cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Face Fly and Horn Fly Control on Cattle—1962-64

Investigations were conducted during the fly seasons in 1962, 1963, and 1964 to control the face fly, Musca autumnalis De Geer, and the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.), with various insecticides applied under field conditions. Self-treatment devices such as the 3-cable back rubber and dust bags were used mainly; some salt-insecticide mixtures were included. The insecticides included in the fly-control applications were: ronnel, coumaphos, dichlorvos, carbaryl, diazinon, malathion, lindane, methoxychlor, dimethoate, dimetilan, Silikil® (amorphous silica gel 95.5%, ammonium fluosilicate 1.5%, inert ingredients 3.0%), azinphosmethyl, trichlorfon; fenthion; Baygon® ( O -isopropoxyphenyl methylcarbamate); Ciodrin® (alpha-methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotanate dimethyl phosphate); famphur; Bayer 37344 (4-(methylthio)-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate); and Imidan® ( O, O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate). The most effective treatments for face fly reduction were hand-applied dust treatments of azinphosmethyl 50.0% WP, Ciodrin 5.0%, dimetilan 50.0% WP, and dust-bag-applications with azinphosmethyl (10.0 and 2.0%) and Baygon (2.0%). The azinphosmethyl (2.0%) back rubber also was effective. Three-cable back rubber applications provided excellent horn fly control with methoxychlor (2.0%), Imidan (2.0%), malathion (2.0%), dimethoate (2.0%), and fenthion (2.0%). Horn fly control with Baygon (2.0%) and fenthion (2.0%) dust bags also was excellent.
Improvement of the GaSb/Al 2 O 3 interface using a thin InAs surface layer

Abstract The highly reactive GaSb surface was passivated with a thin InAs layer to limit interface trap state density ( D it ) at the III–V/high-k oxide interface. This InAs surface was subjected to various cleaning processes to effectively reduce native oxides before atomic layer deposition (ALD). Ammonium sulfide pre-cleaning and trimethylaluminum/water ALD were used in conjunction to provide a clean interface and annealing in forming gas (FG) at 350 °C resulted in an optimized fabrication for n -GaSb/InAs/high-k gate stacks. Interface trap density, D it ≈ 2–3 × 10 12 cm −2 eV −1 resided near the n -GaSb conductance band which was extracted and compared with three different methods. Conductance–voltage–frequency plots showed efficient Fermi level movement and a sub-threshold slope of 200 mV/dec. A composite high-k oxide process was also developed using ALD of Al 2 O 3 and HfO 2 resulting in a D it ≈ 6–7 × 10 12 cm −2 eV −1 . Subjecting these samples to a higher (450 °C) processing temperature results in increased oxidation and a thermally unstable interface. p-GaSb displayed very fast minority carrier generation/recombination likely due to a high density of bulk traps in GaSb.
Trace reconstruction with exp(O(n1/3)) samples

In the trace reconstruction problem, an unknown bit string x ∈ {0,1}n is observed through the deletion channel, which deletes each bit of x with some constant probability q, yielding a contracted string x. How many independent copies of x are needed to reconstruct x with high probability? Prior to this work, the best upper bound, due to Holenstein, Mitzenmacher, Panigrahy, and Wieder (2008), was exp(O(n1/2)). We improve this bound to exp(O(n1/3)) using statistics of individual bits in the output and show that this bound is sharp in the restricted model where this is the only information used. Our method, that uses elementary complex analysis, can also handle insertions. Similar results were obtained independently and simultaneously by Anindya De, Ryan O'Donnell and Rocco Servedio.
Preference Heterogeneity in the Structural Estimation of Efficient Pigovian Incentives for Insecticide Spraying to Reduce Malaria

This paper bridges the theoretical and empirical literatures on the role of preference heterogeneity in characterizing externalities related to disease transmission. We use a theoretical structure similar to locational sorting models, which characterize equilibria in terms of marginal individuals who are indifferent between locations. In our case, the ‘locations’ are binary, consisting of whether or not to take a discrete preventative action. Individual heterogeneity arises in this structure due to variation in the costs and disutility associated with prevention. We demonstrate application of this approach in the context of participation in insecticide-based indoor residual spraying programs for malaria control in northern Uganda. We identify the parameters of our theoretical model using a stated preference choice experiment combined with estimates from published epidemiological studies. The model implies that Pigovian subsidies for participation in this context should decrease household malaria risk by 19–25%. Our approach can be applied to other bioeconomic externalities with spillovers from discrete preventative actions, including agricultural pest management and the control of pest infestations and invasive species.
Development and implementation of a local government survey to measure community supports for healthy eating and active living

