cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions and modulated structures in ordered (Cu-Mn)3Al alloys

Abstract Quenched and aged alloys along the composition line Cu3Al-Cu2MnAl have been studied by electron diffraction and microscopy. Quenching produces an ordered solid solution based on the DO3 structure of Cu3Al and the L21 structure of Cu2MnAl. Below 350°C the alloys decompose inside a miscibility gap into a Cu2MnAl-rich phase and a Cu3Al-rich phase. The resulting microstructures possess all the metallographic characteristics of spinodal decomposition. The early stage of the decomposition is characterized by composition modulations having a range of wavevectors close to 〈100〉. The wavelength developes into resolvable values of 40–100 A and gradually increases with aging time. During coarsening, the symmetrical alloy develops a complex microstructure of 〈100〉 oriented rods having widely different wavelengths, whereas the Mn-rich asymmetrical alloys develop {100} oriented Cu3Al-rich plates. On coarsening the coherency strain (~2%) is generally relieved by the generation of 1 2 a 〈100〉 interfacial dislocations. Prior to the loss of coherency in the symmetrical alloy, the Cu3Al-rich phase possesses a tetragonal structure whereas the Cu2MnAl-rich phase has a cubic structure. After the loss of coherency, both phases are cubic. In the Al-rich asymmetrical alloy, the Cu2MnAl-rich phase heterogenously nucleates at 1 4 a 〈111〉 APB's. In the symmetrical alloy, the structure of the Cu3Al-rich particles varies with the decomposition temperature. At temperatures close to the miscibility gap, the structure of the particles is DO3. These DO3 particles are further modulated by a dense array of small regions having the L10 superstructure and exhibit tweed strain contrast. At lower temperatures, the particles are composed of a regular arrangement of twelve possible variants of the L10 phase. At all temperatures, the structure of the Cu2MnAl-rich phase is L21. During overaging of the symmetrical alloy at temperatures close to the miscibility gap, the Cu3Al-rich phase transforms to the γ phase having a composition near CugAl4. Thus it is suggested that for the symmetrical alloy the decomposition tie line is close to Cu9Al4-Cu2.2MnAl0.8.
Expression and evolution of members of the Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigote surface antigen multigene family

The trypomastigote specific surface antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi are encoded by a supergene family which includes the TSA family. The TSA family is characterized by the presence of a 27-bp tandem repeat array in the coding region. Here, we report the characterization and analysis of the three TSA family members in the Esmeraldo strain of the parasite. In this strain 2 distinct telomeric members are expressed abundantly as 3.7-kb mRNAs, while the remaining member is located at an internal chromosomal site and is expressed at less than 2% of the level seen for the telomeric members. Based on hybridization to DNA separated by PFGE, 3 chromosomes of sizes 1.8 Mb, 0.98 Mb, and 0.90 Mb each contain one of the telomeric members. In addition, the two smaller chromosomes also contain the single internal member. Since both chromosomes contain similar TSA family members, and vary only slightly in size, we suggest that they are homologues. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of the different members of the family show that the internal gene differs from the telomeric genes primarily in sequences found 3' of the repeat array. These comparisons also reveal that the three genes are analogous, supporting the hypothesis that short segments between the family members are exchanged by gene conversion events. We propose that similar conversion events between members of different gene families may generate some of the diversity found within the supergene family.
Bayes factors for genome‐wide association studies: comparison with P‐values

The Bayes factor is a summary measure that provides an alternative to the P-value for the ranking of associations, or the flagging of associations as "significant". We describe an approximate Bayes factor that is straightforward to use and is appropriate when sample sizes are large. We consider various choices of the prior on the effect size, including those that allow effect size to vary with the minor allele frequency (MAF) of the marker. An important contribution is the description of a specific prior that gives identical rankings between Bayes factors and P-values, providing a link between the two approaches, and allowing the implications of the use of P-values to be more easily understood. As a summary measure of noteworthiness P-values are difficult to calibrate since their interpretation depends on MAF and, crucially, on sample size. A consequence is that a consistent decision-making procedure using P-values requires a threshold for significance that reduces with sample size, contrary to common practice.
Spin observables and nuclear geometry

The new measurements of polarization P and spin rotation function Q in 500 MeV p- /sup 40/Ca elastic scattering require geometric differences among the various parts of the p-nucleus interaction. We present a general analytic formalism which defines these differences and shows how the new experiments can be interpreted as interferometric determinations of them.
The problem of market bias in modern capitalist economies

