cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Details of the Incident

The incident occurred in July 2007, at approximately 3:00 p.m. in a mid-sized U.S. city. A police officer was on patrol in a marked police car in the City when he was approached by an Hispanic male who informed him that he had just been robbed inside his store. The officer broadcasted over the police radio that three White or Hispanic males were seen running east bound on City streets from the store.
What Would You Do? Conducting Web-Based Factorial Vignette Surveys

Factorial vignette studies combine survey methodologies with an experimental research design, and allow researchers to examine subjects’ reactions to hypothetical scenarios (vignettes) while controlling for variables within the scenarios. Slightly different versions of the vignettes are randomly assigned to respondents. This chapter guides readers through the necessary steps to craft, administer, and analyze a factorial survey. After first assessing the suitability of a factorial vignette design to the topic, researcher should settle on the number of variables according to budget constraints, and then craft realistic vignettes with multiple versions according to the number of variables. This chapter provides guidelines as to programming the survey, sampling populations, and administration of the survey. Finally, it examines the presentation of findings and the typical limitations of a factorial study.
Application of Discrete Element Methods to Approximate Sea Ice Dynamics

Lagrangian models of sea-ice dynamics have several advantages over Eulerian continuum models. Spatial discretization on the ice-floe scale are natural for Lagrangian models and offer exact solutions for mechanical non-linearities with arbitrary sea-ice concentrations. This allows for improved model performance in ice-marginal zones. Furthermore, Lagrangian models can explicitly simulate jamming processes such as sea ice movement through narrow confinements. Granular jamming is a chaotic process that occurs when the right grains arrive at the right place at the right time, and the jamming likelihood over time can be described by a probabilistic model. While difficult to parameterize in continuum formulations, jamming emerges spontaneously in dense granular systems simulated in a Lagrangian framework. Here, we present a flexible discrete-element framework for approximating Lagrangian sea-ice mechanics at the ice-floe scale, forced by ocean and atmosphere velocity fields. Our goal is to evaluate the potential of simpler models than the traditional discrete-element methods for granular dynamics. We demonstrate that frictionless contact models based on compressive stiffness alone are unlikely to produce jamming, and describe two different approaches based on Coulomb-friction and cohesion which both result in increased bulk shear strength of the granular assemblage. The frictionless but cohesive contact model displays jamming behavior which is similar to the more complex model with Coulomb friction and ice-floe rotation at larger scales, and has significantly lower computational cost.
Zoonotic Infections from Hantavirus and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) Associated with Rodent Colonies That Were Not Experimentally Infected

The risk assessment for research involving rodents housed in colonies must include the potential for transmission of Hantavirus and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Various zoonotic strai...
Better Safe than Sorry: A Dual-Function Viral Protein Inhibiting Host Defense

Viruses employ intricate means to evade host innate immune systems. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Nayak et al. (2018) demonstrate that the cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) protein CrPV-1A blocks host defense through a dual mechanism: directly inhibiting Argonaute2 (Ago2) and simultaneously targeting Ago2 for proteasomal degradation.
Ministry of Truth? Why Law Can’t Stop Prevarications, Bullshit, and Straight-Out Lies in Political Campaigns

Governmental actions to restrain campaign falsehoods include federal and state statutes and judicial intervention. The article offers a taxonomy of campaign falsehoods and the different harms various kinds of falsehood generate and examines statutes adopted in sixteen states aimed at false speech about candidates, this article argues that efforts to control false speech about candidates (whether positive about the speaker or falsely negative about the opponents) face insurmountable First Amendment obstacles, as every court to consider such a statute has concluded. If the government becomes the arbiter of truth or falsehood, it is engaging in content-based regulation. Moreover, the article demonstrates how difficult it is for even a court to agree on what amounts to a verifiable lie. The dangers of emerging technology, social media, and culture that were so apparent in the 2016 election do not fundamentally diminish the strength of the First Amendment principles that forbid the state from labelling speech as true or false.
Magnetization clustering inversion — Part 2: Assessing the uncertainty of recovered magnetization directions

ABSTRACTThe unknown magnetization directions in the presence of remanence have posed great challenges for interpreting magnetic data. Estimating magnetization directions based on magnetic measureme...
Abstract 5052: Immune profiles in the San Francisco Adult Glioma Study using Immunomethylomics

