cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metabolism of systemically-administered L-dihydroxyphenylalanine, by intact and dopamine-denervated striata, as revealed by brain microdialysis.

Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease arises from the progressive loss of dopamine (DA)-utilizing neurons of the nigrostriatum and responds to the replacement of DA with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). In awake rats, with unilateral lesions induced with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) of the DA-utilizing nigrostriatal pathway, treatment with L-DOPA causes the rapid onset of brisk contralateral turning behaviour. In urethane-anesthetized rats with identical unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatum, dialysis of the striatum, performed before and after the systemic administration of L-DOPA (25 mg/kg i.p.), did not demonstrate any alteration in extracellular DA in the striatum which was DA-deprived compared to intact striata. After treatment with L-DOPA extracellular levels of the metabolites of DA. DOPAC and HVA increased several fold. These results suggest: (a) DA neurons surviving after extensive lesions with 6-OHDA can compensate for loss of DA in the striatum and maintain extracellular fluid (and presumably synaptic) concentrations of DA; (b) in striata with extensive depletion of DA L-DOPA undergoes rapid decarboxylation to DA, followed by catabolism to DOPAC and HVA; and (c) in urethane-anesthetized animals, DA formed from DOPA does not appear to enter a releasable pool.
Multiscale crystal defect dynamics: a dual-lattice process zone model

In this work, we present the theoretical and computational formulations of a multiscale crystal defect dynamics (MCDD) for the simulation of crystal defects at small scales. The main novelties of the proposed MCDD are: (1) We use the dual-lattice tessellation to construct a dual-lattice process zone model that can represent different types of crystal defects in a single crystal; (2) We adopt a fourth-order (four scales) hierarchical strain gradient theory to model constitutive behaviours of various defect process zones, in which the atomistic-informed higher order Cauchy–Born rule is employed, and (3) We employ the Barycentric finite element technique to construct finite element shape functions for polygonal and polyhedral process zone elements. The proposed MCDD method provides an efficient and viable alternative for both molecular dynamics and dislocation dynamics in simulations of defect evolutions such as void growth, dislocation nucleation, and fracture. In particular, MCDD offers a mesoscale descrip...
Reversible flocculation and deflocculation of ball clays

Abstract One of the main usages of ball clays is in the pottery industry. However, in order to transport the clay suspensions from the mine site, some distance away from the consumer, dewatering of the clay suspension must be performed. The main restriction is that any dewatering treatment must not interfere in obtaining deflocculated, free flowing suspensions required by the pottery manufacturer. Investigations in the flocculation/deflocculation of these clay suspensions, resulted in finding a technique capable of achieving both requirements. The technique employs flocculation by an anionic flocculant in the presence of 10 mM of magnesium sulfate, thus achieving the dewatering step. When the magnesium sulfate was removed from the flocculated suspensions by simply washing the filter cake, good deflocculation of the clay suspension was achieved at alkaline pH. The role of MgSO 4 in the flocculant adsorption/flocculation, and subsequently in the flocculant desorption/deflocculation, was discussed.
Social Movements and Patronage Politics: Processes of Demobilization and Dual Pressure

Why might social movements be highly contentious at one point in time and demobilize shortly after? Based on ethnographic fieldwork, this article examines the dynamics of demobilization of popular movements in a context of patronage politics. I argue that demobilization in these contexts results from relational processes creating a “dual pressure” stemming “from below” and “from above.” In social environments where patronage is pervasive, poor people develop survival strategies relying on clientelistic arrangements. They participate in a social movement organization (SMO) to voice their rights, but also to address pressing survival needs by gaining access to resources. These expectations of constituents create a pressure “from below” on leaders of an SMO, which respond by securing resources obtained through alliances with national political actors. In turn, these alliances create a pressure “from above,” because local leaders reciprocate this national support by eschewing the organization of collective actions. Drawing on data culled from 12 months of fieldwork on an Argentine peasant movement, this article inspects the interconnections between popular movements and patronage politics to refine our understanding of demobilization processes; contribute to discussions regarding the role of culture on contentious politics; and shed light on current demobilization trends in Latin America.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 AN AUTOCRINE/PARACRINE CYTOKINE IN THE LIVER

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) occupy important roles during development serving to direct cells through specific differentiation programs. While several BMPs are essential for embryonic viability, their significance in mediating intercellular communication in the context of adult organ systems remains largely unknown. In the adult rat we characterized the tissue- and cell-specific transcription and translation of BMP-9. Utilizing a ribonuclease protection assay, we determined that in the adult animal, BMP-9 expression occurs predominantly in the liver. Furthermore, we determined that the non-parenchymal cells of the liver,i.e. endothelial, Kupffer, and stellate cells, are the major sources of this message. Western analyses corroborate the ribonuclease protection assay results, confirming that LEC and KC contain an abundance of immunoreactive BMP-9. Using [125I]BMP-9, a receptor with specific binding affinity for BMP-9 was characterized in primary cultures of hepatic endothelial cells and Kupffer cells. BMP-9 binding to these cell types was observed to be fully reversible and highly specific for this ligand. Additionally, we demonstrate that BMP-9 is specifically internalized upon binding to its receptor. This may represent a novel BMP receptor and is the first to be characterized in primary cultures of mature liver non-parenchymal cells. Our results depict BMP-9 as a potential autocrine/paracrine mediator in the hepatic reticuloendothelial system.
Responses to Odors of Dominant and Subordinate House Mice ( Mus domesticus ) in Live Traps and Responses to Odors in Live Traps by Dominant and Subordinate Males

