cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Care of Ophthalmic Casualties

Aeromedical evacuation (AE) is often performed in order to preserve “Life, Limb, or Eyesight.” Of these, often sight is most highly valued by patients. During AE, appropriate medical care of ocular casualties is essential. The goal is to prevent future eye injury while providing rapid and efficient transportation to a facility capable of providing ophthalmologic care. AE patients with serious ocular injuries are commonly transported as litter patients. Those who are ambulatory will require additional assistance, orientation, and guidance while entering or exiting the aircraft. Altitude-related decreases in pressure are typically not issues for most ocular injuries. Important exceptions are patients recently treated with intraocular gas or the rare occurrence of intraorbital or intraocular air after open orbit injury or ocular surgery: Decreased pressure at cruise altitude will increase gas volume and thus intraocular pressure. A sudden increase in eye pain in patients with serious ocular injuries can indicate an ophthalmologic emergency such as orbital compartment syndrome or acute glaucoma. In-flight recognition and timely response to increased symptoms in these patients is necessary to preserve sight.
Navigating British and American academic health sciences librarianship: A new professional’s perspective

The new generation of librarianship is characterized by multi-nationalism; this column discusses the transitional process between British and American health sciences librarianship, as perceived by a new professional who has recently moved from the United Kingdom to the United States.
Ethylene Polymerization with Ni(II) Diimine Complexes Generated from 8-Halo-1-naphthylamines: The Role of Equilibrating Syn/Anti Diastereomers in Determining Polymer Properties

A series of 8-halonapthalen-1-amines (6a–d, X = F, Cl, Br, I) were prepared and converted to the α-diimines of 2,3-butanedione (7a–d). The nickel dibromide and zinc dibromide complexes of these dii...
Demonstration of Improved Fuse Clearing Energy when Augmented by Ultra-Fast eFUSE Protection

This paper presents work performed to evaluate the efficacy of an ultra-fast electrically resettable fuse (eFUSE) controller toward protecting satellite busses and extending the operating life of traditional fuses in the presence of short circuit events. A brief explanation of traditional fuses and the eFUSE controller is provided. The paper walks through the lab test apparatus and stress stimuli used in the study. The lab demonstration explored burnout and resistance increase of very fast-acting metal fuses to steady-state and pulsed short-circuit events with and without augmented protection from an ultra-fast eFUSE controller.
Inference Based on Incomplete Data

The primary focus of nonparametric Bayesian approach is to draw inference about the underlying distribution function F which generates the data being analyzed. Thus the parameter of interest is F and a prior is placed on it. In this chapter, we revisit the inference problems of the last chapter but focus on incomplete data, and present the Bayesian solutions to estimation problems based mainly on the right censored data—the most common form of incomplete data, although estimators based on other sampling schemes will also be presented.Typically the data consists of a random sample (X1, …, X n ) from F and a corresponding set of censoring variables (Y1, …, Y n ), but we observe only the pairs (Z i , d i ) where Z i = min(X i , Y i ), d i = I[X i ≤ Y i ] and I[.] is the indicator function. Based on the observations (Z i , d i ) we are required to draw inference regarding F or its functional such as the survival function S = 1 − F. Various prior processes discussed in earlier chapters are used for this task. Other applications are also treated. Squared error and weighted squared error loss function are used in our treatment. In many cases, the solutions obtained are in closed form and coincide with the results of the previous chapter when the observations are no longer censored, and to their nonparametric analogs when the total mass of the prior distribution goes to zero, as one would expect.Due to the analytical tractability, we use the Dirichlet process as prior in the first part of the chapter and obtain estimators of the survival function with respect to various censoring schemes. In the case of right censored data, it is shown that the estimator obtained is the Bayesian analog of the Product Limit estimator and reduce to the Bayesian estimator of the previous chapter in the absence of censoring. Modal estimator of the survival function is also derived. In the second part, we obtain estimators of the survival function based on other priors such as gamma, extended gamma, beta, beta-Stacy, and Polya tree processes. To treat them cohesively, the moment generating function of the process with nonnegative independent increments, derived for the general case using the conjugate prior neutral to the right process, is presented and two special cases are illustrated. Additional applications such as linear Bayes estimation of the survival function, estimation of hazard and cumulative hazard functions, estimation in competing risk and Markov chain models are also included. Finally, an application of the hypothesis testing is presented. The chapter concludes with a presentation of the Bayesian analog of the Cox’s model in estimation of a survival function in the presence of covariates.
S04.2 Point of care and home testing opportunities: implications for quality public health practice

Chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhea (GC) are the two most commonly reported notifiable diseases in the United States and case reports have been increasing in recent years. New technology may soon allow individuals to test themselves for CT and GC, either at home, or in a clinic or physician’s office. This presents both challenges and opportunities for public health practice. This presentation will cover a range of implications of point of care and home testing, including for testing, for treatment of index patients and partners, for surveillance, and for reaching priority populations. Data on acceptability of such tests among priority populations, including men who have sex with men and young adults, as well as among physicians from a variety of disciplines, will also be presented. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Associations between parental stress, parent feeding practices, and child eating behaviors within the context of food insecurity.

