cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of excitotoxic amino acids on pituitary hormone secretion in the rat.

Abstract The acute effects of administration of 4 excitatory amino acids (n-methyl- dl -aspartic acid (NMA), kainic acid (KA), ibotenic acid (IA) and quinolinic acid (QA)) on the serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied in the rat. NMA-treated rats exhibited increased serum LH and GH concentrations while KA-treated rats showed increases only in serum GH concentrations. Neither IA nor QA altered adenohypophyseal hormone levels. These endocrine alterations induced by NMA and KA are different from those previously reported after administration of glutamate, another excitatory amino acid. The finding that all of the excitatory amino acids studied did not produce identical effects on anterior pituitary hormone secretion may be due to differential permeability of these substances into the central nervous system or because they act at different subtypes of excitatory amino acid receptors.
On the consistency of the global minimizer of Mallows' criterion for nonparametric regression

Abstract The purpose of this work is to solve an open problem suggested by Rice (1984) concerning the consistency of the global minimizer of Mallows' criterion. Mallows' criterion has been used for selecting the smoothing parameter for nonparametric regression. Rice (1984) showed that the local minimizer of Mallows' criterion on any compact interval containing the optimal bandwidth is (weakly) consistent. In this paper, the consistency of the global minimizer of Mallows' criterion is established.
Over-relaxation applied to the MacCormack finite-difference scheme

An over-relaxation procedure is applied to the MacCormack finite-difference scheme in order to reduce the computation time required to obtain a steady-state solution. The implementation of this acceleration procedure to an existing computer program using the regular MacCormack method is extremely simple and does not require additional storage. The over-relaxation procedure does not alter the steady-state solution, which is second-order accurate. The method is first applied to Burgers' equation. A stability condition and an expression for the increase in the rate of convergence are derived. The method is then applied to the calculation of the hypersonic viscous flow over a flat plate, using the complete Navier-Stokes equations, and the inviscid flow over a wedge. Reductions in computing time by factors of 3 and 1.5, respectively, are obtained by over-relaxation.
The Effect of Methyl Parathion on Predator Choice of Two Estuarine Prey Species

Abstract Fundulus grandis, the gulf killifish, was provided a prey choice of grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and juvenile sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. Fundulus grandis consumed a greater proportion of grass shrimp when both prey species were exposed to the pesticide methyl parathion than when prey were not exposed. The relative number of shrimp eaten increased with the concentration of methyl parathion. Such an effect in an estuary could result in altered species composition and species diversity.
Degeneracy effects on neutrino mass ejection in supernovae

A neutrino mechanism is discussed in order to explain supernovae in massive stars. An argument is presented for supernova mass ejection through leptonic neutrino transport characteristics suppressed by the arbitrary zero chemical potential condition. Results show that lepton conservation effects may be important in supernova neutrino transport. At low temperature and density the diffusion approximation becomes less precise because of the long mean free paths of low energy neutrinos. The amount of equilibrium neutrino spectrum affected here is small over most of the collapsing supernova structure.
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia–related epistaxis: innovations in understanding and management†

Background: Epistaxis is the most common manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), affecting approximately 90% of patients at some point during their lifetime. Bleeding is chronic and varies from mild, self-limited episodes to severe, transfusion-dependent or life-threatening epistaxis. Treatment options vary from conservative, nonsurgical management to more aggressive surgical approaches. A number of treatment options have been introduced in recent years. There is little consensus in the literature regarding treatment algorithms. The objective of this investigation was to provide a contemporary review of HHT-related epistaxis, including pathophysiology, disease manifestations, and state-of-the-art treatment modalities. Methods: A systematic review of the literature for HHT-related epistaxis was performed using the search terms “hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia” and “epistaxis.” Additional literature search regarding current recommendations for HHT evaluation and recent developments in genetic mechanisms, pathophysiology, and treatment of HHT was also performed. Results: A total of 308 articles were identified and reviewed for appropriateness of inclusion whereas 64 articles met inclusion criteria. Treatment options range from topical and hormonal therapy to more aggressive surgical modalities. Most treatment descriptions are case series, with few randomized controlled trials. A number of new and novel therapies have been introduced in recent years. Conclusion: HHT is a heterogeneous disease requiring multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment. Therapeutic options for HHT-related epistaxis vary from conservative, nonsurgical measures to more aggressive surgical treatments. A graduated treatment plan is recommended. Patients present with a wide degree in variation of severity of epistaxis, and treatment is best tailored to the individual patient. ©2012 ARSAAOA, LLC.
Garland Vein: Sequela of Left Innominate Occlusion

m ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2012.06.013 ccurred after an ipsilateral central venous catheter had een in place for 7 months. A peculiar garland-shaped enous configuration resulted from a grossly dilated accesory hemiazygos vein maintaining jugular and subclavian ow into the right atrium via the azygos vein, enabled by a ortuous hemiazygos-subclavian anastomosis (course demontrated by guide wire in Fig 2, arrows). Such an anastomosis oes not always exist: compensatory venous return followng innominate occlusion instead commonly occurs via ultiple smaller superficial and deep veins of the neck and horax into the jugular, subclavian, and innominate veins ontralaterally, or via collateral flow into the hemiazygos or nferior epigastric veins through intercostal and internal igure 2.
Warm O(+) polar wind and the DE-1 polar cap electron density profile

Theoretical steady state semikinetic polar wind density profiles, based on DE1/RIMS polar wind data (up to 3700 km), were obtained which agree very well with the power law electron density profile measured by the DE1/PWI for high altitudes. The polar wind is found to be O(+) dominated for the full altitude range considered (up to 8 R(E)). Multiple solutions are obtained for various combinations of base altitude ion temperatures and electron temperatures, such that the densities fit the Persoon et al. (1983) profile. For example, good fits to measured density profile are found for low base ion temperatures (5000 K) and high electron temperatures (9000 K), and also for unheated H(+) and O(+)(3000 K) with electron temperatures of 11,000 K. Below 2.8 R(E) the theoretical polar wind density deviates somewhat from the r exp -3.85 power law. It is concluded that this theoretical polar wind density profile, with a sum of base electron and ion temperatures of 14,000 K, yields a close match with the measured DE-1 electron density profile.
The Individual ↔ Context Nexus in Developmental Intergroup Theory: Within and Beyond the Ivory Tower

Each individual’s personal experiences—and the developmental environments that individuals create for others’ personal experiences—are profoundly affected by membership in, and attitudes toward, social groups. Although social groups may offer supports to their members and though members may contribute to groups’ collective good, social-group divisions also create occasions for stereotyping and prejudice. This article reviews developmental intergroup theory (Bigler & Liben, 2006) that argues for the emergence of stereotyping and prejudice through the relational interplay of constructive and contextual processes. The theory is then discussed in the domain of gender by describing first, illustrative laboratory and field research on gender stereotypes and biases, and second, implications for gender-segregated (single-sex) educational programs.
Electron beam damage of chemisorbed surface species: A tunneling spectroscopy study

Abstract Electron beam damage is a problem for low-energy electron diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. We have used tunneling spectroscopy to study the damage caused by 30 keV incident electrons on chemisorbed monolayer films of hexanoic acid, 2,4-hexadienoic acid, and benzoic acid. Our results on monolayer films are compared to existing work on bulk samples. Damage cross sections are similar to bulk values; molecules with more delocalized electrons are more resistant to damage. In contrast to bulk results, however, we find little if any conjugation or cross linking after irradiation.
Unified Lagrangian Neural Network method for subpixel classification in hyperspectral imagery

Because of the foot print of a pixel is relative large, one pixel usually contains more than one material. The spectrum of each pixel vector can be considered as spectral mixture of all materials present in that pixel. How to unmix the spectra while dealing with constraint at the same time is a challenging problem in spectral mixture analysis. One approach is supervised constrained least squares approach, which has full knowledge about the spectrum signatures of endmembers resident in the image scene. The other is unsupervised unmixing method using Lagrangian Artificial Neural Network (LANN) with no knowledge about the image scene. The concept of unit-sum constraint is identical in both cases, the difference is whether one uses the known spectral characteristics for the supervised training or not. In practice, we need both methodologies for efficiency reasons, since there is 'curse of dimensionality' (too large degree of freedom in hyperspectral). The supervised one can reduce the search and ID size and the unsupervised one can discover the unknown interferences and thus in constrained least squares algorithms help ID. The constrained least squares method has been discussed in digital signal processing and applied to hyperspectral imagery while LANN to multispectral imagery. In this paper, we expend LANN to hyperspectral image classification and also discuss the relationship between the constrained least squares method and LANN. These two methods alleviate this problem by adopting the Lagrange multiplier in neural network to relax the sum-to-one constraint. To evaluate this designed algorithm a series of experiments using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS images are conducted to show its potential usefulness in hyperspectral image classification.
Denitrification potential and its relation to organic carbon quality in three coastal wetland soils.

