cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contrast-Enhanced Two- and Three-dimensional Sonography for Evaluation of Intra-abdominal Hemorrhage

Objective To determine whether a contrast agent enhances sonographic detection of bleeding sites in the abdomen and whether contrast-enhanced three-dimensional sonography provides additional information compared with contrast-enhanced two-dimensional sonography. Methods Bleeding sites were created within the livers (n = 3), spleens (n = 5), and kidneys (n = 3) of 3 dogs. A sonographic contrast agent with vascular and parenchymal enhancement capabilities was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.02 mL/kg. Before and after each contrast agent injection, the bleeding sites were imaged with two- and three-dimensional sonography in gray scale harmonic imaging and color flow modes. Sonographic findings were compared with gross pathologic findings. Results Noncontrast-enhanced sonography was not able to show the specific location of the active bleeding in any of the organs evaluated. The contrast agent enhanced the sonographic detection of blood flow in normal vessels and extravasated blood from damaged vessels or organs in all cases. Intrasplenic and intrahepatic hematomas were better identified on delayed imaging sequences because there was marked enhancement of the normal parenchyma, whereas the hematomas remained unenhanced. Reconstructed three-dimensional sonography showed spatial relationships of the bleeding sites and surrounding structures. Gross pathologic findings were consistent with the contrast-enhanced sonographic results. Conclusions Contrast-enhanced sonography improves the detection and evaluation of abdominal bleeding sites. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional sonography appears to provide additional information when compared with two-dimensional sonography.
Salient Sub-Second Separations.

Sub-second liquid chromatography in very short packed beds is demonstrated as a broad proof of concept for chiral, achiral, and HILIC separations of biologically important molecules. Superficially porous particles (SPP, 2.7 μm) of different surface chemistries, namely, teicoplanin, cyclofructan, silica, and quinine, were packed in 0.5-cm-long columns for separating different classes of compounds. Several issues must be addressed to obtain the maximum performance of 0.5 cm columns with reduced plate heights of 2.6 to 3.0. Modified UHPLC hardware can be used to obtain sub-second separations provided extra-column dispersion is minimized and sufficient data acquisition rates are used. Further, hardware improvements will be needed to take full advantage of faster separations. The utility of power transform, which is already employed in certain chromatography detectors, is shown to be advantageous for sub-second chromatography. This approach could prove to be beneficial in fast screening and two-dimensional liq...
Serine Protease Inhibitors from the Serpin Gene Family in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster

The hemolymph of lepidopteran insects has been shown to contain two classes of proteins that inhibit serine proteases (reviewed in Kanost et al., 1990). Low molecular weight proteins (7–9 kDa) from both Bombyx mori (Sasaki, 1984) and Manduca sexta (Ramesh et al., 1988) have been shown to be homologous with the vertebrate Kunitz-type inhibitors such as pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. A group of larger proteins (42–47 kDa) are members of the serpin family of serine protease inhibitors (Kanost et al., 1989). The serpins include mammalian serum proteins such as α1-antitrypsin, antithrombin, β2-antiplasmin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (Boswell and Carrell, 1988). A trypsin inhibitor (42 kDa) and a chymotrypsin inhibitor (43 kDa) from hemolymph of B. mori larvae (Sasaki and Kobayashi, 1984; Eguchi and Shomoto, 1985) have properties similar to the vertebrate serpins, including a mechanism in which the enzyme and inhibitor form a stable complex after cleavage of a reactive site near the inhibitor’s COOH-terminal (Sasaki, 1985; Sasaki et al., 1987).
Spatiotemporal forecasting of home prices: A GIS application

Abstract Computational techniques may be useful in modelling and forecasting spatiotemporal data. Statistical challenges that emanate from specification error, aggregation error, measurement error, and perhaps model complexity among other problems encourage employing computational techniques. Genetic programming and neural networks are two such techniques that are robust with respect to autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and stationarity problems statistical and econometric methods encounter. These two computational techniques are employed to demonstrate their potential in producing dynamic forecasts of spatial data. Such forecasts can then help produce sequences of maps of the same geographic region depicting future temporal changes.
Room temperature nanojoining of Cu-Ag core-shell nanoparticles and nanowires

