cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem Development of a Sandbar Emergent Tidal Marsh, Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia, USA

Vegetation structure and soil properties were measured on a sandbar, a three year old sandbar emergent marsh (SEM), and five mature Spartina alterniflora Loisel marshes located near the mouth of the Altamaha River (Georgia, USA) to determine how quickly tidal marsh vegetation and soils develop during primary succession. Those data were compared to published data collected from young (10-16 yr old) natural marshes in Virginia and young (1-28 yr old) constructed marshes in North Carolina to determine if the rate of ecosystem development is similar among tidal marshes of the southeastern US coast. Within three years of emergence, aboveground biomass of SEM was comparable to mature marshes in the area, although stem height and density were distinctly different as the SEM contained more stems that were of shorter height than mature marshes. Following colonization by vegetation, soil properties (0-30 cm) of SEM had begun to differentiate from sediments of the sandbar. Surface (0-10 cm) and subsurface (10-30 cm) soil bulk density was less, and organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and percent silt (0-10 cm) were greater in sediments of SEM than in the sandbar. Even so, soils of SEM contained less organic C, N, silt, and clay than mature marshes. However, accumulation rates of organic C (260 6 40 g m 22 yr 21 )a nd N( 116 3gm 22 yr 21 ) in soils of SEM was 5 to 7 times greater than in mature marshes (35 6 4gCm 22 yr 21 ,2 6 0.2 g N m 22 yr 21 ). Trajectories of development for soil organic C and N pools were similar for our SEM, young natural S. alterniflora marshes in Virginia, and young constructed S. alterniflora marshes in North Carolina suggesting that soil development proceeds at similar rates for tidal marshes along much of the southeast US coast.
Pregnancy as a Result of Rape

AbstractDespite the fact that rape literature has flourished since 1975, most sources contain little or no reference to the issue of rape resulting in the victim's pregnancy. This work addresses several facets of the problem of pregnancy from rape. Literature citations of statistical frequency and medical theories regarding the physiology of the process, particularly coitus-induced ovulation theories, are presented. Implications for health care and social service professionals are examined, with an emphasis on how reporting practices affect intervention protocols. Finally, political trends are discussed, especially changes in the frequency with which pregnancy from rape has been documented since legislative policies restricted Medicaid funding for abortion.
A Simple Molecular Dynamics Lab To Calculate Viscosity as a Function of Temperature

A simple molecular dynamics experiment is described to demonstrate transport properties for the undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory. The AMBER package is used to monitor self-diffusion in n-hexane. Scripts (available in the Supporting Information) make the process considerably easier for students, allowing them to focus on the simulations and their meaning. Mean-squared displacements are determined as a function of simulation time for 250 ps in a small simulation box at a variety of temperatures. From these, the Einstein–Smoluchowski and Stokes–Einstein relationships are used to determine the viscosity, which can be directly compared to literature values. The needed trajectories can be calculated in less than 1 h and analyzed in a second hour, leaving a third hour for further explorations as appropriate.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profiles in Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Cancer: The Kaiser Permanente AYA Cancer Survivors Study

PurposeTo describe the epidemiology and risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer.MethodsWe identified a retrospective cohort of 2-year survivors of AYA cancer who were diagnosed between the ages of 15 to 39 years (1998 to 2009) at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. A comparison group without cancer was selected and matched 10:1 to cancer survivors on the basis of age, sex, Kaiser Permanente Southern California membership, and calendar year. Patients were followed through December 31, 2012, for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and stroke. Time-dependent Poisson regression was used to evaluate the effect that cancer survivorship had on the risk of developing CVD, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs; ie, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), ethnicity, smoking, and overweight/obesity. Among cancer survivors, mortality risk by CVD status was examined using Cox regression.ResultsA total of 5,673 2-year survivors of AYA can...
Abstract 2966: Role of the Cerebral Vascular Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in Neuroprotection Induced by Combination Therapy of VELCADE and TPA

Background and Purpose: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their family members including IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) mediate ischemic cell damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) including miR-146a regulate TLRs. The present study investigated whether treatment of stroke in older animals with VELCADE in combination with tPA affects expression of TLRs and miR-146a in cerebral endothelial cells. Methods: Wistar rats at the age of 16-18 months were subjected to right embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). VELCADE (0.1mg/kg) and tPA (5mg/kg) were intravenously administered 2h after MCAo (n=16). Ischemic rats treated with tPA alone (n=14) or saline (n=15) were used as control groups. Levels of TLRs and miR-146a in cerebral endothelial cells were measured. Cultured primary cerebral endothelial cells (PCECs) were used for investigating the direct effect of VELCADE on expression of miR-146a. Results: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that VELCADE in combination with tPA significantly increased miR-l46a levels (11±3 fold) in the cerebral endothelial cells isolated by laser capture microdissection compared with that in ischemic rats treated with tPA monotherapy (2±1). Concurrently, immunostaining showed that the combination therapy suppressed tPA monotherapy-upregulated TLR2 (44±7 vs 93±8/mm 2 in tPA), TLR4 (39±6vs 91±8), IRAK1 (16±3 vs 46±5), fibrin (17±6 vs 40±3), and NF-kB (9±2 vs 22±3) immunoreactive vessels, leading to reduction of infarct volume (14±2 vs 28±3% in tPA, and 30±3% in saline, p Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that fibrin activates endothelial TLRs and that VELCADE-upregulated miR-146a abolishes tPA-induced TLRs, suggesting that miRNAs and the TLR signaling pathway in cerebral endothelial cells play an important role in the neuroprotective effect of the combination therapy of VELCADE and tPA for acute stroke.
Dynamically stable optical solitons