Modern societies are presently facing a number of challenging and often contentious issues regarding how to organize and govern a variety of activities that employ a substantial and growing fraction of their resources. In certain cases, to make market organization work satisfactorily will require strong and fine-grained regulation, and perhaps a number of other supplementary non-market elements. For other activities, it would be best to rely centrally on other basic organizational modes, with markets in an ancillary role. In these latter cases, too strong an adherence to a belief in the general efficacy of simple market organization can hinder the achievement of a satisfactory solution. The central purpose of this essay is to call attention to the complexity and variegation of the sectoral or activityspecific governing structures employed by modern capitalist economies, and to argue that such structures need to be tailored to the details of the activities involved. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Pteridines in the Fat Body of a Mutant of Drosophila melanogaster

A mutant, white-mottled orange, which deposits less than wild-type amounts of drosopterins in the eyes, has been found in Drosophila melanogaster. Variations in other pteridines were also observed. The mutant accumulates and later loses drosopterins in the abdominal fat body of adults.
The effect of deliberate vagueness on receiver recall and agreement

This study investigated the effects of deliberate vagueness and several interacting variables on the dependent variables of receiver recall and agreement. Results indicated that the quality of recall was significantly worse when disagreeable issues were vaguely stated instead of clearly staled, and vague messages produced more agreement than clearly stated messages. The results are discussed in terms of information processing theory as well as social judgment theory, and questions regarding the relationship between the cognitive and affective domain are investigated. Implications for the rhetorical use of deliberate vagueness are considered.
Mitosis: MCAK under the Aura of Aurora B

Two new studies show that phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase controls the centromere localization and catalytic activity of the microtubule depolymerase MCAK. Physical tension from microtubule attachment may influence access of MCAK to Aurora B kinase and its opposing phosphatases.
Cracks with surface charge in poled ferroelectrics

A solution is developed for a prismatic elliptical cavity inserted into an infinite, poled, ferroelectric body subjected to uniform mechanical and electrical loading at infinity consistent with planar fields. The surface of the cavity is also permitted to attract free charge in such a way that the electric field in the cavity remains uniform. The solution is used to develop the mechanical and electrical intensity factors at the tip of the crack obtained by allowing the minor axis of the ellipse to become very small. The energy release rate upon propagation of the crack is also derived. It is found that both the polarization of the ferroelectric and the free charge on the surface of the crack can have a very substantial effect on the magnitudes of both the intensity factors and the energy release rate. The reality of remanent polarization in common ferroelectrics means that it cannot be neglected in the fracture mechanics of such materials. Furthermore, it is likely that remanent polarization leads to free charge being attracted to crack surfaces, so consideration of the latter would also seem to be of importance in the fracture mechanics of ferroelectrics.
A New Type of Hexose Monophosphate Shunt in Chlorella sorokiniana: 14CO2 Release from Differentially Labeled Glucose

Using differentially labeled glucose as a substrate to probe the operation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (pentose cycle) in Chlorella sorokiniana , we found that the labeling patterns for the release of 14 CO 2 over the first 5 minutes are compatible with the operation of the recently described L-type pentose shunt. Experimentally, this L-type differs from the F-type or `textbook9 variety in that no radioactivity is obtained from C-2 labeled glucose, and the small amount derived from C-6 labeled glucose is due to a second pass of the glucose molecule (derived from the pentose cycle) through the pentose cycle.
Agronomic and quality characteristics of spring wheat lines selected for protein content and protein yield

High protein cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from eight foreign countries and the United States were used in crosses to provide progeny for a recurrent selection program. After two cycles of selection, 40 lines selected for protein yield and 16 lines selected fro protein percentage were evaluated with parents in yield nurseries at Bozeman, Montana. Lines selected for protein pereentage had the highest protein percentages, protein yields similar to the parents, and grain yields lower than the parents. Lines selected for protein yield had protein percentages intermediate between those of the parents and lines selected for protein percentage, but they had the highest protein yields and grain yields. Protein percentage and grain yield were negatively correlated and protein yield and grain yield were positively correlated for both groups of lines. The data tend to suggest that protein yield may a better selection criterion than protein percentage for plant breeders to use in improving protein productivity, although additional testing of this hypothesis is proposed. Milling and baking data showed transgressive improvement over the mean of the patents in many important quality aspects, indicating that good quality lines can be obtained from crosses involving poor to mediocre quality cultivars.
Endosymbiotic purple non-sulphur bacteria in an anaerobic ciliated protozoon

The marine ciliate Strombidium purpureum Kahl harbours endosymbiotic purple non-sulphur bacteria. The bacteria contain bacteriochlorophyll a and the carotenoid spirilloxanthin, and they have photosynthetic membranes and cell walls. The ciliates require light for survival and growth under anaerobic conditions; in the dark the cells prefer microaerobic conditions. The ciliates show a photosensory behaviour, and they accumulate in light at wave lenghts corresponding to the absorption spectrum of the symbionts. The findings are discussed in terms of theories on the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria.
Shift Work, Parenting Behaviors, and Children's Socioemotional Well-Being A Within-Family Study

