cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF NATURAL SELECTION AT THE LAP LOCUS.

An extensive research program was undertaken to evaluate the contribution of genetic variation at the Lap locus to variation in physiological traits under natural conditions. Rates of carbon and nitrogen metabolism were monitored in a population of the mussel Mytilus edulis near the center of the Lap allele frequency cline on the north shore of Long Island. The goal of this research was to establish whether the previously described genotype-dependent differences in physiological phenotype are meaningful in ecologically relevant circumstances. It was predicted from laboratory studies that, in nature, genotype-dependent differences will exist for rates of nitrogen excretion and that other aspects of the animal's physiology, particularly rates of carbon metabolism, will be unaffected by Lap genotype. Rates of amino acid and ammonia excretion were significantly dependent upon Lap genotype; individuals with the Lap94 allele exhibited greater rates of nitrogen loss. These differences among genotypes were most evident in the fall, between September and December. The genotype-dependent component of rates of nitrogen loss were also largest relative to the total rate of excretion during the fall period. As predicted, other aspects of the nitrogen metabolism (acquisition) and rates of carbon metabolism were independent of Lap genotype. There was a striking congruity among a variety of observations that all indicate that phenotypic differences in nitrogen metabolism are the basis of natural selection at the Lap locus in Long Island Sound. Rates of growth were minimal during the fall months (Hilbish, 1985) and mussels are known to lose weight in a genotype-specific manner during this period (Koehn et al., 1980). Rates of elemental gain and loss were summed to produce carbon and nitrogen budgets; these data show the fall to be a period of extended deficit in carbon and nitrogen balance. Genotype-dependent losses of ammonia and amino acids were greatest during the fall months. Finally, selection against the Lap94 allele occurs predominantly in the fall (Hilbish, 1985). The data indicate that the depletion of nitrogen resources provides the basis for selection against Lap94 genotypes during the fall months.
Increased susceptibility of mice to swine influenza as a result of methionine injections.

ConclusionsMice on a low protein diet, if given methionine, have a greatly increased susceptibility to the swine influenza virus.
Status and Future Directions of Intelligent Tutoring Systems

The area represented by this title is far too broad to cover in a short article. Therefore, rather than trying to summarize the status of the field, I will provide pointers to three recent books in the area that very adequately convey the status of the field. Some major omissions of the current research will be covered under the topic of future directions.
Advanced testing method to evaluate the performance of respirator filter media

ABSTRACTFilter media for respirator applications are typically exposed to the cyclic flow condition, which is different from the constant flow condition adopted in filter testing standards. To understand the real performance of respirator filter media in the field it is required to investigate the penetration of particles through respirator filters under cyclic flow conditions representing breathing flow patterns of human beings. This article reports a new testing method for studying the individual effect of breathing frequency (BF) and peak inhalation flow rate (PIFR) on the particle penetration through respirator filter media. The new method includes the use of DMA (Differential Mobility Analyzer)-classified particles having the most penetrating particle size, MPPS (at the constant flowrate of equivalent mean inhalation flow rate, MIFR) as test aerosol. Two condensation particle counters (CPCs) are applied to measure the particle concentrations at the upstream and downstream of test filter media at the ...
Summary of the 2014 Sandia Verification and Validation Challenge Workshop

A discussion of the five responses to the 2014 Sandia Verification and Validation (VV some of the major themes are discussed. Finally, an encapsulation of the key contributions, the lessons learned, and advice for the future are presented.
Exploration on the report system of infant morality in Pudong New Area and the project on decreasing the failing report

[Objective] To evaluate the current report system of infant mortality so as to develop a complemental project to improve the system. [Methods] An overall table of high risk infant was designed. The follow up investigation of high risk infant was designed and practised. [Results] The failing report rate of the newborn death and the infant death were 13.04% and 9.09% respectively in the current system. After follow up of the high risk infants, infant mortality increased from 3.69‰ to 4.05‰. [Conclusion] The current system works well in the reporting of infant death in hospitals. The complemental project improves the current infant mortality system. The failing report of mortality can be reduced in the new project.
Graphene-based composite sensors for energy applications

The long range objectives of this research are to develop and demonstrate the use of graphene-nanoparticle composites as a high sensitivity, rapid response electronic nose for gas sensing in energy applications. Graphene based device structures suitable for temperatures as high as 1000 °C are targeted. The scope of work includes: a) development of procedures for controllable nucleation and growth of nanoparticles on graphene surfaces, b) fabrication graphene-nanoparticle composite sensors, c) measurement of electrical properties of graphene-nanoparticle composites, and d) determination of sensor characteristics (selectivity and sensitivity). The graphene films are synthesized on 6H-SiC (0001) surfaces using a halogen based plasma etching followed by rapid thermal annealing in atmospheric pressure Ar or under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Lithography free methods are then used to produce simple sensor structures consisting of interdigitated fingers. This is followed by the nucleation of either Ag, Au, Pt, or Ir nanoparticles on the graphene surfaces using solution based techniques. Atomic force microscopy is used to characterize the particle size distribution of the nucleated nanoparticles. Electrical properties of the graphene and graphenenanoparticle composites are characterized using two point current-voltage measurements. Gas sensor response as a function of temperature is characterized for H 2 in Ar gas mixtures.
Clinical features of nosocomial rotavirus infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

