cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Air-gaps Flashover Characteristics for 1000kV AC Compact Tower

In order to get the air-gap characteristics parameters of tower for 1000 kV AC compact transmission line,and to supply a base of project design in the future,we experimentally studied the flashover characteristics of 'V' string air-gaps at the standard switching impulse voltage,long wave-front(1000 μs) switching impulse voltage,and standard lightning impulse voltage,by adopting full scale tower window.By the test,we got several important air-gap flashover characteristics curves.According to the test results and the overvoltage simulation conclusion,we analyzed the insulation co-ordination problem and suggested the minimum safe insulation air-gaps.Under the premise of enough external insulation safety in operation,the conclusion can be used to optimize the tower design and reduce the project cost.
Management of renal cell carcinoma with vena caval thrombi via cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest

Cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest allows safe and effective removal of renal tumors with extensive thrombi involving the vena cava under controlled circumstances without permanent side effects. The technique averts extensive dissection of the inferior vena cava and occlusion of major vessels while providing up to 60 minutes of safe operating time in a bloodless field and complete visibility of the interior of the vena cava. Adjunctive procedures for tumor excision or cardiac revascularization can be performed at the same time without increased operative risk.
Nutrient digestibilities of a corn-soybean meal diet as influenced by Bacillus products fed to finishing swine.

Twelve crossbred barrows (initial BW of 59.7 kg) were used in nutrient balance trials to investigate the influence of adding two Bacillus products (Biomate 2B and Pelletmate Livestock, Chr. Hansen's Biosytems) to a 14% CP corn-soybean meal diet (.64% lysine, .6% Ca and .5% P). A 3 x 3 Latin-square design with an extra period was used. Treatments were as follows: 1) basal diet; 2) basal + Biomate 2B (BAC1); and 3) basal + Pelletmate Livestock (BAC2). After a 7-d adaptation to metabolism crates, each 10-d period consisted of 5 d of diet adjustment followed by 4 d of total collection and 1 d for change-over. Both BAC1 and BAC2 were added at a level of .05% to supply approximately 3 million colony forming units per gram of diet. Pigs were fed twice daily at a daily rate of 3.2 to 3.5% of BW. Feeding BAC1 or BAC2 elevated (P .10) when BAC1 was fed. The number of lactic acid bacteria was increased (P .10) when BAC2 was fed. Body weights were similar among all treatments for all periods. There was no carry-over or pretreatment effect (P = .50). Digestibility coefficients of DM, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, and N and retention of N were not affected (P = .40) by feeding Bacillus products.
Endoscopic management of benign sinonasal tumors: a decade of experience.

BackgroundA variety of benign tumors present in the nasal and paranasal sinuses.MethodsWe review our experience over the last 10 years with endoscopic management of these tumors and discuss present...
The Effect of Heat Treatment of Whole Cottonseed on Site and Extent of Protein Digestion in Dairy Cows

Six mature Holstein cows in late lactation and fitted with permanent ruminal, duodenal and ideal cannulae were used in a double 3 X 3 Latin-square design to study the effect of roasting or extruding of cottonseed on protein degradation in the rumen and availability of amino acids in the small intestine. Raw whole cottonseed (CS), extruded whole cottonseed (ECS), and roasted whole cottonseed (RCS) were fed in diets containing 17% crude protein and composed of 42% whole cottonseed, 26% corn grain and 29% hay supplemented with dry molasses, vitamins and minerals. The diets were isocaloric and contained 1.86 Mcal NEL/kg. Acid detergent lignin was used as a digesta marker, and diaminopimelic acid as a bacterial marker. Ruminal ammonia concentration was higher (P less than .05) for CS than for ECS and RCS (15.7, 12.7 and 10.2 mM). Concentrations of isobutyrate (1.3 vs 0.8 and 0.8 mM) and isovalerate (1.8 vs 1.1 and 1.1 mM) were higher (P less than .05) for CS compared with ECS and RCS. Non-ammonia nitrogen flow to the duodenum (g/d) was 248, 300 and 350 for CS, ECS, and RCS, with RCS higher (P less than .05) that in CS. Apparent absorption of total amino acids in the small intestine was .80, 1.01, and 1.24 kg/d, for CS, ECS, and RCS, respectively, with RCS higher (P less than .05) than CS. Apparent absorption of essential and non-essential amino acids was 376, 425; 458, 548;610 and 628 g/d for CS, ECS and RCS respectively, with RCS higher (P less than .05) than CS.
Study on transformer oil dissolved gas online monitoring and fault diagnosis method