The ability to make healthy choices is influenced by where one lives, works, shops, and plays. Locally enacted policies and standards can influence these surroundings but little is known about the prevalence of such policies and standards that support healthier behaviors. In this paper, we describe the development of a survey questionnaire designed to capture local level policy supports for healthy eating and active living and findings and lessons learned from a 2012 pilot in two states, Minnesota and California, including respondent burden, survey sampling and administration methods, and survey item feasibility issues. A 38-item, web-based, self-administered survey and sampling frame were developed to assess the prevalence of 22 types of healthy eating and active living policies in a representative sample of local governments in the two states. The majority of respondents indicated the survey required minimal effort to complete with half taking < 20 min to complete the survey. A non-response follow-up plan including emails and phone calls was required to achieve a 68% response rate (versus a 37% response rate for email only reminders). Local governments with larger residential populations reported having healthy eating and active living policies and standards more often than smaller governments. Policies that support active living were more common than those that support healthy eating and varied within the two states. The methods we developed are a feasible data collection tool for estimating the prevalence of municipal healthy eating and active living policies and standards at the state and national level.
Lower bounds on the minimax risk for the source localization problem

The “source localization” problem is one in which we estimate the location of a point source observed through a diffusive medium using an array of sensors. We obtain lower bounds on the minimax risk (mean squared-error in location) in estimating the location of the source, which apply to all estimators, for certain classes of diffusive media, when using a uniformly distributed sensor array. We show that for sensors of a fixed size, the lower bound decays to zero with increasing numbers of sensors. We also analyze a more physical sensor model to understand the effect of shrinking the size of sensors as their number increases to infinity, wherein the bound saturates for large sensor numbers. In this scenario, it is seen that there is greater benefit to increasing the number of sensors as the signal-to-noise ratio increases. Our bounds are the first to give a scaling for the minimax risk in terms of the number of sensors used.
Aphasia As a Predictor of Stroke Outcome

Aphasia is a common feature of stroke, affecting 21–38% of acute stroke patients and an estimated 1 million stroke survivors. Although stroke, as a syndrome, is the leading cause of disability in the USA, less is known about the independent impact of aphasia on stroke outcomes. During the acute stroke period, aphasia has been found to increase length of stay, inpatient complications, overall neurological disability, mortality, and to alter discharge disposition. Outcomes during the sub-acute and chronic stroke periods show that aphasia is associated with lower Functional Independence Measures (FIM) scores, longer stays in rehabilitation settings, poorer function in activities of daily living, and mortality. Factors that complicate the analysis of aphasia on post-stroke outcomes, however, include widely different systems of care across international settings that result in varying admission patterns to acute stroke units, allowable length of stays based on reimbursement, and criteria for rehabilitation placement. Aphasia arising from stroke is associated with worse outcomes both in the acute and chronic periods. Future research will have to incorporate disparate patterns in analytic models, and to take into account specific aphasia profiles and evolving methods of post-stroke speech-language therapy.
Polished, Collarless, Tapered, Cemented Stems for Primary Hip Arthroplasty May Exhibit High Rate of Periprosthetic Fracture at Short-Term Follow-Up.

Abstract Background Cemented stems are designed to follow 1 of 2 principles of fixation: composite beams or slide taper. Stems in the latter category have a collarless, polished, tapered (CPT) design and subside into the cement mantle, creating hoop stresses. We compared the rate of periprosthetic fracture (PPF) of stem designed with these 2 principles of fixation. In addition, we examined radiographic factors that may predispose to the development of PPF. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent primary THA by a single surgeon using highly polished cemented stems. PPF rates were compared between CPT stems (follow-up, 21 months; standard deviation [SD], 22) and composite beam stems (follow-up, 21.7 months; SD, 26). Demographic data were compared between patients with and without a PPF. Three preoperative radiographic parameters (canal bone ratio [CBR], canal-calcar ratio, and canal flare index), stem alignment, and cement mantle were compared in match-paired patients with and without a PPF (1:34). Results Seven of 1460 THA patients developed a PPF (0.479%); 4 hips of 185 with a CPT stem (2.2%); and 3 of 1275 hips with a composite beam stem (0.23%; P = .0064). Three of the 4 PPFs in the CPT group and none in the composite beam group were classified as Vancouver B2. The CBR in patients with a PPF was 0.50 (SD, 0.07) and 0.43 (SD, 0.07) in the match cohort of hips without PPF (P = .013). Conclusion CPT stems may be associated with a higher risk of PPF that often require reoperation. An increased CBR may be a risk factor for postoperative PPF.
Use of a Content-Based Science Narrative to Develop Situational Interest Within a Digital Game

Many studies reveal that better learning results when situational interest within a text is high (Schraw and Lehman, Educ Psychol Rev 13:23–52, 2001). This chapter summarizes the theoretical perspectives of situational interest, games and narratives, and how their intersection can promote three-dimensional science learning. The development of a content-specific narrative for a digital science inquiry game called Surf’s Up Science (SUS) was used to teach middle school students about ocean currents’ effects on local weather. An iterative design-based research method was used to evaluate and improve the game mechanics and narrative. An analysis of the empirical evidence used to inform the design and development of the game is presented with a focus on the role of the narrative throughout the game design process.
Profiling Redox and Energy Coenzymes in Whole Blood, Tissue and Cells Using NMR Spectroscopy

