cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Peanuts and Tree Nuts on Body Weight and Healthy Weight Loss in Adults

Nuts (ground and tree) are rich sources of multiple nutrients and their consumption is associated with health benefits, including reduced cardiovascular disease risk. This has prompted recommendations to increase their consumption. However, they are also high in fat (albeit largely unsaturated) and are energy dense. The associations between these properties, positive energy balance, and body weight raise questions about such recommendations. This issue is addressed through a review of the literature pertaining to the association between nut consumption and energy balance. Epidemiological studies document an inverse association between the frequency of nut consumption and BMI. Clinical trials reveal little or no weight change with inclusion of various types of nuts in the diet over 1-6 mo. Mechanistic studies indicate this is largely attributable to the high satiety property of nuts, leading to compensatory responses that account for 65-75% of the energy they provide. Limited data suggest chronic consumption is associated with elevated resting energy expenditure resulting in dissipation of another portion of the energy they provide. Additionally, due to poor bioaccessibility, there is limited efficiency of energy absorption from nuts. Collectively, these mechanisms offset much of the energy provided by nuts. The few trials contrasting weight loss through regimens that include or exclude nuts indicate improved compliance and greater weight loss when nuts are permitted. This consistent literature suggests nuts may be included in the diet, in moderation, to enhance palatability and nutrient quality without posing a threat for weight gain.
Utilizing the Flexibility of the Epsilon-Skew-Normal Distribution for Tobit Regression Problems

In this paper we illustrate the properties of the epsilon-skew-normal (ESN) distribution with respect to developing more flexible regression models. The ESN model is a simple one-parameter extension of the standard normal model. The additional parameter ˜ corresponds to the degree of skewness in the model. In the fitting process we take advantage of relatively new powerful routines that are now available in standard software packages such as SAS. It is illustrated that even if the true underlying error distribution is exactly normal there is no practical loss n power with respect to testing for non-zero regression coefficients. If the true underlying error distribution is slightly skewed, the ESN model is superior in terms of statistical power for tests about the regression coefficient. This model has good asymptotic properties for samples of size n>50.
Word Order, Action, and the Brain: A Reply to Arbib

In a recent paper in this journal, I argued that the crosslinguistic prevalence of subject-object-verb and subject-verb-object word orders reflects the sequential and hierarchical representation of action in Broca's area. Arbib (2015) discusses that paper in the context of broader computational, neuroscientific, and evolutionary issues, and presents a critique of my specific proposal. Here, I respond to his concerns and defend my original account. Introduction During the past few years, a growing number of linguists, psychologists, neuroscientists, and computer scientists have become interested in the relationship between syntax and action, and as a result, this topic has become increasingly controversial (Moro 2014a, 2014b; Pulvermuller 2014; Boeckx & Fujita 2014; Fitch & Martins 2014; Knott 2014). In an effort to contribute to the debate, I recently suggested that progress could be made by focusing on some striking correspondences between the typology of basic word order in transitive sentences and the representation of goal-directed actions in Broca's area (Kemmerer 2012). Crosslinguistically, the basic word order of subject (S), object (O), and verb (V)-that is, the linearization pattern that is most frequent, least marked, and pragmatically neutral-is over- whelmingly, and in nearly equal proportions, either subject-object-verb (SOV; 48%) or subject-verb-object (SVO; 41%; Dryer 2011). 1 I argued that these tendencies can be explained cognitively interms of the prototypicaltransitiveactionscenario, in whichananimate agent acts forcefully on aninanimatepatient toinducea changeofstate,as in the sentenceThechefslicedthe zucchini. Specifically,two iconicprinciples are atwork:'subjectsalience,'which maintains thatS tendstoprecedeObecausethisreflectsthetemporalprofileoftheflowofenergyfromagentto patient;and'verb-object contiguity,'which maintains that V and O tend tobe adjacent because this reflects the tight bond between the agent's action and its effect on the patient. I also argued that this semiotic account can be merged with, and enriched by, neuroscientific evidence that the posterior part of Broca's area-namely, Brodmann area (BA) 44-represents the sequential and hierarchical organization of goal-directed actions, not only when they are performed and perceived in the real world, but also when they are conceptualized and expressed as transitive clauses.I concluded by proposing that the crosslinguistic prevalenceof SOV and SVO wordor- dersmayderivefromtheadaptiveroleofBA44incapturingcertainsyntacticallyrelevantaspects of the prototypical transitive action scenario-most importantly, the ways in which the nested causal relationships among the core participants unfold in time. In his commentary on my article, Arbib (2015) makes a number of interesting and provoc- ative points. He offers a more general framework for bridging the gap between typology and neuroscience, a framework that treats language as just one instance of a much broader 'action-perception cycle'that embraces all of cognition. He describes how the putative
siRNA mediated inhibition of MMP-1 reduces invasive potential of a human chondrosarcoma cell line.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Expression of MMP-1 has been reported as a prognostic predictor of recurrence in human chondrosarcoma, and studies using human chondrosarcoma cell lines indicate that MMP-1 expression levels correlate with in vitro invasiveness. These observations suggest that MMP-1 activity has a central role in cell egress from the primary tumor at an early step in the metastatic cascade. In this study, siRNA was used to investigate whether knock down of the MMP-1 gene could be used to inhibit invasiveness in a human chondrosarcoma cell line. The inhibitory effect of siRNA on endogenous MMP-1 gene expression and protein synthesis was demonstrated via RT-PCR, Northern blotting, Western blotting, collagenase activity assay, and an in vitro cell migration assay. The siRNA inhibited MMP-1 expression specifically, since it did not affect the expression of endogenous glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) nor other collagenases. Most importantly, the siRNA mediated reduction in MMP-1 expression correlated with a decreased ability of chondrosarcoma cells to invade a Type I collagen matrix. The reduction of invasive behavior demonstrated by human chondrosarcoma cells transfected with MMP-1 siRNA and the specificity of this inhibition supports the hypothesis that this metalloproteinase molecule is involved in initiation of chondrosarcoma metastasis. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Breakdown voltage optimization of silicon p-&#960;-v planar junction diodes

