cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does Gender Minority Professional Experience Impact Employment Discrimination? Two Résumé Experiments

We sought to examine perceived gender identity, perceived co-worker discomfort, and salary recommendations for youth counselors with transgender-related work experience. In two experiments conducted in 2016 and 2017, we randomized participants to view 1 of 2 resumes with varying work experience at a camp for transgender youth or a generic youth camp. Study 1 participants were 274 adult festivalgoers at a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender pride festival. Study 2 participants were 296 employed, heterosexual adults aged 35-60 from an online survey panel. In Study 1, viewing the resume with transgender experience resulted in a statistically significantly higher likelihood of reporting the applicant was gender minority than cisgender (adjusted odds ratio = 3.76, 95% confidence interval [1.32, 10.72], p = .01), higher but not a statistically significant level of co-worker discomfort ( aOR = 1.39, 95% CI [0.83, 2.32], p = .22), and, although not statistically significant, a $2,605 higher salary (95% CI [-$604, - $5,814], p = .11). In Study 2, we found a statistically significantly greater likelihood of reporting the applicant was gender minority than cisgender ( OR = 2.56, 95% CI [1.36, 4.82], p < .01), statistically significantly higher odds of reported co-worker discomfort ( OR = 3.57, 95% CI [2.15, 5.92], p < .01), and, although not statistically significant, a $1,374 higher salary (95% CI [-$1,931, $4,679], p = .41). Our results indicate the potential for stigma by association for professionals working with marginalized groups and suggest potential pathways through which employment discrimination may exacerbate existing inequities for gender minority people.
Disulfide Bonds Affect the Binding Sites of Human β Defensin Type 3 on Negatively Charged Lipid Membranes.

Human β defensin type 3 (hBD-3) is a small natural antimicrobiotic. It is strongly cationic and has six cysteine residues which can form three pairs of intramolecular disulfide bonds under oxidized...
A Computation Model for Senior Citizen Health Self-Care

A computation model is proposed for senior citizen health self-care through adaptive multi-level computation cycles according to the principles of slow intelligence. An experimental system, called ...
New Upper Bounds for the Erdős-Gyárfás Problem on Generalized Ramsey Numbers

A $(p,q)$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an edge-coloring of $G$ which assigns at least $q$ colors to each $p$-clique. The problem of determining the minimum number of colors, $f(n,p,q)$, needed to give a $(p,q)$-coloring of the complete graph $K_n$ is a natural generalization of the well-known problem of identifying the diagonal Ramsey numbers $r_k(p)$. The best-known general upper bound on $f(n,p,q)$ was given by Erdős and Gyarfas in 1997 using a probabilistic argument. Since then, improved bounds in the cases where $p=q$ have been obtained only for $p\in\{4,5\}$, each of which was proved by giving a deterministic construction which combined a $(p,p-1)$-coloring using few colors with an algebraic coloring. In this paper, we provide a framework for proving new upper bounds on $f(n,p,p)$ in the style of these earlier constructions. We characterize all colorings of $p$-cliques with $p-1$ colors which can appear in our modified version of the $(p,p-1)$-coloring of Conlon, Fox, Lee, and Sudakov. This allows us to greatly reduce the amount of case-checking required in identifying $(p,p)$-colorings, which would otherwise make this problem intractable for large values of $p$. In addition, we generalize our algebraic coloring from the $p=5$ setting and use this to give improved upper bounds on $f(n,6,6)$ and $f(n,8,8)$.
Evaluation of Items on Intangible Cultural Heritage

Evaluation is built into the notion of intangible heritage in a number of senses. Intangible heritage, in other words, is a normative concept. Intangible heritage is a relational term which is understood in contrast with tangible heritage. Intangible heritage is considered to be of less obvious value than the tangible. It is the immaterial or the ephemeral as opposed to the material or the enduring, even permanent. Tangible heritage, by contrast, is a monument, say, a cathedral or an aqueduct or a still-standing ancient city of exquisite beauty. In this relationship, the intangible appears less substantial, less enduring and hence of less obvious value.
The Computational Complexity of Valuation and Motivational Forces in Decision-Making Processes

The concept of value is fundamental to most theories of motivation and decision making. However, value has to be measured experimentally. Different methods of measuring value produce incompatible valuation hierarchies. Taking the agent's perspective (rather than the experimenter's), we interpret the different valuation measurement methods as accessing different decision-making systems and show how these different systems depend on different information processing algorithms. This identifies the translation from these multiple decision-making systems into a single action taken by a given agent as one of the most important open questions in decision making today. We conclude by looking at how these different valuation measures accessing different decision-making systems can be used to understand and treat decision dysfunction such as in addiction.
Hydrogen-bonded nickel(I) complexes

