cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards Standardizing the Alcoholism Evaluation Of Potential Liver Transplant Recipients.

Aims For teams around the world, alcoholic liver disease patients comprise the largest, and clinically most controversial, group applying for liver transplant. And yet evaluation decisions for them remain highly variable by locale. Methods Targeting standardized assessment, we provide guidelines on what information the transplant team should seek, from what sources, and how best to make use of it. This report focuses on 'what to do and how to do it' in providing appropriate assessments for this complex patient group. Results Proper evaluation includes (a) taking the clinical history from the patient and a required, corroborating third person, (b) assessing patient cognition, (c) establishing alcohol/substance use diagnosis to differentiate alcohol dependence, abuse and polysubstance dependence, (d) assessing ambivalence in primary alcohol addiction, (e) measuring social stability and (f) using Vaillant's factors for abstinence prognosis. Conclusions Properly applied, these six factors will allow standardized selection in most cases taken across programs despite differences in resources, available expertise and decision practices. Short summary This report focuses on the essentials of the psychiatric/behavioral evaluation for 'alcoholic' persons referred for liver transplant. Attention to those essentials offers clinical standardization across transplant programs in different locales.
Differential Expression and Remodeling of Transient Outward Potassium Currents in Human Left Ventricles.

BackgroundMyocardial, transient, outward currents, Ito, have been shown to play pivotal roles in action potential (AP) repolarization and remodeling in animal models. The properties and contributio...
Retrofitting a foundation restoration to an existing ceramic crown after endodontic treatment: A dental technique.

Abstract This article describes the fabrication of a foundation restoration after endodontic treatment using a preexisting ceramic prosthesis and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape as a barrier. This technique presents a solution if the prosthesis and marginal integrity are to be maintained.
Direct pattern tracking on flexible geometry

We introduce a robust tracking procedure for a regular pattern marked on a flexible moving surface such as cloth. A video of an actor performing a range of motions is processed with our algorithm to yield a dynamic geometric representation suitable for accurate stereo reconstruction of a changing 3D shape. The system is capable of maintaining the tracked grid structure for long periods of time without quality deterioration, and requires minimal user interaction. It has been tested on videos of an actor dressed in a specially marked T-shirt and behaves favorably with the presence of self-occlusions, self-shadowing and folding of the cloth. The focus of this paper is on single camera video sequence processing, even though 3D shape reconstruction with multiple cameras is the motivat-
Goodglass, Harold (1920–2002)

Harold Goodglass (1920–2002) pioneered the application of controlled psycholinguistic studies in the field of aphasia. Well-versed in both theory and description, his publications were always at the cutting edge of theoretical issues in the field. He published over 130 research articles as well as books on topics such as category-specific problems in comprehension and production, syntax and agrammatism, and naming disorders. Goodglass was, however, best known for his healthy skepticism and careful attention to what the individual facts have to offer.
Wyoming’s Instructional Facilitator Program: Teachers’ Beliefs about the Impact of Coaching on Practice

In 2006, the Wyoming state government allocated monies for the Department of Education to fund the work of Instructional Facilitators, or coaches, in schools across the state (Wyoming Department of Education, 2008). In Spring 2009, after the program had been in place for two years, an ex-post facto study was designed to examine the impact of the program on teacher practice. An online survey was used to collect data from classroom teachers throughout Wyoming’s public schools. Teachers answered questions about the extent of their work with Instructional Facilitators, the activities that they worked on with Instructional Facilitators, and the impact of their work with Instructional Facilitators on their practice. Results indicate that while a large number of teachers reported spending a small amount of time working with Instructional Facilitators, a small number of teachers reported spending a great deal of time working with Instructional Facilitators. Although differences by teaching level were apparent, the majority of respondents indicated they wished to continue working with an Instructional Facilitator and that Wyoming is spending its money wisely on the program. Discussion of these findings includes implications for Instructional Facilitator workloads and the need to focus their work on specific outcomes.
A demonstration of the consistency of maize stover pretreatment by soaking in aqueous ammonia from bench to pilot-scale.

Soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) is a means of pretreating biomass at moderate temperatures and ammonia concentrations (15% w/w). To establish process consistency and scalability, sieved maize stover was pretreated at 50-ml, 300-ml, and 100-l scales. Each scale was carried out through different methods. Sealed reactor tubes were used for 50-ml pretreatment. Fabric dyeing apparatus was used for the 300-ml pretreatment and a commercial Littleford DVT reactor was used for 100-l pretreatment. For each scale, biomass washing and solid-liquid separations were scaled appropriately. Washed pretreated solids were analyzed for composition and recovery of dry biomass and carbohydrates calculated. Nearly 100% of the glucan content was recovered in pretreated solids at all three scales, indicating the viability of SAA pretreatment. Pretreated solids (15% w/w) were hydrolyzed in a 1-l twin Sigma blade mixer using Cellic CTec2 (15 FPU.g-glucan−1) followed by fermentation in shake flasks. Hydrolytic yields ranged 65–70% across scale treatments. In comparison, fermentative yields averaged 95% across scale treatments, indicating saccharification to be a rate-limiting step in effective bioconversion of lignocellulose.
Abstract SY20-03: Novel radiotracers for clinical molecular imaging in oncology

