cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Numerical Investigation of the Local Ocean Response to Westerly Wind Burst Forcing in the Western Equatorial Pacific

Numerical simulations of the local equatorial ocean response to idealized westerly wind burst (WWB) forcing are described. In particular, the authors examine the development and evolution of the subsurface westward jet (SSWJ) that has been observed to accompany these wind events. This westward current is interpreted as the signature of equatorial waves that accompany the downwelling and upwelling that occurs along the edges of the wind forcing region. Some important features of the SSWJ include maximum intensity toward the eastern edge of the forcing region, a time lag between the wind forcing and peak SSWJ development, and an eastward spreading of the SSWJ with time. The effect of wind burst zonal profile, magnitude, duration, and fetch on the SSWJ are explored. The response of an initially resting ocean to WWB forcing is compared with that for model oceans that are spun up with annual-mean surface fluxes and monthly varying fluxes. It is demonstrated that the gross features of the response for the spun up simulations can be well approximated by adding the background zonal current structure prior to the introduction of the wind burst to the initially resting ocean current response to the WWB. This result suggests that the zonal current structure that is present prior to the commencement of WWB forcing plays a key role in determining whether or not a SSWJ will develop.
Electronic excitation temperature profiles in an air microwave plasma torch

A 0.9- to 1.5-kW 2.45-GHz atmospheric pressure air microwave plasma torch has been operated efficiently with less than 1% reflected power. The plasma is sustained in a 28-mm internal diameter fused quartz tube, which penetrates perpendicularly through the wide walls of a tapered and shorted WR-284 (72/spl times/17-mm cross section) waveguide. A study has been made of the effects of power and airflow on the electronic excitation temperature, T/sub exc/. Abel inversion of radial profile chord averaged Fe I emission lines in the 370-377-nm range have been used to obtain localized profile measurements of T/sub exc/ inside the waveguide excitation region. In general, temperature profiles peak on axis with no evidence of a skin effect in the large diameter (10-mm full width at half maximum emission intensity) plasmas. A maximum central T/sub exc/ of 6550 K/spl plusmn/350 K is observed at an airflow rate of 28 Ipm. When maintaining a constant flow rate of 14 Ipm, a 55% increase in microwave power from 0.9 to 1.4 kW causes a /spl sim/100% increase in plasma volume without any noticeable effect on the central T/sub exc/ value. At a constant microwave power of 1.4 kW, an increase in total flow rate from 11 to 28 Ipm decreases the volume of the plasma by /spl sim/25% and increases the central T/sub exc/ by /spl sim/13%. The axially peaked temperature profiles are consistent with an electron density of /spl sim/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -3/.
Cardiovascular disease risk factor (CVDRF) associated waist circumference patterns in obese-prone children

Objectives. The present study tested whether children born at high risk (HR) compared with low risk (LR) for obesity are more likely to have a waist circumference (WC) associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRF-WC) and tested whether CVDRF-WC status tracks over time. Methods. This prospective cohort study involved 71 children, three to eight years, who were divided into two groups, LR (n = 37) and HR (n = 34), based upon maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). HR subjects were subdivided into HR normal-weight (HRNW) and HR overweight (HROW) groups, based on BMI ≥ 85%. Children were classified as having or not having a CVDRF-WC at each year, using age- and gender-specific WC cut-offs. Anthropometry was assessed annually. Results. Although HR children had a significantly greater mean WC than LR children at years 5–8 (p < 0.03), these differences became non-significant after adjusting for BMI. HROW were more likely to have a CVDRF-WC status (p ≤ 0.0001) at age 4 years (10%, 5%, vs. 58%),...
Animal metabolism of propham (isopropyl carbanilate): The fate of residues in alfalfa when consumed by the rat and sheep☆

Abstract Alfalfa was root-treated with [14C]propham (isopropyl carbanilate[14C-phenyl(U)]) for 7 days and then harvested and freeze-dried. Rats and sheep were orally given either 14C-labeled alfalfa roots ([14C]root) or 14C-labeled alfalfa shoots ([14C]shoot). When the [14C]root was given, 6.5–11.0% of the 14C was excreted in the urine and 84.6–89.4% was excreted in the feces within 96 h after treatment. Less than 3% of the 14C remained in the carcass (total body—gastrointestinal tract and contents) 96 h after treatment. When [14C]shoot was given, 53.2–55.2% of the 14C was excreted in the urine, 32.1–43.4% was excreted in the feces, and the carcass contained 0.2–1.1% of the 14C 96 h after treatment. When the insoluble fraction (not extracted by a mixture of CHCl3, CH3OH, and H2O) of both alfalfa roots and shoots was fed to rats, more than 86% of the 14C was excreted in the feces and less than 3% remained in the carcass 96 h after treatment. The major radiolabeled metabolites in the urine of the sheep fed 14C shoot were purified by chromatography and identified as the sulfate ester and the glucuronic acid conjugates of isopropyl 4-hydroxycarbanilate. Metabolites in the urine of the sheep treated with [14C]root were tentatively identified as conjugated forms of isopropyl 4-hydroxycarbanilate, isopropyl 2-hydroxycarbanilate, and 4-hydroxyaniline. The combined urine of rats dosed with [14C]shoot and [14C]root contained metabolites tentatively identified as conjugated forms of isopropyl 4-hydroxycarbanilate, isopropyl 2-hydroxycarbanilate, and 4-hydroxyaniline.
Strand‐loop‐strand motifs: Prediction of hairpins and diverging turns in proteins

