cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rodent Ultrasonic Vocalization as a Window Into Auditory Cortical Processing and Plasticity

Abstract A central subject of interest in auditory neuroscience is the role that the auditory cortex plays in acoustic perception and behavior. The auditory cortex is increasingly recognized as a processing station that does more than just represent sound features. It contributes to the encoding of abstract auditory categories and memories in ways that may directly influence behavioral response. Investigating how ultrasonic vocalizations are processed in the rodent auditory cortex can advance our understanding of its broader role in modulating behavior and provide a hint at ways in which its dysfunction might contribute to social communication disorders. In this chapter, we introduce the basic anatomy of the auditory cortex and then review recent work on the coding of ultrasonic vocalizations in the auditory cortex. We discuss how experience can enhance the detectability and discriminability of ultrasonic vocalizations in the auditory cortex, and how the social neurochemical oxytocin may facilitate neuronal plasticity directly in the auditory cortex.
Multiphoton Intravital Microscopy to Study Lymphocyte Motility in Lymph Nodes

Intravital microscopy (IVM) allows for the direct in vivo visualization of dynamic biological processes in their physiological context at high spatial and temporal resolution. Novel nonlinear optical imaging modalities, most prominently multiphoton microscopy, have extended the spectrum of cellular functions amenable to IVM investigation to include migration and cell-cell interactions occurring deep inside the highly light-scattering environments of solid tissues, which had so far been inaccessible to conventional microscopy techniques. This has led to important new insights into immune cell behavior at steady state, as well as their change in behavior during an immune response. Here, we describe in detail a technique that allows for the monitoring of lymphocyte motility in the lymph nodes of mice at the single cell level using multiphoton intravital microscopy (MP-IVM).
Leukocyte-Suppressing Influences of Interleukin (IL)-10 in Cardiac Allografts: Insights from IL-10 Knockout Mice

To investigate the role of interleukin (IL)-10 in late graft outcomes, we compared BALB/c donor hearts transplanted into immunosuppressed wild-type or IL-10 gene-deficient (−/−) C57BL recipients (n = 49) at 50 ± 5 days. There was prominent leukocyte infiltration and parenchymal destruction with more severe vascular occlusion in grafts from IL-10 −/− recipients. An occlusive CD45+ arteritis with medial necrosis occurred with IL-10 deficiency instead of the α-smooth muscle actin-rich arteriosclerosis seen in wild-type recipients. Increased interferon (IFN)-γ as well as Mac-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and allograft inflammatory factor-1 (but not CD3 and IL-4) transcript levels were seen in allografts from IL-10 −/− recipients as assessed by 32P reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We then evaluated the contribution of IFN-γ-mediated responses by neutralizing IFN-γ. Anti-IFN-γ monoclonal antibody (MAb) treatment of IL-10 −/− recipients did not improve graft survival, parenchymal rejection, or occlusive arteritis, indicating that these processes are IFN-γ independent. However, medial smooth muscle cell loss in IL-10 −/− recipients was attenuated by anti-IFN-γ MAb. Hence, in this transplant model, IL-10 suppresses T cell and macrophage responses in the parenchyma and vasculature and confers a protective effect against late rejection.
The project vita: A dynamic knowledge management tool.

Abstract A project vita is a comprehensive index of factual information about a project’s activities and achievements. Like an individual’s professional curriculum vita or resume, it serves as evidence of past performance and capacity for future endeavors. This article situates the project vita as a knowledge management tool for use by large-scale research and development projects or coalitions. In such complex endeavors, the variety and scope of the knowledge generated can quickly outpace project staff attempts to collect, classify, disseminate, and support the effective use of the constant stream of information being produced. We describe how to develop a project vita and utilize it to support several essential project functions, including communication, evaluation, management, and as a portal to products.
Emerging Themes in the Literature

This chapter first highlights several important trends and themes running through the pertinent literature. The discussion focuses on five key topics: literature in regulation and design review; process and guidelines; the interrelationship of individuals involved in the process; design review as a larger social expression; and goals and implementation of design review in relation to the reviewer’s roles. Second, the chapter introduces background ideas and emerging concepts for the four hypothesized roles of design reviewers: educator, facilitator, therapist, and convener.
Not All Qubits Are Created Equal: A Case for Variability-Aware Policies for NISQ-Era Quantum Computers