The existence of a dynamically stable solition in optical fibers is established by virtue of the multiple scale perturbation technique applied in a new way to the perturbed Nonlinear Schrodinger's equation. We show that, by introducing a proper definition of the phase of the solition, one can obtain the corrections to the pulse where the standard soltion perturbation approach fails.
Agenda-Tapping: Conceptualizing the Relationship Between News Coverage, Fundraising, and the First Amendment

Agenda setting represents a promising framework for understanding charitable donation and special interest political contribution behavior. This article reports the results of a study investigating the link between the agenda-setting function of the press, nonprofit donations, and special interest political contributions. Using financial information from two nonprofit organizations associated with the issue of gun control/gun rights, this study found media mentions of gun control to be strong and significant predictors of donations to a gun control-oriented nonprofit and nonprofit contributions to political campaigns.
For What Are Whites to Hope

Before directly addressing the titular question, this chapter examines how conceptions of hope often lead us astray, reaffirming rather than challenging the status quo. In analytic philosophy, hope is often understood as a desire that is not entirely justified with reasons. In critical theory, hope has recently been looked upon suspiciously, as an affect the circulation of which is intensified by neoliberal economics. In mid-twentieth-century German theology and theory, hope is viewed as entirely other-worldly. In liberation theology, the object of hope is identification with the poor. This article argues that each of these views produces antinomies, and each of these views ends up perpetuating the status quo: in a racial context, white supremacy. After exploring the antinomies of hope, the article urges that whites are to embrace these antinomies. They are to hope for despair.
FPTAS for Minimizing the Earth Mover’s Distance Under Rigid Transformations and Related Problems

In this paper, we consider the problem (denoted as EMDRT) of minimizing the earth mover’s distance between two sets of weighted points A and B in $${\mathbb {R}}^{d}$$ under rigid transformation. EMDRT is an important problem in both theory and applications and has received considerable attentions in recent years. Previous research on this problem has resulted in only constant factor approximations and it has been an open problem for a long time to achieve PTAS solution. In this paper, we present the first FPTAS algorithm for EMDRT. Our algorithm runs roughly in $$O((nm)^{d+2}(\log nm)^{2d})$$ time (which is close to a lower bound on any PTAS for this problem), where n and m are the sizes of A and B, respectively. Our result is based on several new techniques, such as the Sequential Orthogonal Decomposition and Optimum Guided Base, and can be extended to several related problems, such as the problem of earth mover’s distance under similarity transformation and the alignment problem, to achieve FPTAS for each of them.
High frequency of dysphoric reactions to tetrahydrocannabinol among depressed patients.

This study reports a high incidence of dysphoric reactions to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administered under double-blind conditions to a well-defined homogeneous population of hospitalized patie...
Development and weatherability of bio-based composites of structural quality using flax fiber and epoxidized sucrose soyate

Abstract Composites having high bio-based content with properties and costs rivaling those consisting of synthetic constituents are a goal of much current research. The obvious material choices — vegetable oil based resins and natural fibers — present the challenges of poor resin properties and weak fiber/matrix bonding, respectively. Conventional methods of overcoming poor resin quality involve the incorporation of additives, which dilute the resulting composite's bio-content and increases cost. To overcome these limitations while maintaining high bio-content, in this study, a newly developed biobased resin, epoxidized sucrose soyate (ESS), is combined with surface-treated flax fiber to produce novel bio-composites. Properties of manufactured composites were compared against those using epoxy resin reinforced with flax fiber. In addition to mechanical property evaluation, accelerated weathering was performed on the manufactured composites to evaluate the mechanical properties after exposing to UV and moisture. The results of this study revealed the successful production of bio-composites having properties that meet or exceed those of conventional pultruded members while having 85% bio-content. Moreover, composites using treated flax fiber and ESS resin showed less degradation in properties and appearance after accelerated weathering exposure.
TCT-595 Randomized Comparison Of The New ALPHA And The EXCEL Stents: Outcomes And Significance Of Biodegradable Polymers In Preventing Stent Thrombosis

Stent thrombosis (ST) is an undesirable consequence of intracoronary stents, commonly presenting as myocardial infarction and at times death. Efforts to reduce the occurrence of ST have included the use of biodegradable polymers. Whether this modification of stent design reduces ST is unclear The
Current Trends in Foodborne Salmonellosis in the United States and Canada.

