cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Poly(U)-directed peptide-bond formation from the 2'(3')-glycyl esters of adenosine derivatives.

The self-condensation of 2′(3′)-O-glycyl esters of adenosine, adenosine-5′-(O-methylphosphate) and P1, P2-diadenosine-5′-pyrophosphate in 6.2 mM solutions at pH 8.0 and -5°C in the presence of 12.5 mM poly(U) yields approximately 3 times as much diketopiperazine as reactions without poly(U). As the concentration of 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5′-pyrophosphate is decreased from 6.2 mM to 1.5 mM the yield of diketopiperazine in the presence of poly(U) decreases slightly from 6.6% to 5.2%, whereas, in the absence of poly(U) the yield of diketopiperazine decreases substantially from 2.4% to 0.75%. The enhanced yield of diketopiperazine that is attributed to the template action of poly(U) is temperature dependent and is observed only at temperatures below 10°C (5°C to -5°C) for 6.2 mM 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5′-(O-methylphosphate) and below 23°C (15°C to -5°C) for 6.2 mM 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5′-pyrophosphate. The absence of a template effect at high temperatures is attributed to the melting of the organized helices. The hydrolysis half-lives at pH 8.0 and -5°C of 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine, 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine-5′-(O-methylphosphate), 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-P1, P2-diadenosine-5′-pyrophosphate, and 5′-O-(glycyl)-adenosine in the presence of poly(U) are substantially larger than their half-lives in the absence of poly(U). The condensation of 2′(3′)-O-(glycyl)-adenosine yields 5% of 5′-O-(glycyl)-adenosine in the presence of poly(U) compared to 0.7% in the absence of poly(U).
Character interaction with handheld projectors

I present a summary of my research dealing with character interaction using handheld projectors. My work draws from the tradition of pre-cinema handheld projectors that use direct physical manipulation to control projected imagery. I build upon this work with a system allowing users to interactively control characters by moving and gesturing with the handheld projector itself. This creates a unified interaction style where input and output are tied together within a single device. I present a prototype handheld platform, several games, and augmented reality application scenarios to illustrate the approach.
Inflationary finance and currency substitution in a public finance framework

Abstract This paper analyzes the impact of currency substitution on inflationary finance in a public finance framework. It is shown that if foreign money balances can be taxed (or subsidized), the optimal inflation tax is always zero. In the more realistic case in which foreign money cannot be taxed, the optimal inflation tax is positive whenever there are revenue needs. Moreover, the optimal inflation tax is an increasing function of government spending and the foreign nominal interest rate.
The Impact of Work Schedules, Home, and Work Demands on Self-Reported Sleep in Registered Nurses

Objective:To explore the relationship of work schedules to self-reported restless and inadequate sleep in a large population-based sample of registered nurses.Methods:Cross-sectional mailed survey (n = 2246). Work schedule measures included hours worked per day and per week, weekends per month, shif
GATA-3 expression as a predictor of hormone response in breast cancer.

Background Expression of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) as determined by immunohistochemistry of tumor tissue is currently the most clinically useful test to predict hormone responsiveness of breast cancer. Thirty percent of ERα-positive breast cancers do not respond to hormonal therapy. GATA-3 is a transcription factor that is expressed in association with ERα and there is evidence that GATA factors influence response to estrogen. In this pilot study, we investigated whether GATA-3 expression is associated with hormone response in breast cancer. Study design Breast cancer tissue was stained for GATA-3 expression by immunohistochemistry in ERα-positive cancers from 28 patients, 14 of whom were defined as hormone unresponsive (cases) and 14 of whom were age-matched controls with hormone-responsive, ERα-positive cancers (controls). Results Comparing cases and controls, there were no differences in expression of ERα; progesterone receptor, ErbB2; or tumor grade. Using 20% nuclear staining to characterize tumors as GATA-3 positive or GATA-3 negative, 6 of 14 (43%) cancers in the hormone-unresponsive group and none of the controls were classified as GATA-3 negative (odds ratio, 8.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2−∞; p=0.031). Using different cut points to characterize GATA-3 positivity yielded very similar results, indicating a positive association between lack of GATA-3 expression and lack of response to hormonal therapy. Conclusions The study suggests that analyzing ERα-positive breast tumors for GATA-3 using immunohistochemistry might improve prediction of hormone responsiveness. The association between GATA-3 expression and hormone response suggests that GATA-3 may play a role in mechanisms controlling response to estrogen.
The complex structured singular value

A tutorial introduction to the complex structured singular value (μ) is presented, with an emphasis on the mathematical aspects of μ. The μ-based methods discussed here have been useful for analysing the performance and robustness properties of linear feedback systems. Several tests for robust stability and performance with computable bounds for transfer functions and their state space realizations are compared, and a simple synthesis problem is studied. Uncertain systems are represented using Linear Fractional Transformations (LFTs) which naturally unify the frequency-domain and state space methods.
Visualizing changes in data collections using growing self-organizing maps