A retrospective survey of nosocomial rotavirus infection in pediatric liver transplant recipients was performed. Immunocompetent children with nosocomial infections served as controls. Co-pathogens were not identified. A total of 12 transplant cases and 12 controls could be evaluated. New onset vomiting occurred in 7/8 cases and 6/11 controls lasting an average of 2.8 days per case and 0.8 days per control (p 38 degrees C) was noted in 8/12 cases and 9/12 controls. New onset occult blood was noted in 7/11 cases and 1/12 controls (p < .01). A concomitant rise and fall in transaminases was noted in 5/12 transplant recipients. Eleven of the 12 were maintained on constant or increased immunosuppression doses without the development of fulminant disease. The presence of increased days of vomiting and occult blood in stools suggests that rotavirus causes a more invasive process in the intestinal mucosa of transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent children. However, the process remains self-limited despite the use of potent immunosuppressives.
Comparative clinical evaluation of the Yale Multigrasp Hand

While the functionality of myoelectric prosthetic hands continues to increase, body-powered terminal devices continue to be preferred by upper-limb amputees. Until now, the ability to achieve various grasp types in an anthropomorphic hand has been exclusive to myoelectric hands. The Yale Multigrasp Prosthetic Hand, a novel anthropomorphic multi-grasp body-powered terminal device, was designed and tested for use as an upper-limb prosthesis. The functionality of the Yale Multigrasp Prosthetic Hand was evaluated through benchtop testing and a twelve-subject able-body study. One unilateral trans-radial amputee and one bilateral trans-radial amputee performed evaluation studies to determine the level of dexterity achieved with the hand. Results show comparable performance to current commercially available terminal devices on both the Box and Blocks and Southampton Hand Assessment Protocol.
What Do Students Learn in “Traditional” Schools?

At first glance, the question in the chapter’s title sounds too general: Do not “traditional schools” in different countries (and even within the same country) differ? And is it not true that learning outcomes of “traditional school” students in different countries (and even within the same country) are quite different? This objection sounds especially valid in light of the comparisons of learning outcomes of American students with those of students in some other countries, which continue to be a serious concern of Americans since 1957, when the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite. This technological victory of Soviet scientists over their American counterparts was attributed to superior math and science education in the Soviet Union and sparked serious changes in math and science curricula in the United States. These days, it is the learning outcomes of the Finnish and South Korean (hereinafter “Korean”) students, not the Russians, that make American educators, policy makers and the general public concerned and envious. According to the data provided by the 2009 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), American fifteen-year-olds rank 17th in science and 25th in math among their peers from 34 developed countries that belong to the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). The highest-performing OECD countries are Korea (first rank in math and third in science) and Finland (second rank in math and first in science). These results are especially alarming because, as U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan has indicated, “PISA assesses applied knowledge and the higher-order thinking skills critical to success in the information age.”
Insights in Public Health: All About the Insurance: The US health-Care System Through a Foreigner's Eyes.

Hawai‘i had high insurance coverage rates even before the Affordable Health Care Act and continues to have a high percentage of the population with health insurance today. However, high insurance rates can disguise wide variation in what is covered and what it costs. In this essay, an Australian Masters in Public Health student from the University of Hawai‘i considers the strengths and weaknesses of insurance coverage in the US health-care system when her friend “Peter” becomes seriously ill.
Abstract 1874: Prolonged nightly fasting and breast cancer risk: findings from NHANES (2009-2010)

