cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cave-Obligate Biodiversity on the Campus of Sewanee: The University of the South, Franklin County, Tennessee

Abstract The southern Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee and Alabama has the greatest diversity of cave-obligate animals in the United States. The University of the South in Franklin County, TN is one of the largest private landholders on the southern Cumberland Plateau. Its 13,000-acre campus has more than 30 caves and is underlain by more than 14 km of horizontal passageways. We examined the biodiversity of cave animals on the campus at the species level and at the genetic level. Through a survey of seven caves on the campus, we identified 24 cave-obligate species, including two new county records. This total accounts for half of the cave-obligate species reported for Franklin County. For our genetic analysis, we selected six diverse taxa (two millipedes, a beetle, a fly, an aquatic isopod, and a spider) that were collected from multiple caves, and compared their mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences. Across the six taxa we found: (1) low genetic diversity within caves (mean nucleotide diversit...
The Good Professor

This paper seeks to provide a philosophical analysis of the features of an excellent professor, but a well-balanced one, professionally speaking. What makes for excellence in research, teaching and service is explored in some detail, with attention paid to the contexts of four-year colleges and comprehensive universities in the united states.
The Long-Response Function

The chapter explains the long response function. Let (α 1 , a 1 ) be attractive, and suppose that a 11 = p can vary parametrically. A change of p , occurring at time 0 , affects the general flow rate q for all t ≥ 0 . The long-response function, q = f(p,t) , says how: f(p,t) = Q(t)/Q o , the quotient of two quadratic forms in p . Its numerator, Q(t) = A(t)p 2 + B(t)p + C(t) , is different for different flow rates. Its denominator, Qo = DP 2 + Ep + 1 , which is positive-definite, is the same for all flow. Coefficients A(t), B(t), and C(t) are functions of t . Except for the two special cases, their analytical form is unknown unless the driver is specified. Two specifications are examined in the chapter. First, if the driver rate is constant, each of A (t), B(t), and C(t) is the sum of a constant multiple of e -γt and a constant. Second, if the driver rate has a sudden spike at time t o , the effect on the action rate wears off at a negative-exponential rate. The cumulative-response function, q = F(p,t) with F(p,O) = 0 , is the integral from 0 to t of the long-response function.
Latex Particle Morphology. The Role of Macromonomers as Compatibilizing Agents

Seeded emulsion polymerization is the most common preparation method for composite latexes. Unfortunately, this technique may generate particles with a variety of morphologies. The core-shell morphology, where a second polymer type totally covers the first-stage particle, is only an idealized representation based upon the sequential monomer addition. Transition morphologies, such as hemispherical particles, raspberry, sandwich, mushroom, and confetti-like structures, are frequently reported [1-3]. Design and control of latex particle morphology are often crucial to fulfill the end-use requirements for these materials.
Food acceptance and neophobia in children with phenylketonuria: a prospective controlled study.

Background In phenylketonuria (PKU), little is known about the effect of bitter-tasting phenylalanine-free l-amino acid exposure on taste preference development. The present prospective study aimed to determine the flavour preferences of children with PKU versus healthy control children. Methods Thirty-five children with PKU and 35 age/gender-matched controls, aged 4–13 years, tasted 10 blinded puree foods in random order. They were rated using a seven-point pictorial hedonic scale (super yummy to super yucky) and ranked in preferential order. Caregivers completed a neophobia and food frequency questionnaire on behalf of their children. Results Both PKU and control groups rated sweet foods higher than savoury, bitter and sour foods. However, control children ranked fruits as a group higher than PKU children (mean 3.7 versus 4.6; P = 0.03), whereas PKU children ranked vegetables as a group higher than controls (mean 5.6 versus 6.3; P = 0.05). Children with PKU had more neophobia and were untrusting/fearful of new foods. Conclusions Although there was some evidence to suggest that children with PKU aged ≥4 years prefer savoury foods (vegetables) more than control children, they did not prefer bitter-tasting foods, and so early and persistent administration of bitter-tasting l-amino acids was not associated with apparent taste imprinting. Neophobia appears to play significant part in food refusal in PKU, perhaps more so than taste preferences.
Magnetotransport properties of La 0.6 Pb 0.4 Mn O 3 − δ and Nd 0.6 ( Sr 0.7 Pb 0.3 ) 0.4 Mn O 3 − δ single crystals

Magnetotransport measurements of high-quality single crystals of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.6}{\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.4}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ and ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.6}{({\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.3})}_{0.4}\mathrm{Mn}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ show a close relationship between giant magnetoresistance and the ferromagnetic ordering transition in these materials. In contrast to results for thin film and polycrystalline materials, magnetoresistance of these single crystals vanishes as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$. A two-component polaron model provides a possible framework for the interpretation of the previously unexplained variation in the functional form of $\ensuremath{\rho}(H)$ above and below the Curie temperature.
A north American biodiversity hotspot gets richer: a new species of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) from the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States.