Power transformer is not only one of the most important equipment in an electric power system, but also the most fragile equipment in it. As a result, it is of great significance to perform real-time monitoring to running state of power transformers, so as to ensure the reliable and security of them. This research cares about the method which is based on dissolved gas analysis (DGA) to monitoring the state and analyzing the faults of a power transformer. By performing realtime online monitoring to the quantity and proportion of seven specific gases dissolved in the transformer oil (including hydrogen H 2 , methane, CH 4 , acetylene C 2 H 2 , ethylene C 2 H 4 , ethane C 2 H 6 , carbon monoxide CO and carbon dioxide CO 2 ) with the method of gas chromatography, it is possible to achieve diagnosis and analysis of running state of a power transformer.
Evolutionary implications of interspecific variation in a maternal effect: a meta-analysis of yolk testosterone response to competition

Competition between conspecifics during the breeding season can result in behavioural and physiological programming of offspring via maternal effects. For birds, in which maternal effects are best studied, it has been claimed that exposure to increased competition causes greater deposition of testosterone into egg yolks, which creates faster growing, more aggressive offspring; such traits are thought to be beneficial for high-competition environments. Nevertheless, not all species show a positive relationship between competitive interactions and yolk testosterone, and an explanation for this interspecific variation is lacking. We here test if the magnitude and direction of maternal testosterone allocated to eggs in response to competition can be explained by life-history traits while accounting for phylogenetic relationships. We performed a meta-analysis relating effect size of yolk testosterone response to competition with species coloniality, nest type, parental effort and mating type. We found that effect size was moderated by coloniality and nest type; colonial species and those with open nests allocate less testosterone to eggs when in more competitive environments. Applying a life-history perspective helps contextualize studies showing little or negative responses of yolk testosterone to competition and improves our understanding of how variation in this maternal effect may have evolved.
Parametric analysis of mechanically driven compositional patterning in SiGe substrates

A recently demonstrated approach for creating structured compositional gradients in the near-surface region of SiGe substrates is studied parametrically using a multiresolution coarse-grained lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method. In the “stress patterning” process, a patterned elastic stress field is generated in the SiGe substrate by pressing an array of micro-indenters into it. The stressed substrate is then thermally annealed to drive the atomic diffusion in which the larger Ge atoms are pushed away from the areas of compressive stress. By varying a subset of the parameters that characterize the high-dimensional input space of the process (e.g., indenter spacing, indenter tip shape, and indenter array symmetry) we show that technologically interesting compositional configurations may be readily generated. In particular, we show that it is theoretically possible to generate arrays of well-delineated nanoscale regions of high Ge content surrounded by essentially pure Si. Such configurations may ...
A phase II trial of mid-treatment FDG-PET adaptive, individualized radiation therapy plus concurrent chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

7522 Background: We have found that FDG-PET response during chemoradiation for patients with NSCLC is heterogeneous and predicts outcome. We hypothesized that dose escalated treatment targeted to t...
Abstract 246: Role Of Cytochrome P450 4a2 In Mediating The Elevated Blood Pressure In A Rat Model Of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often have elevated blood pressure (BP). PCOS is characterized in part by increases in androgens, and androgens can increase cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A isoforms and 20-HETE synthesis. We have found that CYP4A2 expression is increased in renal vasculature of hyperandrogenemic female rats, a model of PCOS. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that androgen increase would not cause elevated BP in CYP4A2 -/- rats compared with wild type SS.Bn5 rats. CYP4A2 -/- and SS.Bn5 rats (n=6-8/grp) were treated from 4 wks of age with dihydrotestosterone pellets (DHT 7.5 mg/90 d) or placebo pellets until 14 wks, and then telemetry transmitters were implanted. After 2 wks, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured for 10 days. DHT increased MAP and decreased HR in SS.Bn5 compared with placebo controls (placebo: 104±2 vs. DHT: 126±6 mmHg, p -/- rats had higher MAP than WT, DHT did not increase BP in CYP4A2 -/- rats (Placebo: 120±1 vs. DHT: 118±1 mmHg, p=NS). These data suggest that CYP4A2 may be necessary for DHT to increase BP in our model of PCOS. However, by what mechanism(s) CYP4A2 -/- rats have higher MAP than SS.Bn5 WT remains to be determined. Supported by NIH R01HL66072, P01HL05971 and AHA 14POST18640015.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Primary Immunodeficiency in Hospitalized Children in the United States.

Background Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDDs) are rare yet life-threatening chronic conditions in children. The prevalence and outcomes of PIDDs in the pediatric population in the United States are not well understood. Objective The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the epidemiology of children hospitalized with PIDD in the United States and (2) characterize the clinical outcomes of hospitalized children with PIDDs. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of the 2003-2012 Kids' Inpatient Database of children aged 2-18 years admitted with a primary or secondary diagnosis code of PIDD was performed. Secondary immunodeficiency diseases were excluded. Results There were 26,794 pediatric patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of a PIDD from 2003 to 2012. The national prevalence of all PIDDs per 100,000 was 66.6, 82.2, 97.4, and 126.8 in 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012, respectively. The highest prevalence was in children 0-5 years of age (15,105 hospitalizations; 56%). There was no difference in prevalence between B-cell defects and T-cell defects. PIDDs affected all ethnic populations equally. Respiratory-related diagnoses were the most common comorbidity by an organ system. Overall mortality was 1.99%. Age was inversely correlated with clinical outcome. Children 0-5 years had higher mortality (424 deaths, 79.85%), mean hospital charges ($35,480), and length of stay (LOS) (5.6 days) compared with older age cohorts. Conclusions The prevalence of PIDDs in the hospitalized pediatric population in the United States may have increased over time. Younger age is associated with higher mortality, hospital costs, and LOS. Further study is needed to determine cost-effective management strategies to improve outcomes in infants and young children with PIDD.
The Successful Voice: Strategies, Drills and Exercises for Public Speaking, Acting and Everyday Conversation