Existing and near-term quantum computers are not yet large enough to support fault-tolerance. Such systems with few tens to few hundreds of qubits are termed as Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum computers (NISQ), and these systems can provide benefits for a class of quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the problems of Qubit-Allocation (mapping of program qubits to machine qubits) and Qubit-Movement (routing qubits from one location to another for entanglement). We observe that there can be variation in the error rates of different qubits and links, which can impact the decisions for qubit movement and qubit allocation. We analyze publicly available characterization data for the IBM-Q20 to quantify the variation and show that there is indeed significant variability in the error rates of the qubits and the links connecting them. We show that the device variability has a significant impact on the overall system reliability. To exploit the variability in error rate, we propose Variation-Aware Qubit Movement (VQM) and Variation-Aware Qubit Allocation (VQA), policies that optimize the movement and allocation of qubits to avoid the weaker qubits and links, and guide more operations towards the stronger qubits and links. Our evaluations, with a simulation-based model of IBM-Q20, show that Variation-Aware policies can improve the system reliability by up to 1.7x. We also evaluate our policies on the IBM-Q5 machine and demonstrate that our proposal significantly improves the reliability of real systems (up to 1.9X).
A Survey on Big Data-Concepts, Analytics and its Tools

Big data is related with another age of innovations and structures, which can outfit the estimation of greatly substantial volumes of extremely fluctuated information through ongoing preparing and investigation. It includes changes in information composes, aggregation speed, and information volume, Size is the first, and at times, the only dimension that leaps out at the mention of big data. This paper attempts to offer a broader definition of big data that captures its other unique and defining characteristics. Academic journals in numerous disciplines, which will benefit from a relevant discussion of big data, have yet to cover the topic. This paper presents a consolidated description of big data by integrating definitions from practitioners and academics. The paper’s primary focus is on the analytic methods used for big data. A particular distinguishing feature of this paper is its focus on analytics related to unstructured data, which constitute 95% of big data. This paper also reinforces the need to devise new tools for predictive analytics for structured big data. In this paper, focus on concepts, methods and analytics used in big data.
Extraordinary THz absorption in 2D material-dielectric integrated metasurfaces

This work discusses our recent findings on 2D material-dielectric integrated metasurfaces, as an alternative approach to 2D material-metal hybrid metamaterials, for providing efficient control of the electromagnetic beam propagation at THz wavelengths. The analyzed structures consist of a passive dielectric pattern and a reconfigurable 2D material sheet whose THz optical conductivity can be actively tuned. We show that via optimizing the geometric dimensions in the patterns it is possible to attain almost complete absorption by the 2D material at an arbitrary frequency of interest.
Pets as a Novel Microbiome-Based Therapy

While genomics can be used to determine genetic susceptibility to certain illnesses, genetic-based approaches alone are rarely capable of predicting the onset of a disease. Environmental factors, such as microbial exposure, often play a significant role in determining human susceptibility to illness, which impacts the genetic predictability of a disease in many cases. While humans are exposed to microbes in almost every facet of their daily lives, one vector has become of particular interest as of late: pets. In addition to the mental and physical benefits conferred by pets unto their owners, it is thought that human exposure to animal-associated microbes can play a significant role in bolstering human health. In response to this, a new treatment that leverages exposure to pet-associated microbes is being proposed for diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and even depression. Emergent treatments like these, which have grown out of the human microbiome study, have begun to open up new frontiers in the field of personalized medicine. Microbial therapies such as probiotics, fecal microbiome transplants, and personalized diets are already having a substantial impact on patient care and are heralding in a new vision of precision medicine. Microbiome-based therapeutics involving microbial exposure in homes have been increasingly investigated for their potential to prevent and treat chronic diseases. This chapter explores the evidence that symbioses between humans and their cohabiting pets shape the interaction between microbes, host, and the environment and how that interaction affects human health and disease.
OH* chemiluminescence in the H2NO2 and H2N2O systems

Abstract Shock-tube experiments were performed in a mixture of 0.222% H2/0.392% NO2/Ar between 1535 and 2003 K near 1.1 atm. Time histories of OH* chemiluminescence from the A→X band near 307 nm were recorded and showed poor agreement with predictions from a recent hydrocarbon/NOx model when only the OH*-forming reactions N2O + H ⇆ N2 + OH* (R2) and O + H (+M) ⇆ OH* (+M) (R3) were included. Since chemiluminescence is strongly correlated with heat release and since the reaction NO2 + H ⇆ NO+OH is known to be primarily responsible for heat release during H2 NO2 oxidation, the chemiluminescent reaction NO2 + H ⇆ NO + OH* (R1) was proposed for the first time. By fitting the experimental OH* data, a best-fit rate constant was obtained as k 1 = 7.0 × 10 13 exp ( − 27 , 680 / T ) , with k1 in cm3 mol−1 s−1 and T in K. This expression for k1 is valid in the experimental temperature range of 1535 to 2003 K. The fitted k1 value is dependent on the base NOx mechanism used. OH* profiles were also acquired in a mixture of 0.333% H2/0.666% N2O/Ar between 1448 and 1776 K near 1.1 atm. The introduction of the new reaction R1 into the mechanism had no effect on the modeling of either the newly acquired H2 N2O OH* data or previous H2 N2O OH* data from the literature. Finally, R1 and R2 violate a long-held assumption concerning the exothermicity of such reactions, suggesting that the exothermicity criteria used to evaluate potential chemiluminescent reactions could be relaxed in future studies. Instead, a new methodology based on both the enthalpy of reaction and the entropy of reaction could be employed to identify new chemiluminescent reactions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed study of OH* chemiluminescence kinetics in the H2 NO2 system.
Interpretable Sequence Classification Via Prototype Trajectory