Data from 16 0.1-ha field enclosures containing populations of wild house mice (Mus domesticus) were used to test two sets of questions. Do mice respond differentially to odors from dominant and subordinate males in live traps? Do dominant and subordinate males respond differentially to odors in live traps from other mice? A trap was considered odorized if it had captured a mouse during the previous week, during which there were always two trapping nights. Dominant and subordinate males did not differ with respect to the time they were alive in the enclosures, the frequency of capture, or home range size. Overall, mice were more attracted to the odor of dominant males compared to subordinate males. This difference was due primarily to the attraction of estrous and juvenile females to the traps odorized by dominant males. Dominant males were more likely to be captured in traps odorized by estrous females than in traps odorized by juvenile males or females, nonestrous females, or pregnant/lactating females. Subordinate males were caught more frequently in traps odorized by dominant males than were other dominant males. Conversely, dominant males were captured more frequently in traps odorized by subordinate males than were other subordinate males. Rates of capture of self-odor were higher for subordinate than for dominant males. The results may be explained by a combination of factors related to the social and reproduction systems of house mice.
Golgi, Cajal, and the fine structure of the nervous system

Towards the middle of the 20th century, neuroanatomy was on the decline. It was revived by the development of two new methods. One was the Nauta-Gygax method, which selectively stained nerve fibers that had been caused to degenerate by experimental lesions. This allowed connections between various parts of the nervous system to be better determined. The second was electron microscopy, which allowed the structure of neurons and the synapses between them to be examined in detail, and eventually this led to a revival of the Golgi impregnation methods. This occurred in the 1970s because of the desire of electron microscopists to determine the origins of the neuronal profiles they encountered in electron micrographs of various parts of the central nervous system. Eventually this led to the development of Golgi/EM techniques, whereby individual impregnated neurons could first be characterized by light microscopy and then thin sectioned for detailed analyses. Examining the axon terminals of such impregnated neurons, especially those in the cerebral cortex, for the first time revealed details of intercellular connections and allowed neuronal circuits to be postulated. However, Golgi/EM had only a brief, but fruitful existence. It was soon superceded by intracellular filling techniques, which allowed the added dimension that the physiological properties of identified neurons could also be determined.
Ribosomal DNA variation among populations of a Pinus rigida Mill. (pitch pine) ecosystem: I. Distribution of copy numbers

Ribosomal DNA variation among populations of a Pinus rigida Mill. (pitch pine) ecosystem: I. Distribution of copy numbers
Hermitian Forms over Ordered ∗ -Fields

Abstract LetDbe a division ring with an involution. Assuming thatDadmits Baer orderings, we can study the Witt group of Hermitian forms overDby observing its image in the ring of continuous functions on the space of orderings. We are led to define a new class of rings which, when viewed in an abstract setting, provide a natural generalization of the spaces of orderings and real spectra studied in real algebraic geometry.
Electrode for Bulky Samples

Light and fluffy samples are encountered in mineralogy, as diatomaceous earth, for instance, as various biological ashes and as chemical precipitates that have been ignited in contact with filter paper. Such samples present a problem in loading into the cup of the usual graphite electrode. If large electrodes are used to contain the necessary quantity, then a great deal of carbon must be consumed during the exposure, adding to the spectral background and strengthening any impurity lines derived from the electrode itself.
Selective venous hypercarbia during human CPR: implications regarding blood flow.

Thirty-five patients presenting to the emergency department in cardiopulmonary arrest had simultaneous measurement of central venous (cv) and arterial (a) blood gases during CPR with a pneumatic chest compressor and ventilator. The mean cv, arterial pH, and PCO 2 values were markedly different ( P 2 gradient (PcvCO 2 — PaCO 2 ) was 60.5 ± 23.6 torr. This selective venous hypercarbia is probably due to a cardiac output that is inadequate to eliminate the CO 2 produced from both residual aerobic metabolism and the buffering of anaerobically produced lactic acid. Central venous blood gases are probably a better reflection of actual tissue environment during prolonged cardiac arrest than are arterial blood gases.
MR imaging of the major nerves about the elbow: cadaveric study examining the effect of flexion and extension of the elbow and pronation and supination of the forearm

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging provides useful information in the evaluation of peripheral nerves. Recent advances in MR imaging allow for detailed depiction of the soft tissue structures of the elbow joint. Three major nerves are present about the elbow. Six cadaveric elbows were imaged to depict the normal anatomy of these nerves and to determine the best plane and position of the elbow for optimal visualization of each nerve. Axial images of the elbow in full extension with the forearm in supination allow identification of all major nerves. Axial images with the elbow in full flexion allow accurate assessment of the cubital tunnel and the ulner nerve. Axial images of the elbow in full extension with the forearm in pronation are helpful for assessment of the median and radial nerves in the forearm.
Critical incidents of nonadherence with standard precautions guidelines among community hospital-based health care workers.