Design considerations for optimizing the high-voltage capability of a planar silicon p-π-ν diode structure are studied by computer-aided numerical similation. The effect of varying the π-region width and doping concentration are investigated. An optimum field plate design is determined. The reduction of breakdown voltage due to Q ss is calculated. Accurate avalanche breakdown prediction is accomplished by solving the Poisson charge and electron and hole current continuity equations. The values found are a few percent smaller than those obtained by only solving the Poisson equation and then calculating the ionization integral. Discrepancies with previously reported avalanche breakdown calculations and measured data are discussed.
Mathematical modeling of high-power-density insertion electrodes for lithium ion batteries

Theoretical calculations are compared with well-controlled experiments conducted on a high-surface area, small diameter lithiated-carbon electrodes. The electrodes are shown to yield very high current densities and exhibit little interfacial kinetics resistance or intercalate diffusion resistance. The mathematical treatment describes quantitatively a wide range of electrochemical experiments. The application of the model to the experimental data is facilitated by the use of a reference electrode. Initial cycling behavior of the high-surface-area electrode is elucidated, including clarification of the first-cycle coulombic inefficiency. Nitrogen absorbtion and scanning electron micrographs are utilized to ascertain the microstructural characteristics that distinguish the active electrode material. An asymptotic analysis is used to indicate when diffusion resistance within host particles is negligible; this fact simplifies model calculations and contributes to our overall understanding of insertion processes associated with host particles of very small dimensions.
Predicting the Onset of a Low-Frequency, Limit-Cycle Type of Oscillatory Flow Instability in Multitube Condensing Flow Systems

A means was developed for extending the predictive capability of the Equivalent Single-Tube Model (ESTM) to accurately predict the onset of a self-sustained oscillatory flow instability for a multitube condensing flow system. The model includes the effects of compressibility, subcooled liquid inertia, and thermal and flow distribution asymmetry. Previously, liquid inertia, a necessary mechanism for the instability, had not been modeled for a multitube system. Extensive experimental data was obtained for a two-tube system that verifies not only the predictive capability of the ESTM, but also its accuracy and its wide range of applicability.
Does an Interactive WebCT Site Help Students Learn

We examined whether students with access to a supplemental course Web site enhanced with e-mail, discussion boards, and chat room capability reacted to it more positively than students who used a Web site with the same content but no communication features. Students used the Web sites on a voluntary basis. At the end of the semester, students using the enhanced site earned more points in the class than students using the basic Web site. Additionally, students using the enhanced site reported using it more often and reported higher satisfaction with the Web site, course, and instructor. We discuss practical implications of these findings.
Minimum error bounds for multidimensional spline approximation

Approximation of a smooth function f on a rectangular domain @W@?E^l by a tensor product of splines of degree m is considered. A basis for the product spline is formed using a single one-dimensional spline function. The approximation is computed, using linear programming, so as to minimize the maximum error on a discrete grid @W"v@?@W, with grid size h. Realistic a posteriori bounds on the error in the uniform norm are given. Convergence of the approximation to a best approximation as h->0 is shown. The extension to linear boundary value problems is also discussed.
A Structural-informatics Approach for Mining β-Sheets: Locating Sheets in Intermediate-resolution Density Maps