Room temperature (T room, 300 K) nanojoining of Ag has been widely employed in fabrication of microelectronic applications where the shapes and structures of microelectronic components must be maintained. In this research, the joining processes of pure Ag nanoparticles (NPs), Cu-Ag core-shell NPs, and nanowires (NWs) are studied using molecular dynamics simulations at T room. The evolution of densification, potential energy, and structural deformation during joining process are analyzed to identify joining mechanisms. Depending on geometry, different joining mechanisms including crystallization-amorphization, reorientation, Shockley partial dislocation are determined. A three-stage joining scenario is observed in both joining process of NPs and NWs. Besides, the Cu core does not participate in all joining processes, however, it enhances the mobility of Ag shell atoms, contributing to a higher densification and bonding strength at T room, compared with pure Ag nanomaterials. The tensile test shows that the nanojoint bears higher rupture strength than the core-shell NW itself. This study deepens understanding in the underlying joining mechanisms and thus nanojoint with desirable thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties could be potentially achieved.
What is an Unregulated and Potentially Misleading Label Worth? The case of “Natural”-Labelled Groceries

Motivated by a multitude of lawsuits and considerable public policy debate in the U.S., this study provides insight on the demand effects for an unregulated and potentially misleading phrase found on many grocery labels: “all natural”, and its common variations. Using a targeted sample of adult grocery shoppers, we employ an incentive-compatible approach to elicit the willingness to pay for a variety of “natural”-labelled food products, along with their counterfactual, standard-labelled counterparts. We find that consumers are willing to pay 20% more on average for “natural” products. Using elicited information on consumer beliefs, we find that this premium decreases when “natural” signals no artificial flavors or preservatives, and increases when consumers believe that “natural” means GMO-free. Interestingly, for those indicating that the “natural” designation is meaningless, they are willing to pay about one-third less for products labelled this way.
Is this the end of cytotoxic chemotherapy in Merkel cell carcinoma

Although cytotoxic chemotherapy has been used often in the management of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), its benefit remains uncertain. Despite being considered a chemosensitive disease, the duration of response is generally short, and the survival benefit is unclear. With the recent FDA approval of the anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody avelumab for patients with advanced MCC and the limited and controversial data on chemotherapy, it is important to put in perspective whether conventional chemotherapy should remain an option for these patients. Here, we review the evidence and controversies around chemotherapy in MCC as well as two recent studies on immunotherapy that changed the treatment paradigm for this disease.
Energetics of the Photodissociation of Polyatomic Molecules

We present a quantum mechanical theory of the decomposition processes of polyatomic molecules, an important relaxation channel for electronically or thermally excited molecular systems. Both direct photodissociation and weak predissociation are described from a unified standpoint. An essential feature of the polyatomic molecule dissociation is the fact that the excess energy may be partitioned among the vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom in addition to the electronic and translational ones which are the only degrees of freedom accessible in diatomic molecule dissociations. The central focus of the theory is, therefore, on the description of the vibrational, translational, rotational, etc. energy distributions of the decomposition fragments and on the factors, such as the bound and dissociative potential energy surfaces, the excitation wavelength, etc., influencing these distributions. The theory describes both the sudden Franck-Condon process, leading to the electronic transition from a bound to a dissociative state, and the half-collision wherein the fragments mutually interact while they recede from each other on the dissociative potential energy surface.
Analyzing Configuration Management Repository Data for Software Process Improvement.

The software development process is an incremental and iterative activity. Source code is constantly changed to reflect changing requirements, to respond to testing results, and to address problem reports. Proper software measurement that derives meaningful numeric values for some attributes of a software product or process can help in identifying problem areas and development bottlenecks. Objective assessment is needed of the current status of software development so that informed project managers can make decisions. This paper presents a methodology called VITA for applying software analysis techniques to configuration management repository data with the aim of identifying the impact on file changes due to change requests and problem reports. The repository data can be analyzed and visualized in a semi-automated manner according to user-selectable criteria. The approach is illustrated with a model problem concerning software process improvement of an embedded software system in the context of performing high-quality software maintenance.
Linear Complexions: Metastable Phase Formation and Coexistence at Dislocations.