Coenzymes of cellular redox reactions and cellular energy, as well as antioxidants mediate biochemical reactions fundamental to the functioning of all living cells. Conventional analysis methods lack the opportunity to evaluate these important redox and energy coenzymes and antioxidants in a single step. Major coenzymes include redox coenzymes: NAD+ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), NADP+ (oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate); energy coenzymes: ATP (adenosine triphosphate), ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and AMP (adenosine monophosphate); and antioxidants: GSSG (oxidized glutathione) and GSH (reduced glutathione). We show here that a simple 1H NMR experiment can measure these coenzymes and antioxidants in tissue and whole blood apart from a vast pool of other metabolites. In addition, focused on the goal of identification of coenzymes in subcellular fractions, we demonstrate analysis of coenzymes in the cytoplasm using breast cancer cells. Owing to their unstable nature, or low concentrations, most of the coenzymes either evade detection or lose their integrity when established sample preparation and analysis methods are used. To overcome this challenge, here we describe the development of new methods to detect these molecules without affecting the integrity of other metabolites. We used an array of 1D and 2D NMR methods, chemical shift databases, pH measurements and spiking with authentic compounds to establish the identity of peaks for the coenzymes and antioxidants in NMR spectra. Interestingly, while none of the coenzymes and antioxidants were detected in plasma, they were abundant in whole blood. Considering that the coenzymes and antioxidants represent a sensitive measure of human health and risk for numerous diseases, the presented NMR methods to measure them in one step potentially open new opportunities in the metabolomics field.
UV-B-Inducible and Constitutive Genes that Mediate Repair and Toleration Of UV-Damaged DNA in the Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Plant responses to UV-induced DNA damage are of particular interest because plants are exposed almost continuously to the sunlight on which they depend for energy and developmental signals. The small crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana is an ideal model plant for genetic and molecular biological studies of DNA-damage-repair/toleration (DRT) responses. We previously showed that Arabidopsis plants primarily used photoreaction to remove cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), the major UV photoproducts in DNA, from their genomes; excision repair of CPDs was about 5% as efficient. Arabidopsis photoreactivating enzyme (photolyase) levels are developmentally regulated (more activity in midlife than young plants), and inducible by UV treatment of plants.
LOW-LEVEL LIQUID SCINTILLATION COUNTING AND EVALUATION OF COUNTING SOLUTIONS OF 14C and 3H

Abstract Recent developments of the liquid scintillation radiocarbon dating method for sample preparation and the liquid scintillation counter have made it possible for one to detect natural levels of 14 C and 3 H with more sensitivity than existing methods allow. This paper discusses sample preparation methods and counting instruments used in natural 14 C and 3 H analyses. The method involves trimerization of acetylene produced from the sample to benzene. Acetylene is produced from 14 C containing sample by lithium carbide formation, and from 3 H sample by calcium carbide hydrolysis. Catalysts commercially available for this trimerization are evaluated for chemical yield and impurities in benzene. The modification and detection sensitivity of a liquid scintillation counter for low level counting is also described. Various counting solutions employing the benzene system are compared using different scintillators for the optimum counting solution for 14 C and 3 H.
The Dynamics of DNA Topoisomerase IIα in Living Cells

Here we describe methods to prepare a mammalian expression plasmid encoding EGFP fused to the amino terminus of human DNA topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα). This plasmid is transfected into LLC-Pk cells, a porcine epithelial cell line that remains relatively flat during mitosis. After selection for stable integration, cells are cloned by serial dilution in microwells and used to grow a stable cell line expressing EGFP-TopoIIα. This line is termed LPk-GT2. Using photobleaching methods with conventional and patterned photobleaching LPk-GT2 cells are used demonstrate the rapid dynamics of TopoIIα exchange in both interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes. These rapid dynamics are dependent on enzyme activity since ICRF159 a catalytic inhibitor of TopoIIα, slows dynamics significantly.
Regulation of free calmodulin levels in neurons by neuromodulin: relationship to neuronal growth and regeneration.

Publisher Summary Neuromodulin, originally designated P-57, is a neurospecific calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein that is identified by the virtue of its novel CaM- binding properties and implicated in neurite extension, axonal elongation, and long-term potentiation. Neuromodulin is found in high concentrations in neuronal growth cone membranes. Phosphorylation of neuromodulin by protein kinase C causes the dissociation of calmodulin and phosphoneuromodulin is a substrate for the calmoduinsensitive phosphatase, calcineurin. Neuromodulin may function to bind and concentrate calmodulin on growth cone membranes and stimulation of protein kinase C may release high local concentrations of calmodulin in the growth cone. This chapter discusses the discovery of neuromodulin as a CaM-binding protein. It also reviews the distribution of neuromodulin within brain. Neuromodulin is the most abundant CaM-binding protein in brain and its concentration is comparable to CaM itself. The chapter highlights the physical properties of neuromodulin and explains primary amino acid sequence of neuromodulin and the identification of its CaM-binding domain. It further reviews the regulation of CaM binding to neuromodulin by protein kinase C phosphorylation and calcineurin dephosphorylation and cloning of complimentary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding neuromodulin and expression of the protein in Escherichia coli.
Palin as Supermom: Conservative Ideology, Motherhood and Running for Elective Office

