cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Renal Volume in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease and Relevant Clinical Implications

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common life-threatening hereditary disease of the kidney. It presents with progressive enlargement of the kidneys with numerous cysts that distort the parenchyma and result in progressive decline in kidney function. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is genetically modified with the responsible genes localized to separate loci on chromosome 16 (PKD1 gene), accounting for the majority of ADPKD cases, and chromosome 4 (PKD2 gene), accounting for the remainder. This review discusses the current understanding of the pathogenesis of ADPKD, focusing on renal volume and its pivotal role on the manifestations of the disease. Specifically, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, kidney function deterioration, pain, and hematuria are examined as consequences of renal volume increase. Recent developments on diagnostic modalities and criteria of the ADPKD are also discussed.
Subverting Policy Premises

The chapter by Mark Moore, which is the occasion for the present commentary, enters a very old discussion in a somewhat limited fashion. On its own terms, I have no quarrel with Moore’s central point. Science does have a difficult time accomodating itself to the “policy space” within which the official normally must act. The policymaker—whether in the government, commercial, or educational sector—operates under a series of well-known constraints: existing policies, budgets, personnel limitations, tight schedules, and political pressures. It is pernicious to offer as advice a set of policy recommendations that ignore these limitations. Whether or not one agrees with Moore in all his specifics about the differing goals and standards of the social scientist and the policy analyst, his paper repeats and elaborates a now familiar theme which most observers generally share.
Electromagnetic induction launchers

The electromagnetic launcher consists of a system of stator coils producing a traveling field which accelerates an armature carrying currents induced by the traveling field (induction accelerator [1,2]) or persistent currents supplied from otner sources (synchronous accelerator [2,10]). The fact that their armature has no electrical contact with the stator, essentially riding on the crest of a traveling magnetic wave, makes induction accelerators very attractive for a large number of applications. This paper is devoted exclusively to the accelerator of the induction type. Efficiency considerations require that the traveling wave should accelerate at approximately the same rate as the projectile. This can be achieved either using variable (increasing) winding pitch or a continuously increasing power supply frequency or a combination of both. A new dimension was added to the induction coaxial accelerator technology with the definition at the Center for Electromechanics at The University of Texas at Austin (CEM-UT) of a new electrical machine, the Rising Frequency Generator (RFG) representing a more attractive integrated power source for induction accelerators which had previously been forced to conform to constant frequency power supplies. This paper outlines the principles of design and shows two applications of induction coaxial launchers; a half-scale aircraft launcher in which the system also acts as an electromagnetic brake, stopping the shuttle and driving it in the opposite direction, and a high performance, 18-m long launcher capable of accelerating a 1-kg aluminum projectile to a velocity of 10 km/s at an average acceleration of 250,000 G.
EVOLUTIONARY STABILITY IN A 400-MILLION-YEAR-OLD HERITABLE FACULTATIVE MUTUALISM

Many eukaryotes interact with heritable endobacteria to satisfy diverse metabolic needs. Some of these interactions are facultative symbioses, in which one partner is not essential to the other. Facultative symbioses are expected to be transitional stages along an evolutionary trajectory toward obligate relationships. We tested this evolutionary theory prediction in Ca. Glomeribacter gigasporarum, nonessential endosymbionts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota). We found that heritable facultative mutualisms can be both ancient and evolutionarily stable. We detected significant patterns of codivergence between the partners that we would only expect in obligate associations. Using codiverging partner pairs and the fungal fossil record, we established that the Glomeromycota‐Glomeribacter symbiosis is at least 400 million years old. Despite clear signs of codivergence, we determined that the Glomeribacter endobacteria engage in recombination and host switching, which display patterns indicating that the association is not evolving toward reciprocal dependence. We postulate that low frequency of recombination in heritable endosymbionts together with host switching stabilize facultative mutualisms over extended evolutionary times.
Parallel architecture selection for image tracking applications

Some application-specific algorithms exhibit very high processing demand due to the real-time requirement. Architectural structure adaptations are necessary to meet the computational requirement of such algorithms. An optimized architecture should consider all the performance criteria and their degree of importance. Among these, the degree of parallelism, memory and communication bandwidth, and I/O rate should be considered. A functional analysis of several image processing algorithms is used as an example to find a parallel architecture to meet the requirements. The architecture selection factors described, certainly can help in improving the I/O and processor bound limitations. Their lack of consideration can degrade the system performance in terms of the real time requirement and quality of presentation and future expansion.
Electrogenerated coatings containing zeolites