The unique three-phase coexistence of metastable $B2\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{FeNi}$ with stable $L{1}_{0}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{FeNi}$ and $L{1}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{FeNi}}_{3}$ is discovered near edge dislocations in body-centered cubic Fe-Ni alloys using atomistic simulations. Stable nanoscale precipitate arrays, formed along the compression side of dislocation lines and defined as linear complexions, were observed for a wide range of compositions and temperatures. By analyzing the thermodynamics associated with these phase transitions, we are able to explain the metastable phase formation and coexistence, in the process defining new research avenues for theoretical and experimental investigations.
Ultra-Low-Power Mode for Screenless Mobile Interaction

Smartphones are now a central technology in the daily lives of billions, but it relies on its battery to perform. Battery optimization is thereby a crucial design constraint in any mobile OS and device. However, even with new low-power methods, the ever-growing touchscreen remains the most power-hungry component. We propose an Ultra-Low-Power Mode (ULPM) for mobile devices that allows for touch interaction without visual feedback and exhibits significant power savings of up to 60% while allowing to complete interactive tasks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the screenless ULPM in text-entry tasks, camera usage, and listening to videos, showing only a small decrease in usability for typical users.
MicroRNAs and Transplantation

Small RNAs are <200 nucleotide in length and usually do not translate into a protein. A major function of small RNAs is gene silencing. There are three families of small RNAs that regulate gene expression in animals; micro RNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). miRNAs are single-stranded RNAs, ~20–22 nucleotides in length, and play a pivotal role in the regulation of protein-coding genes. siRNAs are ~21 nucleotides long and mediate post-transcriptional suppression of transcripts and transposons and contribute to antiviral defense. piRNAs are 24–30 nucleotides long and their main function is to silence transposable elements in germline cells1. The current miRBase sequence database (released March 2018; http://www.mirbase.org/), a searchable online repository of published miRNA sequences and associated annotations maintained by researchers at the University of Manchester, reported 2,654 mature miRNAs in the human genome. miRNAs influence the development and function of immune cells, modulate innate and adaptive immune responses, and are emerging as robust biomarkers in transplantation as well as targets for therapeutic intervention. Herein, we briefly review the biogenesis and function of the miRNAs and provide an overview of the tools to quantify miRNAs in tissues and body fluids. We then summarize data regarding miRNA expression patterns in kidney transplant recipients.
Transformation of Silver Nanoparticles in Phosphate Anions: An Experiment for High School Students.

A laboratory experiment has been developed to illustrate the transformation of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in water containing phosphate anions. The experiment, conducted by high school students, involved hands-on learning to synthesize and characterize Ag NPs via ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. This was followed by a UV–vis probe of the interaction of Ag NPs with phosphate anions. The observations of the color and shift in the absorption spectrum of NPs were explored to help students understand the transformation of NPs in water containing anions.
The Concept of Specificity in US Steel Bilateral Consensus Agreements

In the course of a meeting held in La Malbaie (Quebec, Canada) on August 5th to 7th, 1990, thirty european, north-american and african jurists and economists exchanged ideas on the evolution of international economic law.This first colloquium organised by the SDIE (Canada) in cooperation with the SDIE (France) covered historical, theorical, practical and ethical aspects of this sector of law which covers the organisation of trade and production, monetary and financial relations, international trade law, resources management and environmental protection.The present document reproduces the texts submitted by the speakers in their original language. The first two papers aim at giving a general perspective of the variables of International Economic Law. The following papers focus on specific areas of international economic law where changes are taking place.
"I'm Dr. Appel. That's Jacob to you".

When I became an emergency room psychiatrist, I anticipated a workday full of challenges: patients suffering from severe and often intractable mental illnesses, a healthcare system that is overtaxe...
Teacher qualifications, perceptions and practices concerning multilingualism at a school for newly arrived students in Norway

Research shows that having a multilingual background has many advantages. However, several studies indicate that students’ multilingual backgrounds are not used as resources in the classroom. Most ...
57 – Euler Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter describes solution of Euler equations, applicable to linear ordinary differential equations of the form a0xny(n) + a1xn−1y(n−1)+…+ an −1xy' + any = 0. An equation of this type can be turned into a linear constant coefficient ordinary differential equation by a change of independent variable. This new equation can be solved exactly. An Euler equation has the form a0xny(n) + a1xn−1y(n−1)+…+ an −1xy' + any = 0. If the independent variable is changed from x to t (via the transformation) x = et then the resulting equation becomes a linear constant coefficient ordinary differential equation. This type of equation can be solved exactly. The chapter presents a table that can be used to determine how the derivatives of y with respect to x become derivatives of y with respect to t. Alternately, a solution of the form y = xk can be tried directly in a0xny(n) + a1xn−1y(n−1)+…+ an −1xy' + any = 0.
Heavy drug use in young adulthood