Abstract Capacity of a wetland to remove nitrate through denitrification is controlled by its physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Understanding these characteristics will help better to guide beneficial use of wetlands in processing nitrate. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) quality and denitrification rate in Louisiana coastal wetlands. Composite soil samples of different depths were collected from three different wetlands along a salinity gradient, namely, bottomland forest swamp (FS), freshwater marsh (FM), and saline marsh (SM) located in the Barataria Basin estuary. Potential denitrification rate (PDR) was measured by acetylene inhibition method and distribution of carbon (C) moieties in organic C was determined by 13 C solid-state NMR. Of the three wetlands, the FM soil profile exhibited the highest PDR on both unit weight and unit volume basis as compared to FS and SM. The FM also tended to yield higher amount of N 2 O as compared to the FS and SM especially at earlier stages of denitrification, suggesting incomplete reduction of NO 3 − at FM and potential for emission of N 2 O. Saline marsh soil profile had the lowest PDR on the unit volume basis. Increasing incubation concentration from 2 to 10 mg NO 3 − -N L − 1 increased PDR by 2 to 6 fold with the highest increase in the top horizons of FS and SM soils. Regression analysis showed that across these three wetland systems, organic C has significant effect in regulating PDR. Of the compositional C moieties, polysaccharides positively influenced denitrification rate whereas phenolics (likely phenolic adehydes and ketonics) negatively affected denitrification rate in these wetland soils. These results could have significant implication in integrated assessment and management of wetlands for treating nutrient-rich biosolids and wastewaters, non-point source agricultural runoff, and nitrate found in the diverted Mississippi River water used for coastal restoration.
FAAP20: a novel ubiquitin-binding FA nuclear core-complex protein required for functional integrity of the FA-BRCA DNA repair pathway.

Fanconi anemia (FA) nuclear core complex is a multiprotein complex required for the functional integrity of the FA-BRCA pathway regulating DNA repair. This pathway is inactivated in FA, a devastating genetic disease, which leads to hematologic defects and cancer in patients. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a novel 20-kDa FANCA-associated protein (FAAP20). We show that FAAP20 is an integral component of the FA nuclear core complex. We identify a region on FANCA that physically interacts with FAAP20, and show that FANCA regulates stability of this protein. FAAP20 contains a conserved ubiquitin-binding zinc-finger domain (UBZ), and binds K-63–linked ubiquitin chains in vitro. The FAAP20-UBZ domain is not required for interaction with FANCA, but is required for DNA-damage–induced chromatin loading of FANCA and the functional integrity of the FA pathway. These findings reveal critical roles for FAAP20 in the FA-BRCA pathway of DNA damage repair and genome maintenance.
Promoting Self‐Advocacy Among Minority Students in School Counseling

This article presents self-advocacy competencies developed to promote the academic, career, and personal/social success of minority students. The authors discuss challenges faced by minority students in today's educational environment and review principles of self-advocacy. Competencies for developing self-advocacy awareness, knowledge, and skills are discussed along with school counseling strategies for promoting self-advocacy among minority students.
Graphically-oriented reverse engineering tools for Ada software (abstract)

Computer professionals have long promoted the idea that graphical representations of software are extremely useful as comprehension aids when used to supplement textual descriptions and specifications of software, especially for large complex systems. The general goal of this research is the study and formulation of graphical representations of algorithms, structures, and processes for Ada (GRASP/Ada). The research is presently focused on the extraction and generation of graphical representations from Ada source code to directly support the process of reverse engineering.Our primary motivation for reverse engineering is increased support for software reusability and software maintenance. While applications written in Ada may seem somewhat young to benefit from reverse engineering, NASA and others are quickly amassing libraries of Ada packages. Both reuse and maintenance should be greatly facilitated by automatically generating a set of “formalized diagrams” to supplement the source code and other forms of existing documentation.The first tool implemented was the Control Structure Diagram (CSD Generator. The CSD is representative of a new group of graphical representations for algorithms that can co-exist with PDL or source code. The CSD generator has the potential to increase the comprehensibility of Ada PDL and/or source code, which may have wide-ranging implications for the design, implementation, and maintenance of software written in Ada. In particular, the tool can provide graphical representations which are more easily understood than their textual equivalents. Graphical aids which can increase the efficiency of understanding will ultimately reduce the overall cost of software.
Functional significance of cytochrome c oxidase structure