Voice and diction courses are generally taught in one of two academic disciplines: communication studies or theatre performance. In an attempt to develop a more interdisciplinary approach, John Ros...
Advance Consent to Aggregate Settlements: Reflections on Attorneys' Fiduciary Obligations and Professional Responsibility Duties

INTRODUCTION This Article highlights two key issues that must be addressed when considering an aggregate settlement: (1) client autonomy, particularly in determining the goals of the representation; and (2) the scope of lawyers’ fiduciary duties, specifically the duty of loyalty owed to each client. These are crucial elements in the analysis of attorneys’ obligations in the representation of any client, but they merit enhanced attention in situations where the lawyer represents two or more clients in litigation resolved through an aggregate settlement. The term “aggregate settlement” has been used to refer to the settlement of collectively litigated cases that are not class actions. Some non-class aggregate litigation results from the use of formal procedural devices, such as joinder,1 multidistrict transfer,2 and consolidation.3 Still, other groups of cases are litigated together even
Controlled buckling of thin films on compliant substrates for stretchable electronics

Abstract: Electronic systems with large stretchability have many applications. This chapter reviews the mechanics of a non-coplanar mesh design whose stretchability can be up to 100%. Mechanics models for non-coplanar mesh designs are developed and used to predict the maximum strains. The models agree well with experiments and give the stretchability of the system in terms of the geometric parameters and fracture strain of the material.
GLYCOLIPIDS IN SV40 AND POLYOMA VIRUS TRANSFORMED MOUSE CELL LINES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses glycolipids in SV40 and polyoma virus-transformed mouse cell lines. In a study described in the chapter, various normal, spontaneously transformed, and DNA tumor virus-transformed mouse cell lines were grown in tissue culture and were analyzed for changes in ganglioside composition. The cell lines included the highly contact inhibited mouse fibroblasts 3T3, its SV40 and polyoma doubly transformed variant SVPY 3T3; an established epithelial-like normal cell line from inbred mouse N AL/N; its spontaneously transformed tumorigenic variant T AL/NT; and its SV40-transformed SVS AL/N and polyoma transformed PY AL/N variants. The decrease in the virus-transformed variants in N-acetylneuraminyl-galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuranrinyl)-galactosyl-glucosylceramide and galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-galactosylglucosylceramide occured consistently, irrespective of the growth medium, the substratum, the growth conditions, and the harvesting conditions.
Electron Coherence in Quantum Well Intersubband Transitions

Absorption is a fundamental limitation in coherent light generation in both atomic and semiconductor media. In ordinary lasers, the so-called population inversion requirement is a direct consequence of stimulated absorption that accompanies emission. In nonlinear devices such as sum-frequency generators or parametric amplifiers, absorption determines the maximum possible conversion efficiency or parametric gain. Eliminating the stimulated absorption without affecting the emission properties, would remove these basic restrictions and lead to optical devices with novel properties.
Logical and Meta-Logical Frameworks

Logical frameworks have been designed as meta-languages in which deductive systems can be specified naturally and concisely. By providing direct support for common concepts of logics and programming languages, framework implementations such as Isabelle allow the rapid construction of theorem proving environments for specific logics. Logical frameworks have found significant applications in a variety of areas, including program and protocol verification and safe execution of mobile code.
Quantifying model form uncertainty in Reynolds-averaged turbulence models with Bayesian deep neural networks

Abstract Data-driven methods for improving turbulence modeling in Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations have gained significant interest in the computational fluid dynamics community. Modern machine learning algorithms have opened up a new area of black-box turbulence models allowing for the tuning of RANS simulations to increase their predictive accuracy. While several data-driven turbulence models have been reported, the quantification of the uncertainties introduced has mostly been neglected. Uncertainty quantification for such data-driven models is essential since their predictive capability rapidly declines as they are tested for flow physics that deviate from that in the training data. In this work, we propose a novel data-driven framework that not only improves RANS predictions but also provides probabilistic bounds for fluid quantities such as velocity and pressure. The uncertainties capture both model form uncertainty as well as epistemic uncertainty induced by the limited training data. An invariant Bayesian deep neural network is used to predict the anisotropic tensor component of the Reynolds stress. This model is trained using Stein variational gradient decent algorithm. The computed uncertainty on the Reynolds stress is propagated to the quantities of interest by vanilla Monte Carlo simulation. Results are presented for two test cases that differ geometrically from the training flows at several different Reynolds numbers. The prediction enhancement of the data-driven model is discussed as well as the associated probabilistic bounds for flow properties of interest. Ultimately this framework allows for a quantitative measurement of model confidence and uncertainty quantification for flows in which no high-fidelity observations or prior knowledge is available.
Patient-Centered Methods for Designing and Developing Health Information Communication Technologies: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Background: Chronic disease management and maintaining healthy behaviors to prevent disease are important lifelong considerations. Adherence to prescribed management and behaviors often fa...
Stroke Risk Following Infection in Patients with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device