We propose a novel interpretable recurrent neural network (RNN) model, called ProtoryNet, in which we introduce a new concept of prototype trajectories. Motivated by the prototype theory in modern linguistics, ProtoryNet makes a prediction by finding the most similar prototype for each sentence in a text sequence and feeding an RNN backbone with the proximity of each of the sentences to the prototypes. The RNN backbone then captures the temporal pattern of the prototypes, to which we refer as prototype trajectories. The prototype trajectories enable intuitive, fine-grained interpretation of how the model reached to the final prediction, resembling the process of how humans analyze paragraphs. Experiments conducted on multiple public data sets reveal that the proposed method not only is more interpretable but also is more accurate than the current state-of-the-art prototype-based method. Furthermore, we report a survey result indicating that human users find ProtoryNet more intuitive and easier to understand, compared to the other prototype-based methods.
Rothman Responds to “Surprise!”

P values are often taken to be something they are not, a probability measure regarding the truth of the null hypothesis. P values work well if we interpret them as an index of compatibility between the data and a spectrum of parameter values, as graphed in the P value function. But the proclivity to degrade P values into dichotomous bins corresponding to statistical significance, coupled with widespread misinterpretation of what a P value measures, is reason to seek an alternative that provides clearer, more intuitive interpretations. The S-value, or surprise index, is a possible alternative. It measures the degree to which the observed data are unusual, given the null hypothesis or other test hypothesis, by translating the data into the surprise equivalent of consecutive coin flips that all come up heads. S-values may help to avoid the worst practices regarding P values-the tendency to dichotomize them into significance tests and to interpret them as probability statements about the null hypothesis. If adopting the S-value could move us away from significance testing, it is worth a try.
P89 Grocery Store Observations Using the CX3 Tool in Underserved Neighborhoods in Tampa, FL

Background Consumers’ food choices can be influenced by food availability, marketing/advertisements, and interior/exterior infrastructure of food retail stores. Furthermore, there is a lack of representation of diverse population groups in previous retail store studies, especially studies conducted in low-income, ethnic minority communities. Objective To assess food availability, quality, price, and interior/exterior marketing of healthy and unhealthy foods in neighborhood stores using systematic observations. Study Design, Setting, Participants A cross-sectional observation study. Trained research staff visited 4 food retail stores identified in low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in Tampa, Florida. Measurable Outcome/Analysis Two observers conducted an inter-observer reliability test. The store observation was rated on a 100-point scale based on the CX3 (Communities of Excellence in Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Prevention) observation form developed and validated by the California Department of Health. Food availability, quality, price, interior and exterior marketing/advertisements were measured. To meet healthy retail store standards, the total score should be equal to or greater than 75. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results The mean total score was 71.6, which did not meet the healthy retail store standard score of 75. Two stores reached over 75 points (76.5 and 77.5) and the other 2 stores received a score of 63.0 and 69.5 points. All 4 stores met the standard for providing a wide range and quality of good fruit and vegetables, but 2 stores did not meet the standard for price of fruit and vegetables based on Conclusions Although a variety of fruit and vegetables was available, the prices of fresh produce was relatively expensive. Each store had its strengths and weaknesses as a healthy food retail store. Tailored intervention strategies can be recommended for each store including healthy food marketing/advertisements within and outside of the store.
“Songs of the Craft”: Newsroom Work Poetry in Twentieth-Century American Journalism

Throughout the twentieth century, reporters and other news workers not only wrote about the news, they wrote about each other, their bosses, their daily grind in the newsroom, and journalism itself...
Rejoinder: Durable Ethnicity’s ethnic core, symbolic-consequential ethnicity and other concepts

We sincerely thank the reviewers in this symposium for their careful read of Durable Ethnicity and their thoughtful comments. Given the breadth and diversity of expertise among the reviewers – Davi...
Adverse Events Associated With Botox as Reported in a Food and Drug Administration Database