A novel line of research has emerged suggesting that daily feeding-fasting schedules have metabolic implications that are highly relevant to breast cancer. In rodents, a habitual daily fasting schedule that is aligned with sleep-wake cycles appears to have favorable effects on a variety of cancer risk factors and may reduce cell proliferation. While data from rodent models are compelling, no human studies have explored the potential impact of this type of fasting schedule on cancer risk factors such as hyperglycemia (a possible facilitator of neoplastic proliferation). We examined cross-sectional associations of nighttime fasting duration with glycemic control biomarkers associated with increased breast cancer risk in a population-based sample of women in the 2009-2010 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary, anthropometric and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) data were available for 2,212 women, and 2-hour postprandial glucose concentrations were available for 1,066 women. Nighttime fasting duration was calculated using time-stamped 24-hour food records. Separate linear regression models examined associations of nighttime fasting with HbA1c and 2-hour glucose concentrations. Logistic regression modeled associations of nighttime fasting duration with elevated HbA1c (HbA1c ≥ 39 mmol/mol or 5.7%) and elevated 2-hour glucose (glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL). All models adjusted for age, education, race/ethnicity, BMI, total kcal intake, evening kcal intake, and the number of eating episodes per day. All analyses used sample weights to account for differential probabilities of selection into the sample, nonresponse, and noncoverage. Standard errors were estimated using Taylor Series Linearization. Women in this sample were an average of 46.8 years of age (SE = 0.66) and fasted approximately 12.4 (SE = 0.08) hours per night. Each 3-hour increase in nighttime fasting (roughly one standard deviation) was associated with a 4% lower 2-hour postprandial glucose measurement (β 0.96, 95% CI 0.93 - 1.00; p Randomized trials are needed to confirm whether a prolonged nighttime fasting schedule could improve biomarkers of glycemic control, thereby reducing breast cancer risk among women. Citation Format: Catherine R. Marinac, Loki Natarajan, Dorothy D. Sears, Linda C. Gallo, Sheri J. Hartman, Elva Arredondo, Ruth E. Patterson. Prolonged nightly fasting and breast cancer risk: findings from NHANES (2009-2010). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1874. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1874
Kinetic Studies with Carotenoids

This chapter reviews the recent progress on kinetic studies with carotenoids. • Through the development of advanced isotopic techniques and HPLC methods, many kinetic stud• ies with carotenoids on humans have been performed. These studies were reviewed and categorized in mass balance kinetics in humans, factors that affect b -carotene kinetic characters, dynamic products from b -carotene kinetic studies, kinetics with lycopene, xanthophyll kinetics, and interaction of mixtures. These kinetic studies with carotenoids provide detailed physiological information on utilization of • these nutrients in humans. This kinetic information facilitates our understanding of the dynamics of these carotenoids in • human health. Chapter 5 Kinetic Studies with Carotenoids
Open Access Journal Publishing

Open access (OA) content is available online and can be read for free. It is often available for use and sharing without copyright and licensing restrictions commonly placed on published works. This chapter explores the implications of OA publishing for authors. It starts by exploring definitions of OA, as well as the history of the OA movement. It then discusses the types of OA currently being used in scholarly journal publishing, and considerations such as copyright, licensing, and article processing charges. Lastly, it shows that while it is unclear if publishing as OA leads to more citations, as positive attitudes toward OA continue to rise, authors are increasingly looking for OA publishing opportunities for the dissemination of their research.
Pathway Analysis of Gene Expression of E14 Versus E18 Fetal Fibroblasts.

Objective: Fetuses early in gestation heal skin wounds without forming scars. The biological mechanisms behind this process are largely unknown. Fibroblasts, however, are cells known to be intimate...
Functional and survival outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment for metastatic disease of the spine.

Background: Retrospective review of a prospective database. Spine metastasis has been shown to occur in 40% of cancer patients with an annual incidence of over 18,000 cases in North America alone. In this study, we sought to explore the functional and survival outcomes of patients undergoing surgical treatment for metastatic disease of the spine. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of a prospective database at a major cancer center was conducted. A total of 55 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2010 to December 2015 were included. Functional status was assessed through patient’s ambulatory status. Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed and regression analyses were performed. Results: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was the most common subtype encountered (27.3%). Excluding patients who had spinal metastasis at time of diagnosis, the median time to spinal metastasis from cancer diagnosis was 2.5 years. Median overall survival (OS) time was 1.8 years post diagnosis and 1.6 years post-surgical intervention. Age and tumor subtype were independent predictors of death (P Conclusions: Spinal metastasis portends a debilitating prognosis. Ambulatory status is improved or maintained in the post-surgical period. However, long-term outlook remains dismal with median survival at only 1.8 years following diagnosis of spinal metastasis and ambulatory status declining precipitously at the time of final follow-up.
Supports and Barriers to the Provision of Human Milk by Mothers of African American Preterm Infants.

Background Mother's own milk (MOM) provides significant health benefits to very low birth-weight infants (VLBW, ≤1500 g). However, 60% of African American (AA) women initiate lactation, and less than 35% provide MOM 6 months following the birth of their infant. Previous research focuses on term infants and is not specific to AA mothers of VLBW infants. Purpose To qualitatively describe supports and barriers experienced by AA mothers while providing MOM for their VLBW infants. Methods In this qualitative, descriptive study, we conducted semistructured interviews with AA mothers who provided MOM for their VLBW infant. Interviews were transcribed and manually coded concurrently with enrollment until theoretical saturation was achieved. Infant charts were reviewed for demographics, and triangulation with notes from the medical record by bedside nurse lactation consultants and other providers was performed to increase validity. Member checks were completed to ensure true meaning of responses. Results Theoretical saturation was achieved after 9 interviews. Themes perceived to support provision of MOM included (1) Being a Mother; (2) Neonatal intensive care unit environment; (3) Community support; and (4) Useful resources. Themes that emerged as barriers to the provision of MOM were: (1) Maternal illness; (2) Milk expression; (3) Challenging home environment; and (4) Emotional distress. Implications for practice African American mothers report supports similar to published data but faced challenges not previously reported. These factors warrant attention by professionals who support lactation in this population. Implications for research Future research will address perceived barriers to improve provision of MOM and the quality of the lactation journey of AA mothers of preterm infants.
Blanchot and Klossowski on the Eternal Return of Nietzsche