A. Nu/spl uml/rnberger (2001) has proposed a modification of the standard learning algorithm for self-organizing maps that iteratively increases the size of the map during the learning process by adding single neurons. The main advantage of this approach is the automatic control of the size and topology of the map, thus avoiding the problem of misclassification because of an imposed size. In this paper, we discuss how this algorithm can be used to visualize changes in data collections. We illustrate our approach with some examples.
The Levantine intermediate water between the Strait of Sicily and the Strait of Gibraltar

Abstract An STD section between the Straits of Sicily and Gibraltar, supplemented by other hydrographic observations, is used to review and expand upon the available descriptions of the flow of the Levantine Intermediate Water. The topographic constraints downstream of the Strait of Sicily are discussed. Southwest of Sardinia, where bifurcation of the flow is generally thought to occur, 250 meters of the most saline layer is recorded as it turns (north) out of the section. The continuation of the deeper intermediate water along the North African coast is questioned. Finally, the diminution of core salinity before entering the Alboran Sea is related to an observed influx of very cold water from the north.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OF PREPARTAL AND POSTPARTAL ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE TREATMENT ON LACTATION IN THE RAT

Numerous attempts to determine the relation of hormones to the initiation of lactation following parturition have been made. The onset of lactation has been attributed to removal of an inhibitory action of progesterone, estrogen or a combination of progesterone and estrogen. The establishment of lactation following the removal of corpora lutea in the rabbit (Hammond, 1917) and following the removal of luteinized ovaries in the rat (Selye, Collip and Thomson, 1933) suggested an inhibitory action of the secretion of the corpora lutea but injection of extract of the corpora lutea (Anselmino and Hoffmann, 1936) and progesterone (Folley and Kon, 1937a) in lactating rats failed to inhibit established lactation. The report of Parkes and Bellerby (1927) demonstrated an inhibitory action of estrogens on established lactation in the rat with intact ovaries. Folley and Kon (1937b), Edelmann and Gaunt (1941) and Barsantini and Masson (1947) have shown that inhibition of established lactation by estrogens is more effe...
Projective reconstruction and invariants from multiple images

This correspondence investigates projective reconstruction of geometric configurations seen in two or more perspective views, and the computation of projective invariants of these configurations from their images. A basic tool in this investigation is the fundamental matrix that describes the epipolar correspondence between image pairs. It is proven that once the epipolar geometry is known, the configurations of many geometric structures (for instance sets of points or lines) are determined up to a collineation of projective 3-space /spl Pscrsup 3/ by their projection in two independent images. This theorem is the key to a method for the computation of invariants of the geometry. Invariants of six points in /spl Pscrsup 3/ and of four lines in /spl Pscrsup 3/ are defined and discussed. An example with real images shows that they are effective in distinguishing different geometrical configurations. Since the fundamental matrix is a basic tool in the computation of these invariants, new methods of computing the fundamental matrix from seven-point correspondences in two images or six-point correspondences in three images are given. >
The Freedom of Information Act and Political Science Research

The answer is that the logic is not in the law itself, but in the kind of pressure put upon the bureaucracy to follow it. The Freedom of Information Act which became effective July 4, 1967 is not self enforcing. It depends upon the initiative and energy of those who want government information, giving them a tool with which to prod an unwilling bureaucracy. To date, this prodding has come principally from the press and interested business organizations; meaning that the information made available has been oriented toward the single news story, often an expose, or the isolated regulatory decision. This is certainly a valuable use of the Act but the pressure of interested citizens is not sufficient to force the government to make available the scope of information and indexing needed for scholarly research. The organized scholarly community, while traditionally supporting the principle of free access to government information, has made no systematic effort to either assess the newly available information or to pry loose information presently withheld.
PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE IMAGING OF SOFT TISSUE TUMORS

Cost-effective imaging evaluation of a suspected soft tissue tumor requires knowledge of all available imaging modalities, including indications for each and relative advantages and disadvantages. Imaging studies are useful in pre-treatment diagnostic evaluation, biopsy planning, and post-treatment evaluation for recurrence. Close communication between the orthopedic surgeon and radiologist is essential for appropriate management. This article will emphasize an approach to the imaging evaluation of a suspected soft tissue tumor.
The optimality of two prices: maximizing revenue in a stochastic communication system