OBJECTIVE: To identify, categorize, and assess critical incidents of nonadherence to standard precautions.
Holographic vulnerability studies: vulnerabilities as fractures in interpretation as information flows across abstraction boundaries

We are always patching our systems against specific nstances of whatever the latest new, hot, trendy vulnerability type is. First it was time-of-check-to-time-of-use, then buffer overflows, then SQL injection, then cross-site scripting. Vulnerability studies are supposed to accomplish two main goals: to classify vulnerabilities into general classes so that unknown vulnerabilities of that class can be discovered in a proactive way, and to enable us to understand the fundamental nature of vulnerabilities so that when we build new systems we know how to make them secure.In this paper we propose a new paradigm for vulnerability studies: we view vulnerabilities as fractures in the interpretation of information as the information flows across the boundaries of different abstractions. We argue that categorizing vulnerabilities based on this view, as opposed to the types of categories that have been used in past vulnerability studies, makes vulnerability types more easily generalizable and avoids problems where vulnerabilities could be put in multiple categories.
Analysis of triacetone triperoxide (TATP) and TATP synthetic intermediates by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

The explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP) has been analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) on a linear quadrupole instrument, giving a 62.5 ng limit of detection in full scan positive ion mode. In the ESI interface with no applied fragmentor voltage the m/z 245 [TATP + Na](+) ion was observed along with m/z 215 [TATP + Na - C(2)H(6)](+) and 81 [(CH(3))(2)CO + Na](+). When TATP was ionized by ESI with an applied fragmentor voltage of 75 V, ions at m/z 141 [C(4)H(6)O(4) + Na](+) and 172 [C(5)H(9)O(5) + Na](+) were also observed. When the precipitates formed in the synthesis of TATP were analyzed before the reaction was complete, a new series of ions was observed in which the ions were separated by 74 m/z units, with ions occurring at m/z 205, 279, 353, 427, 501, 575, 649 and 723. The series of evenly spaced ions is accounted for as oligomeric acetone carbonyl oxides terminated as hydroperoxides, [HOOC(CH(3))(2){OOC(CH(3))(2)}(n)OOH + Na](+) (n = 1, 2 ... 8). The ESI-MS spectra for this homologous series of oligoperoxides have previously been observed from the ozonolysis of tetramethylethylene at low temperatures. Precipitates from the incomplete reaction mixture, under an applied fragmentor voltage of 100 V in ESI, produced an additional ion observed at m/z 99 [C(2)H(4)O(3) + Na](+), and a set of ions separated by 74 m/z units occurring at m/z 173, 247, 321, 395, 469 and 543, proposed to correspond to [CH(3)CO{OOC(CH(3))(2)}(n)OOH + Na](+) (n = 1,2 ... 5). Support for the assigned structures was obtained through the analysis of both protiated and perdeuterated TATP samples.
Degradation of myelin proteins by brain endogenous neutral protease.

A proteolytic enzyme isolated from calf brain cytosol, degraded purified myelin basic protein in the presence of Ca2+ at pH 7.0 (Singh, I. and Singh, A.K., Trans. Amer. Soc. Neurochem., 13 (1982) 119). This proteolytic enzyme also degrades basic proteins when incubated with intact myelin in the presence of Ca2+ at a neutral pH. Three hour treatment of purified myelin with this protease resulted in degradation of large basic protein and small basic protein by 73 and 89%, respectively. This proteolytic activity was inhibited by EDTA, leupeptin and low pH (pH 4.0), but was not affected by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, p-nitrophenylguanidinobenzoate and pepstatin A. Purified myelin preparations also contain small amounts of Ca2+-activated proteolytic activity. The fact that this is a neutral protease, endogenous to the brain, suggests that it may play a role in the degradation of myelin under physiological and pathological conditions.
A Política Externa Americana e seus críticos

This article employs the theory of hegemonic stability as the analytical tool and the starting point for the examination of the goals sought by a stream of critics in the United States who are proposing changes in the conduction of the current American foreign policy. The concepts of hard power and soft power, and the implications of both, are discussed in the context of external actions of the United States, with a contrast between the Cold War priorities and the new post-Cold War challenges, in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and the war in Iraq.
The Word in Arabic

This volume includes a selection of papers given at the first Colloquium of Arabic Linguistics, which was held at the Universita degli Studi Roma Tre on 1–3 March 2007. The focus of the colloquium ...
Repair of RC bridge columns with interlocking spirals and fractured longitudinal bars – An experimental study