In cancer, molecular imaging (MI) can be thought of as imaging the key molecules and molecular based events that are fundamental to promoting and maintaining the malignant state. Although MI is multimodality, the focus of this discussion will be on the use of positron emitting radiotracers for Positron Emission Tomography (PET), an imaging methodogy that can bridge the divide between discovery in the laboratory and application in clinical medicine. Modern PET incorporates CT into the same gantry and as PET/CT has rapidly penetrated clinical oncology, providing improved tumor staging and the detection of recurrence.. F[18]-2-flouro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and PET is being used to imaging more tha 1 million cancer patients per year in the US along. The biologic basis for the successful use of FDG-PET/CT is as follows. Many cancers exhibit a characteristic biochemical phenotype, which is altered in comparison to tissues from which the neoplasm originated. In particular, tumor tissues often exhibit the “Warburg Effect” which is an accelerated aerobic glyolysis. The reasons behind the Warburg effect are thought to relate to a need for carbon backbones for tumor growth, as well as to control.altered REDOX state within the cell. Other metabolic markers useful in functional imaging of cancer include radiolabeled nucleosides like [F-18]-Fluorothymidine (FLT) for proliferation, and radiolabeled amino acids, like [C-11] methionine for imaging amino acid transport. Molecular imaging in oncology is increasingly being applied for evaluation of treatment response,to radiation and chemotherapy, using FDG, FLT, and F-18 misonidazole (FMISO) a nitroimidazole which is taken up in hypoxic tissues. Molecular imaging is also applied clinically for drug discovery, and a large number of targeted agents have been radiolabeled and are being studied in man. At MSKCC our group has used PET imaging to study targeting at both a basic and clinical level with a variety of drugs and monoclonal antibodies, includine antibodyA33, which recognizes the epithelial marker A33, and antibody cG250 which recognizes carbonic anydrase IX, a marker of clear cell lung cancer and hypoxia. Finally, endocrine responsive maligancies form a fascinating group for which specific receptor directed agents, and natural substrates, may open a window on the biology of human disease including lesion by lesion heterogeneity. In this regard, [F-18]FDHT, an agent targeting androgen receptor, in prostate cancer and [I-124] NaI, for sodium iodide symporter in thyroid cancer, are giving new information about the behavior of human tumors studied in situ. Citation Format: Steven M. Larson. Novel radiotracers for clinical molecular imaging in oncology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-03
Otto Hintze. Denkräume und Sozialwelten eines Historikers in der Globalisierung 1861–1940: by Wolfgang Neugebauer, Paderborn, Ferdinand Schöningh, 2015, 661 pp., €58, ISBN 978-3-506-78191-8

By 1906, Otto Hintze was a full professor, a constitutional scholar, and a well-respected historian, but he was not well known to the German monarchy. On a report about some official proceedings so...
Predicting acute kidney injury after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Implications for patient selection and postoperative management.

Abstract Background Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common occurrence after partial nephrectomy and is a significant risk factor for chronic kidney disease. We aimed to create a model that predicts postoperative AKI in patients undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). Methods We identified 1,190 patients who underwent RAPN between 2008 and 2017 from a multicenter database. AKI was defined as a >25% reduction in eGFR from pre-RAPN to discharge. A nomogram was built based on a binary logistic regression that ultimately included age, sex, BMI, diabetes, baseline eGFR, and RENAL Nephrometry score. Internal validation was performed using the leave-one-out cross validation. Calibration was graphically investigated. The decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the net clinical benefit; a classification tree was used to identify risk categories. The same model was fit adding ischemia time during RAPN. Results Median (IQR) age at surgery was 61 (50, 68) years; 505 (42%) patients were female, while 685 (58%) were male. Median (IQR) ischemia time during RAPN was 14 (10, 18) min. postoperative AKI occurred in 274 (23%) patients. All variables fitted in the model emerged as predictors of AKI (all P ≤ 0.005) and all were considered to build a nomogram. After internal validation, the area under the curve was 73%. The model demonstrated excellent calibration and improved clinical risk prediction at the decision curve analysis. In the low, intermediate, and high-risk groups the postoperative AKI rates were: 10%, 30%, and 48%, respectively. Adding ischemia time to the preoperative model fit the data better (likelihood ratio test: P Conclusion We developed a nomogram that accurately predicts AKI in patients undergoing RAPN. This model might serve (1) in the preoperative setting: for counsel patients according to their preoperative AKI risk (2) in the immediate postoperative: for identifying patients who would benefit from an early multidisciplinary evaluation, when considering also ischemia time.
Environmental racism throughout the history of economic globalization