This paper considers the problem of pricing and transmission scheduling for an access point (AP) in a wireless network, where the AP provides service to a set of mobile users. The goal of the AP is to maximize its own time-average profit. We first obtain the optimum time-average profit of the AP and prove the "Optimality of Two Prices" theorem. We then develop an online scheme that jointly solves the pricing and transmission scheduling problem in a dynamic environment. The scheme uses an admission price and a business decision as tools to regulate the incoming traffic and to maximize revenue. We show the scheme can achieve any average profit that is arbitrarily close to the optimum, with a tradeoff in average delay. This holds for general Markovian dynamics for channel and user state variation, and does not require a priori knowledge of the Markov model. The model and methodology developed in this paper are general and apply to other stochastic settings where a single party tries to maximize its time-average profit.
Evaluation of a cough-specific quality-of-life questionnaire

Study objective To psychometrically evaluate a cough-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (CQLQ) in adults. Design Prospective evaluation of CQLQ using three different cohorts of adult subjects with cough. Setting Academic tertiary-care ambulatory medical facilities. Participants One hundred fifty-four subjects complaining of chronic cough, 30 of acute cough, and 31 smokers with cough. Interventions Self-administration of the CQLQ in acute coughers, smokers, and chronic coughers before and after therapy. Measurements Psychometric analyses including factor analysis (FA), and assessments of reliability and validity. Results Acute and chronic cough data were subjected to FA, and the Cronbach α and interitem correlations were computed. FA of chronic and acute cough data (n = 184) revealed six subscales. The Cronbach α for the total CQLQ was 0.92, and it was 0.62 to 0.86 (mean, 0.76) for the six subscales. Interitem correlations for the total CQLQ ranged from −0.06 to 0.72, with a mean of 0.28. Test-retest reliability in 52 chronic coughers demonstrated nonsignificant changes with readministration of the questionnaire, and the intraclass correlation for total CQLQ was 0.89, and for the subscales the range was 0.75 to 0.93. Analysis of variance followed by tests of contrasts among all possible pairings of chronic coughers, acute coughers, and smokers showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) among the groups. Posttreatment cure scores were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.001) than pretreatment scores in 24 chronic coughers. Conclusions The 28-item CQLQ has dimensionality that is consistent with a cough-specific quality-of-life instrument. It is a valid and reliable method by which to assess the impact of cough on the quality of life of chronic and acute coughers, and the efficacy of cough therapies in chronic coughers.
Detecting commercial breaks in real TV programs based on audiovisual information

Detecting and extracting commercial breaks from a TV program is important for achieving efficient video storage and transmission. In this work , we approach this problem by utilizing both visual and audio information. Commercial breaks have several special characteristics such as a restricted temporal length, a high cut frequency, a high level of actions, delimiting black frames and silences, etc, which can be used for their separation from regular TV programs. A feature-based commercial break detection system is thus proposed to fulfill this task. We first perform a coarse-level detection of commercial breaks with pure visual information, since the high activity and the high cut frequency will somehow manifest themselves in the statistics of some measurable features. At the second step, we proceed to refine detected break boundaries by integrating audio clues. That is, there is always a short period of silence between commercial breaks and the TV program. Two audio features, i.e. the short- time energy and short-time average zero-crossing rate, are extracted for the silence detection purpose. At the last step, we return to the visual information domain again to achieve a frame-wise precision by locating the black frames. Extensive experiments show that by combining both visual and audio information, we can obtain accurate commercial break results.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Grouper: a proof-of-concept wearable wireless group coordinator

We introduce Grouper, a proof-of-concept wearable wireless group coordinator. Users wear modules each consisting of a microprocessor, a wireless radio, and various electronics to provide sensory cues to users. These sensory cues alert the users to pay attention to the leader of the group, thus augmenting a leader's ability to direct a group. Wearable devices have been used to observe social interactions but few have been used to coordinate a group of users.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Bandwidth Request Mechanisms in IEEE 802.16 Networks

The IEEE 802.16 standard is considered to be one of the most promising technologies. Bandwidth reservation is employed to provide quality of service (QoS)-guaranteeing services. A request/grant scheme is defined in the IEEE 802.16 standard. There are two types of bandwidth request (BR) mechanisms, i.e., unicast polling and contention resolution, which are defined in the standard. As specified, connections belonging to scheduling classes of extended real-time polling service, non-real-time polling service, and best effort have options to make BRs via both mechanisms, depending on the scheduling decision made by the base station (BS). However, most research assumes that only one of them is available and do not take both of them into account. A comprehensive study of both mechanisms is critical for the BS to make an appropriate decision for those connections to achieve better system performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze this issue. There are two major contributions presented in this paper. First, a comprehensive study of both BR mechanisms in terms of bandwidth utilization and delay is provided. Additionally, we propose two practical performance objectives: When the expected delay or target bandwidth utilization is given, how does the BS make a scheduling decision such that the performance of the other metric (either delay or bandwidth utilization) is optimized? As our second contribution, we proposed two scheduling algorithms to find the combination of both mechanisms to meet our objectives. The simulation results show that our scheduling algorithms can always help the BS make a scheduling decision to reach better system performance.
Biodistribution, dosimetry, metabolism and monkey PET studies of [18F]GBR 13119. Imaging the dopamine uptake system in vivo