β-sheet proteins have been particularly challenging for de novo structure prediction methods, which tend to pair adjacent β-strands into β-hairpins and produce overly local topologies. To remedy this problem and facilitate de novo prediction of β-sheet protein structures, we have developed a neural network that classifies strand-loop-strand motifs by local hairpins and nonlocal diverging turns by using the amino acid sequence as input. The neural network is trained with a representative subset of the Protein Data Bank and achieves a prediction accuracy of 75.9 ± 4.4% compared to a baseline prediction rate of 59.1%. Hairpins are predicted with an accuracy of 77.3 ± 6.1%, diverging turns with an accuracy of 73.9 ± 6.0%. Incorporation of the β-hairpin/diverging turn classification into the ROSETTA de novo structure prediction method led to higher contact order models and somewhat improved tertiary structure predictions for a test set of 11 all-β-proteins and 3 αβ-proteins. The β-hairpin/diverging turn classification from amino acid sequences is available online for academic use (Meiler and Kuhn, 2003; www.jens-meiler.de/turnpred.html). Proteins 2004;54:000–000. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vector Spaces with an Inner Product

This chapter begins with an optional section on symmetry of plane figures, which shows how some natural geometrical questions lead to the problem of studying linear transformations that preserve length. The concept of length in a general vector space over the real numbers is introduced in the next section, where it is shown how length is related to an inner product. The language of orthonormal bases and orthogonal transformations is developed with some examples from geometry and analysis. Beside the fact that the real numbers form a field, we shall use heavily in this chapter the theory of inequalities and absolute value, and the fact that every real number a ≥ 0 has a unique nonnegative square root \(\sqrt a\).
Structural Organization of Distinct Domains within the Non-collagenous N-terminal Region of Collagen Type XI

Abstract Collagen XI is a heterotrimeric molecule found predominantly in heterotypic cartilage fibrils, where it is involved in the regulation of fibrillogenesis. This function is thought to involve the complex N-terminal domain. The goal of this current study was to examine its structural organization to further elucidate the regulatory mechanism. The amino-propeptide (α1-Npp) alone or with isoforms of the variable region were recombinantly expressed and purified by affinity and molecular sieve chromatography. Cys-1–Cys-4 and Cys-2–Cys-3 disulfide bonds were detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This pattern is identical to the homologous α2-Npp, indicating that the recombinant proteins were folded correctly. Anomalous elution on molecular sieve chromatography suggested that the variable region was extended, which was confirmed using rotary shadowing; the α1-Npp formed a globular “head” and the variable region an extended “tail.” Circular dichroism spectra analysis determined that the α1-Npp comprised 33% β-sheet, whereas the variable region largely comprised non-periodic structure. Taken together, these results imply that the α1-Npp cannot be accommodated within the core of the fibril and that the variable region and/or minor helix facilitates its exclusion to the fibril surface. This provides further support for regulation of fibril diameter by steric hindrance or by interactions with other matrix components that affect fibrillogenesis.
Decomposing Parameter Estimation Problems

We propose a technique for decomposing the parameter learning problem in Bayesian networks into independent learning problems. Our technique applies to incomplete datasets and exploits variables that are either hidden or observed in the given dataset. We show empirically that the proposed technique can lead to orders-of-magnitude savings in learning time. We explain, analytically and empirically, the reasons behind our reported savings, and compare the proposed technique to related ones that are sometimes used by inference algorithms.
Shape-enhanced fusion: increasing the reactivity for some advanced fusion fuels☆

Abstract We show that an order of magnitude enhancement of the fusion cross section is possible for some advanced fusion fuels involving deformed nuclei providing the reacting nuclei fuse in a directed orientation. This process is a manifestation of Coulomb barrier reduction and we identify some candidate advanced fusion fuels which could exploit this phenomenon including p-11B, p-7Li and p-10B.
Chromosomal Bands and Sequence Features

