cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the behavior of a class of patched plates during cooling

Abstract The behavior of patched beam-plates during uniform cooling is considered. A non-linear formulation is adopted and the problems of interest are solved analytically yielding exact results within the context of the mathematical model employed. Three non-dimensional parameters corresponding to (i) a loading parameter, (ii) a critical temperature and (iii) a critical membrane force, are seen to characterize the response of the composite structure. Stability is considered and critical behavior includes bifurcation and asymptotic buckling, non-trivial “groundstates”, and demarcation and transition in deflection direction. Extensive numerical simulations based on analytical solutions are performed. Results are presented for various loading and support conditions and structural parameters, and reveal a rich and complex behavior and the factors that control such behavior.
On a Kolmogorov-Smirnov type aligned test in linear regression

Abstract For testing the hypothesis that the two distributions differ only in regression lines, parallel or not, asymptotically distribution free test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov type based on certain aligned observations are proposed.
Functional interactions between biogenic amines, 3',5'-cyclic AMP and manganese.

THE similarities between the dysfunctions of Parkinsonism and chronic manganese poisoning have been noted earlier1,2. Evidence has recently suggested that subjects with either of these diseases could have diminished cerebral concentrations of dopamine: dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) has ameliorated Parkinsonians3 in whom diminution of striatal dopamine is an established fact4. The same amino-acid has lessened the rigidity of individuals with chronic manganism1,3, and so it is thought that in these cases, too, there must be a low concentration of dopamine in the brain: DOPA is an immediate precursor of dopamine.
Murine Model for Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Use of the cre/lox recombination system to create the first Knock-in OI mouse • 713

Murine Model for Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Use of the cre/lox recombination system to create the first Knock-in OI mouse • 713
Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations for the 2s-2p3/2 transition energies of uranium ions.

The 2{ital s}-2{ital p}{sub 3/2} transition energies in Li-like through F-like uraniums are calculated using the relativistic configuration-interaction method with {ital B}-spline basis functions. These calculations are based on the relativistic no-pair Hamiltonian, which includes both the Coulomb and retarded Breit interactions. Davidson{close_quote}s method [E. R. Davidson, J. Comput. Phys. {bold 17}, 87 (1975)] is employed to solve the eigenvalue problem for the lowest few eigenenergies and eigenfunctions. Quantum electrodynamic and mass polarization corrections are also calculated. Good agreement with experiment for all uranium ions is found. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Strategies for the Future.

This chapter revisits the partnerships described in this volume using the model outlined in Chapter One and introducing social and organizational capital as a largely ignored factor in the development and sustainability of partnerships.
Induction Therapy for Esophageal Cancer

Despite advances in treatment, long-term outcomes for esophageal cancer remain poor, with overall survival rates of between 15% and 35%. Poor long-term survival reflects locoregionally advanced disease or metastatic disease at presentation. Among patients undergoing surgical resection, 40% to 50% have stage III disease. Surgery alone results in poor locoregional control and poor long-term outcomes, with survival rates ranging from 10% to 30%. Induction therapy combining surgery with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy attempts to improve long-term survival in these patients. This article examines the merits of various modalities of induction therapy for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer.
Shear-Wave Velocity of Surficial Geologic Sediments in Northern California: Statistical Distributions and Depth Dependence

Shear-wave velocities of shallow surficial geologic units were measured at 210 sites in a 140-km 2 area in the greater Oakland, California, area near the margin of San Francisco Bay. Differences between average values of shear-wave velocity for each geologic unit computed by alternative approaches were in general smaller than the observed variability. Averages estimated by arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and slowness differed by 1 to 8%, while coefficients of variation ranged from 14 to 25%. With the exception of the younger Bay mud that underlies San Francisco Bay, velocities of the geologic units are approximately constant with depth. This suggests that shear-wave velocities measured at different depths in these surficial geologic units do not need to be normalized to account for overburden stress in order to compute average values. The depth dependence of the velocity of the younger Bay mud most likely is caused by consolidation. Velocities of each geologic unit are consistent with a normal statistical distribution. Average values increase with geologic age, as has been previously reported. Velocities below the water table are about 7% less than those above it. [DOI: 10.1193/1.1852561]
Relationships Among Udder Depth, Hip Height, Hip Width, and Daily Milk Production in Holstein Cows

Abstract Data from 1,195 lactations of 616 cows of University of Illinois Holstein herd were evaluated for heritabilities, phenotypic correlations, and genetic correlations among udder depth (from the cleft between the rear teats to the ground), hip height, hip width, and daily milk production. Heritabilities of all traits were moderate in first lactation suggesting that selection for single traits could be successful with positive intensities of selection. Expected response to selection for increased daily milk production of first lactation was .6kg milk per day. Correlated responses were .08cm, .19cm, and .25cm for udder depth, hip height, and hip width. Correlated response in udder depth less than correlated response in hip height implied body and udder capacity may increase. Expectation of selection for increased daily milk production of first lactation is taller and wider cows with udders further off the ground.
Renal disease in elderly patients