Abstract The long-awaited structure of the integral membrane respiratory complex cytochrome c oxidase will now allow more precisely targeted studies designed to understand the mechanism of redox-linked proton pumping.
Error analysis of mixed finite element methods for wave propagation in double negative metamaterials

In this paper, we develop both semi-discrete and fully discrete mixed finite element methods for modeling wave propagation in three-dimensional double negative metamaterials. Optimal error estimates are proved for Nedelec spaces under the assumption of smooth solutions. To our best knowledge, this is the first error analysis obtained for Maxwell's equations when metamaterials are involved.
Perceptions of Domestic Violence: A Dialogue with African American Women

Although empirical research has accumulated over the past 20 years regarding African Americans and domestic violence, many questions remain about African American perceptions of domestic violence. This article explores African American women's perceptions about domestic violence through three focus groups held at a New York social services agency. The findings point to the need to better understand diverse perceptions of domestic violence, to find culturally competent methods of addressing the inaccessibility of domestic violence services, to increase culturally appropriate public education, and to conduct more research on the connection between domestic violence and child welfare in communities of color.
Medical management of acute pain in patients with chronic pain

The number of patients with chronic pain has increased over the years, as well as the number of patients who manage chronic pain with opioids. As prescribed opioid use has increased, so has its abuse and misuse. It has also been estimated that the number of people using opioids illicitly has doubled worldwide over the last 20 years. Management of chronic pain with opioids is associated with pathophysiological phenomena such as tolerance, dependence and hyperalgesia. They can become a problem when chronic pain patients present for a surgical procedure. Furthermore, patients who are on opioids on a regular basis require higher amounts during the perioperative period. The perioperative management of the chronic pain patient is difficult and complex. Developing an appropriate plan that can fulfill patients' and surgical team's needs requires skills and experience. The aim of this review is to describe the options available for the optimal perioperative management of acute pain in patients with a history of chronic pain.
Evidence-based Practices Addressed in Community-based Children's Mental Health Clinical Supervision.

CONTEXT Clinical supervision is the principal method of training for psychotherapeutic practice, however there is virtually no research on supervision practice in community settings. Of particular interest is the role supervision might play in facilitating implementation of evidence-based (EB) care in routine care settings. OBJECTIVE This study examines the format and functions of clinical supervision sessions in routine care, as well as the extent to which supervision addresses psychotherapeutic practice elements common to EB care for children with disruptive behavior problems, who represent the majority of patients served in publicly-funded routine care settings. METHODS Supervisors (n=7) and supervisees (n=12) from four publicly-funded community-based child mental health clinics reported on 130 supervision sessions. RESULTS Supervision sessions were primarily individual in-person meetings lasting one hour. The most common functions included case conceptualization and therapy interventions. Coverage of practice elements common to EB treatments was brief. DISCUSSION Despite the fact that most children presenting to public mental health services are referred for disruptive behavior problems, supervision sessions are infrequently focused on practice elements consistent with EB treatments for this population. Supervision is a promising avenue through which training in EB practices could be supported to improve the quality of care for children in community-based "usual care" clinics.
Protein glycosylation: nature, distribution, enzymatic formation, and disease implications of glycopeptide bonds

Formation of the sugar-amino acid linkage is a crucial event in the biosynthesis of the carbohydrate units of glycoproteins. It sets into motion a complex series of posttranslational enzymatic steps that lead to the formation of a host of protein-bound oligosaccharides with diverse biological functions. These reactions occur throughout the entire phylogenetic spectrum, ranging from archaea and eubacteria to eukaryotes. It is the aim of this review to describe the glycopeptide linkages that have been found to date and specify their presence on well-characterized glycoproteins. A survey is also made of the enzymes involved in the formation of the various glycopeptide bonds as well as the site of their intracellular action and their affinity for particular peptide domains is evaluated. This examination indicates that 13 different monosaccharides and 8 amino acids are involved in glycoprotein linkages leading to a total of at least 41 bonds, if the anomeric configurations, the phosphoglycosyl linkages, as well as the GPI (glycophosphatidylinositol) phosphoethanolamine bridge are also considered. These bonds represent the products of N- and O-glycosylation, C-mannosylation, phosphoglycation, and glypiation. Currently at least 16 enzymes involved in their formation have been identified and in many cases cloned. Their intracellular site of action varies and includes the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, cytosol, and nucleus. With the exception of the Asn-linked carbohydrate and the GPI anchor, which are transferred to the polypeptide en bloc, the sugar-amino acid linkages are formed by the enzymatic transfer of an activated monosaccharide directly to the protein. This review also deals briefly with glycosidases, which are involved in physiologically important cleavages of glycopeptide bonds in higher organisms, and with a number of human disease states in which defects in enzymatic transfer of saccharides to protein have been implicated.
Aging and microcirculatory dynamics in human gingiva.