The linear order of DNA is preserved during chromosome condensation. Metaphase chromosome bands are clusters of contiguous replicons of 2–10 Mb that initiate and terminate DNA synthesis in synchrony during a small fraction of S phase. Keywords: epigenetics; DNA replication; base composition; CpG islands
Teaching basic gastrointestinal physiology using classic papers by Dr. Walter B. Cannon

The movements of the gastrointestinal tract, as described by Walter B. Cannon 100 years ago, reveal much about the functions of this unique organ and how it is controlled by the body. Two classic papers by Cannon provide a rare glimpse into the hidden functions of the body and give students a great example of the scientific method in action. In this essay, we describe the basic movements and functions of the gastrointestinal tract as revealed by X-rays, contrast meals, and Cannon's careful observations. It is Cannon's experimental care and obvious interest in his subject matter that can provide your students with a taste of the excitement of discovery and insight into the processes by which experimental science moves forward.
Surgical Resection of a Malignant Liver Lesion: What the Surgeon Wants the Radiologist to Know

OBJECTIVE. Hepatic malignancy is a common and lethal disease, whether due to a primary tumor or metastasis. There are numerous treatment options available depending on the stage of the disease and medical condition of the patient, including systemic chemotherapy, transcatheter embolization, thermal ablation, and surgical resection. In a subset of patients with liver malignancy, surgical resection can offer the best chance of long-term survival and potentially even cure. This article reviews the major indications and contraindications for resection, basic surgical techniques and terminology, key clinical and imaging preoperative workup, and pertinent interventional oncology procedures in the management of hepatic malignancy. CONCLUSION. Diagnostic and interventional radiology plays an important role in the assessment and treatment of malignant hepatic lesions. Radiologists should be familiar with how surgeons select, work up, and treat candidates for liver resection to provide the most clinically valuable ...
A Year-Round Professional Development Model for World Language Educators

: The Bay Area Foreign Language Program (BAFLP), one of nine regional sites of the California Foreign Language Project, offers ongoing, year-round professional development programs for world language educators. In addition, its leadership program prepares selected educators to assume leadership positions at their school sites, building capacity for sustainable change. Demographic data from the program reveal increased opportunities for educators to strengthen their standards-based instructional practices. Findings also indicate that the leadership program is successful in terms of participant experience, allowing educators to gain leadership skills and lend their expertise back to improving the program. Aligned to the Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century, BAFLP's model can offer guidance to school districts in crafting effective and sustainable professional development programs.
Relations Between the Generations in Immigrant Families

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the nature of intergenerational relationships in immigrant families, especially between immigrant parents and their children, many of whom were born and largely raised in the United States. This review begins with an analysis of the causes of tension and conflict as well as accommodation and cooperation between parents and children in immigrant families in the contemporary United States. We then examine what happens when parents and children are separated in transnational families—why this pattern occurs today and how it affects family relationships. We provide a historical-comparative perspective, discussing what is new about parent-child relations in immigrant families today in contrast to a century ago in the last great wave of immigration to the United States. Finally, a cross-national view reveals the different emphases in the social science literature on intergenerational relations in immigrant families in the United States and western Europe.
A week in the life of a travel clinic.

International travel has increased enormously in recent years. With the greater movement of people have come increased encounters with a wide variety of diseases: malaria, dengue, cholera, typhoid fever, Ebola virus, and many more. The need for greater scope, consistency, and knowledgeability in pretravel health care to meet these challenges has been met by the emergence of the discipline of travel medicine. Travelers are well advised to become informed of the risks they face and to take steps to minimize those risks. After reviewing a traveler9s medical history and a detailed itinerary, a travel medicine practitioner can offer expert advice on behavioral modifications, immunizations, and chemoprophylaxis regimens which will increase the traveler9s margin of safety. The issues most frequently addressed in a travel clinic include treatment of traveler9s diarrhea, malaria chemoprophylaxis, and immunizations, for hepatitis A, typhoid fever, tetanus/diphtheria, influenza, pneumococcus, hepatitis B, polio, meningococcus, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and rabies. Pretravel consultation must consider the age and underlying health problems of the traveler, the nature of the trip (wilderness, jungle, rural, urban, resort, or cruise), the duration of travel, and the latest available information on the site in terms of disease outbreaks, terrorism, and natural calamities.
Abstract 163: Prorenin-induced Pro-inflammatory Effect In Hypothalamic Astrocytes From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Over-activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) at the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) enhances the central immune response contributing to the development and maintenance of neurogenic hypertension. Astrocytes contribute to the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and are a vital component of the innate immune response in the brain. The contribution of astrocyte activation during hypertension has not been investigated and the actions of prorenin (PRO) on this cell type are undefined. Astrocytes cultured from the hypothalamus of normotensive rats (Sprague Dawley; SD) or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; a model of neurogenic hypertension), contain (pro)renin receptor mRNA. When compared with non-treated cells (SD: 1.0 ± 0.04; SHR: 1.0 ± 0.05), treatment of SD cultures with PRO (60 nM; 3 h) increased the mRNA levels (normalized to GAPDH) of the PICs interleukin-6 (IL-6; 2.5 ± 0.3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β; 46.7 ± 12.1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; 13.8 ± 2.9) (n=6; p
Negative-Parity States in Pr 139