A new species of Dineutus Macleay, 1825 is described from the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States. Habitus and aedeagus images as well as illustrations of elytral apices, protarsus, palps, and male mesotarsal claws are provided for Dineutus shorti n. sp. and compared to those of D. discolor Aube, 1838. The importance of the southeastern Coastal Plain as a biodiversity hotspot and the potential conservation concern of D. shorti n. sp. also are discussed.
Categorizing IT Innovation by Extent of Change and Location of Impact: A Contextual Approach

This paper emphasizes the need to take the situational context into account when examining the success of IT innovation implementations. By combining Henderson and Clark's innovation extent of change continuum (incremental, architectural, and radical innovation) with a continuum based on the three organizational levels affected by the innovation (individual, work group and organizational level), important situational factors can be investigated. The Extent of Change/Locus of lnnovation Framework resulting from this combination can be used to characterize IT innovations in contextual terms and to assist in determining the causes for the success or failure of IT innovation implementations. This same framework can be used to analyze innovation contexts other than information technology innovations. Researchers can use both the extent of change and the locus of impact of the innovation to characterize and study IT innovations. The use of the relationship between extent of change and locus may permit researchers to concentrate on fewer variables or on different variables in studying IT innovation implementation.
Does fair play reduce concussions? A prospective, comparative analysis of competitive youth hockey tournaments.

Background/aim To determine if Boys Bantam and Peewee and Girls U14 sustain fewer concussions, head hits, ‘other injuries’ and penalties in hockey tournaments governed by intensified fair play (IFP) than non-intensified fair play (NIFP). Methods A prospective comparison of IFP, a behaviour modification programme that promotes sportsmanship, versus control (non-intensified, NIFP) effects on numbers of diagnosed concussions, head hits without diagnosed concussion (HHWDC), ‘other injuries’, number of penalties and fair play points (FPPs). 1514 players, ages 11–14 years, in 6 IFP (N=950) and 5 NIFP (N=564) tournaments were studied. Results Two diagnosed concussions, four HHWDC, and six ‘other injuries’ occurred in IFP tournaments compared to one concussion, eight HHWDC and five ‘other injuries’ in NIFP. There were significantly fewer HHWDC in IFP than NIFP (p=0.018). However, diagnosed concussions, ‘other injuries’, penalties and FPPs did not differ significantly between conditions. In IFP, a minority of teams forfeited the majority of FPPs. Most diagnosed concussions, HHWDC, and other injuries occurred to Bantam B players and usually in penalised teams that forfeited their FPPs. Conclusions In response to significant differences in HHWDC between IFP and NIFP tournaments, the following considerations are encouraged: mandatory implementation of fair play in regular season and tournaments, empowering tournament directors to not accept heavily penalised teams, and introducing ‘no body checking’ in Bantam.
Multiple granular-cell myoblastoma of the tongue: Report of a case

Abstract A case of multiple granular-cell myoblastoma of the tongue in a patient whose sister had a similar history has been reported.
The Use of Dimethyl Sulfoxide in Assessing Fertility in Turkey Eggs

Abstract Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and a nuclear stain are used in a rapid procedure to distinguish early embryonic mortality from true infertility in turkey eggs. The DMSO is used to make the vitelline membrane permeable and to aid in dissolving albumen covering the blastodisc region. Eggs incubated 24 hours are broken out and the bulk of the albumen removed. The yolk is placed in a petri dish and DMSO (0.5 ml.) is dripped slowly onto the blastodisc region. One minute later 0.1 ml. of the nuclear stain is placed on the blastodisc. The stain is rinsed after 30 seconds with either DMSO or 70% ethyl alcohol. When the stained blastodiscs are examined with a dissecting microscope, the lacunae are readily evident throughout the truly infertile blastodiscs. In contrast, no lacunae are present in obviously fertile eggs. Eggs in which lacunae are concentrated in the periphery of the blastodisc are considered to have been fertile, but one in which the embryo dies early in development.
Molecular mechanisms of serotonergic action of the HIV-1 antiretroviral efavirenz.