In the United States, Salmonella has been isolated from over 31,000 persons during 1979; this figure is more than 60% higher than isolations made 18 years earlier. In Canada, the change from about 5,000 isolations from humans in 1977 to more than 8,000 in 1979 is also approximately a 60% increase, but over an interval of only 3 years. In the U.S. during 1973 - 1978, salmonellosis accounted for 40% of reported cases of foodborne disease and 23% of reported outbreaks of foodborne disease. In Canada during 1973-1975, it accounted for 39% of all reported cases of foodborne disease and 25% of reported outbreaks of foodborne disease. Foods most frequently reported as vehicles of salmonellosis in the U.S. were beef, turkey, homemade ice cream (containing eggs), pork and chicken. Turkey was the most frequently reported vehicle in Canada. Factors usually contributing to these outbreaks (in order of importance) are improper cooling, lapse of a day or more between preparation and serving, inadequate cooking or heat processing, ingestion of contaminated raw ingredients, and cross-contamination. Changes in the relative frequency of isolations of particular serovars sometimes indicate spread of foodborne Salmonella by a particular food or the effectiveness of a control measure. Factors that perpetuate the Salmonella problem are Salmonella -contaminated rendered animal byproducts and contaminated feed, concentrating animals in feed lots and brooding houses, spreading Salmonella during animal slaughtering and processing foods of animal origin, national and international distribution of food and feeds, food preparation and storage practices in foodservice establishments and homes and environmental contamination from animal wastes and other sources.
Factors Associated With Condom Use Among Sexually Active US Adults, National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010 and 2011–2013

Abstract Background Condom-less sex can increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV. Aim To characterize the prevalence of condom use at the most recent sex act and identify factors associated with use of a condom at the most recent sex act in adults in the United States. Methods Data from the cross-sectional National Survey of Family Growth from cycles 2006 through 2010 and 2011 through 2013 were analyzed for sexually active men and women 18 to 44 years old who reported having sex (vaginal, anal, or oral) with an opposite-sex partner in the past 12 months. HIV-related sexual risk behaviors (SRBs) in the past 12 months included sex with at least four opposite-sex partners; exchanging sex for money or drugs; sex with an injection drug user; sex with an HIV-positive person; sex with a man who previously had sex with a man (women only); sex with a man (men only); or sex with a partner who had sex with other partners. Outcomes The outcome for this analysis was condom use at the most recent anal or vaginal sex act. Results Overall prevalence of condom use was 24.8%; only 33.8% of adults with at least one SRB reported the use of a condom. Only 46.4% of unmarried or single men (vs 14.7% married or cohabitating men) and 32.3% unmarried or single women (vs 14.1% married or cohabitating women) with SRBs reported using a condom at the most recent sexual encounter and were less likely to use a condom at the most recent sexual encounter compared with those who did not report SRBs. We did not find a significant relation between using a condom and SRBs in married or cohabitating men and women. Strengths and Limitations Our analysis adds to the literature on how condom use varies by marital status. We measured the use of condoms at the most recent sexual act, which might not reflect an individual's previous behavior of condom use. Nonetheless, condom use at the most recent sexual act has been documented in previous studies as a valid proxy of condom use over time. Conclusion Continued efforts are needed to promote condom use in heterosexual adults in the United States, particularly those at high risk for HIV, namely individuals engaging in anal sexual acts and with multiple sex partners. Nasrullah M, Oraka E, Chavez PR, et al. Factors Associated With Condom Use Among Sexually Active US Adults, National Survey of Family Growth, 2006–2010 and 2011–2013. J Sex Med 2017;14:541–550.
Modernization, Moderation, and Political Minorities: A Response to Professor Strauss

The Supreme Court is frequently accused of declaring laws unconstitutional based on little more than the justices' ideological preferences. In "The Modernizing Mission of Judicial Review", 76 U. Chi. L. Rev. (forthcoming 2009), Professor Strauss argues that the Supreme Court's decisions in these areas are efforts to "modernize" the law by facilitating and accommodating developments in popular opinion, rather than actions that merely entrench the justices' ideological viewpoints or personal whims. No one can deny that the justices' beliefs regarding future popular opinion are factors in the Court's decisionmaking. Justices care about their legacies and future reputations; they would prefer to be remembered as a prescient jurist, such as the first Justice Harlan, rather than as Roger Taney. And these forward-looking influences have undoubtedly produced some Supreme Court decisions that fit within the modernizing paradigm that Professor Strauss describes. But it is hard to accept Professor Strauss's descriptive claim that modernization is the Court's "dominant" or "central" approach in its capital-punishment and modern substantive-due-process jurisprudence. His analysis overstates the Supreme Court's willingness and ability to accommodate future public opinion at the expense of judicial preferences; the Supreme Court simply has not displayed the level of modesty, or the respect for popular opinion, that Professor Strauss seeks to attribute to it. Nor can the modernization framework reconcile the Court's capital-punishment and substantive-due-process cases with principles of democratic government. On the normative side, there are reasons to object to modernization as a theory of judicial review in addition to those that Professor Strauss identifies.
Maimonides the Rationalist

This reconsideration of Maimonides' efforts to argue for the rationalist, fundamental harmony of philosophy and the rabbinic worldview settles many important issues in the study of his work.
Implementing Collaboration Technologies in Industry - Case Examples and Lessons Learned.