Many U.S. employees with children work nonstandard hours, yet we know little about the linkages among maternal shift schedules, mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors, and children's socioemotional outcomes. In a sample of 55 dual-earner families with children age 8 to 14 years and mothers working day versus evening shifts, the authors found that mothers' work schedules are unrelated to their parenting behaviors. However, fathers whose wives work evenings (vs. days) spend more time with children, know more about children's activities, receive more disclosures from children, and have better parenting skills, variables that are inversely associated with children's internalizing, externalizing, and risk-taking behaviors.
A framework and tool supports for testing modularity of software design

Modularity is one of the most important properties of a software design, with significant impact on changeability and evolvability. However, a formalized and automated approach is lacking to test and verify software design models against their modularity properties, in particular, their ability to accommodate potential changes. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for testing design modularity. The software artifact under test is a software design. A test input is a potential change to the design. The test output is a modularity vector, which precisely captures quantitative capability extents of the design for accommodating the test input (the potential change). Both the design and the test input are represented as formal computable models to enable automatic testing. The modularity vector integrates the net option value analysis with well-known design principles. We have implemented the framework with tool supports and tested aspect-oriented and object-oriented design patterns in terms of their ability to accommodate sequences of possible changes. The results showed that previous informal, implementation-based analysis can be conducted by our framework automatically and quantitatively at the design level. This framework also opens the opportunities of applying testing techniques, such as coverage criteria, on software designs
LIPOSOMAL DAUNORUBICIN OVERCOMES DRUG RESISTANCE IN HUMAN BREAST, OVARIAN AND LUNG CARCINOMA CELLS

Multi-drug resistance due in part to membrane pumps such as P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a major clinical problem in human cancers. We tested the ability of liposomally-encapsulated daunorubicin (DR) to overcome resistance to this drug. A widely used breast carcinoma cell line originally selected for resistance in doxorubicin (MCF7ADR) was 4-fold resistant to DR compared to the parent MCF7 cells (IC50 79 nM vs. 20 nM). Ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were made resistant by retroviral transduction of MDR1 cDNA and selection in vinblastine. The resulting SKOV3MGP1 cells were 130-fold resistant to DR compared to parent cells (IC50 5700 nM vs. 44 nM). Small-cell lung carcinoma cells (H69VP) originally selected for resistance to etoposide were 6-fold resistant to DR compared to H69 parent cells (IC50 180 nM vs. 30 nM). In all three cases, encapsulation of DR in liposomes as Daunoxome (Gilead) did not change the IC50 of parent cells relative to free DR. However, liposomal DR overcame resistance in MCF7ADR breast carcinoma cells (IC50 20 nM), SKOV3MGP1 ovarian carcinoma cells (IC50 237 nM) and H69VP small-cell lung carcinoma cells (IC50 27 nM). Empty liposomes did not affect the IC50 for free DR in the three resistant cell lines, nor did empty liposomes affect the IC50 for other drugs that are part of the multi-drug resistance phenotype (etoposide, vincristine) in lung carcinoma cells. These data indicate the possible value of liposomal DR in overcoming Pgp-mediated drug resistance in human cancer.
Measuring Overall Architectural Quality A Component of Building Evaluation

Using data from a post-occupancy evaluation of an award-winning federal office building, asthetic or architectural quality and the factors associated with it are considered. Various measures of quality are derived from responses to questionnaires administered to three user groups: the office workers, public visitors, and the community at large. Findings show that, on average, the public is likely to agree the building is worthy of its architectural awards. The office workers on the other hand, tend to rate the architectural quality of the building poorly. The analysis demonstrates that views on architectural quality are significantly related to the way workers assess the building as a place to work and the general ambience of their particular agency. Agency ambience is seen as having both asthetic components and functional components such as noise levels, temperature, and people movement. It is suggested that linkages exist in the minds of occupants between the quality of the workplace including its nonae...
Surface area generation and droplet size control using pulsed electric fields

Afin d'obtenir une aire interfaciale optimale donc un transfert de matiere optimal au cours de l'extraction par solvant; on soumet les gouttelettes a un champ electrique pulse de forte intensite. On reussit alors a stabiliser la taille des gouttes par le phenomene de rupture
Parallel Processing of DCT on GPU

The Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) is increasingly becoming an important alternative for many applications that requires real time parallel processing. More interestingly, digital image processing applications such as image compression are becoming closer than ever of being processed in real time. In this paper we explore the implementation of DCT on the GPUs. Our study indicates a clear superiority of the GPU as parallel processor for image compression using DCT over the CPU. Our study also indicates that the increase in image size has considerably slows the CPU while the GPU was not affected.
Human embryonic stem cells express an immunogenic nonhuman sialic acid