In a recent experiment some high-lying negative-parity states in ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{139}$ have been observed. This paper reports a shell-model calculation of these states with ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{140}$ as the closed core. Some further experiments to explore the levels of ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{139}$ are also suggested.
Conversion Coating of Zinc Electrodeposit Using by Cr (III) and Its Corrosion Resistance

Conversion coating on zinc plating film using Cr (III) compound as main constituent were investigated. Corrosion resistance of the film were evaluated by salt spray test and measuring polarization resistance, Rp. Surface analysis were made to determine the elements on the film and depth profile by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).Corrosion resistance of the passive film composed of both Cr (III) and silicate was better than those film consisting of each own component. With addition of phosphate and by post-treatment with dipping in colloidal silica sol solution, the corrosion resistance of the film was improved more. The evaluations of the film by measurement of polarization resistance were almost same results. The results of surface analysis using AES indicated that Cr (III) in the film was increased with addition of silicate, and that the thickness of the film was increased with addition of phosphate. These were thought to be responsible for improving the corrosion resistance of those Cr (III) film composed of silicate and phosphate.
Branding the Alsatian Oxymoron: The Production of Ambivalent Identity

AbstractThe regional government of Alsace, France, first commissioned the development of a regional brand in 2010 with the hopes of enhancing the region’s presence in the European and international market. Yet drawing on contentious histories and communities in a region historically beset by perceived linguistic, national, and cultural difference, the brand became a platform through which to resolve and promote particular versions of historical conflict. This article traces the semiotic labor involved in one such production of ambivalent identity, which took the form of the so-called Alsatian oxymoron. Through the Alsatian oxymoron, meant to signify historical Alsatian duality, consumers, tourists, and even Alsatian citizens themselves were invited to reencounter Alsace as a place of attractive ambiguity, exotic difference, and irreducible complexity. This essay tracks this brand labor, seeking to reveal the semiotic strategies involved in such production. Particularly, I rely on Susan Gal’s (2012) formul...
Research on Credit System in Construction Market Based on System Dynamics

At present,great attention has been paid to the serious distortion of credit relationship and quite a lot of moral risk behaviors caused by the lack of credit system in construction market.By using system dynamics theory and computer emulation analysis,this paper deeply studies the structure of the construction market credit system and their inner mechanisms and relationship.Research conclusions were drawn as followings:(1) social credit level,the perfection level of industry policy and credit consciousness had positive feedback on construction market credit;(2) because of credit cost and supervision cost,construction market credit level was restricted;(3) the default of engineering payments by owners had negative feedback on construction market credit and caused a series of chain reaction;(4) although construction market credit was the integration of credit behaviors of credit bodies,their effects on construction market credit was different.According to their sensitiveness from the most to the least,they were arranged as government credit,owner credit,agency credit and contractor credit.
A Rare Case of Mature Teratoma of the Mediastinum With Sarcomatous Components

Teratoma of the anterior mediastinum is the most common extragonadal germ cell tumor in adults. Infrequently a malignant nongerm cell component is present. We report a case of teratoma with angiosarcoma and malignant glioma components. The patient is a 34-year-old man who presented with right-sided chest pain and shortness of breath. A chest X-ray showed a right anterior mediastinal …
Inns, mules, and hardtack for the voyage: the local economy of the Manila Galleon in Mexico

This article argues that, in Mexico, the Manila Galleon fostered local manufacturing, promoted regional trade networks, and enabled Indians and people of mixed ancestry to participate in a monetized economy along with Spanish colonists. Several activities related to the ships’ annual embarkment at Acapulco illustrate this economic impact, including the delivery of provisions like hardtack, the transportation of merchandise, and the administration of services to travelers
Androgen Receptor as a Licensing Factor for DNA Replication

The Androgen Receptor (AR) is a steroid transcription factor, the activity of which is the primary focus of androgen ablation therapies for advanced prostate cancer. In prostate cancers, the AR acquires gain-of-function changes allowing it to drive prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation in a cell-autonomous manner. As part of this malignancy-associated gain-of-function, AR acquires a role in licensing for DNA replication in prostate cancer cells. In its role as a licensing factor, AR must be degraded during mitosis in order to allow re-licensing in the subsequent cell cycle. This conclusion is supported by the demonstration that acute enhanced expression of AR in prostate cancer cells results in its incomplete degradation in mitosis. This lack of mitotic AR degradation inhibits subsequent cell proliferation due to the inability to re-license all origins of replication needed for the next round of cell division. These data provide a unifying paradigm to clarify a number of unresolved observations in prostate cancer research. In addition, they provide a rationale for a new therapeutic approach for prostate cancer based upon stabilization of AR.
Production of Materials with Spatially-Controlled Cross-Link Density via Vat Photopolymerization