Efavirenz is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1, and the WHO guidelines list it as a component of the first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapies for treatment-naive patients. Though the pharmacological basis is unclear, efavirenz is commonly associated with a risk for neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) when taken at the prescribed dose. In many patients these NPAEs appear to subside after several weeks of treatment, though long-term studies show that in some patients the NPAEs persist. In a recent study focusing on the abuse potential of efavirenz, its receptor psychopharmacology was reported to include interactions with a number of established molecular targets for known drugs of abuse, and it displayed a prevailing behavioral profile in rodents resembling an LSD-like activity. In this report, we discovered interactions with additional serotonergic targets that may be associated with efavirenz-induced NPAEs. The most robust interactions were with 5-HT3A and 5-HT6 receptors, with more modest interactions noted for the 5-HT2B receptor and monoamine oxidase A. From a molecular mechanistic perspective, efavirenz acts as a 5-HT6 receptor inverse agonist of Gs-signaling, 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C antagonist of Gq-signaling, and a blocker of the 5-HT3A receptor currents. Efavirenz also completely or partially blocks agonist stimulation of the M1 and M3 muscarinic receptors, respectively. Schild analysis suggests that efavirenz competes for the same site on the 5-HT2A receptor as two known hallucinogenic partial agonists (±)-DOI and LSD. Prolonged exposure to efavirenz reduces 5-HT2A receptor density and responsiveness to 5-HT. Other ARVs such as zidovudine, nevirapine and emtricitabine did not share the same complex pharmacological profile as efavirenz, though some of them weakly interact with the 5-HT6 receptor or modestly block GABAA currents.
Simultaneous determination of 13 colorants in hair dyes by HPLC

Objective:To develop a HPLC method for determination of 13 colorants in hair dyes by high performance liquid chromatograpghy.Methods: After ultrasonic extraction with ethanol-water,samples were analyzed by HPLC.With 2.5 mmol/L PBS(pH=6.0)-acetonitrile as mobile phase in gradient elution with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and detection wavelength of 203 nm.Results: In a given concentration range,the peak areas and concentrations of colorants had good linear relationships.The average recoveries of the method were 96.2%~112.3% with relative standard deviations of 0.39%~9.87%(n=6).Conclusion: This method is suitable for simultaneous determination of 13 colorants in hair dyes.
Detection of disinfectants-resistant gene qacEΔ1 in total coliforms isolates from drinking water

Objective To investigate the disinfectants-resistant gene qacEΔ1 in total coliforms isolates from drinking water.Methods The disinfectants-resistant gene of qacEΔ1 was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and verified by DNA sequencing for 102 coliforms isolates from total coliform-positive drinking water samples of Shijiazhuang urban and rural areas between January and October,2012.Results The positive rates of qacEΔ1 gene in 22 strains of Escherichia coli,27 strains of Enterobacter cloacae,20 strains of Citrobacter spp.were 45.5%,7.4% and 10.0% respectively.But in 27 strains of Klebsiella spp.,6 strains of Enterobacter aerogenes and one standard control strain,the qacEΔ1 gene was not detected.Conclusion The total coliforms isolates from drinking water have carried disinfectansts-resistant gene.The higher carrying rate was found in E.coli.
Portable open-source source software tools

Many environments today offer "walk-up" computers for temporary use, for example a casual computing lab available to all students at a school. A growing topic of interest is the use of "portable" software which does not need to be installed on a computer but instead is provided on removable media. Using a program on more than one computer can impact licensing issues for commercial packages; open-source and freely available packages avoid these problems.
Invited - Context-aware energy-efficient communication for IoT sensor nodes

The widespread proliferation of sensor nodes in the era of Internet of Things (IoT) coupled with increasing sensor fidelity and data-acquisition modality is expected to generate 30+ Exabytes of data per month by 2020. In this data driven IoT world, wireless communication is a significant consumer of energy, and paying careful attention to the balance between local and remote computation is critical to overall energy usage. The communication fabrics that will handle this enormous amount of IoT workload will need to be energy-efficient under changing contexts such as channel conditions, applications, QoS, data-rate requirements etc. Moreover, the IoT devices will often include multiple parallel communication fabrics; e.g. wired, proximity, mm-wave, 5G etc. We will discuss how self-learning can enable context-aware operation in such communication systems to allow minimum energy/bit and energy/information for any given communication scenario. The need for context-aware operation within and among multiple physical layers (PHYs) in future IoT workloads will be highlighted. Such energy-efficient communication (Shannon's Law) along with low-power computing (Moore's Law), is expected to harness the true potential of the IoT revolution and produce dramatic societal impact.
Environmental Regulation and Regional Technical Innovation: Empirical Study Based on China Provincial Panel Data

Porter Hypothesis points that proper environmental regulation can promote technical innovation. In order to verify the applicability of Porter Hypothesis in China, this paper uses China provincial panel data from 1999 to 2007 to make empirical study on the relation between environmental regulation and technical innovation. The results reveal that the relation is significantly positive. When the degree of environmental regulation increases 1%, the number of invention patent and utility model patent increases 0.17% and 0.07% respectively. Based on the empirical results, this paper gives some suggestions from the angle of policy making of environmental regulation and technical innovation, increase of innovation input and acceleration of regional economic development.
How Can Brain Research Inform Academic Learning and Instruction

This paper explores the potential of neuroscience for improving educational practice by describing the perspective of educational psychology as a linking science; providing historical context showing educational psychology’s 100-year search for an educationally relevant neuroscience; offering a conceptual framework for the connections among neuroscience, cognitive science, educational psychology, and educational practice; and laying out a research agenda for the emerging field of educational neuroscience.
Primary cardiac angiosarcoma: a rare tumor