Abstract Food insecurity is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially for children from diverse households. Food insecurity presents a potentially different context in which parents engage in food-related parenting practices and children engage in eating behaviors. Parents may also experience higher levels of stress and depressed mood in the context of food insecurity. This study aims to examine associations between momentary parental stress and depressed mood, food-related parenting practices, and child eating behaviors within food secure and insecure households. Children ages 5–7 and their families (n = 150) from six racial/ethnic groups (n = 25 each African American, Hispanic, Hmong, Native American, Somali, White) were recruited for this mixed-methods study through primary care clinics in Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN in 2015–2016. High levels of parental stress and depressed mood experienced earlier in the day within food insecure households was associated with using restrictive feeding practices and serving more pre-prepared foods at the evening meal the same night. Parents from food secure households who experienced high levels of stress earlier in the day were more likely to engage in pressure-to-eat feeding practices, serve more fast food, and to have children who engaged in picky eating behaviors at the evening meal the same night. Health care clinicians may want to consider, or continue to, screen parents for food insecurity, stress, and depressed mood during well child visits and discuss the influence these factors may have on every day food-related parenting practices. Additionally, future research should consider using real-time interventions to reduce parental stress to promote healthy food-related parenting practices within food insecure and secure households.
Prospective teachers’ analysis of a mathematics lesson: examining their claims and supporting evidence

This study examined elementary and secondary prospective teachers’ (PTs’) abilities to analyze a classroom lesson in order to make claims about student thinking around specific mathematical learning goals based on relevant and revealing evidence. Previous research suggests PTs have some skills in analyzing evidence but apply them inconsistently. Our goal was to describe in more detail the strengths and weaknesses in PTs’ ability to analyze evidence of student thinking. Results indicate that PTs can make some appropriate claims about student learning in a lesson transcript, but more often make overly broad and general claims. PTs were able to support their claims with specific student work but often used poorly aligned evidence. PTs also often explicitly recognized the shortcomings of evidence from the lesson transcript, but then relied on that evidence to make claims about student thinking. Finally, PTs’ background, such as number of teacher education courses completed, does not appear to strongly influence their ability to make claims and support them with evidence, though secondary PTs were more likely to recognize the limitations of evidence than elementary PTs. These results have implications for teacher educators, pointing to the importance of designing interventions to help PTs look beyond the most visible and salient features of a lesson when analyzing student thinking.
Changes in the drought sensitivity of US maize yields

As climate change leads to increased frequency and severity of drought in many agricultural regions, a prominent adaptation goal is to reduce the drought sensitivity of crop yields. Yet many of the sources of average yield gains are more effective in good weather, leading to heightened drought sensitivity. Here we consider two empirical strategies for detecting changes in drought sensitivity and apply them to maize in the United States, a crop that has experienced myriad management changes including recent adoption of drought-tolerant varieties. We show that a strategy that utilizes weather-driven temporal variations in drought exposure is inconclusive because of the infrequent occurrence of substantial drought. In contrast, a strategy that exploits within-county spatial variability in drought exposure, driven primarily by differences in soil water storage capacity, reveals robust trends over time. Yield sensitivity to soil water storage increased by 55% on average across the US Corn Belt since 1999, with larger increases in drier states. Although yields have been increasing under all conditions, the cost of drought relative to good weather has also risen. These results highlight the difficulty of simultaneously raising average yields and lowering drought sensitivity. A key climate change adaptation goal in agriculture is to reduce drought sensitivity of crop yields. A comparison of two empirical strategies applied to US maize for detecting changes in drought sensitivity reveals the advantages of utilizing within-country spatial variability in drought exposure, driven primarily by differences in soil water-storage capacity.
Involvement in a Professional Community Yields Unexpected Skills: Faculty Academy Members’ Stories of Leadership and Learning

This chapter presents six Faculty Academy members’ stories of how involvement in a learning community of scholars supported and impacted their leadership skills and agency as a leader in their respective institutions and academic assignments.
Are Cardiac Complications Associated With Other Adverse Events? A Look at 56,000 Orthopaedic Trauma Patients