Botulinum toxin treatment is the most frequently performed noninvasive cosmetic procedure performed in the USA. Because of its widespread use, an analysis of the adverse event (AE) profile of Botox injections is needed. The FDA Adverse Event Report System was queried using an online web-based tool to determine the top 15 adverse events reported for four Botox brand names: Botox/Botox Cosmetic, Dysport, and Xeomin. The proportional reporting ratios (PRR) and relative odds ratios (ROR) were determined. A literature review was performed for eight AEs of clinical significance: eyelid/eyebrow ptosis, asthenia, muscular weakness, facial paresis, dysphagia, botulism, and death. Botox/Botox Cosmetic had 38367 AEs. Dysport had 3582 AEs. Xeomin had 1405 AEs. All drugs with reported cases of eyelid and eyebrow ptosis had significant PRR and ROR values. The PRR and ROR values for asthenia were not significant in any of the drugs and only reached significance for Dysport for muscular weakness and dysphagia. Both Botox/Botox Cosmetic and Dysport had elevated PRRs and RORs for facial paresis and botulism. While all drugs had at least one reported case of death related to Botox injection use, none of the PRR or ROR values were significant. Known AEs for Botox injection use include eyelid/brow ptosis and muscular weakness. Feared but rare complications of Botox injection use include dysphagia, botulism, and possibly death, owing to systemic spread of the toxin. This is the first study to analyze the AE data reported to the FDA on Botox injection use. III
Quantification of gastric mucosal microcirculation as a surrogate marker of portal hypertension by spatially resolved subdiffuse reflectance spectroscopy in diagnosis of cirrhosis: a proof-of-concept study.

Background and Aims Portal pressure can be used to identify patients with chronic liver disease who have progressed to cirrhosis. Portal pressure can also provide accurate prognostication for patients with cirrhosis. However, there are no practical means for assessment of portal pressure. Although it is well established that the gastric mucosal blood supply increases in patients with cirrhosis, this has been difficult to quantify reproducibly. Our group has developed a novel spectroscopic technology called spatially resolved subdiffuse reflectance spectroscopy (SRSRS), which enables quantification of mucosal microcirculation. We aim to ascertain if quantification of the gastric mucosal microcirculation with SRSRS correlates with clinical evidence of portal hypertension. Methods Patients undergoing EGD for clinical indications had 10 measurements taken in the endoscopically normal gastric fundus via SRSRS probe to assess the microcirculation. Cases were defined as patients with cirrhosis (n = 18), and controls were those without evidence of liver disease (n = 18); this was corroborated with transient elastography. Results The blood volume fraction (P = .06) and subdiffuse reflectance (P = .02) from a shallow depth in the gastric fundus were higher in patients with cirrhosis than those without. These markers were combined to yield an overall optical marker that can differentiate patients with cirrhosis from controls with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 94% (area under receiver operating curve, 0.82). Conclusions Spectroscopic quantification of gastric fundal mucosal microcirculation is a promising surrogate of clinical correlates of portal hypertension. This approach may represent a less-intrusive surrogate biomarker for liver disease prognostication and potentially response to therapy.
p-Type molecular doping by charge transfer in halide perovskite

Electronic technologies critically rely on the ability to broadly dope the active semiconductor; yet the promising class of halide perovskite semiconductors so far does not allow for significant control over carrier type (p- or n-) and density. The molecular doping approach offers important opportunities for generating free carriers through charge transfer. In this work, we demonstrate effective p-doping of MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3 films using the molecular dopant F4TCNQ as a grain boundary coating, offering a conductivity and hole density tuning range of up to five orders of magnitude, associated with a 190 meV Fermi level down-shift. While charge transfer between MAPb0.5Sn0.5I3 and F4TCNQ appears efficient, dopant ionization decreases with increasing Pb content, highlighting the need for appropriate energy offset between host and dopant molecule. Finally, we show that electrical p-doping impacts the perovskite optoelectronic properties, with a hole recombination lifetime increase of over one order of magnitude, suggesting passivation of deep traps.
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: correlation between CT imaging features and histologic subtypes

To identify correlation between CT imaging features and histologic subtypes of Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma (MPM). This was a retrospective single-center study of 51 consecutive patients with the diagnosis of Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma (MPM). The tumors were classified into pure epithelioid type and those with sarcomatoid component (pure sarcomatoid and biphasic type). Imaging features of these subtypes were compared for extent and type of peritoneal thickening, omental thickening, abdominal visceral infiltration, abdominal wall infiltration, and loco-regional and distant metastases. Fisher’s Exact test was used to correlate the association of imaging features with histology types followed by multivariate analysis using logistic regression test. 32 males and 19 females with a median age of 63 years (range 35–86 years) were included in the study. 41/51 (80%) were epithelioid histology type and 10/51 (20%) had sarcomatoid component (3 pure sarcomatoid type, 7 biphasic type). Abdominal visceral infiltration was seen more commonly in cases of MPM with sarcomatoid component (p = 0.001). Sarcomatoid type also had a frequent association with metastases (p = 0.001) and discrete masses (p = 0.01). Epithelioid type was commonly associated with ascites (p = 0.04). On multivariate analysis, most significant correlation was identified between the sarcomatoid type and imaging features of metastases (p = 0.001) and visceral infiltration (p = 0.019). Sarcomatoid type of MPM showed significant correlation with more aggressive imaging features of metastases and visceral infiltration as compared to epithelioid type.
Threat and/in Inoculation Theory

For years, scholars of the inoculation theory of resistance to influence have considered threat to be a major part of the resistance process—the motivational force that triggers such responses as counterarguing against future challenges to a position. More recently, scholars have begun to question the conventional explanation for the importance and/or role of threat in inoculation, (re)considering its importance, its conceptualization, and in some cases, its very existence in the process of attitudinal/belief inoculation. This theoretical article synthesizes some of the key arguments advanced about threat in inoculation theory and traces its development from the earliest iterations of the theory to its contemporary development and application. It proposes five avenues for future investigations of threat and/in inoculation theory in the continuing study of persuasion.
Fifty years of water research: has it made a difference?