This paper broadens our understanding of politically active conservative women by analyzing how Republican women elected officials and professional activists negotiate the tension between traditional views of motherhood and their desire to engage politically. This tension was exposed nationally when Sarah Palin, a mother of five, was nominated by Republican presidential candidate John McCain to be his running mate. Palin’s vice presidential bid generated significant controversy and national debate. Shaping many of these conversations was one important fact – that Palin is the mother of young children. References to her gender and maternal status influenced the campaign and generated public discussions about whether or not mothers of young children should seek elective office. Leaving aside the specific case of Palin, I consider her candidacy as a canvas upon which deliberations about motherhood and politics can be considered. I examine public statements from national conservative women’s organizations about Palin’s bid for office and find that these leaders have transformed conservative rhetoric about motherhood to construct a new conservative supermom.
A Collaborative Approach to Improving Health Care for Children With Developmental Disabilities

* Abbreviations: ACP — : adaptive care plan PRAP — : Psychosocial Risk Assessment in Pediatrics According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 in 6 children living in the United States has at least 1 developmental disability.1 Developmental disabilities encompass a wide range of conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, learning disorders, intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, moderate to profound hearing loss, blindness, stuttering, seizures, and cerebral palsy.2 Children with developmental disabilities are more likely than typically developing children to experience health care encounters.3 Although health care encounters can be difficult experiences for all children, many children with developmental disabilities have increased difficulties and struggle to cope and cooperate with health care appointments, expressing this through challenging behaviors. Challenging behaviors during appointments include difficulties complying with the demands of medical examinations and procedures, self-injurious behaviors, hyperactivity, aggression toward others, and destruction of property4; unfortunately, this may result in missed appointments and delayed care.5 Furthermore, many health care providers, including physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals, do not feel prepared to handle such behaviors during appointments.6 Parents and health care providers both agree that challenging behaviors prevent children from having productive health care encounters.7 Medical staff are in the position and well suited to adapt the overall health care experience (including the physical environment) to allow these children access to necessary medical care. Therefore, primary care physicians and other medical staff can alter the way they provide services to parents and children with developmental disabilities with strategies that augment family-centered care. Within family-centered care, medical staff engage families … Address correspondence to Melissa Liddle, MA, CCLS, CTRS, Department of Child Life and Integrative Care, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: melissa.liddle{at}cchmc.org
Barriers and Gateways to Forgiveness in the Workplace: New Directions in Theory and Research

Over the past decade, scholarly interest in forgiveness in the workplace has been rapidly increasing. However, there have been numerous questions raised related to the effects of forgiveness in the...
Shareholder loyalty and firm value creating outcomes in Kenya

The study aimed at examining the effect of shareholder loyalty on firm value-creating outcomes in Kenya. The study used a sample of 117 institutional shareholders in listed firms in Kenya. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, and median and inferential statistics including factor analysis, regression, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study concluded that shareholder loyalty has no significant effect on firm value-creating outcomes. The study contributes to the literature on shareholder engagement, particulary on shareholder loyalty from a Kenyan angle. Shareholders are advised to consider their initial cost of investment, costs, and penalties on exit and impact on their business interests with the firm as they decide on their voice or exit actions.
Attenuation correction in a combined, single-gantry breast PET-Tomosynthesis scanner

We are currently building a breast PET-Tomosynthesis scanner integrated in a single gantry providing spatially co-registered 3D PET-Tomosynthesis images. We hypothesize the breast tomosynthesis scanner can aid in improving PET quantitation by improving attenuation correction (AC) based on identification of the tissue-types present in the breast tomosynthesis image. The PET detector consists of a 32 x 32 array of 1.5x1.5x15 mm3 LYSO crystals. The PET scanner utilizes two detector heads separated by 9 cm, with each detector head having a 4x2 arrangement of the PET detectors. GATE simulations were performed with anthropomorphic breast phantom that under clinical compression measured 6.8 x 12.6 x 6.15 cm3 in size. While the Virtual Clinical Trial (VCT) environment permits the definition of a variety of tissues, our study limited the tissue classification to air, breast tissue, adipose, & skin. Four FDG-avid lesions, each 5 mm in diameter were also simulated within the breast. GATE simulation data was converted to list-mode format & image reconstruction performed with a blob-based iterative algorithm using a 300 ps TOF kernel. Reconstruction either excluded AC, or, utilized tissue segmentation & classification to perform AC. Initial studies demonstrate that AC is necessary to measure the true tracer uptake. It also demonstrates that a homogeneous tissue model provides a relatively close estimate of the true radiotracer uptake. The lesion activity concentration was overestimated by only 1.9% when AC was performed using the DBT image, demonstrating the feasibility to perform accurate quantitation with the combined breast PET-DBT scanner.
Frequency-based multiband adaptive compression for hearing aid application