The book, of operative nature, identifies a taxonomy of factors that affect implementation of collaborative technology and provides a series of practical advices for successfully realising such implementation. Collaborative technology is intended in a broad sense, that is as all the types of information and collaboration technologies that have a potential to support collaboration and the corresponding infrastructure technologies. Attention is mainly focused on the adoption problems due to the attitude and feel of users and to the organisational context.
Incorporating diversity and density in active learning for relevance feedback

Relevance feedback, which uses the terms in relevant documents to enrich the user's initial query, is an effective method for improving retrieval performance. An associated key research problem is the following: Which documents to present to the user so that the user's feedback on the documents can significantly impact relevance feedback performance. This paper views this as an active learning problem and proposes a new algorithm which can efficiently maximize the learning benefits of relevance feedback. This algorithm chooses a set of feedback documents based on relevancy, document diversity and document density. Experimental results show a statistically significant and appreciable improvement in the performance of our new approach over the existing active feedback methods.
The linearization of the quadratic resistance term in the equations of motion for a pure harmonic tide in a canal and the identification of the Chézy parameter C

In the hydrodynamic equations, which govern wave propagation in a shallow water basin, the friction term plays a very important role [10]. In the applications, however, the coefficient of this term is often unknown. In this paper an identification method is described for the 1-dimensional case.
Neostriatal muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in the generation of tremulous jaw movements in rodents implications for cholinergic involvement in parkinsonism.

Several studies have shown that a number of pharmacological and neurochemical conditions in rats can induce jaw movements that are described as “vacuous” or “tremulous”. For several years, there has been some debate about the clinical significance of various drug-induced oral motor syndromes. Nevertheless, considerable evidence now indicates that the non-directed, chewing-like movements induced by cholinomimetics have many of the characteristics of parkinsonian tremor. These movements are characterized largely by vertical deflections of the jaw, which occur in the same 3‐7 Hz peak frequency that is typical of parkinsonian tremor. Cholinomimetic-induced tremulous jaw movements are suppressed by a number of different antiparkinsonian drugs, including scopolamine, benztropine, L-DOPA, apomorphine, bromocriptine, ropinirole, pergolide, amantadine, diphenhydramine and clozapine. A combination of anatomical and pharmacological research in rats has implicated M 4 receptors in the ventrolateral neostriatum in the generation of tremulous jaw movements. Mice also show cholinomimetic-induced jaw movements, and M 4 receptor knockout mice demonstrate subtantially reduced levels of jaw movement activity, as well as increased locomotion. Taken together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that a centrally-acting M4 antagonist may be useful as a treatment for parkinsonian symptoms, including tremor. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Junction growth in ultrasonic spot welding and ultrasonic additive manufacturing

Abstract The processes of ultrasonic spot welding and ultrasonic additive manufacturing are modelled by approximating the weld interface as rough metallic surfaces in sliding contact. It is assumed that bonding is due to athermal plastic deformation of surface asperities and the associated growth of metallic junctions along the weld interface. To link the process variables and the extent of junction growth, an expression for the real contact area at the weld interface is combined with process-specific frictional heating models developed here. The resulting framework is validated by comparing its predictions of the weld strength with data from the ultrasonic welding literature. The close agreement between the framework's predictions and the experimental data demonstrates that the surface asperities soften due to frictional heating, while acoustic softening effects are insignificant. The junction growth model is used to identify parameter sets for ultrasonic spot welding and ultrasonic additive manufacturing that maximize the weld strength while simultaneously minimizing the thermal excursion at the weld interface. It is found that in ultrasonic spot welding, certain processing conditions can cause interfacial melting, although melting is not required to form strong bonds. It is also shown that in ultrasonic additive manufacturing, the deposition rate is highest when the positions of the peak temperature and complete interfacial bonding coincide underneath the sonotrode. If the position of complete interfacial bonding leads the position of the peak temperature, there is excessive heating of the build, and the sonotrode velocity can be increased without degrading bond quality.
29Si NMR Chemical Shifts in Crystalline and Amorphous Silicon Nitrides