Research is essential in today’s connected world to meet societal needs, such as vaccines to fight the coronavirus, but the effectiveness of water resources research is still debated after more tha...
Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography: A New Technique for Spectroscopic Medical Imaging

Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography (NSECT) is being developed as a new medical-imaging technique to quantify spatial distributions of elements in a sample through inelastic scattering of fast neutrons and detection of the resulting gamma rays. It has the potential to diagnose several disorders in the human body that are characterized by changes in element concentration in the diseased tissue. NSECT is sensitive to several naturally occurring elements in the human body that demonstrate concentration changes in the presence of diseases. NSECT, therefore, has the potential to noninvasively diagnose such disorders with radiation dose that is comparable to other ionizing imaging modalities. This chapter discusses the development and progress of NSECT and presents an overview of the current status of the imaging technique.
Whole Wheat-supplemented Diet Prevents Risk Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases in Obese Diabetic Mice

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death around the world. Our objective was to investigate if whole wheat consumption can delay or prevent the onset of CVD. Obese diabetic (db...
Gender Differences in Academic Promotion and Mobility at a Major Australian University

This paper analyses gender differences in faculty promotion and mobility at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) using personnel records for 1999-2010. It finds female lecturers less likely than men to be promoted or to leave UNSW and female associate professors more likely to be promoted. These results are consistent with a flipping statistical discrimination model. Leave-taking did not account for gender differences. Instead, taking maternity leave indicates higher likelihood of staying at UNSW and being promoted. The paper finds that gender differences narrowed over time but not always as predicted by gender-related policy changes.
Introduction: What Makes a Field a Field

The article considers whether the field of "Sports Law" is a separate legal field or merely a subfield of other established legal fields (e.g., criminal law, contracts, etc.) In so doing, it considers causes us to consider a legal area of inquiry "a field." It begins with offering an historical overview of the development of "Sports Law" and considers whether the course of study is properly described as “Sports Law” or “Sports and the Law?” It provides reasons in support of embracing the study of sports law in the law school curriculum and suggests in a final section that Sports Law is emerging as a distinct field of its own.
Privatization: An Unheralded Trend in Public Higher Education

Privatization refers to the changing funding base for public higher education. Beginning in the late 1970s, state governments slowly but steadily decreased the level of support for higher education. As the state support declined, student tuition rose, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of the support for the Education and General budgets of public colleges and universities. At the same time, the rationale for higher education changed, from viewing it as a public benefit—with the major share of the cost borne by the public—to describing it as a private benefit—with the students paying the major share of the cost. A public policy issue of this magnitude requires the involvement of the public in an informed discussion before change occurs.
Transition Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of Polyolefins Containing CC, CC, and CH Bonds

Abstract Due to good processability and low production cost, polyolefins are the most widely used synthetic polymers in the world. Since polyolefins are primarily composed of nonpolar C C, C C, and C H bonds, the lack of polar groups in the polymer chains unfortunately causes poor interactions with other polymers and this disadvantage has restricted broader applications of polyolefins so far. Chemical modification of polyolefins via selective and controlled functionalization can offer attractive approach for incorporation of polar functionality to the inherently nonpolar materials and changing specific properties. However, traditional polyolefin functionalization via free radical- and carbocation-mediated reactions frequently causes chain degradation and cross-linking (e.g., gel formation), thus affecting molecular weights and mechanical properties of the resulting polymers. During recent decades, we have witnessed tremendous advances in transition metal-catalyzed organic reactions which can be potentially explored for controlled functionalization of polyolefins under mild conditions. Some of these catalytic polymer modification processes have already demonstrated great potential for synthesis of novel functional polymers using easily available low-cost polymers as a starting material. In this review article, we will summarize recent progress of polyolefin functionalization catalyzed by transition metal complexes.
Identification of cancer mechanisms through computational systems modeling