A series of nickel(ii) tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) complexes featuring appended hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) to halides (F, Cl, Br) was synthesized and charcterized. Reduction to the nickel(i) state provided access to an unusual nickel(i) fluoride complex stabilized by H-bonds, enabling structural and spectroscopic characterization.
OH-Si complex in hydrogenated n-type β-Ga2O3:Si

Si is an n-type dopant in Ga2O3 that can be intentionally or unintentionally introduced. The results of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, Hall effect, and infrared absorption experiments show that the hydrogen plasma exposure of Si-doped Ga2O3 leads to the formation of complexes containing Si and H and the passivation of n-type conductivity. The Si-H (D) complex gives rise to an O-H (D) vibrational line at 3477.6 (2577.8) cm−1 and is shown to contain a single H (or D) atom. The direction of the transition moment of this defect has been investigated to provide structure-sensitive information. Theory suggests possible structures for an OH-Si complex that is consistent with its observed vibrational properties.
Buckling Strength of Columns Based on Random Parameters

The buckling strength of axially loaded columns is examined by using the quasisteady statistical method. Material properties are considered as random parameters. Such an approach can provide a rational estimation of column strength in both the elastic and the inelastic range simultaneously as parameters vary. The procedure is explained by using the Duberg-Wilder model for tangent modulus buckling. Numerical results for wide-flange columns with the presence of residual stresses are obtained and are compared with pertinent experimental results and deterministic solutions.
The Assessment and Interpretation of Intellectual Abilities in People with Autism

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the nature and specificity of intellectual and cognitive abilities in people with autism. The developmental ramifications on intellectual and cognitive development of early brain pathology are initially reviewed, followed by a detailed discussion of specific research findings employing the Wechsler intelligence scales. In addition, the use of the Wechsler scales and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children are reviewed with respect to assessing sequential and simultaneous processing abilities in children with autism. Memory functions in persons with autism are reviewed. Practical and clinical considerations for testing children with autism are then summarized. Finally, the conclusion attempts to theoretically integrate the findings of cognitive and intellectual abilities in persons with autism into a neuropsychological developmental model.
Apportioning Responsibility to Immune Nonparties: An Argument Based on Comparative Responsibility and the Proposed Restatement (Third) of Torts

The move from contributory negligence to comparative fault in tort law has been swift and pervasive, with only four states and the District of Columbia retaining pure contributory negligence schemes. Comparative fault, combined with the doctrine of several liability, has heralded a new era of tort law in which justice is based on responsibility, and each party to an action is held liable only for its share of the fault. Although this paradigm shift seems to have been a move in the right direction, the strength and simplicity of the central concept of "comparative responsibility" has often compelled law-makers to adopt sweeping change without tending to many important corollary issues. This Note concerns one such issue: how several-liability jurisdictions should handle an immune nonparty's share of responsibility for a tort.
Crawling, Indexing and Retrieval of Three-Dimensional Data on the Web in the Framework of MPEG-7

A system for crawling, indexing and searching three-dimensional data on the Web in the framework of MPEG-7 is presented. After a brief presentation of the Web context, considerations on three-dimensional data are introduced followed by an overview of the MPEG-7 standard. A strategy to efficiently crawl three-dimensional data is presented. Methods designed to automatically index three-dimensional objects are introduced as well as the corresponding search engine. The implications of MPEG-7 for such a system are then analyzed from both the normative and non-normative point of view.
Eukaryotic Replication Fork

In eukaryotic cells, DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) synthesis occurs at specific sites that move through the genome called replication forks. Multiprotein complexes at these forks catalyse the synthesis of two new strands of DNA using parental strands as templates to produce two complete copies of the parental DNA. The eukaryotic replication fork machinery must deal with the chromatin and chromosome structure of eukaryotic genomes, be able to replicate DNA in the context of a complex cell cycle, and be able to deal with the constant threat of mutations that could arise due to replication of damaged DNA, all while trying to efficiently replicate the DNA with high fidelity. The resulting eukaryotic replication fork is a tightly controlled, yet incredibly efficient biological machine capable of synthesizing billions of base pairs of DNA in the span of hours. Key Concepts: Eukaryotic DNA replication requires the concerted action of multiple DNA polymerases and accessory factors that replicate the DNA with high efficiency and accuracy. Eukaryotic chromosomes are replicated in a semidiscontinuous manner by replication forks that coordinate the simultaneous replication of the leading and lagging strands. The eukaryotic replication machinery is equipped to displace histones that coat chromatin DNA and reconstitute fully functional nucleoprotein chromosomes after DNA replication. Keywords: DNA replication; DNA polymerase; DNA synthesis; replication fork; checkpoint
Microvascular Consequences of Obesity and Diabetes