Abstract The in vivo charactersitics of a new radiotracer, [ 18 F]GBR 13119, have been examined. Full body biodistribution in rats has been determined and the expected human dosimetry calculated. Pharmacological specificity of in vivo regional brain distribution in rats was examined. Blockage of specific binding was accomplished by dopamine reuptake inhibitors but no effect was observed for pretreatment with serotonin or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. Preliminary examination of rat blood shows the presence of radiolabeled metabolites, which can be rapidly identified using bonded-phase (Sep-Pak) chromatography. Finally, the striatum of living primates has been imaged using PET and i.v. administration of [ 18 F]GBR 13119. These results represent the intermediate steps in the development of [ 18 F]GBR 13119 as a radiotracer for the study of the dopamine uptake system in man.
Pervasive Internet Access by Vehicles through Satellite Receive-Only Terminals

Ubiquitous Internet connectivity is very important in present environment. A lot of research has been done to extend Internet connectivity to vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The biggest challenge to achieve this goal is the requirement of pervasive fully networked roadside infrastructure. This requirement is difficult to achieve especially during the initial deployment phase of vehicular networks and also in areas with scarce roadside infrastructure (such as along highways and in rural areas). This makes solutions that are solely dependent on roadside infrastructure impracticable to be implemented. Other solutions using cellular networks or symmetric satellite communication are either expensive or do not provide sufficient bandwidth. Further satellite communication suffers heavy losses in urban area and makes its use difficult in vehicular networks. We present a solution that complements the existing ones without requiring a fully networked roadside infrastructure. The solution uses satellite receive-only terminals and very few (widely spaced) roadside units to provide pervasive Internet connectivity. The solution is cost effective, incremental and practical. It can support TCP connection even when the uplink is interrupted for long durations of time. We present several different design options with varying degrees of error handling capabilities and different overheads and delays, which can be used according to the given environment.
VISOR: Schema-Based Scene Analysis With Structured Neural Networks

A novel approach to object recognition and scene analysis based on neural network representation of visual schemas is described. Given an input scene, the VISOR system focuses attention successively at each component, and the schema representations cooperate and compete to match the inputs. The schema hierarchy is learned from examples through unsupervised adaptation and reinforcement learning. VISOR learns that some objects are more important than others in identifying the scene, and that the importance of spatial relations varies depending on the scene. As the inputs differ increasingly from the schemas, VISOR's recognition process is remarkably robust, and automatically generates a measure of confidence in the analysis.
Mean velocities and Reynolds stress measurements around the valves in the Penn State LVAD

A laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) was used to measure two components of velocity at eight locations around the Bjork-Shiley monostrut artificial valves in a plexiglass model of the Penn State 70 cc electric left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The model was filled with a blood analog fluid which matched the kinematic viscosity of blood. The model was connected to a mock circulatory loop in order to generate physiologic conditions. Two hundred and fifty velocity realizations were obtained during six time windows in the regurgitant phase of the flow cycle. These data were then processed, and the mean velocities and Reynolds turbulent stresses were calculated. The results reveal that a significant regurgitant jet occurs in the minor orifice of both the mitral and aortic valves. The strength of the jet is large enough for hemolysis and blood damage to occur. >
Shortness of breath: COPD or CHF?

I enjoyed your article on patient description of breathlessness in heart failure [1]. You mentioned that breathlessness in congestive heart failure (CHF) is different from that in cancer, just as breathlessness in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is different from that in cancer. But you did not comment on how breathlessness in CHF is different from that of COPD. The purpose of this communication is to address this issue. When a patient complains of shortness of breath, the differential diagnosis is usually between COPD and CHF. Although this is usually not difficult (Table 1) [2], oftentimes the differentiation may not be straightforward. Therefore, I wish to make the following points:
Reflections of Cultural Values: A Content Analysis of Chinese Magazine Advertisements From 1982 and 1992

This article, through content analysing a total of 572 Chinese magazine advertisements from 1982 and 1992, identifies ‘modernity’, ‘technology’ and ‘quality’ as three predominant cultural values manifest in Chinese advertising over the past ten years. Although advertisements for imported products were found to be the pace-setter for these three dominant values, their ‘leadership’ is being challenged by advertisements for joint venture products.This study also gauges the value changes in Chinese advertising. Results indicate that while the values less frequently used in 1992 advertisements are utilitarian in nature and centring around product quality, the values increasing in their occurrences are more symbolic and suggestive of human emotions. The group of symbolic values consists of those from eastern as well as western culture.
United States v. George Tenet: A Federal Indictment for Torture