Here, we report a new computational method, called sheetminer, for mining beta-sheets in the density maps at intermediate resolutions of 6 to 10A. The method employs a multi-step ad hoc morphological analysis of density maps to identify the unique characteristics of beta-sheets. It was tested on density maps from 12 protein crystal structures that were artificially blurred to intermediate resolutions. There are a total of 35 independent beta-sheets with a wide distribution of morphology. The method successfully located 34 of them and missed only one. The method was also applied to an experimental 9A electron cryomicroscopic structure and an 8A X-ray density map. In both cases, the sheet-searching results were found to agree very well with known high-resolution crystal structures. Collectively, these results demonstrate clearly the robustness of sheetminer in locating the regions belonging to beta-sheets in the intermediate-resolution density maps. Furthermore, sheetminer is completely complementary to all other existing computational methods, including helixhunter and threading algorithms. Their combined usage has the potential to significantly enhance the computational modeling capacity for a much more complete interpretation of structural data at intermediate resolutions, from which extraction of functional information would be more effective. This is particularly important in the field of structural genomics, in which the fast screening approach may not always yield crystals that diffract to atomic resolution. An exciting future application of sheetminer is as a valuable tool for revealing the structures of amyloid fibrils that are rich in beta-motifs.
Four Logics for Minimal Belief Revision

It is natural to think of belief revision as the interaction of belief and information over time. Thus branching-time temporal logic seems a natural setting for a theory of belief revision. We propose a logic based on three modal operators: a belief operator, an information operator and a next-time operator. Four logics of increasing strength are proposed. The …rst is a logic that captures the most basic notion of minimal belief revision. The second characterizes the qualitative content of Bayes’rule. The third provides an axiomatization of the AGM theory of belief revision and the fourth provides a characterization of the notion of plausibility ordering of the set of possible worlds.
Plasma and BAL Cytokine Response to Corticosteroid Rescue Treatment in Late ARDS

Background In late ARDS, a persistent and exaggerated inflammatory response causes recurrent injury to the alveolocapillary barrier and amplification of intra-alveolar fibroproliferation. When ARDS patients fail to improve, corticosteroid (CS) rescue treatment frequently leads to rapid improvements in lung function. We tested the hypothesis that response to CS treatment is related to suppressing the inflammatory response by comparing changes in lung function to inflammatory cytokine (IC) levels in the plasma and BAL. Methods Blood samples were obtained on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of ARDS, and on days −5, −3, 0 (initiation of treatment), +3, +5, +7, +10, and +14 of CS treatment. Bilateral BAL was obtained on day 1 of ARDS, before administration of CS treatment, and at weekly intervals. We analyzed changes in IC levels during CS treatment in relation to improvements in lung injury score (LIS), indices of endothelial permeability, and final outcome. We also analyzed data to identify timing to a significant reduction in plasma IC levels and predictors of response. Results Nine patients entered the study. CS treatment was initiated 15±9 days into ARDS. Improvement in LIS (>1-point reduction) was rapid ( Conclusions In patients with late ARDS and a low likelihood of survival, prolonged corticosteroid rescue treatment was associated with a reduction in plasma and BAL IC levels and parallel improvements in indices of endothelial permeability and LIS.
The motion of micron-sized particles in He II counterflow as observed by the PIV technique

The motion of micro-spheres in He II thermal counterflow has been measured using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. Although the tracer particles are able to track the motion of the normal fluid component, a significant discrepancy between the measured particle velocity and theoretical normal fluid velocity is observed. Further analysis of this velocity discrepancy suggests that it may be caused by the interaction between particles and vortex lines in the superfluid component. A semi-empirical correlation for the interaction force is developed and compared to the experimental results, from which new dynamic behavior of particles in He II is presented in the form of an effective kinematic viscosity of the superfluid.
A detour in the quest for oogonial stem cells: methods matter.

Several independent groups question the reliability of an antibody-based method that is used to isolate oogonial stem cells from the ovaries of adult humans, nonhuman primates and mice.
Estimating leaf area index at multiple heights within the understorey component of Loblolly pine forests from airborne discrete-return lidar

Airborne discrete-return light detection and ranging lidar can be used to estimate leaf area index LAI with relatively high accuracy. This capacity was explored with regard to assessing the capability of estimating LAI at different heights at the plot level, in the presence of understorey vegetation, within intensively managed Loblolly pine forest in North Carolina, USA. Field measurements utilized the LI-COR LAI-2200 plant canopy analyser for field-based estimates of effective LAI at three elevations within each plot; these were on the ground 0.0 m and 1.0 m and 2.5 m above the ground within the various understorey heights and densities. A number of new and previously existing lidar metrics and indices were calculated from the distribution of return heights, which have been identified as potentially strong predictors of LAI. A bivariate and stepwise regression approach was then applied to create models for the estimation of LAI from lidar-derived height distribution metrics. The results show that specific logarithm transformed laser penetration indices calculated using a height threshold e.g. the number of returns below 2.5 m ratioed against all returns as close to field LAI measurement height e.g. 2.5 m was more effective than other lidar metrics. LAI can be estimated for each of the three measurement heights within the understorey component explaining 67 to 76% of the variance root mean square error 0.42–0.57. The indices that produced the highest correlations and which were selected in stepwise regression analysis were calculated using all returns. The results indicate that LAI can be estimated accurately using lidar data in pine plantation forest over a variety of stand conditions.
A Revision of Acanthinus (Coleoptera: Anthicidae). X. Albicinctus-Group and Conclusion