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the unique problems and alterations of the diverse forms of vascular regulation caused by obesity, insufficient insulin, and insulin resistance. Much of the chapter focuses on changes in microvascular regulation in obesity as a prelude to the more serious consequences of insulin-independent diabetes in the obese animal and human. The issues of insulin resistance of obesity and eventual development of hyperglycemia despite very high circulating concentrations of insulin appear to synergistically interact to compromise both microvascular and macrovascular functions. Medical intervention with pharmacology, diet, and exercise allows the vast majority of persons with Types I and II diabetes with even modestly successful treatment to have very few bouts of severe hyperglycemia. Although there are similarities in the final macro- and microvascular outcomes of both Type I (insulin-deficient) and Type II (insulin-resistant) diabetes mellitus, the vast majority of Type I diabetes occurs in juvenile life while the body is growing. This raises an interesting possibility that disturbances of microvascular growth could impact both the juvenile vasculature and type of microvascular morphology present once the juvenile reaches adult life. Despite intervention, microvascular disease leading to impaired renal function, blindness, and skin damage and accelerated atherosclerosis of the macrovessels associated with stroke and myocardial infarction continue to be major issues for the Type I diabetic population. Probable mechanisms of impaired endothelial and vascular smooth muscle function due to inadequate insulin action and hyperglycemia are discussed.
IL-36 contributes to robust effector function of CD8+ T cells co-stimulated with 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) through a TCR independent mechanism (CCR3P.216)

IL-36 cytokines are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines. It has been reported that murine bone barrow-derived dendritic cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes constitutively express IL-36R and respond to IL-36. Also, during CD4+ T cell stimulation, inclusion of IL-36 is known to alter cytokine potential. However, the role of IL-36 in CD8+ T cells is not well understood. In this study, we investigated whether IL-36R is expressed on CD8+ T cells and whether IL-36 exerts effects on CD8+ effector T cell function and phenotype. We found that by quantitative real-time RT-PCR IL-36R is highly expressed on CD8+ T cells after 4-1BB (CD137) and OX40 (CD134) dual co-stimulation. Importantly, these effector CD8+ T cells responded to IL-36β and IL-36γ. We found enhanced IFN-γ production when IL-36 was combined with IL-12, or IL-2. Surprisingly, IFN-γ production was induced in resting effector CD8+ T cells even in the absence of any known TCR trigger. Secondly, the synergy of IL-36 with IL-2 was time dependent and evident at IFN-γ mRNA and protein levels. Together, these data suggest that IL-36 can enhance the effector function of CD8+ T cells and may be a promising immunotherapy candidate.
Charlemagne's Practice of Empire

Revisiting one of the great puzzles of European political history, Jennifer R. Davis examines how the Frankish king Charlemagne and his men held together the vast new empire he created during the first decades of his reign. Davis explores how Charlemagne overcame the two main problems of ruling an empire, namely how to delegate authority and how to manage diversity. Through a meticulous reconstruction based on primary sources, she demonstrates that rather than imposing a pre-existing model of empire onto conquered regions, Charlemagne and his men learned from them, developing a practice of empire that allowed the emperor to rule on a European scale. As a result, Charlemagne's realm was more flexible and diverse than has long been believed. Telling the story of Charlemagne's rule using sources produced during the reign itself, Davis offers a new interpretation of Charlemagne's political practice, free from the distortions of later legend.
Octet enhancement and the reciprocal bootstrap

Perturbations of the masses of baryon and meson-baryon resonances due to the breaking of an internal symmetry group are studied in the static model. For particular assignments of particles to representations of SU(2) we show that the bootstrap condition for the baryon implies the enhancement of perturbations which transform like isotopic vectors. In the case of SU(3) we use the reciprocal bootstrap for the octet baryons and decuplet resonances and demonstrate the relationship between it and octet enhancement. These results show in a simple way the manner in which the bootstrap equations make definite predictions about the transformation properties of mass perturbations.
Nature as Muslim: Applying a Qur'anic Concept to the Bible

Eco-sensitive readings of both the Bible and the Qur'an have become common in recent years as scholars have drawn upon insights and methods from environmental studies to inform their interpretations of biblical and qur'anic passages. This article attempts to put the two texts in conversation with one another on this topic to show how what one of them has to say about the natural world can have an effect on how we understand and interpret the other. Some have argued that the Qur'an's view of nature is that it is “muslim” because it submits and conforms itself to the divine will. This article applies that idea to selected biblical texts that refer to various elements of the natural world. Rereading these passages from the Bible through the lens of the Qur'an's concept of nature as muslim can enable us to see important aspects of the biblical view of the environment that we might otherwise miss.
Personal Data: Blind Spot of the “Affective Law of Value”?