Infection has been associated with stroke in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD); however, little data exist on the timing, type and mortality impact of infection-related stroke. Prospectively collected data of HeartMate II (N = 332) and HeartWare (N = 70) LVAD patients from a single center were reviewed. Only strokes (ischemic or hemorrhagic) that occurred within 6 weeks following a LVAD infection were considered in analyses. The association between LVAD infections (wound, pump pocket, driveline and/or bloodstream infection [BSI]), specific pathogens and ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis. The impact of infection-related stroke on cumulative survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Of 402 patients, LVAD infection occurred in 158 (39%) including BSI in 107 (27%), driveline infection in 67 (17%), wound infection in 31 (8%) and pump pocket infection in 24 (6%). LVAD infection-related stroke occurred in 20/158 (13%) patients in a median of 4 days (0–36 days) from documented infection. In multivariable analysis, ischemic stroke was associated with wound infection (aOR 9.0, 95% CI 2.4–34.0, P = 0.001) and BSI (aOR 7.7, 95% CI 0.9–66.0, P = 0.064), and hemorrhagic stroke was associated with BSI in 100% of cases (P = 0.01). There was no association with driveline or pump pocket infection. The cumulative survival rate among patients with infection-related stroke was significantly lower compared to those with LVAD infection but no stroke (log-rank P < 0.001). There was a trend toward shorter stroke-free survival among patients with LVAD infection. LVAD infections, particularly BSI, are significantly associated with stroke, and infection-related stroke conferred significantly lower cumulative survival.
The Use of Risk Assessment Tools and Prognostic Scores in Managing Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, progressive, and incurable disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite increasingly available treatment options, PAH patients continue to experience disease progression and increased rates of hospitalizations due to right heart failure. Physician’s ability to comprehensively assess PAH patients, determine prognosis, and monitor disease progression and response to treatment remains critical in optimizing outcomes. Risk assessment in PAH should include a range of clinical, hemodynamic, and exercise parameters, performed in a serial fashion over the course of treatment. Approaches to risk assessment in PAH patients include the use of risk variables, scores, and equations that stratify the impact of both modifiable (e.g., 6-min walk distance, functional class, brain natriuretic peptide), and non-modifiable (e.g., age, gender, PAH etiology) risk factors. Such tools allow physicians to better determine prognosis, allocate treatment resources, and enhance the consistency of treatment approaches across providers. Comprehensive and accurate risk prediction is essential to make individualized treatment decisions and optimizing outcomes in PAH.
There is value in treating elevated levels of diabetes distress: the clinical impact of targeted interventions in adults with Type 1 diabetes.

Aim To compare the effect of targeted interventions to reduce high diabetes distress among adults with Type 1 diabetes with a comparison sample of similar but untreated individuals, and to document the stability of untreated diabetes distress over time. Methods A total of 51 adults with Type 1 diabetes with elevated baseline diabetes distress (distress score ≥ 2.0) and HbA1c levels (≥ 58 mmol/mol) were identified from a longitudinal, non-intervention study, and compared with a similar sample of 51 participants in an intervention study. Both groups completed the T1-DDS diabetes distress questionnaire at baseline and 9 months. Results Large and significant reductions in diabetes distress scores were recorded in the intervention group (mean ± sd change = -0.6 ± 0.6), while minimal change was found in the non-intervention group (-0.2 ± 0.6, group effect P = 0.002; effect size d = 0.67). Additional analyses using the established minimal clinically important difference for the T1-DDS showed that diabetes distress increased significantly (minimal clinically important difference ≥ 1) or persisted at high levels for 51% of participants in the non-intervention group, compared with 23.5% in the intervention group. Conclusion Our results showed that targeted interventions led to dramatic reductions in diabetes distress compared with a lack of treatment. We also conclude that elevated diabetes distress, when left unaddressed, does not resolve over time and often remains chronic. (Clinical Trials Registry no.: NCT02175732).
Periocular and Orbital Trauma