Like other organs in the body, the kidneys undergo age-associated anatomical, structural and physiological changes. Starting at 50 years of age, there is a 3-10% decline in kidney weight for each subsequent decade of life, with the loss of cortical mass greater than medullary mass. In fact, the number of glomeruli start to decrease progressively after age 40, and the number of sclerotic glomeruli increases, making the distinction between involutional and disease-related sclerosis unclear in some cases. The outer cortical glomeruli are, in general, more extensively involved than deeper glomeruli, but glomerular size does not change. In general, the loss of the glomerular mass is proportional to the loss of tubular mass, maintaining glomerulotubular balance. In addition to glomerular sclerosis, there is a gradual increase in interstitial fibrosis, and there is focal thickening of both glomerular and tubular basement membranes, probably due to the accumulation of type IV collagen.
High frequency measurement of dielectric thin films

A test vehicle was designed that enabled the measurement of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of thin dielectric films from 1 KHz to 40 GHz. The test vehicle consists of a metal-dielectric-metal parallel plate structure. The measurements were made with a LCR meter and a network analyzer. >
Fully 2'-modified oligonucleotide duplexes with improved in vitro potency and stability compared to unmodified small interfering RNA.

We have identified a small interfering RNA (siRNA) motif, consisting entirely of 2‘-O-methyl and 2‘-fluoro nucleotides, that displays enhanced plasma stability and increased in vitro potency. At one site, this motif showed remarkable >500-fold improvement in potency over the unmodified siRNA. This marks the first report of such a potent fully modified motif, which may represent a useful design for therapeutic oligonucleotides.
Intracellular redox status affects transplasma membrane electron transport in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells

Pulmonary arterial endothelial cells possess transplasma membrane electron transport (TPMET) systems that transfer intracellular reducing equivalents to extracellular electron acceptors. As one asp...
Three human RNA polymerase III-specific subunits form a subcomplex with a selective function in specific transcription initiation.

Transcription by RNA polymerase III involves recruitment of the polymerase by template-bound accessory factors, followed by initiation, elongation, and termination steps. An immunopurification approach has been used to demonstrate that human RNA Pol III is composed of 16 subunits, some of which are apparently modified in HeLa cells. Partial denaturing conditions and sucrose gradient sedimentation at high salt result in the dissociation of a subcomplex that includes hRPC32, hRPC39, and hRPC62. Cognate cDNAs were isolated and shown to encode three subunits that are specific to RNA Pol III and homologous to three yeast subunits. The human RNA Pol III core lacking the subcomplex functions in transcription elongation and termination following nonspecific initiation on a tailed template, but fails to show promoter-dependent transcription initiation in conjunction with accessory factors. The capability for specific transcription initiation can be restored either by the natural subcomplex or by a stable subcomplex composed of recombinant hRPC32, h RPC39, and hRPC62 polypeptides. One component (hRPC39) of this subcomplex interacts physically with both hTBP and hTFIIIB90, two subunits of human RNA Pol III transcription initiation factor IIIB. These data strongly suggest that the hRPC32-hRPC39-hRPC62 subcomplex directs RNA Pol III binding to the TFIIIB-DNA complex via the interactions between TFIIIB and hRPC39.
A Framework for Evaluation of Advanced Direct Load Control With Minimum Disruption

The advent of advanced sensor technology and the breakthroughs in telecommunication open up several new possibilities for demand-side management. More recently, there has been greater interest from utilities as well as system operators in utilizing load as a system resource through the application of new technologies. With the wider application of demand-side management, there is an increasing emphasis on control of loads with minimum disruption. This paper develops a new framework for designing as well as assessing such an advanced direct load control program with the objective of minimizing end-user discomfort and is formulated as an optimization problem. With a fairly general setup for demand-side management, a simulation-based framework is developed for the stochastic optimization problem. Next, using this framework, insights into the effect of different parameters and constraints in the model on load control are developed.
Electronic Pedagogical Practice: The Art and Science of Teaching and Learning On-Line.