Angiosarcomas are malignant mesenchymal proliferations of endothelial elements characterized by rapidly proliferating extensively infiltrating anaplastic cells Well known sites of occurrence include the skin and post radiation breast tissue It is exceedingly rare to find angiosarcoma as a cardiac primary We present a case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma in a year old African American female presenting with sudden and dramatic large hemorrhagic pericardial effusion She had no known prior symptoms Cardiac MRI revealed a ten centimeter mass involving the right atrium right ventricle and encasing the right coronary artery as well as multiple lung nodules Via pericardial window biopsies were simultaneously obtained of the cardiac mass and of the lung nodules Tissue from the cardiac mass showed necrotic cells with noncontributory immunostains However tissue from the lung nodule showed viable tumor cells and confirmed primary cardiac angiosarcoma with pulmonary metastases Immunohistochemical stains on the pulmonary nodule tissue were positive for CD CD and vimentin and negative for AE AE cam TTF desmin OCT and CA This case highlights a sudden and dramatic presentation of rare primary cardiac angiosarcoma
A flexible organic inverter made from printable materials for synergistic ammonia sensing

Ammonia is a nearly ubiquitous environmental pollutant, and occupational or random exposure to sufficiently high levels is known to result in a variety of lung ailments. In this work, we present a flexible architecture for an ammonia inverter sensor consisting of a conductive plastic substrate, a bi-layer polymer dielectric, and patterned gold electrodes. n- and p-Type semiconductors (2,2′-[(2,5-dihexadecyl-3,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-diylidene)dithiene-5,2-diyli-dene]dimalononitrile (DPPCN) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), respectively) were deposited on the inverter in specific quantities in order to ensure complementary, reverse responses in the presence of ammonia gas. Our sensor shows a sensitivity down to 0.5 ppm ammonia, and has good stability in the presence of other vapors. The sturdy structure and easily understood transduction mechanism of this sensor make it potentially very useful for point-of-care sensing.
Spatial Correlation Models as Applied to Evolutionary Biology

One of the keys to comparative analyses in evolutionary biology is the ability to model phylogenetic influence on trait variation among related taxa. In recent years spatial autocorrelation models have become more popular in such analyses. In the context of evolutionary biology, spatially correlated is akin to “phylogenetically related”. We consider two of the current methods for “controlling” or “subtracting out” the effects due to phylogeny. The methods of interest are a mixed MANOVA model (Lynch, 1991, Evolution) and a spatial autocorrelation model with a fixed, known weight matrix (Ord, 1975, JASA). In the MANOVA model, the phylogeny is included via an n × n matrix of phylogenetic relationships, G, that is incorporated into the variance-covariance matrix of the random effects. In the univariate spatial autocorrelation model, the phylogenetic information enters into the analysis via a weight matrix W. We compare the two models using data on several morphometric traits among four populations of an amphipod, Gammarus minus. DNA sequence data is employed as the measure of relatedness. The models have been modified to allow for replicate observations in each trait and population combination. We show that these two models are substantively different in that the quantities remaining after subtraction do not contain the same information about the trait. The spatial autocorrelation model partitions the trait values into two components, P, the phylogenetic effect, and (S+E) the site-specific plus noise effects. Conversely, Lynch’s mixed model partitions the effects as (P+S), a “heritable” value, and E, the random noise. These differences have important implications for evolutionary comparative studies.
One-pot synthesis of vinylisoxazolidines from simple hydroxylamines and conjugated carbonyls

Abstract Herein is reported the highly chemo- and regioselective synthesis of 3-vinyl-4-formyl and 3-vinyl-5-formylisoxazolidines from enals, hydroxylamines and dipolarophiles under thermal conditions. The reaction works in high yields for a large array of substituted enals and a variety of dipolarophiles. The reaction provides the respective isoxazolidines with high chemoselectivity, stereospecificity and diastereoselectivity without significant purification. The substitution pattern on the dipolarophile directs the regioselectivity of the reaction to provide either 3,4- or 3,5-substituted isoxazolidine isomers. This method provides access to a wide variety of highly substituted, stereochemically dense isoxazolidine scaffolds from the selective reaction of the three proposed components.
Initiation and outcomes with Class Ic antiarrhythmic drug therapy.