Injuries to the periocular structures and orbit are an extremely common component of ocular trauma. Specific injuries can include partial thickness and full thickness eyelid lacerations, canalicular lacerations, orbital foreign bodies, orbitofacial fractures, orbital compartment syndrome, carotid-cavernous fistula, periocular burns, and severe globe rupture necessitating globe removal. With the exception of orbital compartment syndrome, most periocular and orbital injuries can be managed on a non-emergent basis.
Association between thyroid dysfunction and incident dementia in the atherosclerosis risk in communities neurocognitive study

Background: Abnormal thyroid hormone levels (high or low) and autoimmunity from autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) may increase dementia risk. Methods: We examined the associations of thyroid dysfunction or possible AITD in 1990 - 1992 with dementia through 2017 in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Neurocognitive Study. Thyroid dysfunction (subclinical and overt hypo- or hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism) was categorized from serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) cut-points and AITD from anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody positivity. Dementia was identified primarily based on cognitive test performance, neuropsychological examinations and clinician review of suspected cases. Additional cases of dementia were ascertained through telephone interviews or relevant hospital and death certificate codes. Cox regression with multivariable adjustment was used for analysis. Results: After exclusions for missing data, 12,481 participants were included in the analysis (mean index exam age 57 ± 5.7 (44% male, 25% black)), and 2,235 incident dementia cases were identified. AITD was not significantly associated with dementia. Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with a lower risk of dementia (hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.74 (0.60 - 0.92)), while overt hyperthyroidism was associated with a higher risk of dementia (HR (95% CI): 1.40 (1.02 - 1.92)) compared to euthyroid participants. Participants with serum FT4 concentrations above the 95th percentile were at an increased risk of dementia compared to those in the middle 90% of FT4 (HR (95% CI): 1.23 (1.02 - 1.48)). Conclusions: Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with reduced risk of dementia, whereas overt hyperthyroidism, particularly very elevated FT4, was associated with increased risk of dementia. The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and reduced risk of dementia cannot be explained, but may have been an artifact due to change. By extrapolation, effective treatment of overt hyperthyroidism may modestly reduce dementia risk in older adults. J Endocrinol Metab. 2019;9(4):82-89 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem588
Concurrent radiation therapy with programmed cell death protein 1 inhibition leads to a complete response in advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Approximately 4 million cases of nonmelanoma skin cancer affecting 2.5 million individuals were diagnosed in the United States in 2012, with nearly half being cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).1 Risk factors for the development of CSCC include ultraviolet exposure, older age, and immunosuppression.2 There are no standard guidelines to manage advanced or recurrent CSCC. Various systems have been devised to predict which patients are at high risk of recurrence or metastasis, based on clinical or pathologic characteristics, including the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the Brigham and Women's Hospital staging systems. Management of these cases typically requires multidisciplinary care involving Mohs micrographic surgery, surgical oncology, medical oncology, and radiation oncology. The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor, found on the membranes of T cells, binds to the programmed death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2), which are highly expressed in squamous cell cancers.3 The PD-1/PD-L1 interaction results in deactivation of T cells and thereby reduces anticancer immune surveillance. Increased PD-1 and PD-L1 expression levels have been associated with high-risk CSCC, perineural invasion, and organ transplant–associated CSCC compared with noncancerous skin specimens.4 A recent study examining the PD-1 inhibitor cemiplimab in unresectable and metastatic CSCC yielded response rates of 50% and 47%, respectively, with durable responses exceeding 6 months in more than 50% of patients.5 Subsequently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved cemiplimab for the treatment of unresectable and metastatic CSCC. Although PD-1 inhibition is now the standard of care for metastatic CSCC, its use in combination with other treatment modalities in the definitive setting is not yet well described. Here, we present the case of a patient with a diagnosis of locally advanced CSCC who showed complete response to concurrent radiation therapy and PD-1 inhibition.
Factors Associated With Optimal Follow-up in Women With BI-RADS 3 Breast Findings

Abstract Objective Assess rate of and factors associated with optimal follow-up in patients with BI-RADS 3 breast findings. Methods This Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective cohort study, performed at an academic medical center, included all women undergoing breast imaging (ultrasound and mammography) in 2016. Index reports for unique patients with an assessment of BI-RADS 3 (retrieved via natural language processing) comprised the study population. Patient-specific and provider-related features were extracted from the Research Data Warehouse. The Institutional Cancer Registry identified patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Optimal follow-up rate was calculated as patients with follow-up imaging on the same breast 3 to 9 months from the index examination among patients with BI-RADS 3 assessments. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression determined features associated with optimal follow-up. Malignancy rate and time to malignancy detection were recorded. Results Among 93,685 breast imaging examinations, 64,771 were from unique patients of which 2,967 had BI-RADS 3 findings (4.6%). Excluding patients with off-site index examinations and those with another breast examination Discussion Follow-up of BI-RADS 3 breast imaging findings is optimal in only 74% of women. Further interventions to promote follow-up should target younger, unmarried women, those with Hispanic ethnicity, and women without history of breast cancer and without insurance coverage.
Defining subjectivity in visual art audio description