What does it mean to say “Yes” to life? What does it mean to affirm life? What does it mean to not be nihilistic? One possible answer is the appropriation of finitude. But Klossowski argues that this amounts to a “voluntarist” fatalism. Though Klossowski draws attention to the temptation of “voluntarist” fatalism on the part of Nietzsche and readers of Nietzsche, he himself is tempted by redemption, i.e., by being redeemed from the weight of responsibility. Using the very “logic” of Klossowski’s own reading of the eternal return, Blanchot will call this possibility of redemption (on the part of Klossowski) into question. Blanchot’s reading of Nietzsche’s eternal return draws attention to that moment (within the work of Nietzsche) when death as possibility turns into death as impossibility. This weakening of the negative brings, according to Blanchot, not redemption from the burden of responsibility, but infinite responsibility.
The Economics of Climate Change, Urbanisation, and Long-Term Flood Protection

Heavily urbanised areas located in the low-lying deltas of Asia have been identified as being especially vulnerable to climate-related impacts (IPCC 2007). It has been predicted that coastal cities in East and South Asia will face an increase in the exposure of population and assets to flooding (Nicholls et al. 2008). Climate change projections suggest the possibility of an increase in the frequency and intensity of floods in these areas. At the same time, urban growth will increase the value of potential flood damages and vulnerability in the region. Given these changing disaster risks, coastal cities will need to revisit their long-term disaster risk management strategies with special consideration to flood protection investments and urban development plans. A balance will need to be found between the potential increases in flood damages and the economic benefits from growth in areas vulnerable to floods over the next decades. This paper presents an economic analysis of investments in flood protection infrastructure to mitigate increased disaster risk due to climate change and urbanisation based on hydrologic, engineering, and socio-economic considerations. The analysis is applied in the Ho Chi Minh City province of Vietnam, an area that is growing rapidly and is also subject to flooding. Probabilistic cost-benefit analysis is used to study the economic viability of alternative infrastructure designs for flood protection. The analysis improves upon traditional disaster risk planning by taking into account future changes in flood frequencies due to climate change and changes urban development due to economic growth. The framework presented illustrates the potential to incorporate economic methods in the evaluation of investments for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.
Advances in Discrete-Ordinates Methodology

In 1968, Bengt Carlson and Kaye Lathrop published a comprehensive review on the state of the art in discrete-ordinates (SN) calculations [10]. At that time, SN methodology existed primarily for reactor physics simulations. By today’s standards, those capabilities were limited, due to the less-developed theoretical state of SN methods and the slower and smaller computers that were then available. In this chapter, we review some of the major advances in SN methodology that have occurred since 1968. These advances, combined with the faster speeds and larger memories of today’s computers, enable today’s SN codes to simulate problems of much greater complexity, realism, and physical variety. Since 1968, several books and reviews on general numerical methods for SN simulations have been published [32, 46, 71], but none of these covers the advanced work done during the past 20 years.
Heidegger and 'The Way of Art:' the empty origin and contemporary abstraction

With a focus on the question of visuality in Heidegger's sustained involvement with Daoist and Zen thought, this paper discusses the interchange between Heidegger and Hisamatsu at a 1958 colloquium. In light of the key concerns – visuality, art, and the empty origin of manifestation – it interrogates three texts,“The Origin of the Work of Art,”Parmenides, and“Art and Space,”concerning visuality, the play of the glance, writing, space and place, and the Graeco-Asian though of phainesthai. In conclusion, it addresses the opening for a philosophical consideration of abstract painting that these analyses provide.
Sufficient Conditions for Boundedness of Moving Average Processes

We show that the moving average process $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {{{\chi }_{f}}(t): = \int_{0}^{t} {f(t - s)dZ(s)} } & {t \in [0,T]} \\ \end{array}$$ has a bounded version almost surely, when the kernel f has finite total 2-variation and Z is a symmetric Levy process. We also obtain bounds for \(E|{{\sup }_{{t \in [0,T]}}}{{\chi }_{f}}(t)|\) and for uniform moduli of continuity of \({{\chi }_{f}}( \cdot )\) and for the largest jump of \({{\chi }_{f}}( \cdot )\) when it is not continuous. Similar results are obtained for forward average processes. The methods developed are also used to show that certain infinitely divisible random fields are bounded.
Delayering and span of control: a model to assess appropriate management size during downsizing. A continuing process of organizational renewal.