Background: For some, substance use changes over the life course, but not for others. Because of the devastation caused to individual lives and to society by drug use, the issue of who among young ...
Imported B3 genotype measles virus isolated in Fujian province

Objective: We isolated and identified the genotypes and molecular characteristics of the imported B3 measles virus (MeV) in Fujian province in 2018. Methods: Throat swab specimens were collected from clinically diagnosed measles patients and tested for viral RNA, using the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction after the RNA extraction. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method was undertaken to amplify the 634 nucleotide acids of 3-terminal of the nucleoprotein gene. A phylogenetic tree was constructed and similarities in homology assessed. Results: We successfully isolated and obtained two measles virus strains and eighteen viral nucleic acid sequences. The Fujian strains were clustered within the same genotype group of WHO genotype B3 reference strains. Compared to the major circulating measles strain genotype B3 in the world, two Fujian strains MV18-41 and MV18-42 showed 100.0% nucleic acid homology to HongKong.CHN/35.18 strain which was isolated from Hong Kong in 2018. The remaining 16 Fujian strains showed the highest homology (99.9%) with the Mvs/Osaka.JPN/38.18/B3 strain isolated from Japan in 2018. Compared with other 23 WHO genotype reference strains, homology on both nucleotide and amino acid of the Fujian strain and the B1 genotype reference strain were the smallest, as 95.1%-95.4% and 95.3%, respectively. The differences of homology between the Fujian strain and H1 genotype reference strain were the largest, as 88.7%-89.0% and 87.3%, respectively. In addition, there were 13 mutation sites between the Fujian strain and the vaccine strain (Shanghai-191) at the 150 amino acid position of carboxy terminus on N protein, However, these sites did not cause functional changes in the protein region. Conclusions: In Fujian province, two strains of B3 genotype measles virus were obtained successfully, which were considered to be new genotype measles virus found in 2018. These findings showed it is necessary to strengthening the monitoring program on imported cases for better control and eliminate the measles virus.
No clinically meaningful difference in 1-year patient-reported outcomes among major approaches for primary total hip arthroplasty.

Background:Debate continues around the most effective surgical approach for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). This study’s purpose was to compare 1-year patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs...
Predicting the individualized risk of poor adherence to ART medication among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda: the Suubi+Adherence study.

Introduction Achieving optimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among adolescents living with HIV (ALWHIV) is challenging, especially in low-resource settings. To help accurately determine who is at risk of poor adherence, we developed and internally validated models comprising multi-level factors that can help to predict the individualized risk of poor adherence among ALWHIV in a resource-limited setting such as Uganda. Methods We used data from a sample of 637 ALWHIV in Uganda who participated in a longitudinal study, "Suubi+Adherence" (2012 to 2018). The model was developed using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalized regression to select the best subset of multi-level predictors (individual, household, community or economic-related factors) of poor adherence in one year's time using 10-fold cross-validation. Seventeen potential predictors included in the model were assessed at 36 months of follow-up, whereas adherence was assessed at 48 months of follow-up. Model performance was evaluated using discrimination and calibration measures. Results For the model predicting poor adherence, five of the 17 predictors (adherence history, adherence self-efficacy, family cohesion, child poverty and group assignment) were retained. Its ability to discriminate between individuals with and without poor adherence was acceptable; area under the curve (AUC) = 69.9; 95% CI: 62.7, 72.8. There was no evidence of possible areas of miscalibration (test statistic = 1.20; p = 0.273). The overall performance of the model was good. Conclusions Our findings support prediction modelling as a useful tool that can be leveraged to improve outcomes across the HIV care continuum. Utilizing information from multiple sources, the risk prediction score tool applied here can be refined further with the ultimate goal of being used in a screening tool by practitioners working with ALWHIV. Specifically, the tool could help identify and provide early interventions to adolescents at the highest risk of poor adherence and/or viral non-suppression. However, further fine-tuning and external validation may be required before wide-scale implementation.
Factors associated with obtaining employment among opioid use disorder patients enrolled in a therapeutic workplace intervention.