The purpose of this study was to identify those complications for which patients with adverse cardiac events are at risk within the 30-day postoperative period following treatment oforthopaedic trauma cases. This was a retrospective cohort study of orthopaedic trauma patients in the United States between 2006 and 2013. A total of 56,336 patients meeting any one of 89 CPT codes in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database were used. The main outcome measure was myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest within the 30-day postoperative period. Patients experiencing adverse cardiac events were at a significantly higher risk to have also developed deep surgical site infection, pneumonia, the need for reintubation, pulmonary emboli, a failure to wean off of ventilation, chronic and acute renal failure, urinary tract infection, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, sepsis, and shock. Cardiac complications in orthopaedic trauma patients are relatively uncommon (1.3%); however, cardiac complications are associated with greater risks of other complications, including pneumonia, stroke, and urinary tract infection. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 27(3):198-202, 2018).
Corporate cash holdings and political connections

We examine the relation between corporate liquidity and political connections measured via lobbying expenditures. This is an interesting question as many of the motives for holding cash should be diminished by political connections. Results indicate a significant and inverse relation between cash levels and lobby expenses and that the marginal value of cash decreases with lobbying. Taken together, these findings suggest firms react optimally to the reduced benefits of cash linked to political connections and that the market recognizes the weakened benefits of cash. Overall, our research shows another way political connections can shape corporate policy.
Degradation of perfluoroheptanoic acid in water by electron beam irradiation

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are lipophilic pollutants of increasing health concern due to their environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. Remediation techniques have been set up for PFAS removal, such as electron beam, which exhibits excellent performance due to its cost-effective ability of producing large amounts of both reducing and oxidizing species. However, the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of the shorter-chain PFASs by eBeam irradiation are poorly known. Herein, perfluoroheptanoic acid was exposed to different eBeam doses of 0–75 kGy. We tested the effect of pH (6.0 and 13.0), nitrate ions, and fulvic acids in water. Results show that highly alkaline conditions favored the removal of perfluoroheptanoic acid at 100.0 μg/L with complete elimination at eBeam doses of 50 kGy and 75 kGy. Nitrate, fulvic acid, and CaCO3 alkalinity did not inhibit perfluoroheptanoic acid degradation. Defluorination and decarboxylation are proposed to be the major degradation pathways based on the identification of two degradation products. Overall, our findings show that eBeam irradiation is a promising remediation technique to break down the shorter-chain PFASs.
The effect of Black educators on Black students’ beliefs towards mathematics

This study considers the impact of Black mathematics educators on Black student attitudes towards mathematics. The study uses Carlson’s Views about Mathematics Survey (VAMS) instrument, which is divided into two categories: (i) epistemological and (ii) pedagogical. Framed around Schlossberg’s Theory of Marginality and Mattering, this study investigates whether not having a Black mathematics educator causes Black students to feel devalued and develop a poor attitude toward mathematics. A sense of marginality and mattering is determined by comparing the interactions between Black students and their Black or non-Black mathematics educators, and then considering how that sense of marginality and mattering affected attitudes toward mathematics. Eighty-one student participants, all of whom were Black, were recruited from three Upward Bound (UB) programs. Participants were either former or current UB students who were high school seniors (at least 18 years old) or were currently or previously enrolled in a community college or four-year institution. Two-tailed independent t-tests demonstrated that having a Black mathematics educator positively affects the attitude toward mathematics of Black students.
Flexural analysis of graphene oxide infused S2-glass/epoxy nanocomposite laminates

Abstract In recent times, nanotechnology has emerged as one of the key driving factors in the technological and scientific advancements around the globe. The material property enhancement is the key towards various applications of nanotechnology. The incorporation of nanoparticles into a matrix of standard material can enhance specific mechanical and thermal properties. Graphene oxide is one such compound with excellent dispersibility that is widely used to enhance the mechanical properties of certain ceramics and polymers. The main objective of this study was to determine the variation in the flexural properties of S-2 glass/epoxy nanocomposite laminates with different concentrations ranging from 2% to 8% of graphene oxide (w/w %) using finite element analysis (FEA). The test specimen matrix layup was selected as 0/45/-45/90/90/-45/45/0 (8 layers). The test setup for FEA and specimen dimensions were selected according to the ASTM D790 test standard for three-point bending test. It was observed that the incorporation of graphene oxide into S-2 glass/epoxy matrix enhances the flexural strength up to 6% of graphene oxide concentration. The flexural strengths of 2%, 4% and 6% graphene oxide laminates were increased by up to 10%, 57% and 80% respectively with respect to pure S-2 glass/epoxy laminate. This enhancement in the flexural strength can prove to be extremely beneficial for aerospace and structural applications.
Searching for Law in All the Wrong Places