Health-care organizations are continuing to seek effective methods of "downsizing" or "rightsizing" their workforce in response to economic pressures imposed by local and national health-care reform. Staff reductions often appear haphazard or reactionary and typically include an "across-the-board" methodology to achieve a predetermined financial goal. In contrast, review of the literature suggests that chances of success improve when the approach is more thoughtful and based on sound principles. A key component of all successful strategies is proper sizing and restructuring of the management staff. This article presents one possible model that allows an organization to rationally assess management structure and carry out an effective downsizing strategy. The process considers the number of management layers in the organization, the number of individuals a manager supervises (span of control), and the relative complexity of the work performed. Critical to success is an effective training component to educate "surviving" managers on techniques needed to "do more with less."
Tree demography and migration:What stand level measurements can tell about the response of forests to climate change

Renewed interest in plant migration has developed due to the potential impacts of global climate change. Predictions from general circulation models and bog/lake pollen analyses suggest major shifts in species ranges, and even extinctions, over the next 50 to 200 yr in response to temperature shifts of up to 4.5°C (e.g., Davis & Zabinski 1992; Overpeck et al. 1991; Pastor & Post 1988; Peters 1990). Using computer simulation, Overpeck et al. (1991) predicted shifts in plant ranges of as much as 500 to 1000 km within periods as short as 200 yr. Others (e.g. Davis & Zabinski 1992) suggest the possibility of near extinction of species such as sugar maple Acer saccharum Marsh, and American beech Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. because establishment in newly suitable sites would fail to keep pace with a changing climate. In developing simulation models, relationships between species’ occurrence and climatic variables are developed or inferred using modern or historical data (Denton & Barnes 1987; Gajewski 1987; Prentice et al. 1991; Spear et al. 1994). Future ranges are then predicted assuming a strong relationship between species and climate, which can be compared to estimated migration rates by species as evidenced in the pollen record.
The Role of EUS in the Biliary System

Standard endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) are, with magnetic resonance, the best techniques currently available to image the extrahepatic bile ducts and the gallbladder. In this chapter, we review current knowledge about gallstone disease, bile duct strictures, and gallbladder lesions.
The design and conduct of Project RedDE: A cluster-randomized trial to reduce diagnostic errors in pediatric primary care.

Background:Diagnostic errors contribute to the large burden of healthcare-associated harm experienced by children. Primary care settings involve high diagnostic uncertainty and limited time and inf...
Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Pristine and Used Headgear for Girls' Lacrosse.

Girls' lacrosse participation and head injury rates have increased within the past decade . In response, optional headgear was implemented following the recently developed ASTM International (ASTM) lacrosse headgear performance standards. It remains unknown how lacrosse headgear responds to blunt impacts after use. Our purpose was to compare the peak linear acceleration (PLA) between girls' lacrosse headgear conditions (pristine and used) during blunt impacts. Pristine headgear (n=10) were tested in their original condition and used headgear (n=10) were worn for an entire competitive season. A Cadex Monorail Impactor impacted all headgear following ASTM standards (F1446-15b, F2220-15, and F3137-15) in the required testing locations. A 2 x 7 repeated measures ANOVA compared PLA among headgear conditions and impact locations with a simple effects analysis planned comparison. There was no difference between headgear conditions for PLA (Pristine: 47.12 ± 13.92g; Used: 46.62 ± 14.84g; F = 2.11, p > 0.05). A main effect for impact location (F = 983.52, p < 0.01), and an interaction effect of condition and impact location (F = 12.79, p < 0.01) were observed. All headgear, regardless of condition, met the ASTM performance standard. This suggests that headgear performance may not degrade subsequent to a single season of high school girl's lacrosse.
An automated motivational interview promotes donation intention and self-efficacy among experienced whole blood donors.

Background Interventions intended to motivate donors to return can be costly and time consuming. The current study examined the effect of a Web-based automated interview, informed by motivational interviewing and self-determination theory, on donor intention, motivation, and behavior in a sample of highly experienced donors. Study design and methods Approximately 1 week after donating, 1177 highly experienced whole blood donors (mean prior donations, 35.5; mean age, 46.9 years; 66.3% female) participated in a study in which they were randomly assigned to either a donor motivational interview (n = 544) or knowledge interview (n = 633). Measures of donor motivation and psychological need support were obtained before the interviews, and again at postinterview assessments conducted approximately 2 days later and 7 weeks later. Blood center records were used to assess repeat donation attempts for 1 year after the interviews. Results Relative to the knowledge interview, participants in the motivational interview had larger increases in donation intention and self-efficacy from preinterview to the first follow-up. Among women only, the motivational interview was associated with greater competence and relatedness increases at both follow-up assessments. Conclusion An automated motivational interview appears to be a feasible way to promote donation intention and self-efficacy. Although the observed effects were small among highly experienced donors, we are currently assessing the potential effect of this intervention among less experienced donors.
From War to War: Ch’anggyŏng Garden and Postcolonial Militarism in Early (South) Korea