We investigate 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts, δiso, of silicon nitride. Our goal is to relate the local structure to the NMR signal and, thus, provide the means to extract more information from the experimental 29Si NMR spectra in this family of compounds. We apply structural modeling and the gauge-included projector augmented wave (GIPAW) method within density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our models comprise known and hypothetical crystalline Si3N4, as well as amorphous Si3N4 structures. We find good agreement with available experimental 29Si NMR data for tetrahedral Si[4] and octahedral Si[6] in crystalline Si3N4, predict the chemical shift of a trigonal-bipyramidal Si[5] to be about −120 ppm, and quantify the impact of Si-N bond lengths on 29Si δiso. We show through computations that experimental 29Si NMR data indicates that silicon dicarbodiimide, Si(NCN)2 exhibits bent Si-N-C units with angles of about 143° in its structure. A detailed investigation of amorphous silicon nitride shows that an observed peak asymmetry relates to the proximity of a fifth N neighbor in non-bonding distance between 2.5 and 2.8 A to Si. We reveal the impact of both Si-N(H)-Si bond angle and Si-N bond length on 29Si δiso in hydrogenated silicon nitride structure, silicon diimide Si(NH)2.
Breakdown rates and associated nutrient cycling vary between novel crop-derived and natural riparian detritus in aquatic agroecosystems.

Freshwater ecosystem function within agricultural landscapes may be altered by differences in processing of organic matter (OM) detritus entering freshwater habitats. We compared litter breakdown rates between crop residues; maize, cotton and soybean, and native riparian species: willow oak, American sycamore and cottonwood from inundated remnant river meander channels located within the Lower Mississippi River Basin (LMRB). Litter breakdown varied among the six species with the highest and lowest breakdown rates represented by crop ( $$\bar{X}$$ k day−1 = 0.007–0.011) and riparian species ( $$\bar{X}$$ k day−1 = 0.003–0.005), respectively. OM nutrient concentration varied widely across the six species. OM C:N ratios declined with time for all species except cotton. Temporal patterns in C:P ratios varied among crop residues but initially increased before declining for all three riparian species. Riparian OM breakdown rates were more negatively related to increasing C:N ratios of OM at the end of the study compared to crop species. Historic shifts in landscape-scale OM sources from diverse bottomland tree assemblages to crop residues has likely altered LMRB bayou and oxbow ecosystems by shifting both the timing and lability of OM pulses and decreasing long-term storage of OM, an important habitat and food resource for aquatic communities.
Abstract WP285: Advanced Directives and Care Planning in the Stroke Clinic: Results of a Quality Improvement Survey

Introduction: Stroke is the 2nd most common cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Stroke survivors have high rates of comorbid medical conditions; one in 5 stroke survivors ...
Sex-Specific Regulation of Fear Memory by Targeted Epigenetic Editing of Cdk5.

Abstract Background Sex differences in the expression and prevalence of trauma- and stress-related disorders have led to a growing interest in the sex-specific molecular and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is known to underlie both fear memory and stress behavior in male mice. Given our recent finding that targeted histone acetylation of Cdk5 regulates stress responsivity in male mice, we hypothesized that such a mechanism may be functionally relevant in female mice as well. Methods We applied epigenetic editing of Cdk5 in the hippocampus and examined the regulation of fear memory retrieval in male and female mice. Viral expression of zinc finger proteins targeting histone acetylation to the Cdk5 promoter was paired with a quantification of learning and memory of contextual fear conditioning, expression of CDK5, and enrichment of histone modifications of the Cdk5 gene. Results We found that male mice exhibit stronger long-term memory retrieval than do female mice, and this finding was associated with male-specific epigenetic activation of hippocampal Cdk5 expression. Sex differences in behavior and epigenetic regulation of Cdk5 occurred after long-term, but not short-term, fear memory retrieval. Finally, targeted histone acetylation of hippocampal Cdk5 promoter attenuated fear memory retrieval and increased tau phosphorylation in female but not male mice. Conclusions Epigenetic editing uncovered a female-specific role of Cdk5 activation in attenuating fear memory retrieval. This finding may be attributed to CDK5 mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau only in the female hippocampus. Sex-specific epigenetic regulation of Cdk5 may reflect differences in the effect of CDK5 on downstream target proteins that regulate memory.
Inferring the genetic architecture of expression variation from replicated high throughput allele-specific expression experiments