Glioma patients demonstrate abnormalities in peripheral blood leukocytes that have been associated with survival time. Here we assessed immune cell profiles in archival blood samples obtained 5-25 years ago using a novel epigenetic approach called immunomethylomics. We first validated the approach to measure the proportions of CD4 T, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, and monocytes in archival blood using the new 850,000 feature EPIC Illumina methylation bead array. The immunomethylomic assay was shown to match the performance of multiparametric flow cytometry and thus is a highly accurate method for immune profiling. We next measured cell profiles in blood from 312 molecularly defined AGS subjects. In this cohort we enriched for patients with triple negative tumor subtypes (IDH wildtype, 1p19q negative, TERT non-mutant). Elevations in the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) significantly increased with grade, whereas the proportions of T and B cells decreased with increasing grade. Using an established cut point of > 4.0 for the NLR revealed that this immune parameter was associated with shorter survival times in glioblastoma (median overall survival (mOS) 12.6 vs. 16.9 months) and non-glioblastoma (mOS 16.7 vs. 36 months) patients. Ongoing analyses of the cohort will be presented to evaluate the effects of age, gender, surgery, chemoradiation and tumor grade on the survival results. Because DNA based immune cell profiles do not require intact cells nor preserved proteins, they provide a powerful tool to glean potentially important immunologic information from historic stored samples that would otherwise be useless using current cytometry-based approaches. Citation Format: John K. Wiencke, Annette Molinaro, Warrier Gayathri, Jennifer Clarke, Jennie Taylor, Devin Koestler, Joe Wiemels, Helen Hanson, Lee Sean, Terri Rice, Lucie McCoy, Lucas Salas, Wrensch Margaret, Brock Christensen, Karl T. Kelsey. Immune profiles in the San Francisco Adult Glioma Study using Immunomethylomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5052.
DeepHarmony: A deep learning approach to contrast harmonization across scanner changes.

Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a flexible medical imaging modality that often lacks reproducibility between protocols and scanners. It has been shown that even when care is taken to standardize acquisitions, any changes in hardware, software, or protocol design can lead to differences in quantitative results. This greatly impacts the quantitative utility of MRI in multi-site or long-term studies, where consistency is often valued over image quality. We propose a method of contrast harmonization, called DeepHarmony, which uses a U-Net-based deep learning architecture to produce images with consistent contrast. To provide training data, a small overlap cohort (n = 8) was scanned using two different protocols. Images harmonized with DeepHarmony showed significant improvement in consistency of volume quantification between scanning protocols. A longitudinal MRI dataset of patients with multiple sclerosis was also used to evaluate the effect of a protocol change on atrophy calculations in a clinical research setting. The results show that atrophy calculations were substantially and significantly affected by protocol change, whereas such changes have a less significant effect and substantially reduced overall difference when using DeepHarmony. This establishes that DeepHarmony can be used with an overlap cohort to reduce inconsistencies in segmentation caused by changes in scanner protocol, allowing for modernization of hardware and protocol design in long-term studies without invalidating previously acquired data.
HeALTH: An Automated Platform for Long-term Longitudinal Studies of Whole Organisms under Precise Environmental Control

ABSTRACT Health and longevity in all organisms are strongly influenced by the environment. To fully understand how environmental factors interact with genetic and stochastic factors to modulate the aging process, it is crucial to precisely control environmental conditions for long-term studies. In the commonly used model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, existing assays for healthspan and lifespan have inherent limitations, making it difficult to perform large-scale, longitudinal aging studies under precise environmental control. To address this constraint, we developed the Health and Lifespan Testing Hub (HeALTH), an automated, microfluidic-based system for robust, long-term, longitudinal behavioral monitoring. Our system provides spatiotemporal environmental control. We demonstrate health and lifespan studies under a variety of genetic and environmental perturbations while observing how individuality plays a role in the aging process. This system is generalizable beyond aging research for C. elegans, particularly for short- or long-term behavioral assays, and is also possible to be adapted for other model systems.
Constraints on the expansion of paralogous protein families

Summary Duplication and divergence is a major mechanism by which new proteins and functions emerge in biology. Consequently, most organisms, in all domains of life, have genomes that encode large paralogous families of proteins. For recently duplicated pathways to acquire different, independent functions, the two paralogs must acquire mutations that effectively insulate them from one another. For instance, paralogous signaling proteins must acquire mutations that endow them with different interaction specificities such that they can participate in different signaling pathways without disruptive cross-talk. Although duplicated genes undoubtedly shape each other’s evolution as they diverge and attain new functions, it is less clear how other paralogs impact or constrain gene duplication. Does the establishment of a new pathway by duplication and divergence require the system-wide optimization of all paralogs? The answer has profound implications for molecular evolution and our ability to engineer biological systems. Here, we discuss models, experiments, and approaches for tackling this question, and for understanding how new proteins and pathways are born.
Three Decades of Progress in Sleep Disorders and Sleep Health for Women

Over the past 3 decades, significant strides have been made in the field of sleep medicine for women. The impact of sex and gender on sleep health and sleep disorders received little attention in t...
Source of 12C in Calvin–Benson cycle intermediates and isoprene emitted from plant leaves fed with 13CO2