In The Corpus and the Critics, Lee & Mouritsen reaffirm their commitment to using corpus linguistics tools in order to interpret legal language. They also respond to critics of their enterprise, both by restating some of their previous positions and also by making some important modifications in light of this criticism. Some of Lee & Mouritsen’s adjustments will make their work more attractive to its critics; other modifications raise still more questions about the propriety of using corpus linguistics tools to interpret legal texts. This Response hopes to advance the conversation by teasing out the implications of Lee & Mouritsen’s new work. Specifically, Lee & Mouritsen acknowledge that it is not always appropriate to search for the meaning of statutory language in a general corpus—that is, a corpus that includes a variety of types of texts. But, they attempt to soften the force of this concession by arguing that a corpus of legislative history would allow an interpreter to learn how statutory terms are used in legal texts. This Response identifies the reasons why a corpus of legislative history does not, contra Lee & Mouritsen, allow the interpreter to learn how statutory terms are used in legal texts. Moreover, by holding out the promise of a corpus of legislative history, Lee & Mouritsen raise, but do not answer, an all-important preliminary question: how should an interpreter choose the correct corpus to search.
Nonlinear Dynamic Systems Parameterization Using Interval-Based Global Optimization: Computing Lipschitz Constants and Beyond

Numerous state-feedback and observer designs for nonlinear dynamic systems (NDS) have been developed in the past three decades. These designs assume that NDS nonlinearities satisfy one of the following function set classifications: bounded Jacobian, Lipschitz continuity, one-sided Lipschitz, quadratic inner-boundedness, and quadratic boundedness. These function sets are characterized by constant scalars or matrices bounding the NDS nonlinearities. These constants (i) depend on the NDS operating region, topology, and parameters, and (ii) are utilized to synthesize observer/controller gains. Unfortunately, there is a near-complete absence of algorithms to compute such bounding constants. In this paper, we develop analytical then computational methods to compute such constants. First, for every function set classification, we derive analytical expressions for these bounding constants through global maximization formulations. Second, we utilize a derivative-free, interval-based global maximization algorithm based on branch-and-bound framework to numerically obtain the bounding constants. Third, we showcase the effectiveness of our approaches to compute the corresponding parameters on
Adaptive Video Streaming in Presence of Wireless Errors

Real-time video streaming with rate adaptation to network load/congestion represents an efficient solution to its coexistence with conventional TCP data services. Naturally, the streaming rate control must be efficient, smooth and TCP friendly. As multimedia clients become mobile, these properties must be preserved also over wireless links. In particular, they must be robust to random wireless losses. Existing schemes such as TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) perform well in the wired Internet, but show serious performance degradation in the presence of random wireless losses. In this paper we introduce the Video Transport Protocol (VTP) with a new rate control mechanism based on the Achieved Rate (AR) estimation and Loss Discrimination Algorithm. We show that VTP can preserve efficiency without causing additional performance degradation to TCP, in both error-free and error-prone situations.
Quantification of algal viruses in marine samples

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the current methods available for the enumeration of specific viruses infecting phytoplankton in aquatic environments. It represents a compilation of methods that are employed in classic virology, and those that are adapted for use by viral ecologists working in natural systems. Two approaches, the plaque assay and most probable number (MPN) assay, are described, which allow researchers to both enumerate and isolate viruses that lytically infect marine photoautotrophs. Using a dilution approach, abundance of viruses in a sample can be estimated. This process is based on the theoretical assumption that a single infectious virus can destroy a population of sensitive host cells (given time). The MPN approach to quantifying infectious viruses involves the exposure of a series of log-based dilutions of the sample containing the viruses to a liquid culture of host cells. One problem commonly associated with the screening of natural samples is the breakthrough of unwanted organisms—for example, bacteria and protozoans—through the filter into the sample to be screened. Plaque assays are commonly used in bacteriophage studies in order to enumerate the abundance of infectious phage in a sample. These same techniques are applied to the enumeration of phycoviruses..
Interest-based user grouping model for collaborative filtering in digital libraries

Research in recommender systems focuses on applications such as in online shopping malls and simple information systems. These systems consider user profile and item information obtained from data explicitly entered by users. – where it is possible to classify items involved and to make recommendations based on a direct mapping from user or user group to item or item group. However, in complex, dynamic, and professional information systems, such as Digital Libraries, additional capabilities are needed for recommender systems to support their distinctive features: large numbers of digital objects, dynamic updates, sparse rating data, biased rating data on specific items, and challenges in getting explicit rating data from users. In this paper, we present an interest-based user grouping model for a collaborative recommender system for Digital Libraries. Also, we present several user interfaces that obtain implicit user rating data. Our model uses a high performance document clustering algorithm, LINGO, to extract document topics and user interests from documents users access in a Digital Library. This model is better suited to Digital Libraries than traditional recommender systems because it focuses more on users than items and because it utilizes implicit rating data.
Samson Now, an Introduction