Dans le but d'obtention de surfaces electrocatalytiques, preparation electrochimique des revetements contenant des particules de tamis moleculaires (Linde 3A et 4A) sur des electrodes a disque tournant de carbone vitreux et de platine. Dans ce but de fines particules du tamis moleculaire sont ajoutees a un electrolyte aprotique contenant des especes reductibles. Le processus de formation des revetements est initie par la rotation de l'electrode et par balayage repete a travers les vagues de reduction de l'oxydant
Circadian clock desynchronisation and metabolic syndrome

There is emerging evidence in the literature to suggest that disruption of the normal circadian rhythm (sleep-wake cycle signalling) is a potential risk factor to explain the increased incidence of metabolic syndrome. Over the last century, obesity, diabetes and other components of metabolic syndrome have been on the rise. On the other hand, the amount of sleep has decreased from an average of 6-8 h per night. Furthermore, the quality of sleep has declined with more individuals voluntarily decreasing their amount of sleep to work or enjoy leisure activities. Over the last decade, researchers have examined the relationship between disruption in human circadian system and the emergence of symptoms related to metabolic syndrome. Indeed, epidemiological studies suggest a relation between sleep duration and diabetes and obesity. Moreover, experimental animal and human studies suggest such a relation. These studies propose optimum sleep duration of 7-8 h per night to avoid circadian rhythm disruption and suggest that sleep disturbance, whether iatrogenic or disease-related, should be considered as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome, and be addressed. This field is in its infancy and further understanding of specific pathophysiological pathways of circadian desynchronisation will help in developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Improving locality with parallel hierarchical copying GC

This paper shows how to reduce cache and TLB misses by changing the order in which a parallel garbage collector copies heap objects. Reducing cache and TLB misses improves program run time. Parallel garbage collection improves scaling on multi-processor machines. Technology trends indicate that both memory locality and multi-processor scaling increase in importance. Our new algorithmis based on the earlier single-threaded "hierarchical decomposi-tion" algorithm by Wilson, Lam, and Moher. This paper presents a thorough evaluation of parallel hierarchical copying, showing that it improves spatial locality, reduces cache and TLB misses, and speeds up 14 out of 26 benchmarks.
Inhibition of Agrobacterium tumefaciens oncogenicity by the osa gene of pSa.

The IncW plasmid pSa originally derived from Shigella flexneri completely inhibits the tumor-inducing ability of Agrobacterium tumefaciens when it is resident in this organism. Oncogenic inhibition is mediated through the expression of the osa gene on pSa. This gene is part of a 3.1-kb DNA segment of pSa that contains four open reading frames revealed by sequencing. Specific deletions and TnCAT insertions within this segment localized the oncogenic inhibitory activity to the last open reading frame, orf-4, designated osa (for oncogenic suppression activity). No promoter exists immediately upstream of the coding sequence of osa since TnCAT insertions or deletions into orf-3 caused the loss of oncogenic inhibition. Deletion analysis showed that the promoter of orf-1 is required for osa transcription. The first three orfs have no role in oncogenic inhibition, since osa alone placed under the control of a constitutive Pkm promoter completely inhibited A. tumefaciens oncogenicity. This inhibition of oncogenicity by osa is not limited to a specific host plant but appears to show broad host specificity. Because the osa-encoded product has close homologies to the fiwA-encoded product of the IncP plasmid RP1, osa may be involved in fertility inhibition that would prevent or reduce the formation of stable mating pairs and T-DNA transfer between A. tumefaciens and plants. Images
Timing and topography of nucleus magnocellularis innervation by the cochlear ganglion

This series of experiments examined the arrival and organization of cochlear nerve axons in the primary auditory brainstem nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), of the chick. DiI and DiD were injected into the cochlear nerve, cochlear ganglion, and basilar papilla (i.e., avian cochlea) in fixed tissue and labeled axons were studied in NM and its vicinity. Cochlear nerve axons first penetrate NM between stages 29 (E6) and 36 (E10). Axons penetrate NM in a middle-to-posterior-to-anterior developmental sequence; the anterior, high-frequency region of NM receives axons last. When cochlear nerve axons arrive in the NM, they are already organized in a topographic map related to the position of their cell bodies along the basilar papilla, foreshadowing the tonotopic mapping observed between NM and the basilar papilla later in development. Evidence of a topographic map was also observed in the other primary auditory brainstem nucleus, nucleus angularis. These results indicate that topographic mapping of position (and ultimately characteristic frequency) between the basilar papilla and NM is established as cochlear nerve axons arrive in the NM prior to the onset of synaptic activity. .
Postprandial Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Recent prospective studies in healthy individuals suggest that the postprandial triglyceride (TG) level is a better independent predictor for assessing future CVD events than fasting TG levels. In contrast, results have been more controversial among diabetic patients, as some studies report a positive association between postprandial TG and CVD. This raises the issue of to what extent postprandial TG levels may be of predictive value in the diabetic population. One possibility impacting on the predictive power of postprandial TG in identifying CVD risk may be the presence of other risk factors, including alterations in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, which could make it more difficult to identify the impact of postprandial lipemia on cardiovascular risk. The findings provide a challenge to develop a better approach to assess the impact of postprandial lipemia on CVD risk under diabetic conditions.
Muscimol inactivation caudal to the interstitial nucleus of Cajal induces hemi-seesaw nystagmus

