopus (20°–25°C). These in vitro transcription extracts should be useful in examining the molecular mechanisms responsible for differential gene expression during Xenopus development.
A general technique for interference filtering

With one exception, the radiation and leakage 1 from a signal generator can be held below specified limits. Exception exists in the loop consisting of the signal generator power cord, the power main, the ground connection of the signal generator, and the signal generator itself. Signals passing through the line filter are resonated in this loop and these signals can only be reduced by mismatch or by reduction of the maximum power available. Since the nature of the loop is unpredictable, a mismatch that will hold in every case cannot be provided. A limit on the maximum power available holds in every case. This maximum available power theoretically can be measured and the limit which it should not exceed can readily be found. The load drawing maximum power from a three terminal network is found and the theory of measuring this maximum available power is developed herein. Also indicated are how a limit can be set on maximum available power and how a simple LC filter fails to provide reliable mismatch.
Seventh edition (2010) of the AJCC/UICC staging system for gastric adenocarcinoma: is there room for improvement?

The gastric cancer AJCC/UICC staging system recently underwent significant revisions, but studies on Asian patients have reported a lack of adequate discrimination between various consecutive stages. We sought to validate the new system on a U.S. population database. California Cancer Registry data linked to the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development discharge abstracts were used to identify patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (esophagogastric junction and gastric cardia tumors excluded) who underwent curative-intent surgical resection in California from 2002 to 2006. AJCC/UICC stage was recalculated based on the latest seventh edition. Overall survival probabilities were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Of 1905 patients analyzed, 54 % were males with a median age of 70 years. Median number of pathologically examined lymph nodes was 12 (range, 1–90); 40 % of patients received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 31 % received adjuvant radiotherapy. The seventh edition AJCC/UICC system did not distinguish outcome adequately between stages IB and IIA (P = 0.40), or IIB and IIIA (P = 0.34). By merging stage II into 1 category and moving T2N1 to stage IB and T2N2, T1N3 to stage IIIA, we propose a new grouping system with improved discriminatory ability In this first study validating the new seventh edition AJCC/UICC staging system for gastric cancer on a U.S. population with a relatively limited number of lymph nodes examined, we found stages IB and IIA, as well as IIB and IIIA to perform similarly. We propose a revised stage grouping for the AJCC/UICC staging system that better discriminates between outcomes.
Finite element calculation of time-dependent two-dimensional viscoelastic flow with the explicitly elliptic momentum equation formulation

Abstract The explicitly elliptic momentum equation (EEME) formulation for the upper-convected Maxwell model is extended to the analysis of time-dependent flows. The formulation makes explicit the elliptic operator, which controls the spatial dependence of the velocity field, and the hyperbolic-like character of the time-dependent equations, which gives rise to the wave-like character of transients when inertia is included. Numerical solutions are computed by using finite element approximations for the spatial dependence of the velocity, stress and pressure, coupled with finite difference discretizations of time derivatives. Numerically stable and accurate solutions are demonstrated for the flows between concentric and eccentric rotating cylinders when the condition for change of type of the steady momentum equation from elliptic to hyperbolic is not satisfied. A semi-implicit algorithm is presented in which the normal stresses are computed implicitly from the corresponding components of the constitutive equation and the velocities, pressure and shear stress are computed implicitly from the EEME-continuity pair and the shear component of the constitutive equation at each time step. The coupling between these two calculations is explicit; however, calculations are not constrained to small time steps. An algorithm that decouples all stress components from velocities and pressure is shown to be severely limited to small time steps. These results are consistent with the constraints caused by the mathematical type of the governing equations.
Preliminary identification of the human macular pigment.