We describe an efficient method to produce objects comprising spatially controlled and graded cross-link densities using vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing (AM). Using a commercially available diacrylate-based photoresin, 3D printer, and digital light processing (DLP) projector, we projected grayscale images to print objects in which the varied light intensity was correlated to controlled cross-link densities and associated mechanical properties. Cylinder and bar test specimens were used to establish correlations between light intensities used for printing and cross-link density in the resulting specimens. Mechanical testing of octet truss unit cells in which the properties of the crossbars and vertices were independently modified revealed unique mechanical responses from the different compositions. From the various test geometries, we measured changes in mechanical properties such as increased strain-to-break in inhomogeneous structures in comparison with homogeneous variants.
Structural and electronic properties of KnC60.

We present local-density pseudopotential calculations of the structural and electronic properties of potassium fulleride K n C 60 (n=1, 2, 3, 6) crystals, with an emphasis on the superconducting K 3 C 60 phase. The calculated enthalpies of reaction for all of the potassium fullerides are within 1.4-1.7 eV per K atom. The pressure-versus-volume equation of state indicates that K 3 C 60 is less compressible than C 60 . The band structure of K 3 C 60 is very similar to that of C 60 , and we discuss how it changes with pressure
Effect of reflection losses on stationary dielectric-filled nonimaging concentrators

The effect of Fresnel reflection and total internal reflection (TIR) losses on the performance parameters in refractive solar concentrators has often been downplayed because most refractive solar concentrators are traditionally the imaging type, yielding a line or point image on the absorber surface when solely interacted with paraxial etendue ensured by solar tracking. Whereas, with refractive-type nonimaging solar concentrators that achieve two-dimensional (rectangular strip) focus or three-dimensional (circular or elliptical) focus through interaction with both paraxial and nonparaxial etendue within the acceptance angle, the Fresnel reflection and TIR losses are significant as they will affect the performance parameters and, thereby, energy collection. A raytracing analysis has been carried out to illustrate the effects of Fresnel reflection and TIR losses on four different types of stationary dielectric-filled nonimaging concentrators, namely V-trough, compound parabolic concentrator, compound elliptical concentrator, and compound hyperbolic concentrator. The refractive index (RI) of a dielectric fill material determines the acceptance angle of a solid nonimaging collector. Larger refractive indices yield larger acceptance angles and, thereby, larger energy collection. However, they also increase the Fresnel reflection losses. This paper also assesses the relative benefit of increasing RI from an energy collection standpoint.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Collaborative Approach to Twenty-First Century Challenges Posed by Global Change

It is now clear that global changes, including demographic shifts, changing land use/land cover, climate change, and changing social values and economic conditions, are part of a complex system that cannot effectively be dealt with by piecemeal or sequential problem-solving. These changes can interact and combine in unpredictable ways, resulting in potentially surprising or abrupt changes that threaten public health and safety, the performance of water resources infrastructure, and the functioning of ecosystems. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) sees these global changes that result in local impacts and responses as the major challenge of the twenty-first century. We also recognize that close collaboration, both nationally and internationally, is the most effective way to develop practical, nationally consistent, and cost-effective measures to reduce potential vulnerabilities resulting from global changes. This paper will discuss how USACE is leading the way to solve the challenges of the twenty-first century through our collaborative approach.
Hematopoietic stem cells gone rogue

Cardiovascular disease is considered to be an aging-related disease and is the leading cause of death in the elderly in developed countries ( 1 ). As of 2013, 65% of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease occurred among patients 75 years and older. A hallmark of aging is the accumulation of somatic DNA mutations in proliferative tissue. Although somatic mutations in the hematopoietic (blood cell) system are frequently observed in patients with hematological cancers, there is also a close correlation between hematopoietic somatic mutations and increased incidence of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease–related deaths ( 2 ). On page 842 of this issue, Fuster et al. ( 3 ) report that somatic mutation in a gene called ten-eleven translocation 2 ( Tet2 ) in hematopoietic stem cells increases atherosclerosis development in a mouse model.
The issue of the medium of instruction in Africa as an “inheritance situation”

One of the most crucial language planning decisions that a country can make is “the determination of a language to serve as the medium of instruction in school” (Fasold, 1984, p. 292). The issue of...
Remote Split: A History of US Drone Operations and the Distributed Labor of War

This article analyzes US drone operations through a historical and ethnographic analysis of the remote split paradigm used by the US Air Force. Remote split refers to the globally distributed comma...
From Ferguson to Charleston and Beyond: Talking about Race and Diversity in the Classroom.