Human embryonic stem cells (HESC) can potentially generate every body cell type, making them excellent candidates for cell- and tissue-replacement therapies. HESC are typically cultured with animal-derived ‘serum replacements’ on mouse feeder layers. Both of these are sources of the nonhuman sialic acid Neu5Gc, against which many humans have circulating antibodies. Both HESC and derived embryoid bodies metabolically incorporate substantial amounts of Neu5Gc under standard conditions. Exposure to human sera with antibodies specific for Neu5Gc resulted in binding of immunoglobulin and deposition of complement, which would lead to cell killing in vivo. Levels of Neu5Gc on HESC and embryoid bodies dropped after culture in heat-inactivated antiNeu5Gc antibody–negative human serum, reducing binding of antibodies and complement from high-titer sera, while allowing maintenance of the undifferentiated state. Complete elimination of Neu5Gc would be likely to require using human serum with human feeder layers, ideally starting with fresh HESC that have never been exposed to animal products.
Stained Glass Makes the Ceiling Visible Organizational Opposition to Women in Congregational Leadership

While women represent the vast majority of participants in religious organizations in the United States, their participation in top leadership positions within Christian congregations remains remarkably low. In this article, the author uses the National Congregations Study to examine the situations that lead to this “stained glass ceiling” effect, prohibiting women from attaining top congregational leadership positions. The author also investigates similar barriers that exist at other levels of congregational leadership. The results suggest that while a queue-like process appears, the specifically religious nature of these organizations produces barriers that are quite different from the traditional glass ceiling conceptualization.
A convenient synthesis of 6-, 7-, and 8-membered cyclic phosphodiesters

1,3-, 1,4-, and 1,5-Alkanediols are converted into the corresponding 6-, 7-, and 8- membered cyclic phosphodiesters in a two-step procedure utilizing N-(1,2-dimethylethylene-dioxyphosphoryl)imidazole (2 as the sole phosphorylating reagent.
A Practical Guide for Clinicians Who Treat Patients with Amiodarone: 2007

Amiodarone is commonly used to treat supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias in various inpatient and outpatient settings. Over- and under-use of amiodarone is common, and data regarding patterns of use are sparse and largely anecdotal. Because of adverse drug reactions, proper use is essential to deriving optimal benefits from the drug with the least risk. This guide updates an earlier version
Generalized Chandrasekhar algorithms: Time-varying models

The Riccati equation (RE) plays a fundamental role in optimal control theory, linear estimation, radiative transfer, neutron transport theory, etc. Its effective, numerical solution constitutes the integral prerequisite to the solution of important problems in the above and related fields. A computationally advantageous approach to the solution of matrix Re's is the so-called x-y or Chandrasekhar algorithm through which the matrix RE is replaced by two coupled differential equations of lesser dimensionality. These previous Chandrasekhar algorithms were, however, restricted to the case of time-invariant models. In this short paper, generalized x-y or Chandrasekhar algorithms are presented that are applicable to time-varying models as well as time-invariant ones. Backward and forward time differentiations are introduced that readily yield the generalized Chandrasekhar algorithms as well as provide several interesting interpretations of these results. Furthermore, the possible computational advantages, as well as the theoretical significance of the generalized Chandrasekhar algorithms are explored.
Double-resonance and optical-pumping experiments on electromagnetically confined, laser-cooled ions

Experiments illustrating advantages and unique features of double-resonance and optical pumping on electromagnetically confined, laser-cooled ions are discussed. In certain cases, scattered light from the cooling transition can be used as a monitor in double-resonance experiments to give nearly 100% detection efficiency. Nonradiative relaxation rates are extremely small for stored ions, permitting nearly complete optical pumping, even in extremely weak pumping schemes.
Male gender significantly increases risk of oxidative stress related congenital anomalies in the non-diabetic population

Objective. Oxidative stress (OS) is an important mechanism of teratogenesis. Recent work suggests increased OS in males. We evaluated whether male gender increased the risk of cyanotic congenital heart defects (CCHD) whose development is linked to OS and other common congenital anomalies (CA) in non-diabetic pregnancies.Methods. CDC-National Center for Health Statistics data for 19 states in 2006 were reviewed. CCHD, anencephaly, spina bifida, congenial diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), omphalocele, gastroschisis, limb defects, cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and isolated cleft palate were evaluated. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) were calculated for CA in males with females as the reference group.Results. Of 1,194, 581, cases analyzed after exclusions, 3037 (0.25%) had major CA. Males had elevated adjusted OR (95% CI) for CCHD: 1.198 (1.027, 1.397), CDH: 1.487 (1.078, 2.051), and CL/P: 1.431 (1.24, 1.651). There was a significant interaction between cigarette use and (male) fetal gender and al...
Dendritic cell–expanded, islet-specific CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells restore normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice

Most treatments that prevent autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice require intervention at early pathogenic stages, when insulitis is first developing. We tested whether dendritic cell (DC)–expanded, islet antigen–specific CD4+ CD25+ suppressor T cells could treat diabetes at later stages of disease, when most of the insulin-producing islet β cells had been destroyed by infiltrating lymphocytes. CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) from BDC2.5 T cell receptor transgenic mice were expanded with antigen-pulsed DCs and IL-2, and were then injected into NOD mice. A single dose of as few as 5 × 104 of these islet-specific T reg cells blocked diabetes development in prediabetic 13-wk-old NOD mice. The T reg cells also induced long-lasting reversal of hyperglycemia in 50% of mice in which overt diabetes had developed. Successfully treated diabetic mice had similar responses to glucose challenge compared with nondiabetic NOD mice. The successfully treated mice retained diabetogenic T cells, but also had substantially increased Foxp3+ cells in draining pancreatic lymph nodes. However, these Foxp3+ cells were derived from the recipient mice and not the injected T reg cells, suggesting a role for endogenous T reg cells in maintaining tolerance after treatment. Therefore, inoculation of DC-expanded, antigen-specific suppressor T cells has considerable efficacy in ameliorating ongoing diabetes in NOD mice.
Analysis of Z-invariant and Z-variant semiconductor rib waveguides by explicit finite difference beam propagation method with nonuniform mesh configuration

An efficient and simple explicit finite difference beam propagation method (EFD-BPM) incorporating nonuniform mesh is described. The criteria for stability are developed, and it is shown that this algorithm is power conserving when the stability criteria are met. EFD-BPM is applied to the analysis of single and coupled semiconductor rib waveguides and its accuracy is confirmed by comparing the results with the reported results. Nonuniform mesh is found to improve the efficiency of the method significantly for the analysis of weakly guiding waveguide structures. Several coupled rib waveguide structures with curved input and output branching sections are analyzed using both three-dimensional EFD-BPM and two-dimensional finite difference BPM combined with effective index approximation. >
Parameterization Schemes and Models for Estimating the Surface Radiation Budget

To understand the processes of air-sea interaction fully we must include the thermodynamic energy exchanges, as well as the transfer of kinetic energy. Jacobs (1942) said it as follows: “For every meteorological change in the atmosphere over the oceans there must be a corresponding change in the energy relationships between sea and atmosphere. Thus, it would seem that any attempts toward a solution of long-period weather problems must be concerned with thermodynamics as well as dynamical factors.”
Noninvasive estimation of the instantaneous first derivative of left ventricular pressure using continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography.

BACKGROUNDThe complete continuous-wave Doppler mitral regurgitant velocity curve should allow reconstruction of the ventriculoatrial (VA) pressure gradient from mitral valve closure to opening, including left ventricular (LV) isovolumic contraction, ejection, and isovolumic relaxation. Assuming that the left atrial pressure fluctuation is relatively minor in comparison with the corresponding LV pressure changes during systole, the first derivative of the Doppler-derived VA pressure gradient curve (Doppler dP/dt) might be used to estimate the LV dP/dt curve, previously measurable only at catheterization (catheter dP/dt).METHODS AND RESULTSThis hypothesis was examined in an in vivo mitral regurgitant model during 30 hemodynamic stages in eight dogs. Contractility and relaxation were altered by inotropic stimulation and hypothermia. The Doppler mitral regurgitant velocity spectrum was recorded along with simultaneously acquired micromanometer LV and left atrial pressures. The regurgitant velocity profiles we...
Drug Encapsulation and Aerodynamic Behavior of a Lipid Microtubule Aerosol

AbstractFibrous particles have unique aerodynamic characteristics that could be incorporated into improved aerosol therapy protocols. Lipid tubule microstructures were prepared by dissolving 1,2-bis(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DC8,9PC) in ethanol and diluting with water to form a 55% ethanol solution, after the method of Georger et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109:6169–6175, 1987). The resulting particles were straight tubular structures of helically wound lipid bilayer membranes, with circular cross section of outer diameter approximately 0.6 ± 0.1 μm. Tubule lengths were log-normally distributed with geometric mean 10.5 μm and s`g 1.48. Tubules were aerosolized directly from the suspension using a Collison nebulizer, and deposited on uncoated TEM grids mounted in a calibrated Stober spiral duct aerosol centrifuge. Lengths and diameters of deposited particles were sized from photomicrographs. Particles were seen to remain straight during aerosolization and collection, but may have under-...
Sales Tax Equity Again: By Age Groups and Income Classes