Multi-band Dynamic Range (MBDR) Compression is a key part of the signal processing operation in hearing aid devices (HADs). Operating speed of the MBDR compressor plays an important role in preserving the quality and intelligibility of the output signal. Traditional fast-acting compressor preserves the audible cues in quiet speech but, in presence of surrounding noise, it can degrade the sound quality by introducing pumping and breathing effects. Alternatively, slow-acting compressor maintains the temporal cues and the listening comfort but may provide inadequate gain for soft inputs that come right after loud inputs. HADs may operate in a variable acoustic environment. Therefore, a fixed speed in compression might affect the performance of the hearing aids. In this study, we propose a frequency(FFT) based nine-band adaptive MBDR compression which uses spectral flux as a measure of the intensity change in input level to adapt the speed of the compressor in each band. Gain, threshold and compression ratio of the compressor for nine bands are adjusted based on the audiogram of the hearing impaired patient. The proposed frequency-based adaptive MBDR compression method is implemented on smartphone. The objective and subjective test results demonstrate the performance of proposed method compared to fixed compression approaches.
Variations in Care for Breastfed Infants Admitted to US Children’s Hospitals: A Multicenter Survey of Inpatient Providers

BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed an association between hospitalization of breastfed infants and weaning posthospitalization. It is unknown what steps inpatient providers at children’s hospitals are currently taking to support breastfeeding mothers of hospitalized infants, their comfort providing breastfeeding counseling, and what training they receive. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter survey study of pediatric providers who care for infants hospitalized at 3 urban, tertiary-care children’s hospitals over a 12-month period. A convenience sample of nurses, residents, and attending physicians agreed to participate. Participants completed a 24-question questionnaire addressing provider practices, comfort with breastfeeding counseling, and previous breastfeeding education. Data were summarized as medians (interquartile ranges) and frequencies (percentages). Kruskal-Wallis and χ2 tests were used to compare between provider types. RESULTS: A total of 361 out of 1097 (33%) eligible providers completed the survey: 133 (21%) nurses, 166 (45%) residents, and 62 (63%) attending physicians. Provider practices varied by provider type. We observed a general trend that providers do not routinely review breastfeeding techniques, directly observe feeds, or use standardized breastfeeding assessment tools. Residents and attending physicians were more likely than nurses to feel comfortable with breastfeeding counseling (P = .02). Residents were more likely than nurses and attending physicians to have received breastfeeding education in the last 3 years (P CONCLUSIONS: Practices, comfort, and previous education varied by provider type. There was a general pattern that providers do not routinely perform certain practices. Further studies are needed to determine if inpatient provider practices affect weaning posthospitalization and if inpatient quality improvement initiatives will help mothers continue breastfeeding posthospitalization.
LHC dijet angular distributions as a probe for the dimension-six triple gluon vertex

Abstract In the absence of a concrete discovery of new physics at the LHC, global analyses of the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) are important to find and describe the impact of new physics beyond the energy reach of the LHC. Among the SMEFT operators that can be constrained via various measurements, the dimension six triple gluon operator involves neither the Higgs boson nor the top quark, yet its variation can have measurable effects on top and Higgs production. Without independent constraints on its impact, the sensitivity of measurements in the top and Higgs sectors to new physics is reduced. Previous analyses have used various techniques to constrain the influence of the triple gluon operator. We show that the dijet angular distribution is a powerful observable for probing the triple gluon operator because of the different helicity structure of the dimension-six interaction, namely the lack of a t-channel exchange term, as compared with expectations from QCD. Using this novel approach, we set the most stringent limit on the size of the triple gluon effective coupling by reinterpreting the results of a search for new phenomena in dijet events using 35.9 fb−1 of pp collision data collected at s = 13 TeV performed by the CMS Collaboration.
The Lone Wolf: Finding Support Networks for Solo Faculty

Being a first-year faculty member or an un-tenured faculty member presents its own set of unique challenges. Further compounding this challenge, is being a solo faculty member in a program. As a pr...
Evaluation of the Antihemostatic and Antithrombotic Effects of Lowering Coagulation Factor VII Levels in a Non-human Primate