Abstract Background Unemployment is a common problem among adults who have substance use disorder that often persists during treatment and recovery. We identified patient characteristics that were associated with obtaining employment among unemployed adults in opioid use disorder treatment. Methods This analysis used data from participants (N = 91) who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a therapeutic workplace in promoting drug abstinence and employment. After a 3-month training period (Phase 1), participants were randomly assigned to a study group and could work for 12 months with an employment specialist who assisted participants in obtaining employment (Phase 2). A logistic regression model was used to identify patient characteristics that were associated with obtaining employment. Results Of the 91 participants, 39 (42.9 %) obtained employment. Compared to participants who did not obtain employment, participants who obtained employment worked more days in the therapeutic workplace during the training period (Phase 1) [OR (95 % CI) = 1.072 (1.015–1.132), p = .014], provided more opiate- and cocaine-negative urine samples while seeking employment [OR (95 % CI) = 1.015 (1.002–1.027), p = .025], and reported not usually being unemployed at study intake [OR (95 % CI) = 0.229 (0.080–0.652), p = .007]. Conclusions Our analyses suggest that among unemployed adults in opioid use disorder treatment, those with the lowest rates of therapeutic workplace attendance, lowest rates of drug abstinence while seeking employment, and relatively long histories of unemployment are the least likely to obtain employment. These relations are potentially addressable at a practical level, and future research could build on these findings to improve the effectiveness of employment-based interventions.
Particle Modeling: What it is and What it is Not

Our concern in this book is with a new area of simulation called particle simulation or particle modeling or even discrete modeling. Though specifics will follow later, we observe now, for the purpose of providing an overview, that particle modeling is the study of the dynamical behavior of solids and fluids in response to external forces, the solids and fluids being modeled as systems of atoms, or molecules, or aggregates of atoms and molecules. The dynamical equations are systems of second order, nonlinear, ordinary (rather that partial) differential equations.
Abstract P3-07-10: Rising incidence of primary breast lymphoma: SEER 1973-2011

Background: Primary breast lymphomas (PBL) are rare and most commonly of B-cell origin: diffuse large B-cell or extranodal marginal zone lymphomas. Recent reports have described breast-implant associated anaplastic large T- cell lymphoma. Other lymphomas arising from the breast have also been described less frequently, with plastic surgery. We hypothesized that the overall incidence of primary breast lymphomas may also be increasing. This study reports the incidence of PBL as first malignancy as recorded in Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) from 1973-2011. Mortality and first local therapy are also reported. Methods: Using the SEER 9 Research Data, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women diagnosed with microscopically confirmed, first primary malignant lymphoma arising in the breast from 1973 through 2011. Cases were excluded if they were reported to the registry by a nursing home or diagnosed by autopsy or death certificate. PBLs were categorized by the SEER lymphoid malignancy recode variable. We evaluated trends in age-adjusted incidence rates, first local therapy, and age-adjusted all-cause and cause-specific mortality across time. Results: The overall incidence of PBL has increased more than 3 fold, from 0.07/100,000 in 1973-82 to 0.23/100,000 in 2003-11 (p By age, the greatest incidence increase was for women 50 and older (0.02/100,000 in 1973-82 to 0.68/100,000 in 2003-11, p For the entire cohort, no local therapy and radiation therapy, as initial local treatment, has increased over time. Surgery alone has decreased substantially. Conclusions: Primary breast lymphoma remains a rare diagnosis; however the incidence has risen markedly over the last four decades, with B-cell marginal zone and T-cell lymphomas increasing significantly in the most recent time period. Further research is required to better understand the factors contributing to these trends. Survival gains over time suggest either that lymphoma treatments have improved or that the excess cases are treatment responsive or non-survival-threatening. Citation Format: Alexandra Thomas, Mary C Schroeder, Bradley D McDowell, Brian K Link. Rising incidence of primary breast lymphoma: SEER 1973-2011 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-10.
15 The Effects of Representation on the Processing of Probabilistic Information