This paper investigates sales tax inequities from a new perspective: by house-Abstract hold heads' age groups and income classes. With income constant, spending variations exist due to family head's age, just as variations exist due to family size. This study examines effective rates (and composite burden indices) for three age groups over ten income classes, computed by applying food-exempt and food-taxed structures. There is evidence of vertical and horizontal ineguities for various age groups, though such inequities are reduced when food is exempt. An important policy implication is that food exemption (or tax credit) can mitigate both types of inequities for different age groups, an argument already well established concerning family sizes.
Looking at the Latin “Freak”: Audience Reception of John Leguizamo's Culturally Intimate Humor

In addition to his variegated acting roles, John Leguizamo has written and starred in four one-man Broadway plays to date. In these performances, Leguizamo engages in a great deal of Latino culturally intimate humor that targets the foibles and folkways of the New York City Latino culture he grew up in. In this paper, I perform content analyses of two of his one-man shows, Mambo Mouth and Freak, and then scrutinize the responses of 196 college students who watched the same performances. Latino respondents were more familiar with Leguizamo's work and expressed significantly more appreciation for Leguizamo's comedy than non-Latino respondents. They were also more likely to appreciate Leguizamo's representations of Latino life. In contradiction to my hypothesis, a very substantial majority of both Latino and non-Latino viewers thought that Leguizamo portrayed Latinos in a negative fashion. While Latino respondents were not as likely as non-Latinos to use harsh descriptives, the inability of respondents to see past the dominant cultural stereotypes of Latinos is attributed to the fact that Leguizamo exudes a working-class perspective, the overall lack of Latino visibility in popular culture, and the inherently problematic nature of culturally intimate humor.
The Transformation of Culture in Modern Forms of Organization on the Example of Virtual Organizations

purpose of this article is to present the challenges posed by the development of culture in virtual organizations and the identification of potential research directions in this area. We hope that the concepts of culture and related problems presented in this paper prove to be an inexhaustible potential for research on collective behavior patterns and their impact on the functioning of the modern organization.
Can the professor come out and play? Establishing critical gaming group for faculty

Purpose – This paper aims to describe a plan to establish a campus critical gaming group for faculty members to learn about contemporary videogames and how to use them in their classrooms. Design/methodology/approach – The plan is based on the principles of game-based learning, adapting classroom practice to teach faculty about video games. Findings – The group will meet for the first time in the academic year 2015-2016 with findings to be reported at the conclusion of the spring semester. Research limitations/implications – The desire is that this critical gaming group will become a model for other universities to adopt. Practical implications – As designed, the critical gaming group should be inexpensive to set up and maintain. Social implications – The critical gaming group should foster collegiality among faculty from different disciplines and colleges. Originality/value – A critical gaming group for faculty is a unique concept, not yet tested.
Investigation of Indirect Thermal Resistance/Conductance Measurements Utilizing Ultrasonic SHM Sensors

Researchers have been working on methods for truncating assembly, integration, and testing timelines for satellites without significantly reducing system reliability and incurring unacceptable mission risk. Structural Health Monitoring has been pursued as a means for validating workmanship, which is considered an area of high uncertainty. Embedded ultrasonic piezoelectric wafer active sensors have been utilized with local and global inspection capabilities and have shown promise in detecting structural changes that may occur during a build and test cycle, specifically focused on interface qualification. This paper will focus on investigations into the capability of the same sensors to indirectly quantify thermal resistance across an interface as a means to validate system thermal conductance without the need for thermal vacuum testing. Ultrasonic waveforms will be analyzed across simple joints for the detection of features related to the impedance of thermal transmission. Analysis will be conducted on the influence of atmosphere and the impact it has on ultrasonic impedance of guided waves through a solidsolid interface and compare the results with those known for thermal testing.
Ultracold Cs Rydberg Molecules

Cold Rydberg gases are interesting because the Rydberg atoms can interact at distances of 3-10 microns. We describe Rydberg atom interactions that lead to molecule formation where the internuclear separations are 3-7 microns.
Genetic analysis of the reproductive system of the true slime mold Comatricha lurida

An isolate of Comatricha lurida was analyzed genetically to determine the nature of its reproductive cycle. Ofthe 75 myxamoebal cultures isolated from a single mass-spore agarcultured sporophore, 33 formed plasmodia. Forty-two parental myxamoebal clones failed to produce plasmodia in serial subculture. However, plasmodia were produced when the clones were crossed in appropriate pairwise combinations, indicating this isolate possessed two mating alleles, A1 and A2, at one locus. The analysis of the Ft generation clones obtained from two parental crosses (A!l x A24, A40 x A219) showed them to be predominantly of the A1 mating-type. Further, F! generation analysis of one additional parental cross (A*6 x A22) produced similar results; however, nearly all of the F{ clones were of mating-type A2. The theoretical implications of these skewed F! mating-type ratios are discussed. A prelim? inary analysis ofthe F2 generation was begun by crossing 10 A1 Ft clones from crosses A11 x A24, A*10 x A219 and 5 A2 F, clones from cross A'6 x A22 in all possible pairwise com? binations. Plasmodia were produced only when clones of different mating-type were mixed, providing evidence that this isolate of C. lurida has a stable heterothallic life history.
Dynamic Interaction Between SCR and the Seabed