ABSTRACTCourses: News Reporting, Advertising, Strategic Communication, Media Studies, Introduction to Communication, Intercultural and Interracial Communication, Business Communication, and Hybrid Public Speaking.Objectives: This module facilitates a process for students to interrogate how they relate to the public and to understand the profound implication of past policies on today’s communities, thereby engaging in productive race talk. Through five successive parts, students are better prepared for effective conversations about race and diversity by: (1) moving progressively toward understanding racial and ethnic identity formation; (2) exploring intersectionality (the oppression resulting from compounding effects of multiple identities) and relative power as it relates to broader socioeconomic, political, and environmental structures; and (3) the historicization of power, privilege, and oppression.
Explanations of Deviance

This chapter discusses four main types of explanations or theories of deviant behavior. These four types—social integration, cultural support, social disorganization and conflict, and societal reaction—are used throughout the book to analyze the various forms of deviance. The chapters that follow clarify why the given types of explanation are or are not especially useful in understanding a specific form of deviant behavior. How certain of these theories can be modified or extended to explain deviance more fully is discussed. Further, there is emphasis on how the theories can in some instances be combined and synthesized to increase their explanatory power.
A consumer-designed model of continuing education for administrators.

Mental health administrators can design for them-selves a training experience which is both interesting and educational. Futhermore, such a consumer designed curriculum and format can be generalized to a broader representation of mental health administrators, evidenced by the satisfaction ratings given to the second conference. Conference participants were drawn from thirty agencies and several disciplines. Ratings were not related to years of experience nor to judged similarity in ideological orientation between the respondent and other conference participants. It is interesting to note that in terms of training needs, the planning participants identified more strongly with their administrative roles than with mental health per se. Only two of the eight topics chosen related directly to mental health. Thus the training model and program content may have broader application to administrators in other health related fields. In conclusion the consumer designed model for continuing education for administrators is a concept worthy of further pursuit. Administrators are willing to design and attend such programs. They rate these experiences as satisfying, relevant, and contributing to their knowledge of the field. Administrators are also willing to support the model through registration fees, by recruiting trainees, and as consultants to future training efforts. As a further step in generalizing the consumer designed model, the Continuing Education Program is now evaluating its use in improving service systems. Mental health centers have become the consumers who design training programs tailored to their individual needs. Training intervention is then employed in order to make their specified changes in service delivery.
Representing vaccine misinformation using ontologies

In this paper, we discuss the design and development of a formal ontology to describe misinformation about vaccines. Vaccine misinformation is one of the drivers leading to vaccine hesitancy in patients. While there are various levels of vaccine hesitancy to combat and specific interventions to address those levels, it is important to have tools that help researchers understand this problem. With an ontology, not only can we collect and analyze varied misunderstandings about vaccines, but we can also develop tools that can provide informatics solutions. We developed the Vaccine Misinformation Ontology (VAXMO) that extends the Misinformation Ontology and links to the nanopublication Resource Description Framework (RDF) model for false assertions of vaccines. Preliminary assessment using semiotic evaluation metrics indicated adequate quality for our ontology. We outlined and demonstrated proposed uses of the ontology to detect and understand anti-vaccine information. We surmised that VAXMO and its proposed use cases can support tools and technology that can pave the way for vaccine misinformation detection and analysis. Using an ontology, we can formally structure knowledge for machines and software to better understand the vaccine misinformation domain.
Management of Mesh-Related Pelvic Inflammation

To review mesh used for transvaginal surgeries, specifically slings and prolapse repairs, as well as offer a review of management after mesh-induced inflammation occurs. There have been changes to FDA notifications regarding vaginal mesh, with continued high-profile press. The inflammatory changes and possible complications vary with different mesh characteristics. Risk for complications due to transvaginal mesh placed for prolapse is higher than that when placed for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Transvaginal mesh aids in the effective treatment of female stress incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse but holds the possibility for complications. Placement of transvaginal mesh should continue in the hands of specially trained surgeons, who are knowledgeable regarding management of complications.
“Overflowing Cups for Amorous Jove”: Abundance and Attraction in Milton’s Elegies

In “‘Overflowing Cups for Amorous Jove’: Abundance and Attraction in Milton’s Elegies,” John S. Garrison explores the entanglement of loss and longing in Milton’s early elegiac verse, where pleasure is derived from a state of absence or lack. Careful to distinguish this economy of desire from more familiar Petrarchan formulations, Garrison shows that in Milton’s elegies, “absence characterizes a state of erotic engagement where the speaker finds pleasurable excess in his own lack of fulfillment.” Calling our attention to the genre’s dialectical qualities, Milton’s Latin elegies bring into view powerful articulations of eroticism’s constitutive lack and the queer forms of desire that follow from it.
Palmitoylation by Multiple DHHC Enzymes Enhances Dopamine Transporter Function and Stability