Publisher Summary The premise that has pervaded the field, that a stimulus is a stimulus is a stimulus, is untrue. One stimulus is not as good as another for presenting the information to the decision maker in tasks. There are large salience differences among different stimuli that translate into quite different levels of utilization of the information by the decision maker, even though the validity of the information is constant. This salience effect is not only present during the initial learning phase of the task but also continues throughout and remains as asymptote. This salience differential is present for many different stimuli dimensions. The different representations of information, which are contained in a single figure (unitary stimuli), as well as those which are separated, were shown to have different saliences. One study even suggested that separating unitary dimensions, which had different saliences when combined in one figure, did not change the salience difference of them. The studies in this chapter demonstrate that salience can be manipulated in rather obvious ways. Changing the size differential and the perceptual difference between the geometric stimuli had the expected effect on the salience. That is, larger perceived differences between the levels of a dimension made that dimension more salient.
Salmonid inbreeding: a review

We review the published literature oninbreeding and its consequences in salmonidfishes. Inbreeding reduces genetic variationwithin populations by decreasingheterozygosity, either through an increasedchance of sharing parental genes or a loss ofalleles from random genetic drift. Increasedinbreeding is often associated with a reductionin mean phenotypic value of one or more traitswith respect to fitness (inbreedingdepression). We identify several sources ofinbreeding in salmonids. Although inbreedingoccurs naturally, much of the evidence forinbreeding stems from direct or indirectresults of human activity. The potentialconsequences of inbreeding highlight theimportance of maintaining genetic diversity insalmonid populations. Our weak understandingof genetic interactions between cultured andwild salmonids has allowed widespread practicesthat can reduce genetic variability in naturalpopulations. Although studies have detectedinbreeding depression in salmonids, its geneticbasis has rarely been addressed in wild,anadromous salmon. The genetic basis ofinbreeding depression is complex, andevaluating its effects over the entire lifecycle remains challenging. The experimentalevidence nevertheless reinforces the importanceof maintaining genetic variation withinpopulations as a primary goal of conservationand management.
Combining Lexical and Grammatical Features to Improve Readability Measures for First and Second Language Texts

This work evaluates a system that uses interpolated predictions of reading difficulty that are based on both vocabulary and grammatical features. The combined approach is compared to individual grammar- and language modeling-based approaches. While the vocabulary-based language modeling approach outperformed the grammar-based approach, grammar-based predictions can be combined using confidence scores with the vocabulary-based predictions to produce more accurate predictions of reading difficulty for both first and second language texts. The results also indicate that grammatical features may play a more important role in second language readability than in first language readability.
The United States Code, Prima Facie Evidence, and Positive Law

As a practical matter, most legal researchers rely on the United States Code (or an annotated code) rather than the United States Statutes at Large. And yet the sections of the U.S.C. are not the laws that Congress enacted and the President signed. This paper discusses several topics related to the United States Code: (1) Circumstances when courts turn to Stat. over U.S.C. (2) The history leading to the first edition of the U.S.C. in 1926 and the decision that it would be only prima facie evidence of the laws. (3) The progress in enacting titles as positive law, beginning in 1941 -- and the new titles that are in the works.
Data mining the zebrafish genome.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides the users a guide to mining zebrafish data at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the Zebrafish Information Network (ZFIN), with suggestions of ways to search for publications, gene information, homology, sequence, map, structure, or expression data and methods for navigating among the different types of available data and resources. National center for biotechnology information (NCBI) provides a queryable interface that enables navigation between interconnected data types and between information for multiple genomes. NCBI brings together the power of large-scale computational analyses and an integrated system of data retrieval with detailed information on maps, sequence, expression, structure, genomes, genes, diseases, phenotypes, publications, protein domains, and structures. NCBI provides connections between these disparate types of data by computation and curation. ZFIN, the zebrafish model organism database, provides the central location for the curation and integration of zebrafish genetic, genomic, and phenotypic data and for their subsequent integration with other model organism databases. The chapter also provides a set of questions involving genome, gene, map, homology, and expression data.
POSTMORTEM STABILITY OF BENZODIAZEPINES IN BLOOD AND TISSUES