Fifteen species are included in the albicinctus-group: albicinctus (LaFerte), bituberculatus (Champion), rosalesi (from Venezuela), continuus (from Panama, Costa Rica, and Venezuela), caracasensis (Pic), semirufus (Pic), lucidus (from Colombia and Venezuela), chevrolati (Pic), camelus (Pic), gibbicollis (LaFerte) [= Pseudoleptaleus plicaticeps Pic, NEW SYNONYMY], spinosior (from Peru), cristatus (from Venezuela), diffusus (from Venezuela), formiciformis (from Colombia), and piligibbosus (Pic). Two species of unknown relationship are associated with the group: pullus (from Mato Grosso, Brazil), and acutus (from Panama). In the concluding section 12 species believed assignable to Acanthinus are treated as incertae sedis: bispinosus (Pic), breveimpressus (Pic), compressicollis (Pic), geayi (Pic), germaini (Pic) [=var. bicruciatus (Pic), NEW SYNONYMY], groulti (Pic), punctatissimus (Champion), semibrunnescens (Pic), subfasciatus (Pic), sulcipennis (Champion), temporalis (Heberdey), and validiceps (Pic). A key to the parts of the revision and a list of the species treated are provided.
A Comparison of Ultrafilterable Serum Calcium and Cerebrospinal Fluid Calcium in Humans.

Cameron and Moorhouse1 have proposed using the cerebrospinal fluid calcium as a measure of the diffusible calcium of the blood plasma, arguing that the choroid plexus as a living, colloid impermeable membrane gives us a more perfect distribution of the diffusible constituents of the blood than can be obtained in any in vitro manner. This implies both that the cerebrospinal fluid is formed by a process of diffusion rather than of active secretion and also that the fluid is continuously in diffusion equilibrium with the constituents of the plasma. Whether the cerebrospinal fluid is formed by an active process of secretion or is simply a dialysate of the blood plasma is still a mooted question.Histological data and evidence from the mechanics of circulation, favoring the dialysis theory have recently been reviewed by Fremont-Smith.2 It has been pointed out by Updegraff, Greenberg and Clark3 and by Fremont-Smith,2 that the published data of various authors for the amounts of uric acid, urea, glucose, magnesiu...
Ferritin and FerriScan in HCT recipients

In this issue of Blood , Trottier et al. demonstrate that the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HCT) was not significantly impacted by iron overload, as defined by liver magnetic resonance imaging (R2-MRI). This study implies that treatment decisions for iron overload should not be
Study of Spectrum Analysis and Signal Biasing for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Actuator

This paper presents experiments for understanding the dielectric barrier discharge actuators. Two aspects concerning the actuator are investigated in this work. The first one is a study on the characteristics of plasma spectrum which were obtained by an optical emission system. Results from optical emission spectra show that there are two active regions in one cycle, the profiles of which are different for different applied voltages. The second aspect of the paper investigates how the force generated by the actuator varies under biased voltage signals. The increase of force is reported for increasing negative biases. These results can provide an insight into how negative ions play a dominant role in force generation. Nomenclature er = relative dielectric constant of the dielectric material w = width of the exposed electrode (mm) l = length of the exposed electrode (cm) te = thickness of the copper electrodes (mm) td = thickness of the dielectric material (mm) f = focal length of the lens (mm) Tvib = vibrational temperature (K) Iij = emission intensity between level i and level j
CFIm25 regulates glutaminase alternative terminal exon definition to modulate miR-23 function

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) and alternative splicing (AS) provide mRNAs with the means to avoid microRNA repression through selective shortening or differential usage of 3'UTRs. The two glutaminase (GLS) mRNA isoforms, termed KGA and GAC, contain distinct 3'UTRs with the KGA isoform subject to repression by miR-23. We show that depletion of the APA regulator CFIm25 causes a strong shift to the usage of a proximal poly(A) site within the KGA 3'UTR and also alters splicing to favor exclusion of the GAC 3'UTR. Surprisingly, we observe that while miR-23 is capable of down-regulating the shortened KGA 3'UTR, it has only minor impact on the full-length KGA 3'UTR, demonstrating that additional potent negative regulation of GLS expression exists beyond this single microRNA targeting site. Finally, we show that the apoptosis induced upon down-regulation of the GAC isoform can be alleviated through concurrent reduction in CFIm25 expression, revealing the sensitivity of glutaminase expression to the levels of RNA processing factors. These results exemplify the complex interplay between RNA processing and microRNA repression in controlling glutamine metabolism in cancer cells.
Sanitary condition of drinking water in Jiangchuan district of Yunnan province 2008-2010

