cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amitraz effect on the pharmacokinetics of permethrin in Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Topical treatment of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), 3rd instars with amitraz 30 min before topical application of cis - or trans -permethrin14C resulted in a decreased rate of pyrethroid metabolism when compared with larvae treated with the respective pyrethroid alone. Levels of cis -permethrin in the container rinse, insect rinse, and internal fraction combined at 24 h were 79.8 and 65.5% of the recovered radiocarbon in the presence and absence of amitraz, respectively, and those of trans -permethrin were 57.8 and 28.5%, respectively. Amitnlz and certain of its metabolites ( N′ -2,4-dimethylphenyl- N -methylformamidine, 2,4-dimethylformanilide, and 2,4-dimethylaniline) inhibited the degradation of trans -permethrin by homogenates of 5th instars. Perturbation of permethrin pharmacokinetics by amitraz or some of its metabolites, or both, could have contributed to the synergy observed with this formamidine.
‘BOLLYWOOD FLASHBACK’: Hindi film music and the negotiation of identity among British‐Asian youths

The songs that punctuate Hindi films and give them much of their remarkable international appeal are particularly significant sites in the cinema's attempt to deal with challenges to traditional structures of authority. Focusing on spectacular moments of non‐narrative – and often explicitly erotic – pleasure, such songs proffer utopian scenarios within which the tensions raised by the narratives of kinship in crisis that dominate Hindi film are emolliated. It is the moments of melodic fantasy embedded in Hindi film, the song and dance routines which offer these condensed images of reconciliation, that predominantly working class youths in Britain appropriate in order to express the conflicting hopes and fears that characterize their own cosmopolitan identities. In this article, I discuss two of the most important instances of remix culture in Britain over the last decade in order to offer a retrospective take on the uses of Hindi‐language film by second‐generation Asian youths.
Fundamental shifts of central hardwood forests under climate change

Abstract The Central Hardwood Region (CHR) of the United States constitutes one of the most diverse ecoregions in North America and the most extensive temperate deciduous forest in the world. Despite the economic and ecological significance of the CHR, the long-term effects of changes in climate and fire regime on forest structure remain largely unknown. In this study, we developed an integrated Climate-Sensitive Matrix framework to synchronously couple (1) forest dynamics, (2) mean fire interval, (3) population density, and (4) future climate scenarios to study the community and population structure of CHR forests under climate change and associated changes of fire regimes. Using Monte Carlo simulations and coupled forest dynamics-disturbance models, we projected that the CHR would undergo a major shift in forest community structure from the present to year 2100. The fundamental changes would consist of a transition of dominant species from oak and hickory to maple species, reduced species diversity (9.6–11.5%), and substantial declines in stand basal area (55.1–62.0%) and stand volume (56.3–62.4%). These projected changes will have profound ecological and economic implications. Ecologically, changes in tree species diversity favoring maples would alter ecosystem processing of nutrients and subsequent nutrient flows to drainage waters within the region. Habitat change would alter the broad spectrum of organisms relying on the forest, leading to a redistribution of wildlife species, further heightening the risks for endangered species. Economically, the total stumpage value throughout the CHR would be reduced by 54.5–59.8% from approximately $1317 billion to $529–599 billion. On the brink of these fundamental shifts, our study calls for ecologically- and economically-informed conservation and mitigation strategies to better prepare society for the associated changes in ecosystem services and economic benefits derived from CHR forests.
Advances in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is becoming widely used for the treatment of symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in patients with high surgical risk. Data from The PARTNER Trial (Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves) and the Medtronic CoreValve® U.S. Pivotal Investigational Device Exemption trial indicate that survival for extreme-risk patients is superior to best medical therapy and equivalent or superior to surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), although long-term durability remains unknown. Paravalvular leak remains higher in TAVR than SAVR, as does permanent pacemaker implantation in self-expanding valves. New-generation valves are addressing these issues, especially for paravalvular leak. There is strong evidence that TAVR is appropriate for both extreme-risk and high-risk patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, and the continued development of new valves are making implantation more reliable. This review discusses the studies supporting the use of TAVR and explores current advances in the field.
Improving Technical Communication Group Projects: An Experimental Study of Media Synchronicity Theory Training on Communication Outcomes

This article reports the results of an experiment that was conducted to determine the impact of media synchronicity theory (MST) training on media-fit behavior, communication quantity, communicatio...
Radiocarbon Dating: Development of a Nobel Method

This chapter reviews the key events associated with the development of the radiocarbon (14C) dating method immediately following World War II by Willard F. Libby (1909–1980) and his collaborators, James R. Arnold (1923–2013), and Ernest C. Anderson (1920–2013). It also considers the historical background and earlier discoveries that Libby and others drew upon in forming the concepts that he employed in developing this technique. Libby received the 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for, in the words of the Nobel citation, his “method to use Carbon-14 for age determinations in archeology, geology, geophysics and other sciences.”
Fairy Godmothers > Robots The Influence of Televised Gender Stereotypes and Counter-Stereotypes on Girls’ Perceptions of STEM