This perspective intervenes in the discussion of value generation on social networking sites by focusing on the role played by the collection and use of personal data. It argues, with Fuchs (2012), that the paradigm of user labor remains a useful way for approaching the issue of user generated content. In response to Arvidsson and Colleoni (2012), it suggests that the value of “data troves” better explains the discrepancy between valuation and revenue than the hypothesis of the direct transformation of users’ affective investment into financial rent. Finally, it advances the discussion by considering the challenge posed by new forms of data processing and collection for arguments regarding labor's ability to appropriate forms of socialized knowledge.
1.0 Underwater Acoustics And Acoustical Oceanography 1.4 Acoustical oceanography; Correlations Amongst High Definition Side-Scan Sonar Images and Corresponding Remote Operating Vehicle Images of Geological, Man-Made and Possible Animal Remains Along the Bottom of Loch Ness, Scotland

A century of dramatic changes in Loch Ness, Scotland, are now revealed through high definition side-scan sonar mapping of the entire loch, further revealing interesting targets resting on the bottom and side walls some of which have been correlated with optical images through ROV video-inspection.
The Measurement of e M by Cyclotron Resonance

The cyclotron resonance frequency of the proton has been measured using a new method. By measuring the spin precessional frequency of the proton in the same magnetic field, the proton magnetic moment in nuclear magnetons has been determined as ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{p}=2.79276\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.00006$. In combination with other data this result can be used directly to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the proton $\frac{e}{{M}_{p}}={9579.4}_{2}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ emu/g, the faraday $F={9652.0}_{3}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ emu/g (physical scale), and the ratio of the proton mass to the electron mass $\frac{{M}_{p}}{{m}_{e}}=1836.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05$. A preliminary value for the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$-D doublet is given.
Pralatrexate: A novel synthetic antifolate for relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma and other potential uses:

Purpose: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, dosage, and economic considerations of pralatrexate (PDX) are reviewed.Summary: Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) comp...
STUDY OF LIQUID CRYSTAL CONFORMATION BY MULTIPLE QUANTUM NMR: n-PENTYL CYANOBIPHENYL

The multiple quantum NMR spectrum of 4-cyano-4'-n-pentyl-d11-biphenyl in the nematic phase is presented. The sub-spectra of the higher quantum transitions are easier to interpret than the single quantum spectrum. A preliminary analysis of the biphenyl conformation indicates that the dihedral angle is 32 ± 1°.
Comparison of Effectiveness and Safety of Operations on the Pericardium

A ten-year experience with operations on the pericardium in 71 consecutive patients was reviewed. The patients ranged in age from nine months to 75 years old. Fifty-three patients were operated upon for pericardial effusion and 14 for pericardial constriction. Sixty-seven patients had pericarditis: 21 of them underwent subxiphoid tube drainage; ten, limited pericardiectomy; and the remaining 36, extensive pericardiectomy. There were two trauma victims who underwent diagnostic pericardiotomy. Two patients underwent excision of pericardial cysts. There was one operative death during extensive pericardiectomy for constrictive tuberculous pericarditis. Thirty-day mortality was three of 21 patients after subxiphoid tube drainage, three of ten after limited pericardiectomy and five of 36 after extensive pericardiectomy. Postoperative complications consisted of pulmonary problems in four patients (two after pericas diectomy and two after extensive pericardiectomy), cardiac arrhythmia in one patient after tube drainage and postpericardiotomy syndrome in one patient after extensive pericardiectomy. Mean follow-up was 3.2 years. Recurrent pericardial effusion occurred in two patients; one had limited pericardiectomy but did not require reoperation and one had diagnostic pericardiotomy without drainage. Six patients with persistent postirradiation pericardial effusion were treated effectively with extensive pericardiectomy. Our experience indicates that subxiphoid tube drainage is effective for the treatment of pericardial effusion and safer than limited pericardiectomy, while extensive pericardiectomy is the operation of choice for pericardial constriction and radiation-related pericardial effusion.
Visual pigments and bacteriorhodopsins formed from aromatic retinal analogs.

— Rhodopsin (Rh) and bacteriorhodopsin (bR) analogs have been prepared from retinals containing various aromatic and heterocyclic nuclei. In the case of Rh, aromatic methyl substituents facilitate the regeneration and stabilize the pigments formed; in bR, however, methyl substituents seem to have little influence. Rhodopsins derived from unsubstituted aromatic retinals show fine structure in the relatively stable “pre-pigment” intermediate and their maxima are red-shifted compared to pigments derived from methylated aromatic retinals. This implies that in these aromatic rhodopsins the ring moiety adopts a more planar conformation when unsubstituted. In bR derivatives also the aromatic ring adopts a close-to-planar conformation when unsubstituted, but comparison with indene-derived bR suggests that even the unsubstituted phenyl ring may not be coplanar with the side-chain.
Trash or Cash?: Partnering with Online Booksellers to Dispose of Deselected Academic Library Monographs

This study focuses on an academic library's opportunity to partner with online booksellers to sell some of the library's deselected monographs with less effort and time than if it organized the sales by itself. I provide a comparative overview of six established book dealers (Better World Books, B-Logistics, BookJingle, Book Prospector, Thrift Books, and Zubal Books), whose services I tested by offering them a sample of weeded titles. A summary of each bookseller's response is presented, including the company's description, its scope of materials accepted, type of sale, shipping process, distribution of profit, and manner of disposing of unsold titles.
Aged garlic extract attenuates intracellular oxidative stress.