Gene expression variation between alleles in a diploid cell is mediated by variation in cis regulatory sequences, which usually refers to the differences in DNA sequence between two alleles near the gene of interest. Expression differences caused by cis variation has been estimated by the ratio of the expression level of the two alleles under a binomial model. However, the binomial model underestimates the variance among replicated experiments resulting in the exaggerated statistical significance of estimated cis effects and thus many false discoveries of cis-affected genes. Here we describe a beta-binomial model that estimates the cis-effect for each gene while permitting overdispersion of variance among replicates. We demonstrated with simulated null data (data without true cis-effect) that the new model fits the true distribution better, resulting in approximately 5% false positive rate under 5% significance level in all null datasets, considerably better than the 6%-40% false positive rate of the binomial model. Additional replicates increase the performance of the beta-binomial model but not of the binomial model. We also collected new allele-specific expression data from an experiment comprised of 20 replicates of a yeast hybrid (YPS128/RM11-1a). We eliminated the mapping bias problem with de novo assemblies of the two parental genomes. By applying the beta-binomial model to this dataset, we found that cis effects are ubiquitous, affecting around 70% of genes. However, most of these changes are small in magnitude. The high number of replicates enabled us a better approximation of cis landscape within species and also provides a resource for future exploration for better models.
Room temperature semiconductor detectors for nuclear security

Preventing radioactive sources from being used for harmful purposes is a global challenge. A requirement for solving the challenge is developing radiation detectors that are efficient, sensitive, and practical. Room temperature semiconductor detectors (RTSDs) are an important class of gamma-ray sensors because they can generate high-resolution gamma-ray spectra at ambient operating temperatures. A number of diverse and stringent requirements must be met for semiconducting materials to serve as sensors in RTSD spectrometers, which limits the number of candidates of interest that receive attention and undergo focused research and development efforts. Despite this, the development of new compounds for sensors in RTSDs is a thriving research field, and a number of materials with stunning potential as RTSD materials have emerged within the last decade. In this perspective, the state of the art in RTSD materials is examined, and emerging semiconducting compounds are reviewed. The highly developed CdTe, CdZnTe, HgI2, and TlBr are first discussed to highlight the potential that can emerge from RTSD compounds in advanced stages of technological development. Thereafter, emerging compounds are reviewed by class from chalcogenides, iodides and chalcohalides, and organic-inorganic hybrid compounds. This work provides both a compilation of the physical and electronic properties of the emerging RTSD candidates and a perspective on the importance of material properties for the future of compounds that can transform the field of radiation detection science.
Undergraduate Students Prefer Learning Text and Broadcast Skills Sequentially Versus Concurrently, But Assessments of Their Final Projects Are Mixed:

This study examined two sections of “Reporting and Writing I.” One taught writing for text and broadcast concurrently, whereas the other taught these skills sequentially. A student survey found a s...
Data-driven discovery of mid-pregnancy immune markers associated with maternal lifetime stress: results from an urban pre-birth cohort

Changes to the maternal inflammatory milieu may be a mechanism through which maternal psychosocial stress is transmitted to the fetus. Research investigating a limited number of immune markers may ...
Electromagnetic Haptic Feedback System for Use With a Graphical Display Using Flat Coils and Sensor Array

We have developed a haptic interaction system which wirelessly generates 3D forces onto a small magnet which can be fixed to a user's fingertip or a handheld stylus. Magnet position sensing and haptic force generation can both be performed through a thin screen, and the actuation and sensing components of the system are sufficiently thin and compact to be easily mounted behind the screen in the same enclosure. In this manner, the system is particularly well suited for use for co-located haptic and graphic display, with 3D force feedback added to an interactive display. The purpose of the work is to describe, analyze, and validate a method and device to generate haptic force feedback on a magnet held near a display screen using thin flat arrays of coils and sensors. The location of the magnet during haptic interaction is obtained by an array of Hall effect sensors. Flat rectangular coils are used to generate Lorentz forces on the interaction magnet and can act in combination to produce 3D forces in any direction, both parallel and normal to the screen surface. The active area of the haptic interaction system prototype is approximately 120 × 120 mm, with effective force generation and position sensing from the screen surface to an elevation of approximately 15 mm. The localization methods do not depend on the size, shape, or magnetization strength of the magnet, so that larger or smaller magnets may be used for greater forces or more ease of manipulation, without modifying the software other than the force actuation model. The design of the system is presented, including modeling and analysis of the sensing and actuation methods. Experimental results are given for field sensing, magnet localization, and haptic interaction with simulated objects. Forces up to 0.3 N are demonstrated to be generated in different specific desired directions while sensing planar magnet position to an accuracy within approximately 2.0 mm.
Beliefs and experiences about immunization among refugees resettled in the United States from the Thailand-Myanmar (Burma) border

The purpose of this study was to investigate immunization-related experiences among Karen and Karenni refugees from the Thai-Myanmar border currently living in the U.S. Exploration of knowledge, be...
Video analytic system for detecting cow structure

Abstract In animal agriculture, animal health directly influences productivity. For dairy cows, many health conditions can be evaluated by trained observers based on visual appearance and movement. However, to manually evaluate every cow in a commercial farm is expensive and impractical. This study introduces a video-analytic system which automatically detects the cow structure from captured video sequences. A side-view cow structural model is designed to describe the spatial positions of the joints (keypoints) of the cow, and we develop a system using deep learning to automatically extract the structural model from videos. The proposed system can detect multiple cows in the same frame and provides robust performance for the body region under practical challenges like obstacles (fences) and poor illumination. Compared to other object detection methods, this system provides better detection results and successfully isolates the body keypoints of each cow even when the cows are close to each other.
Management of Immune-Related Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors for the Inpatient Dermatologist