Hemi-seesaw nystagmus (hemi-SSN) is a jerk-waveform nystagmus with conjugate torsional and disjunctive vertical components. Halmagyi et al. in Brain 117(Pt 4):789–803 (1994), reported hemi-SSN in patients with unilateral lesions in the vicinity of the Interstitial Nucleus of Cajal (INC) and suggested that an imbalance in projections from the vestibular nuclei to the INC was the source of the nystagmus. However, this hypothesis was called into question by Helmchen et al. in Exp Brain Res 119(4):436–452 (1998), who inactivated INC in monkeys with muscimol (a GABAA agonist) and induced failure of vertical gaze-holding (neural integrator) function but not hemi-SSN. We injected 0.1–0.2 μl of 2% muscimol into the supraoculomotor area, 1–2 mm dorso-lateral to the right oculomotor nucleus and caudal to the right INC. A total of seven injections in two juvenile rhesus monkeys were performed. Hemi-SSN was noted within 5–10 min after injection for six of the injections. Around the time the hemi-SSN began, a small skew deviation also developed. However, there was no limitation of horizontal or vertical eye movements, suggesting that the nearby oculomotor nucleus was not initially compromised. Limitations in eye movement range developed about ½–1 h following the injections. Clinical signs that were observed after the animal was released to his cage included a moderate to marked head tilt toward the left (contralesional) side, consistent with an ocular tilt reaction. We conclude that hemi-SSN can be caused by lesions just caudal to the INC, whereas lesions of the INC itself cause down-beat nystagmus and vertical gaze-holding failure, as demonstrated by Helmchen et al. Combined deficits may be encountered with lesions that involve several midbrain structures.
Ethanol Production from Pearl Millet Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT Four pearl millet genotypes were tested for their potential as raw material for fuel ethanol production in this study. Ethanol fermentation was performed both in flasks on a rotary shaker and in a 5-L bioreactor using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 24860). For rotary-shaker fermentation, the final ethanol yields were 8.7–16.8% (v/v) at dry mass concentrations of 20–35%, and the ethanol fermentation efficiencies were 90.0–95.6%. Ethanol fermentation efficiency at 30% dry mass on a 5-L bioreactor reached 94.2%, which was greater than that from fermentation in the rotary shaker (92.9%). Results showed that the fermentation efficiencies of pearl millets, on a starch basis, were comparable to those of corn and grain sorghum. Because pearl millets have greater protein and lipid contents, distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from pearl millets also had greater protein content and energy levels than did DDGS from corn and grain sorghum. Therefore, pearl millets could be a potential feedstock for ...
Magnetoelectric Mapping as Observed in Quantum Coherence Phenomena under Strong Spin-Orbit Interaction

A magnetoelectric mapping is demonstrated between dephasing effects of the magnetic vector potential and effects of an effective vector potential describing spin-orbit interaction. The experiments use spin-dependent mesoscopic quantum transport experiments on the narrow-gap semiconductor InSb and the semimetal Bi, both materials with strong spin-orbit interaction. The spin-orbit-induced antilocalization signature in transport allows determination of spin coherence lengths in narrow InSb and Bi wires. Spin coherence lengths are observed to increase with decreasing wire widths. The geometrical effect of width can be understood from the magnetoelectric duality between the Aharonov-Bohm phase and the Aharonov-Casher phase.
New legislation in Brazilian music education: Studying the law and its implementation

In 2008, Brazilian legislators approved a law that added music on a mandatory basis to the basic national school curriculum. Despite the possibilities afforded by this legislation, music educators ...
The Exhibition of Manuscripts at the Minnesota Historical Society