Feeding 14CO2 was crucial to uncovering the path of carbon in photosynthesis. Feeding 13CO2 to photosynthesizing leaves emitting isoprene has been used to develop hypotheses about the sources of carbon for the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway, which makes the precursors for terpene synthesis in chloroplasts and bacteria. Both photosynthesis and isoprene studies found that products label very quickly (<10 min) up to 80-90% but the last 10-20% of labeling requires hours indicating a source of 12C during photosynthesis and isoprene emission. Furthermore, studies with isoprene showed that the proportion of slow label could vary significantly. This was interpreted as a variable contribution of carbon from sources other than the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) feeding the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway. Here, we measured the degree of label in isoprene and photosynthetic metabolites 20 min after beginning to feed 13CO2. Isoprene labeling was the same as labeling of photosynthesis intermediates. High temperature reduced the label in isoprene and photosynthesis intermediates by the same amount indicating no role for alternative carbon sources for isoprene. A model assuming glucose, fructose, and/or sucrose reenters the CBC as ribulose 5-phosphate through a cytosolic shunt involving glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was consistent with the observations.
Solid-state additive manufacturing of aluminum and copper using additive friction stir deposition: Process-microstructure linkages

Abstract Among metal additive manufacturing technologies, additive friction stir deposition stands out for its ability to create freeform and fully-dense structures without melting and solidification. Here, we employ a comparative approach to investigate the process-microstructure linkages in additive friction stir deposition, utilizing two materials with distinct thermomechanical behavior—an Al-Mg-Si alloy and Cu—both of which are challenging to print using beam-based additive processes. The deposited Al-Mg-Si is shown to exhibit a relatively homogeneous microstructure with extensive subgrain formation and a strong shear texture, whereas the deposited Cu is characterized by a wide distribution of grain sizes and a weaker shear texture. We show evidence that the microstructure in Al-Mg-Si primarily evolves by continuous dynamic recrystallization, including geometric dynamic recrystallization and progressive lattice rotation, while the heterogeneous microstructure of Cu results from discontinuous recrystallization during both deposition and cooling. In Al-Mg-Si, the continuous recrystallization progresses with an increase of the applied strain, which correlates with the ratio between the tool rotation rate Ω and travel velocity V . Conversely, the microstructure evolution in Cu is found to be less dependent on Ω , instead varying more with changes to V . This difference originates from the absence of Cu rotation in the deposition zone, which reduces the influence of tool rotation on strain development. We attribute the distinct process-microstructure linkages and the underlying mechanisms between Al-Mg-Si and Cu to their differences in intrinsic thermomechanical properties and interactions with the tool head.
Harnessing cellular immunity for vaccination against respiratory viruses

Severe respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, metapneumovirus (HMPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RV), and coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), cause significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. These viruses have been identified as important causative agents of acute respiratory disease in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Clinical signs of infection range from mild upper respiratory illness to more serious lower respiratory illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Additionally, these illnesses can have long-lasting impact on patient health well beyond resolution of the viral infection. Aside from influenza, there are currently no licensed vaccines against these viruses. However, several research groups have tested various vaccine candidates, including those that utilize attenuated virus, virus-like particles (VLPs), protein subunits, and nanoparticles, as well as recent RNA vaccines, with several of these approaches showing promise. Historically, vaccine candidates have advanced, dependent upon the ability to activate the humoral immune response, specifically leading to strong B cell responses and neutralizing antibody production. More recently, it has been recognized that the cellular immune response is also critical in proper resolution of viral infection and protection against detrimental immunopathology associated with severe disease and therefore, must also be considered when analyzing the efficacy and safety of vaccine candidates. These candidates would ideally result in robust CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses as well as high-affinity neutralizing antibody. This review will aim to summarize established and new approaches that are being examined to harness the cellular immune response during respiratory viral vaccination.
619. Quantifying the non-billable workload of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT) services in a University Infectious Diseases (ID) Clinic

Background OPAT service has health and economic benefits for the patient, health care facility and the general community. Management of patients receiving OPAT requires an interdisciplinary team approach and complex care coordination and has been shown to decrease adverse reaction, and rehospitalizations. Much of the work involved in caring for patients on OPAT occurs outside of a billable office visit. Describing and quantifying this workload is important to justify staffing and to advocate for change in reimbursement structure.
An Analysis of Reading Comprehension Questions in Kenyan English Textbooks

Reading comprehension is a valued skill worldwide. In Kenya, reading comprehension is taught through English textbooks. In this study, we analyzed the reading comprehension exercises in the English textbooks for Standard 4 and Standard 5. Results indicate a strong emphasis on questions that can be answered directly from the text and questions that connect to a reader’s background. A brief discussion of content is provided as well as limitations and future directions.
Identification of Protein Folding Cores Using Charge Centers Model of Protein Structure