Environmental racism plagues the history and contemporary realities of globalization. To control resources, stake holders seek to dominate lands and peoples in order to produce at a maximum profit. Left in the wake of consumerism are populations of ethnic, religious, and racial minorities. These groups traditionally have an attachment to ancestral lands they wish to protect or are unable to compete with large corporations who establish environmentally unfriendly conditions and unfair working situations for underserved populations. Since a mentality of ‘Not in My Backyard’ (NIMBY) perpetuates apathy for addressing iniquities, remediation of these issues has been slow to non-existent. The value of exploring specific instances and recurring trends within regions of inequity and destructive ecological policy cannot be understated. Without awareness, change is impossible. Inherently, methodologies used to analyze current global systems are imperialist in nature and create further distance from the subjects exposed to detrimental corporate and policy decisions. This research provides an historic overview of globalized environmental racism in order to address and combat negative choices affecting marginalized communities throughout the world.
Hyperfine splitting in muonium: Accuracy of the theoretical prediction

Abstract In the last twenty years, the theory of hyperfine splitting in muonium developed without any experimental input. Finally, this situation is changing and a new experiment on measuring hyperfine splitting in muonium is now in progress at J-PARC. The goal of the MuSEUM experiment is to improve by an order of magnitude experimental accuracy of the hyperfine splitting and muon-electron mass ratio. Uncertainty of the theoretical prediction for hyperfine splitting will be crucial for comparison between the forthcoming experimental data and the theory in search of a possible new physics. In the current literature estimates of the error bars of the theoretical prediction differ roughly by a factor of two. We explain the origin of this discrepancy and obtain the theoretical prediction for the muonium hyperfine splitting Δ ν H F S t h ( M u ) = 4 463 302 872 ( 515 ) Hz , δ = 1.2 × 10 − 7 .
A non-acidic method using hydroxyapatite and phosphohistidine monoclonal antibodies allows enrichment of phosphopeptides containing non-conventional phosphorylations for mass spectrometry analysis

Abstract Four types of phosphate-protein linkage generate nine different phosphoresidues in living organisms. Histidine phosphorylation is a long-time established but largely unexplored post-translational modification, mainly because of the acid-lability of the phosphoramidate bonds. This lability means that standard phosphoproteomic methods used for conventional phosphate esters (phospho-Ser/Thr/Tyr) must be modified to analyze proteins containing the phosphoramidate-amino acids - phospho-His/Arg/Lys. We show that a non-acidic method allows enrichment of non-conventional phosphoresidue-containing peptides from tryptic digests of human cell lines, using hydroxyapatite binding and/or immobilized 1-pHis and 3-pHis monoclonal antibodies for enrichment. 425 unique non-conventional phosphorylation sites (i.e. pHis, pLys and pArg) were detected with a high probability of localization by LC-MS/MS analysis and identified using a customized MaxQuant configuration, contributing to a new era of study in post-translational modification and cell signaling in humans. This is the first fully non-acidic method for phosphopeptide enrichment which uses immunoaffinity purification and remains compatible with mass spectrometry analysis for a wider coverage of potential protein phosphorylation events.
Emergent Stateness: Critical Urban Geopolitics in Slavutych

The city of Slavutych was built specifically to house the workers who would continue to work post-disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) and their families. It was the pinnacle of Soviet planned cities, the culmination of decades of lessons learned from similar projects, and the architectural embodiment of Soviet multinationalism. However, in spite of all the excitement the new city elicited, within just a few years the now-independent Ukrainian government, under pressure from international organizations like the International Atomic Energy Association and the United Nations, established a hard expiration date for the shutdown of all ChNPP reactors, which in turn would mean economic devastation for Slavutych and render its existence wholly unnecessary. Rather than wait for the inevitable, city leaders and residents leveraged global and national interest in the Chornobyl disaster and its aftermath, drawing investments from multinational corporations, international organizations, and states to keep the city alive. Their scattergun approach to economic diversification and pre-emptive urban revitalization paid off, as Slavutych thrived even as the rest of Ukraine suffered major economic and demographic crises. This paper examines how Slavutych citizens were able to forge, and then to act upon, geopolitical relationships to mitigate the lingering social, political, and economic effects of the Chornobyl disaster in the city.
Defective Ribosomal Protein Gene Expression Alters Transcription, Translation and Oncogenic Pathways in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia.