The present study, grounded in gender schema theory, employed a posttest experimental design to examine how television might influence girls’ perceptions of STEM (science, technology, engineering, ...
Beyond Natriuretic Peptides for Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with an enormous societal burden in terms of cost and morbidity and mortality. Natriuretic peptide (NP) testing is now widely used to support diagnosis, prognostication, and management of patients with HF, but NPs come with limitations, including vulnerability to the presence of obesity, atrial fibrillation, and renal dysfunction, for example. Beyond the NPs, novel biomarkers may supplement traditional clinical and laboratory testing to improve understanding of the complex disease process of HF, and possibly to personalize care for those affected through better individual phenotyping. CONTENT: In this review we discuss novel biomarkers by dividing them into categories based on major pathophysiologic pathways they represent including myocardial stretch/stress, cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling, cardiomyocyte injury/death, oxidative stress, inflammation, neurohumoral activation, and renal dysfunction. SUMMARY: Given the limitations of NPs, along with the complex physiology in HF, it is logical to consider utilization of novel biomarkers providing orthogonal biological and clinical information. Several novel HF biomarkers have shown promise but have substantial expectations to meet before being used clinically. Nonetheless, it is reasonable to expect the future lies in the application of multibiomarker panels for the improvement in management of HF and the personalization of care.
Water and Los Angeles: A Tale of Three Rivers, 1900-1941

Los Angeles rose to significance in the first half of the twentieth century by way of its complex relationship to three rivers: the Los Angeles, the Owens, and the Colorado. The remarkable urban and suburban trajectory of southern California since then cannot be fully understood without reference to the ways in which each of these three river systems came to be connected to the future of the metropolitan region. This history of growth must be understood in full consideration of all three rivers and the challenges and opportunities they presented to those who would come to make Los Angeles a global power. Full of primary sources and original documents, Water and Los Angeles will be of interest to both students of Los Angeles and general readers interested in the origins of the city. “This is an invaluable new source book by two preeminent authorities on Los Angeles history.” STEVEN P. ERIE, University of California, San Diego “Energized by a conviction of geography as destiny, this innovative docudrama of primary sources reveals the process whereby the Colorado River system propelled the urbanization of the American West. Water and Los Angeles constitutes a breakthrough fusion of environmental, engineering, urban, and political perspectives.” KEVIN STARR, University of Southern California “This book offers an accessible, readable account of the importance of rivers to the development of modern Los Angeles.” SARAH SCHRANK, Professor of History, California State University, Long Beach “Through a history of Los Angeles and the three rivers that helped to create it, this volume crosses several areas of scholarship to create an original and valuable contribution to research and teaching.” NICOLAS G. ROSENTHAL, author of Reimagining Indian Country: Native American Migration and Identity in Twentieth-Century Los Angeles WILLIAM DEVERELL is Professor of History at the University of California and Director of the Huntington-USC Institute on California and the West. TOM SITTON is a curator emeritus of history from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Together, they are authors of California Progressive Revisited and Metropolis in the Making .
Liquefaction Evidence for Strong Holocene Earthquake(S) in the Wabash Valley of Indiana-Illinois

We have discovered hundreds of planar, nearly vertical sand- and gravel-filled dikes that we interpret to have been caused by earthquake-induced liquefaction in the Wabash Valley of Indiana- Illinois. These dikes range in width from a few cm to as much as 2.5 m. The largest dikes are centered about the general area of Vincennes, Indiana; they decrease in size and abundance to the north and south of this area. Preliminary studies indicate the high possibility that many, if not all, of the dikes were formed by a single large earthquake that took place in the Vincennes area sometime between 2,500 and 7,500 years ago. The severity of ground shaking required to have formed the dikes far exceeds the strongest level of shaking of any earthquake in the central United States since the 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes.
Descriptive and Temporal Saltiness Perception Properties of Model Solid Lipoproteic Colloid Foods—Implications for Sodium Reduction

Solid lipoproteic colloid (SLC) foods that consist of an oil-in-water emulsion of lipid and protein such as cheese and sausage contribute a significant amount of sodium to modern diets. This study aimed to correlate the overall saltiness perception to the texture and temporal saltiness perception of SLCs to understand saltiness perception during oral processing. Model SLCs with varying levels of protein and fat were prepared via pressure homogenization of whey protein isolate, anhydrous milk fat, and NaCl, followed by heat-induced gelation. Descriptive sensory analysis (DSA) and time-intensity (TI) method were used to characterize the sensory profiles and the temporal saltiness perception properties of the SLCs, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis of the DSA results showed that the samples were grouped based on the formulation and the homogenization pressures. The maximum saltiness intensity in the TI curves increased with decreasing contents of protein and fat and decreasing homogenization pressures. The PCA and cluster analysis of the taste and texture attributes from the DSA and the TI parameters showed that the nonfat samples were clustered together, characterized by the DSA salty taste, syneresis texture, and the TI initial saltiness intensity. When only fat-containing samples were analyzed, the DSA salty attribute correlated significantly with the texture attributes of fracturable and syneresis. The dependence of saltiness perception on the texture properties of the nonfat and fat-containing samples discovered in this study provided insights for the future development of reduced-sodium products.
Childhood Familial Victimization: An Exploration of Gender and Sexual Identity Using the Scale of Negative Family Interactions:

Familial violence poses a serious public health concern and has therefore received a considerable amount of attention from academics and practitioners alike. Research within this field has found that parent-to-parent and parent-to-child violence often occur simultaneously and are especially prevalent within households that suffer from social and environmental stressors. Sibling violence and its relationship to these other forms of familial violence has received considerably less attention, largely related to the widely held belief that sibling violence is natural, especially for boys. Using the Scale of Negative Family Interactions (SNFI), parent-to-child and sibling-to-sibling violence is investigated. Specifically, the relationship between participants' gender and sexual identities and their reports of familial violence are explored to better understand participants' gendered and sexed experiences. Data suggest that gender and sexual minorities may have a unique experience of familial violence, although further research is needed in this area.
Diagnosing candidemia with the T2Candida panel: an instructive case of septic shock in which blood cultures were negative.

Abstract T2Candida that was positive for C. albicans/C. tropicalis supported antifungal treatment of a patient with hematogenously disseminated candidiasis and septic shock in whom blood cultures were negative. T2Candida, used and interpreted as a Bayesian biomarker, can identify patients with candidemia who are missed by blood cultures, including those receiving antifungal treatment.
Glassy-electret random access memory - A naturally nanoscale memory concept

The self-heating effect (SHE) is a growing problem for decananometer CMOS and beyond with substantial efforts dedicated to mitigation. Here, we present a new memory concept which instead requires SHE exacerbation. As such, this memory concept is naturally suitable for extreme scaling. Preliminary result of this memory concept is demonstrated with an external heater as the SHE surrogates.
Deacylcortivazol, a Potent Glucocorticoid with Unusual Structure and Unusual Anti-Leukemic Cell Activity

The currently accepted dogma of steroid action states that the structure required for potent glucocorticoid action must at least contain the pregna-4-ene-11β-o1-3,20-dione skeleton. This structure presumably is necessary for the steroid to fit in its binding site on specific glucocorticoid receptors.1,2 This steroid-receptor interaction is widely accepted as the first of a series of molecular events which determine specific steroid-induced cellular reponses.3,4 Bulky substituents on the A-ring have been reported to decrease this activity.1,2,5 We were therefore intrigued to find brief mention in the literature of a group of pyrazolo-steroids with extremely high anti-inflammatory activity despite the presence of bulky A-ring substituents and the absence of the 3-keto group.6–8 Because of this interesting structure we decided to examine this type of steroid for its interaction with glucocorticoid receptors and for its potency as a glucocorticoid. We were able to take advantage of two well-studied tissue culture cell systems available in our laboratory. These have permitted examination of two phenotypically different aspects of glucocorticoid action: a classic hepatic glucocorticoid response, the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT); and the lympholysis of T-derived leukemic lymphoblasts. Our findings show that these pyrazolo-steroids are extremely potent glucocorticoids and that they bind tightly to glucocorticoid receptors. Our studies also point up the occasional inadequacy of standard cell-free competitive receptor binding assays for demonstrating the proper affinity relationships between steroids. Such assays do not reflect the high potency of the pyrazolo-steroids. However, whole cell binding assays carried out at 37°C more nearly do so, as the data below will show.
Generalizations of the Theorem of Ceva

In these paragraphs one presents three generalizations of the famous theorem of Ceva, which states:
Docking Methods for Structure-Based Library Design

The drug discovery process mainly relies on the experimental high-throughput screening of huge compound libraries in their pursuit of new active compounds. However, spiraling research and development costs and unimpressive success rates have driven the development of more rational, efficient, and cost-effective methods. With the increasing availability of protein structural information, advancement in computational algorithms, and faster computing resources, in silico docking-based methods are increasingly used to design smaller and focused compound libraries in order to reduce screening efforts and costs and at the same time identify active compounds with a better chance of progressing through the optimization stages. This chapter is a primer on the various docking-based methods developed for the purpose of structure-based library design. Our aim is to elucidate some basic terms related to the docking technique and explain the methodology behind several docking-based library design methods. This chapter also aims to guide the novice computational practitioner by laying out the general steps involved for such an exercise. Selected successful case studies conclude this chapter.
Reward and Punishment Sensitivity and Emotion Regulation Processes Differentiate Bipolar and Unipolar Depression

Bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) cannot be reliably differentiated by depression symptom expression alone, suggesting a need to identify processes that may more effectively differentiate the two disorders. To explore this question, currently depressed adults with BD (n = 30) and MDD (n = 30), and healthy control participants with no history of psychiatric illness (CTL; n = 30), completed self-report measures of reward and punishment sensitivity (i.e., behavioral activation and inhibition) and emotion regulation processes (i.e., rumination and avoidance). Results revealed that constructs putatively linked to depression across the mood disorders (i.e., behavioral inhibition, negative rumination, dampening of positive affect, behavioral and experiential avoidance) were significantly higher in both mood disorder groups compared to CTLs. Yet there was also some specificity between mood disorder groups, such that the BD group reported significantly greater reward responsiveness and positive rumination, in addition to greater behavioral inhibition and avoidance, compared to the MDD group. These data suggest that patterns of affective responding previously linked to underlying risk for mania in BD may remain evident during a major depressive episode. Further, current models of reward sensitivity in BD may benefit from the inclusion of punishment sensitivity and behavioral avoidance, particularly with respect to bipolar depression.
Kinetics in Materials Science and Engineering

"A pedagogical gem…. Professor Readey replaces ‘black-box’ explanations with detailed, insightful derivations. A wealth of practical application examples and exercise problems complement the exhaustive coverage of kinetics for all material classes." –Prof. Rainer Hebert, University of Connecticut "Prof. Readey gives a grand tour of the kinetics of materials suitable for experimentalists and modellers…. In an easy-to-read and entertaining style, this book leads the reader to fundamental, model-based understanding of kinetic processes critical to development, fabrication and application of commercially-important soft (polymers, biomaterials), hard (ceramics, metals) and composite materials. It is a must-have for anyone who really wants to understand how to make materials and how they will behave in service." --Prof. Bill Lee, Imperial College London, Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering "A much needed text filing the gap between an introductory course in materials science and advanced materials-specific kinetics courses. Ideal for the undergraduate interested in an in-depth study of kinetics in materials." –Prof. Mark E. Eberhart, Colorado School of Mines This book provides an in-depth introduction to the most important kinetic concepts in materials science, engineering, and processing. All types of materials are addressed, including metals, ceramics, polymers, electronic materials, biomaterials, and composites. The expert author with decades of teaching and practical experience gives a lively and accessible overview, explaining the principles that determine how long it takes to change material properties and make new and better materials. The chapters cover a broad range of topics extending from the heat treatment of steels, the processing of silicon integrated microchips, and the production of cement, to the movement of drugs through the human body. The author explicitly avoids "black box" equations, providing derivations with clear explanations.
Intracranial EEG reveals bihemispheric parietal and extra-parietal brain networks supporting mental arithmetic

Mathematical reasoning is central to everyday life. Lesion data and functional MRI studies suggest that even simple arithmetic involves the coordination of multiple spatially diverse brain regions, but to date, math processing has not been well characterized using direct brain recordings, especially outside of the parietal cortex. To address this, we utilized an unparalleled data set of 310 subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of arithmetic reasoning. Our data support the importance of regions previously implicated in numerosity such as the superior parietal lobule and intraparietal sulcus. However, we also identify contributions to arithmetic processing from regions such as the entorhinal cortex and temporal pole. Using the excellent bihemispheric coverage afforded by our data set and the precise temporal resolution of intracranial recordings, we characterize in detail the spatial and temporal characteristics of an arithmetic processing network, quantifying subtle hemispheric differences for selected regions. We also examine how activity in these regions predicts arithmetic ability and look for gender differences in the pattern of network activation. Our findings further define the complex network of regions involved in human arithmetical reasoning.
In vitro activity of oritavancin alone or in combination against vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci

Objectives The optimal treatment for serious infections due to Enterococcus spp. is unknown although combination antimicrobial therapy is often recommended for invasive infections to achieve bactericidal activity and improve clinical outcomes. Oritavancin is a novel lipoglycopeptide agent with in vitro activity against enterococci, including vancomycin-resistant VanA-type Enterococcus faecium. Data on its activity in combination with other antibacterials are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of oritavancin alone and in combination with ceftriaxone, daptomycin, gentamicin, linezolid and rifampicin against vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant enterococci in in vitro time-kill analyses. Methods Five enterococcal strains were used for all experiments: three vancomycin-resistant VanA-type E. faecium clinical bloodstream isolates, vancomycin-resistant VanA-type E. faecium ATCC 700221 and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Individual drugs were tested at ¼, ½, 1, 2 and 4× MIC. Oritavancin combination experiments were performed with each agent at ¼× MIC. Results Daptomycin was the most active single agent and was bactericidal against all strains at 4× MIC, followed by oritavancin, which was bactericidal against all three clinical VRE strains at ≥2× MIC. In combination experiments at ¼× MIC, oritavancin was synergistic with gentamicin against strains not displaying high-level aminoglycoside resistance. No other synergy against VRE strains was observed in any experiment. Strain- and drug-dependent antagonism was observed for many combinations. Conclusions These in vitro data do not support the routine use of combination therapy with oritavancin in the treatment of infections due to VRE.
The Fainting Assessment Inventory: A 10-Item Instrument Developed to Screen for Psychogenic Nonsyncopal Collapse Among Youth Referred for Syncope