This short communication introduces a novel method for identification of the folding cores in proteins. Positive and negative charge centers, defined solely from the structure of the folded protein are likely to indicate the protein's folding core. The residues and sequences, identified by the procedure, are highly consistent with the available biochemical data on folding as seen for a set of about 20 proteins. Here, the folding of chymotrypsin inhibitor-2 (CI2) from barley is analyzed in some detail.
A Double-sided Z-Impedance Compensated Inductive Power Transfer System

This paper proposes a highly symmetrical inductive power transfer (IPT) system based on double-sided Z-impedance compensation networks. The double-sided Z-impedance networks are designed with symmetrical configuration and could achieve load-independent CC output with zero-phase angle (ZPA) of input impedance. Compared to the conventional LCC circuit, the proposed Z-network can reduce current stresses on compensation components, which contributes to high-power applications. Meantime, compensation inductors are integrated with main coils to make the whole system compact and eliminate unwanted cross couplings. The proposed IPT system is validated by experiments and 2.3kW power could be transferred with 96.93% dc-dc efficiency across an air gap of 120mm.
The Impact of Demographics and Medicare Payments on Quality of External Beam Radiotherapy for Bone Metastases in US Hospitals.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) has a well-established role in palliation of metastatic bone disease, yet the adherence to evidence based palliative EBRT doses and fractionation schemes is not universal across United States outpatient treatment facilities. We aimed to explore potential disparities in palliative EBRT quality in relation to Medicare visit payments and population demographics. MATERIALS/METHODS Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) EBRT for Bone Metastases process measure score for 2018 included in the Hospital Outpatient Quality Reporting Program (Hospital OQR) was available for a total of 824 facilities across the US. Radiation Oncology Office Visit Costs per zip code for new and established patients were obtained from CMS. Demographics (percentage of total population representing males, females, 5 years or younger, under 18 years, 65 or older, white, black or African American, Latino) were obtained from US census. Linear regression analysis was carried out with score representing the dependent variable. RESULTS The median score was 95% (range 5-100%), average 88.86%. In the final multivariate model, the score was significantly positively associated with the percentage of white population (P = 0.04) and negatively associated with the percentage of population under 18 (P = 0.03), and there was a trend toward association with the mode of Medicare pricing for a new patient visit (P = 0.06). Of note, the percentage of population under 18 was positively correlated with percentage of Latino population (P = 3.155e-09) but not black population (P = 0.9.) There was no association with gender, or with the percentage of those patients who were very young (under 5) or over the age of 65 years. CONCLUSION The quality of palliative EBRT in US outpatient facilities is associated with demographic diversity of a given area, with predominantly non-diverse neighborhoods generally receiving higher quality EBRT-based palliative care. Additionally, it appears to be affected by Medicare payments. This data suggests that disparities in healthcare quality are directly mediated by race and partially by geography.
Intralocus sexual conflict can maintain alternative reproductive tactics

Alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and widely regarded as an outcome of high variance in reproductive success. Proximate mechanisms underlying ARTs include genetically based polymorphisms, environmentally induced polymorphisms, and those mediated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. However, few ultimate mechanisms have been proposed to explain the maintenance of ARTs over time, the most important of which have been disruptive and negative frequency-dependent selection. Here we explore the role that intralocus sexual conflict may play in the maintenance of sex-specific ARTs. We use a genetically explicit individual-based model in which body size influences both female fecundity and male tactic through a shared genetic architecture. By modeling ART maintenance under varying selection regimes and levels of sex-specific gene expression, we explore the conditions under which intralocus sexual conflict can maintain a hypothetical ART defined by larger (alpha) and smaller (beta) tactics. Our models consistently revealed that sexual conflict can result in the persistence of a sex-specific polymorphism over hundreds of generations, even in the absence of negative frequency-dependent selection. ARTs were maintained through correlated selection when one male ART has lower fitness but produces daughters with higher fitness. These results highlight the importance of understanding selection on both sexes when attempting to explain the maintenance of ARTs. Our results are consistent with a growing literature documenting genetic correlations between male ARTs and female fitness, suggesting that the maintenance of sex-specific ARTs through intralocus sexual conflict may be common and widespread in nature.
Is the Information-Theoretic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics an ontic structural realist view?