Abstract A technique to repair reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns containing interlocking spirals and having buckled and/or fractured longitudinal bars was assessed through experimental tests. The repair technique involved removing spirals, removing longitudinal bar segments in the plastic hinge region and replacing them with new bar segments that were mechanically spliced to the existing bars with bar couplers, and applying an externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) jacket in lieu of replacing the spirals. Two 1/2-scale prototype bridge columns repaired using two types of mechanical couplers were investigated in this study. The repaired columns were tested under constant axial loading and slow reversed cyclic lateral loading resulting in combined flexural moment, shear, and torsional moment. Test results show that the repair method was successful in restoring the lateral and torsional strength to both columns. The lateral and torsional deformation capacity was restored to one column, while the other was not able to be assessed due to early termination of testing. This study also provides information on the performance of mechanical bar couplers in plastic hinge regions.
Endopyelotomy in the Age of Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Pyeloplasty

Ureteropelvic junction obstructixon (UPJO) management has undergone significant changes in the past few years. The aim of this review is to establish the role of endopyelotomy in the age of laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP). Open pyeloplasty (OP) has been the gold standard of care for UPJO for the past six decades. Due to lower long-term efficacy, endopyelotomy has failed to replace OP. However, laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) has been able to reproduce the high success rates of OP, while also achieving minimal morbidity. Unfortunately, the steep learning curve and technical difficulties have hindered its use. Recently, robot-assisted systems have enabled LP to overcome its disadvantages, and this may render endopyelotomy obsolete. Although LP and RALP are emerging as the gold standard of treatment for UPJO, endopyelotomy could carve out a niche area as a salvage procedure. Endopyelotomy will continue to have a role in the management of UPJO, albeit a smaller one.
Image registration for Fizeau Fourier transform imaging spectroscopy

Fourier transform imaging spectroscopy (FTIS) can be performed with a Fizeau imaging interferometer by recording a series of images with various optical path differences (OPDs) between subapertures of the optical system and postprocessing. The quality of the spectral data is affected by misregistration of the raw image measurements. A Fizeau FTIS system possesses unique degrees of freedom that can be used to facilitate image registration without further complication of the system design. We describe a registration technique based on the fact that certain spatial frequencies of the raw imagery are independent of the OPDs introduced between subapertures. Operational and post-processing tradeoffs associated with this technique are described, and the technique is demonstrated using computer-simulated data with image shift misregistrations under realistic noise conditions.
Anchorage of the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene to the nuclear scaffold occurs in an intragenic region.

Abstract We have identified a region near the center of the dihydrofolate reductase gene dhfr in Chinese hamster ovary cells that is attached to nuclear scaffolds isolated by extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate. Detailed analysis presented here reveals the presence of only two closely linked sites in 35,000 base-pairs scanned that mediate attachment of the dhfr gene to the nuclear scaffold. Sequence analysis of one of the sites reveals a high A+T content, the presence of cleavage consensus sequences for topoisomerase II, and direct and inverted repeated sequence motifs that are localized to a small region of the attachment site. Attachment of these two regions to the nuclear scaffold is observed in wild-type, hemizygous, and amplified cell lines. Attachment is also retained in dhfr mutants isolated in our laboratory, in which chromosomal lesions have occurred directly adjacent to the scaffold-associated regions. These two regions are not bound to scaffolds prepared from isolated metaphase chromosomes, suggesting that attachment of the dhfr gene is lost during mitosis.
Organizing image databases as visual-content search trees

Abstract An unsupervised algorithm for arranging an image database as a visual-content binary search tree is described. Tree nodes are associated with image subsets, maintaining the property that the similarity among the images associated with the children of a node is higher than the similarity among the images associated with the parent node. Visual-content search trees can be used to automate image retrieval, and help a human to interactively search for images. Experiments with datasets of hundreds and thousands of images show that shallow trees produce clustering into `meaningful' classes.
The Relationship of Phosphorus, Calcium, and Vitamin D3 in the Diet of Broiler-Type Chicks

Abstract WITHIN the past few years much attention has been directed toward a re-evaluation of the nutritive requirements of poultry. An example of this is the extensive research at several institutions directed toward establishing the phosphorus requirement of chicks (Simco and Stephenson, 1960; Lillie et al., 1961; Formica et al., 1961; Vandepopuliere et al., 1961). However, varying results have been reported. A part of the variability in the results obtained may have been due to the inter-relationship in the diet of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, which has long been known to be important for satisfactory growth and bone development (Bethke et al., 1928; Hart et al., 1930; Wilgus, 1931; McChesney and Giacomino, 1945; Carver et al., 1946; Migicovsky and Emslie, 1947). To gain additional information about the inter-relationship of these factors, two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various calcium: phosphorus ratios and levels of vitamin D3 on…
Role of soil and residue microorganisms in determining the extent of residue decomposition in soil