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer death. It has been studied extensively for a long time, and numerous genetic and epigenetic events have been associated with the disease. However, its molecular mechanisms are still unclear. High-throughput metabolomics data, combined with customized computational systems modeling, can assist our understanding of some of these mechanisms by revealing connections between alterations in enzymatic activities and their consequences for a person’s metabolic profile. Of particular importance in this context is purine metabolism, as it provides the nucleotides needed for cell proliferation. Methods and findings: We employ a computational systems approach to infer molecular mechanisms associated with purine metabolism in colorectal carcinoma. The approach uses a dynamic model of purine metabolism as the simulation system and metabolomics data as input. The execution of large-scale Monte Carlo simulations and optimization with the model permits a step-wise reduction in possibly affected enzyme mechanisms, from which likely targets emerge. Conclusions: According to our results, some enzymes in the purine pathway system are very unlikely the targets of colorectal carcinoma. In fact, only three enzymatic steps emerge with statistical confidence as most likely being affected, namely: amidophosphoribosyltransferase (ATASE), 5'-nucleotidase (5NUC), and the xanthine oxidase/dehydrogenase (XD) reactions. The first of these enzymes catalyzes the first committed step of de novo purine biosynthesis, while the other two enzymes are associated with critical purine salvage pathways. The identification of these enzymes is statistically significant and robust. In addition, the results suggest potential secondary targets. The computational method cannot discern whether the inferred mechanisms constitute symptoms of colorectal carcinoma, or whether they might be causative and critical components of the uncontrolled cellular growth in cancer. The inferred molecular mechanisms present testable hypotheses that suggest targeted experiments for future studies of colorectal carcinoma and might eventually lead to improved diagnosis and treatment.
Design of most-significant-bit-first serial multiplier

The design of a two's complement most-significant-bit-first add and shift serial multiplier is presented. In this multiplier, one of the multiplicands is represented in full length, whereas the second multiplicand is presented in a bit-serial fashion with the most significant bit (MSB) first.
Sensory Processing In Premature Infants With The Test Of Sensory Function In Infants (TSFI) † 978

Sensory Processing In Premature Infants With The Test Of Sensory Function In Infants (TSFI) † 978
Resting state functional connectivity within the cingulate cortex jointly predicts agreeableness and stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity.

Abstract Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Further, individual differences in stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity covary with the functionality of corticolimbic brain systems, particularly areas of the cingulate cortex. What remains unclear, however, is how individual differences in personality traits interact with cingulate functionality in the prediction of stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactivity. Accordingly, we tested the associations between (i) a particular personality trait, Agreeableness, which is associated with emotional reactions to conflict, (ii) resting state functional connectivity within the cingulate cortex, and (iii) stressor-evoked blood pressure (BP) reactivity. Participants (N = 39, 19 men, aged 20–37 years) completed a resting functional connectivity MRI protocol, followed by two standardized stressor tasks that engaged conflict processing and evoked BP reactivity. Agreeableness covaried positively with BP reactivity across individuals. Moreover, connectivity analyses demonstrated that a more positive functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate (BA31) and the perigenual anterior cingulate (BA32) covaried positively with Agreeableness and with BP reactivity. Finally, statistical mediation analyses demonstrated that BA31–BA32 connectivity mediated the covariation between Agreeableness and BP reactivity. Functional connectivity within the cingulate appears to link Agreeableness and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, stressor-evoked BP reactivity.
An Analysis of the Value of the FE Examination for the Assessment of Student Learning in Engineering and Science Topics

This paper presents the results of a project, which investigated the potential of fully using previously unreleased data from the nationally normed Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) examination to assess learning in key engineering and science topics. In the past, very limited information was released by the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES) for the eight hour FE examination, which is composed of 150–200 questions in ten morning and five afternoon topics. For the purposes of this project the NCEES agreed to release information to the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) to permit the value of the FE data in describing UMR student learning in key engineering and science topics to be assessed. The analysis of the FE data was undertaken in the period 1993–1996 for students in twelve engineering disciplines at UMR. The overall conclusion of the project is that the enhanced level of data released from the FE by NCEES is of value to individual programs, schools and institutions in assessing student learning and in identifying areas of concern. However, the overall value of this information is compromised by variable student motivation and the confidentiality of the questions used in the exam. Other conclusions are that UMR student scores are below faculty expectations, that the FE exam is not equally applicable to all engineering disciplines, and that the academic level of the exam may be lower than faculty thought.
CORR Insights ® : Restoration of the Hip Center During THA Performed for Protrusio Acetabuli Is Associated With Better Implant Survival

This CORR Insights®is a commentary on the article “Restoration of the Hip Center During THA Performed for Protrusio Acetabuli Is Associated With Better Implant Survival” by Baghdadi and colleagues available at: DOI:10.1007/s11999-013-3072-x. The author certifies that he, or a member of his immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers, and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®. This CORR Insights® comment refers to the article available at DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-3072-x.
Human-based spatial relationship generalization through neural/fuzzy approaches