The human macular pigment has been found to be composed to two chromatographically separable components, which are tentatively identified as lutein [(3R,3'R,6'R)-beta,epsilon-Carotene-3,3'-diol] and zeaxanthin [(3R,3'R)-beta,beta-Carotene-3,3'-diol]. Chromatograms of retinal extracts, obtained by HPLC on three different stationary phases, were found to match those obtained with mixtures of lutein and zeaxanthin standards. Identical retention times were confirmed by coinjection of each of the isolated components with the appropriate standard. U.V.-visible spectra of the purified components were identical in all respects with those of lutein and zeaxanthin. Further support for our identification was obtained by the preparation and chromatographic comparison of derivatives of the macular pigment and of the standards.
Asynchronous Displays for multi-UV Search Tasks

Synchronous video has long been the preferred mode for controlling remote robots with other modes such as asynchronous control only used when unavoidable as in the case of interplanetary robotics. We identify two basic problems for controlling multiple robots using synchronous displays: operator overload and information fusion. Synchronous displays from multiple robots can easily overwhelm an operator who must search video for targets. If targets are plentiful, the operator will likely miss targets that enter and leave unattended views while dealing with others that were noticed. The related fusion problem arises because robots' multiple fields of view may overlap forcing the operator to reconcile different views from different perspectives and form an awareness of the environment by "piecing them together". We have conducted a series of experiments investigating the suitability of asynchronous displays for multi-UV search. Our first experiments involved static panoramas in which operators selected locations at which robots halted and panned their camera to capture a record of what could be seen from that location. A subsequent experiment investigated the hypothesis that the relative performance of the panoramic display would improve as the number of robots was increased causing greater overload and fusion problems. In a subsequent Image Queue system we used automated path planning and also automated the selection of imagery for presentation by choosing a greedy selection of non-overlapping views. A fourth set of experiments used the SUAVE display, an asynchronous variant of the picture-in-picture technique for video from multiple UAVs. The panoramic displays which addressed only the overload problem led to performance similar to synchronous video while the Image Queue and SUAVE displays which addressed fusion as well led to improved performance on a number of measures. In this paper we will review our experiences in designing and testing asynchronous displays and discuss challenges to their use including tracking dynamic targets. © 2012 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.
Better online buffer management

As the Internet becomes more mature, there is a realization that improving the performance of routers has the potential to substantially improve Internet performance in general. Currently, most routers forward packets in a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) order. However, the diversity of applications supported by modern IP-based networks has resulted in unpredictable packet flows, and heterogeneous network traffic. Thus, it is becoming more reasonable to consider differentiating between different types of packets, and perhaps to consider allowing packets to specify a deadline by which it must be processed. These issues have made buffer management at routers a critical issue in providing effective quality of service to the various applications that use the network.In this paper, we study an online problem in which each packet is described by its discrete arrival time, non-negative weight and discrete deadline; arriving packets are buffered for delivery and all packets have the same processing time. The packets arrive online, and our objective is to maximize the sum of weights of those packets that are sent by their deadlines. We describe an online deterministic algorithm with a competitive ratio of 1.854, improving the best previous known competitive ratio of 1.939 (Bartal et al. STACS 2004).The algorithmic framework we use has several interesting features. First, we do not use a potential function. Instead, after each step we modify the adversary's buffer. Second, we introduce "dummy packets" to facilitate the decision making.
Management of Bone Loss in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

Revision total knee arthroplasty presents several complex challenges to the adult reconstructive surgeon, including management of bone loss and ligamentous insufficiency. Bone loss patterns can be anatomically categorized and the surgical treatment can be algorithmically approached based on the bone loss pattern. In this review, we present a simplified, anatomically based classification system of bone loss patterns encountered in total knee arthroplasty. This classification system can help guide the orthopedic surgeon in prosthetic design selection, and the allograft and prosthetic augmentation options in the surgical management of these cases.
Cognitive prognosis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective First, to determine whether patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy have a different cognitive trajectory compared to control subjects over a prospective 4-year interval; second, to determine the proportion of patients who exhibit abnormal cognitive change and their profile of demographic, clinical epilepsy, and baseline quantitative magnetic resonance imaging characteristics; and third, to determine the most vulnerable cognitive domains. Methods Participants with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 46) attending a tertiary referral clinic and healthy control subjects (n = 65) underwent neuropsychological assessment and reevaluation 4 years later. Analysis of test–retest patterns identified individual patients with adverse cognition outcomes. Results The prospective cognitive trajectory of patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy differs from age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Lack of practice effects is common, but frank adverse cognitive outcomes are observed in a subset of patients (20–25%), particularly in vulnerable cognitive domains that include memory. Cognitive declines are associated with a profile of abnormalities in baseline quantitative magnetic resonance volumetrics, lower baseline intellectual capacity, as well as longer duration of epilepsy and older chronological age. Interpretation Cognitive prognosis is poor for a subset of patients characterized by chronicity of epilepsy, older age, lower intellectual ability, and more baseline abnormalities in quantitative magnetic resonance volumetrics. Ann Neurol 2006;60:80–87
Popular Visual Images and the (Mis)Reading of Black Male Youth: a case for racial literacy in urban preservice teacher education