Tissue factor (TF) and factor (F) VII, components of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, are essential for hemostatic plug formation in response to injury; less clear are their roles in propagating thrombosis, as observational data in humans with congenital FVII deficiency suggests persistent thrombotic and bleeding risk even at significantly decreased FVII levels. We aimed to define the contribution of FVII to thrombus formation and hemostasis using a non-human primate model. We treated baboons with a FVII antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and measured platelet and fibrin deposition inside and distal to collagen- or TF-coated vascular grafts. We assessed hemostasis by measuring bleeding time (BT) and prothrombin time (PT). Enoxaparin and vehicle treatments served as controls. FVII–ASO treatment reduced FVII levels by 95% and significantly increased both the PT and BT. Lowering FVII levels did not decrease platelet deposition in collagen- or TF-coated grafts, in thrombi distal to the grafts, or fibrin content of either collagen- and TF-coated grafts. Lowering FVII levels were associated with a modest 25% reduction in platelet deposition at 60 min in the distal thrombus tail of TF-coated grafts only. FVII inhibition by way of ASO is feasible yet significantly impairs hemostasis while only exhibiting antithrombotic effects when thrombosis is initiated by vessel wall surface-associated TF exposure.
Reversal of sepsis‐induced T cell dysfunction: OX‐40 to the rescue?

The study of Unsinger and colleagues provide important insights into OX40 mediated immunotherapy as a potential approach for the treatment of sepsis induced immune suppression.
Domestic Terrorism Prevent Act of 2021 Threatens Civil Liberty

The Domestic Terrorism Prevent Act of 2021 allows executive agency applies material support for terrorism to American Citizens in the United States. It allows the executive agencies to define who are "Domestic Terrorists" and to effect define the crimes instead of the legislature. Executive Agencies are given free rein to target anyone with unfavorable views for investigation and prosecution threatening the basic civil liberties of all Americans and the foundations of the American Republic.
Geographic reach considerations for intervention analysis and crime prevention

This study provides an evaluation of a park amenity, a fenced dog enclosure, on crime in its vicinity. This study also includes geographic variability and assesses the intervention’s impact at multiple distances from the intervention. This study uses an interrupted time series analysis focused on a before-and-after comparison. Monthly incidents of police calls-for-service (CFS) from 2010 to 2016 are analyzed (n = 84). We analyze two series: (1) within 50 feet of the intervention site; and (2) within 700 feet of the intervention. After the installation of the dog park, CFS within 50 feet of the intervention increased (b = 0.776, p 0.05). This work found that the dog park intervention increased CFS immediately around the park, and that decisions regarding level of geographic aggregation can change the conclusions of an evaluation.
[4]Identification and functional analysis of mutations in the human PAX6 gene

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the identification and functional analysis of mutations in the human PAX6 gene. One class of human disorders only recently subjected to mutation analysis at the molecular level includes those responsible for congenital malformation syndromes. In several cases, these syndromes are because of mutations in transcription factors. The chapter presents a review on the methodologies employed to detect and to analyze the functional consequences of mutations in one such transcription factor, which is encoded by the PAX6 developmental control gene. Mutations in PAX6 are responsible for a dominantly inherited defect of human ocular and central nervous system (CNS) development, called “aniridia.” PAX6 belongs to a family of evolutionarily conserved Pax genes, unified by the presence of a paired box, which encodes a 128-amino acid bipartite DNA-binding domain. Because the loss of function mutations in Pax genes give rise to semidominant phenotypes, PAX mutations have been identified in a number of human and mouse developmental syndromes, such as aniridia (PAX6), Waardenburg's syndrome (PAX3), and renal agenesis with coloboma (PAX2). Thus, the identification of PAX gene mutations has a direct clinical relevance. In addition, human PAX gene mutations provide valuable insight into the molecular function of PAX gene products. The chapter presents a review on a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) assay for detecting mutations in the human PAX6 gene and discusses methods pertinent to the functional analysis of PAX6 mutations.
Improved Composition‐Property Relations in Silicate Glasses, Part I: Viscosity

For the first time, several silicate glass property databases were analyzed without using any a priori knowledge of the details of bonding and lumped as a single group, as a function of the chemical composition. The viscosity of over 300 compositions including soda-lime glasses, borosilicates, glasses with high alkaline earth content, NIST glass viscosity standards, lead silicates, fluorosilicates, and phospho-silicates have been examined. Using multiple regression modeling, linear and multiplicative relations between the chemical composition and several properties, e.g. viscosity, thermal expansion, density, refractive index, electrical conductivity were developed. In this paper the modeling of the viscosity versus composition is discussed. The described relations have been found to link data of different authors and compositions into one global equation which (a) allows validation of glass property datasets, (b) quantifies the influences of glass components and component interactions, and (c) allows some conclusions regarding the nature of glass. The analysis so far makes it possible to estimate the viscosity
Leucemic pericarditis: Report of a case of lymphatic leucemia in which massive pericardial effusion was the earliest and most outstanding manifestation