Abstract The Information-Theoretic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics from (Bub & Pitowsky, 2010) has been criticized in two ways related to the ontological picture it supplies. This paper explores whether Ontic Structural Realism can supplement the metaphysics of ITIQM in a way that would satisfy its critics. The many similarities between the two views are detailed. And it is argued that the ITIQM view ca. 2010 does seem to be compatible with OSR, but as the view evolved in Bub's Bananaworld (2016), its fundamental metaphysical commitments shifted, making it a less clean fit with OSR.
Course project: using numerical methods for real world applications

This paper overviews a numerical methods course and discusses the benefits of adding a term project to the course requirements. Several of the students' projects are briefly described. These projects give students experience in real world problems and in developing formal papers discussing their results.
Technology Transfer in Education – Application to Developing Countries

This article reviews key issues and challenges in the transfer of educational technology to developing countries. Based on the literature of experience in education and the transfer of technology across different country settings, the article sets out a 5-stage framework (selection, implementation planning, pilot implementation, going to scale, and sustainability) for planning and implementing transfer of technology in the education sector. The framework also outlines key questions that should be addressed at each stage, as well as tools and techniques for dealing with these questions. The article concludes with a summary of key principles to consider when transferring educational technology to developing countries.
Induction of cell differentiation: I. The in vitro induction of vertebral cartilage with a low-molecular-weight tissue component

Abstract A nucleotide-containing fraction has been obtained from a cold perchloric acid extract of the chick embryonic spinal cord and notochord that simulates the chondrogenic action of the intact inducing tissues. This fraction induces the formation of cartilage in explanted somites. Upon partial purification of this fraction the ability to induce cartilage formation has been restricted to one nucleotide-containing component.
Observations on the rare earths—LXXV(1)

The interaction between diethylenetriaininepentaacetic acid (H/sub 5/ DTPA or H/sub 5/Z) and rare-earth metal ions (Ln/sup 3+/ was investigated. The acid formation constarts of the hydrogen chelates (LnHZ/sup -/) and the formation constants of the normal chelates (LnZ/sup 2-/) were obtained at 10, 20, and 30 deg C, and an ionic strength of 0.1(KNO/sub 3/), the former by a titration technique and the latter by a mercury indicator electrode technique. The data were treated by a least-squares method for evaluation of DELTA H/sup 0/ and DELTA S/sup 0/. Although errors in the functions were substantial, the functions were related to observed trends in stability. The dissociation constants for the last three protons of dietliylenetriaminepertaacetic acid were measured as a function of temperature at ionic strength 0.1(KNO/sub 3/) and converted to thermodynamic functions by least squares analysis. The functions were compared with corresponding values for related chelating agents. (auth)
Kinship, Family and Social Network

There is considerable overlap between Le Play’s mid-eighteenth-century household model map and the regional TFR map of central-southern Europe in the 1980s. The author examines the overall structure of relationships involved in Le Play’s typology and observes that both the stem-family and the unstable family area in the Southern Europe are marked by a small, close-knit network of strong ties, with kinship predominance. Vice versa, the social support hinges upon a network of kin in the stem-family area, upon an alliance among different kindred units in the unstable Mediterranean area. All this leads to formulating a hypothesis of a tri-partite model for Western European relationship models. How can we explain the relationship between family predominance as anthropological embedding and family collapse as demographic reaction? The author reconsiders this question in the light of Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory and Elder’s ‘principle of accentuation’: different, regionally rooted, family and kinship patterns "react" in contact with an appropriate reagent, such as the macro-process of modernisation, generating different patterns of today’s demographic behaviour.
Architecture for conditional term rewriting

An architecture is presented for conditional term rewriting systems, which has been used to implement an interpreter for the Axis algebraic specification language — developed at the above laboratories. The design has been specified in Axis itself. The interpreter admits commutative, associative and associative-commutative operators in addition to those whose theories are defined by rewrite rules. The pattern matching algorithm is partitioned by equational theories, and additional theories may be added with no change to existing ones.
Recovery of frontal cortex-mediated visual behaviors following neurotrophic rescue of axotomized neurons in medial frontal cortex

Unilateral lesions extending across the boundary region of visual and parietal cortex in adult rats result in the death of 20-35% of neurons in layers II-III of the caudal third of medial frontal cortex ipsilaterally, a neuron population labeled with 3H-thymidine on the 19th day of gestation (E19). Additionally, there is a consistent 15% loss of these labeled neurons in an area between 50% and 60% of the distance along the caudal-rostral extent of medial frontal cortex, an area that may function analogously to the frontal eye field of primates. All of these neurons are rescued from axotomy-induced death by delivering into the posterior cortex lesion cavity for 2 weeks a macromolecular fraction of culture medium conditioned by embryonic primordia of the frontal-occipital pathway (CM). Moreover, the rescue is apparently permanent, with normal numbers of these neurons present in CM animals 6-7 weeks after the neurotrophic factor is no longer being supplied exogenously. Behaviorally, control operates receiving a similarly prepared fraction of unconditioned medium are significantly impaired in the number of trials needed to learn two visual discrimination tasks. This deficit is attributable in part to a bias in erroneous responses to the side contralateral to the lesion. The error bias reflects a failure to inhibit repeated incorrect responding contralaterally. In contrast, the CM animals learn both visual tasks in a normal number of trials and have no contralateral error bias. Rather, all CM animals have an contralateral error bias. Rather, all CM animals have an ipsilateral error bias (interpreted as an unmasking of the contralateral neglect expected after a parietal cortex lesion).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coping with the storm: Automating name authority record updates and bibliographic file maintenance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a process, as a proof-of-concept, that automates the tracking of updates to name authority records (NARs), the downloading of revised NARs into local catalog system, and subsequent bibliographic file maintenance (BFM), in response to the programmatic manipulation of the Library of Congress Name Authority File (LCNAF). Design/methodology/approach – A proof-of-concept process to automate NAR updates and BFM in local catalog, using OCLC LCNAF SRU Service, MARCEdit, XSLT, and AutoIt, is built and subsequently tested using data from both test and production catalog servers at Michigan State University Libraries. Findings – The proof-of-concept process tested is proved to be successful in general though scalability and diacritics issues have to be addressed before it can become fully operational in a production environment. Originality/value – This process enables libraries, especially those without third-party authority control service, to handle the phased rei...
Persistence and distribution of Toxocara larvae in the tissues of children and mice.