In this introduction to the group of essays that follows by Sam Gerson, Jean-Max Gaudilliere, Miri Rozmarin, and Udi Aloni, I trace the inspiration for this project, a collective contemplation of the figure of the biblical Samson using as its springboard David Grossman's book about Samson, Lion's Honey (2005). I write about how the project emerged out of my work with a patient who recommended Grossman's book to me and my effort to grapple with the dilemmas of familial and collective loyalties that transpired as a core aspect our joint endeavor. How does one let go of one's child, in life or in transference? And what kind of letting go should, on the other hand, be resisted? How can we think about this conundrum of freedom and responsibility? This is the crucial clinical and ethical concern underlying the collection of essays published here.
Electron Microscopy of Immature Human and Feline Neocortex

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes some observations on the fine structure of neural and non-neural processes in the cerebral cortex. It emphasizes on the salient features of the comparative development of neural-vascular and neuralglial relations in immature human and feline neocortex. The findings extend earlier observation on the ontogenesis of fine structure of elements of the neuropil and permit some evaluation of the contribution of glial-vascular membranes to the development of the blood-brain barrier. The paucity of fine processes in the cellular layers in the neuropil is an outstanding characteristic of the human fetal neocortex as well as that of the cat. The cell membrane of neuron cell bodies is immediately external to the basement membrane of capillaries at the early fetal stages. No smaller intervening processes are observed between basement membrane-neuronal contacts. In the 16-week-old human fetus, a larger proportion of the area external to the basement membrane of the capillary endothelium has become surrounded by smaller cell processes many of which are presumably dendrites. In contrast to the fetal cortex, fine processes (principally glial) of the neuropil are just external to the basement membrane of the capillaries.
Behavioral clustering of HTTP-based malware and signature generation using malicious network traces

We present a novel network-level behavioral malware clustering system. We focus on analyzing the structural similarities among malicious HTTP traffic traces generated by executing HTTP-based malware. Our work is motivated by the need to provide quality input to algorithms that automatically generate network signatures. Accordingly, we define similarity metrics among HTTP traces and develop our system so that the resulting clusters can yield high-quality malware signatures.We implemented a proof-of-concept version of our network-level malware clustering system and performed experiments with more than 25,000 distinct malware samples. Results from our evaluation, which includes real-world deployment, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed clustering system and show that our approach can aid the process of automatically extracting network signatures for detecting HTTP traffic generated by malware-compromised machines.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Food-Insecure Ethnic Minority Patients With Cancer

Underserved racial/ethnic minority patients diagnosed with cancer are a vulnerable patient population, and at significant risk for inadequate food.
Children’s Reflections on Two Cultural Ways of Working Together: “Talking with Hands and Eyes” or Requiring Words

Forty-four pairs of Mexican-heritage and European-heritage US children were asked to characterize differences between two contrasting cultural patterns of working together in video clips that showed a) Mexican Indigenous-heritage children working together by collaborating, helping, observing others, and using nonverbal as well as verbal communication, and b) middle-class European-American children working alone and using predominantly verbal communication. Through experience in two cultural settings, bilingual Mexican-heritage US children may become familiar with these contrasting cultural patterns that have been identified in research. Mexican-heritage US children characterized the clips in ways that corresponded with researchers’ descriptions more often than did European-heritage children, when discussing working together and helping but not when discussing communication. The children from the two backgrounds differed in their treatment of talk. In addition to talking more overall, half of the European-heritage US children considered talk a requirement for working together or helping, excluding nonverbal communication as a way of working together or helping. In contrast, the Mexican-heritage US children included nonverbal communication as a means of working together and helping, and some seemed to include nonverbal communication as a form of talking.
Protease-Activated Receptors: Contribution to Physiology and Disease

Proteases acting at the surface of cells generate and destroy receptor agonists and activate and inactivate receptors, thereby making a vitally important contribution to signal transduction. Certain serine proteases that derive from the circulation (e.g., coagulation factors), inflammatory cells (e.g., mast cell and neutrophil proteases), and from multiple other sources (e.g., epithelial cells, neurons, bacteria, fungi) can cleave protease-activated receptors (PARs), a family of four G protein-coupled receptors. Cleavage within the extracellular amino terminus exposes a tethered ligand domain, which binds to and activates the receptors to initiate multiple signaling cascades. Despite this irreversible mechanism of activation, signaling by PARs is efficiently terminated by receptor desensitization (receptor phosphorylation and uncoupling from G proteins) and downregulation (receptor degradation by cell-surface and lysosomal proteases). Protease signaling in tissues depends on the generation and release of proteases, availability of cofactors, presence of protease inhibitors, and activation and inactivation of PARs. Many proteases that activate PARs are produced during tissue damage, and PARs make important contributions to tissue responses to injury, including hemostasis, repair, cell survival, inflammation, and pain. Drugs that mimic or interfere with these processes are attractive therapies: selective agonists of PARs may facilitate healing, repair, and protection, whereas protease inhibitors and PAR antagonists can impede exacerbated inflammation and pain. Major future challenges will be to understand the role of proteases and PARs in physiological control mechanisms and human diseases and to develop selective agonists and antagonists that can be used to probe function and treat disease.
Minimum L∞ solution of underdetermined systems of linear equations