The author’s experience in designing and teaching an introduction to educational psychology course on-line to 23 undergraduate education majors is discussed in this paper. Due to the curricular content of this course (i.e., the psychology of teaching and learning), critical issues about the similarities and differences of teaching and learning within traditional classrooms and electronic environments can be explored from two perspectives: the teacher’s and the students’. Personal experience, case study, student comments, course surveys and evaluations will be utilized to highlight the relationship between course curriculum and goals, pedagogy, and student learning in this paper.
Sclerosing Stromal Tumor of the Ovary: An Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Analysis with Histogenetic Considerations

Sclerosing stromal tumors are rare, benign ovarian neoplasms of unknown etiology and histogenesis. Three sclerosing stromal tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy and were compared to two thecomas and nonneo-plastic ovarian mesenchymal tissue. The sclerosing stromal tumors and thecomas were positive for muscle-specific actin; immunoreactivity was intense in the cellular areas of the sclerosing stromal tumors and focal in the thecomas. This antigen was expressed in nonneoplastic stroma predominantly in a perifollicular (theca external distribution. Two sclerosing stromal tumors and both thecomas were vimentin positive. Desmin was present in nonvascular cells in one of each tumor type. Expression of vimentin diffusely and of desmin focally was present in nonneoplastic cortical stroma and surrounding follicles. All specimens were nonreac-tive for cytokeratin. Electron microscopy supported differentiation toward smooth muscle in the sclerosing stromal tumors but not in the theco...
Horror Movies and the Cognitive Ecology of Primary Metaphors

Horror movies consistently reflect metaphorical associations between verticality and affect, as well as between brightness and affect. For example, bad events happen when movie characters are going downwards, or when lights go off. Monsters and villains emerge from below and from the darkness. And protagonists get lost and stuck in dark underground caves, dungeons, tunnels, mines, bunkers or sewers. Even movies that are primarily set above ground or in bright light have the most suspenseful scenes happening beneath the ground and in the dark. An analysis of several horror movies highlights the striking consistency with which the two metaphors “EVIL IS DOWN” and “EVIL IS DARK” are used within this genre. I will argue that these metaphors help in creating fear. Moreover, I will outline how cinematic manifestations of metaphor elaborate and extend metaphorical concepts and ultimately may have a formative role in keeping metaphors alive within a culture.
Magma Mixing as Illustrated by the 1959 Eruption, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii

The 1959 eruption of Kilauea volcano is unique among recent Kilauea summit eruptions (1952 to 1968) in at least two respects: (1) a large collapse of Kilauea summit accompanied the eruption, and (2) the erupted lavas show a complex variation in their bulk chemical composition. Both features suggest that the 1959 eruption was fed from a source different from that which fed other summit eruptions in this period. The variations in chemical composition can be interpreted in terms of mixing chromite-bearing olivine with variable proportions of two “end-member” magmas represented by the composition of samples of pumice erupted during the first phase of the eruption. Mixing calculations show that the MgO content of olivine varies with the MgO content of the lava and thus with olivine percentage in the same manner as previously determined by Richter and Murata (1966) from petrographic study of hand samples. The calculations also show that the proportion of the two end-member magma types varies throughout the eruption. These results suggest that the eruption was fed from two separate magma batches, each of which was held in a reservoir with an olivine-poor top and olivine accumulation toward the bottom. There is also evidence that the two end-member magmas may be related by redistribution of clinopyroxene in a third hypothetical magma. The complex pre-eruption history implied by the chemical data is at present not satisfactorily explained by any physical model of fractionation, storage, and mixing that can be inferred from data on other well-studied Kilauea eruptions. The average MgO content (15.5 percent) of the 1959 eruption is estimated to be in minimum MgO content of magma produced by partial melting in the mantle beneath Kilauea.
Child and adolescent psychopathy: like a painting by Monet

This review paper discusses the construct of child and adolescent psychopathy and outlines controversy about the topic as well as some of the reasons that it might be developmentally appropriate. P...
Observation of non-exponential absorption of ultra-fast pulses in water

We observe non-exponential absorption as a function of path length for pulses propagating in pure water. Two types of pulses with differing time duration, bandwidth, and repetition rate were compared with simulated absorption predictions. Deviations from exponential behaviour occurred when the launched pulse had a temporal width of 60fs and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Under these conditions we observe more than 2 orders of magnitude less absorption after propagation through 6 m of water compared to Beer’s law prediction. No significant deviation was observed for launched pulses of varying bandwidth with temporal widths of 900fs and repetition rates of 80MHz.
Concentration Inequalities for the Missing Mass and for Histogram Rule Error

This paper gives distribution-free concentration inequalities for the missing mass and the error rate of histogram rules. Negative association methods can be used to reduce these concentration problems to concentration questions about independent sums. Although the sums are independent, they are highly heterogeneous. Such highly heterogeneous independent sums cannot be analyzed using standard concentration inequalities such as Hoeffding's inequality, the Angluin-Valiant bound, Bernstein's inequality, Bennett's inequality, or McDiarmid's theorem.
GOAP: A Generalized Orientation-Dependent, All-Atom Statistical Potential for Protein Structure Prediction