The conversion disorder that appears like syncope is common but poorly recognized. The study aimed to develop and validate a brief, clinician-administered screening tool to discriminate psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (PNSC) among young patients referred for fainting. Consecutive patients with PNSC and with syncope (15.4 ± 2.2 years) completed a 92-item inventory highlighting features typical of PNSC and neurally mediated syncope (n = 35, each cohort). Fourteen items were retained and revised and then administered to new cohorts ultimately diagnosed with PNSC or syncope (n = 40, each cohort). Further revision led to a 10-item Fainting Assessment Inventory (FAI-10). Scoring the syncope ratings positively and the PNSC ratings negatively, median scores differed between cohorts with PNSC and with syncope (-6 vs. 7; p < 0.001). Diagnostic sensitivity (0.95), specificity (0.875), positive predictive value (0.889), negative predictive value (0.93), and area under the curve (0.973) were calculated. The FAI-10 furthers clinicians' ability to distinguish various forms of transient loss of consciousness.
Association of Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography With Subsequent Change in Clinical Management Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia.

Importance Amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) detects amyloid plaques in the brain, a core neuropathological feature of Alzheimer disease. Objective To determine if amyloid PET is associated with subsequent changes in the management of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia of uncertain etiology. Design, Setting, and Participants The Imaging Dementia—Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) study was a single-group, multisite longitudinal study that assessed the association between amyloid PET and subsequent changes in clinical management for Medicare beneficiaries with MCI or dementia. Participants were required to meet published appropriate use criteria stating that etiology of cognitive impairment was unknown, Alzheimer disease was a diagnostic consideration, and knowledge of PET results was expected to change diagnosis and management. A total of 946 dementia specialists at 595 US sites enrolled 16 008 patients between February 2016 and September 2017. Patients were followed up through January 2018. Dementia specialists documented their diagnosis and management plan before PET and again 90 (±30) days after PET. Exposures Participants underwent amyloid PET at 343 imaging centers. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary end point was change in management between the pre- and post-PET visits, as assessed by a composite outcome that included Alzheimer disease drug therapy, other drug therapy, and counseling about safety and future planning. The study was powered to detect a 30% or greater change in the MCI and dementia groups. One of 2 secondary end points is reported: the proportion of changes in diagnosis (from Alzheimer disease to non–Alzheimer disease and vice versa) between pre- and post-PET visits. Results Among 16 008 registered participants, 11 409 (71.3%) completed study procedures and were included in the analysis (median age, 75 years [interquartile range, 71-80]; 50.9% women; 60.5% with MCI). Amyloid PET results were positive in 3817 patients with MCI (55.3%) and 3154 patients with dementia (70.1%). The composite end point changed in 4159 of 6905 patients with MCI (60.2% [95% CI, 59.1%-61.4%]) and 2859 of 4504 patients with dementia (63.5% [95% CI, 62.1%-64.9%]), significantly exceeding the 30% threshold in each group (P Conclusions and Relevance Among Medicare beneficiaries with MCI or dementia of uncertain etiology evaluated by dementia specialists, the use of amyloid PET was associated with changes in clinical management within 90 days. Further research is needed to determine whether amyloid PET is associated with improved clinical outcomes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT02420756
Impact of 3 Eggs/day on the Plasma Lipidome of Young, Healthy Adults (OR19-04-19)

Objectives Intake of eggs and other lipid-rich foods has been a controversial topic for many years. However, some studies support the notion that regular intake of eggs and other lipid-rich foods does not increase biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and may even promote reductions in disease risk. Despite this consensus, the effect of such lipid-rich foods on plasma concentrations of other lipid metabolites remains unexamined.
Outpatient chemotherapy supportive care: Trial of an IT-integrated, NP-delivered system for unrelieved symptoms.