In the majority of public schools across the nation, Black male youth are undergoing what can be deemed as “educational genocide” – the killing off of any chances for an equitable education. This dramatically decreases opportunities for Black male youth to develop into fully participating citizens in a democratic society. In many ways, race is the silent killer because it is frequently masked. Preservice teachers often take their cue for how to treat Black male students from existing stereotypes about Black males and media representations of them. In this article, we argue for the development of racial literacy in preservice teacher education programs as a pedagogical method to mitigate the misreading of Black male students in teacher candidates’ fieldwork experiences and subsequently in their future classrooms. Our argument operates from the premise that in a time when diversity, multiculturalism, and inclusion are more widely recognized than ever before, the notion of race, and popular education films t...
The isolation and characterization of coliphage N20F', and properties of the induced lytic enzyme.

Abstract 1. 1. The present study describes the isolaton of a new coliphge, N 20 F′ and two spontaneous mutants. The three isolates are antigenically identical but can be distinguished by their plaque morphology. The relative activity of the lytic enzymes in lysates of N 20 F′ infected cells is correlated with the plaque morphology of the various mutants, that is, the specific activities of the induced lytic enzymes derived from infected host cells increase with increased plaque clarity. 2. 2. The phage-induced lytic enzyme produced by the three mutants possesses the same properties. The crude enzyme exhibits two pH optima, one at pH 8.5 and the other at pH 5.5 EDTA and divalent metal ions enhance the pH 5.5 activity but inhibit at pH 8.5. Carboxylic acids at high concentrations produce the same effects as EDTA. However, in the presence of low concentrations of carboxylic acids the pH 5.5 activity is drastically reduced, while there is no inhibition of the pH 8.5 activity. Thermal inactivation studies also show that the heat stability of the two activities are not the same.
Is Coping Goodness-of-Fit Related to Depression and Mood Disturbance in Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome?

ObjectivesThe present study tested the goodness-of-fit hypothesis, which posits that the outcome or effectiveness of a coping strategy depends on the fit between the type of strategy employed and the appraised controllability of the event. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the goodness-of-fit hypothesis would receive support in a group of women with fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] in explaining depression and mood disturbance. Besides testing the goodness-of-fit hypothesis for emotion- and problem-focused coping, an additional goal was to determine whether the hypothesis applies to meaning-focused coping for this sample. This population offers a good test because FMS is often associated with feelings of distress and a lack of control over the syndrome.MethodsParticipants were 478 women with FMS [mean age 54.3 ± 11.2 years] who were part of a larger intervention. Analyses included separate hierarchical regression analyses to determine whether the relationship between coping and control predicte...
Oximetry in cells and tissues using a nitroxide-liposome system.

In order to avoid the complication of reduction of nitroxides in biological media during oxygen measurements, liposomes containing a water-soluble nitroxide, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine- N -oxyl-4-trimethylammonium (Catl), were used in studies of oxygen consumption by thymus-bone-marrow cells. The superhyperfine structure of Cat1 contained in liposomes was found to be sensitive to oxygen concentration in a fashion similar to that of free Cat1. Measurements of cellular respiration using Cat1 contained in liposomes agreed well with the results obtained using free Cat1. Using this nitroxide-liposome system, the respiration of liver slices was measured successfully, whereas such measurements using free Cat1 were complicated by rapid reduction of the nitroxide. This nitroxide-liposome system also could be used in conjunction with a membrane permeable nitroxide and an extracellular broadening agent to measure intracellular and extracellular oxygen concentrations simultaneously.
Consistency of Factor Structure on the Semantic Differential: An Analysis of Three Adult Samples.