This chapter uses Ch’anggyŏng Garden, a Chosŏn Dynasty palace transformed into an amusement park under Japanese rule (1910–45), to trace the violent process of (South) Korea’s decolonization after liberation. It argues that the garden’s colonial afterlives resulted from contentious interactions between the state-building projects of bourgeois elites and the everyday practices of subaltern citizens. For his part, Syngman Rhee sought to identify the garden as a Japanese vestige, but he faced popular opposition by citizens who favored its reuse as recreational grounds. As a result of these contentious interactions, postcolonial leaders learned to creatively exploit this powerful, if unruly, site for their own purposes. To highlight these contestations, I analyze public spectacles aimed at channeling the energies of the masses in directions that would promote nation-building projects. Echoing memorial services heled during the late colonial period, these events sought to heroicize individuals who died on behalf of their new state, encouraging future generations of South Koreans to support ever-expanding military confrontations in Asia. If these ceremonies sought to promote anti-communist militarism, related expositions persuaded visitors to support state-led projects of capitalist development. Both exploitative, these interrelated projects benefited citizen-subjects in markedly uneven ways, as officials subjected them to their neocolonial agendas of "Hot War" development.
Adolescents’ psychological well-being and their perceptions of parental encouragement to control weight

Parents play a central role in the development of their children’s psychological well-being (i.e. body satisfaction, depression, and self-esteem). Parents face the difficult task of promoting a hea...
Abstract 184: Cardioprotective Effects of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor rs6265 Polymorphism in Duchenne Cardiomyopathy

We previously identified brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as a putative cardiac-specific biomarker for preserved cardiac function in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). BDNF has cardioprotec...
Higher Imaging Yield When Clinical Decision Support Is Used.

Abstract Objective Increased utilization of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for the evaluation of pulmonary embolism has been associated with decreasing diagnostic yields and rising concerns about the harms of unnecessary testing. The objective of this study was to determine whether clinical decision support (CDS) use would be associated with increased imaging yields after controlling for selection bias. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study in the emergency departments of two tertiary care hospitals of all CTPAs performed between August 2015 and September 2018. Providers ordering a CTPA are routed to an optional CDS tool, which allows them to use Wells’ Criteria for pulmonary embolism. After propensity score matching, CTPA yield was calculated for the CDS-use and CDS-dismissal groups and stratified by provider type. Results A total of 7,367 CTPAs were ordered during the study period. Of those, providers used the CDS tool in 2,568 (35%) cases and did not use the tool in 4,799 (65%) of cases. After propensity score matching, CTPA yield was 11.99% in the CDS-use group and 8.70% in the CDS-dismissal group (P Discussion Diagnostic yield was 38% higher for CTPAs when the provider used the CDS tool, after controlling for selection bias. Yields were higher for every provider type. Further research is needed to discover successful strategies to increase provider use of these important tools.
Analysis of Vehicular Safety Messaging in Cellular Networks.

This paper concerns the performance of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. More precisely, we analyze the broadcast of safety-related V2X communications in cellular networks where base stations and vehicles are assumed to share the same spectrum and vehicles broadcast their safety messages to neighboring users. We model the locations of vehicles as a Poisson line Cox point process and the locations of users as a planar Poisson point process. We assume that users are associated with their closest base stations when there is no vehicle within a certain distance $ \rho $. On the other hand, users located within a distance $ \rho $ from vehicles are associated with the vehicles to receive their safety messages. We quantify the properties of this vehicle-prioritized association using the stochastic geometry framework. We derive the fractions of users that receive safety messages from vehicles. Then, we obtain the expression for the signal-to-interference ratio of the typical user evaluated on each association type. To address the impact of vehicular broadcast on the cellular network, the paper also derives the effective rate offered to the typical user in this setting.
Physician Confidence in Neck Ultrasonography for Surveillance of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Recurrence.