This article examines the criminal liability of George Tenet, who served as the Director of Central Intelligence during the early years in the War on Terror. Tenet was responsible for the development of the CIA’s Detention and Interrogation Program and the use of enhanced interrogation techniques. These techniques, which included waterboarding, beatings, stress positions, and sleep deprivation, caused severe physical and psychological harm to detainees. Tenet personally authorized the use of enhanced interrogation techniques on “high value” detainees who were held at CIA black sites. He also received detailed reports documenting the interrogation sessions. The article proposes a federal criminal indictment of Tenet based on the torture of four detainees: Abu Zubaydah, Khalid Shaykh Muhammad, Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri, and Ramzi Bin Al-Shibh. Tenet is charged with conspiracy to commit torture and four separate counts of torture under U.S. law. The indictment references evidence that appears in the December 2014 report by the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence regarding the CIA’s Detention and Interrogation Program and other declassified sources. Under the guise of enhanced interrogation techniques, Tenet subjected the detainees to horrific treatment. They were, in fact, tortured.
A GPU-accelerated physical layer for simulating wireless networks

In recent years, graphics processing units (GPUs) have been leveraged to speed-up massively parallel computations. Knowing the path loss between nodes in a wireless network is crucial in accurately simulating physical layer effects in wireless network simulators and emulators. Because path loss and interference calculations are often repeated for every transmitter and receiver pair, leveraging GPU computing to parallelize these calculations can lead to significant reduction in processing time. In this paper, we present an implementation of a high-fidelity GPU-accelerated PHY that calculates path loss and interference over time for every receiver/transmitter pair using realistically defined node antenna patterns. Performance results are compared against traditional CPU calculations and we demonstrate that by offloading parallel computations to the GPU, significant gains can be had for wireless network simulation and emulation. Additionally, GPU limitations and design considerations are presented to aid in future GPU-based wireless simulation implementations.
New Directions in Industrial Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides and their derivatives that are water soluble and produce a high viscosity at low concentrations are commonly called industrial gums. They have a large and growing role in both the food and non- food industry. Some twenty polysaccharides are collected, produced or modified to fill industrial requirements, but the pool of polymers keeps changing as it is modified by availability, application requirements and costs.
Controlling the Structural and Optical Properties of Ta3N5 Films through Nitridation Temperature and the Nature of the Ta Metal

The development of a reliable synthetic route to produce high performance Ta3N5 photoanodes has been complicated by the large number of synthetic parameters, notably nitridation conditions. A systematic study of nitridation from 850 °C–1000 °C reveals that, contrary to common knowledge, nitridation temperature has little effect on the quality of the Ta3N5 produced. Rather, it is the nature of the tantalum starting material and substrate that play a key role. Ta3N5 films synthesized by thermal oxidation and subsequent nitridation of Ta thin films on inert fused silica substrates exhibit identical structural and optical properties, regardless of preparation temperature. The optical spectra collected on these samples reveal clear, distinct features that give insight into the electronic band structure. Films grown in the same manner on Ta foils, however, reveal that textured Ta2N is formed at the Ta3N5/Ta interface even at low temperature, as shown by grazing incidence X-ray scattering. Ta3N5 on Ta foils is c...
Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in Hot Dogs by Surface Application of Freeze-Dried Bacteriocin-Containing Powders from Lactic Acid Bacteria

Six lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, Lactococcus lactis BFE 920, L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, L. lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 14365, Lactobacillus curvatus L442, Lact. curvatus LTH 1174, and Lact. bavaricus MN, were grown in cheddar cheese whey supplemented with complex nutrient sources. Cell-free culture supernatants were freeze-dried, and the resulting bacteriocin-containing powders were applied on the surface of hot dogs that were inoculated (~4 log cfu/hot dog) with a five-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail. Hot dogs were vacuum-sealed and stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks. L. monocytogenes was enumerated, using both tryptic soy agar (TSA) and oxford listeria agar (OXA), on day 0 and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks of the refrigerated storage. In hot dogs containing only the L. monocytogenes inoculum, L. monocytogenes counts increased from 4 up to 7 log cfu/hot dog. All samples containing freeze-dried bacteriocin-containing powders exhibited significantly lowered (P < 0.05) L. monocytogenes populations on the surface of hot dogs throughout the 4-week study except for bavaricin MN powder. Bacterial counts on hot dogs packed without any powder were statistically equal on day 0 when enumerated on OXA. Freeze-dried bacteriocin-containing powders from Lact. curvatus L442 and L. lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 14365 decreased L. monocytogenes populations on the surface of hot dogs by greater than 2 log cfu/hot dog throughout the 4-week study. For the powdered bacteriocin preparations from L. lactis BFE 920, L. lactis subsp. lactis ATCC 11454, and Lact. curvatus LTH 1174, L. monocytogenes populations were determined to be approximately 3-log cfu/hot dog after 4 weeks of storage.
Impact of Wind Generation on Dynamic Voltage Stability and Influence of the Point of Interconnection