Abstract Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a broad developmental disease, characterized by anemia, bone marrow erythroblastopenia, physical anomalies, and an increased incidence of malignancy. Ribosomal protein S19 gene (RPS19) is mutated in approximately 25% of DBA probands. However, its role in the pathogenesis of DBA remains to be determined. Using global gene expression analysis (Affymetrix HG-U133A chips, >22,000 probe sets) we compared highly purified multipotential (P) (CD34+CD71−CD45RA−) erythroid (E) (CD34+CD71hiCD45RA), and myeloid (M) (CD34+CD71lowCD45RA+) bone marrow progenitors from three RPS19 mutated and six control samples. For statistical analysis we applied Geometric Fold Change Analysis and Significance Analysis of Microarrays. As we have previously shown the highest number, 545, of significantly changed genes (≥2 fold up- or down-regulated), was identified in diseased vs control E progenitors, while only 106 and 72 genes were dysregulated in P and M progenitors, respectively. In addition to 10 ribosomal protein genes down-regulated in DBA samples, we found several genes involved in translation, including EIF5B, EIF2C2, EEF1D and EEF1E1 significantly under-expressed in diseased erythroid progenitors. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed the expression of 18S rRNA 3.5 to 7-fold up-regulated in the DBA P populations, 1.5–4-fold in the E populations, and unchanged in the M populations. We also found transcriptional control genes TAF9L, TAF12, TCF3, NFYA, ELYS, NFYB and CNOT8, greatly down-regulated mostly in the DBA E populations. In addition we found the erythroid transcription factor, c-Myb, 6-fold down-regulated in the DBA E populations. Importantly, we identified 29 cancer-related genes, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including RAB2, RABL4, RAB20, RAB21, RB1 and PHB significantly dysregulated in the P, E or M DBA populations. We also studied the relationship between P/E, P/M and E/M populations separately in the diseased and control samples. This analysis revealed 3,846 genes ≥2-fold changed between diseased E and P populations (485 in control P/E) while the number of dysregulated genes between diseased P/M and E/M were 1,660 and 1,042, respectively, (controls 330 and 378, respectively). Our data show that at the molecular level, erythroid progenitors are the most affected in DBA. Identification of expression changes for multiple cancer-related genes suggests a molecular basis for the increased risk for malignancy in these patients. The results suggest that RPS19 mutation and RPS19 protein insufficiency in DBA patients leads to impairment of ribosomal biogenesis by dysregulated stoichiometry of ribosomal components and subsequent reduction of protein translation. However, it is also possible that specific targets such as c-MYB are affected through an extra-ribosomal role of RPS19. Since disruption of c-Myb is characterized by complete failure of fetal erythropoiesis, our data suggest a link between RPS19 mutations and reduced erythropoiesis in DBA.
Generalization considerations and solutions for point cloud hillslope classifiers

Abstract Point cloud classifiers have the potential to rapidly perform landscape characterization for a variety of applications. The generalization (i.e., transferability to new sites) of such classifiers could improve their accessibility and usefulness for both engineers and researchers alike, but guidelines for classifier generalization are lacking in the literature. This study develops and applies a Random Forest machine learning classifier for Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) point clouds, and generalizes the classifier to point clouds from several different locations. The classifier is trained to identify basic hillslope topographic features, including vegetation, soil, talus, and bedrock using multi-scale geometric features of the point cloud. Four rock and soil slopes in western Colorado were scanned using TLS. Generalization experiments were performed testing point density, occlusion, and between-site domain variance factors, and all factors showed a significant influence on generalization accuracy. Several methods for improving classifier generalization accuracy were tested and compared, including combining training data from multiple sites, imposing probability thresholds, and a Domain Adaptation methodology known as Active Learning. It was found that incorporating data from multiple sites resulted in improved generalization accuracy, but in most cases the largest improvements in accuracy were associated with adding new training data from the target site. In this case, using Active Learning resulted in significant accuracy improvements with an over 90% reduction in the number of added training points. The results suggest that scanning characteristics are important factors in classifier generalization accuracy, but their effects can be mitigated by using the techniques described herein.
An OCT-enable Minimally-invasive Neurosurgical Guide for in-situ Brain Monitoring

As many advanced countries, including Taiwan, are beginning to enter the aging society, so the aging diseases such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) will be an inevitable issue in the 21st century. In order to provide a better quality of treatment, the Deep Brain Simulation (DBS) procedure is suggested to be adopted for the neurological treatment. For DBS, the key to the success of the treatment is the DBS stimulation electrode can act at right position, in other words, the electrode must be accurately implanted in the target area. At present, the surgical navigation for DBS relies on the pre-operative CT/MRI and intra-operative MER (microelectrode recording); however, some limitations are found in these methods. Therefore, As the result, an minimally-invasive guiding tool providing real-time localization information is required for assisting physician modifying the path for the safe and precise implantation of electrodes. To meet the unmet needs as mentioned previously, an innovative optical coherence tomography-guided DBS (OCTgDBS) system with a high slender ratio (0.7 mm outer diameter and 30 cm length) of forward-imaging needle is developed without any contrast agent. A 1323 nm swept source laser with 20 kHz A-scan rate and bandwidth of 127 nm is used. The OCTgDBS system performance such as axial resolution is about 6 µm and SNR is up to 81.75 dB. We successfully distinguished the tissue structure of ex vivo swine brain and found that white matter has stronger backscatters and steeper attenuation rate than gray matter. The results demonstrate that the OCTgDBS system is an alternative neurosurgical guiding approach for in-situ brain monitoring.
EVIDENCE FOR PRODUCTION OF AN N*(1400) AND anti N*(1400) IN THE REACTION anti pp(n) $Yields$ anti pp$pi$$sup +$$pi$$sup -$(n) AT 2.8 GeV/c.