program of display launched in the last three years by the Minnesota Historical Society is quite revolutionary to the institution. Manuscripts, books, paintings, photographs, and museum objects had been exhibited many times in the one hundred year history of the society. Even in the first years, when the collections were crowded into basements, many of the people who asked admittance came to see rather than to study. There was no area reserved for displays and no staff assigned to their preparation. If visitors knew a particular manuscript was in the collection, they could see it upon request. But hundreds of unknown treasures lay hidden in the vaults, known only to scholars who braved dust and confusion to "dig" among them. In 19 17, when the collections came out of the basement of the Capitol into the new historical building, the society moved into a new period in its history. One floor was reserved for a museum, and other areas in the building could be used advantageously for display. Now there was space for exhibits ; and the next few years brought other changes equally important. Under the leadership of Solon J. Buck and Theodore C. Biegen millions of items enriching the collections came into the building. No longer did a new accession make a brief bow before the curator and then retreat unknown into the vaults. Detailed catalogs, an inventory, and a calendar proclaimed where it was and what it was. And to man these collections was an increasing staff, growing from 22 members in 191 8 to 40 in 1 95 1. When the society paused to remember it was one hundred years old in 1949, it could proudly survey a century of real achievement. But at the very moment the past was filing in review, the institution envisioned and explored the new ground that lay ahead. In the vision and the exploration was a philosophy that encompassed all the resources of the society, human and material; a
A Review of Calibration under Uncertainty within the Environmental Design Space

In this paper, the relationship between uncertainty and model calibration is examined within the context of the Environmental Design Space (EDS) aircraft analysis tool. The majority of deterministic calibration techniques st ress the importance of accuracy and the identification of a single optimum solution, but do not allow for the incorporation of the effects of uncertainty in either the input or outpu t data. The non-proprietary EDS model relies on publicly available data for matching purp oses and must be able to quantify the effects of error and uncertainty as part of the cal ibration process. The role of uncertainty in model assessment and calibration is examined and a variety of existing probabilistic calibration techniques are reviewed with the goal o f establishing a starting point for future EDS calibration research.
Education Research: Neurology resident education Trending skills, confidence, and professional preparation

Objective: To survey US-trained graduating neurology residents who are American Academy of Neurology members, in an effort to trend perceived quality and completeness of graduate neurology education. Methods: An electronic survey was sent to all American Academy of Neurology members graduating from US neurology residency programs in the Spring of 2014. Results: Of 805 eligible respondents, 24% completed the survey. Ninety-three percent of adult neurology residents and 56% of child neurology residents reported plans to pursue fellowship training after residency. Respondents reported a desire for additional training in neurocritical care, neuro-oncology, neuromuscular diseases, botulinum toxin injection, and nerve blocks. There remains a clear deficit in business training of neurology residents, although there was notable improvement in knowledge of coding and office management compared to previous surveys. Discussion: Although there are still areas of perceived weakness in neurology training, graduating neurology residents feel generally well prepared for their chosen careers. However, most still pursue fellowship training for reasons that are little understood. In addition to certain subspecialties and procedures, practice management remains deficient in neurology training and is a point of future insecurity for most residents. Future curriculum changes should consider resident-reported gaps in knowledge, with careful consideration of improving business training.
Test and Analysis on Operating Performance of Transformer With Single-Phase Three-Limb Core Under DC Bias

The impact of DC current in the earth on excitation characteristic of AC transformer under bi-polar asymmetric operation of HVDC power transmission system is analyzed.During the high-power commissioning of two circuit HVDC transmission system from the Three Gorges to Shanghai,the operating performance of single-phase AC transformer with three-limb core located near DC grounding pole at receiving end is measured and tested,and the relationship of vibration and noise of the transformer with such parameters as unbalance degree of bi-polar operation,apparent power of main transformer and oil temperature as well as the influence of DC-bias on operating performance of single-phase AC transformer with three-limb core are analyzed.Measurement and test results show that during bi-polar asymmetric operation of HVDC power transmission system the DC-bias phenomena to different extent appear in transformers inside the AC substation near the grounding pole,however the oil temperature and oil chromatograph are in normal condition,thus such a DC-bias phenomena are sustainable.
Research and Application of Hydraulic Chainsaw for Coal Mine

The hydraulic chainsaw for coal mine is a hydraulic driven cutting tool for accessorial construction.Introduced hydraulic chainsaw working principle and structural design,and then compared with performance between actual slotting by using hydraulic chainsaw and by hand in coal and rock.It is verified that It offer high safety,high efficiency,large cutting depth,elegant shape,excellent general service seal of slot and low cost.So,it can be widely used in many engineering and mine fields,especially slotting in coal tunnel and rock tunnel when building fire seal at coal mine underground.
Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease requires involvement of an extended health care team. Obstetricians and gynecologists are uniquely positioned within the health care system because they are often the primary or only contact women have with the system. This review article discusses initial assessment, treatment recommendations, and practical tips regarding primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with a focus on coronary heart disease; discussion includes peripheral and cerebrovascular disease.
Alfalfa Water Table Investigations