Summary Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been recognized as playing an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. We recently reported that aged garlic extract (AGE) inhibited LDL oxidation and minimized oxidized LDL-induced cell injury. In this study, the antioxidant effects of AGE were further examined using bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) and murine macrophages. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, as an index of membrane injury, and intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels were determined. Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) caused an increase of LDH release and depletion of GSH. Pretreatment with AGE prevented these changes. AGE exhibited an inhibition of Ox-LDL-induced peroxides in PAEC. AGE suppressed peroxides in murine Macrophage (J774 cells) dose-dependently. The J774 cells were also incubated with AGE, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nitric oxide (NO) production was measured. AGE inhibited NO production in J774 cells. In a cell free system, AGE was shown to scavenge H2O2 dose-dependently. Our data demonstrate that AGE can protect the endothelial cells from oxidized LDL-induced injury by preventing depletion of intracellular GSH and by removing peroxides. AGE also reduces levels of NO and peroxides in macrophages. These data suggest that AGE is a useful protective agent against cytotoxicity associated with Ox-LDL and NO, and it may thus be useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Interaction of ions, atoms, and small molecules with quantized vortex lines in superfluid (4)He.

The interaction of a number of impurities (H2, Ag, Cu, Ag2, Cu2, Li, He3 (+), He(*) ((3)S), He2 (∗) ((3)Σu), and e(-)) with quantized rectilinear vortex lines in superfluid (4)He is calculated by using the Orsay-Trento density functional theory (DFT) method at 0 K. The Donnelly-Parks (DP) potential function binding ions to the vortex is combined with DFT data, yielding the impurity radius as well as the vortex line core parameter. The vortex core parameter at 0 K (0.74 A) obtained either directly from the vortex line geometry or through the DP potential fitting is smaller than previously suggested but is compatible with the value obtained from re-analysis of the Rayfield-Reif experiment. All of the impurities have significantly higher binding energies to vortex lines below 1 K than the available thermal energy, where the thermally assisted escape process becomes exponentially negligible. Even at higher temperatures 1.5-2.0 K, the trapping times for larger metal clusters are sufficiently long that the previously observed metal nanowire assembly in superfluid helium can take place at vortex lines. The binding energy of the electron bubble is predicted to decrease as a function of both temperature and pressure, which allows adjusting the trap depth for either permanent trapping or to allow thermally assisted escape. Finally, a new scheme for determining the trapping of impurities on vortex lines by optical absorption spectroscopy is outlined and demonstrated for He(*).
Hawaiian Volcanoes wins book award

An AGU title that describes the first undersea survey around Hawaii's volcanic islands received an award for best book of 2002 in geography and Earth sciences from the Association of American Publishers' Professional/Scholarly Publishing Division on 4 February. Hawaiian Volcanoes: Deep Underwater Perspectives presents research from a series of dives around the Hawaiian Islands in the summers of 1998 and 1999 to explore and map its underwater landscape.The 418-page monograph also includes a CD-ROM providing detailed maps of the ocean floor and its gravity and magnetic intensity.
Neonatal respiratory distress: sequela of bilateral nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Neonatal respiratory distress is a commonly seen entity whose causes are legion. Nasal obstruction secondary to intranasal masses is significant because neonates are obligate nasal breathers. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) causing respiratory distress is an extremely rare event since most cases of NLDO do not compromise the nasal airway. We report two cases of neonatal respiratory distress secondary to bilateral NLDO with cystic mucocele formation and intranasal extension; only two similar cases have been previously described. Pertinent embryology and anatomy are reviewed as is a brief discussion of congenital NLDO. MRI and a nasal endoscopic photograph are provided demonstrating the nasolacrimal and nasal pathology. Treatment strategies are outlined. Consideration of nasolacrimal duct pathology in the differential diagnosis of neonatal respiratory distress and nasal obstruction is stressed.
Insulin, branched-chain amino acids, and growth failure in uremia

Insulin and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism was studied in 14 adolescents with uremia on hemodialysis. Glucose tolerance was measured by intravenous glucose tolerance tests. Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemia clamp technique. Insulin secretion during constant hyperglycemia was measured by the hyperglycemic clamp technique. Fasting plasma BCAA concentrations were compared with data from 8 adolescent controls, whereas insulin indices were compared with 8 young adults controls and with published normal data in adolescents. The patients could be further sub-divided into two groups with respect to their growth velocity standard deviation score (GVSDS). Group 1 consisted of 7 patients with GVSDS less than −2. This group demonstrated insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and low insulin secretion. This group also had low plasma valine, leucine, and isoleucine concentrations compared with control values. Group 2 consisted of 7 patients with GVSDS more than −2. This group demonstrated insulin resistance, but normal glucose tolerance and normal insulin secretion. Plasma valine, leucine, and isoleucine concentrations in group 2 were not different from control values. Total plasma BCAA correlated with glucose tolerance index and with insulin secretion, but not with insulin sensitivity. Growth failure in uremia is associated with glucose intolerance, hypoinsulinemia, and low plasma BCAA concentrations. Impaired utilization of conventional energy sources leading to preferential oxidation of BCAA may contribute to reduced anabolism and growth failure in uremia.
Accessing Medical Subject Content Using Dynamic Links in the ILS