Abstract 1. 1. A case of lymphatic leucemia is reported, in which a massive pericardial effusion, simulating the tuberculous variety, was the only striking abnormality early in the course of the disease. 2. 2. The difficulty in making the correct diagnosis during the aleucemic stage is discussed. 3. 3. The subsequent development of enlarged lymph nodes and the characteristic leucocytosis enabled a correct diagnosis to be made before death, and this was confirmed by necropsy. 4. 4. Emphasis is placed upon the necessity of demonstrating the tubercle bacillus in the pericardial fluid, whenever a diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis is entertained.
One Shield, Two Responses: Anti‐U.S. Missile Defense Shield Protests in the Czech Republic and Poland

What is the role of civil society in geopolitical conflict? The crisis in Ukraine has, once again, raised questions over security in the post-communist world. This article examines the puzzling variation in the antimissile defense shield protests in the Czech Republic and Poland (2007-09) to elucidate the conditions under which civil society emerges as a significant actor in international politics. Activists in the Czech Republic staged seven times as many antishield protests as their Polish counterparts despite the two countries' similar levels of popular opposition to the project. The variation in the responses of the Polish and Czech activists resulted from the different material and legacy-driven ideological constraints faced by the civil society organizations. The findings suggest that the scholarship on contentious civic activism should take organization-level opportunities and constraints seriously when analyzing the impact of civil society on political processes. Related Articles Stegmaier, Mary, and Klara Vlachova. 2009. “The Endurance of the Czech Communist Party.” Politics & Policy 37 (4): 799–820. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00199.x/abstract Smyth, Regina. 2014. “The Putin Factor: Personalism, Protest, and Regime Stability in Russia.” Politics & Policy 42 (4): 567–592. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12080/abstract Ishiyama, John. 2006. “Europeanization and the Communist Successor Parties in Post-Communist Politics.” Politics & Policy 34 (1): 3–29. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2006.00002.x/abstract Related Media NATO. 2013. “NATO - Ballistic Missile Defence Overview.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LPdmxnBkIU Associated Press. 2008. “U.S., Czech Republic Sign Defense Agreement.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BCGYT6fGesM Biberman, Yelena. 2009. “Back on the Radar.” http://russiaprofile.org/international/a1248803550/print_edition ?Cual es el papel de la sociedad civil en los conflictos geopoliticos? Una vez mas, la crisis en Ucrania ha planteado preguntas sobre la seguridad en el mundo postcomunista. Este articulo investiga el cambio inesperado en las protestas del escudo de defensa antimisiles en la Republica Checa y Polonia (2007-2009) para establecer las condiciones en las cuales la sociedad civil surge como un actor significativo en la politica internacional. Los activistas en la Republica Checa organizaron siete veces mas protestas en contra del escudo que sus contrapartes en Polonia, a pesar que ambos paises mostraban niveles similares de oposicion al proyecto. Su muestra que la variacion en respuesta al proyecto de activistas checos y polacos son el resultado de diferentes restricciones materiales e ideologicas enfrentadas por las organizaciones de la sociedad civil. Estos resultados sugieren que las investigaciones en activismo civico deben de tomar en cuenta seriamente oportunidades y restricciones a nivel organizacion cuando se analice el impacto de la sociedad civil en el proceso politico.
Shape Changes of Deformable Spherical Membranes with $n$-atic Order

We present the existence of the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition for $n$-atic tangent-plane order on a deformable spherical surface and investigate the development of quasi-long range $n$-atic order and the continuous shape changes below the KT transition in the low temperature limit. The $n$-atic order parameter $\psi= \exp[in\Theta]$ describes, respectively, vector, nematic, and hexatic order for $n=1,2,$ and 6. We derive a Coulomb gas Hamiltonian to describe it. We then convert it into the sine-Gordon Hamiltonian and find a linear coupling between a scalar field and the Gaussian curvature. After integrating over the shape fluctuations, we obtain the massive sine-Gordon Hamiltonian, where the interaction between vortices is screened. We find, for $n^{2}K_{n}/\kappa \ll 1/4$, there is an effective KT transition. In the ordered phase, tangent-plane $n$-atic order expels the Gaussian curvature. In addition, the total vorticity of orientational order on a surface of genus zero is two. Thus, the ordered phase of an $n$-atic on such a surface will have $2n$ vortices of strength $1/n$, $2n$ zeros in its order parameter, and a nonspherical equilibrium shape. Our calculations are based on a phenomenological model with a gauge-like coupling between $\psi$ and curvature and close to the Abrikosov treatment of a type II superconductor.
Saccadic gain modification: visual error drives motor adaptation