Audio description is an intersemiotic translation modality used to make art museums accessible to visually impaired visitors. Existing audio description guidelines in various countries recommend describing only that which is seen, in other words, to avoid subjective interpretations of the visual message. However, there is evidence that some visually impaired people prefer more subjective audio descriptions. The controversy around this issue has generated reception- and product-oriented studies of audio description which demonstrate that not only is subjectivity present in existing audio descriptions, but also that it may benefit the construction of a more meaningful experience. A methodology which combines corpus and contextual analysis and draws on cognitive linguistics as well as art theories has been followed in this study to examine audio descriptive guides in art museums in four different countries. Results show considerable levels of subjectivity and offer a categorization of this element. Additionally, the level and type of subjectivity appear to be influenced by contextual factors, including the level of abstraction of the artwork and the audio describer’s degree of compliance with existing guidelines.
Excited State Molecular Dynamics of Photoinduced Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer in Anthracene-Phenol-Pyridine Triads.

Photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in anthracene–phenol–pyridine triads exhibits inverted region behavior, where the more thermodynamically favorable process is slower. The long-l...
Sputtered ruthenium oxide coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes.

We have investigated the deposition and electrochemical properties of sputtered ruthenium oxide coatings for neural stimulation and recording electrodes. A combination of oxygen and water vapor was used as a reactive gas mixture during DC magnetron sputtering from a ruthenium metal target. The sputtering plasma was monitored by optical emission spectroscopy to determine the reactive species present and confirm the control of plasma chemistry by reactive gas flow rates into the deposition chamber. The effect of the O2 :H2 O gas ratio on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the ruthenium oxide were studied in detail. We employed a combination of surface characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, to understand the relationship between plasma chemistry and the microstructure of the films produced under different gas flow conditions. Electrochemical characterization included cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and voltage transient measurements, performed on planar ruthenium oxide electrodes with a geometric surface area of 1960 µm2 . At an O2 :H2 O gas flow rate ratio of 1:3, a cathodal charge-storage capacity per unit film thickness of 228.7 mC cm-2 µm-1 (median, Q1 = 134.5, Q3 = 236.6, n = 15) and a charge-injection capacity (0.6 V anodal interpulse bias) of 7.4 mC cm-2 (median, Q1 = 6.9, Q3 = 8.3, n = 15) were obtained in phosphate buffered saline. The charge-injection capacity of ruthenium oxide sputtered with water vapor in the reactive plasma is comparable with sputtered iridium oxide (SIROF) and higher than reported values for porous TiN, a commonly employed high-surface area stimulation electrode coating.
Spatial Epigenome Sequencing at Tissue Scale and Cellular Level

Abstract Spatial biology is emerging as a new frontier of biomedical research in development and disease, but currently limited to transcriptome and a panel of proteins. Here we present spatial epigenome profiling for three histone modifications (H3K27me3, H3K4me3, H3K27ac) via next-generation sequencing by combining in-tissue CUT&Tag chemistry and microfluidic deterministic barcoding. Spatial chromatin states in mouse embryos or olfactory bulbs revealed tissue type-specific epigenetic regulations, in concordance with ENCODE reference data, but providing spatially resolved genome-wide profiles at tissue scale. Using fluorescence imaging to identify the tissue pixels (20μm) each containing one nucleus allowed us to extract single-cell epigenomes in situ. Spatial chromatin state profiling in tissue may enable unprecedented opportunities to study epigenetic regulation, cell function and fate decision in normal physiology and pathogenesis.
Private Health Plans’ Contracts with Managed Behavioral Healthcare Organizations

Contracts between health plans and managed behavioral health care organizations (MBHOs) influence access and quality of behavioral health care. This report presents information on performance requirements, information sharing, and financial risk from a nationally representative survey of private health plans. Most contracts include geographic access to providers (93.3%) and NCQA’s performance standards (84.2%). Health plans and MBHOs share data (99.0%), generally by the MBHO sending information to the health plan (96.3%). About a quarter of contracts impose financial penalties (23.0%), but few include incentives related to performance standards (<1.0%). Contract terms can shape the provision of behavioral health services in response to changes such as parity legislation or health reform. If current trends continue towards increases in value-based purchasing in the privately financed behavioral health sector, the focus on quality in contracts between health plans and MBHOs will be critical to understand.
Practical Calculation of Non-Gaussian Multivariate Moments in Spatiotemporal Bayesian Maximum Entropy Analysis