Abstract The effects of residue (wheat straw or sewage-sludge compost) incorporation in soil and the relative contribution of microorganisms in the residues, or in the soil to decomposition of the added residue, (CO 2 production) was evaluated in an incubation experiment. All residues and soils were adjusted to 33 kPa moisture tension and maintained at 25°C under a constant flow of CO 2 -free air for 72 days. Residue decomposition was determined by monitoring CO 2 evolution from the treatments. Mixing an aged sewage-sludge compost (10%, 224 Mg ha −1 ) with soil stimulated decomposition of the compost 1.64-fold when compared with any of the localized placements, and indicated that the indigenous soil microorganisms were the major contributors to the transformations of this mature compost. Wheat straw was populated with organisms capable of decomposing readily-available substrates in the straw during the first stage of the decomposition, whereas it appeared that soil organisms contributed to an acceleration of straw decomposition during the final stages. After 65 days approx. 30% of the added wheat straw C had been evolved as CO 2 . Soil basidiomycetes doubled the extent of decomposition when the indigenous decomposers in wheat were inactivated by γ-irradiation. Model equations are presented for residue decomposition relative to time.
Acquisition of international documents as seen from both sides: Users and producers

Abstract Reviews the sources and difficulties in the acquisition of international documents, including the United Nations, but with a primary focus upon those produced by the International Labour Office. Identifies principal collections in the United States and evaluates their means for meeting the needs of the serious documents user. Suggests the need for a comprehensive plan by producers to provide users more effective blanket order services. Recommends that the Association of International Libraries be considered as an international middle-person to seek ways to make the acquisition of international organization documents and publications easier for all and, given the proper financing, to serve as a blanket order dealer for international publications.
The arc mutants of Arabidopsis with fewer large chloroplasts have a lower mesophyll conductance

Photosynthetic cells of most land plant lineages have numerous small chloroplasts even though most algae, and even the early diverging land plant group the hornworts, tend to have one or a few large chloroplasts. One constraint that small chloroplasts could improve is the resistance to CO2 diffusion from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. We examined the mesophyll conductance (inverse of the diffusion resistance) of mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants with one or only a few large chloroplasts per cell. The accumulation and replication of chloroplasts (arc) mutants of A. thaliana were studied by model fitting to gas exchange data and 13CO2 discrimination during carbon fixation. The two methods generally agreed, but the value of the CO2 compensation point of Rubisco (Γ *) used in the model had a large impact on the estimated photosynthetic parameters, including mesophyll conductance. We found that having only a few large chloroplasts per cell resulted in a 25–50 % reduction in the mesophyll conductance at ambient CO2.
Benzyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits HNSCC Cell Migration and Invasion, and Sensitizes HNSCC Cells to Cisplatin

Metastasis and chemoresistance represent two detrimental events that greatly hinder the outcome for those suffering with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Herein, we investigated benzyl isothiocyanate's (BITC) ability to inhibit HNSCC migration and invasion and enhance chemotherapy. Our data suggests that treatment with BITC 1) induced significant reductions in the viability of multiple HNSCC cell lines tested (HN12, HN8, and HN30) after 24 and 48 h, 2) decreased migration and invasion of the HN12 cells in a dose dependent manner, and 3) inhibited expression and altered localization of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, vimentin. We also observed that a pretreatment of BITC followed by cisplatin treatment 1) induced a greater decrease in HN12, HN30, and HN8 cell viability and total cell count than either treatment alone and 2) significantly increased apoptosis when compared to either treatment alone. Taken together these data suggest that BITC has the capacity to inhibit proc...
Computational design and experimental testing of the fastest-folding β-sheet protein.

Abstract One of the most important and elusive goals of molecular biology is the formulation of a detailed, atomic-level understanding of the process of protein folding. Fast-folding proteins with low free-energy barriers have proved to be particularly productive objects of investigation in this context, but the design of fast-folding proteins was previously driven largely by experiment. Dramatic advances in the attainable length of molecular dynamics simulations have allowed us to characterize in atomic-level detail the folding mechanism of the fast-folding all-β WW domain FiP35. In the work reported here, we applied the biophysical insights gained from these studies to computationally design an even faster-folding variant of FiP35 containing only naturally occurring amino acids. The increased stability and high folding rate predicted by our simulations were subsequently validated by temperature-jump experiments. The experimentally measured folding time was 4.3 μs at 80 °C—about three times faster than the fastest previously known protein with β-sheet content and in good agreement with our prediction. These results provide a compelling demonstration of the potential utility of very long molecular dynamics simulations in redesigning proteins well beyond their evolved stability and folding speed.
Voriconazole-Associated Periostitis in a Heart Transplant Patient

A 60 year-old female with a history of a heart transplant was treated with voriconazole for presumed pulmonary aspergillosis. After approximately three months, she began to experience progressively worsening musculoskeletal pain. Her presentation was notable for widespread tenderness, a lack of digital clubbing, and elevated alkaline phosphatase. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated increased activity at multiple locations correlating with the patient’s pain. Periostitis was identified in these locations on radiographs. A few months after discontinuing voriconazole, the patient’s pain had resolved, alkaline phosphatase had normalized, and abnormal activity on scintigraphy had markedly improved.
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS (EFA), PROSTAGLANDINS (PGS) AND HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE (HMD)