In the reaction $\overline{p}p(n)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\overline{p}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}(n)$ at 2.8 GeV/c, enhancements in the mass spectra of $\overline{p}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ and $p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ have been observed near 1400 MeV. Analysis indicates that these enhancements cannot be adequately explained as kinematic reflections of ${N}^{*}(1238)$ and/or ${\overline{N}}^{*}(1238)$ production.
Gut microbes regroup to aid defence after infection.

Resident gut microbes can help to block infection, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. It has now been found that changes in the microbial community after infection boost the level of a molecule that combats harmful bacteria. Microbiota changes boost a molecule that combats harmful bacteria.
How Active Duty U.S. Army Fathers’ Knowledge and Attitudes About Child Development Influence Parenting Practices

Little research regarding the influence of parental knowledge and attitudes about child development on parenting practices includes fathers. The wartime military provides a specific context for fathering with frequent separations, which may impact soldiers’ knowledge and attitudes about their young children’s development. The purpose of the current study is to explore how military fathers’ knowledge and attitudes about their young children’s development influence their parenting behaviors across the deployment cycle. Fifteen active duty U.S. Army fathers with young children completed qualitative interviews, which were coded and analyzed to identify major themes. Many fathers had accurate knowledge of typical development and adapted their parenting responsively. Some knew less and were unsure how to respond to their children’s behavior. Many believed separations did not negatively affect young children. This attitude may reduce concern about deployment’s impact and keep these fathers mission-focused, but may also lead to missed opportunities to prepare young children for transitions. Overall, these fathers wanted to be involved, responsive parents. While many faced challenges navigating parenting throughout the deployment cycle, nearly all described positive adaptation, often with support from the homefront parent. These findings suggest that efforts to enhance military fathers’ knowledge should be tied to their children’s developmental stages and needs, focusing on parenting within the military context. Practitioners can respect Army families’ cultural values by aligning family readiness as necessary to mission readiness.
Local Knowledge as Illiterate Rhetoric: An Antenarrative Approach to Enacting Socially Just Technical Communication:

In this article, I focus on two competing technical communication discourses used to represent the biometric technology Ghana adopted in 2012 and subsequent elections to demonstrate how communicati...
The Canine Postamputation Pain (CAMPPAIN) initiative: a retrospective study and development of a diagnostic scale.

Abstract Objective To develop a scale to diagnose and assess the severity of postamputation pain (PAP) in dogs. Study design Single-center retrospective study. Animals A total of 66 dogs that underwent thoracic or pelvic limb amputation and 139 dogs that underwent tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) at a veterinary teaching hospital. Methods An online survey regarding postoperative behavioral changes was sent to owners. Categorical, multiple-choice responses were entered into a univariable logistic regression model and tested for association with amputation using the Wald test. If p Results Multivariable logistic regression identified four independent predictors of PAP (p Conclusions and clinical relevance Postamputation pain is characterized by specific postoperative behaviors and appears to affect approximately one-third of canine amputees. The CAMPPAIN scale generated from these data could facilitate diagnosis, treatment and further study of PAP but requires external validation.
Medical Management of Ulcerative Colitis

The medical management of ulcerative colitis is dictated by myriad factors that include disease- and patient-specific features. The agents available to treat ulcerative colitis include homeopathic sources, 5-aminosalicylate compounds, glucocorticoids, immunomodulators, and biologic agents/biosimilars. Mild-to-moderate disease is generally managed with topical/oral 5-aminosalicylate compounds according to disease distribution with escalation to topical/oral glucocorticoids depending on initial treatment response. Moderate-to-severe disease is likely to require oral glucocorticoids to induce remission with biologic agents/biosimilars employed when these are ineffective and immunomodulation with Janus kinase enzyme inhibitor reserved for recalcitrant disease. Severe/fulminant disease requires hospitalization, exclusion of infections (i.e., cytomegalovirus, Clostridium difficile), and intravenous glucocorticoid therapy followed by salvage with an immunomodulator (i.e., calcineurin inhibitor), biologic agent/biosimilar (e.g., infliximab), or operation for treatment failure. The choice of medication(s) used to maintain remission depends on the initial severity of the now controlled disease and the agent(s) used to attain remission; 5-aminosalicylate compounds, immunomodulators, and biologic agents/biosimilars are commonly prescribed.
Re: The Application of Statistical Methods of Analysis for Predicting Burnout Heat Flux