Abstract The problem of obtaining a minimum L ∞ solution of an underdetermined system of consistent linear equations is reduced to a linear programming problem. A modified simplex algorithm is then described. In this algorithm no conditions are imposed on the coefficient matrix, minimum computer storage is required and no artificial variables are needed. The algorithm is a simple and fast one. Numerical results are given.
MITOTIC INDUCTION AND SYNCHRONIZED CELL DIVISION IN OEDOGONIUM CARDIACUM (HASS.) WITTR.

Waves of mitosis are induced in Oedogonium cardiacum grown under a 15 hr light/9 hr dark cycle. Mitosis starts 4 to 5 hr after the start of the dark period. Each mitotic stage has a high initial rate which plateaus at a lower rate for several additional hours. Partial synchronization of mitotic stages results from this induction of cell division. Mitotic divisions last 9 to 10 hr after induction. During the remainder of the 24-hr light/dark cycle, cells are in interphase. Along a filament, several dividing cells tend to be adjacent, with the most advanced stage in the cap cell. Progressively earlier mitotic stages are basal to the dividing cap cell. This pattern of mitotic division differs from the state in nature where only the cap cell usually divides. Chromosomes probably maintain a telophase arrangement during interphase. The suitability and advantages of Oedogonium, a haploid alga with sexual reproduction, as an experimental plant for cytological, developmental, biochemical, and genetic studies is pointed out. EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION of mitosis and synchronization of cell divisions are useful
Microstructure/property relationships in three-dimensionally braided fiber composites

Abstract Three-dimensional braiding is a unique way of manufacturing composite structures directly in their final shapes. In the process, the fibers (yarns) are braided first into a structural preform which is then impregnated with a matrix material and consolidated into the final shape. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the analytical link between manufacturing and microstructure, and to properties of braided composites. A descriptive methodology for the yarn skeletal structure in the preform is presented based on the braiding procedure. The yarn skeletal structure so identified preserves the topological character in preforms of any permissible shape. This feature allows the determination of the yarn structure in the consolidated composites whose shape may be distorted during consolidation. From the final yarn structure, local and global properties of the composite can be obtained through a modeling procedure. Structural shapes braided by the four-step 1 × 1 procedure are used as examples; numerical results of thermomechanical properties in variously braided preforms are presented in explicit terms of the braiding parameters.
Cultural Strengths as Moderators of the Relationship between Acculturation to the Mainstream U.S. Society and Eating- and Body-Related Concerns among Mexican American Women.

This study explored whether 3 culturally relevant variables (i.e., ethnic identity, familism, and enculturation) operated as sources of strength for 209 Mexican American women by buffering the relationship between their acculturation to the mainstream U.S. society and eating- and body-related concerns. In an effort to capture the underlying dimensions of women's eating- and body-related concerns, the authors used principal components analysis to identify 3 components: control concerns, restricted eating, and body dissatisfaction. As hypothesized, results from a series of hierarchical regressions suggested familism significantly buffered the links between acculturation to the mainstream U.S. society and all 3 eating- and body-related variables. However, enculturation did not moderate the associations, and ethnic identity moderated only the link between acculturation and restricted eating.
The role of GLP-1 in the regulation of islet cell mass.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone capable of restoring euglycemia in glucose-intolerant subjects and improving glucose control in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Whether the antidiabetic properties of GLP-1 are exclusively the result of its acute postprandial action is being investigated. A GLP-1-dependent differentiation of pancreatic precursor cells into mature β-cells has been proposed. In addition, GLP-1 has been shown to have antiapoptotic activity in cultured insulin-secreting cells and in an animal model in which diabetes occurs as a consequence of an excessive rate of β-cell apoptosis. Studies from our laboratory, and others, lead us to propose that GLP-1 is a growth factor for pancreatic cells and it is a regulator of islet cell mass. The aim of this article is to review those reports that have emphasized the role of GLP-1 as a regulator of islet cell mass as well as its insulin secretory action.
Combined optical and electrical effects in ferroelectric crystal for high laser intensities