Two young mentally defective children were infected with a small number of embryonated eggs of the dog ascarid, Toxocara canis. They remained asymptomatic clinically but developed eosinophilia which persisted for more than 13 months. Tissues from mice infected experimentally with the same dose of dog ascarid eggs were examined at intervals up to one year after infection. In the early stages of infection the larvae were found principally in the liver and lungs, but in the later stages they were most numerous in the brain. It seems not improbable that some of the neurologic manifestations associated with ascariasis may be due to actual presence of Toxocara larvae in the tissues of the central nervous system, rather than to toxic or allergic effects of Ascaris lumbricoides. This new evidence, added to previous observations on the effect of dog and cat ascarids in children, re-emphasizes the need for ridding household pets of their intestinal parasites at frequent intervals.
Ontogenetic Shift in Efficacy of Antipredator Mechanisms in a Top Aquatic Predator, Anax junius (Odonata: Aeshnidae)

The ability of prey to escape predation often lies in the occurrence and efficacy of their predator avoidance and antipredator behaviors, which are often coupled with specialized morphology. How the use and efficacy of these behaviors change throughout ontogeny may be indicative of the vulnerability and ecological roles these animals experience throughout their lives. We examined the antipredator behavior of a large dragonfly nymph, Anax junius, from a historically fishless pond where these animals have traditionally been classified as top predators. These dragonfly nymphs displayed a series of distinct aggressive antipredator behaviors when grasped that involved stabbing with lateral and posterior spines and seizing with labial hooks. Larger (older) nymphs displayed these aggressive behaviors significantly more than smaller (younger) animals in simulated predation trials. During encounters with live larval salamander predators (Ambystoma tigrinum), all large nymphs, but only 12.5% of small nymphs successfully escaped predation attempts by the amphibians through the use of antipredator behavior. Large nymphs were also significantly more active than smaller nymphs in the presence of salamander larvae. Despite often being considered top predators in fishless ponds, our study demonstrates that their true role is more complex, depending on ontogeny and body size, and that effective antipredator behavior is likely necessary for survival in these systems.
Centrifugal pumps for desalination

Abstract Centrifugal pumps used for desalination require more stringent material selections and different design considerations than normal applications. The liquid being pumped can be seawater, brackish water, or a concentrated brine. The longevity of the pumps in service depend on their design and the materials used as well as the operating conditions present. Four different pumps related to desalination are discussed. These include vertical wet pit intake pumps, reverse osmosis horizontal multi-stage charge (injection) pumps, vertical can brine recycle pumps, and horizontal pipeline transfer pumps.
Failure to Produce Mitochondrial DNA Results in Embryonic Lethality in Rnaseh1 Null Mice

Although ribonucleases H (RNases H) have long been implicated in DNA metabolism, they are not required for viability in prokaryotes or unicellular eukaryotes. We generated Rnaseh1 −/− mice to investigate the role of RNase H1 in mammals and observed developmental arrest at E8.5 in null embryos. A fraction of the mainly nuclear RNase H1 was targeted to mitochondria, and its absence in embryos resulted in a significant decrease in mitochondrial DNA content, leading to apoptotic cell death. This report links RNase H1 to generation of mitochondrial DNA, providing direct support for the strand-coupled mechanism of mitochondrial DNA replication. These findings also have important implications for therapy of mitochondrial dysfunctions and drug development for the structurally related RNase H of HIV.
Three aneurysms developed in three different drug-eluting stents

A 42-year-old man presented with chest angina. He had exertion chest discomfort 1 month ago. He had no cardiovascular risk factors. Chest X-ray revealed no cardiomegaly. Electrocardiogram revealed ST-segment elevation in lead II, III, and aVF. Echocardiography showed hypokinesia in inferior wall with an ejection fraction of 45%. We diagnosed ST-elevation myocardial infarction in inferior wall. We performed a …
Social learning and health plan choice