Importance Neck ultrasonography, a mainstay of long-term surveillance for recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), is routinely used by endocrinologists, general surgeons, and otolaryngologists; however, physician confidence in their ability to use ultrasonography to identify lymph nodes suggestive of cancer recurrence remains unknown. Objective To evaluate physicians' posttreatment surveillance practices for DTC recurrence, specifically their use of and confidence in ultrasonography. Design, setting, and participants Cross-sectional study of 448 physicians in private and academic hospitals who completed a survey on DTC posttreatment practices from October 2018 to August 2019 (response rate, 69%) and self-reported involvement in long-term surveillance for thyroid cancer recurrence. Physicians were identified by patients affiliated with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registries in Georgia State and Los Angeles County. Of the respondents, 320 physicians who reported involvement with DTC surveillance were included in the analysis. Main outcomes and measures Physician-reported long-term surveillance practices for DTC, including frequency of use and level of confidence in ultrasonography for detecting lymph nodes suggestive of cancer recurrence. Results In the cohort of 320 physicians who reported involvement with DTC surveillance, 186 (60%) had been in practice for 10 years to less than 30 years; 209 (68%) were White; and 212 (66%) were men. The physicians included 170 (56%) endocrinologists, 67 (21%) general surgeons, and 75 (23%) otolaryngologists. Just 84 (27%) physicians reported personally performing bedside ultrasonography. Only 57 (20%) had high confidence (rated quite or extremely confident) in their ability to use bedside ultrasonography to identify lymph nodes suggestive of recurrence; 94 (33%) did not report high confidence in either their ability or a radiologist's ability to use ultrasonography to detect recurrence. Higher confidence in ultrasonography was associated with the general surgery subspecialty (odds ratio [OR], 5.7; 95% CI, 2.2-14.4; reference endocrinology) and with treating a higher number of patients per year (>50 patients: OR, 14.4; 95% CI, 4.4-47.4; 31-50 patients: OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.6-26.7; 11-30 patients: OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.5-12.1; reference 0-10 patients). Conclusions and relevance Given the importance of neck ultrasonography in long-term surveillance for thyroid cancer, these findings of physicians' low confidence in their own ability and that of radiologists to use ultrasonography to detect recurrence point to a major obstacle to standardizing long-term DTC surveillance practices.
Role of Molecular Architecture on Ion Transport in Ethylene oxide-Based Polymer Electrolytes

This work aims to develop a detailed mechanistic understanding of the role of a graft polymer architecture on lithium ion (Li+) transport in poly(ethylene oxide)-based polymer electrolytes. Specifi...
The impact of COVID-19-related changes in media consumption on public knowledge: results of a cross-sectional survey of Pennsylvania adults.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Americans have increasingly relied on internet versus television news. The extent to which this change in health news consumption practice impacts health knowledge is ...
Effects of universal critical CHD screening of neonates at a mid-sized California congenital cardiac surgery centre.

Introduction CHD affects over 1 million children in the United States. Studies show decreased mortality from CHD with newborn cardiac screening. California began a screening programme on 1 July, 2013. We evaluated the effect of mandatory screening on surgical outcomes at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital since 1 July, 2013. Methods We evaluated all infants having congenital heart surgery at Loma Linda University Children's Hospital between 1 July, 2013 and 31 December, 2018. Primary target diagnoses include hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid atresia, and truncus arteriosus. Secondary target diagnoses include aortic coarctation, double outlet right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly, interrupted aortic arch, and single ventricle. Patients were stratified by timing of diagnosis (pre-screen, screen positive, and screen negative). Primary end points were post-operative length of stay, operative mortality, absolute mortality, and actuarial survival. Results The cohort included 274 infants. Of these, 79% were diagnosed prior to screening (46% prenatally). Only 38% of those screened were positive, with 13% of the cohort having a "missed diagnosis." Conclusions Primary targets were more likely to be diagnosed by screening (53%), while secondary targets were unlikely to be diagnosed by screening (10%) (p = 0.004). Outcomes such as length of stay, operative mortality, and actuarial survival were not different based on timing of diagnosis (p > 0.05). Despite late diagnosis, those not diagnosed until after screening did not have adverse outcomes.
Plant killers make the cut.

Oomycete hyphae slice plant surfaces with a knife-like cutting action to invade underlying host cells.
Age, growth, and mortality of threatened Warsaw grouper, Hyporthodus nigritus, in the Gulf of Mexico

Abstract Warsaw grouper (Hyporthodus nigritus) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are currently managed as a single-stock; however, patchy distribution of suitable habitat may promote the development of discrete populations with different life history characteristics thereby complicating conservation policy. We estimated ages and age-length relationships of Warsaw grouper from different geographic regions in the GoM and applied von Bertalanffy growth functions (VBGF) to estimate growth parameters (L∞ and K) for each region. Otolith-based ages ranged from 1 to 91 years and estimated L∞ and growth coefficient (K) derived from the VBGF for all Warsaw grouper combined were 188.8 cm total length (TL) and 0.034 respectively. Region-specific growth parameters were similar for most of the GoM when VBGFs were limited to Warsaw grouper
Expected Utility Theory

The case of decision making under risk is one in which considerable consensus exists among decision experts as to how one ought to choose. The theory advises which alternative to select in complex decision situations on the basis of one’s basic taste and preferences about risk and the intrinsic value of the attribute(s) under consideration. Both of these elements are captured through a utility function so that maximizing expected utility becomes the guide to rational behavior in more complex situations.
Dopamine D4 receptor genotype variation in free-ranging rhesus macaques and its association with juvenile behavior

A polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene has been associated with significant variation in behavioral impulsivity, novelty-seeking, and risk-taking in humans and other animals. Rhesus macaques are an excellent animal model for research on the genetic basis of behavior using the candidate gene approach. Little is known, however, about allelic variation in DRD4 in large free-ranging populations of rhesus macaques and how this allelic variation relates to emotion regulation and behavior. In this study, we genotyped for the DRD4 polymorphism 178 individuals of different age and sex categories in the free-ranging rhesus macaque population on the island of Cayo Santiago, PR. Moreover, we examined the possible association between DRD4 allelic variation and three measures of juvenile behavior (time spent in proximity to the mother, avoidance of other individuals, and behavioral restlessness). Five different DRD4 alleles (5R, 5.5R, 6R, 6.5R, and 7R) were identified in the subject population. The most common allele was the 5R allele (78.5%), followed by the 7R allele (16.1%). Juveniles carrying the long form of the DRD4 allele (7R) spent less time in proximity to their mothers, avoided other individuals more often, and scored higher on behavioral restlessness than juveniles carrying the shorter alleles. Behavioral restlessness was also influenced by maternal DRD4 genotype. These results highlight both similarities and differences in the relative occurrence of DRD4 alleles and their association with behavior in this rhesus macaque population, other nonhuman primate species or populations, and humans.
Measuring Mass and Cross Section Parameters at a Focus Point Region

The purpose of this study is to determine the experimental uncertainties in measuring mass and cross section parameters of SUSY particles at a 500 GeV Linear Collider. In this study SUSY is a point in the focus point region of mSUGRA parameter space that is compatible with WMAP constraints on dark matter relic density. At this study point the masses of the squarks and sleptons are very heavy, and the only SUSY particles accessible at the Linear Collider would be the three lightest neutralinos, and the two lightest charginos: nino1, nino2, nino3, cino1+, cino2+, where nino1 is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). The charginos or neutralinos may be pair produced, and the subsequent decay cascades to the LSP allow us to measure the SUSY couplings and mass spectrum. We find that by looking for the signature 2 jets plus 2 leptons plus missing energy we can determine the mass of the LSP to within 1 GeV uncertainty and that the mass differences of nino2 and nino3 with the LSP mass can be determined to better than 0.5 GeV.
Rupture of the gravid uterus in the third trimester.

Abstract We have reviewed the experience at the Sloane Hospital for Women comprising 69 patients with ruptured uterus. The interrelationships of time of rupture (with regard to labor), site, degree, and symptoms have been detailed, and the relative significance of each weighed. It has been shown that the risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancy after uterine operation in any given patient, although influenced in some measure, cannot be predicted on the basis of any of these factors. Similarly, accurate prognostication cannot be made with reference to the type and technique of the previous uterine incision, the reason for its having been performed, and the postoperative course that ensued.
Protein stability in preserved biological remains

Abstract 1. 1. A sample of whole human blood that had been stored in the dried state for 8 years at room temperature was tested for the presence of eleven specific globular proteins. 2. 2. Eight of them survived, as judged by the criteria of enzymatic activity and reactivity with specific antiscra. 3. 3. Some of the surviving proteins have been further characterized by electrophoretic, spectral, and immunochemical techniques; there is evidence that they are modified despite the retention of enzymatic and antigenic activity.
Nipah and Hendra virus interactions with the innate immune system.

Nipah virus and Hendra virus are related, highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses with unusually broad host ranges. Henipaviruses encode several proteins that block innate immune responses, and these are likely to serve as virulence factors. Specfically, four virus-encoded proteins, the phosphoprotein (P), the V protein, the W protein, and the C protein have each been demonstrated to counteract aspects of the interferon (IFN)-α/β response, a key component of the innate immune response to virus infection. The available data indicate that V and W can inhibit the production of IFNα/β in response to various stimuli, while the P, V, and W proteins also block the ability of IFNs to signal and induce an antiviral state in cells. The C protein also inhibits the antiviral effects of IFNα/β by a poorly characterized mechanism. Reverse genetics systems, which allow the generation of recombinant viruses bearing specific mutations, have demonstrated the importance of the viral IFN-antagonists for replication. With these systems in hand, the field is now poised to define how specific viral IFN-antagonist functions influence viral pathogenesis.
NLDAS Views of North American 2011 Extreme Events

2011 was marked as one of the most extreme years in recent history. Over the course of the year, weather-related extreme events, such as floods, heat waves, blizzards, tornadoes, and wildfires, caused tremendous loss of human life and property. The North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS, http:ldas.gsfc.nasa.govnldas) data set, with high spatial and temporal resolutions (0.125 x 0.125, hourly) and various water- and energy-related variables, is an excellent data source for case studies of extreme events. This presentation illustrates some extreme events from 2011 in North America, including the Groundhog Day Blizzard, the July heat wave, Hurricane Irene, and Tropical Storm Lee, all utilizing NLDAS Phase 2 (NLDAS-2) data.