Abstract There have been no published reports characterizing gingival vascular function in humans of different ages. In this study, we compared gingival vascular dynamics in 60 healthy male humans ranging in age from 18–75 years (young, 18–25 years (Y); middle, 35–45 years (M); old, 65–75 years (O), 20 subjects/group). Both videomicroscopy of individual microvessels and laser doppler flowmetry were employed to assess marginal gingival circulation. Systemic cardio-pulmonary parameters were monitored as controls. The number of gingival vessels visible in a microscopic field was higher and the number of microvessels exhibiting active flow was lower in M and O compared to Y. There were no differences among age groups in laser doppler flow values (tissue blood flow) or in red blood cell velocity in individual vessels. Although not statistically significant with age there was a trend towards decreasing blood flow velocity in both the laser doppler and videomicroscopic measurements. Blood pressure increased slightly with age. Peripheral oxygen saturation was lower in O compared to Y and M. No differences were seen in heart rate, respiratory rate or end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration. The changes in blood pressure and oxygen saturation were expected. The differences in numbers of visible vessels and the number of vessels with active blood flow may reflect the way the gingival microcirculation adapts with age to changing nutritional needs or to microbial and/or mechanical challenge.
DO SHRUB COLONIZERS OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN GRASSLAND FIT GENERALITIES FOR OTHER WOODY COLONIZERS

Grasslands are subject to woody plant invasions worldwide. To retain landscape mosaics of woody and grassland vegetation, preserve managers need to understand how vegetation boundaries shift. Woody plant colonization of grasslands without fire is widely known in mediterranean-climate regions, yet few generalities have emerged for woody colonizer traits or colonization processes. Here we report on our research into processes of grassland colonization by summer deciduous coastal sage scrub species of semiarid southern California. We used four coastal sage shrub dominants to elucidate dynamics of grassland colonization and within-stand replacement. We measured seed production, dispersal, and storage; seedling numbers; and growth and flowering for two years in three grassland-scrub sites. Traits of our four species matched those of native woody colonizers as described in other systems and included: recruitment over a range of site conditions, annual production of large seed crops, long-distance dispersal (int...
WE-D-201B-03: Recent Advances in PET Quantitation of Myocardial Blood Flow

Absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantitation with dynamic PET has great potential in the assessment of the extent and severity of ischemia in patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD) but is not, to date, part of clinical care. This lecture will provide an overview of what can be achieved today in terms of accuracy and reproducibility with several PET flow tracers. It will also present recent methodological developments in terms of automated quantitation of MBF using factor and compartment analyses of dynamic PET data that have the potential to bring MBF quantitation to the clinical setting. Finally novel promising tracers will be presented as they can further make MBF quantitation a clinical reality. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand the fundamentals of myocardial blood flow quantitation 2. Understand the challenges to accurate and reproducible MBF quantitation with PET 3. Understand recent developments and opportunities in MBF quantitation methods using dynamic PET
Are Clinical Records Really That Important? The Dearth of Research and Practice Guidelines in MFT Literature

In Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT), case notes can play an important role in providing quality care and in maintaining the integrity of the therapeutic relationship. Case notes are invaluable for clinicians on many different levels: clinically, ethically, and legally. In this article, we will highlight the many uses of case notes within the field and will give examples of what problems may occur when case notes are not adequately, thoroughly, and timely kept. We also provide a review of all research-based information available on this topic over a fifteen-year period. The results of the review are disheartening as this area has received no empirical attention in MFT Literature. We call attention to this dearth of information and give suggestions regarding future research and training.
Spatiotemporal scale dependency and other sensitivities in dynamic land-use change simulations

This study examines how land-use change simulation outcomes can vary based on the way the simulation model is applied, attempting to support informed model choices and model applications. This is accomplished through a series of experiments using a hypothetical model that represents the basic logic of various cell-based dynamic land-use change modeling environments. In the experiments, consideration is given to the sensitivity of the simulation results with respect to the following four application specifications: 1 the spatial resolution, 2 the temporal resolution, 3 the probability distribution, and 4 the degree of the influence of stochastic factors, under multiple growth scenarios. The experiments show that all four factors, particularly the spatiotemporal resolution and the degree to which stochastic factors are involved, can generate substantial variation in the simulation model outcomes. It is also found that the magnitude of the variation can be affected by changes in regional growth rates and the level of fluctuation, which determine the demand for new development to be allocated over the simulation time horizon.
Epidemiologic evidence of a role of carotenoids in cardiovascular disease prevention