The interaction between a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) and seabed soil is extremely complicated, in which the supporting force of soil to the riser is nonlinear and time dependent, and soil absorbs the energy of the motion of a SCR near its Touch Down Zone (TDZ). The magnitude of soil stiffness is crucial to the fatigue life of a SCR and the damping of soil may play an important role in reducing the motion of a SCR near its TDZ. Therefore, it is important to allow for a realistic behavior of seabed soil in simulating the interactions between SCRs and the seabed and between a floating structure and its SCRs. Recent studies on the behavior of seabed soil in interacting with risers have resulted in more realistic P-y curves of the seabed soil, where P stands for the supporting force of soil and y for the vertical penetration of the riser with respect to the seabed surface. This study extends an existing finite element numerical code for dynamic analysis of mooring lines and risers, known as CABLE3D, to allow for the low boundary condition of a SCR at the seabed to be described by a P-y curve or an approximation of the P-y curve instead of simplified linear springs. The results of the extended CABLE3D can lead to a more accurate estimate of the fatigue life of a SCR.© 2007 ASME
Experience, Time, And Opportunity: An Exploratory Case Study Regarding The Artistic Journeys Of Middle School Adolescents And Their Perceptions Of The Influence Of Environmental Factors On The Development Of Their Visual Art Talent In Rural Montana Communities

Artistic talent is critical to offering creative contributions to society’s challenges and opportunities (in balance with technical, business, and other domains). Emphasis on art experiences and skills is missing in school programs, due to financial and accountability constraints, and encouraging prioritization on “core” subjects. Rural environments present particular challenges: while they are identified as fertile ground for developing a creative class, low population density makes it difficult to provide substantial support for in-depth exploratory, experiential creative endeavors. A crucial element of maintaining personal commitment to one’s talent area is support. While support from the family is essential, the value a community (which includes the school) places on any talent domain largely impacts the individual developmental trajectory for that talent—especially in teenagers. This study was conducted to explore the perceptions of individual talent among artistically gifted adolescents in rural communities in the U.S., and concluded that immediate and extended families provided adequate levels of support for the adolescents to remain committed to their talent and that a critical factor associated with school and community support is missing: the time necessary to devote to development of that talent.
Abstract C63: Elucidating the role of AIB1 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients do not benefit from directed therapy because these tumors do not express targetable molecules; such as, hormone or growth factor receptors (ER, PR and HER2). This subtype represents 15-20% of all breast cancer cases diagnosed in women in the United States. Higher incidence of TNBC affects, particularly, young African American women compared with other women. Clinically, TNBC patients often present an advanced stage disease. These tumors exhibit an increased inflammatory signal and an aggressive phenotype that leads to an increased frequency of metastasis. These patients have a poor survival outcome. Coincidentally, expression of the amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) oncogene has also been reported in higher grade, inflammatory and invasive breast cancer. AIB1 is a nuclear coactivator that regulates transcription of several genes through hormone and/or growth factor signaling. Here we demonstrate that cell lines derived from tumors in African American women representing different TNBC subtypes have varying degree of sensitive to AIB1 shRNA by lentiviral infection. AIB1 knockdown has a considerable effect on viability of all the TNBC subtypes; however, we observed the presence of a small fraction of cells that proliferate independent of AIB1. Interestingly, these cells that retain the AIB1 knockdown following sub-culture for 3-4 passages are comparable to the initial TNBC cells as regards to cell cycle and apoptosis. Intriguingly, these TNBC cells that proliferate independent of AIB1 show increase in the percentage of cells expressing CD44+/CD24- cell surface markers indicating a selection of tumor initiating cells. Concomitantly, there is a decrease in the percentage of CD44-/CD24- cells suggesting that AIB1 may regulate tumor initiating cell differentiation upon external stresses such as those caused by chemotherapeutic agents during treatment. We will further study the chemo sensitivity of TNBC cells resistant to AIB1 loss and assess whether these cells represent a model of cancer cell dormancy associated to recurrence in TNBC patients. Citation Format: Francisco R. Saenz, Anna T. Riegel. Elucidating the role of AIB1 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C63.
Introduction to Community Wayfinding