Abstract Background Expert opinion recommends performing exercise testing with initiation of Class Ic antiarrhythmic medication. Objective To evaluate the rate and reason for discontinuation of Ic agent within the first year of follow up, with particular attention to rate of proarrhythmia and the value of routine treadmill testing. Methods This is a single center retrospective cohort study including consecutive patients with atrial arrhythmias who were initiated on a Class Ic agent from 2011 to 2016. Data was collated from chart review and pharmacy database. Results The study population included 300 patients (55% male, mean age 61; mean ejection fraction, 56%) started on flecainide (n = 153; 51%) and propafenone (n = 147; 49%). Drug initiation was completed while hospitalized on telemetry and the staff electrophysiologists directed dosing. There was one proarrhythmic event during initiation (0.3%). The primary reason for not being discharged on Ic agent was due to detection of proarrhythmia (n = 15) or ischemia (n = 1) with treadmill testing (5.3%). Exercise testing was the single significant variable to affect the decision to discontinue Ic drug, p Conclusions With proper screening, initiation of Class Ic agent is associated with very low rate of proarrhythmia. Treadmill testing is of incremental value and should be completed in all patients after loading Class Ic antiarrhythmic.
Effect of prior cancer on outcomes in early stage lung cancer: Implications for clinical trial eligibility and accrual.

6573Background: Early-stage lung cancer represents a key focus of numerous multicenter clinical trials, but stringent eligibility criteria may limit enrollment. We examined the impact of and ration...
Physical Performance and Vitamin D in Elderly Black Women-The PODA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Context There is limited information on the influence of vitamin D on physical performance in black Americans. Objective To determine if maintenance of serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L prevents a decline in physical performance. Design The Physical Performance, Osteoporosis and Vitamin D in African American Women (PODA) trial had a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-dummy design with two arms: one of which is placebo vitamin D3 adjusted to maintain serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L. Patients The target population was healthy elderly black women with serum 25(OH)D between 20 and 65 nmol/L. The trial was 3 years in duration with measurement of physical performance every 6 months: grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 10 chair rises, and 6-minute walk distance. A total of 260 women entered the study and 184 completed 3 years. Mean age was 68.2 years. Baseline 25(OH)D was 53 nmol/L; total SPPB was 11 (10 to 12). Setting Research center in an academic health center. Main outcomes measure Prevention of decline in physical performance measures. Intervention Participants were randomly assigned to placebo or active vitamin D. Vitamin D3 dose was adjusted to maintain serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L. Results There was a decline with time in grip strength and the 6-minute walk test. The SPBB increased with time. There were no substantial differences between the placebo and active vitamin D3 groups with respect to the temporal patterns observed for any of the performance measures. Conclusion There is no benefit of maintaining serum 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L in preventing the decline in physical performance in healthy black American women.
Age-related differences in the cutaneous vascular response to exogenous angiotensin II

Intradermal perfusion of successive doses of angiotensin II (ANG II) revealed a role for ANG II type II receptors and dose-dependent, ANG II-mediated vasodilation in young but not older adults. In ...
Expression Profiling of Inflammatory and Immunological Genes in Collagenous Colitis

Background Collagenous colitis [CC] is a common idiopathic cause of chronic watery diarrhoea. We investigated its pathogenesis by means of gene expression analysis. Methods We analysed the expression of genes implicated in immunological and inflammatory pathways in paired colonic biopsies of histologically involved and uninvolved mucosa from five patients with histologically patchy CC, in pooled colonic biopsies of eight other patients with diffuse CC, and in pooled biopsies of eight normal controls. Analyses were performed with the Nanostring nCounter system. Expression ratios were generated and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Results CC mucosa was characterized by enhanced expression of nitric oxide synthase 2; of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, but not transforming growth factor β1; of mediators of T-helper 1 immunity including interleukins 12A [IL12A], 12B, IL12 receptor B1 and interferon γ; of immune mediators of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B; and of multiple T cell cytokines and their receptors. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathway was unchanged. There were no increases in IL22, IL22RA2 or tumour necrosis factor α, which are reportedly elevated in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In four of five patients with patchy CC, similar gene expression profiles were observed in histologically involved and uninvolved mucosa. Conclusions CC is characterized by altered expression of a limited repertoire of genes involved in nitric oxide synthesis, extracellular matrix remodelling, T-helper 1 immunity and immune modulation. The abnormal gene expression in patchy CC may be expressed in mucosa with and without histological disease manifestations.
Red Carnivals: The Rebellious Body of Architectural Pedagogy

This article examines carnivalesque activities as rebellious architectural pedagogies at two rural venues in Central and Eastern Europe between 1969 and 1990 – the Czech architectural commune “Skol...
Ozonic acid and its ionic salts: ab initio probing of the O(4)(2)(-) dianion.