PGE and F exert physiological effect on the smooth muscle of blood vessels and the tracheobronchial tree; PGE dilates and F constricts. The lungs are a major site for synthesis, release and degradation of PGS. Altered PGS functions may thus contribute to the pathophysiology of HMD. 8 infants with HMD and 6 controls were studied by analyzing their plasma for PGS by radioimmunoassay, and precursor EFA by TLC and GLC. Gestational age and birth weight of sick infants were similar to controls; 31.4±4.1 vs 33.0±3.2 weeks and 1738±708 vs 1830±204 gms, respectively. Dihomo-γ-linoleic and arachidonic acids were similar in both groups. The following PGS results (mean±SD) were obtained (pg/ml). The study demonstrated: (1) plasma PGE and F are elevated in HMD as compared with controls and the ratio PGE:F is decreased; (2) upon recovery from HMD, PGE and F are elevated as compared with controls but PGE:F ratio is increased and similar to controls; (3) increased PGE level and high PGE:F ratio may contribute to the PDA.
Complete basis set, hybrid-DFT study and NBO interpretations of conformational behaviors of trans-2,3- and trans-2,5-dihalo-1,4-dithianes

The conformational behaviors of trans-2,3-dihalo-1,4-dithiane [halo = F (1), Cl (2), Br (3)] and trans-2,5-dihalo-1,4-dithiane [halo = F (4), Cl (5), Br (6)] have been analyzed by means of complete basis set CBS-4, hybrid-density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311 + G**//B3LYP/6-311 + G**) based methods, and natural bond orbital (NBO) interpretation. Both methods showed that the axial conformations of compounds 1–5 are more stable than their equatorial conformations but CBS-4 resulted in an equatorial preference for compound 6. The Gibbs free energy difference (Geq−Gax) values (i.e., ΔGeq–ax) at 298.15 K and 1 atm between the axial and equatorial conformations decrease from compound 1 to compound 2 but increase from compound 2 to compound 3. Also, the calculated ΔGeq–ax values decrease from compound 4 to compound 6. The NBO analysis of donor–acceptor (LP σ*) interactions showed that the anomeric effect (AE) increase from compound 1 to compound 3 and also from compound 4 to compound 6. On the other hand, the calculated dipole moment values between the axial and equatorial conformations [Δ(µeq−µax)] decrease from compound 1 to compound 3. The conflict between the increase of AE and the decrease of Δ(µeq−µax) values could explain the variation of the calculated ΔGeq–ax for compounds 1–3. The Gibbs free energy difference values between the axial and equatorial conformations (i.e., ΔGax–ax and ΔGeq–eq) of compounds 1 and 4, 2 and 5 and also 3 and 6 have been calculated. The correlations between the AE, bond orders, pairwise steric exchange energies (PSEE), ΔGeq–ax, ΔGax–ax, ΔGeq–eq, dipole–dipole interactions, structural parameters, and conformational behaviors of compounds 1–6 have been investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraoral maxillary quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy: a long-term follow-up study.

Abstract Purpose This study evaluated the clinical outcome and skeletal stability of the intraoral maxillary quadrangular Le Fort II osteotomy (IQLO) with wire or rigid internal fixation following horizontal maxillary advancement. Patients and methods All 21 patients who had undergone the IQLO were analyzed for operation time, blood loss, length of hospitalization, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and radiographic abnormalities. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken preoperatively (T1), postoperatively (T2) and late postoperatively (T3) to analyze skeletal movement. Two maxillary landmarks (posterior nasal spine [PNS] and A point) and 2 dental landmarks (the distobuccal cusp tip of the maxillary left second molar [2M] and the maxillary incisal tip [CI]) were used to determine horizontal and vertical changes for each time period. Student t test was used to evaluate early postoperative changes and late postoperative stability. In addition, 21 patients completed a questionnaire at the most recent follow-up visit regarding personal intentions, perceived outcome, and overall satisfaction. Results Twenty-one patients (9 females, 12 males) with an average age of 20.3 years diagnosed with horizontal maxillary-zygomatic deficiency underwent IQLO by 1 surgeon with an average follow-up of 6.3 years. Nine patients received mini-plate osseous segment fixation and 12 patients received wire osseous segment fixation. The mean time from surgery to the first postoperative radiograph (T2) was 4.4 weeks (range 1.0 to 6.7 weeks) and the mean time from surgery to the late postoperative radiograph (T3) was 6.2 years (range, 7.9 to 176.3 months). Statistical analysis of cephalometric landmarks revealed the following significant late postsurgical movements (T3-T2) for wire fixation: PNS moved 1.0 mm inferiorly (SD, 1.2), and 2M moved 1.5 mm inferiorly (SD, 2.2). The remaining cephalometric landmarks for rigid and wire fixation showed no statistically significant late postsurgical movement. Clinical outcome analysis revealed few complications, low surgical and postsurgical morbidity, and excellent patient satisfaction. Conclusion The IQLO is a predictable procedure that exhibits long-term skeletal stability. Long-term retrospective review revealed low postsurgical morbidity and high patient satisfaction.
Performance Evaluation of Single and Multichannel Microwave Radiometers for Soil Moisture Retrieval