I use data from the University of California to empirically examine the role of social learning in employees' choices of health plans. The basic empirical strategy starts with the observation that if social learning is important, health plan selections should appear to be correlated across employees within the same department. Estimates of discrete choice models in which individuals' perceived payoffs are influenced by coworkers' decisions reveal a significant (but not dominant) social effect. The strength of the effect depends on factors such as the department's size or the employee's demographic distance from her coworkers. The estimated effects are present even when the model allows for unobserved, department-specific heterogeneity in employee preferences, so the results cannot be explained away by unobservable characteristics that are common to employees of the same department.
Parallel applications of the USNRC consolidated code

The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission has developed the thermal-hydraulic analysis code TRAC-M to consolidate the capabilities of its suite of reactor safety analysis codes. One of the requirements for the new consolidated code is that it supports parallel computations to extend code functionality and to improve execution speed. A flexible request driven Exterior Communication Interface (ECI) was developed at Penn State University for use with the consolidated code and has enabled distributed parallel computing. This paper reports the application of TRAC-M and the ECI at Purdue University to a series of practical nuclear reactor problems. The performance of the consolidated code is studied on a shared memory machine, DEC Alpha 8400, in which a Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident (LBLOCA) analysis is applied for the safety analysis of the new generation reactor, AP600. The problem demonstrates the importance of balancing the computational for practical applications. Other computational platforms are also examined, to include the implementation of Linux and Windows OS on multiprocessor PCs. In general, the parallel performance on UNIX and Linux platforms is found to be the most stable and efficient.
Pallbearer and friends: lending a hand in apoptotic cell clearance

Engulfment and prompt removal of apoptotic cells occurs from embryogenesis throughout the lifespan of multicellular organisms. A new player, Pallbearer, has recently been identified in Drosophila as being important for efficient engulfment by macrophages. Pallbearer is a component of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in the ubiquitylation of proteins targeted for proteasomal degradation. This work provides the first link between the cellular processes of ubiquitylation/proteasomal degradation and the ability to clear apoptotic cells efficiently.
References to sudden cardiac death by Hippocrates.

I read with interest the recent article on Hippocrates in References connection with his description of sudden cardiac death [1]. According to Katz and Katz [2], Hippocrates was probably referring to Adams–Stokes syndrome, ‘‘although Hippocrates would not have noted the slow pulse if, indeed, he was referring to cases with complete heart block’’ [2]. Hippocrates also made several other references to sudden cardiac deaths [3]: ‘‘Heart pain which occurs frequently in an elderly man indicates sudden death’’ (Coan Prognosis) [4]; ‘‘Pain at the mouth of a ventricle, accompanied by a swollen precordium and headache is sometimes malignant and causes some shortness of breath. For they suddenly die, as in the case of Dysodes’’ [4]; ‘‘Those who have lost blood and who have subsequently suffered rigors and malignant sores die unexpectedly even when in conversation’’ (Coan Prognosis) [4]; and ‘‘Those who by nature are somewhat stout die sooner than those who are lean’’ [4]. That obesity is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death was well recognized by Hippocrates [3]. In Aphorism 44, he pointed out the shortened life expectancy of the obese compared with those who were slender [2,5]. To think that he came to this conclusion without the benefit of the computerized actuarial statistics so beloved by the life insurance companies of today [6]. Hippocrates condemned overeating: ‘‘Repletion, carried to extremes, is perilous’’ (Aphorisms 1) [2,5], and warned against exercise after eating: ‘‘Fat people who want to reduce should take their exercise on an empty stomach’’ [7]. As to all the other possible causes of sudden cardiac death discussed by Mirchandani and Phoon [1], including mitral valve prolapse [8–15], long QT syndrome [15–17], arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia [18,19] and decreased heart rate variability [12,20], we will never know for sure, because stethoscope, electrocardiograph and echocardiograph were not yet invented 2463 years ago.
On the spectrum of negative ions and the charge density of the ground state of neutral neon

Portions of the spectrum of several double negative ions X2− have been explored to see whether any bound states exist; the results suggest that none do. In the process, the position of the lowest 2S0 state in Li I, configuration 2p23pwas found. For He−, the positions of several resonances lying just below the n = 3 thresholds and the thresholds themselves have been determined and compared with features detected earlier by Roy. Finally, an accurate correlated charge density has been constructed for the ground state of the neutral neon atom, which is being used to test a local density model proposed by Vosko et al.
Methylene-functionalized saponite: A new type of organoclay with CH2 groups substituting for bridging oxygen centers in the tetrahedral sheet