9137 Background: We tested an automated computer based remote monitoring system paired with nurse practitioner (NP) follow up using a case management system to address unrelieved symptoms. Methods:...
1943 Resident Preparedness for Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Nationwide Survey of Senior OB/GYN Residents

Study Objective Evaluate the readiness of senior U.S. Ob/Gyn residents to perform minimally invasive surgery. Furthermore, we specifically hope to evaluate their readiness to perform complex minimally invasive gynecologic surgery as well as their perceptions of the minimally invasive gynecologic surgery subspecialty Design Nationwide survey study Setting U.S. accredited Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs Patients or Participants United States senior (3rd and 4th year) Ob/Gyn residents Interventions Voluntary participation in a 58-item survey Measurements and Main Results We received 158 survey responses with 84 (53.2%) responses coming from 4th year residents and 74 (46.8%) responses from 3rd year residents. The majority of resident respondents graduated from an allopathic medical school (139; 88%), identify as female (129, 81.6%), and are attending an Academic-University based program (96, 60.8%). The majority of respondents (67.7%) have not and do not plan on applying for a surgical fellowship in Ob/Gyn. Overall, the majority of residents (71.5%) feel their residency training adequately prepared them to be a competent minimally invasive surgeon. However, only 50% feel prepared to perform a laparoscopic hysterectomy on a uterus greater than 12 weeks size, and 12% feel prepared to offer a laparoscopic hysterectomy for a uterus above the umbilicus. Less than one-third of residents (29%) feel prepared to offer a vaginal hysterectomy on a uterus 12-week size or greater, and only 17% of residents feel comfortable performing a laparoscopic myomectomy. For endometriosis surgery 76% of senior residents do not feel prepared to offer excisional surgery. Of the residents not interested in a surgical fellowship 45% do not plan on referring complex gynecologic cases to a fellowship trained minimally invasive surgeon. Conclusion The overwhelming majority of senior U.S. Ob/Gyn residents do not feel prepared to provide minimally invasive surgery for complex gynecologic cases. Despite this discomfort nearly half of these residents do not plan on referring their patients to a competent minimally invasive surgeon.
Site-Specific Sediment Deposition Model for Dredging Planning: Case Study of Olmsted Locks and Dam

Abstract This study develops a site-specific analysis of sediment transport for the in-the-wet construction of Olmsted Locks and Dam on the Ohio River using the HEC-RAS model. Results from the anal...
Efficient prediction of concentrating solar power plant productivity using data clustering

Abstract Concentrating solar power (CSP) plants convert solar energy to electricity and can be deployed with a thermal storage capability to shift electricity generation from time periods with available solar resource to those with high electricity demand or electricity price. Rigorous optimization of plant design and operational strategies can improve the market-competitiveness and commercial viability; however, such optimization may require hundreds of annual performance simulations, each of which can be computationally expensive when including considerations such as optimization of dispatch scheduling, sub-hourly time resolution, and stochastic effects due to uncertain weather or electricity price forecasts. This paper proposes a methodology to reduce the computational burden associated with simulation of electricity yield and revenue for CSP plants over a single- or multi-year period. Data-clustering techniques are employed to select a small number of limited-duration time blocks for simulation that, when appropriately weighted, can reproduce generation and revenue over a single year or within each year of a multi-year period. After selection of appropriate data features and weighting factors defining similarity between time-series profiles, the methodology captured annual revenue within 2.3%, 1.7%, or 1.2% using simulation of 10, 30, or 50 three-day exemplar time blocks, respectively, for each of three single-year location/weather/market scenarios and five plant configurations ranging from low to high solar multiple and storage capacity. When applied to multi-year datasets, the proposed methodology can capture inter-year variability that is unavailable from typical meteorological year (TMY) datasets while simultaneously requiring simulation of less than a single year of data.
Pathology of Chronic Pancreatitis

The pathology of alcoholic pancreatitis has been studied in great detail. The earliest changes are the deposition of protein plugs within pancreatic ductules.1 At first, protein plugs are deposited in random fashion within some lobules but not in others, but eventually this process becomes relatively diffuse. Various histologic abnormalities follow the deposition of enzymic protein in the form of plugs and probably occur on the basis of other toxic effects of alcohol as yet not clarified.1–5 At points of contact with proteinaceous material, ductal epithelium may undergo squamous metaplasia and ulceration. Inspissation of protein plugs causes ductular dilatation followed by acinar atrophy. An inflammatory process may occur in the interstitium. Eventually, a considerable amount of fibrous tissue is deposited in the vicinity of pancreatic ducts, between pancreatic lobules, and within lobules cleaving acinar tissue. As this process becomes more extensive, acinar tissue may disappear leaving dense scar tissue associated with a scant number of inflammatory cells. Pancreatic ducts may be widely dilated as a result of obstruction by protein plugs or intraductal stones (Figure 30). At times, however, pancreatic ducts are widely dilated with no apparent major obstruction.
A genetic comparison of three forms of the waterhyacinth, eichhornia crassipes

Abstract Three groups of waterhyacinths (small, ca 15 cm tall; medium, 45–60 cm, and “super”, 90–120 cm) were compared by using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis and examining the root tips of healthy plants. Banding patterns for seven isozyme systems were examined and a total of 14 consistent and reproducible zones of electrophoretic activity were observed on the gels. Based upon these data, no discernable differences existed amongst the three forms, despite the disparity of size and their occurrence in different environments.
Cimetidine and Pulmonary Hypertension