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors are immunotherapeutic agents associated with a range of auto-inflammatory cutaneous toxicities. This paper reviews the clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of immune-related cutaneous adverse events (irCAEs) to PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, with emphasis on disease processes practitioners may encounter in hospitalized patients. A systematic approach for suspected irCAEs has been well-detailed in recent clinical guidelines. However, the breadth of irCAE manifestations and treatment options continues to be actively delineated in the literature. The characterization and management of irCAEs is an ever-evolving realm of oncodermatology. The dermatologist’s role is to limit morbidity and mortality, maximize quality of life, and prevent discontinuation of immunotherapy. Non-steroidal immunomodulatory agents are being increasingly utilized for moderate to severe cutaneous reactions and present an opportunity for further research into safe and effective therapies.
Rapid response of Nelson's syndrome to pasireotide in radiotherapy-naive patient.

Nelson’s syndrome is a well-described complication following bilateral adrenalectomy for management of Cushing’s disease. There is no consensus on optimal management of Nelson’s syndrome, characterized by the triad of pituitary corticotroph adenoma growth, elevated serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, and skin hyperpigmentation. Medical therapy with a variety of drug classes have been studied. One potentially promising drug already approved for Cushing’s disease is pasireotide, a somatostatin analog with affinity for multiple somatostatin receptors, including subtype 5, the most highly expressed receptor on corticotroph tumors. A 24-year-old female was diagnosed with Cushing’s disease with initial ACTH levels around 700–800 pg/mL. She underwent transsphenoidal surgery without remission, followed by bilateral adrenalectomy. Over the subsequent 3 years, the patient developed skin hyperpigmentation, recurrent elevations of ACTH, and tumor recurrence requiring two additional transsphenoidal surgeries. After her third transsphenoidal resection, ACTH normalized, no residual tumor was seen on radiology, and the patient’s skin hyperpigmentation improved. She then had an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy, during which ACTH levels remained within normal limits. One month after delivery, ACTH levels began rising to a peak at 5,935 pg/mL. Imaging revealed two new bilateral pituitary adenomas, measuring 14 mm on the left, and 7 mm on the right. She was then started on pasireotide. After two months of therapy, ACTH decreased to 609 pg/mL, and repeat pituitary MRI showed interval decrease in size of both pituitary adenomas to 13 mm on the left and 6 mm on the right. We report the protracted course of a young female with several recurrences of Nelson’s syndrome following bilateral adrenalectomy and multiple transsphenoidal surgeries, who ultimately responded to pasireotide. Unique features of her case not described previously are the response to pasireotide in a radiotherapy-naive patient, as well as the rapid radiologic response to therapy. Her history illustrates the unresolved challenges of Nelson’s syndrome and the continued need for additional studies to identify optimal management.
Inflammation and future depressive symptoms among recently bereaved spouses.

Abstract Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an important contributor to the total disease burden because of its high comorbidity with chronic illnesses. Many people with high levels of depressive symptoms exhibit elevated systemic inflammation, but inflammation is not a necessary determinant of depression onset. Among those who recently experienced the death of a spouse, we investigated whether (a) inflammation assessed early in bereavement predicted future depressive symptoms and whether (b) inflammation predicted change in depressive symptoms from baseline to follow-up. Ninety-nine spousally bereaved individuals (M = 68.61, SD = 10.70) from a larger study were evaluated at baseline (3 months post-death) and follow-up (6 months post-death). Subjects received a venous blood draw and completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Stimulated T-cell derived cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were assessed individually and as a pro-inflammatory composite index. After controlling for confounding factors (i.e., age, sex, body mass index, race, ethnicity, anti-inflammatory medication, days since spousal death, smoking status, comorbidities), individuals with higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ at baseline exhibited more depressive symptoms (composite index, p = .05) and an increased probability of experiencing clinical levels of depression (CES-D score ≥ 16) (composite index, p = .04). Inflammatory levels were not predictive of change in depressive symptoms or in clinical depression status from baseline to follow-up. Among individuals who did not experience clinical levels of depression at baseline, baseline inflammatory levels predicted clinical levels of depression 3 months later (p = .03). This study provides support for an inflammatory mechanism underlying depression following bereavement. It suggests that one's inflammatory profile following a significant social stressor in older adulthood can be prognostic of depression risk months later. These findings add to our understanding of the physiological and mental health risks experienced by the bereaved population and provide insight into identifying vulnerable widow(er)s at risk for maladaptive grief coping.
“I'm Just Like, You Know What, It’s Now or Never”: Exploring How Women of Color Experiencing Severe Abuse and Homicide Risk Journey Toward Formal Help-Seeking:

Women in the United States are more likely to be killed by an intimate partner than anyone else, and prior, severe domestic violence (DV) is typically involved in such intimate partner homicides (IPH). Black women experience disproportionately high rates of DV and IPHs, severe injury, and abuse with weapons. Distinct patterns of escalating DV are associated with impending risk of re-victimization and lethal violence. One of the most common predictors associated with formal DV help-seeking is severity of physical violence. The current study uses semi-structured interviews with 11 severe abuse survivors to answer the following research questions: (1) How do women experiencing severe abuse make sense of DV resources across the course of their abusive relationships? (2) How do women experiencing severe abuse make sense of services when fear of death/homicide risk is present? Approximately 91% of the sample is comprised of women of color (WOC) survivors. Results demonstrate that WOC survivors navigated complex journeys toward formal DV help-seeking that involved resisting help-seeking when the abuse still felt manageable; delaying help-seeking to protect themselves from escalating violence; and hastening help-seeking when breaking points were reached and the risk of death felt tangible. DV resources took on a different meaning in participants' lives as abuse became more severe across the abuse lifecourse, and in relation to life circumstances and patterns of abuse, and personal perceptions of homicide risk. WOC participants also often experienced multiple structural barriers to formal help-seeking and waited until the violence was severe and/or life-threatening to make first contact, which highlights the necessity of immediate risk assessment with responsive service offerings that address the link between DV and poverty, as well as regular follow-up and ongoing support.
Navigating a World of Genes: A Conceptual Analysis of Gene Fetishism, Geneticization, Genetic Exceptionalism and Genetic Essentialism

Abstract Genetics, as a discipline, is an essential part of the modern world. However, analyzing the interaction between genetics and society can be complex. Therefore, terminology has arisen from diverse fields to better understand genetics and its relation to other domains. Nevertheless, the diverse origins of many of these terms, as well as a lack of clarity in their definitions, have led to differences in use. This paper focuses on four such terms: genetic fetishism, geneticization, genetic essentialism, and genetic exceptionalism. By clarifying what each term means, the fields that utilize them will be helped. Furthermore, these terms can have specific value to bioethics in analyzing ethical issues that arise from genetics and the interaction with the socio-cultural world. While these terms may not always be applicable, a more careful analysis of their meaning can cultivate a more scientific and rigorous analysis of the ways genetics impacts and is understood by humanity.
On Jacob Marschak’s 1936 Erroneous Understanding of Keynes’s General Theory Comments on Mathematical Economics

Jacob Marschak badly misinterpreted Keynes’s critique of the Marshallian partial equilibrium approach to mathematical economics, as exemplified by A C Pigou, in the General Theory in 1936 when he helped set up the September, 1936 Econometrica seminar dealing with the General Theory, where Meade, Hicks, and Harrod presented their papers on the meaning of the General Theory. Harrod’s and Hick’s papers were later published in the first two issues of Econometrica in 1937 in volume 5. Marschak interpreted Keynes’s criticisms of Pigou’s Marshallian approach as a direct, general attack on all mathematical economics, instead of it being a specific attack on a particular type of mathematical economics that attempted to apply the ceteris paribus qualification, sound when made at the microeconomic level, at the macroeconomic level. Keynes wrote the General Theory to show that the Marshallian approach could not take into account the complications, feedback effects, and interdependencies at the macro level. What was required was a general, multiple equilibrium approach using sets of simultaneous, mathematical equations that incorporated uncertain expectations. The mathematical system had to be similar to the type of systems of simultaneous equations Keynes had worked with in the A Treatise on Probability to define upper and lower probabilities. Keynes provided a set of three simultaneous equations that he brought together in chapter 21 in section IV of the General Theory on pp. 298-299 that, when combined with his D-Z model of expected aggregate demand-expected aggregate supply, goes a long way toward allowing an economist to deal with the turbulence, intricacies and interdependences at the macroeconomic level. Marschak grasped none of Keynes’s system of mathematical equations.
A novel spatiotemporal method for predicting covid-19 cases

Prediction methods are important for many applications. In particular, an accurate prediction for the total number of cases for pandemics such as the Covid-19 pandemic could help medical preparedness by providing in time a sucient supply of testing kits, hospital beds and medical personnel. This paper experimentally compares the accuracy of ten prediction methods for the cumulative number of Covid- 19 pandemic cases. These ten methods include three types of neural networks and extrapola- tion methods based on best fit quadratic, best fit cubic and Lagrange interpolation, as well as an extrapolation method proposed by the second author. We also consider the Kriging and inverse distance weighting spatial interpolation methods. We also develop a novel spatiotemporal prediction method by combining temporal and spatial prediction methods. The experiments show that among these ten prediction methods, the spatiotemporal method has the smallest root mean square error and mean absolute error on Covid-19 cumulative data for counties in New York State between May and July, 2020. © This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US