Abstract Spatial relationships exhibited among regions in an image play an important role in the interpretation of a scene. While humans have an innate ability to recognize spatial relations, it has been difficult to produce algorithms to model these relationships. There have been several attempts to define spatial relationships between objects in a digital image, most recently, with the use of fuzzy set theory. Unfortunately, no method can work effectively in all cases. In this paper, we introduce neural network structures combined with the Choquet fuzzy integration to generalize spatial relationship membership functions. To match the spatial relationship membership value with human intuition, we tested people's perceptions of spatial relations and applied the human test results as the desired outputs of neural networks. Finally, some experimental results on synthetic and real images are shown.
Beta-blocker therapy for the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Two types of arrhythmias are associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: those in which the accessory pathway is a required part of the reentrant circuit, e.g., orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia, and those that conduct over the accessory pathway but do not require its activation for maintenance of tachycardia, e.g., atrial flutter/fibrillation. Increased sympathetic tone shortens the refractoriness of atrial and ventricular tissue; however, conduction in the atrium and ventricle is not considered the limiting factor for maintenance of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia or conduction over the accessory pathway in atrial arrhythmias. Intravenous beta-adrenergic blockers given to patients in the resting state have a minimal to moderate effect in depressing atrioventricular nodal conduction, but have little or no effect on accessory pathway refractoriness or conduction in most patients. In patients presenting with atrioventricular reentry, intravenous administration of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs often is not effective to terminate tachycardia. However, long-term oral therapy with these agents may be beneficial, especially in patients in whom enhanced sympathetic tone is responsible for the initiation or maintenance of tachycardia.
A local criterion for the Saito-Kurokawa lifting of cuspforms with characters

Let $f$ be a holomorphic degree-2 Siegel cuspform of weight $\kappa$, level $N$, and nebentype a primitive Dirichlet character $\chi$. Let $f$ be an eigenfunction of the regular Hecke operators $T_p,T_{p^2}$ at primes $p\nmid N$ and an eigenfunction of the Frobenius operators $\Pi_p$ and their duals $\Pi^*_p$ at primes $p|N$. For certain $\chi$, we give conditions on the Satake parameters of $f$ which imply that $f$ is lifted from an elliptic cuspform $\phi$ of weight $2\kappa-2$, level $N$, and nebentype $\chi^2$. We also show that for such $f$ and $\phi$, the eigenvalues of the Frobenius operators on $f$ are eigenvalues of Hecke operators on $\phi$.
Clutter rejection via the wavelet transform for improved target detection using the projection-slice synthetic discriminant function filters

The projection slice filter is modified to include a noise cancellation algorithm for applications to real data with cluttered noise. The wavelet transform has been utilized in the color noise estimation process. The results of the application of these new techniques to the processing of real data with significant clutter components is reported. The techniques used here are part of an ongoing effort to improve the performance of correlation-based systems for fast recognition scenarios.
Life maintenance and mineralocorticoid activity of some new derivatives of cortisone, hydrocortisone and DOC.

NEW compounds representing interesting modifications of the structure of cortisone, hydrocortisone and desoyxcorticosterone have appeared within recent years. Some of these compounds exhibit physiological properties and potencies which are lacking in the parent steroids. Thus halogenation at the 9 alpha position of hydrocortisone markedly enhances both gluco- and mineralocorticoid activity of this steroid (1). Dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone at positions C-l and C-2 definitely exaggerates the glucocorticoid function, but the sodium retaining activity, as shown by tests on rats (2, 3), and clinical studies on patients (4, 5, 6, 7), appears to be considerably diminished. When, however, chemical modifications such as halogenation at the 9 alpha position and dehydrogenation at C-l and C-2 are both present in the same molecule, the biological activity of the cortisones is greatly altered with respect to both gluco- and mineralocorticoid activity (8, 9). The present investigation is concerned with the effect ...
METABOLISM DURING EMBRYONIC AND METAMORPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF INSECTS.

1. For species of insects that deposit their eggs on foliage, as Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Crioceris asparagi, and Anasa tristis, the rates of metabolism as measured by the CO2 output or the oxygen intake indicate, during embryonic development, a short formative period, followed by a very active extended growth. Those species that deposit their eggs in the soil, as Cotinis nitida and Popillia japonica, show that the formative period is greatly extended and the growth period similarly lengthened. 2. It has been shown from metabolism experiments that intensive histolysis occurs during the prepupal period and becomes less intensive during pupal development. 3. Metabolism experiments show a greater amount of energy change during embryonic development as compared to the energy developed during metamorphosis. This is shown by the greater CO2 output and by the oxygen intake. 4. Low respiratory quotients, varying from 0.42 to 0.71, have been obtained during the embryonic and pupal development of insects, resembling similar low quotients obtained with hibernating forms. 5. Changes from a neutral to an acid reaction (pH 6.8 to 5.9) have been observed to take place in some species during prepupal and early pupal development. As metamorphosis is completed a converse change occurs (pH 5.9 to 6.8). Changes in pH from an acid to neutral reaction were also observed to take place in some species, as Cotinis nitida and Hylemyia cilicrura, during embryonic development.
New highly charged fullerene ions: Production and fragmentation by slow ion impact