Recently Chhattriwalla et al1 reported the use of cimetidine, a competitive antagonist to H2 histamine receptors, for treatment of reflux esophagitis and gastroduodenal ulcer disease in neonates. The authors correctly point out that the only common major side effect to this drug in adults, seen primarily with chronic administration, is a state of mental confusion.2 However, we feel it is important to point out that there is one major contraindication to cimetidine in neonates which we would not expect to find in adults or children.
Caulobacter crescentus Mutants with Short Stalks

Abstract Limitation of inorganic phosphate in the culture medium allows stalk elongation in wild-type Caulobacter crescentus. Mutants unable to form long stalks were isolated.
A committed hemopoietic precursor to innate lymphoid cells (HEM3P.277)

Innate lymphoid cells specialize in the rapid secretion of polarized sets of cytokines and chemokines to combat infection and promote tissue repair at mucosal barriers. Their growing diversity and close similarities with previously characterized NK and LTi cells have prompted a provisional classification of all innate lymphocytes into groups 1, 2 and 3 based solely on cytokine properties. Elucidating their development pathways is essential to resolve their lineage relationships and dissect their respective functions in disease and homeostasis. Using lineage tracing and transfer studies, we identified and characterized a novel subset of lymphoid precursors in fetal liver and adult bone marrow that transiently expressed high amounts of PLZF, a transcription factor previously associated with NKT cell development. PLZF-high precursors were committed ILC progenitors with multiple ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 lineage differentiation potential at the clonal level. They excluded classical LTi and NK cells, but included a peculiar subset of NK1.1+ DX5- ‘NK-like’ cells residing in the liver. Deletion of PLZF markedly altered the frequency and function of several ILC subsets, but did not affect LTi or NK cells. These findings establish novel lineage relationships between ILC, NK and LTi cells and identify the elusive precursor to ILC, termed ILCP. They also reveal the broad, defining role of PLZF in the differentiation of innate lymphocytes.
Glycoprotein Biosynthesis: Purification and Properties of Glycoprotein

A glycoprotein :N-acetylglucosamine transferase utilizing endogenous acceptors and a fetuin: N-acetylglucosamine transferase utilizing a defined exogenous fetuin acceptor from which sialic acid, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine had been removed were characterized from guinea pig liver. Both glycoprotein :N-acetylglucosamine systems used UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as substrate, required Mn++ and had optimum pH of 5.4. Both enzyme systems were solubilized by extraction of the liver with 0.1% Triton X-100. The fetuin :N-acetylglucosamine transferase was separated from endogenous acceptors and purified more than 24-fold on Sephadex G-200. The endogenous system had a Km of 0.6 μM and the exogenous fetuin :N-acetylglucosamine transferase had a Km of 3.8 μM with respect to N-[14C]acetylglucosamine. The fetuin :N-acetylglucosamine transferase was highly specific; 11 glycoproteins and 20 mono- and disaccharides and amino acids were negative when tested for acceptor activity. The fetuin :N-acetylglucosamine transferase did not transfer any other nucleotide diphosphate sugar onto the acceptor; even UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine was not transferred. It appeared that the exogenous and endogenous systems may well be identical except that the endogenous acceptor was removed during purification of the enzyme.
The membrane paradigm for black-hole astrophysics.

In the 1960s and early 1970s most theoretical research on black holes was devoted to understanding their fundamental properties: Does the gravitational collapse of a star with weak, generic perturbations from spherical symmetry produce a black hole? [Yes.] Once a black hole forms and settles down into a stationary, equilibrium state, what is its spacetime metric? [The Kerr metric] Are all such Kerr black holes stable against small perturbations? [Probably yes.] Are there necessarily spacetime singularities inside black holes? [Yes.] What are the general laws that govern the changes in a black hole as it evolves, due to interaction with the external universe, from one Kerr equilibrium state to another? [The four laws of black-hole dynamics.] ... .
Dioxane Treatment to Improve Microbial Digestibility of Cellulosic Fibers

The hemicelluloses of grass seed straws can be extracted rather completely by acid detergent, but the treated residue (acid-detergent fiber) is normally not digested by rumen microorganisms. This residue can be made digestible if it is treated with acidic dioxane.
Models of inflammation: Carrageenan- or complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced edema and hypersensitivity in the rat

Animal models of inflammation are used to assess the production of inflammatory mediators at sites of inflammation, the anti-inflammatory properties of agents such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the efficacy of putative analgesic compounds in reversing cutaneous hypersensitivity. This unit details methods to elicit and measure carrageenan- and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced cutaneous inflammation. Due to possible differences between the dorsal root sensory system and the trigeminal sensory system, injections of either the footpad or vibrissal pad are described. In this manner, cutaneous inflammation can be assessed in tissue innervated by the lumbar dorsal root ganglion neurons (footpad) and by the trigeminal ganglion neurons (vibrissal pad).
Structure of the lithium insertion compound Li2Fe2(MoO4)3 from neutron powder diffraction data