In recent times there has been an increasing interest in wind power, particularly in areas like the New England region, which possesses abundant potential for developing wind generation. Dynamic voltage stability is one of the biggest concerns when conducting wind integration studies in a power grid. This paper presents an investigation of the voltage characteristics of an electric grid connected to wind generation and subject to fault conditions. A comparison of the dynamic voltage performance of synchronous machines and wind farms has been made while considering both type III and type IV wind turbines, as they are the dominant types in the market. In order to consider the typically remote location of wind farms, the present study also includes an analysis of the role that the point of interconnection of the wind farm plays in dynamic voltage performance. The IEEE 39-bus system is used as the case study to show our methodology.
Role of Aogula fault zone in oil and gas migration and accumulation in Daqing Placanticline and its west

Based on the study of the development and movement characteristics of Aogula fault zone,shale content is forecasted according to the characteristics of the fault zone and its lithology.The lateral sealing behavior of Aogula fault zone is evaluated for the main target formations such as q,y,n_1 and n_2. The result indicates that Aogula fault zone had served as a good lateral seal to oil and gas in q,y,n_1 and n_2.The study of the relationship of Aogula fault zone and source rock in Qijia—Gulong sag and the distribution of reservoirs shows that Aogula fault zone hindered oil and gas migration to the west of Qijia—Gulong sag in Daqing Placanticline and its west,thus formed oil and gas accumulation in the east of the fault zone;the diversion of oil and gas migration to the west of Qijia—Gulong sag made oil and gas distribute in strings to the west of Aogula fault.
The spatial distribution and dynamics of human rabies cases at the county level in Henan province

Objective To study the spatial distribution and dynamics of human rabies cases at the county level, in Henan province to provide scientific evidence for the development of control program on rabies. Methods Data of human rabies cases at the county level from 2004 to 2010 in Henan province were analyzed by Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution. Data calculation was conducted manually. Results According to the level of α =0.05 being set, there were three different results appeared: the first was fitted negative binomial distribution in 2004, 2005,2007 and 2009; the second was prioritized negative binomial distribution, but the poisson distribution could not be excluded in 2008 and 2010; the last one was fitted neither negative binomial distribution nor poisson distribution in 2006. By the clustering parameter k, the clustering degree at county level decreased from 2004 to 2008, then ascending in 2009 but descending again in 2010. The degree of clustering showed a positive correlation with the county mean cases in the prevalent counties (r=0.807,P=0.028). Conclusion As a whole,the distribution of human rabies at county level in Henan from 2004 to 2010 showed negative binomial distribution and presented the spatial clustering.However, the degree of clustering decreased in recent years and showed that the infection resource was possibly scattered more evenly at the county level. Key words: Human rabies; Spatial distribution; Dynamics changes
Richard Heinrich Rosenblatt (1930–2014)

Richard H. Rosenblatt, long-time member of ASIH and professor at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, passed away on 30 October 2014. During his more than five decades at Scripps, he produced 33 doctoral students and more than 90 ichthyological publications.
The Role of Distraction Effects on Weak-Tie Brand Extensions

Distraction occurs quite often when consumers do not engage in an effortful justification of a marketing message (e.g., product descriptions). It has been known that distraction affects negatively an individual’s ability to process a marketing message in a decision process and consumer attitude toward the decision task. However, growing evidence demonstrates that distracted consumers may make better decisions of complex tasks than those who fully focus on the tasks themselves (Lerouge 2009). That is, this research shows that distraction (vs. conscious thinking) can indeed help consumers evaluate weak-tie brand extensions more favorably. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Metabolism of Free Guanidine in Bacteria Is Regulated by a Widespread Riboswitch Class

The guanidyl moiety is a component of fundamental metabolites, including the amino acid arginine, the energy carrier creatine, and the nucleobase guanine. Curiously, reports regarding the importance of free guanidine in biology are sparse, and no biological receptors that specifically recognize this compound have been previously identified. We report that many members of the ykkC motif RNA, the longest unresolved riboswitch candidate, naturally sense and respond to guanidine. This RNA is found throughout much of the bacterial domain of life, where it commonly controls the expression of proteins annotated as urea carboxylases and multidrug efflux pumps. Our analyses reveal that these proteins likely function as guanidine carboxylases and guanidine transporters, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that bacteria are capable of endogenously producing guanidine. These and related findings demonstrate that free guanidine is a biologically relevant compound, and several gene families that can alleviate guanidine toxicity exist.
Bilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Bilateral (or four gland) exploration remains an important component of parathyroid surgery.
Modular Foldable Surfaces: a Novel Approach based on Spatial Mechanisms and Thin Shells