[Objective]To learn the safe status of drinking water quality in Jiangchuan district of Yunnan province in three years,provide the reliable basis for prevention and control of water-borne disease,and offer the technical support for scientific decision-making of government departments.[Methods]In three years,the water samples of three types of water supply were collected in the wet season and dry season.According to the Standard examination methods for drinking water(GB/T 5750-2006),28 items and 20 items of sensory characteristics,general chemical indicators,toxicological indicators,microbial indicators and sterilization indicators were tested.[Results]124 samples of county centralized water supply,76 samples of rural decentralized water supply and 162 samples of "eleventh five-year plan" rural centralized water supply were monitored,and the qualified rate of comprehensive indicators was 29.0%,19.7% and 21.6% respectively.The over standard rates of microbial indicators and sterilization indicators were high,and pollution of decentralized water supply was serious.[Conclusion]There is hidden danger of drinking water security in Jiangchuan district,the water source protection is poor,and there is a lack of effective disinfection measures.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of drinking water sanitation and improve the education of drinking water safety,so as to ensure the drinking water safety and health of residents.
Application of Carnatrol™ and Timsen™ to Decontaminate Beef

The spray application of two commercial decontaminating agents for reducing bacterial populations associated with fecal contamination on beef was examined in two separate experiments. Individual pieces of prerigor lean beef tissue were inoculated with fresh bovine feces and subjected to a 15-s spray wash (75 lb/in2, 20°C) with water or various concentrations of Carnatrol™, composed of copper sulfate pentahydrate, or Timsen™, 40% N-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in 60% stabilized urea, and stored under refrigerated (5°C) conditions. When Carnatrol™ was applied to beef tissue at 20, 40, and 80 ppm, bacterial populations were not statistically different (P ≥ 0.05) than water-treated populations at days 0, 1, and 2. When Carnatrol™ was applied to tissues at 160 ppm, bacterial populations were statistically different (P ≤ 0.05) from water-treated tissue on all of the days examined; however, reductions were not greater than 0.58, 0.42, and 0.35 log CFU/cm2 at days 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Remaining bacterial populations resulting from spray applications of Timsen™ to tissues at 200, 400, and 800 ppm were not statistically different than remaining bacterial populations of water-treated tissues at days 0, 1, 2, or 3. Reductions in bacterial populations associated with Timsen™ were no greater than 0.40 log CFU/cm2 on any of the days examined. This study demonstrates that under conditions used in this study, spray washes with either of the two commercially available decontaminating agents were no more effective than water washes for reducing bacterial populations associated with fecal contamination on beef tissue.
Language and Sensation

It will be remembered that the solipsist’s main thesis is that everything which can ordinarily be said could, in theory, be said in a language which referred only to one’s own sensations. In the last chapter we, among other things, established that sensations and images are not reducible to behavior. We can now see that the solipsist needs to have a language in which one talks only of phenomena that are non-behavioral, in the sense suggested by our investigation. In this chapter we will consider how such a language could be set up and see what difficulties may arise.
Hexapoda—Introduction to Insects and Collembola

Abstract This chapter is an introductory chapter on the systematics, phylogeny, distribution, and diversity of freshwater crustaceans of the world. Recent changes in the phylogeny and systematics of the group traditionally known as Crustacea are analyzed. Sections on general biology discuss external and internal anatomy, physiology, reproduction, and development. Ecological sections cover habitat selection, physiological constraints, feeding behavior, predators, and parasites. The chapter ends with a section on collecting, preparing, and culturing crustaceans.
The Transplant Outcomes of a 10/10 Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD) Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) Is Similar to a HLA Identical Related Donor (RD) Transplant.

Abstract Abstract 4346 Background Allogeneic SCT is a potential curative treatment for many hematological malignancies. Unfortunately, approximately 70% of patients who may benefit from an allogeneic SCT can not find a HLA identical related donor. Through National Marrow Donor Program, about 60-70% patients will be able to identify a suitable donor for transplant. However, prior studies suggested that MUD-SCT was associated with increased transplant related morbidity and mortality when compared with RD-SCT. Hence, many hematologists/oncologists were hesitant to recommend a MUD-SCT even when a matched related donor is not available. We hypothesized that through optimal HLA typing and using a 10/10 molecularly matched unrelated donor, the outcomes for a MUD-SCT will be similar to RD-SCT. Method Beginning in 2004, we adopted a new policy in HLA typing and all patients and donors will be tested for HLA: A, B, C, DR, and DQ using molecular techniques. Here, we report the outcomes on 24 consecutive patients who revived a 10/10 MUD-BMT at our institution. Results Between February, 2004 and April, 2008, 24 patients (8 males & 16 females) with various hematological malignancy and life threatening hematological disorders underwent a 10/10 molecularly matched MUD-SCT at Rush University Medical Center. Median age at SCT was 43 (range 18-67). Diagnoses included acute myeloid leukemia:11, myelodysplasia:3, non-hodgkin lymphoma:3, chronic myeloid leukemia:2, acute lymphoblastic leukemia:2, severe aplastic anemia:2 and hodgkin lymphoma:1. While 9/24 (38%) has early disease, 15/24 (62%) had advanced disease at SCT. All patients received a myeloablative conditioning regimen. Four patients (4/24, 17%) died before day 100 post-SCT from treatment related toxicity; all 4 pts > 55 years old. The 1-year survival was 62.5% with a minimal follow-up of 1 year for surviving patients. At last follow-up, 9 patients survived greater than 3 years post-SCT. The cumulative incidences of acute GVHD Grades ≥ 2 and 3 - 4 were 42% and 13% respectively. Conclusion We conclude that the transplant outcomes of 10/10 matched unrelated donor stem cell transplant appears similar to matched related donor stem cell transplant. Thus, matched related donor stem cell transplant should be considered for patients lacking a HLA identical donor whenever an allogeneic SCT is clinically indicated. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Harmonization of forest disturbance datasets of the conterminous USA from 1986 to 2011