In this study, we have derived equations for the pyroelectric and photogalvanic contribution to the electrical charging of the photosensitive ferroelectric crystal. Standard photorefractive equations are supplemented by the equation of state for the polarization density following the Devonshire-Ginsburg-Landau (DGL) approach. The photogalvanic voltage and current is considered for a wide intensity range, which includes the CW and the pulsed photo-excitation with high intensities when the impurity is fully ionized and when the traditional linear-recombination approach is not valid. The crystal electrostatic accelerators, based on charging of ferroelectric crystals by pyroelectric and photogalvanic effects, are discussed in relation to the generation of the self-focused electron beam, X-rays, and neutrons.
Photon bound states and gravitons

The possibility that a nonlinear photon-photon interaction gives rise to gravitons is investigated. At first photons are treated as neutral vector particles of small finite mass; then as zero-mass particles in the frame of usual gauge-invariant quantum electrodynamics. The corresponding Bethe-Salpeter equations are solved in the chain approximation. Bound states exist which have the required symmetry properties, and correspond to particles with spin two or zero. Of these, only one has zero mass and its phenomenological coupling to photons is, in the approximation considered, entirely dynamical.
Markov model of sex-linked recessive trait transmission

A Markov model of sex-linked recessive trait transmission is developed with genotypes viewed as the states of the transmission process and the changes of generations considered to occur at discrete moments of time. Gender and a linked recessive gene are considered simultaneously, and in contrast to conventional approaches, mating is not confined to the offspring of the same couple but is random and permitted among all the members of the population. Recessive gene inherited diseases haemophilia A and Duchenne muscular dystrophy are used to illustrate the model, and direct calculations from a case study of a mild haemophilia A pedigree which includes about 10% of Greek haemophiliacs showed good agreement with the results of model calculations.
Timely Initiation of Basal Insulin

Recognition of the basal and postprandial components of hyperglycemia, in tandem with the development of new insulins and other clinical research, has led to a reassessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. In the future, insulin will be used earlier, treatment will intensify as the disease progresses, and combination therapy will be routine. Hyperglycemia can be controlled initially with sulfonylureas and metformin, agents that mainly improve control of fasting and preprandial glucose. When glycemic control can no longer be achieved with these and other oral agents alone, insulin treatment can be started as a single injection of a long-acting insulin. This method of supplementing basal insulin is safe, simple, and less likely to cause weight gain than multiple daily injections with shorter-acting insulins. Continuing oral agents during basal insulin therapy can provide a smoother transition to insulin and reduce the risk of loss of glycemic control. Of currently available insulins, glargine has the activity profile best suited to basal insulin therapy, with no prominent activity peak and a long duration of action, allowing a single daily injection in most cases. Although the traditional approach has been to introduce insulin therapy only after very high glucose values have persisted, despite prolonged use of oral agents alone, a more desirable strategy would be to prevent patients from ever experiencing the loss of glycemic control associated with hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) elevations >7%. This goal could be achieved by diagnosing type 2 diabetes earlier in its course and by adding basal insulin to oral therapy much earlier. To maintain the recommended <7% HbA(1c) target level of control, treatments that target postprandial hyperglycemia will have to be added to basal insulin later on, as endogenous insulin continues to decline.
Vibrational relaxation in liquid nitrogen

Abstract The time constant for the collisional deactivation of the υ = 1 vibrational level of N2 is found to be 1.5 ± 0.5 s in liquid nitrogen of 99.9995% purity of 78 K. This result is consistent with a simple binary collision theory of vibrational relaxation for liquids.
Aeromonas infection following facial injury.

Description d'un cas de cellulite faciale post-traumatique rapidement progressive due a A. hydrophila qui a presente une resolution rapide avec un debridement agressif et la chimiotherapie d'association a la mezlocilline et a la gentamicine
Total Synthesis of (+)-Duocarmycin A, epi-(+)-Duocarmycin A and Their Unnatural Enantiomers: Assessment of Chemical and Biological Properties

Full details of an enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-duocarmycin A (1) are described in which a solution to the control of the relative and absolute stereochemistry of the remote stereocenters is provided. Catalytic asymmetric dihydroxylation of 15 was employed to introduce the absolute stereochemistry required for the activated cyclopropane, and a diastereoselective Dieckmann-type condensation of 61 was employed to control the absolute stereochemistry of the C6 quaternary center. The complementary diastereoselectivity of a thermodynamic versus kinetic condensation of 61 permitted the divergent synthesis of (+)-duocarmycin A or epi-(+)-duocarmycin A from common intermediates. Final introduction of the reactive cyclopropane was accomplished by transannular spirocyclization of the mesylate 44 upon treatment with base or directly from the corresponding free alcohol itself, duocarmycin D1 (42), upon Mitsunobu activation. Notably, the asymmetric dihydroxylation of 15 employing (DHQD)2-PHAL/(DHQ)2-PHAL wa...
Fuzzy Aggregation Techniques in Situations Without Experts: Towards A New Justification