A discussion is given concerning a statistical method for predicting burnout heat flux. Examples are given to show that a pressure effect implied by the method is spurious. It is noted that the resulting flux prediction is given as a small difference between two large numbers; the accuracy of the result is thus reduced. It is shown that a diameter effect arising from the prediction equation lacks substantiation, and that the predictions are invalid for rectangular channels. The efficacy of the method in bulk-boiling burnout is questioned. (T.F.H.)
Pain, Fatigue, and Sleep Disturbances in Oncology Outpatients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastasis: A Pilot Study

Pain and fatigue are two of the most common problems experienced by oncology patients. This study evaluated 24 oncology patients who were receiving radiation therapy for bone metastases to (1) describe the patterns of pain intensity and fatigue severity over a 48-hour period; (2) evaluate for sleep disturbances; (3) describe the relationships between these symptoms and various treatment characteristics; and (4) describe the self-care strategies used by patients to manage pain and fatigue. Patients reported moderate amounts of pain and fatigue. Average pain scores did not vary significantly over a 48-hour period. However, patients reported significantly lower fatigue scores in the morning compared to the evening. In addition, patients experienced significant sleep disturbances, with a mean sleep efficiency index of 70.7% (estimated using wrist actigraphy). Patients with lower Karnofsky Performance Status scores reported more sleep disturbances. In addition, patients who had received a higher percentage of their radiation treatment reported more sleep disturbances. Patients used a variety of self-care strategies to manage pain and fatigue. Additional research is warranted to describe more completely the patterns of pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances in oncology outpatients receiving radiation therapy.
Medieval Estate Planning: The Wills and Testamentary Trials of Sir John Fastolf

This chapter explores both Sir John Fastolf 's efforts to plan his estate and the events that ultimately caused their failure. Perhaps prompted by his participation in the war in France, Fastolf made what appears to have been his first will in 1420. The chapter explores in an orderly fashion all the relevant wills and documents and the testimony in the will contest. The full story shows Fastolf 's estate planning efforts were frustrated by deathbed changes, other claims on property, the need for royal approval, political factors, conflicts among executors and papal intervention. The story of John Fastolf 's efforts raises the question of whether medieval estate planning could ever be secure. Whether Fastolf would have been happy with result is unclear, but the benefits of using the land to help endow Magdalen College have provided extensive and continuous benefits for many people over five and a half centuries. Keywords:Magdalen College; medieval estate planning; Sir John Fastolf; will contest
Determinants of ethical decision making: The relationship of the perceived organizational environment

This study attempts to help explain the ethical decision making of individual employees by determining how the perceived organizational environment is related to that decision. A self- administered questionnaire design was used for gathering data in this study with a sample size of 245 full-time employees. Perceived supervisor expectation, formal policies, and informal policies were used to assess the expressed ethical decision of the respondents. The findings indicate that the perceived organizational environment is significantly related to the ethical decision of the respondent.
A Review of “Financing Economic Development in the 21st Century”

In 2003, Sammis B. White, Richard Bingham, and Edward Hill published Financing Economic Development in the 21st Century (ME Sharpe), pulling together an excellent set of chapters on approaches to r...
FDA obstetrics-gynecology device classification report.

Abstract The Panel on Review of Obstetrical and Gynecological Devices of the Food and Drug Administration has tentatively recommended that all diagnostic, surgical, monitoring, therapeutic, and prosthetic devices in current use in the discipline be designated according to perceived need for scientific review, specific standards, and/or general controls for purposes of regulatory classification. Feedback is solicited from all obstetrician-gynecologists and other concerned citizens.
A Grounded Theory Investigation into the Process and Effects of Service-Learning in Counselor Education

Service-learning is an approach to experiential learning that is relatively unexplored among graduate students. The authors of this study sought to understand the process and effects of service-learning among 76 graduate counseling students enrolled in an “Introduction to Community Counseling” course over three semesters, 40 of whom engaged in service-learning. Analyzing students’ reflection papers, projects, and blog entries via a grounded-theory approach, the study generated a model of how service-learning impacted these students’ learning and sense of counselor identity. Students went through a process of development: They began with personal engagement, became overwhelmed, readjusted their expectations, and then reconstructed their individual counselor identities.
Invariant ideals and polynomial forms

Let K[?] denote the group algebra of an infinite locally finite group?. In recent years, the lattice of ideals of K[?] has been extensively studied under the assumption that? is simple. From these many results, it appears that such group algebras tend to have very few ideals. While some work still remains to be done in the simple group case, we nevertheless move on to the next stage of this program by considering certain abelian-by-(quasi-simple) groups. Standard arguments reduce this problem to that of characterizing the ideals of an abelian group algebra K[V] stable under the action of an appropriate automorphism group of V. Specifically, in this paper, we let B be a quasi-simple group of Lie type defined over an infinite locally finite field F, and we let V be a finite-dimensional vector space over a field E of the same characteristic p. If B acts nontrivially on V by way of the homomorphism Φ: G → GL(V), and if V has no proper G-stable subgroups, then we show that the augmentation ideal ωK[V] is the unique proper G-stable ideal of K[V] when char K ¬= p. The proof of this result requires, among other things, that we study characteristic p division rings D, certain multiplicative subgroups G of D*, and the action of G on the group algebra K[A], where A is the additive group D + . In particular, properties of the quasi-simple group G come into play only in the final section of this paper.
Introduction to the hyperasymptotic technique in high-frequency computational electromagnetics