Use of water by alfalfa growing under high water table conditions was studied to determine the irrigation requirement. A three-season average of consumptive use and yield of alfalfa, disregarding soil textures, showed an almost straight-line relationship with water table depth for the nonirrigated treatment. The nonirrigated alfalfa showed the effects of static water table depth on the consumptive use and yield of alfalfa. Peak consumptive use occurred when the alfalfa was at or approaching the one-tenth bloom stage and temperatures were high. Only minor differences in the growth of alfalfa were found for the various static water table, soil and irrigation treatments. The alfalfa plants in the lysimeters showed good root development, with roots in the saturated zone and enlarged white rootlets extending below the water table level. Pan evaporation, net radiation, and the Olivier method adequately predicted cumulative consumptive use for an 8-ft water table, but were low for 2-ft and 4-ft water table depths. None of the prediction methods reflected peak consumptive use periods for alfalfa grown in the presence of static shallow water tables.
Statistical Control of VLSI Fabrication Processes

This paper presents a methodology for statistical control of VLSI fabrication processes. After a brief description of the stochastic nature of VLSI manufacturing, theoretical foundations of the on-line control system and algorithms for implementing it are presented.
Cured Pigment and Color Development in Fermented Sausage Containing Glucono-Delta-Lactone1

Addition of 0.41% glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) to meat mixtures for fermented sausages produced an immediate acidulation response, lowering the initial pH from 6.0 to 5.4. After fermentation, control sausages had a pH of 5.1 which decreased to 5.0 at 16 days of drying. Sausages containing GDL had a pH of 4.8 at the end of the fermentation phase and the pH remained constant through heat processing and drying. Additional acidity from GDL usage promoted greater (P < 0.05) conversion of the total heme pigments to the nitric oxide heme pigment at each stage of processing examined. Although more pigment production occurred, sausages with GDL lost cured pigment upon dehydration at the same rate as control sausages. Color values showed a more rapid increase in ‘aL’ values for sausage containing GDL. Sample L and ‘bL’ values were similar for both sausage groups at each process phase.
Dean Gildersleeve: Redefining a Women’s College

Virginia Gildersleeve redefined elements of Barnard College over her 36 years as dean, transforming it from a regional, city college to an elite, national liberal arts college for women. In doing so, she crafted policies and actions that were exclusionary as well as expansive. She concurrently changed the curriculum toward a Progressive notion of electives to foster a traditional understanding of universal truths as well as contemporary analytic judgments.
Some Facts and Speculations Concerning the Origin and Role of Thunderstorm Electricity

This discussion of the mysteries of thunderstorm electricity differs somewhat from most treatments of the subject. Usually it is assumed at the outset that the falling of charged precipitation particles is the cause of the electrification process. It follows, when this assumption is made, that the accumulation of charge is one of the last things to happen in the development of the cloud, and accordingly little importance is attached to the possible influence of electrical forces in determining the cloud’s behavior. Since this writing considers the possibility that electrification might take place early in the cloud’s development as the result of convection, somewhat greater attention than is customary is devoted to possible effects of electrification on the formation of precipitation and on the movement of air within the cloud.
From Cybele to Artemis: Motherhood and Great Mothers of Ancient Anatolia

Since antiquity, Anatolian women’s relationship with religion and religious beliefs reveals characteristics of a multi-cultural, multi-civilizational outlook whose varying norms and traditions clearly manifest a multiplicity of perspectives. Before the adoption of Islam, Anatolian women’s lives were influenced and shaped by the cultural and political ideology of the times from Greeks to Ionians, Phrygians, Romans, and the Byzantine. Following the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul in 1453 A.D. socio-political climate in Asia Minor was relatively changed under the Islamic law, however, non-Muslims were allowed to practice their traditions and religion as long as they paid taxes to the state. Regardless of socio-cultural and political differences from one region to another, women who lived in Anatolia left their stamp on numerous concepts. Their historic legacy of motherhood, impact of goddesses, their worship and rituals, as well as the circuitous ways Anatolian female identity were shaped over the centuries, constitute the central focus of the author's analysis in this work.
Communicating across difference: Co-cultural theory, capital and multicultural families in Korea*

ABSTRACTUtilizing Orbe’s co-cultural theory and Bourdieu’s theories of capital, this study examines the lived experiences and the communicative interactions employed by members of seven multicultural families in South Korea. Findings show the intertwined roles of economic capital, social capital, cultural capital and symbolic capital with co-cultural communication orientations, when interacting with members of the majority group. Particularly, findings reveal differences between Korean husbands and immigrant wives. For Korean husbands, economic and social capital are the most critical influential factors in their choices of communication orientations, while for immigrant wives, cultural and symbolic capital are most significant. Additionally, contrary to previous research, Confucianism and patriarchy played key roles in the marginalization of Korean men in multicultural families and influenced their co-cultural communication orientations.
Rapid Screening of Risk in Pediatric Headache: Application of the Pediatric Pain Screening Tool.