During the past decade, the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) approach has been used with considerable success in a variety of geostatistical applications, including the spatiotemporal analysis and estimation of multivariate distributions. In this work, we investigate methods for calculating the space/time moments of such distributions that occur in BME mapping applications, and we propose general expressions for non-Gaussian model densities based on Gaussian averages. Two explicit approximations for the covariance are derived, one based on leading-order perturbation analysis and the other on the diagrammatic method. The leading-order estimator is accurate only for weakly non-Gaussian densities. The diagrammatic estimator includes higher-order terms and is accurate for larger non-Gaussian deviations. We also formulate general expressions for Monte Carlo moment calculations including precision estimates. A numerical algorithm based on importance sampling is developed, which is computationally efficient for multivariate probability densities with a large number of points in space/time. We also investigate the BME moment problem, which consists in determining the general knowledge-based BME density from experimental measurements. In the case of multivariate densities, this problem requires solving a system of nonlinear integral equations. We refomulate the system of equations as an optimization problem, which we then solve numerically for a symmetric univariate pdf. Finally, we discuss theoretical and numerical issues related to multivariate BME solutions.
GEN-LARAC: a generalized approach to the constrained shortest path problem under multiple additive constraints

Given a network modeled as a graph G with each link associated with a cost and k weights, the Constrained Shortest Path (CSP(k)) problem asks for computing a minimum cost path from a source node s to a target node t satisfying pre-specified bounds on path weights. This problem is NP-hard. In this paper we propose a new approximation algorithm called GEN-LARAC for CSP(k) problem based on Lagrangian relaxation method. For k = 1, we show that the relaxed problem can be solved by a polynomial time algorithm with time complexity O((m + n log n)2). Using this algorithm as a building block and combing it with ideas from mathematical programming, we propose an efficient algorithm for arbitrary k. We prove the convergence of our algorithm and compare it with previously known algorithms. We point out that our algorithm is also applicable to a more general class of constrained optimization problems.
Lattice Effects and Magnetic Order in the Canted Ferromagnetic Insulator La 0.875 Sr 0.125 MnO 3 + δ

The structural, magnetic, and transport behavior of orthorhombic, insulating La{sub 0.875}Sr{sub 0.125}MnO{sub 3+{delta}} were studied as a function of temperature from 20 to 300 K. Upon cooling from room temperature, we observe the rapid development of a large breathing-mode distortion coincident with large positive and negative thermal expansions for the {ital c} and {ital b} axes, respectively. The onset of canted ferromagnetic ordering at 220 K is correlated with the relaxation of this distortion, which reaches values similar to those at room temperature when the magnetic ordering saturates. We observe no first-order-type discontinuity in the volume at the ferromagnetic transition. These results demonstrate a strong coupling between magnetic ordering and crystal structure even though there is no metal-insulator transition associated with the magnetic transition. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
In situ transduction of target cells on solid surfaces by immobilized viral vectors

Background For both in vitro and in vivo gene transfer applications, recombinant viral vectors have almost always been used free in solution. Some site-specificity of the delivery of viral vectors can be achieved by applying a solution containing viral particles specifically to the site of interest. However, such site-specificity is seriously limited since viral vectors can diffuse freely in solution after application.
Contradictions and Complexities

Abstract When Robert Venturi began writing Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture in 1962, Jane Jacobs's The Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) was the subject of dinner-table conversation across the country. Apart from Jacobs's direct influence, among the parallels that emerged from their Townscape affiliations and other interests, the concept of complexity stands out, with Venturi's conception echoing Jacobs's historic introduction of complexity science into architectural and urban theory. While Venturi did not seek to extend the scientific research put forward by Jacobs, favoring instead the complexities suggested by gestalt theory and New Criticism, he cited similar scientific sources and derived similar principles for urbanism, as revealed by his Copley Square project of 1966.
Detection of SOQPSK in a space-time coded system with arrival time differences

This paper presents an algorithm suitable for space-time codes (STC) in power-limited, high rate data links subject to shadowing due to antenna placement (such as aeronautical telemetry channels). Two difficulties arise when using STC on such channels-they employ offset modulations (such as shaped offset QPSK or SOQPSK) due to the need for a constant envelope waveform and the spacing between multiple transmit antennas can lead to arrival time differences among the received signals. The algorithm presented in this paper deals with these two difficulties and provides a solution to this situation. The performance of the algorithm is simulated and presented, and it is shown that the use of STC along with the algorithm presented here eliminates the occurence of data dropouts which result when multiple antennas are used at the transmitter (without STC).
A Multidimensional and Visual Exploration Approach to Project Prioritization and Selection

In project management, many decisions are made based on multiple attributes (dimensions) of project data. However, these dimensions are usually condensed into one or two indicators in the analysis process. For example, projects are commonly prioritized using a scoring approach: they are evaluated according to predefined categories, which are then aggregated into one or two priority numbers. We argue that aggregated scores may only offer a limited view of project importance. Such scores tend to hide information that may effectively distinguish projects; this often leads decision makers to ignore the possible differences masked by aggregation. This paper presents a visual exploration approach that integrates human intuition and maintains the multidimensionality of project data as a decision basis for project prioritization and selection. The approach is based on the examination of portfolio perceptual maps, generated by a clustering technique. The research provides a useful and complementary approach for decision makers to analyze project portfolios.
SUGAR CONSUMPTION IN THE UNITED STATES- FOOD GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS BY EATING OCCASIONS: RESULTS FROM NHANES 2011-12