The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the reuptake of extracellular dopamine (DA) and controls the spatiotemporal dynamics of dopaminergic neurotransmission. The transporter is subject to fine control that tailors clearance of transmitter to physiological demands, and dysregulation of reuptake induced by psychostimulant drugs, transporter polymorphisms, and signaling defects may impact transmitter tone in disease states. We previously demonstrated that DAT undergoes complex regulation by palmitoylation, with acute inhibition of the modification leading to rapid reduction of transport activity and sustained inhibition of the modification leading to transporter degradation and reduced expression. Here, to examine mechanisms and outcomes related to increased modification, we coexpressed DAT with palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), also known as DHHC enzymes, which catalyze palmitate addition to proteins. Of 12 PATs tested, DAT palmitoylation was stimulated by DHHC2, DHHC3, ...
Acquiring Linguistic Cues To Identity AGENT: Evidence from Children Learning Japanese as a Second Language.

This study investigates children's changing sensitivity to processing cues for identifying agent (word order, case marking, and animacy) as a function of proficiency in a second language. English-speaking learners of Japanese need to appropriately adjust cue strengths in moving from a rigid SVO language to one in which SOV word order is a good general processing strategy, but case marking must ultimately be relied on if it conflicts with this order. English-speaking children in grades K–7 in an immersion school were asked to identify the agent for a set of audiotaped sentences in English and Japanese. The children in this study learned to use SOV word order, lexical semantics, and canonical case marking, but they do not provide evidence of appropriately exploiting noncanonical case marking. We suggest that these results might be accounted for by the context in which input is processed in immersion school classrooms.
Hedging Against U.S. Chinese Currency Fluctuation

Hedging currency helps protect financial assets and stock price by reducing the potential volatility of foreign exchange rates. A multiple regression analysis is used to assist in explaining some of the relative valuation of U.S. Chinese currency. This analysis uses the U.S. interest rate, U.S. 10-year Treasury Bond, Chinese CPI, U.S. CPI, Chinese Government 10-year Bond, and the Chinese Import Price as independent variables to predict the U.S. Chinese exchange rate. After conducting the analysis, the model was determined to be statistically significant. Two predictor variables: the U.S. CPI and Import Price Index were also statistically significant.
Liposomal Bupivacaine Enhances the Pain-Control Benefits of Uniportal Thoracoscopic Lobectomy.

Background Liposomal bupivacaine field block is gaining popularity as a critical element of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols in thoracic surgery. Uniportal thoracoscopic surgery has been reported to result in less narcotic consumption compared with traditional video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the postoperative narcotic consumption of patients undergoing uniportal thoracoscopic lobectomy with the use of 0.25% bupivacaine vs patients treated with liposomal bupivacaine. Methods All consecutive patients undergoing uniportal thoracoscopic lobectomy at an academic medical institution were recorded between October 2015 and February 2018. Narcotic consumption was converted to oral morphine equivalents by using standard formulas. Patients underwent posterior serratus and intercostal nerve blocks with 0.25% bupivacaine or liposomal bupivacaine, transitioning to liposomal bupivacaine in March 2017. Other adjuncts such as gabapentin or cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors were not administered. Results Data were reviewed on 32 patients receiving field blocks with 0.25% bupivacaine and on 50 patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine. There was no difference between groups with regard to age, sex, chest tube duration, or length of stay. Patients undergoing field blocks with liposomal bupivacaine consumed less narcotic medication. Conclusions The study investigators have previously demonstrated decreased narcotic consumption with the use of uniportal technique over traditional multi-incision thoracoscopic surgery. The use of liposomal bupivacaine for posterior serratus and intercostal field blocks enhanced pain control and decreased narcotic consumption.
Frailty and Function in Heart Failure: Predictors of 30-Day Hospital Readmission?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although there have been decreases noted in 30-day readmission rates for persons with heart failure since enactment of the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, costs related to heart failure readmissions remain high. Consequently, there is a need to better identify persons with heart failure who are at risk for 30-day hospital readmission. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the ability of measures of function and frailty to predict 30-day hospital readmissions for adults 65 years and older with heart failure. METHODS Secondary data analysis using the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study analysis merged with Medicare claims data. Logistic regression modeling was used to compare the ability of function (Short Physical Performance Battery) and frailty (Fried's Physical Frailty Phenotype) to predict 30-day readmission. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to examine the ability of function and frailty to identify those who were readmitted. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Frailty and function demonstrated comparable ability to predict 30-day readmissions (R2 = 0.087 and R2 = 0.087, respectively). Neither measure identified persons at risk for readmission (AUCSPPB = 0.608; AUCPFP = 0.587). CONCLUSIONS Functional assessment demonstrated comparable ability to predict 30-day readmissions in persons with heart failure compared with frailty. However, neither measure was able to identify persons at high risk for readmission. Although frailty status is emphasized in research for older adults with heart failure, functional status is an important patient-level factor associated with readmission.
Sales order backlog and corporate social responsibility