An accurate scoring function is a key component for successful protein structure prediction. To address this important unsolved problem, we develop a generalized orientation and distance-dependent all-atom statistical potential. The new statistical potential, generalized orientation-dependent all-atom potential (GOAP), depends on the relative orientation of the planes associated with each heavy atom in interacting pairs. GOAP is a generalization of previous orientation-dependent potentials that consider only representative atoms or blocks of side-chain or polar atoms. GOAP is decomposed into distance- and angle-dependent contributions. The DFIRE distance-scaled finite ideal gas reference state is employed for the distance-dependent component of GOAP. GOAP was tested on 11 commonly used decoy sets containing 278 targets, and recognized 226 native structures as best from the decoys, whereas DFIRE recognized 127 targets. The major improvement comes from decoy sets that have homology-modeled structures that are close to native (all within ∼4.0 A) or from the ROSETTA ab initio decoy set. For these two kinds of decoys, orientation-independent DFIRE or only side-chain orientation-dependent RWplus performed poorly. Although the OPUS-PSP block-based orientation-dependent, side-chain atom contact potential performs much better (recognizing 196 targets) than DFIRE, RWplus, and dDFIRE, it is still ∼15% worse than GOAP. Thus, GOAP is a promising advance in knowledge-based, all-atom statistical potentials. GOAP is available for download at http://cssb.biology.gatech.edu/GOAP.
The Scope and Limits of Preference Sovereignty

Economists use tastes as a source of information about personal welfare and judge the effects of policies upon preference satisfaction; neoclassical welfare economics is the analytical embodiment of this preference sovereignty norm. For an initial distribution of wealth, the welfare-maximizing outcome is the one that exhausts all possible gains from trade. Gains from trade are defined relative to fixed ordinal preferences. This analytical apparatus consists of both the Pareto principle, which implies that externality-free voluntary trades increase welfare, and applied costbenefit analysis, which attempts to weight costs and benefits when evaluating policies that are not Pareto improvements.
Cost-effectiveness of eszopiclone for the treatment of chronic insomnia.

Eszopiclone (Lunesta™) is the first hypnotic to receive US FDA approval for the long-term treatment of chronic insomnia. This novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic provides another option for patients with sleep disorders by inducing rapid-sleep onset and sleep maintenance. The drug is effective and well tolerated in adult patients with insomnia. Eszopiclone is more expensive than some other nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics (zaleplon, immediate release zolpidem) and benzodiazepine hypnotics, and much less expensive than controlled-release zolpidem. It is unclear whether or not the cost of eszopiclone will be offset owing to its side-effect profile and tolerability, since pharmacoeconomic studies are lacking.
What's wrong with behavior modification

Abstract This article considers some of the parameters, issues, and problems which must be evaluated and dealt with before and during the application of behavior modification techniques. As a practical guide it considers preconditions to setting up a behavior modification program as well as some of the most common process errors in the use of behavior modificaton. Among the topics discussed are: selecting the right teacher, training the teacher, reinforcing the teacher, ineffective or inappropriate reinforcement, the attitude of the school psychologist.
Oral Anticancer Drugs: How Limited Dosing Options and Dose Reductions May Affect Outcomes in Comparative Trials and Efficacy in Patients

Historically, cancer medicine has avoided the problem of unequal dosing by comparing maximum-tolerated doses of intravenous regimens with proportionate dose reductions for toxicity. However, in recent years, with the development of numerous oral anticancer agents, dosing options are arbitrarily and increasingly limited by the size of pills. We contend that an underappreciated consequence of pill size is unequal dosing in comparative clinical trials and that this can have an impact on outcomes. We discuss how comparative effectiveness trials can be unbalanced and how the use of doses that are not sustainable might affect outcomes, especially marginal ones. We further argue that because of their poor tolerability and their limited dosing options, which often result in large dose adjustments in response to toxicity, the real-world clinical effectiveness of oral anticancer agents may be diminished and may not emulate results achieved in registration trials.
Term identification methods for consumer health vocabulary development.

Background: The development of consumer health information applications such as health education websites has motivated the research on consumer health vocabulary (CHV). Term identification is a critical task in vocabulary development. Because of the heterogeneity and ambiguity of consumer expressions, term identification for CHV is more challenging than for professional health vocabularies. Objective: For the development of a CHV, we explored several term identification methods, including collaborative human review and automated term recognition methods. Methods: A set of criteria was established to ensure consistency in the collaborative review, which analyzed 1893 strings. Using the results from the human review, we tested two automated methods—C-value formula and a logistic regression model. Results: The study identified 753 consumer terms and found the logistic regression model to be highly effective for CHV term identification (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 95.5%). Conclusions: The collaborative human review and logistic regression methods were effective for identifying terms for CHV development.
Juvenile xanthogranuloma presenting as a testicular mass in infancy: a clinical and pathologic study of three cases

Juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXG) is a histiocytic disorder whose most common clinical presentation is a solitary cutaneous nodule in a child under 5 years of age, but it has come to be recognized that solitary extracutaneous lesions may present in a number of sites, including the soft tissues and various organs. Involvement of the genitourinary tract has been documented in children with multifocal or systemic JXG. The current report describes our experience with 3 cases of JXG presenting as a solitary mass in the testicle of infants between 2.5 and 13 months without manifestations of JXG elsewhere. The masses were intratesticular and had an infiltrative pattern of interstitial growth by mononuclear, histiocyte-like cells with replacement of seminiferous tubules and involvement of the epididymis whose pattern resembled leukemic and lymphomatous involvement of the testis. Because extracutaneous lesions of JXG may have few or no Touton giant cells, immunohistochemistry is an important adjunct to the histopathologic diagnosis. One of the previous 2 cases in the literature of JXG of the testis recurred after partial resection without an orchiectomy. Neither of the 2 youngest patients has experienced a local recurrence of JXG elsewhere in excess of 1 year since the original orchiectomy. The oldest patient, who was treated with partial orchiectomy, remains free of recurrence after 3 months of follow-up. Though uncommon, JXG joins several other distinctive neoplasms presenting in the infantile testis.
Special section: Dissemination: Transforming lives through transforming care

In the past decade, we have learned a great deal about recovery following traumatic events and the helpfulness of interventions for those with persistent trauma-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the extent to which this knowledge has transformed the way we intervene with those who experience traumatic events is limited. The focus on dissemination in this series of articles highlights the need of our field to spread widely the knowledge we have gained through years of systematic research and accumulated experience. This focus is intentionally broad. Dissemination, for example, includes translational research, bridging the gap between basic research and clinical practice toward developing new treatments or improving the treatments we provide. Dissemination also includes research that builds on efficacy questions such as, “Does it work?” to begin to address effectiveness questions such as, “What works for whom and under what circumstances does it work?” In addition, dissemination addresses questions with broad public
HABITAT ANALYSIS OF A RARE DRAGONFLY (WILLIAMSONIA LINTNERI) IN RHODE ISLAND

Williamsonia lintneri is a rare dragonfly species restricted to southern New England and some northern states. In 1999, I tested the hypothesis that upland development around wetlands reduces habitat suitability for W. lintneri through increased nutrient runoff. I examined 27 wetlands and analyzed water quality and depth data, the composition of aquatic invertebrate assemblages, and land use patterns. Sites where W. lintneri was present did not differ in water quality from sites where it was absent (i.e., null sites). However, W. lintneri sites had significantly deeper levels of water throughout the summer, were dry for shorter periods of time, and had significantly lower levels of development in the surrounding uplands than did null sites. These results suggest that both hydrologic cycle and upland development are important in limiting the local distribution of this species.
ADOLESCENTES NA ERA DIGITAL: OFICINAS DE ENSINO DE LÍNGUA ESPANHOLA PARA A INCLUSÃO SÓCIO LABORAL USANDO O MOODLE

Este trabalho propoe um projeto educativo de lingua espanhola mediado pelas TICs para fomentar a autoestima e a valorizacao da vida, com vistas a promocao do bem social de adolescentes e jovens fora do ambiente escolar. O projeto utiliza um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem desenvolvido na plataforma Moodle sob uma perspectiva que integra aprendizagem significativa e Cuidados Integrativos.
A Comparison of Optimized Stacked-Ply Flywheel Designs That Are Based on Different Failure Criteria

This paper presents some approaches to the optimal design of stacked-ply composite flywheels. The laminations of the disk are constructed such that the principal fiber direction is either tangential or radial. Here, optimization problems are formulated to maximize the energy density of the flywheel. This is accomplished by allowing arbitrary, continuous, variation of the orientation of the fibers in the radial plies. The paper compares designs based on minimizing cost functions related to the (i) the maximum stress, (ii) the maximum strain and (iii) the Tsai-Wu failure criteria. It is shown that the optimized designs provide an improvement in the flywheel energy density when compared to a standard stacked-ply design. The results also show that, for a given disk design, the estimate of the energy density can vary greatly depending on the failure criteria employed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Renal sodium handling under prolonged pentobarbital anesthesia.