The pyramidal O42- dianion is valence isoelectronic to the well-known ClO3- and SO32- anions, and yet it has not been observed. The synthesis of any molecule containing such a dianion would represent a major breakthrough in making molecules containing more than three covalently bound oxygen atoms. We found that the parent H2O4 ozonic acid is unstable in the form of the valence isoelectronic sulfurous acid H2SO3. Our quantum chemical probing of the Li2O4 ionic salt molecule is inconclusive. However, we found that the specially designed FLi3O4 gas phase molecule is a true metastable species and could be considered as the first molecule containing the O42- dianion. Our theoretical prediction of the first compound containing the tetraatomic covalently bound O42- dianion opens the possibility to even more oxygen rich compounds, which will have a great potential as high density oxygen storage.
On the Research of the Personal and the Main Body under the Chinese Marxism in May 4th Period

This article discusses the relationship between the personal advanced intellectuals and the Chinese Marxism.In addition,it also analysis its charateristics,ideas and then know the growth condition and role. If the main body want to play active part in Chinese Marxism,you should overcome the limitations and go on the right direction.
Porcine Deltacoronavirus Infection and Transmission in Poultry, United States 1 .

Coronaviruses cause respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in diverse host species. Deltacoronaviruses (DCoVs) have been identified in various songbird species and in leopard cats in China. In 2009, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) was detected in fecal samples from pigs in Asia, but its etiologic role was not identified until 2014, when it caused major diarrhea outbreaks in swine in the United States. Studies have shown that PDCoV uses a conserved region of the aminopeptidase N protein to infect cell lines derived from multiple species, including humans, pigs, and chickens. Because PDCoV is a potential zoonotic pathogen, investigations of its prevalence in humans and its contribution to human disease continue. We report experimental PDCoV infection and subsequent transmission among poultry. In PDCoV-inoculated chicks and turkey poults, we observed diarrhea, persistent viral RNA titers from cloacal and tracheal samples, PDCoV-specific serum IgY antibody responses, and antigen-positive cells from intestines.
Digital Ventriloquism: Giving Voice to Everyday Objects

Smart speakers with voice agents are becoming increasingly common. However, the agent's voice always emanates from the device, even when that information is contextually and spatially relevant elsewhere. Digital Ventriloquism allows smart speakers to render sound onto everyday objects, such that it appears they are speaking and are interactive. This can be achieved without any modification of objects or the environment. For this, we used a highly directional pan-tilt ultrasonic array. By modulating a 40 kHz ultrasonic signal, we can emit sound that is inaudible "in flight" and demodulates to audible frequencies when impacting a surface through acoustic parametric interaction. This makes it appear as though the sound originates from an object and not the speaker. We ran a study in which we projected speech onto five objects in three environments, and found that participants were able to correctly identify the source object 92% of the time and correctly repeat the spoken message 100% of the time, demonstrating our digital ventriloquy is both directional and intelligible.
Spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric chemical condition in the Southeastern U.S.

Abstract Animal feeding operations (AFOs) are the largest ammonia (NH3) emission sources in the United States (U.S.). However, the impact of NH3 emissions from AFOs on the formation of secondary inorganic PM2.5 (iPM2.5) has not been well understood and systematically assessed. Under the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization (SEARCH) Network, the hourly concentrations of iPM2.5 chemical compositions and its precursor gases as well as meteorological data were measured at eight urban/nonurban sites labeled as JST/YRK, BHM/CTR, GFP/OAK, and PNS/OLF during 1998–2016. Using the SEARCH data, this research investigated the spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric chemical conditions in those rural and urban areas. The spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric chemical conditions at the eight sites are characterized by four parameters, including (1) gas ratio (GR), (2) gas-phase NH3 molar fraction (NH3/NHx), (3) total available NH3 (gaseous ammonia + aerosol ammonium) to sulfate (SO42−) molar ratio (TA/TS), and (4) PM2.5 ammonium + nitrate to total PM2.5 mass ratio (AN/PM2.5). Results indicate that the NH3 emissions from AFOs may explain the greater values of GR, NH3/NHx, and TA/TS in the wind directions coming from AFOs at YRK and OAK rural sites than the other wind directions. In the wind directions coming from AFOs at YRK and OAK, NH3 was in excess of fully neutralizing acidic gases, more NH3 stayed in gas phase than those in other wind directions, and both ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate existed in iPM2.5. The upward trend in NH3/NHx indicates that gas-particle partitioning ofNH3–NH4+shifted toward gas phase, while the downward trend in AN/PM2.5 may implicate that smaller fraction of PM2.5 was directly NH3 sensitive. Understanding of the spatiotemporal variations of atmospheric chemical condition provides insights to improve our understanding of iPM2.5 formation under rural and urban conditions, the reduction in sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions resulted in the reduction of iPM2.5 formation despite the increase in NH3 emissions in the Southeastern U.S.
Emophilia and other predictors of attraction to individuals with Dark Triad traits