This paper investigates a set of novel techniques that lead to modular, deployable surface arrays which could be either flat or curved in their deployed shape. The two components of the proposed concepts are thin shells with smooth folds and spatial mechanisms with rolling hinges. Kinematics of the mechanism and motion of the shell has been shown to be fully compatible with each other during folding and unfolding. This basic module is then articulated to create multiple modular tessellations, which form a series of foldable surfaces. We further demonstrate that curvature could be introduced to the initially flat shells using bonded piezoceramic actuators. The techniques and concepts proposed in this paper could be valuable for the design of future deployable space-based telescope and other reflective arrays which require high shape precision with low storage area and volume.
The effects of confined core volume on the mechanical behavior of Al/a-Si core-shell nanostructures

Abstract The mechanical behavior of novel Al/a-Si core-shell nanostructures (CSNs) is studied using instrumented nanoindentation to investigate the role that the confined core volume plays on the mechanical response of these structures. The CSNs are fabricated from truncated hemispherical Al nanodots with 100, 200, and 300 nm base diameters, which are then conformably coated with a-Si. CSNs with the smallest core diameter, and therefore the smallest confined core volume, have a unique load-displacement behavior characterized by nearly complete recovery of deformation beyond the elastic limit, which is enabled by dislocation activities within the confined Al core. In conjunction with this deformation recovery, discontinuous indentation signatures known as “load-drops” and “load-jumps” are observed during loading and unloading, respectively. As the size of the confined core volume increases, these indentation signatures are suppressed and the deformation-resistant properties are reduced. Supporting molecular dynamics simulations show that a smaller core volume results in a larger back-stress developed in the core during indentation, which further correlates with improved dislocation removal from the core after unloading. This complementary experimental and modeling investigation provides insight into the mechanisms that contribute to the unique mechanical properties of Al/a-Si CSNs.
Gender and Sexual Labor Near the End of Life: Advanced Breast Cancer and Femininity Norms

AbstractFeminist researchers have highlighted the increased hyper- and heterosexualization of breast cancer by drawing attention to the gendered dimensions of disease. In a set of interviews with women diagnosed with metastatic disease, I examined how participants labored to fulfill feminine gender and sexual ideals. Two themes were explored: gender labor, which included feeling fat and unattractive, and sexual labor, which included managing partners' sexual demands and sexual pain. This study builds on emergent feminist critiques that challenge expectations for a woman to be a “sexy cancer patient” and highlights how gender and sexual ideals continue to affect women negatively, even when they are extremely ill.
Gender, technology, and narratives in DIY instructions

Recent scholarship about technical communication on Instructables.com has focused on the genre features of the website, as well as how different groups use the space as a site for non-organizational technical communication. This paper takes a quantitative approach to analyzing narrative features on the website, and maps where women participate on the website across different categories of technology. This paper suggests that narrative elements are common features of technical communication on the website with the exception of several genres. Furthermore, this paper affirms prior research that situates Instructables.com as representative of larger DIY "maker" communities, in which technical experts from academia, industry, and hobbyists engage in technical communication. It provides additional evidence that women are being excluded from such communities, and are most represented by their use of traditionally feminine-gendered technologies and techniques such as sewing, jewelry, and fashion.
Reflexive Mechanisms in Copulatory Behavior

Reflexive mechanisms involve some of the most basic considerations in the study of sexual behavior. In female mammals, exclusive of primates, the behavioral signs of receptivity often include spinal reflexes as do the important responses of erection and ejaculation in males of several mammalian species.* Studies of the temporal aspects of sexual activity, including sexual refractoriness, must take into account the role of basic reflexive mechanisms. Finally, the degree to which endogenous and exogenous gonadal steroids influence sexual reflexes of males and females is obviously important in understanding the total picture of hormonal control of sexual behavior.
Relationships Between Maneuver Time and Energy for Reaction Wheel Attitude Control

The dichotomy between minimum time and minimum effort is well known. Minimum-time solutions are synonymous with large effort, whereas minimum effort solutions imply large time horizons. Shortest-ti...
Umbilical Cord Ulcer

Linear ulceration of the umbilical cord surface over the umbilical blood vessels is a distinct pathological entity that occurs in fetuses with bowel atresia distal to the ampulla of Vater. The ulcers often cause fetal haemorrhage. Umbilical cord ulceration may rarely occur with prolonged exposure to thick meconium or from gastric mucosa in an omphalomesenteric remnant.
Promoting the Principles of Civility in NAKHE