Several spatial forest disturbance datasets exist for the conterminous USA. The major problem with forest disturbance mapping is that variability between map products leads to uncertainty regarding the actual rate of disturbance. In this article, harmonized maps were produced from multiple data sources (i.e., Global Forest Change, LANDFIRE Vegetation Disturbance, National Land Cover Database, Vegetation Change Tracker, and Web-Enabled Landsat Data). The harmonization process involved fitting common class ontologies and determining spatial congruency to produce forest disturbance maps for four time intervals (1986-1992, 1992-2001, 2001-2006, and 2006-2011). Pixels mapped as disturbed for two or more datasets were labeled as disturbed in the harmonized maps. The primary advantage gained by harmonization was improvement in commission error rates relative to the individual disturbance products. Disturbance omission errors were high for both harmonized and individual forest disturbance maps due to underlying limitations in mapping subtle disturbances with Landsat classification algorithms. To enhance the value of the harmonized disturbance products, we used fire perimeter maps to add information on the cause of disturbance.
Impacts of the Pacific Meridional Mode on June-August Precipitation in the Amazon River Basin

This study examines the impacts of the Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) on Amazon precipitation during the June-August months using observations and several experiments with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL) Forecast-oriented Low Ocean Resolution Version of CM2.5 (FLOR). We find that the positive (negative) PMM can lead to precipitation surplus (deficit) using both observations and climate simulations with FLOR. The impacts of PMM on Amazon precipitation during June-August are induced by the forcing of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies associated with PMM. Positive PMM can force the baroclinic Gill responses to the heat source in the Pacific with two low-level cyclones (anticyclones) located west (east) of the heating source. The anomalous low-level anticyclone and high-level cyclone located in the Amazon region are associated with low-level moisture moisture transport from the Atlantic. There is significant positive correlation between the PMM index and moisture flux convergence in most part of the Amazon basin, with negative correlation in its northwestern part. Such physical mechanisms underlying the linkage between PMM and the Amazon precipitation are supported by both the 500-year control experiment and a suite of perturbation experiments with FLOR.
Going Solo: the spectre of the 1999ers and Hope Solo as the ‘conscious pariah’

Although US goalkeeper, Hope Solo, had guided the women’s national soccer team to the semi-finals of the 2007 Women’s World Cup, head coach Greg Ryan benched Solo in favour of 1999 World Cup winnin...
Computing budget allocation in multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for stochastic problems

Abstract Multi-objective stochastic problems are important problems in practice and are often solved through multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. Researchers have developed different noise handling techniques to improve the efficiency and accuracy of such algorithms, primarily by integrating these methods into the evaluation or environmental selection steps of the algorithms. In this work, a combination of studies that compare integration of different computing budget allocation methods into either the evaluation or the environmental selection steps are conducted. These comparisons are performed on stochastic problems derived from benchmark multi-objective optimization problems and consider varying levels of noise. The algorithms are compared in terms of both proximity to and coverage of the true Pareto-optimal front and sufficient studies are performed to allow statistically significant conclusions to be drawn. It is shown that integrating computing budget allocation methods into the environmental selection step is better than integration within the evaluation step.
Colossal Bunching in Nanodiamond Cathodoluminescence

Photon bunching with g(2)(0)>30 was observed in cathodoluminescence from nanodiamond particles evanescently coupled to Ag surface-plasmon polaritons. Comparisons with the photon bunching of isolated diamond nanoparticles point to Ag-plasmon-mediated decoherence processes.
A novel experimental model for human mixed acinar-ductal pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer has remained refractory to treatment. In large part, this results from the lack of an animal model that mimics pancreatic cancer in man. We describe a novel experimental model of pancreatic cancer that shares the genetic background, histologic features and natural history of human mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma. Adult wild-type mice received an injection into the pancreatic duct of lentivirus coding two molecules, KrasG12D mutation and shRNA p53, which recapitulate the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer in humans. The lentivirus constructs also co-expressed the luciferase gene for in vivo imaging by bioluminescence using the Xenogen IVIS imaging system. Weeks post-injection wild-type mice develop pancreatic cancer with the same histologic characteristics and metastases observed with human pancreatic mixed acinar-ductal carcinoma. This novel approach represents the first pancreatic cancer model that does not involve alterations of embryonic development, which is inherent with transgenic mice or knockout mice models. This novel experimental human pancreatic cancer model can be used to more effectively test new anti-cancer drug to inhibit tumor progression in situ and to retard metastases. Furthermore, our method of injecting lentivirus containing oncogenes and molecules implicated in the development of pancreatic can be employed in diabetic and obese mice, two common metabolic conditions characterized by an increased incidence of pancreatic cancer.
Magical manes and untamable tresses: (en)coding computer-animated hair for the post-feminist Disney Princess

In this article, I consider discourses of gender and beauty in the production of computer-animated hair, arguing that these discourses reveal the gendered (en)coding of Disney Princesses characters...
Incidence, Survival, and Predictors of Lymph Node Involvement in Early-Stage Gastric Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma in the US.