Abstract The current research investigated the association between different relationship orientations (e.g., insecure attachment, sociosexuality, emophilia) and attraction to individuals high in different Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism). Although research has focused on general attraction to antisocial partners, less attention has been paid to traits that affect that attraction. One understudied construct in predicting relationship-relevant attraction is emophilia, which is the tendency to fall in love fast and often. Across two studies (N = 452), we found that emophilia had a strong and unique relationship with attraction to individuals high in dark personality traits. In Study 1, participants completed an assessment of the Dark Triad as they would want their “ideal romantic partner” to complete it. Participants in Study 2 rated the attractiveness of different dating profiles generated by people who varied in the Dark Triad. Participants in both studies filled out self-assessments of emophilia, sociosexuality, and attachment styles. Across both studies, people high in emophilia were the most attracted to any target, including targets high in the Dark Triad traits, even when controlling for other relationship-relevant traits. The findings have implications for relationship research, personality research, and potential risk factors for becoming involved with antisocial partners.
Nonparametric Density Estimation in Action

We have come to the end of a long road, and it is time to put nonparametric density estimation to work, in particular, the various procedures for smoothing parameter selection.
Education for sustainable development and ICT: The case of MDP program at al-Farabi KazNU

Many universities from around the world – including in Kazakhstan – work on incorporating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into educational programs and the educational process as part of developing a new approach in adapting curricular and entire educational modules to realities of the modern economy, green development and global cooperation on Agenda 2030. The SDGs provide a new framework for organizing the learning process in higher education and moving it closer to both labour market needs and green economy demands. There are different views and approaches in dealing with new SDG-related educational agendas. The purpose of this article is to analyses the changing approaches to organizing the educational process and incorporating the SDG agenda into curricula, using the example of Kazakhstan. First, it as-sesses the theoretical aspects of incorporating an SDG agenda into the educational process by looking at how the Theory of Change has affected the formulation of the concept of education for sustainable development. Second, it analyses the international experience in developing programs on education for sustainable development by looking at the MDP program, a pioneering program developed by Columbia University in collaboration with the MDP global network. Third, it presents as a case study the introduc-tion of the MDP Global Classroom Program at Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, and discusses a decade of the program’s functioning in Kazakhstan (2011–20). The conclusion summarizes the findings of this article and discusses some implications for education policies and practices. Key words: Education for sustainable development, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Theory of Change, Kazakhstan, Central Asia.
Factors predicting staging and treatment initiation for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: insurance a key predictor.

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection affects over 2.4 million Americans and accounts for 18 000 deaths per year. Treatment initiation in this population continues to be low even after introduction of highly effective and shorter duration direct-acting antivirals. This study assesses factors that influence key milestones in the HCV care continuum. METHODS Retrospective time-to-event analyses were performed to assess factors influencing liver fibrosis staging and treatment initiation among individuals confirmed with chronic HCV infection at University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System between 1 August 2015 and 24 October 2016 and followed through 28 January 2018. Cox regression models were utilized for multivariable analyses. RESULTS Individuals tested at the liver clinic (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19-3.46) and at the federally qualified health center (HR = 3.51; 95% CI: 2.19-5.64) had higher instantaneous probability of being staged compared with individuals tested at the emergency department (ED) or inpatient setting. And probability of treatment initiation increased with advancing liver fibrosis especially for Medicaid beneficiaries (HR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35-1.99). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates a need for improving access for patients with early stages of the disease in order to reduce HCV-related morbidity and mortality, especially those tested at nontraditional care locations such as the ED or the inpatient setting.
Blockchain-Enabled Next Generation Access Control

In the past two decades, longitudinal personal health record (LPHR) adoption rate has been low in the United States. Patients’ privacy and security concerns was the primary negative factor impacting LPHR adoption. Patients desire to control the privacy of their own LPHR in multiple information systems at various facilities. However, little is known how to model and construct a scalable and interoperable LPHR with patient-controlled privacy and confidentiality that preserves patients’ health information integrity and availability. Understanding this problem and proposing a practical solution are considered important to increase LPHR adoption rate and improve the efficiency as well as the quality of care. Even though having the state-of-the-art encryption methodologies being applied to patients’ data, without a set of secure access control policies being implemented, LPHR patient data privacy is not guaranteed due to insider threats. We proposed a definition of “secure LPHR” and argued LPHR is secure when the security and privacy requirements are fulfilled through adopting an access control security model. In searching for an access control model, we enhanced the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) next generation access control (NGAC) model by replacing the centralized access control policy database with a permissioned blockchain peer-to-peer database, which not only eases the race condition in NGAC, but also provides patient-managed access control policy update capability. We proposed a novel blockchain-enabled next generation access control (BeNGAC) model to protect security and privacy of LPHR. We sketched BeNGAC and LPHR architectures and identified limitations of the design.
Angel Investor Impact: Clues from the Shark Tank

This paper explores the investment impact and performance of a unique group of angel investors, those featured on the television show, Shark Tank. We explore the relationship between their individual characteristics such as their experience, reputation, and network with the performance of their investments. Our findings are counter-intuitive in that we find that many characteristics do not appear to impact performance as measured by survival and website traffic. Furthermore, we found that the Sharks do not have the ability to select outperforming companies on average. However, we found the reputational impact of Shark Tank as a venue is significant.
Formation of Stars and Planetary Systems

The number of stars in the Milky Way may be as high as a hundred billion. Yet we have only the most incomplete notions of how all these stars formed. Within the past decade, we have also become aware of the many planetary systems orbiting all these stars. Yet we are only just beginning to understand how our own system of planets condensed. In this chapter we examine the formation of stars and planetary systems, establish the mechanisms that appear to be at work, and describe ways in which further insight may be gained.
Signals indicative of metabolic change in circumventricular organs.