This introductory chapter sets the stage for the remainder of the book, defining key terms and reflecting on the historical and cultural aspects of human wayfinding and wayfaring. The authors highlight the importance of wayfinding, which is becoming more challenging in an increasingly urbanized and complex world that offers a plethora of choices. At the same time, communities invest in wayfinding infrastructure while individuals have ever more access to personal tools like smartphones that can facilitate wayfinding. The authors also describe the research and practice perspectives that contribute to an understanding of wayfinding and the barriers that currently impede a more integrated perspective. The chapter provides a conceptual framework to illuminate the interaction of wayfinding tasks with individual and environmental factors, as well as tools and technologies. It also articulates the potential benefits to individual and community health and vitality, calling attention to the heretofore largely unrecognized links between ease of wayfinding and public health outcomes, as well as other benefits to community livability and vitality. The introduction poses critical questions regarding the future of wayfinding research, practice, and policy, which are explored in depth in subsequent chapters.
Effects of Spatial Variability on Liquefaction-Induced Settlement and Lateral Spreading

AbstractNonlinear dynamic numerical simulations of infinite slopes are used to examine the effects of spatial variability in penetration resistances on liquefaction-induced settlement and lateral spreading for gently sloping ground and to develop guidance on selecting representative properties for uniform models. Simulation results for models having uniform properties (uniform models) are compared to results for models having spatially correlated Gaussian random field property distributions (stochastic models). Results are presented for sets of stochastic model realizations and a set of ground motions scaled to a range of peak ground accelerations. Computed responses and ground deformations (settlements and lateral displacements) for these uniform and stochastic models are used to identify representative properties (as a percentile of the stochastic distributions) for which the uniform models produce reasonable agreement with the median of the stochastic model responses. The effects of the scales of fluct...
Effect on molecular weight distributions of polyethylene after ion implantation

Discharges in dielectric materials are known to cause some, at least, of the failures observed during service. A major factor limiting the life of polyethylene cables, for example, is believed to be progressive deterioration due to discharges in gas-filled cavities. The characteristics of their development has been studied.1–3
Ballooning for Biologists: Mission Essentials for Flying Life Science Experiments to Near Space

Despite centuries of scientific balloon flights, only a handful of experiments have produced biologically-relevant results. Yet unlike orbital spaceflight, it is much faster and cheaper to conduct biology research with balloons, sending specimens to the near space environment of Earth’s stratosphere. Samples can be loaded the morning of a launch and sometimes returned to the laboratory within one day. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) flies large, unmanned scientific balloons from all over globe, with missions ranging from hours to weeks in duration. A payload in the middle portion of the stratosphere (~35 km above sea level) will be exposed to an environment similar to the surface of Mars: temperatures as cold as -100 °C, atmospheric pressure at a thin 0.9 kPa, relative humidity levels < 1%, and a harsh illumination of ultraviolet (UV) and cosmic radiation levels (about 100 W/m2 and 0.07 mGy/d, respectively) that can be obtained nowhere else on the surface of the Earth, including environmental chambers and particle accelerator facilities attempting to simulate space radiation effects. Considering operational advantages of ballooning and the fidelity of space-like stressors in the stratosphere, researchers in aerobiology, astrobiology, and space biology can benefit from balloon flight experiments as an intermediary step on the extraterrestrial continuum (ground, low Earth orbit, and deep space studies). Our review targets biologists with no background or experience in scientific ballooning. We will provide an overview of balloon operations, topics that can be uniquely addressed in the stratosphere, and a roadmap for developing payloads to fly with NASA.
Planar UWB monopole with improved pattern shape

This paper summarizes the simulated and measured performance of a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole with improved pattern shape at frequencies greater than 4:1. The presented monopole was designed for a ground penetrating radar that covers the frequency range of 0.3 to 2.0 GHz. The advantage of a planar monopole is that it can be more compact and low profile compared to other UWB antennas, although it will require a backing for broadside applications. However, most designs have significant gain variation due to it functioning as a traveling wave antenna which begins within the second octave of the monopole impedance bandwidth. The broadside gain of the presented monopole is improved over a 7:1 frequency range by reducing pattern tilt by combining a low and high frequency half circle element and additional geometric modifications.
Identifying Disruptions in Intrinsic Brain Dynamics due to Severe Brain Injury

Recent studies suggest that disruptions in resting state functional connectivity — a measure of stationary statistical association between brain regions — can be used as an objective marker of brain injury. However, fewer characterizations have examined the disruption of intrinsic brain dynamics after brain injury. Here, we examine this issue using electroencephalo-graphic (EEG) data from brain-injured patients, together with a control analysis wherein we quantify the effect of the injury on the ability of intrinsic event responses to traverse their respective state spaces. More specifically, the lability of intrinsically evoked brain activity was assessed by collapsing three sigma event responses in all channels of the obtained EEG signals into a low-dimensional space. The directional derivative of these responses was then used to assay the extent to which brain activity reaches low-variance subspaces. Our findings suggest that intrinsic dynamics extracted from resting state EEG signals can differentiate various levels of consciousness in severe cases of coma. More specifically the cost of moving from one state to another in the state-space trajectories of the underlying dynamics becomes lower as the level of consciousness of patients deteriorates.