Abstract We examine the impact of sales order backlog, an important leading indicator of firm performance, on corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance (measured as responsible and irresponsible CSR performance). We rely on the stakeholder and resource availability views of CSR to develop our hypotheses. Under the stakeholder view, we posit a positive relation between sales order backlog and CSR performance. Under the resource availability view, we posit this relationship to be negative. Our empirical evidence shows a significant positive relation between order backlog and irresponsible CSR performance, suggesting that firms with higher order backlog demonstrate lower overall CSR performance. This evidence is consistent with the resource availability view that engaging in CSR activities consumes valuable firm resources, and thus, firms with limited resources are less likely to invest in CSR initiatives. Firms with high levels of unfulfilled sales orders must focus on fulfilling those orders, and may not be able to devote resources to CSR.
Altered gait mechanics are associated with severity of chondropathy after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

Abstract Background Suboptimal patient-reported function and movement impairments often persist after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Individuals with FAIS with preoperative cartilage pathology (ie. chondropathy) demonstrate distinct movement patterns and have worse post-operative outcomes. It is unknown whether the presence of chondropathy after surgery negatively affects movement and function. Research question Do sagittal plane gait mechanics differ based on chondropathy severity following arthroscopy for FAIS? Methods A cross-sectional walking gait analysis was performed for 25 participants post-arthroscopy (2.48 ± 1.38y) and 12 healthy controls (HCs). Peak total support moment (TSM) and relative contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated during loading response. The Hip Osteoarthritis MRI Scoring System was used to categorize the FAIS group into no-mild or moderate-severe chondropathy groups based on 3 T magnetic resonance imaging of their surgical hip. The interactions of group by limb were evaluated for kinetic variables, covaried by gait speed. Results Groups did not differ based on age, BMI and sex distribution (P ≥ 0.14). 13 participants with FAIS presented with moderate-severe chondropathy and 12 presented with no-mild chondropathy. Participants with moderate-severe chondropathy walked significantly slower than both other groups (P = 0.006) and demonstrated lower peak TSM than those with no-mild chondropathy (P = 0.002). Participants with no-mild chondropathy demonstrated lower hip (61.5 %) and greater ankle (17.7 %) contributions to the TSM on the involved limb compared to the moderate-severe group (hip:73.4 %, P = 0.07; ankle:10.5 %, P = 0.007). Significance Slower gait speed alone did not explain the lower TSM strategy in participants with moderate-severe chondropathy. Interestingly, the joint contribution strategy of this group was not different than HCs. Participants with no-mild chondropathy demonstrated a TSM strategy that shifted the demand away from their hip and toward their ankle. Given the small sample size, and large variability in joint strategies, future work needs to examine whether these alterations in gait strategy, with or without advanced chondropathy, impact patient function.
Measuring markers of aging and knee osteoarthritis gait using inertial measurement units.

Abstract Differences in gait with age or knee osteoarthritis have been demonstrated in laboratory studies using optical motion capture (MoCap). While MoCap is accurate and reliable, it is impractical for assessment outside the laboratory. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) may be useful in these situations. Before IMUs are used as a surrogate for MoCap, methods that are reliable, repeatable, and that calculate metrics at similar accuracy to MoCap must be demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to compare spatiotemporal gait parameters and knee range of motion calculated via MoCap to IMU-derived variables and to compare the ability of these tools to discriminate between groups. MoCap and IMU data were collected from young, older, and adults with knee osteoarthritis during overground walking at three self-selected speeds. Walking velocity, stride length, cadence, percent of gait cycle in stance, and sagittal knee range of motion were calculated and compared between tools (MoCap and IMU), between participant groups, and across speed. There were no significant differences between MoCap and IMU outcomes, and root mean square error between tools was ≤0.05 m/s for walking velocity, ≤0.07 m for stride length, ≤0.5 strides/min for cadence, ≤5% for percent of gait cycle in stance, and ≤1.5° for knee range of motion. No interactions were present, suggesting that MoCap and IMU calculated metrics similarly across groups and speeds. These results demonstrate IMUs can accurately calculate spatiotemporal variables and knee range of motion during gait in young and older, asymptomatic and knee osteoarthritis cohorts.
Detecting a shade of schadenfreude in employee satisfaction with salary raises

This is the first study that explores the schadenfreude effect in employee satisfaction with and reaction to five-different salary raises. Authors construct a unique data set that was created by an...