The incidence, survival, and propensity for nodal metastasis in early-stage gastric signet ring cell carcinoma have not been defined in the United States. These data are critical determinants for treatment allocation. Cases of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma were extracted from the national SEER database for the years 2004–2013. Age-standardized incidence was derived. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of nodal metastasis. Exclusion criteria included neoadjuvant radiotherapy and lack of histologic or nodal data. A total of 10,624 cases were initially identified. The analysis cohort included 506 cases with early T-stage N0M0 disease following exclusions. The incidence was 0.094 per 100,000 person-years. The 5-year survival rate was 82.8%. Tumor stage (p < 0.001) and size (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of nodal metastasis. The incidence of nodal involvement for T1a tumors <2 cm was 5.4% (p < 0.004). The incidence of potentially resectable signet ring gastric carcinoma has not changed significantly over the past decade. While presenting with predominantly high-grade histology, early T-stage disease has a high survival rate. Small T1a tumors have low rates of nodal metastasis, suggesting that an endoscopic resection could be considered in this subset.
Sensory Neuronopathy, Paraneoplastic

Sensory neuronopathies associated with cancer are described. Clinical presentation, associated cancers, laboratory and electrophysiological findings, and treatment are discussed.
Pasireotide is not effective in reducing the development of postoperative pancreatic fistula.

Abstract Background In a single trial, perioperative pasireotide demonstrated reduction in postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following pancreatectomy, yet recent studies question the efficacy of this drug. Methods All patients who underwent pancreatic resection between January 2014 and August 2017 at a single institution were prospectively followed. Starting in February 2016, pasireotide was administered to all pancreatectomies. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) patients were additionally risk-stratified using a validated clinical risk score. The primary endpoint was the development of clinically relevant POPF (CR-POPF), and was compared between patients who received pasireotide and controls. Results Of 116 patients, 87 patients (75%) underwent PD, and 43 patients (37.1%) received pasireotide. CR-POPF occurred in 28.4% patients. The use of pasireotide was not associated with reduced CR-POPF among the total cohort (25.6% vs. 30.1%, P = 0.599), distal pancreatectomy patients (P = 0.339), PD (P = 0.274), or PD patients with elevated risk scores (P = 0.073). Pasireotide did not decrease hospital length of stay, use of parenteral nutrition, delayed gastric emptying, surgical site wound infection, or readmission rate. Conclusion Use of pasireotide after pancreatic resection does not decrease CR-POPF, nor is it associated with reduced length of stay or postoperative complications. A multi-center randomized trial is warranted to study its true effect on outcomes after pancreatectomy.
BIM Interoperability for Structure Analysis

Building information modeling (BIM) is facilitating a procedural change for the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry to share information in all the phases of the life cycle of a building. It possesses great advantages in designing, analyzing, and documenting all physical and functional information of a building and construction project. Structural analysis is an integral part of the life cycle phases of building construction projects. The information needed for structural analysis originates from the architectural model, but the architectural model can be created without much consideration of structural analysis. Software tools used by architects and structural engineers are usually different and sustain information inconsistency and or missing information leading to software interoperability problems. As the first step towards addressing this issue, in this paper, the authors conducted a preliminary literature review in order to identify topics and trends on the BIM interoperability problem with a focus on the structural analysis domain, from both the theoretic perspective and the application perspective. Structural analysis is performed and discussed in the following sections to demonstrate interoperability problems and propose possible solutions.
PROCESSOS DE MENTORAMENTO FORTALECENTO A LIDERANÇA RELACIONAL DE MULHERES UM ESTUDO PILOTO

Providing support to principals through mentorship has been studied across many fields and at various points along the career continuum. This qualitative pilot study was designed to explore the perceived impact of a mentoring handbook on the professional development of principals involved in a mentoring initiative in one school district context. This handbook served as a guide for relationship-building and professional growth for novice and early career principals. The handbook presented a self-guided approach to professional development and addressed the roles of mentor and mentee principals. An analysis of the female study participants’ perceptions contributed to the surprising interpretive finding that the female mentors were more likely to link their mentoring work to their individual growth. Female mentors also discussed their mentoring in the context of their relationships with others. The formal mentoring relationship was dyadic. This confirms research on females and mentoring and suggests future approaches to investigating the impact of more team-orientated forms of mentoring.
Feeding of laboratory-reared larvae of the sea bream Archosargus rhomboidalis (Sparidae)