In a university-wide, shared integrated library system (ILS), searching and browsing for materials in medical subject areas can be difficult. Users must typically be cognizant of a number of options to perform an effective search. These options include limiting to a specific location and choosing between LC/Medical subject indexes and call number schemes. A possible solution is to provide a set of dynamic or canned search links to materials in a specific location in the broad NLM classes, QS through WZ. These links can also be set to allow for sorting of results by title or publication year. This method is not foolproof, however, and factors related to its utility, efficacy, and scalability are discussed.
Why Is Elvis on Burkina Faso Postage Stamps? Cross‐Country Evidence on the Commercialization of State Sovereignty

Why would the country of Burkina Faso issue postage stamps featuring Elvis? In part, to make money, one example of what has been called the commercialization of state sovereignty. I could issue stamps, but no one would buy them. But many philatelists (stamp collectors) want countries' stamps, especially those with popular themes like Elvis or Disney characters, in their collection. I examine the commercialization of state sovereignty by first setting out a simple model and then, in the context of the predictions of this model, conduction an empirical examination of what determines whether a country will pursue a set of commercialization opportunities, from the benign to the malign. Three examples are examined: postage stamps, tax havens, and money laundering. The data analysis provides support for the idea that commercialization of state sovereignty is more likely in countries where it is more difficult to raise revenue in alternative ways, and less support for the role of costs of commercialization related to integrity and, for less benign activities, sanctions. The examined examples of commercialization that are more likely to directly raise revenue (stamp pandering and tax havens) are more attractive to poorer countries, and stamp pandering is more attractive to more agricultural countries at a given level of per-capita income. This provides some support to the notion that when revenue is difficult to raise in other ways, revenue-raising commercialization becomes more attractive. Being a tax haven or a stamp panderer is more attractive to small countries, a finding that is consistent with the Slemrod and Wilson (2007) hypothesis about tax havens that the benefits are unrelated to size but the costs are. The results corroborate and extend the Dharmapala and Hines (2007) finding that good governance is associated with tax haven status. Notably, governance has no partial association with the probability of being a money launderer. Thus, there is no evidence that bad governance as measured by the World Bank is associated with international unlawfulness. The fact that governance matters positively for the propensity to be a stamp panderer as well as to be a tax haven expands the Dharmapala-Hines interpretation that governance proxies for a country's credibility, and suggests that governance may also be associated with the capability to undertake domestic-welfare-enhancing activities and may help to explain why more of the most desperately poor nations of the world are not involved in the commercialization of state sovereignty.
Point: Should all stools be screened for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli?

ABSTRACT In October 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended that clinical laboratories test all stools submitted for the detection of enteric bacterial pathogens for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In order to do this, it is recommended that all stools be cultured for Escherichia coli O157:H7 on selective medium as well as that testing for the presence of Shiga toxin be done by immunoassay to detect non-O157 STEC (3). There are a variety of products that are FDA approved for detection of Shiga toxin. Further, it is recommended that Shiga toxin detection be done by testing overnight enrichment broth cultures of stools rather than directly examining stools for this toxin. This recommendation was made approximately 18 months ago. We have asked Mario Marcon of Nationwide9s Children Hospital in Columbus, OH, to explain the rationale for his decision to follow this recommendation, while we have asked Deanna Kiska and Scott Riddell of Upstate University Hospital in Syracuse, NY, why these guidelines have not been adopted by their laboratory.
The optimal initial management of children with suspected appendicitis: a decision analysis.

Abstract Background/purpose As abdominal imaging has improved, the use of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) for evaluating children with suspected appendicitis has increased. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal management strategy for evaluating children with suspected appendicitis given the current accuracy of abdominal imaging. Methods Decision analysis was used to evaluate 5 management strategies: discharge, observation, CT, US, and appendectomy. Probabilities and time variables were obtained from publications and a chart review. Each approach was evaluated for its impact on length of stay, hospital charges, cost effectiveness and its capacity to minimize perforation and avoid negative appendectomy (risk-benefit). Results Discharge was preferred when the probability of appendicitis was low ( 0.61 to >0.91). A role for observation was found only when the anticipated time of inpatient observation was brief ( Conclusions CT has an important role in the management of suspected appendicitis. Among children with a low or high likelihood of appendicitis, the cost of imaging tests required to prevent the complications of appendicitis is high.
Adaptive Differentially Private Data Release for Data Sharing and Data Mining