Piotrowski (1983a, 1984) reported on variance in Osgood's (1957) formulation of three dimensions of semantic space on the semantic differential technique with a fifth grade sample. The current study was concerned with the consistency of factor structure in three adult samples using three different concepts: THE UNIVERSITY OF WEST FLORIDA, DEATH, and MYSELF. Results indicated consistency for the predicted Evaluation dimension (Factor I) and moderate consistency for both Potency and Activity dimensions across the three samples. However, some scales tended to be loaded significantly on more than one factor; this was particularly evident for the Evaluation dimension in that several non-Evaluative scales at times weighted on Factor I. Although the findings indicated a slight increase in factor invariance when compared to Piotrowski's earlier work with children, researchers are still cautioned to subject their semantic differential data to factorial methods so as to enhance the validity of their results.
Deuteron stripping on spheroidal nuclei

Abstract An explanation is proposed of the effect of mixtures of two or more l -values in (d, p) stripping angular distributions from the point of view of the spheroidal nuclear model. S. G. Nilsson's wave functions are employed to represent the captured neutron. General properties of the cross-sections and selection rules are discussed. Qualitative agreement is obtained in a number of examples. Angular γ-p correlations are discussed of γ-rays following (d, p) stripping reactions. Polarization of the outgoing protons is calculated.
Overview of clinical perspectives and mechanisms of obesity.

One only has to open the newspaper or turn on the radioto hear about the epidemic of obesity in America. Not onlydoes obesity exact a heavy toll on the population’s health,but the medical costs associated with obesity, especiallythose related to treatment for type II diabetes and cardio-vascular disease, are astronomical. The American MedicalAssociation now estimates that the expense to society oftreating obesity-associated diseases, particularly diabetes,now exceeds that of smoking-related diseases (Schwimmeret al., 2003). Even the aviation industry has recently in-creased its average per-passenger weight estimate by 10pounds, in order to maintain air safety in the face of theever-increasing waistline (Phillips, 2003).The existence of adipose tissue as a specialized organreﬂects the needs developed by organisms over time tocope with irregular and unpredictable supplies of nutri-ents. These needs became especially acute in the omnivo-rous mammals and were probably a key survival feature.In
361 Prospective, Randomized Trial of Immediate Vs Delayed Cord Clamping in Preterm Infants: Effects on Intravascular RBC Volume/Mass and RBC Transfusions

Purpose: Preterm infants, many with respiratory disease, need RBC transfusions early in life. Although studies in preterm infants of immediate versus delayed cord clamping suggested improved hemodynamics and fewer transfusions after delayed clamping, results are inconsistent. Previously, we reported (Transfusion 2003;43:1168) increased intravascular RBC volume/mass (measured with biotin-labeled RBCs) following delayed cord clamping. Now, we report whether this increased RBC volume/mass alters RBC transfusions.
Constraints on Statistical Language Learning

Abstract How do learners discover the structure in linguistic input? One set of cues which learners might use to acquire phrase structure are the dependencies, or predictive relationships, which link elements within phrases. In order to determine whether learners can use this statistical information, adults and children were exposed to artificial languages that either contained or violated the kinds of dependencies that characterize natural languages. Additional experiments contrasted the acquisition of these linguistic systems with the same grammars implemented as non-linguistic input (sequences of nonlinguistic sounds or shapes). Predictive relationships yielded better learning for sequentially presented auditory stimuli, and for simultaneously presented visual stimuli, but no such advantage was found for sequentially presented visual stimuli. Learning outcomes were not affected by the degree to which the input contained linguistic content. These findings suggest that constraints on learning mechanisms that mirror the structure of natural languages are not tailored solely for language learning. Implications for theories of language acquisition and perceptual learning are discussed.
Evaluation of myocardial blood flow reserve in patients with chronic congestive heart failure due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy

This study demonstrates a significant impairment in coronary blood flow reserve in most patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy despite normal epicardial coronary arteries. This change may prevent appropriate increases in coronary blood flow and thus lead to myocardial ischemia and progression of disease. An association between decreased response to adenosine and acetylcholine supports previous observations indicating that adenosine-induced vasodilation of coronary microcirculation is dependent on endothelial nitric oxide production.
Adsorption at the interface between water and self-assembled monolayers: Structure and electronic spectra

The structure of the interface between water and self-assembled organic monolayers having different roughness and polarity is investigated by molecular dynamics computer simulations. The electronic absorption spectrum of an adsorbed chromophore at these different interfaces is computed and correlated with the structure of the interface. Several different electronic transitions characterized by different changes in the electric dipole moment are considered. We find that the effective polarity of the interface is greater than that of bulk water in contrast to the situation at several liquid/liquid interfaces, but in agreement with recent experiments at the liquid/solid interface. We show that this higher effective polarity is due to a contribution from the polar groups at the surface that is larger than the loss due to the decreased interaction with water.
Significance of mesh-fineness in accuracy of finite element analysis of hyperbolic cooling tower shells

Abstract Increased dependence on finite element modelling of structures in practice has made awareness of error potential of these analyses essential. This concern is even more pertinent in case of shell structures, since finite element analysis results of these structures is more error-prone. In reported research, the effect of mesh-fineness of finite element models on accuracy of finite element analysis solutions is investigated for hyperbolic cooling tower shells. The sensitivity of the errors to geometry of the shell is also examined. Elastic material model and static gravity loading is used. The study findings indicate that under symmetric state of stress, inadequate mesh-fineness may cause significant error in the shell force estimate from finite element analysis. The accuracy of longitudinal shell force estimate is fairly insensitive to the geometry of the shell. However, even small changes in the shape may drastically affect the accuracy of meridional shell force estimates.
Simulating aircraft delay absorption

An airplane's ability to absorb delay while airborne is limited and costly. Because of this, the air traffic control system anticipates and manages excessive demand for scarce shared resources, such as arrival runways or busy airspace, so that the delay necessary for buffering can be spread out over a larger distance, or taken on the ground before departure. It is difficult to model these important dynamics in a standard queue-resource simulation framework, which does not account for limited delay absorption capacity. The modeling methodology presented here captures these dynamics by employing a large number of independent threads of execution to monitor and enforce a large number of relatively simple mathematical relationships. These relationships calculate feasible time windows for each portion of each flight. The model was implemented in the SLX simulation language. The speed and scalability of SLX are essential to the approach, which would otherwise be impractical.
The expression of the let-7 small regulatory RNA is controlled by ecdysone during metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster.

In Caenorhabditis elegans, the heterochronic pathway controls the timing of developmental events during the larval stages. A component of this pathway, the let-7 small regulatory RNA, is expressed at the late stages of development and promotes the transition from larval to adult (L/A) stages. The stage-specificity of let-7 expression, which is crucial for the proper timing of the worm L/A transition, is conserved in Drosophila melanogaster and other invertebrates. In Drosophila, pulses of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysone) control the timing of the transition from larval to pupal to adult stages. To test whether let-7 expression is regulated by ecdysone in Drosophila, we used Northern blot analysis to examine the effect of altered ecdysone levels on let-7 expression in mutant animals, organ cultures, and S2 cultured cells. Experiments were conducted to test the role of Broad-Complex (BR-C), an essential component in the ecdysone pathway, in let-7 expression. We show that ecdysone and BR-C are required for let-7 expression, indicating that the ecdysone pathway regulates the temporal expression of let-7 in Drosophila. These results demonstrate an interaction between steroid hormone signaling and the heterochronic pathway in insects.