Summary and ConclusionsThe influence of prolonged light surgical anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital on the renal tubular sodium reabsorptive ability was investigated in dogs initially given 50 cc per kg of isotonic saline by stomach tube. During time intervals averaging 5 hours, the tubules continued to reabsorb an average of 98.75% of the filtered load. The conclusion is reached that this anesthetic agent has a negligible effect on sodium reabsorption.
Analytical Approach to Biaxial Eccentricity

Action of eccentric loads and bending moments on constructional components composed of heterogeneous materials; special emphasis is placed on formulating techniques useful in determining position of neutral axis in sections subjected to axial loads combined with diagonal bending; methods and procedures applicable to reinforced concrete design and techniques for systematic solutions of biaxial eccentricity problems in reinforced concrete. (90 refs.)
Analysis on Technical Features for the First Exported Supercritical Boiler of 600 MW Unit

DG1827/25.4-Ⅱ 4 boiler made by Dongfang Boiler Factory is the first 600 MW boiler exported from China,installed in EREN power plant Zonguldak province,Turkey.It is our first successful bid for overseas supercritical thermal generating unit.Compared to other domestic 600 MW boilers,it is unique in terms of designing,and has many technical features worthy of studying.This paper analyzes the steam parameter selection for boiler,variable pressure design,spiral-wound water wall,built-in steamwater separator and combustion system features as well.
Concomitant use of nesiritide and milrinone in decompensated congestive heart failure.

Milrinone and nesiritide are vasoactive agents used for the treatment of acute and chronic decompensated congestive heart failure (CHF). Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor that has inotropic and vasodilatory properties and acts via a cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated pathway
Herpes simplex virus type 1 esophagitis in an immunocompetent adolescent.

Esophagitis caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been well described in immunocompromised or severely ill hosts. HSV esophagitis may occasionally occur as an acute, self-limited illness in immunocompetent patients (1–8). Acyclovir therapy has been used in few immunocompetent pediatric patients with HSV esophagitis. (6, 7). However, its efficacy in this setting is currently unknown. We herein present an immunocompetent adolescent with HSV esophagitis who had a dramatic response to acyclovir therapy.
General Threshold Model for Social Cascades: Analysis and Simulations

Social behaviors and choices spread through interactions and may lead to a cascading behavior. Understanding how such social cascades spread in a network is crucial for many applications ranging from viral marketing to political campaigns. The behavior of cascade depends crucially on the model of cascade or social influence and the topological structure of the social network. In this paper we study the general threshold model of cascades which are parameterized by a distribution over the natural numbers, in which the collective influence from infected neighbors, once beyond the threshold of an individual u, will trigger the infection of u. By varying the choice of the distribution, the general threshold model can model cascades with and without the submodular property. In fact, the general threshold model captures many previously studied cascade models as special cases, including the independent cascade model, the linear threshold model, and k-complex contagions. We provide both analytical and experimental results for how cascades from a general threshold model spread in a general growing network model, which contains preferential attachment models as special cases. We show that if we choose the initial seeds as the early arriving nodes, the contagion can spread to a good fraction of the network and this fraction crucially depends on the fixed points of a function derived only from the specified distribution. We also show, using a coauthorship network derived from DBLP databases and the Stanford web network, that our theoretical results can be used to predict the infection rate up to a decent degree of accuracy, while the configuration model does the job poorly.
The Human Pulmonary Circulation: Historical Introduction

The history of our gradual understanding of the pulmonary circulation is a fascinating topic, partly because it involves some of the key figures in the development of cardiopulmonary physiology, but also because various misconceptions continue to surface from time to time and are seen even today. Of course, the story has been told before and this account follows the same sequence as one of earlier assays. Naturally, a history like this covering such a vast area must be both derivative and selective, and I apologize in advance to any reader who feels that his contributions have been overlooked.
Effectiveness of Counter-Trafficking Response in Albania

Human trafficking is a new phenomenon of Albanian post-socialist society which significantly increased during the difficult years of its transformation from centralized state-led economy to market economy. Both economic and political instability contributed to its size, nature and multiple dynamics. Drawing on a rights-based approach to human trafficking, this paper examines the effectiveness of the counter-trafficking response of the Albanian government with a special emphasis on prevention, protection and prosecution. Using secondary data and reviewing various country strategic documents, it highlights a range of weaknesses and challenges which have hindered its effectiveness over years. It concludes that successful and effective counter-trafficking response requires well rounded and coordinated gender sensitive, victim-centred, holistic and human rights-based efforts. Combined with adequate law enforcement, they will sustainably tackle the full spectrum of this problem.
Functional Reach of Older Adults: Normative Reference Values Based on New and Published Data

Objectives To provide normative reference values for the standing functional reach test for older adults.
Infrastructure, Facilities and Vehicles

Mass transit has made quantum leaps through the years to get to where it is today, from the horse drawn carriage to the modern rail and bus service. Subway tunnels and elevated structures have infrastructure carrying track, electricity, signals, communication systems, lighting, and water. Support structures include substations, lighting, ventilation systems, and water pumping facilities. Stations and terminals are the entry points in the mass transit environments.
Physical downlink control channel for 5G new radio