Summary form only given. Current information technology enables many organizations to collect, store, and use massive amount and various types of information about individuals. While sharing such a wealth of information presents enormous opportunities for data mining applications, data privacy has been a major barrier. Differential privacy is widely accepted as one of the strongest privacy guarantees. While many effective mechanisms have been proposed for specific data mining applications, non-interactive data release to support exploratory data analysis with differential privacy remains an open problem. I will present our Adaptive Differentially Private Data Release (ADP) project which aims to build a suite of data-driven and adaptive techniques for differentially private data release by exploiting the characteristics of the underlying data. I will present our ongoing work on techniques for handling different types of data including relational, high dimensional, transactional, sequential, and time series data. I will present case studies using real datasets demonstrating the feasibility of using the released data for various data mining tasks such as classification and frequent pattern mining. Finally, I will discuss the challenges and open questions of applying the differential privacy framework for general data sharing.
Novel Transport Properties of Colonic Crypt Cells: Fluid Absorption and Cl-Dependent Na-H Exchange

Colonic ion transport is heterogeneous including the long-accepted spatial separation of absorptive and secretory processes between surface and crypt cells. We recently described the isolation of individual crypts from the rat distal colon that were studied using microperfusion technology. Na-dependent fluid absorption was consistently demonstrated in these crypts during perfusion with a Ringer-like solution; dibutyryl cyclic AMP, VIP and acetylcholine, when added to the bath solution, all induced net fluid secretion. As several morphologic techniques, including immunocytochemistry, failed to provide evidence for the presence of myofibroblasts in the isolated crypt preparation, we propose that a Na-dependent absorptive process is a constitutive transport mechanism in crypt cells, while secretory processes are regulated by the release of one or more neurohumoral agonists from lamina propria cells including myofibroblasts. The mechanism of Na-dependent fluid movement was also studied by determining [H] gradient stimulation of 22Na uptake in isolated apical membrane vesicles (AMV) from crypt cells. In contrast to Na-H exchange in surface cell AMV, Na-H exchange in crypt cells is Cl-dependent. Intracellular pH determined in crypt cells using video-imaging fluorescence microscopy established that the response to an acid load requires both lumen Na and Cl. As a result, these studies have identified a novel Cl-dependent Na-H exchange in crypt AMV that may mediate apical membrane Na uptake and regulate pHi.
Courtship patterns in induced oestrous and natural oestrous domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Ten anoestrous female domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) had estrus artificially induced by injection of porcine follicle stimulating hormone. Pre-copulatory activities were defined, quantitatively analyzed, and compared to the pre-copulatory activities of 10 control females placed with the same male ferrets. Lag sequential analysis was used to prepare the behavioral matrices. Matrices were compared with an equality of proportions test. Courtship patterns between the 2 groups did not differ significantly.
Management of Datura poisoning

To the Editor :We read with interest the review of Datura poisoning,1 however, we question the restriction of physostigmine use to only the most severe or life-threatening cases.Excessive use of ph...
A dual-monoclonal sandwich assay for prostate-specific membrane antigen: levels in tissues, seminal fluid and urine.

BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a 750-residue integral membrane glycoprotein and the target of an in-vivo imaging agent for metastatic prostate carcinoma (PCa). PSMA expression in normal and diseased prostatic tissues has previously been demonstrated by immunohistochemical techniques. In order to quantify PSMA levels in tissue homogenates and physiological fluids, we have developed a dual monoclonal antibody (mAb) sandwich assay which detects the antigen at a sensitivity <1 ng/mL and which is linear across the working range 0–50 ng/mL. METHODS The assay involves capture of the PSMA by a biotinylated mAb (7E11) immobilized onto a streptavidin-coated microtiter plate; this mAb binds to the N-terminus of the antigen. The captured PSMA is detected by an Eu-labelled mAb (PEQ226) which binds in the region corresponding to Residues 134–437 of the antigen. PSMA was purified from LNCaP cells by immunoaffinity chromatography, and used as a calibrator, based on its concentration by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay. RESULTS The assay was applied to a panel of normal and tumor tissues. Levels were highest in the prostate tissues (292–4254 ng/mg protein). Low levels (21–51 ng/mL) were observed in membranes from ovary and breast, and neglible levels (1–10 ng/mg) in membranes from skin, liver, intestine, and kidney. Levels in the corresponding cytosol fractions were 20-to 50-fold lower. The average PSMA level in seminal fluid from 21 donors was 9,012 ng/mL. On average, levels in normal-male urine (3.47 ng/mL) were ten-fold higher than in normal-female urine (0.3 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS This report is the first to describe absolute quantitation of PSMA in tissues and fluids. Congruent with earlier tissue studies based on immunohistochemical staining and Western-blot analysis, prostate tissue membranes expressed the highest levels of PSMA. Prostate 43:150–157, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dirofilaria immitis: Diethylcarbamazine-induced anaphylactoid reactions in infected dogs