Application of integral equation methods in computational electromagnetics has been widely explored in problems with varying degrees of complexity. Central to the formulation of such integral equation methods is the appropriate Green's function that in most cases is an important contributor to the accuracy of the final solution. It is however well known that at high frequencies special analytical forms of the problem-matched Green's function reduces the computation resources and hence renders solutions to electrically large problems practicable. These special high-frequency representations are derived analytically by well-known asymptotic methods when the characteristic wavenumber |k| → ∞. In this presentation a novel asymptotic method, known as hyperasymptotics, originally developed by Berry and Howls, is introduced. The main feature of the hyperasymptotic technique is that the numerical error in neglecting the remainder, obtained after optimal truncation of the asymptotic series, is of the order O(e−C|k|), where C is a positive constant. Thus the error in the hyperasymptotic method decreases exponentially at high frequencies for |k| → ∞, and hence this specific asymptotic technique appears numerically most suitable for development of hybrid methods for challenging problems in computational electromagnetics. The salient features of the hyperasymptotic method is illustrated here with reference to the Stokes phenomenon for the Airy function of complex argument, and, its potential applications to some problems in computational electromagnetics are identified.
Multiple signal fault detection using fuzzy logic

In this paper, we describe a multiple Signal Fault Detection system that employs fuzzy logic at two levels of detection: signal segment fault and signal fault. The system involves signal segmentation, feature extraction and fuzzy logic based segment fault detection and signal fault detection. At the signal segment level, we developed a fuzzy learning algorithm that learns from good vehicle signals only. The system has been implemented and tested extensively of vehicle signals. The experiments using vehicle engine Electronic Control Unit(ECU) signals are presented and discussed in the paper.
Effect of Magnetic Misalignment on Protobinary Evolution

The majority of solar-type stars reside in multiple systems, especially binaries. They form in dense cores of molecular clouds that are observed to be significantly magnetized. Our previous study shows that magnetic braking can tighten the binary separation during the protostellar mass accretion phase by removing the angular momentum of the accreting material. Recent numerical calculations of single star formation have shown that misalignment between the magnetic field and rotation axis may weaken both magnetic braking and the associated magnetically driven outflows. These two effects allow for disk formation even in strongly magnetized cores. Here we investigate the effects of magnetic field misalignment on the properties of protobinaries. Somewhat surprisingly, the misaligned magnetic field is more efficient at tightening the binary orbit compared to the aligned field. The main reason is that the misalignment weakens the magnetically-driven outflow, which allows more material to accrete onto the binary. Even though the specific angular momentum of this inner material is higher than in the aligned case, it is insufficient to compensate for the additional mass. A corollary of this result is that a weaker field is required to achieve the same degree of inward migration when the field is tilted relative to the rotation axis. Large field misalignment also helps to produce rotationally-supported circumbinary disks even for relatively strong magnetic fields, by weakening the magnetically-dominated structure close to the binary. Our result may provide an explanation for the circumbinary disks detected in recent SMA and ALMA observations.
Middle-aged adults exhibit altered spatial variations in Achilles tendon wave speed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate spatial variations in measured wave speed in the relaxed and stretched Achilles tendons of young and middle-aged adults. Wave speed was measured from the distal Achilles tendon, soleus aponeurosis, medial gastrocnemius aponeurosis and medial gastrocnemius muscle in healthy young (n = 15, aged 25 ± 4 years) and middle-aged (n = 10, aged 49 ± 4 years) adults in resting, dorsiflexed and plantarflexed postures. In both age groups, Achilles tendon wave speed decreased proximally, with the lowest wave speed measured in the gastrocnemius aponeurosis. Measured wave speed increased with passive dorsiflexion, reflecting the strain-stiffening behavior of tendons. There were no significant aging effects on wave speed in the free tendon or soleus aponeurosis. However, a significant, inverse relationship between gastrocnemius aponeurosis wave speed and age was observed in the dorsiflexed posture. We also observed significantly lower wave speeds in the gastrocnemius muscles of middle-aged adults when compared with young adults. These results suggest that Achilles tendon compliance increases in a distal-to-proximal pattern, with middle-aged adults exhibiting greater compliance in the distal gastrocnemius muscle and tendinous structures. An age-related change in the spatial variation in Achilles tendon compliance could affect localized tissue deformation patterns and injury potential within the triceps surae muscle–tendon units.
Hydrogen peroxide-enhanced iron-mediated aeration for the treatment of mature landfill leachate