Feeding by larvae of the sea bream Archosargus rhomboidalis (Linnaeus) was investigated from late September, 1972 to early May, 1973 using laboratory-reared larvae. Fertilized eggs were collected from plankton tows in Biscayne Bay, and the larvae were reared on zooplankton also collected in plankton nets. Techniques were developed to estimate feeding rate, food selection, gross growth efficiency, and daily ration. Daily estimates of these were obtained through 16 days after hatching at rearing temperatures of 23°, 26°, and 29°C. Feeding rate increased exponentially as the larvae grew, and increased as temperature was raised. At 23°C larvae began feeding on Day 3, at 26° and 29°C larvae began feeding on Day 2. Feeding rates at initiation of feeding and on Day 16 were, respectively: 23°C, 7.16 food organisms per larva per hour (flh) and 53.78 flh; 26°C, 7.90 flh and 168.80 flh; 29°C, 17.62 flh and 142.07 flh. Sea bream larvae selected food organisms by size. At initiation of feeding they selected organisms less than 100 μm in width. As larvae grew they selected larger organisms and rejected smaller ones. The major food (more than85% of the organisms ingested) was copepod nauplii, copepodites, and copepod adults. Minor food items were barnacle nauplii, tintinnids, invertebrate eggs, and polychaete larvae. Mean values for gross growth efficiency of sea bream larvae ranged from 30.6% at 23°C to 23.9% at 29°C. Mean values for daily ration, expressed as a percentage of larval weight, ranged from 84% at 23°C to 151% at 29°C and tended to decline as the larvae grew.
Alterations of Erythrocyte Lactate Dehydrogenase in Man

Erythrocyte preparations from normal men and women contain 5 isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase in constant proportions. LDH-5 is found exclusively in younger cells, and LDH-1 is the predominant fraction of aged erythrocytes. The apparent increase of LDH-1 in aged cells represents loss of activity of isoenzymes containing labile M subunits and not synthesis of H subunits. When erythrocyte isoenzymes from patients with hematologic disease are assayed, increases in LDH-5 indicate active or hyperactive erythroid tissue, and absence of this fraction suggests nonfunctioning tissue. An increase in the relative percentage of LDH-1 suggests the presence of an older cell population. Thus the analysis of erythrocyte LDH isoenzymes appears to have clinical value in rapidly assessing erythropoietic activity.
Early Screening for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Injured Emergency Department Patients: A Feasibility Study

Background Despite the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated comorbidities after physical injury, few emergency departments (EDs) in the United States screen for the presence of psychological symptoms and conditions. Barriers to systematic screening could be overcome by using a tool that is both comprehensive and brief. This study aimed to determine 1) the feasibility of screening for posttraumatic sequelae among adults with minor injury in the ED and 2) the relationship between ED screening and later psychological symptoms and poor quality of life (QOL) at 6 weeks postinjury. Methods In the EDs of two Level I trauma centers, we enrolled injured patients (n = 149) who reported serious injury and/or life threat in the past 24 hours. Subjects completed the Posttraumatic Adjustment Scale (PAS) to screen for PTSD and depression in the ED, and 6 weeks later they completed assessments for symptoms of PTSD, depression, and trauma-specific QOL (T-QoL). Results Our retained sample at 6 weeks was 84 adults (51.2% male; mean ± SD age = 33 ± 11.88 years); 38% screened positive for PTSD, and 76% screened positive for depression in the ED. Controlling for age, hospital admission, and ED pain score, regression analyses revealed that a positive ED screen for both PTSD and depression was significantly associated with 6 weeks PTSD (p = 0.027, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 to 15.14) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.001, 95% CI = 2.20 to 7.74), respectively. Further, a positive ED screen for depression (p = 0.043, 95% CI = -16.66 to -0.27) and PTSD (p = 0.015, 95% CI = -20.35 to -2.24) was significantly associated with lower T-QoL. Conclusions These results suggest that it is feasible to identify patients at risk for postinjury sequelae in the ED; screening for mental health risk may identify patients in need of early intervention and further monitoring.
Adversity in childhood and young adulthood predicts young adult depression.

Adversity experience, in both childhood and adulthood, has been associated with the development of depression. However, it is currently unclear how variation in timing and duration of adversity across childhood and young adulthood affects the extent of depression symptomology. Data were analyzed from 2610 individuals from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health in the USA. Adversity in childhood and adulthood was evaluated using instruments similar to the adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, and associations were assessed by Poisson regression. Any adversity experience was associated with significantly elevated depression symptoms in young adulthood. Individuals who experienced adversity during both childhood and adulthood had significantly higher depression symptoms than those experiencing adversity during only childhood or adulthood, suggesting a potential dose–response relationship between duration of adversity experience and depression symptomology. These results suggest that any adversity experience increases depression symptoms in young adulthood and that cumulative adversity is particularly detrimental. While long-term interventions to reduce adversity exposure would be most efficacious, interventions to reduce adversity at any period would still be beneficial.