The immunopathogenesis of the anaphylactoid Mazzotti reactions has been studied by comparing physiologic and immunologic aspects of diethylcarbamazine-induced shock in Dirofilaria immitis infected dogs with antigen induced anaphylaxis in infected and uninfected controls. Filarial antigen, specific host IgG antibody, and C1 and C3 complement levels were quantitatively measured over time in relation to the levels of histamine and prostaglandin D2 in the blood and changes in mean blood pressure. D. immitis antigen injected into uninfected dogs having no detectable IgG antibody to D. immitis or Toxocara canis produced a rapid drop in blood pressure that paralleled a drop in C1 and C3 levels and an increase in prostaglandin D2. Antigen injected into infected dogs with IgG antibody produced a similar drop in blood pressure and complement and increase in prostaglandin D2 which differed from the uninfected group only in the slower clearance of antigen from the blood. Diethylcarbamazine alone produced no measurable changes in blood pressure or complement in uninfected hosts. Diethylcarbamazine, however, administered into skin test positive infected dogs, produced a temporally slower but quantitatively similar loss in blood pressure, drop in complement, and increase in prostaglandin D2 and histamine to that induced by antigen injection. Complement activation and immune complex formation are initiated by antigen release, and subsequent vasoactive mediator release leads to shock with prostaglandin D2 being quantitatively higher in blood than is histamine.
Chiral symmetry breaking and the quark model

Abstract Baryon chiral symmetry quark model parameters are linked together in a consistent manner leading to mp ∽ mn ∽ 140 MeV, mλ ∽ 670 MeV and c = ϵ8/ϵ0 ∽ −0.8. This includes consideration of baryon octet and decuplet mass splittings, the proton Compton scattering fixed pole, baryon σ terms, and nucleon photoproduction of pions along with a sume rule for gA.
A review of graphical methods for tracer studies and strategies to reduce bias

Graphical techniques provide simple methods for the analysis of data from tracer studies. They provide considerable ease of computation compared to the optimization of individual model parameters in the solution of the differential equations generally used to describe the binding of tracers. The theoretical work of Patlak which was applied to irreversible tracers formed the basis for extensions of graphical techniques to reversibly binding tracers. The advantage of graphical methods is that they are not dependent upon a particular model structure but provide a measure of tracer binding that can be interpreted in terms of a model structure if desired. They provide a visual way to distinguish the type of binding whether reversible or irreversible in the initial studies of new ligands. Conditions under which the graphical techniques can be applied are considered as well as problems encountered with slow binding components. One problem in the use of these methods particularly the method for reversible tracers is the bias generated due to the presence of statistical noise. Some recently proposed techniques for reducing the noise are considered.
Inducers of the heat shock response stimulate phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 activity in mammalian cells.

Although the mammalian heat shock response has been well characterized, the processes that mediate the induction of the response and the regulation of heat shock protein function are not completely understood. We have investigated the potential role in heat-shocked cells of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC), a membrane enzyme activity involved in transmembrane signal transduction. Our studies indicate that heat shock activates PLC in each of seven cell lines, including cells of human, rat, mouse, and hamster origin. Heat shock produced increases in inositol phosphate concentrations comparable in magnitude to those achieved after simulation with growth factors, indicating that heat shock might initiate transmembrane signaling cascades of potential importance in cellular regulation. Common cellular responses to heat and growth factors also included feedback modulation of PLC by its products and the parallel stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity. In addition to heat shocki, other agents that induce the stress response stimulated PLC activity. The data indicate a close correlation between expression of the mammalian heat shock response and stimulation of PLC activity and indicate a possible role for this enzyme activity in the regulation of some aspects of the stress response. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
US Presidential Elections and the Spatial Pattern of the American Second Demographic Transition

This research note is a sequel to an earlier article in this journal (Lesthaeghe and Neidert 2006) in which we documented a strong and robust spatial correlation between the 2000 and 2004 presidential election results on the one hand and the extent to which states and counties had evolved on the “second demographic transition” (SDT) dimension. At that time the critique was voiced that this was an exceptional result valid for the Bush elections only, given the prominence of the “culture war” issues during these election campaigns. This correlation was predicted to shrink substantially if economic issues instead of cultural and life style ones were dominant campaign topics. The 2008 Obama–McCain contest provides a good test for this proposition, since the elections took place at a time when economic issues had risen to great prominence in the debate. In this note we show that the spatial association between the vote for McCain and the county- or state-level values on the SDT dimension remained as strong and as robust as before. Moreover, controls for competing explanations again failed to weaken or eliminate the correlation with the SDT dimension. Instead, anomalies in the correlations in 2004 for several Southern and Appalachian states disappeared in 2008.