The tremendous chemical potential of the highly conjugated double bonds in carotenoids has driven research into their protective role in cardiovascular disease development. Prevention of low-density-lipoprotein oxidation and reduction of oxidative stress at the plaque formation are popular hypotheses underlying this research. Many epidemiologic studies have examined relations between beta-carotene exposure and cardiovascular disease risk. These studies used different measures to determine carotenoid exposure: semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires, carotenoid concentrations in serum taken before the onset of disease and analyzed after diagnosis, and carotenoid concentrations in adipose tissue. Although the epidemiologic evidence is consistent with a protective association between beta-carotene and cardiovascular disease, findings from the first single intervention trial conducted in a large free-living population cast doubts on the utility of beta-carotene for all high-risk populations. Beta-Carotene may only represent a marker of dietary behavior conductive to lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Research on other carotenoids is needed.
Rapamycin inhibits fibronectin-induced migration of the human arterial smooth muscle line (E47) through the mammalian target of rapamycin.

The matrix protein fibronectin (FN) is a potent agoinst of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. The role of rapamycin and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in matrix protein-induced ...
Elevation of HeLa cell 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity by glucocorticoids: possible relationship to the cell cycle.

Elevation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase, EC 1.1.1.34) activity by glucocorticoids was shown to be dependent on the concentration of hormone in the medium over a range of 5 X 10(-10) to 1 X 10(-8) M, although the presence of steroid in the assay at 10(-5) M elicited no increase in activity. There was a demonstrated time dependence for the addition of dexamethasone i.e., from zero to six hours after serum removal, addition of hormone resulted in the same peak acitvity; addition at 12 hours gave slight elevation but resulted in an extended maintenance of the peak level of activity; addition at 24 hours showed no effect. When cycloheximide was added to the above times, subsequent kinetics showed identical decay of the enzyme activities from control and treated cultures at 6 and 24 hours, but at 12 hours the activity from dexamethasone treated cells exhibited an extended lag before the onset of decay, which then proceeded at the same rate as the control. The continuous presence of the hormone was not necessary for the induction to continue and the addition of Actinomycin D to cultures incubated in the presence of hormone resulted in an immediate decay of catalytic activity without evidence of "superinduction." The addition of progesterone at the same time as dexamethasone resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of the augmentation, suggesting the involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor in the elevation of HMG-CoA reductase activity. Flow microfluorometric (FMF) analysis of hormone treated cells indicated a delayed entrance into the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle. The temporal relationships between this cell cycle perturbation and HMG-CoA reductase elevation are discussed.
Emerging drugs for chemotherapy-induced emesis

Abstract Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is associated with a significant deterioration in quality of life. The emetogenicity of the chemotherapeutic agents, repeated chemotherapy cycles and patient risk factors (female gender, younger age, no alcohol consumption, history of motion sickness) are the major risk factors for CINV. The use of 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists plus dexamethasone has significantly improved the control of acute CINV, but delayed nausea and vomiting remains a significant clinical problem. Two new agents, palonosetron and aprepitant, have recently been approved for the prevention of both acute and delayed CINV. Palonosetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with a longer half-life and a higher binding affinity than first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Aprepitant is the first agent available in the new drug class of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1) antagonists. There are a number of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and NK-1 receptor antagonists currently in Phase II and III clinical trials. Revised antiemetic guidelines for the prevention of CINV are reviewed. Future studies may consider the use of palonosetron and aprepitant with current and other new agents (olanzapine, gabapentin) in moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy, as well as in the clinical settings of multiple-day chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation.
Rationally Designed Supramolecular Organic Hosts for Benzo[a]pyrene Binding and Detection

A series of electronically dissymmetric all-organic macrocycles were synthesized using straightforward synthetic procedures. These macrocycles vary in the nature of the substituents, the geometry of the linkage that connects the electron-deficient aromatic ring, the type of linkage, and the presence or absence of a heteroaromatic ring. These small structural variations impart significant differences in the performance of these macrocycles in binding benzo[a]pyrene, with binding constants up to 2.5 × 104 M–1 obtained. They also lead to significant differences in their ability to promote non-covalent energy transfer from benzo[a]pyrene to a BODIPY fluorophore, with energy transfer efficiencies ranging from 32 % to 398 %. These differences can be explained using a variety of computational investigative techniques, which highlight the flexibility of the macrocycle architectures to accommodate benzo[a]pyrene and to promote close donor–acceptor interactions.
A Systematic Review on Confidentiality, Disclosure, and Stigma in the United States: Lessons for HIV Care in Pregnancy From Reproductive Genetics