Fuzzy techniques have been originally invented as a methodology that transforms the knowledge of experts formulated in terms of natural language into a precise computer-implementable form. There are many successful applications of this methodology to situations in which expert knowledge exist, the must well known is an application to fuzzy control. In some cases, fuzzy methodology is applied even when no expert knowledge exists: instead of trying to approximate the unknown control function by splines, polynomials, or by another traditional approximation technique, researchers try to approximate it by guessing and tuning the expert rules. Surprisingly, this approximation often works fine. In this paper, we give a mathematical explanation for this phenomenon, and show that approximation by using fuzzy methodology is indeed (in some reasonable sense) the best
Multimode electromagnetic target discriminator: preliminary data results

ABSTRACT This paper describes the Multi-mode Electromagnetic Target Discriminator (METD) sensor and presents preliminary results from recent field experiments. The METD sensor was developed for the US Army RDECOM NVESD by The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The METD, based on the technology of the previously developed Electromagnetic Target Discriminator (ETD), is a spatial scanning electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor that uses both the time-domain (TD) and the frequency-domain (FD) for target detection and classification. Data is collected with a custom data acquisition system and wirelessly transmitted to a base computer. We show that the METD has a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the ability to detect voids created by plastic anti-tank (AT) mines, and is practical for near real-time data processing. Keywords: EMI sensor, electromagnetic induction, METD, landmine detection 1. INTRODUCTION Most EMI sensors currently used in the field can successfully detect metal and low-metal content landmines at shallow depths. However, metal clutter objects found in the environment complicate mine detection because they represent false targets. Without discrimination, high false alarm rates in mine detection operations significantly slow the rate of clearance. The ability to discriminate mines from clutter will greatly lower the cost of landmine clearance. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory has developed a wideband, spatial scanning Electromagnetic Target Discriminator
Quantum transport properties of ultrathin silver nanowires

The quantum transport properties of ultrathin silver nanowires are investigated. For a perfect crystalline nanowire with four atoms per unit cell, three conduction channels are found, corresponding to three s bands crossing the Fermi level. One conductance channel is disrupted by a single-atom defect, either adding or removing one atom. The quantum interference effect leads to oscillation of conductance versus the inter-defect distance. In the presence of a multiple-atom defect, one conduction channel remains robust at the Fermi level regardless the details of defect configuration. The histogram of conductance calculated for a finite nanowire (seven atoms per cross section) with a large number of random defect configurations agrees well with recent experiments.
A PLAN TO USE PROGRAMMED GROUP EXERCISES TO STUDY CROSS‐CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR

Abstract Plan d'utilisation des programmes d'exercices de groups pour l'etude des differences interculturelles dans le comportement des cadres. — L'A. presente un plan general pour collector des donnees interculturelles sur le comportement des cadres, en etudiant comment ils resolvent une serie de problemes administratifs simules (etablir un budget, faire des previsions, remunerer les subordonnes, juger les pairs, diriger, communiquer, negocier, etc.). Les couts de l'etude interculturelle seraient abaisses en incorporant la comparaison dans les programmes de formation pour cadres qui se pratiquent dans divers pays, en cooperation avec les equipes des differents centres de formation. Les hypotheses qu'on peut faire a partir des experiences de comportement simule seraient ulterieurement verifiees au moyen d'enquětes basees sur des observations controlees des individus dans leur travail reel.
Synthesis of nornicotine‐2,4,5,6‐d4 and its N′‐nitroso derivative

Nornicotine-2,4,5,6-d4 and its N′-nitroso derivative were synthesized from pyridine-d5. Initially, pyridine-d5 was brominated in fuming D2SO4 to give 3-bromopyridine-d4. Treatment of this material with n-butyllithium and dry ice followed by acidification gave nicotinic acid-2,4,5,6-d4. Conversion of this substance to the acid chloride hydrochloride (via thionyl chloride) followed by treatment with absolute ethanol gave ethyl nicotinate-2,4,5,6-d4. The ester was condensed with N-trimethylsilyl-2-pyrrolidinone in the presence of n-butyllithium and diisopropylamine to give, after hydrolysis and decarboxylation, myosmine-2,4,5,6-d4. Reduction of this material with sodium borohydride gave nornicotine-2,4,5,6-d4. Conversion to the N′nitroso derivative was achieved by treatment with nitrous acid.