Data from NHANES 2011-12 were analyzed to determine the food group contributions by eating occasion to total sugar consumption for the total population and by age groups. Total sugar consumption cu...
The Hepatic Flora and Floristic Affinity of Hepatics Around Takakia Lake, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

The known hepatic flora of the Takakia Lake area consists of 66 species, 2 subspecies, and 2 varieties, in 30 genera and 18 families. Thirty-seven taxa (51.8%) of the total 70 taxa present are boreal in distribution. Seven taxa (10.1%) are western North American and Amphi-Pacific elements. This clearly demonstrates that the greatest diversity of western North American hepatics occurs between 45°–55°N and between 120°–135°W which includes the lake (Hong 1988). Other distribution patterns include a taxon which is a North American boreal endemic and one which is a North American temperate endemic; two are cosmopolitan and disjunct montane; three are circumtemperate and circum-montane; six are temperate disjunct; eight are arctic and alpine; fourteen are boreal disjunct and twenty-three are circumboreal.
Developmental changes between childhood and adulthood in passive observational and interactive feedback-based categorization rule learning.

As children start attending school they are more likely to face situations where they have to autonomously learn about novel object categories (e.g. by reading a picture book with descriptions of novel animals). Such autonomous observational category learning (OCL) gradually complements interactive feedback-based category learning (FBCL), where a child hypothesizes about the nature of a novel object, acts based on his prediction, and then receives feedback indicating the correctness of his prediction. Here we tested OCL and FBCL skills of elementary school children and adults. In both conditions, participants performed complex rule-based categorization tasks that required associating novel objects with novel category-labels. We expected children to perform better in FBCL tasks than in OCL tasks, whereas adults to be skilled in both tasks. As hypothesized, in early-phase learning children performed better in FBCL tasks than in OCL tasks. Unexpectedly, adults performed somewhat better in OCL tasks. Early-phase FBCL performance in the two age groups was matched, but the OCL performance of adults was higher than that of children. In late-phase learning there was only an age group main effect (adults > children). Moreover, performance in post-learning categorization tasks, that did not require label recollection, indicated that in FBCL tasks children were likely to directly learn the associations between an object and a category label, whereas in the OCL tasks they were likely to first learn which feature-dimensions were relevant. These findings shed light on developmental changes in cognitive control and learning mechanisms. Implications for educational settings are discussed.
An imaging vector magnetograph for the next solar maximum

Measurements of the vector magnetic field in the solar atmosphere with high spatial and temporal resolution over a large field of view are critical to understanding the nature and evolution of currents in active regions. Such measurements, when combined with the thermal and nonthermal X-ray images from the upcoming Solar-A mission, will reveal the large-scale relationship between these currents and sites of heating and particle acceleration in flaring coronal magnetic flux tubes. The conceptual design of an imaging vector magnetograph that combines a modest solar telescope with a rotating quarter-wave plate, an acousto-optical tunable prefilter as a blocker for a servo-controlled Fabry-Perot etalon, CCD cameras, and a rapid digital tape recorder are described. Its high spatial resolution (1/2 arcsec pixel size) over a large field of view (4 x 5 arcmin) will be sufficient to significantly measure, for the first time, the magnetic energy dissipated in major solar flares. Its millisecond tunability and wide spectra range (5000 to 8000 A) enable nearly simultaneous vector magnetic field measurements in the gas-pressure-dominated photosphere and magnetically dominated chromosphere, as well as effective co-alignment with Solar-A's X-ray images.
A simulated port facility in a theatre of operations

Abstract : A hypothetical port facility in a theatre of operations is modeled and coded in a special purpose simulation language, for the purpose of conducting simulation experiments on a digital computer. The experiments are conducted to investigate the resource requirements necessary for the reception, discharge, and clearance of supplies at the port. Queue lengths, waiting times, facility utilizations, temporary storage levels, and ship turn-around times are analyzed as functions of transportation and cargo handling resources, using response surface methodology. The resulting response surfaces are revealing in regard to the sensitivity of port operations to transportation resource levels and the characteristics of the port facility's load factor. Two specific conclusions of significant value are derived. First, the simulation experiments clearly show that the standard procedures for determining discharge and clearance capacities take insufficient account of the effects of variability. Second, the response surfaces for ship turn-around times and temporary storage levels indicate that an extremely steep gradient exists as a function of troop levels.
Monte Carlo calculation of exchange in solid 3 He

A Monte Carlo calculation of theT=0 nearest-neighbor exchange frequencyJ is used to show that the short-range correlations between an exchanging pair of atoms and their surrounding neighbors are of considerable importance to the exchange process in solid 3 He. Their effect onJ is to “steepen” its density dependence, and decrease its magnitude. The calculation was prompted by the neglect of these many-body correlations in recent theories.