Fullerene ions, ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}^{\mathit{q}+}$, with q up to 9, have been observed in a study of their production by slow (v0.5 au) impact of the projectiles $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}^{4,5,8,12,16,17+}$, $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}^{27+}$, $^{86}\mathrm{Kr}^{28+}$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}^{20,38,44,46+}$, and $^{238}\mathrm{U}^{46+}$ on a neutral fullerene beam. The distribution of ion yields for each projectile is representable by a binomial form; variation of the biniomial fit parameters with projectile charge suggests the maximum positive charge for the fullerene ion. Correlations between the time of flight of first and second ions are shown to provide details of the fragmentation of fullerenes in close collisions. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
On strategic cost increases in a duopoly

Abstract This study determines whether duopolists can profit from imposed cost increases, even if both firms are affected equally. Implicit in any analysis of strategic behavior is the assumption that firms are sufficiently sophisticated to anticipate the new industry equilibrium. Requiring each duopolist to have consistent conjectures abouts its rival's behavior, we show that if the firms' marginal cost curves are sufficiently flat, increasing the slopes of these curves can raise profits. The steeper marginal cost curves encourage ‘regulatory coordination’, that is, the rivals move closer to the joint-profit-maximizing outcome.
Ethnomethodology's Unofficial Journal

Human Studies is ajournai of philosophy and the social sciences, and it has been adopted as the official journal of the Society for Phenomenology and the Human Sciences (SPHS). It also serves as ethnomethodology's unofficial journal. Ethnomethodology is affiliated with no single professional society or academic journal, but Human Studies has been the most consistent outlet for ethnomethodological articles and special issues. As ethnomethodology's unofficial journal, Human Studies has enabled neo? phytes as well more prominent scholars to have an outlet for ethnometh? odological research, and it has also published several special theme issues on ethnomethodology in general (Coulter, 1980; Psathas, 1995), and specific topics such as interaction and language use (Button et al., 1986), representa? tion in scientific practice (Lynch and Woolgar, 1988), and ethnomethodology and conversation analysis in Japan (Psathas and Nasu, 1999). Because of its explicit attention to the philosophy of social science, Human Studies has given visibility to a style of ethnomethodological research characterized by a radi? cal treatment of foundational "philosophical" issues and debates. Consistent with the stated aims of Human Studies, ethnomethodology advances "the dia? logue between philosophy and the human sciences." Ethnomethodology is not a philosophy of social science, but is, rather, an empirical research program that investigates recurrent topics that have had long-standing interest in philosophy and social theory. These topics include action, argument, meaning, knowledge, perception, description, objectivity, and rationality, among many others. This empirical research program takes lessons from critiques by Peter Winch and other philosophers who criticize empiricist social science programs that turn ordinary linguistic concepts into "variables" and "factors" (Winch, 1958). In this brief essay, I hope to clarify what is distinctive about a "philosophical" style of ethnomethodology that owes a great deal to Human Studies, and specifically to founding editor George Psathas, whose combined interests in phenomenological sociology and ethno? methodology have left an indelible mark on the journal's quarter-century. I shall start with the familiar question: What is ethnomethodology? All too frequently, those of us who speak of (and for) ethnomethodology are asked to define the word, and it is tempting to challenge the recurrent call for d?fini
New Developments in Gammarus chevreuxi , Sexton

IN the course of some experiments on eye-colour in the amphipod, Gammarus chevreuxi, a number of mated pairs were brought in to the Laboratory from the Chelson Meadow salt-marsh between February 20 and March 13, 1933. Half the specimens were placed in an incubator, kept at an approximately constant temperature of 21° C. and half were put in an unheated room.
Nucleic and Free Amino Acid Response in Avian Tissues During Tuberculosis Infection

Abstract INTRODUCTION SOLOTOROVSKY et al. (1949) pointed out that M. tuberculosis, avian strain, was an excellent disease model for the study of biochemical and nutritional interactions. Later studies by these workers on the effect of dietary vitamin A and fat on avian tuberculosis demonstrated that chicks survived longer when fed diets with lower fat content or adequate vitamin A (Solotorovsky et al., 1961) and protein (Squibb et al., 1965). Deficient or surfeit quantities of these dietary essentials not only increased mortality but also the degree of involvement as determined from an index based on histopathologic studies (Squibb et al., 1965; Siegel et al., 1968). Squibb et al. (1965) later evaluated protein metabolism in the livers of chicks infected with the same avian TB strain by observing tissue changes in protein, DNA, RNA and 7 free amino acids. At 4 weeks post inoculation the infection caused an acceleration of protein metabolism which . . .