The performance of single-channel, two-channel, and six-channel microwave radiometers is evaluated for the retrieval of soil moisture using parameterized numerical simulations. Commonly used frequencies of 1.4 GHz, 2.7 GHz, and 6.6 GHz at vertical and/or horizontal linear polarizations are considered. The best single-channel retrieval uses 1.4 GHz at vertical polarization (1.4 V). This channel is least sensitive to variable surface roughness and vegetation canopy, but all single-channel sensors, including 1.4 V, are degraded without some level of a priori information about these masking variables. The sensitivity to surface roughness is reduced significantly at 2.7 GHz and 6.6 GHz by increasing the angle of incidence beyond 25°. The best two-channel case uses 1.4 V and 2.7 H to simultaneously retrieve both soil moisture and surface roughness. This improves the soil moisture retrieval and eliminates the need for a priori information about surface roughness. The sensitivity to variations in vegetation canopy is also acceptably small. Simultaneous use of all six channels to retrieve soil moisture, surface roughness, and vegetation canopy provides only marginal improvement over the best two-channel performance. The small amount of additional information contained in the other four channels is largely masked by typical levels of measurement noise.
How are number words mapped to approximate magnitudes

How do we map number words to the magnitudes they represent? While much is known about the developmental trajectory of number word learning, the acquisition of the counting routine, and the academi...
The Gore-Tex anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. Two versus three year results.

A prospective clinical study of the results of prosthetic ligament replacement of the ACL with the Gore-Tex polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis was undertaken. Thirty-three (80%) of 41 patients were available at a minimum 36 month followup (mean, 48 months; range, 36 to 62). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed an 82% probability of survival of the polytetrafluoroethyl ene ligament at the 48 month followup. When compared to the same data at a minimum 24 month followup, the results appeared to have deterioriated somewhat over time. Three possible "predictors" of failure at later fol lowup were identified: preoperative subjective symp toms of swelling, subjective symptoms of giving way at 2 years, and an increased anterior drawer sign at 2 years.
Mobility and marriage in two medieval Jewish societies

A significant characteristic of pre-modern Jewish life in both the Muslim and Christian realms is geographic mobility. There has been little specific scholarly work on Jewish women and geographic mobility but the available primary sources show that women traveled frequently and for a variety of reasons. This essay focuses on women’s mobility and particularly their migrations due to marriage in both Muslim and Christian milieus. It poses questions about how medieval Jewish communities balanced values of family propinquity versus economic interests. Marriage contracts and letters from the Cairo Genizah demonstrate that marriages over significant distances to cement mercantile or intellectual alliances were not uncommon. Genizah writings also reveal that indigent women were frequent travelers, seeking runaway husbands and financial support. Rabbinic responsa literature of the tenth to thirteenth centuries from France and Germany shows that Jewish women’s mobility in Ashkenaz, both for marriage and for business, was generally within a more limited region. In this society, families tended to move as a group and women often preferred migrating with their parents rather than remaining with a husband. The far more frequent long distance marriages among Jewish women in the Muslim world reflect a more developed system of far-flung scholarly contacts and economic alliances. Similarly, the much larger Jewish population in Islamic realms also meant that there were more women from elite families and more indigent abandoned wives, the two groups particularly likely to travel due to marital prospects and marital woes.
Computerized tomography of the orbit using thin sections

OMPUTERIZED tomography (CT) has made a great impact on the diagnosis and management of orbital disease.‘~2.7,8.‘0,‘2,14,16-18~20 It has replaced orbitography, orbital venography, and to a great extent arteriography.” The natural radiographic contrast provided by the high fat content in the orbit facilitates detection of a broad spectrum of pathologic conditions, and particularly of small lesions. To maximize the usefulness of CT in the orbit, we have modified our EMI head scanner with a special collimator that thins the x-ray beam from the standard 8 mm down to 4 mm. With this modification, improved anatomic resolution, particularly in the orbital apex, was achieved. Lesions in the apex are difficult to detect and characterize on thick sections, even with machines featuring a finer matrix than the 160 X 160 used in this work. The dose delivered by the technique described here is approximately 2 rads per patient. The dose is usually substantially higher if a total body machine with a finer matrix is used.
Carry length distribution analysis for self-timed asynchronous adders