The fields of HIV care in pregnancy and reproductive genetics have always been ‘exceptional’ in that patients are highly concerned about the potential for stigma and the corresponding need for privacy and confidentiality. However, the two fields have diverged in how they have addressed these concerns. The systematic review analyzed 61 manuscripts for similarities and differences between the fields of HIV care in pregnancy and reproductive genetics in the United States, with respect to privacy, confidentiality, disclosure, and stigma. The systematic review revealed that the field of HIV care in pregnancy has insufficiently addressed patient concerns about privacy, confidentiality, and stigma compared to the field of reproductive genetics. Failure to adequately protect confidentiality of HIV-positive patients, and failure to reduce stigma associated with HIV testing and treatment are deficiencies in the delivery of care to HIV-positive pregnant woman and barriers to reducing vertical transmission of HIV. Im...
Race and the Immigration Laws: The Need for Critical Inquiry, in Crossroads, Directions, and a New Critical Race Theory

During its first decade, Critical Race Theory ("CRT") has failed to explore fully the relationship between race and immigration law. This material omission results in part from the longstanding assumption that race relations in the United States exclusively concerns African Americans and whites. Such a binary perspective, however, obscures the relationship between the subordination of various minority communities. It is simply not possible to fully appreciate the treatment of any particular racial group without understanding the deeply interrelated and intertwined oppression of all racial minorities in the United States. Because immigration law unquestionably is central to Asian and Latina/o subordination, a complete picture of racism requires study of how the immigration laws have adversely affected those communities. In expanding the breadth of CRT's inquiry, we must take care not to dilute or obscure [the] claims and interests of African Americans or to blame them for the mistreatment of "foreign" minorities. Nonetheless, CRT must come to grips with the challenges posed by the international complexities of racial subordination. As emergent critical Latina/o, or LatCrit, and Asian American legal scholarship have made clear, immigration law, which implicates such global linkages, is fertile for critical examination. For CRT to achieve its full potential, race scholars must begin a careful examination of immigration law and policy, extracting its teachings about race and racism in the United States. If not, CRT faces diminishing influence, if not irrelevance. Analysis of the connection between domestic and foreign racisms flows naturally from previous critical studies. CRT, for example, demonstrated the linkage between United States foreign policy and domestic civil rights by considering how the desegregation efforts in the 1950s advanced this nation's Cold War against communism. LatCrit theorists also have begun to explore the transnational impacts of domestic subordination. Part I of this essay postulates that the exclusions found in the immigration laws effectuate and reinforce racial subordination in the United States. Part II identifies areas of immigration law that, though facially neutral, have racial impacts and deserve concentrated critical inquiry. This analysis demonstrates how the racial implications of the immigration laws must be fully understood before CRT can begin to master the complexities of racial subordination in the United States. In sum, this essay identifies possible relationships between domestic racial subordination and the laws regulating immigration into the United States. Although these laws often are dismissed as racist, precious little time has been spent on analyzing how they are part and parcel of subordination in the United States. Such linkages deserve CRT attention.
Community-Based Spouse Abuse Protection and Family Preservation Team

Fragmentation and lack of communication plague agencies that serve families in which spouse abuse occurs. Spouse-abuse families may have service needs that span the fields of medical, legal, and social services; law enforcement; and employment. This article provides a brief overview of the multiple service needs of spouse-abuse families and describes a framework for developing, organizing, and implementing a community-based spouse abuse protection and family preservation team. The proposed model recognizes the needs of victims, perpetrators, and their family members. Language: en
CubeSat Autonomous Rendezvous Simulation

An autonomous mission manager is being developed for use on small satellites, including CubeSats, in proximity operations applications where one satellite is near another cooperating spacecraft. The mission manager performs mission event sequencing/resequencing and coordination between the autonomous rendezvous and docking algorithm and the maneuvering satellite while also providing guidance, navigation, and control automation, contingency diagnosis and response, and abort condition determination and execution. In the case of small satellites, limited sensing, actuation, and computing resources require special consideration when creating a mission manager for these vehicles. A detailed simulation tool was created that allows existing guidance, navigation, and control laws to be incorporated into an overall mission manager structure. A representative approach trajectory for a spacecraft from 1 km to 1 m to a cooperating vehicle is used to demonstrate performance. Spacecraft sensor and actuator hardware is simulated so that imperfect knowledge and control may exercise the mission manager algorithms. The system is designed to run in real-time on a standard low power microprocessor that could be used on a CubeSat or similar small satellite.
Red Cell Charge as Affected by Low Viscosity Dextran.