The synthesis of saponite in the presence of bis(triethoxysilyl)methane (BTESM) as an organosilicon reagent results in the replacement of up to 33.3% of the oxygen atoms in the tetrahedral sheet by bridging methylene groups. The methylene-functionalized saponites represent a new form of covalently bonded organoclay that truly is isomorphic with purely inorganic saponite made under equivalent reaction conditions from sodium silicate as the silicon source. The isoelectronic and isolobal relationship between methylene and bridging oxygen centers is essential for methylene saponite formation. Bridging ethylene groups are not incorporated into the Kagome net of the basal surfaces due to a mismatch in bridging group size. The textural properties of the methylene saponites are similar to those for purely inorganic magnesium saponite made under equivalent synthetic conditions in the absence of BTESM. Layer stacking disorders afford large surface areas (∼ 550 to 650 m2/g), making the methylene saponites attractive candidates for use as adsorbents and functional fillers for polymer composites.
Application Factors Affecting the Weight of Aerospace Static Inverters

The purpose of this paper is to reconcile the wide range of weights quoted for aerospace static inverters of the same VA rating. The inverters discussed are of conventional input and output: 15 to 500 vdc input and 400 cps sine wave output. Specification and application factors affecting inverter weight are tabulated. Graphical relationships are given for the effects of some factors for which relationships can be defined. Trends are indicated for the weight effect of factors for which graphical relationships are not given. The data presented should be useful to systems designers, in avoiding undue inverter weight, by proper specification and application of static inverters.
Spin Waves and Magnetic Resonance in Rare-Earth Metals: Thermal, Applied-Field, and Magnetoelastic Effects

The theory is developed for the temperature and magnetic field dependence expected for the energy of long-wavelength spin waves in ferromagnetic heavy rare-earth metals. Emphasis is placed on examining magnetoelastic effects on the spin-wave energies. The resulting theory is applied to understanding recent neutron inelastic-scattering and ferromagnetic-resonance experiments in Tb and Dy. For Tb and Dy, comparison of theoretical predictions with the experimental results, especially the magnetic field dependence of the uniform-mode spin-wave energy, precludes the applicability of the frozen-lattice approximation suggested by Turov and Shavrov for magnetoelastic effects on spin-wave energies. The most striking point found in the present work is the contrast between the behavior of Tb and that of Dy. For Tb, the magnitude of the planar anisotropy constant found in static measurements is much smaller than the value necessary for agreement with the spin-wave experiments, i.e., neutron inelastic scattering and ferromagnetic resonance, which are mutually consistent. In contrast to this puzzling discrepancy for Tb, for Dy the static measured planar anisotropy constant gives absolute calculated values for the spin-wave behavior in excellent agreement with the results of ferromagnetic-resonance experiments.
WHY STUDY “MASCULINITY,” ANYWAY? PERSPECTIVES FROM THE OLD DAYS

This paper, written by a self-styled “old-timer,” invites current scholars to consider what it means to study masculinity. It argues that “masculinity,” as scholars use the term, is a heuristic category, and is most useful when recognized as such. To provide perspective, it revisits the 1980s and 1990s and contrasts the two very different, but equally valuable movements then pioneering the study of masculinity: “men’s (or masculinity) studies” and “poststructuralist gender analysis.”
Effects of element distortions on the performance of isoparametric elements

We discuss the effects of element distortions on the performance of displacement-based isoparametric quadrilateral finite elements. Suitable example problems for both the Lagrangian and the serendipity types of elements are used to show numerically the effects of element distortions. The effects of angular and curved-edge distortions are evaluated analytically in terms of the abilities of the elements to represent exactly various polynomial displacement fields. We then solve a plane stress problem adaptively to demonstrate the effect of element distortions on the accuracy of the stress distribution. The conclusion is that the Lagrangian elements are not affected by angular distortions and are therefore the more reliable elements for general use.
State of aggregation of recombinant hirudin in solution under physiological conditions

The state of aggregation of recombinant desulfatohirudin (r-HV1) in solution under physiological conditions (pH 7.5, 0.15N NaCl) was investigated by sedimentation equilibrium. The weight-average molecular weight ¯M w determined by sedimentation equilibrium was found to be 6914±76 Da compared to 6964 Da expected from the amino acid sequence. The ¯M z /¯M w ratio was found to be 1.03, which demonstrates that under the conditions studied hirudin exists in solution as a monomer. This result is in agreement with the relative molecular weight (M r ) of recombinant hirudin variant 3 reported by Otto and Seckler [(1991),Eur. J. Biochem.202, 67–73], who also used equilibrium ultracentrifugation, but not with the molecular weight estimated from gel permeation chromatography of natural hirudin (51,300 Da) [Konnoet al. (1988),Arch. Biochem. Biophys.267, 158–166]. Knowledge of the state of aggregation is essential for understanding the mechanism of interaction of thrombin and hirudin under physiological conditions.