ABSTRACTA number of studies have shown we are at an all-time low when it comes to civility, and when it comes to caring about each other and what others think of our actions. Students care much les...
Sound Matching: Capturing Reuse in the Primitive Elements of Language

Sound is a fundamental building block of language. In spite of this fact, it has not been exploited at any great depth for the automated study of intertextuality. In this chapter, frequently occurring sounds are introduced as features to detect a writer’s influence on others.
3D Printing and Characterization of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Methylcellulose for Biodegradable Support Structures

Abstract Additive manufacturing process based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) and material extrusion (ME) typically use thermoplastic materials like ABS, PLA, or nylon to fabricate parts layer-by-layer. In order to build a part successfully with complex features such as pores or holes or irregular shapes, the build part requires support structures to hold the deposited material and to prevent collapse of the finished parts before solidification. The support material acts as a sacrificial layer that should be easily removed later on by chemicals/enzymes, or broken by mechanical force. The present support materials used with FDM technology have challenges of poor dissolvability in chemical solution and difficulty to be removed from the finished part. In addition, these support materials are usually petroleum based which has a negative impact on the environment. The goal of the project is to identify a suitable biomaterial for support structures that will eliminate the challenges of poor dissolvability and toxic waste generated by the current material. This paper is focused on extrusion-based 3D printing process of thermoset biopolymers to fabricate support structures. In this study, three biodegradable cellulose derivatives, i.e. methylcellulose (MC) A4M, HPMC K4M, and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E4M, with different degree of substitution of hydroxyl group were used. We investigated the effect of concentrations (8, 10, and 12% w/v) of all three cellulose derivatives on the rheological properties for understanding their printability. The rheological analysis revealed that all hydrogels exhibit shear-thinning properties with relatively low yield stress. At the same concentration, the apparent viscosity of HPMC K4M tended to be higher than HPMC E4M, followed by MC A4M. Effects of printing parameters (extrusion rate, nozzle diameter, and printing speed) were optimized to obtain the desired three-dimensional structures. The sample of 12% MC A4M and 12% w/v HPMC K4M showed higher complex shear modulus than other materials, which indicated higher rigidity and shape retention capacity of the printed parts. The ideal material for extrusion during printing and least deformation after printing was also observed for 12% MC A4M, which indicated a relationship between rheological properties and printability. The water dissolution of the MC and HPMC hydrogels allowed easy removal of the support structures from the build material. Biopolymers like MC and HPMC, when 3D printed as a support material via ME processes, help in moving closer towards sustainable manufacturing.
Modeling CO 2 Electrolysis on Gadolinia Doped Ceria Porous Electrode Using a 1-D Macro-Homogenous Model and Linear and Non-Linear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

A 1-D semi-infinite macro-homogeneous diffusion model was used to describe the electrolysis of CO2 on 10% gadolinia doped ceria (GDC10) porous electrodes. Mathematical models of two rate determining steps, adsorption and dissociation, were devised and incorporated into the model. Based on these models, predicted non-linear electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (NLEIS) Nyquist plots were produced of the first, second, and third harmonics. There is clear differentiation between the predicted adsorption and dissociation Nyquist plots of the second and third order harmonic responses, but not first order, suggesting there is value in using NLEIS instead of solely electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze this system.
A Review of State Guidelines for Elective Orthopaedic Procedures During the COVID-19 Outbreak.

BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread cancellation of elective orthopaedic procedures. The guidance coming from multiple sources frequently has been difficult to assimilate as well as dynamic, with constantly changing standards. We seek to communicate the current guidelines published by each state, to discuss the impact of these guidelines on orthopaedic surgery, and to provide the general framework used to determine which procedures have been postponed at our institution. METHODS: An internet search was used to identify published state guidelines regarding the cancellation of elective procedures, with a publication cutoff of March 24, 2020, 5:00 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time. Data collected included the number of states providing guidance to cancel elective procedures and which states provided specific guidance in determining which procedures should continue being performed as well as to orthopaedic-specific guidance. RESULTS: Thirty states published guidance regarding the discontinuation of elective procedures, and 16 states provided a definition of "elective" procedures or specific guidance for determining which procedures should continue to be performed. Only 5 states provided guidelines specifically mentioning orthopaedic surgery; of those, 4 states explicitly allowed for trauma-related procedures and 4 states provided guidance against performing arthroplasty. Ten states provided guidelines allowing for the continuation of oncological procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Few states have published guidelines specific to orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak, leaving hospital systems and surgeons with the responsibility of balancing the benefits of surgery with the risks to public health.