Abstract Municipal landfill leachate is being disallowed for biological treatment by some sewer authorities due to its recalcitrance and corrosiveness, and therefore physicochemical treatment may be needed. In this paper, hydrogen peroxide-enhanced iron (Fe0)-mediated aeration (IMA) was studied as an alternative for the treatment of mature landfill leachate. Bench-scale Taguchi array screening tests and full factorial tests were conducted. Iron grade, initial pH, H2O2 addition rate, and aeration rate significantly influenced both overall chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and iron consumption. In the enhanced IMA-treated leachate at an initial pH of 8.2, COD was reduced by 50% due to oxidation and coagulation, a level almost equivalent to those obtained by Fenton treatment. Meanwhile, the 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD ratio was increased from 0.02 to 0.17. In particular, the effect of initial pH became minor at H2O2 addition rate greater than the theoretical demand for complete oxidation of organics by H2O2. In addition, 83% of 300 mg/L ammonia nitrogen and 38% of 8.30 mS/cm electrical conductivity were removed when the initial pH was not adjusted. Based on these results, the process appears suitable for treatment of mature leachate.
Ionic cyclodextrins in ionic liquid matrices as chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography

Ionic liquids (ILs) are used to dissolve ionic cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives to produce a new type of gas chromatographic chiral stationary phase. Compared to a previous study with neutral cyclodextrin chiral selectors, the new ionic liquid-based stationary phase exhibits broader enantioselectivities, up to seven times higher efficiencies, and greater thermal stabilities. When compared to the analogous commercial column with polysiloxane matrix, it exhibits different enantioselectivities, more symmetric peak shapes and some complementary enantioseparations. The most profound separation enhancements are usually found for more polar analytes.
Incomplete antibodies in rhinoscleroma.

MANY authors have made use of the Coombs reaction in investigations of incomplete antibodies in bacterial and rickettsial infections.
A common measure of disease-gene associations for case-control and tdt studies.

Abstract PURPOSE: Associations between a disease and a candidate gene can be evaluated in case-control studies, or using the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) in data from studies of case-parent trios. Consequently, data for a given disease-gene association are often available from both case-control and “TDT studies.” The present investigation was undertaken to identify a measure of the magnitude of a disease-gene association that could be estimated using data from either type of study. METHODS: The magnitude of a disease-gene association detected using the TDT can be estimated by the frequency (T) with which heterozygous parents transmit the putative, high-risk allele to affected offspring. To derive an expression for T that could be solved using data from a case-control study, T was first rewritten as a function of the relative frequencies of the genotypes, at the candidate gene, among the affected offspring of a heterozygous parent. By application of Bayes' theorem, this equation was reduced to a form that could be solved using case-control data. RESULTS: T can be expressed as a function of the genotypic probabilities among individuals with the disease of interest and the frequency of the high-risk allele in the general population, which can be estimated from cases and controls, respectively. Hence, estimates of T can be derived from the data available in a case-control study. CONCLUSIONS: The parameter T, which provides a measure of the magnitude of a disease-gene association, can be estimated from either case-control or TDT data and, therefore, provides a means by which to compare results from these two types of studies. As in other areas of epidemiology, comparison of a quantitative measure of the magnitude of an association, as well as the direction and statistical significance of the association, should greatly aid in the interpretation of the overall body of literature on a particular disease-gene association, and may help to clarify seemingly discrepant results.
Mechanical properties of diacetylene functionalized polyamides

Abstract An aliphatic diacetylene functionalized polyamide has been synthesized and successfully processed into high quality fibres and films for mechanical property measurements. The reactive diacetylene functional groups positioned in the backbone of this polymer remained dormant during a wide variety of processing schemes but were activated in a controlled manner by exposure to fixed dosages of high energy electrons. Solid state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that exposure to high energy electrons crosslinks the polymer via the formation of conjugated polydiacetylene chains. In general, crosslinking via the formation of polydiacetylene chains was found to increase the ultimate tensile strength and modulus of the material and reduce its critical failure strain. For specific fibres, the tensile strength of the material was doubled, its modulus increased by 50%, and the failure strain only reduced to 30% thereby maintaining a high degree of toughness in this system even after an 80 Mrad dose of electrons.
Metabolife's meaning: A call for the constitutive study of public relations☆

Abstract Studies of public relations (PR) are usually instrumental in nature, with scholars seeking to explain how organizations employ PR techniques to meet goals. The impact of PR practices on the broader realm of public discourse and deliberation is less often the focus of scholarly attention, although it plays an increasing role in shaping public understanding of political, social, and cultural issues. This article argues that disciplinary scholarship needs constitutive analyses that understand how PR strategies help to create discursive norms. That is, when an organization successfully employs a given PR tactic, other organizations follow suit and audiences can come to expect the use of similar techniques. Through a case study of Metabolife International and 20/20, a constitutive approach illustrates how PR encourages audiences to expect and incorporate discursive speed, to understand how communication forums are created and maintained, and to substitute gestures of corporate transparency for honesty and goodwill.