Due to the synchronization method employed by most modern digital circuits, the maximum propagation delay through an adder unit is typically used to set the system level delay for addition operations. The actual delay of a binary addition computation is fundamentally tied to the longest carry propagation chain created by certain input operands. Although the probability of lengthy carry propagation chains is quite low, modern synchronous adders devote a large portion of their silicon area and energy consumption to speeding up the propagation of carries through the adder. Therefore, considerable die area and system power must be spent optimizing the improbable worst case delay. Using asynchronous self-timed circuits, similar adder performance can be obtained at a fraction of the hardware cost and energy consumption. This paper shows the inadequacy of characterizing self-timed adder performance using the assumption that typical input operands are uniformly randomly distributed, and presents a new self-timed adder characterization benchmark based on the SpecINT 2000 benchmark suite. The SpecINT 2000 benchmark was selected since there is no published carry propagation chain distribution for this modern benchmark suite and the benchmark is well suited for measuring carry propagation chains due to its code size and the fact that it is a non-synthetic benchmark. All totaled, over 4.7 billion addition/subtraction operations resulting from address and data calculations were tabulated to create the SpecINT 2000 Carry Propagation Distribution. This new carry propagation distribution sheds light on the accuracy of existing distributions based on the Dhrystone integer benchmark and demonstrates how measuring self-timed adder performance with a uniformly random input distribution can overestimate self-timed adder performance by over 50 percent.
The Reliability and Validity of a Group-Based Measure of Adolescents' Friendship Closeness

Objective: Six items were administered to a multiethnic sample of 435 middle school—age participants in a group-delivered safer sex intervention to determine their reliability and validity. Method: Exploratory analyses were followed by confirmatory factor analyses, and then correlations of scale scores with theoretically related variables were computed. Results: Findings favored a unidimensional scale with high internal consistency (with as few as two and as many as five items). Scale scores were generally related to other constructs as expected. Conclusions: The items show evidence of reliability and validity. In addition to the items' use in peer group research, the findings have implications for practice in terms of group leader training and facilitation, and the items' use as assessment tools.
Control of Wind Turbine Systems With Input Saturation Using Online Trajectory Replanning

For wind turbine control systems, if the wind speed changes rapidly, traditional maximum power point tracking strategy will have problems caused by input saturation due to the fast changing desired rotor speed and the large inertia of rotor. This paper proposes a new control strategy to effectively deal with the input saturation problem of wind turbine systems. A double-loop control structure is developed. In the inner loop, a feedback controller is designed to regulate the rotor speed with guaranteed tracking accuracy in spite of various types of uncertainties. In the outer loop, an online trajectory replanning algorithm is implemented to regenerate the desired rotor speed and pitch angle to make the closed-loop system satisfy the input and speed constraints while making the converging speed of the replanned trajectory to the optimal desired trajectory as fast as possible so that the energy loss during transient period is minimized. Simulation result using FAST demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.© 2010 ASME
Follow-up of a flatulent patient.

This paper describes a low-flatulence diet developed by an extremely flatulent patient. Based on meticulous recording of each passage of flatus, the patient employed an elimination diet to determine what foods were responsible for his gas production. The diet reduced the frequency of his gas passage from 34±7 to 17±5 times per day (normal: 14±6) and similar reductions were observed by two other flatulent patients during adherence to the diet. The rectal gas of each of these subjects largely consisted of two gases (CO2 and H2) which result from bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates. The diet, which is low in lactose and wheat products, presumably minimizes the quantity of carbohydrates delivered to the colonic bacteria.
Navajo jaundice: a variant of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia associated with breast feeding

A clinical and chemical appraisal of 47 newborn Navajo infants demonstrated a high incidence of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia during the first week of life. Within this study population two subgroups were identified: (1) breast-fed infants in whom inhibition of bilirubin glucuronyl transferase activity was related to a substance in colostrum and breast milk in the first days of life and (2) a smaller subgroup of bottle-fed infants who had significant jaundice when compared with a control population from New York. The serum bilirubin concentrations of the Navajo bottle-fed infants never achieved those of the breast-fed subgroup. These data suggest that to some extent the neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia noted in the Navajo Indian is related to breast feeding, with earlier transmission of the presumed inhibitor substance than previously observed in a Caucasian population.
Interval Estimation of Correlation Coefficients Corrected for Restriction of Range.

Two objectives guided the present study: (1) to provide a suitable test for the hypothesis rho = 0, and (2) to establish nomograms by which general users of R can set confidence intervals on rho. The first objective was approached by testing several possible solutions similar to the procedure followed by Forsyth. The second objective was pursued via a combination of a general analytical procedure (Mood and Graybill, 1963) together with computer simulation techniques and a curve fitting technique (Usow, 1970). Procedures for achieving both objectives required the use of R distributions. The method used to obtain the necessary r distributions and the two procedures and their results are described.
Spectrometric Imager. Part 2

This paper describes the operation of a simple spectrometric imager. The device analyzes radiation from an object into sixty-three spatial and fifteen spectral resolution elements. It can provide a fifteen-color spectrum for each point on the object, or alternately a series of fifteen pictures, each obtained at a different set of wavelengths.
Palladium-catalyzed allylation of lithium 3-alkenyl-1-cyclopentenolates-triethylborane and its application to a selective synthesis of methyl (z)-jasmonate1

Abstract A Pd-catalyzed allylation of 3-substituted 1-cyclopentenolates with readily obtainable and storable γ-monosubstituted (Z)-allylic acetates in a 1:1 ratio in the presence of 2 mol % of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 featuring high yields and high stereo- and regioselectivities has been developed and applied to the synthesis of methyl (Z)-jasmonate.