Objective The current study examined the application of a screening tool to identify biopsychosocial risk factors and derive prognostic risk groups in children and adolescents with headache pain. Methods Youth (n = 242, 8-17 years, 75.6% female) presenting for evaluation at a tertiary pediatric headache clinic completed the nine-item Pediatric Pain Screening Tool (PPST) as well as measures of functional disability, pain catastrophizing, fear of pain, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, 119 patients reported on functional disability at 2-month follow-up. Results The PPST demonstrated discriminant validity that ranged from fair to good for identifying significant disability and high emotional distress. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated that established cutoff scores were appropriate for the current sample, and thus participants were classified into low-risk (21%), medium-risk (31%), and high-risk (48%) groups. Only 1-6% of patients who met reference standard case status for disability and emotional distress were classified as low risk, whereas 64-90% of patients who met reference standard case status were classified as high risk, suggesting robust stratification. Conclusions The nine-item PPST may be a useful tool for efficiently identifying young patients with headache who are at risk of poor outcomes, and effectively classifying them into risk groups that could drive stratified treatment directly targeting patient needs.
Long-term decline of sugar maple following forest harvest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

Forest harvesting can impact site quality by removing essential nutrients, exacerbating the effects of historic base cation losses associated with acid deposition. We studied the 30-year trajectory...
Marketing Mix-Based Facebook Posts and Potential Consumers: An Abstract

The overall purpose of this study was to test the relationship between satisfaction of marketing mix-related social media communications (i.e., Facebook posts), brand equity, and purchase intention within a fitness setting. Although fitness and the promotion of healthy lifestyles have become commonplace in our society, health and fitness clubs continue to face membership issues. In fact, only 16% of Americans belong to health/fitness clubs (Steiman, 2014). Furthermore, research has indicated that fitness club members typically end their membership due to what could be deemed brand-related issues (Tharrett & Peterson, 2012; Williams, Pedersen, & Walsh, 2012). Subsequently, there is a need to improve the fitness industry’s business practices regarding the rising number of health club brands and lack of consumption of the services provided by the industry.
Reprint of ‘Protein-polyphenol particles for delivering structural and health functionality’

Abstract Dietary proteins and polyphenols contribute both nutritive and extra-nutritional (disease-preventing and metabolism-enhancing) benefits, and can participate in food structure formation and stabilization. There is a desire to increase consumption of proteins and polyphenols based on health considerations, and one approach is to form protein-polyphenol particles that combine both health and structural functionality in food products. The roles of proteins and polyphenols individually, or when bound together, are discussed in terms of health benefits (nutrition, disease prevention, satiety, allergy alleviation) and impact on food structure. The overall goal should be a rational design of protein-polyphenol particles to ensure a positive contribution to food quality, protein nutrition, and delivery of a health-relevant dose of polyphenols to the gastrointestinal tract.
Glivenko–Cantelli Theorem for the kernel error distribution estimator in the first-order autoregressive model

Abstract This paper considers the uniform strong consistency of the kernel estimator of the error cumulative distribution function (CDF) in the first-order autoregressive model. The classical Glivenko–Cantelli Theorem is extended to the residual based kernel smooth CDF estimator in the autoregressive model.
Sediment and Phosphorous Fluxes Analysis in Aquia Creek, a Sub-watershed of the Chesapeake Bay Basin, VA, USA

Decline in global surface water quality around the world is closely linked to excess sediment and nutrient inputs. This study examined sediment and phosphorus fluxes in Aquia Creek, a fourth-order sub-watershed of the Chesapeake Bay located in Stafford, Virginia. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), sediment delivery ratio (SDR), field sediment traps, bank erosion pins, and LIDAR data, combined with historical aerial images, were used in quantifying rill and inter-rill erosion from the basin, as well as internally generated sediments. Stream water and stream bank soils were analyzed for phosphorus. RUSLE/SDR modeling estimates a basin total sediment flux of 25,247 tons year−1. The greatest calculated soil losses were in deciduous forests and cropland areas, whereas medium and high-intensity developed areas had the least soil loss. Cut-bank erosion ranged from 0.2 to 27.4 cm year−1, and annual bank sediment fluxes were estimated at 1444 Mg, with a corresponding annual mass of phosphorous of 13,760 kg year−1. The highest bank loss estimates were incurred along reaches draining urban areas. Stream water total phosphorous levels ranged from 0.054 μg g−1 during low flows to 134.94 μg g−1 during high discharge periods in autumn and spring. These results show that stormwater management practices in urban areas are limiting runoff water and soil contact, reducing surficial soil loss. However, the runoff acceleration due to expansion of impervious surfaces is progressively increasing the significance of intrinsic sediment and phosphorous sources by exacerbating stream bank erosion and resuspension of internally stored sediments.
Structural studies of methylamine dehydrogenase

Methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), found in methyldtrophic bacteria, is an inducible, periplasmic quinoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of methylamine to formaldehyde and ammonia (De Beer R et al. 1980). It contains the novel cofactor tryptophan tryptophylquinone (TTQ), which is derived from two tryptophan side chains (McIntire WS et al. 1991). Subsequently, electrons are transferred to the membrane bound terminal oxidase, cytochrome aa3 via a series of soluble electron carrier proteins. In facultative autotrophs, such as Paracoccus denitrificans, the initial electron acceptor in this chain is amicyanin, a blue copper protein (Husain M, Davidson VL 1985), while in Methylophilus methylotrophus W3A1, which lacks the gene for amicyanin (Chistoserdov AY et al. 1994) the initial acceptor is a cytochrome c552 (Chandrasekar R Clapper MH 1986). In the case of P. denitrificans, in vitro studies suggest that the acceptor following amicyanin in the electron transfer chain is cytochrome c551i(Husain M, Davidson VL 1986). All three proteins are induced when these bacteria are grown on methylamine as the sole carbon source.
Forward-Projected Model-Based Iterative Reconstruction in Screening Low-Dose Chest CT: Comparison With Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction 3D

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study is to compare forward-projected model-based iterative reconstruction solution (FIRST), a newer fully iterative CT reconstruction method, with adaptive iterati...
Circular RNA expression and function in the brain.

Abstract Within the last decade, active research on circular RNAs (circRNAs) has dramatically improved our understanding of the expression and function of these non-coding RNAs. While several mechanisms for circRNA function have been proposed, including sequestration of microRNAs and regulation of cellular proteins, studies provide evidence that circRNAs can regulate transcription and may also serve as biomarkers. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the brain, and the dynamic transcriptional mechanisms that support neurobiological pathways, the influence of circRNAs is potentially extensive. Understanding how circRNAs contribute to key neurological pathways will fill gaps in our understanding of brain function and provide valuable insight into novel therapeutic approaches to treat neurological diseases. Here, we review recent research on circRNA expression in the brain, describe the proposed functions of circRNAs, and evaluate the role of circRNAs in neurological diseases.
Psychosocial risk and management of physical diseases

During the 40 years since the Yale conference on Behavioral Medicine and the founding of the Journal of Behavioral Medicine considerable progress has been made in understanding the role of psychosocial risk and management of physical diseases. We here describe the development of these fundamental concepts from early research on stress through studies of the Type A behavior pattern to more contemporary approaches to the relationship between psychosocial risks and benefits in relation to disease processes. This includes the relationship of psychosocial risk to cancers, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cardiometabolic disorders, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Human Immune Deficiency Syndrome. During the past 40 years the effects of prolonged distress responses in the pathogenesis of some cancers and CVD have been well-established and modifiable behavioral, cognitive and social factors have been shown to produce favorable outcome components in the management of such diseases as breast cancer, coronary heart disease and HIV.
Engineering with biomolecular motors (Conference Presentation)

Motor proteins, including kinesin, can serve as biological components in engineered nanosystems. A proof-of-principle application is a "smart dust" biosensor for the remote detection of biological and chemical agents. The development of this system requires the integration of a diverse set of technologies, illustrates the complexity of biophysical mechanisms, and enables the formulation of general principles for nanoscale engineering. For example, our most recent work created a molecular system that is capable of dynamically assembling and disassembling its building blocks while retaining its functionality, and demonstrates the possibility of self-healing and adaptation. Optical techniques are a key tool to interrogate and interact with these nanosystems as they enable non-destructive measurements with nanometer precision as well as the control of chemical events at the nanoscale. The presentation will highlight the important contributions of photonics to the study of active nanosystems.
Peak shape analysis of deep level transient spectra: An alternative to the Arrhenius plot

A new deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique is described, called half-width at variable intensity analysis. This method utilizes the width and normalized intensity of a DLTS signal to determine the activation energy and capture cross section of the trap that generated the signal via a variable, kO. This constant relates the carrier emission rates giving rise to the differential capacitance signal associated with a given trap at two different temperatures: the temperature at which the maximum differential capacitance is detected, and an arbitrary temperature at which some nonzero differential capacitance signal is detected. The extracted activation energy of the detected trap center is used along with the position of the peak maximum to extract the capture cross section of the trap center.
Winter Photographs in Cadastral Surveying (A Suggestion)

There are obvious reasons why winter photographs are not suitable for general mapping of the country. In cadastral mapping, however, there are certain economic and technical arguments for the use o...
Prescription patterns and opioid usage in sinonasal surgery.