New radio technologies for the fifth generation of wireless system have been extensively studied globally. Specifically, air interface protocols for 5G radio access network will be standardized in coming years by 3GPP. All basic physical layer functions for the new radio system are currently under active development in 3GPP. Due to its crucial function in scheduled system, physical layer control channel is a core element to enable all physical layer data transmission. In particular, search space allocation and transmission schemes are fundamental problems of control channel design. Both aspects have ultimate impacts on achievable control channel coverage, capacity and spectrum efficiency. As such, search space design and promising transmission schemes for control channels are thoroughly studied in this paper. Both distributed and localized search spaces are proposed to accommodate different means of control channel transmission depending on availability of channel state information at the base station. Furthermore, two types of transmit diversity schemes with different diversity orders are developed and compared by Monte-Carlo simulations. It is demonstrated from simulation results that SFBC based transmit diversity outperforms per-RE precoder cycling scheme. Moreover, high order transmit diversity schemes are also proposed and simulation results thereof exhibit clear performance benefits.
Intercalibration of AMSR2 NASA Team 2 Algorithm Sea Ice Concentrations With AMSR-E Slow Rotation Data

Sea ice estimates from AMSR2 are intercalibrated with AMSR-E fields through a two-step process. First, slow rotation 2 r/min AMSR-E data is used to derive regression equations from colocated pairs of AMSR2 and AMSR-E brightness temperatures (Tbs). The regression equations are used to modify AMSR2 Tbs into AMSR-E equivalent Tbs that are then input into the NASA Team 2 (NT2) sea ice concentration algorithm used for the AMSR-E standard products. The regressed Tbs result in changes in sea ice concentration of a few percent compared to using the original un-regressed AMSR2 Tbs. Next, sea ice estimates from the F17 SSMIS sensor are used as a bridge to compare AMSR-E total sea ice extent estimates in 2010 with AMSR2 total sea ice extent estimates in 2013. Based on this comparison, a further adjustment is made to a weather filter threshold used in the NT2 algorithm to minimize the total extent bias between AMSR2 and AMSR-E using a double-differencing approach. The adjustments reduced apparent bias with AMSR-E from ∼200 000 km2 for the original unmodified AMSR2 Tbs to –700 and 4700 km2 for the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. These differences are within the range of previous passive microwave sea ice intercalibrations. The adjusted AMSR2 sea ice fields provide a nearly 15-year time series of sea ice change; depending on the lifetime of AMSR2 and possible follow-on sensors, AMSR2 has the potential to be part of a multidecadal record of sea ice change.
Antibiotic Resistance Considerations of Importance to Clinical Dermatologists

Antibiotic resistance is a major health concern worldwide as the list of bacterial pathogens that are insensitive to available antibiotics continues to grow in both hospitals and outpatient communities. The slow development of newer antibiotics adds to the formidable challenge that clinicians face with treatment of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This article discusses important caveats related to antibiotic use in dermatology. These include understanding that both topical and oral antibiotics contribute to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria, that antibiotic monotherapy is to be avoided for treatment of acne vulgaris, that effective treatment of rosacea does not require the use of an antibiotic, that antibiotic therapy in the management of atopic dermatitis is best limited to treatment of an active clinical infection, and that routine post-operative use of a topical antibiotic is not suggested after most office-based dermatologic procedures. By following principles of antibiotic stewardship, dermatologists are major players in the battle against antibiotic resistance.
Relative incremental costs of complications of lobectomy for stage I non–small cell lung cancer

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relative incremental cost of complications after lobectomy for stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Patients treated with open or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy for stage I NSCLC between 2008 and 2014 were selected. A patient registry was queried for all complications recorded during a 90-day postoperative interval. Hospital cost data for each patient was concatenated with clinical data. Linear regression was used to assess the impact on direct hospital costs of specific complications. Results Among the 488 patients included in this study, 34% experienced ≥1 complication and 17% experienced ≥1 major complication. In patients experiencing complications, atrial arrhythmia (13%), prolonged air leak (8.6%), atelectasis (6.4%), and transfusion requirement (4.5%) were most common. Minor complications increased the relative cost of lobectomy by 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 23%-34%; P P P P P Conclusions Complications, both major and minor, contribute significantly to the total 90-day direct hospital cost of lobectomy for stage I NSCLC. Analysis of 90-day postoperative outcomes more accurately captures costs. Major pulmonary complications, atrial arrhythmia, pneumonia, and prolonged air leak represent 4 high-yield targets for cost reduction. Efforts to control health care spending while improving patient outcomes might optimally focus on reducing complications that incur the greatest relative incremental cost.
Neurohormones and temperament interact during infant development