Publisher Summary Circumventricular organs (CVOs) were identified in 1958 as brain structures with similar specialized morphological characteristics and a common phylogenetic ancestry. Metabolism in CVOs is specialized, resembling that of both neural and endocrine systems. Cerebral tissue, under physiological conditions, utilizes only glucose as an energy source, with metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In contrast, endocrine organs can use a variety of circulating substances as substrates for their metabolic activity. Triglycerides and free fatty acids are used as well as glucose that can be metabolized through the hexosemonophosphate shunt. Using histochemistry, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the hexosemonophosphate shunt has been localized in high activity in CVOs and in magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. Using cytochemical techniques, in the rat brain the distribution of G6PD activity and of the Type I pathway for hydrogen utilization from NADPH in CVOs surrounding the third cerebroventricle and in the magnocellular system of neurons were examined. One hypothesis being tested was that, in the absence of a blood–brain barrier, a chemical barrier in the form of the mixed function oxidase system developed in CVOs to protect these brain regions from circulating substances that could be harmful.
Evaluation of blockage interference on propellers in a perforated-wall wind tunnel

A method for the evaluation of blockage interference for propeller models in a perforated-wall wind tunnel is presented. The correction procedure, based on a Fourier solution for the Dirichlet problem inside a cylindrical flow domain, uses boundary data obtained from pressure measurements along the wind-tunnel walls and a farfield representation of the propeller. The radial contraction of the slip stream is modeled by a sink, whose strength and location are evaluated from the measured thrust and power using axial momentum theory. An iterative procedure is developed for a compressible slip stream, using the Rankine-Froude theory as the first approximation. The equations describing the discontinuity of momentum and energy across the propeller disk are discussed and solved similarly to those describing a discontinuity across a normal shock.
Of Equal Wrongs and Half Rights

With a tiny handful of exceptions, common law jurisprudence is predicated on a "winner-take-all" principle: the plaintiff either gets the entire entitlement at issue or collects nothing at all. Cases that split an entitlement between the two parties are exceedingly rare. While there may be sound reasons for this all-or-nothing rule, we argue in this Article that the law should prefer equal division of an entitlement in a limited but important set of property, tort and contracts cases. The common element in such cases is a windfall, a gain or loss that occurs despite the fact that no ex ante effort to promote, prevent, or allocate it would be cost-justified or reasonable. We show that an equal division of disputed windfalls in these cases promotes both efficiency and fairness, and also has the virtue of clarifying some tortured legal doctrines.We also address and reject the standard objections to split-the-difference remedies. We demonstrate that using such remedies is unlikely to distort judicial incentives, and that it is likely to improve the integrity of the judicial system. Counterintuitively, we show that giving judges the option to order a compromise remedy in windfall disputes is likely to reduce judicial error, rather than to increase it, and that the valuation problems that attend the introduction of a split-the-difference rule are insignificant.
“Keeping Pets and (Not) Eating Animals in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close"

This article examines the role of animals, as well as of veganism, in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close, his second novel which deals with the lingering trauma of 9/11. Although Foer took some readers by surprise with his overt interest in animal issues and dietary ethics in his follow up to Extremely Loud – the nonfiction work Eating Animals – this essay demonstrates that some of the issues regarding food and animals that will so preoccupy Foer in Eating Animals are already on display in his earlier fiction. Additionally, this article demonstrates the ways in which Foer is interested in Extremely Loud with how traumatized people use animals both to alleviate feelings of guilt and alienation, and also as chauvinistic reminders of human exceptionalism that only further contribute to their painful feelings of isolation.
Border-Block Triangular Form and Conjunction Schedule in Image Computation

Conjunction scheduling in image computation consists of clustering the parts of a transition relation and ordering the clusters, so that the size of the BDDs for the intermediate results of image computation stay small. We present an approach based on the analysis and permutation of the dependence matrix of the transition relation. Our algorithm computes a bordered-block lower triangular form of the matrix that heuristically minimizes the active lifetime of variables, that is, the number of conjunctions in which the variables participate. The ordering procedure guides a clustering algorithm based on the affinity of the transition relation parts. The ordering procedure is then applied again to define the cluster conjunction schedule. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of the new algorithm.