BACKGROUND Excess opioid use after surgery contributes to opiate misuse and diversion. Understanding opioid prescribing and utilization patterns after sinonasal surgery is critical in designing effective practice protocols. In this study we aim to identify factors associated with variable opioid usage and further delineate optimal prescription patterns for sinonasal surgery. METHODS All patients undergoing sinonasal surgery within a single health-care system from March 2017 to August 2018 were sent electronic postoperative surveys. Data were collected on the amount of opioid required, pain control, presurgical opiate use, and narcotic disposal. Additional data collected from the electronic medical record included demographics, type of surgery performed, and total amount of opioid prescribed, including refills. RESULTS Three-hundred sixty four patients were included. A mean number of 25.3 tablets were prescribed per patient, yet the mean taken was just 11.8 tablets. Excess opioids were prescribed 84.9% of the time with a mean excess narcotic in oral morphine equivalents of 152.5. Among patients, 11.8% reported using no opioids, whereas 52.1% used 50% of their narcotic prescription. Patients used 9.3% of their full prescription and only 2.6% required a refill. The amount used was not associated with complexity of endoscopic sinus surgery, type of opiate prescribed, gender, distance living from hospital, or current opioid usage before surgery (p > 0.05). The addition of septoplasty and/or turbinoplasty was associated with variation in opioid usage (p < 0.001). A total of 76.1% of patients incorrectly discarded/stored excess opiates. CONCLUSION Opioids are overprescribed after sinonasal surgery. The amount of postoperative opiate prescribed should be greatly reduced and may be based on the specific procedures performed. Improved patient education regarding disposal of excess narcotics may help to curtail future opioid diversion.
Abstract I12: CD40 immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF receptor superfamily that upon activation can license dendritic cells (DC) to promote antitumor T-cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Mechanistically, the combination of chemotherapy followed by CD40 mAb functions as an “in situ” vaccine; in addition, destruction of stroma by CD40-activated macrophages may enhance chemotherapy delivery. In a recent study sponsored by the Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy plus CD40 mAb APX005M, with or without PD-1 nivolumab mAb, we found the objective response rate among 30 patients with untreated, metastatic pancreatic cancer was more than 50% in the DLT-evaluable population. 13 patients experienced an AE leading to discontinuation, and 10 patients experienced a treatment-related serious AE. Two DLTs were observed, grade 3 and 4 febrile neutropenia, respectively. A three-arm randomized study of gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel with APX005M, or with nivolumab, or with both APX005M and nivolumab has completed enrollment. Evidence to date suggests that CD40 activation is a critical and nonredundant mechanism to convert “cold” tumors to “hot” (with prominent tumor infiltration of T cells), sensitizing them to checkpoint inhibition. Citation Format: Robert H. Vonderheide. CD40 immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr I12.
The professional sabbatical: A systematic review and considerations for the health-system pharmacist.

Abstract Background Sabbaticals are considered a professional development experience meant to foster growth and revitalize careers. The personal accounts of sabbaticals among medical professionals indicate high value from this experience. Benefits seen at the institutional and individual level include, but are not limited to, reduced burnout and increased job retention. Staffing issues, determining eligibility, and justifying time utilized may be just some barriers to implementing a sabbatical program accessible to the health-system pharmacist. In the literature, there is a dearth of information related to sabbaticals granted to the health-system pharmacist. However, many published experiences of nurses and physicians exist. Objectives A systematic review was performed to synthesize a qualitative yet evidence-based summary of information regarding sabbaticals. The primary aim of this review was to assess the reported benefits and prohibitive factors of taking a sabbatical as it may apply to the health-system pharmacist. Methods Three hundred twenty-eight English-language articles were identified through searching Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and Scopus from database inception through December 6, 2019. Results A total of 172 articles consisting of studies, descriptions of institutional processes, individual accounts, editorials and letters to the editor, and review articles were included in this systematic review. Rejuvenation and new perspectives/skills to bring back to practice should be regarded as important benefits by institutional/departmental leadership as well as the benefits of reduced turnover and improved job satisfaction. Numerous barriers to completing a sabbatical can be overcome with proper planning. Conclusion This review provides limited insight into benefits and barriers to taking sabbaticals and serves as a basis for health-system pharmacy departments to consider initiating a program if one is not currently in place. Mini-sabbaticals may allow the health-system pharmacist to take a professional time away. Corollaries are drawn between a longitudinal pharmacy research award granted at Mayo Clinic – Rochester and ideas are provided for clinical or educational sabbaticals. It is clear that health-system pharmacy-specific information is lacking, and pharmacy department leadership should be encouraged to continue to share experiences of sabbaticals and outcomes.