The infant's psycho-physiological regulatory system begins to develop prenatally and continues to mature during the postnatal period. Temperament is a construct comprising tonic individual differences in dispositional physiological and behavioural reactions as well as an evolving ability to regulate to environmental conditions. Theoretical models and research have shown that neurohormonal and -physiological factors contribute to individual development and impact infant behaviours as well as the developing regulatory system. Moreover, prenatal maternal risks such as stress and depression are thought to programme fetal regulatory tendencies and that influences neural and behavioural functioning in infancy. The purpose of this review is to examine the theories and research that link infant temperament to neurohormonal and -physiological development in typically developing infants and in those exposed to environmental risk. Research has demonstrated associations between individual variation in physiological stress responses and regulation (measured with cortisol). Moreover, studies have noted an association with physiological regulation and socio-emotional interaction (as measured by the touch-oxytocin link) that may buffer emotional dysregulation. The interaction between individual differences in temperamental tendencies, neurohormonal and -physiological patterns will be discussed by presenting data from studies that have shown that infant neurohormonal and -physiological functioning sets an important trajectory for the development of the individual.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'.
Optimal Portfolio Rules

The classical portfolio theory goes back to Markowitz and his mean-variance portfolio theory. Portfolio theory based on stochastic control goes back to Merton’s classical paper in the early 70s [see, e.g., Ch. 5 of 46].
Multidrug Resistance Membrane Proteins

Multidrug resistance (MDR) membrane proteins are integral membrane proteins that extrude cytotoxic drugs from living cells. In mammalian cells, such proteins belong to the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter family and are implicated in the phenomenon of MDR, in which cancers treated with one drug in the course of chemotherapy will acquire resistance not only to that drug but also to a number of others that have not been used in treatment. MDR membrane proteins are polyspecific, meaning that they have very broad specificity while retaining conserved enzyme–substrate interactions. The most familiar example of such a protein is MDR1, which is also the best-understood MDR membrane protein, but some related ABC transporters can also confer resistance to multiple drugs and thus can be considered as MDR transporters. Moreover, similarly polyspecific toxin exporters are known in other families of membrane proteins, contributing to antibiotic resistance in microbial organisms.
The Two Faces of Aaron

I am white, Jewish, and Ivy League educated. The great majority (probably the entirety) of my students came from families where no one had any of these characteristics. I might have felt completely at ease doing my thing to the best of my ability, but I was a foreigner to the students. In this school, being new and being a foreigner were 2 strikes against me. Mr. Jackson was a veteran teacher at UHS whom I admired greatly. He was a Black man who clearly came across as strong and caring. He was recognized as a successful teacher by the staff and students. I was fortunate that Mr. Jackson was willing to help out a new teacher like me. He asked about how things were going and listened to what I had to say. He offered sensible advice and I was happy to listen. He also invited me to visit his class.
State-Space H ∞ Control Theory and the LQG Problem

Some of the recent developments in H ∞ control theory using a state-space approach are discussed. The close connections to the LQG problem are highlighted. Moreover a new proof of the necessary conditions for the solvability of the standard problem of H ∞, control theory is given.
Transgene delivery with a cationic lipid in the presence of amyloid beta (betaAP) peptide.

The ability of a cationic lipid to deliver plasmid DNA (pDNA) in presence of the neurotoxic fragment of amyloid β-peptide was evaluated. Pre-treatment of cells with βAP (25–35) peptide resulted in a modest increase in transgene expression. When βAP (25–35) peptide was mixed with the pDNA/liposome complex and used, the complexes lost their ability to transfect. However, the reverse sequenced βAP (35–25) peptide demonstrated no significant differences in transgene expression in pre-treated cells, and in cells where βAP (35–25) peptide was mixed with pDNA/liposome complexes and transfected. The amount of pDNA delivered to the cells was decreased in presence of βAP (25–35) as measured with flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled liposomes. The decreased endocytosis may be due to their rod-like structure formation as demonstrated by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These results demonstrate that βAP (25–35) peptide may interfere with gene delivery with cationic systems.
Pay Policy, Organization Strategy and Structure: A Question of “Fit”

The notion that pay policy should be related to or vary with an organization’s business strategy is grounded in the research and professional literature on pay. It implies that the better the “fit” between pay policy and organization characteristics such as business strategy, the higher the organization performance. The model in Figure 1 shows that the “fit” between policy on the design and administration of pay and overall organization strategy, design and administration influence organization performance.
Disrupting Colorblind Teacher Education in Computer Science.

ABSTRACTAs new efforts seek to expand computer science education across the globe, there has been a widespread effort to prepare school teachers for teaching computer science to culturally and raci...
Double Entendre Got Bodied: Strategic Ambivalence and Latinx Young Men Rappin’ under the White Gaze

I explore how two Latinx young men made use of rapping within a creative and healing afterschool hip hop space at a California Bay Area High School. I argue that they performed a calculated, strategic ambivalence. That is, just as they composed raps that made use of wordplay with double or more meanings, they constructed personhoods that quite literally embodied double or more meanings. They became the embodiment of double entendre, strategically performing, rapping and narrativizing personas that allowed them to synchronously survive the classroom and the 'hood, subverting the "White gaze" and the gaze of the streets.