The brain maintains the accuracy of saccadic eye movements by adjusting saccadic amplitude relative to the target distance (i.e., saccade gain) on the basis of the performance of recent saccades. If an experimenter surreptitiously moves the target backward during each saccade, thereby causing the eyes to land beyond their targets, saccades undergo a gradual gain reduction. The error signal driving this conventional saccadic gain adaptation could be either visual (the postsaccadic distance of the target from the fovea) or motoric (the direction and size of the corrective saccade that brings the eye onto the back-stepped target). Similarly, the adaptation itself might be a motor adjustment (change in the size of saccade for a given perceived target distance) or a visual remapping (change in the perceived target distance). We studied these possibilities in experiments both with rhesus macaques and with humans. To test whether the error signal is motoric, we used a paradigm devised by Heiner Deubel. The Deubel paradigm differed from the conventional adaptation paradigm in that the backward step that occurred during the saccade was brief, and the target then returned to its original displaced location. This ploy replaced most of the usual backward corrective saccades with forward ones. Nevertheless, saccadic gain gradually decreased over hundreds of trials. Therefore, we conclude that the direction of saccadic gain adaptation is not determined by the direction of corrective saccades. To test whether gain adaptation is a manifestation of a static visual remapping, we decreased the gain of 10 degrees horizontal saccades by conventional adaptation and then tested the gain to targets appearing at retinal locations unused during adaptation. To make the target appear in such "virgin territory," we had it jump first vertically and then 10 degrees horizontally; both jumps were completed and the target spot extinguished before saccades were made sequentially to the remembered target locations. Conventional adaptation decreased the gain of the second, horizontal saccade even though the target was in a nonadapted retinal location. In contrast, the horizontal component of oblique saccades made directly to the same virgin location showed much less gain decrease, suggesting that the adaptation is specific to saccade direction rather than to target location. Thus visual remapping cannot account for the entire reduction of saccadic gain. We conclude that saccadic gain adaptation involves an error signal that is primarily visual, not motor, but that the adaptation itself is primarily motor, not visual.
High-Elevation Precipitation Patterns: Using Snow Measurements to Assess Daily Gridded Datasets across the Sierra Nevada, California*

AbstractGridded spatiotemporal maps of precipitation are essential for hydrometeorological and ecological analyses. In the United States, most of these datasets are developed using the Cooperative Observer (COOP) network of ground-based precipitation measurements, interpolation, and the Parameter–Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) to map these measurements to places where data are not available. Here, we evaluate two daily datasets gridded at ° resolution against independent daily observations from over 100 snow pillows in California’s Sierra Nevada from 1990 to 2010. Over the entire period, the gridded datasets performed reasonably well, with median total water-year errors generally falling within ±10%. However, errors in individual storm events sometimes exceeded 50% for the median difference across all stations, and in many cases, the same underpredicted storms appear in both datasets. Synoptic analysis reveals that these underpredicted storms coincide with 700-hPa winds from the...
Description Of A Unique Machine Tool Permitting Achievement Of <15-A Rms Diamond-Turned Surfaces

A new machine tool now in the final stages of development at Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories uses a unique tool motion to produce diamond-turned surfaces of exceptionally high quality. Copper surfaces of revolution have been produced with a 12.3-A rms surface finish and a contour accuracy of 75 nm. The cutting tool is programmed to move in 4 nm increments along two axes: one linear (X) axis and one circular (Omega) axis. Exceptionally stiff and accurate control of the tool is possible with this "Omega-X" system. In conjuction with a unique thermally stabilized air bearing spindle and machine calibration equipment, the Omega-X system permits a significant advance in the fabrication of optical-quality surfaces.
DreamPAK – Small form factor package

Recently there have been several developments in the areas of small form factor and high-density lead frame based IC packages. These packages have the benefits of occupying smaller PC board area, lower assembly material consumption due to their smaller volume package construction, and good thermal dissipation properties. Another area of recent development in packaging integration is system in package SIP. A SIP package can integrate various ICs in a package. For example; CPU, logic, analog, digital, discrete and passive components can be integrated in a single package. SIP provides a high level of integration capability of several functional chips. It provides good miniaturization capability for hand held portable electronic communication devices. High-density capability and flexibility in design using a substrate like chip carrier will be covered. Design flexibility covering several main stream packages equivalents will be presented. However there can be several challenges faced by the end user in assembly of these similar packages. This paper will cover the benefits of a newly developed package and how the challenges faced in the assembly downstream processes are addressed. Main assembly material consumption reduction includes wire and mold compound. Details of benefits of the relevant assembly processes would be covered including actual comparison.
Computational model of polarized actin cables and cytokinetic actin ring formation in budding yeast

The budding yeast actin cables and contractile ring are important for polarized growth and division, revealing basic aspects of cytoskeletal function. To study these formin-nucleated structures, we built a three-dimensional (3D) computational model with actin filaments represented as beads connected by springs. Polymerization by formins at the bud tip and bud neck, crosslinking, severing, and myosin pulling, are included. Parameter values were estimated from prior experiments. The model generates actin cable structures and dynamics similar to those of wild type and formin deletion mutant cells. Simulations with increased polymerization rate result in long, wavy cables. Simulated pulling by type V myosin stretches actin cables. Increasing the affinity of actin filaments for the bud neck together with reduced myosin V pulling promotes the formation of a bundle of antiparallel filaments at the bud neck, which we suggest as a model for the assembly of actin filaments to the contractile ring.