SummaryThe effects of trauma and LVD on red cell charge were studied electrometri-cally using normal subjects, post-surgical and shock patients. The highest levels of negative colloidal charge were found in a group of 11 shock patients, all characterized by cellular aggregation and microcirculatory derangements. The administration of LVD resulted in increases of negative colloidal charge in all patients. The greatest increases (30%) were found in normal patients. LVD infusion produced a marked improvement in the circulatory status of shock patients, but the negative colloidal charge was increased only by about 5%. The results show that the effect of LVD on agglutination of erythro-cytes depends not only on the magnitude of the surface charge, but also on the physico-chemical nature of the surface which is formed.
Improved Standard Method for Determining Phosphoric Acid in The Air of Workplace

[Objective]To improve the standard method for determining phosphoric acid in the air of workplace,so as to make it to be applied in practical work.[Methods]The acidity of the solution and preparation method of reductant were changed,and the optimum analysis conditions were discovered.[Results]Good linear relationship showed as phosphate content of 2.5 ~ 70 μg.The regression formula was Y=0.0174 X+0.0187,r=0.999,the detection limit was 1.5μg/5 ml.when the volume of collected air samples were 75L,the minimum detection concentration was 0.1 mg/m3.Recovery was 98.4% ~ 106.0%,RSD was 2.0% ~ 4.5%.[Conclusion]The improved method can be applied in practical work.
Iodine nutrition of special groups in Tianjin after implementation of new salt iodine standard

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional level of three special groups(pregnant women,lactating women and children aged 8-10 years) in Tianjin after the implementation of new salt iodine standard and to provide a scientific basis for salt iodine concentration adjustment. Methods In 2012 and 2013, two primary schools were selected in each of the six counties in the city, 25 ml urine of 36 children aged 8-10 years in each school were randomly collected, and 100 g edible salt were collected in every child family.A total of 30 early, middle, late pregnant women and 30 lactating women in each county were selected respectively, the random sample of 25 ml urine were collected. The salt iodine was determined by direct titration, Sichuan salt and other fortified salt by arbitration determination. The urinary iodine was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Results As for 8-10 years old children, pregnant women, lactation women, the medians of urine iodine were 180.0, 127.2 and 85.8 μg/L respectively. The level of urinary iodine of children of different parts was appropriate, and that for the pregnant women was lower than appropriate. The iodine nutrition level of lactation women in coastal counties was appropriate, other parts insufficient. The median of iodized salt iodine was 23.30 mg/kg. Conclusion Urine iodine of three special groups in Tianjin exists obvious differences in people and regions. Iodine nutrition of pregnant and lactation women is insufficient. The median salt iodine concentration is below the standard(30 mg/kg) required in Tianjin. The amount of salt iodine added should be increased to comply with the standard.
Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Existing Reinforced Concrete Poles with Connection Joint

In order to reveal the failure mechanism and bearing capacity of existing reinforced concrete poles(RCP),flexural capacity experiment for two kinds of reinforced concrete pole with different rod length(6 poles altogether) and with steel ring joints at midspan were carried out.Through experiment,the whole process of forcing and failure pattern of specimens was observed,and a series of important indexes such as the bending moment-deflection curve,the crack width-bending moment curve,the stiffness degradation curve and the ultimate bending moment were obtained.The related stiffness degradation formula was put forward by comparing,the bearing capacity and the stiffness of two kinds of poles and experimental fitting.Results show that majority of specimen failure patterns is concrete creaking without steel ring joint yield,and their failures are obviously brittle.The mean strains of specimen cross-sections meet the plane-section assumption.The ultimate bearing load of short rod length specimen is larger than that of longer length specimen.Crack width-bending moment curve broadly experiences four stages: uncracked stage,gradual increase stage after cracking,stable development stage and rapid cracking stage.The initial elastic stiffness and elasto-plastic stiffness of short specimens are larger than those of long specimens.The range of relative rigid zone at the shorter pole are larger than that of longer pole.The relative stiffness domain of pole joint has great influence on mechanical properties of pole.