Abstract The structure of Li2Fe2(MoO4)3 has been determined by a profile refinement of neutron powder diffraction data. Li2Fe2(MoO4)3 was prepared at ambient temperature by the reaction of solid ferric molybdate, Fe2(MoO4)3, with a LiI/acetonitrile solution. The title compound is orthorhombic with a = 12.8947(5), b = 9.4957(4), and c = 9.3477(3) A , in the space group Pbcn. Its structure is related to that of garnet and langbeinite with corner-sharing Fe2+O6 octahedra and Mo6+O4 tetrahedra. The lithium ions reside in general positions and these sites are ordered and fully occupied. Lithium is tetrahedrally coordinated to oxygen by bridging the edges of two FeO6 octahedra. Bond valence calculations are entirely consistent with the structure.
First-Principles Calculations of Cluster Densities of States and Short-Range Order in Ag c Pd 1-c Alloys

Calculations of the densities of states associated with a particular local configuration of atoms in a substitutionally disordered alloy are reported. An application to ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{c}{\mathrm{Pd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}c}$ alloys yields detailed information about charge transfer and short-range order in these alloys.
Effects of multiple maltreatment experiences among psychiatrically hospitalized youth.

Abstract Objective Relying on indicators coded from information collected routinely during intake assessments at a secure inpatient psychiatric facility, this study examined the extent to which different forms of maltreatment accounted for variations in youths’ emotional and behavioral problems. Methods Clinical information was reviewed for a large ( N = 401) and diverse sample (mean age = 13.9 years; 53% male; 54.6% racial/ethnic minority) of youth admitted to a publicly funded psychiatric hospital. Data were drawn from intake narratives, standardized psychopathology rating scales, and psychiatric diagnostic ratings. Results Findings provide some support for a hierarchical classification of multiple maltreatment experiences with sexual abuse identified as the specific form of maltreatment most reliably associated with poor adjustment. Support also was obtained for a cumulative classification approach, as the number of different types of maltreatment experiences was linked positively to elevated psychopathology ratings. Conclusions Even in this high-risk, atypical sample, maltreatment experiences account for variation in levels of psychopathology. These results have implications for classifying multiple maltreatment and enhancing clinical care for atypical youth who have been maltreated. Practice implications Clinicians working in youth psychiatric populations should implement maltreatment-specific psychotherapy approaches for maltreated youth, even as adjunctive treatments in a therapeutic milieu.
An approach to the treatment of severe adult respiratory failure

Abstract Objectives :The purpose of this article is to evaluate outcome in adult patients with severe respiratory failure managed with an approach using (1) limitation of end inspiratory pressure, (2) inverse ratio ventilation, (3) titration of PEEP by Svo2, (4) intermittent prone positioning, (5) limitation of Fio2, (6) diuresis, (7) transfusion, and (8) extracorporeal life support (ECLS) if patients failed to respond. Patients and Methods :This study was designed as a retrospective review in the intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital. One-hundred forty-one consecutive patients with hypoxic (n = 135) or hypercarbic (n = 6) respiratory failure referred for consideration of ECLS between 1990 and 1996. Overall, initial Pao2/Fio2 (P/F) ratio was 75 ± 5 (median = 66). Results :Lung recovery occurred in 67% of patients and 62% survived. Forty-one patients improved without ECLS (83% survived): 100 did not and were supported with ECLS (54% survived). Survival was greater in patients cannulated within 12 hours of arrival (59%) compared with those cannulated after 12 hours (40%, P Conclusions :An approach that emphasizes lung protection and early implementation of extracorporeal life support is associated with high rates of survival in patients with severe respiratory failure.
Gesture-Tracking in Real Time with Dynamic Regional Range Computation

This paper presents a new approach to the range data utilization in a gesture-tracking system. The use of three-dimensional data is essential for human motion analysis; however, the speed of complete range estimation prohibits from including it in most real-time systems. This work describes a gesture-tracking system using real-time local range on-demand. The system represents a gesture-controlled interface for interactive visual exploration of large data sets. The paper describes a method performing range processing only when necessary and where necessary. Range data is processed only for non-static regions of interest. This is accomplished by a set of filters on the color, motion, and range data. The speed-up achieved is between 1.70 and 2.15. The algorithm also includes a robust skin-color segmentation insensitive to illumination changes. Selective range processing results in dynamic regional range images that contain only information needed by the system.
Effect of heating titanium above the α,β-transition temperature on surface morphology

This letter reports morphological changes that have been observed upon heating titanium in an argon atmosphere. These surface structural changes are attributed in part to the transition of titanium from the hexagonal closed-packed (h c p) structure of the α-phase to the body-centred-cubic (b c c) structure of the β-phase and, therefore, would most probably affect the adherence of the glass-titanium seal