The stability of benzodiazepines in blood and tissues was examined in this study. Specifically, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, and their desalkyl metabolites were studied over several months. Diazepam, flurazepam, and N-1-desalkylflurazepam were stable when stored in blood at room temperature while chlordiazepoxide, norchlordiazepoxide, and nordiazepam were found to be unstable under similar storage conditions. Data from tissues containing these chemicals corroborated the results from blood.
Hybrid Models for Motion Control Systems

This paper presents a mathematical framework for modeling motion control systems and other families of computer controlled devices that are guided by symbol strings as well as real valued functions. It discusses a particular method of organizing the lower level structure of such systems and argues that this method is widely applicable. Because the models used here capture important aspects of control and computer engineering relevant to the real-time performance of symbol/signal systems, they can be used to explore questions involving the joint optimization of instruction set and speed of execution. Finally, some comparisons are made between engineering and biological motion control systems, suggesting that the basic ideas advanced here are consistent with some aspects of motor control in animals.
The Critical Incident Technique

The Critical Incident Technique (CIT), a research method that relies on a set of procedures to collect, content analyze, and classify observations of human behavior, was introduced to the social sciences by Flanagan (1954) 60 years ago. Bitner, Booms, and Tetreault (1990), who introduced CIT to the marketing discipline, define an incident as an observable human activity that is complete enough to allow inferences and predictions to be made about the person performing the act. A critical incident is described as one that makes a significant contribution, either positively or negatively, to an activity or phenomenon. Critical incidents can be gathered in various ways, but the approach generally asks respondents to tell a story about an experience they have had. In the past 25 years the CIT method has been used frequently in marketing and management, and more recently in service research, to study a wide range of topics. Keywords: critical incident technique; qualitative research; service research; service encounter
Protégés’ and mentors’ reactions to participating in formal mentoring programs: A qualitative investigation

Mentors and proteges from two formal mentoring programs were interviewed about the benefits associated with program participation, problems encountered in the program, and recommendations for program improvements. The most commonly reported benefits for pro- teges included learning, coaching, career planning, and psychosocial support. Mentors most frequently reported learning, developing a personal relationship, personal gratification, and enhanced managerial skills. Both groups identified a range of problems including mentor-pro- tegemismatches, scheduling difficulties, and geographic distance. Unique problems were also identified, including mentor neglect (by proteges), unmet expectations (by proteges), structural separation from the mentor (by proteges), and feelings of personal inadequacy (by mentors). Finally, suggestions for program improvement were identified such as clearer communication of program objectives, better matching, targeted participation in the program, and better pro- gram monitoring. Findings are discussed in terms of what we currently know about informal mentoring and implications for mentoring theory. Suggestions for mentoring practice are also discussed.
Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and functional specification of lipid signaling pools.

The diversity of lipid species in biological membranes testifies to the multiple roles of these molecules as structural units, precursors to second messengers, as scaffolding units that impose spatial and temporal regulation on assembly of proteins, and as regulators of the catalytic activities of proteins. Such diverse lipid functions must be appropriately coordinated so that these can be specifically and appropriately coupled to dedicated biological processes. Evidence from multiple sources is building towards a concept where Sec14-like PITPs are specific components of lipid metabolic nanoreactors and, in this capacity, help impose a functional specification of lipid signaling pools.
Stability analysis of piecewise-affine systems using controlled invariant sets

Abstract This paper presents new stability conditions for closed-loop piecewise-affine (PWA) systems. The result is based on controlled invariant sets for PWA systems, which are defined by extending the notion of semi-ellipsoidal invariant sets for constrained linear systems reported in previous research. The paper shows that by proper use of the control input, concatenations of semi-ellipsoidal sets can be made invariant for the trajectories of PWA systems. Furthermore, based on these controlled invariant sets, the paper presents a result for stability of a closed-loop PWA system which is less conservative than existing approaches in the literature. In this result, it is shown that a PWA system is stable inside the intersection of any level set for a local Lyapunov function and the design set where the function is defined, provided the flow points inwards at the boundaries of the intersection. This result is less conservative than previous approaches and it enables the designer to have an estimation of a much larger region of exponential stability then it would be possible using previous results. A numerical example is presented, in which it is made clear by comparison with previous approaches that the estimated region of stability can be made significantly larger using the new stability conditions developed in this paper.
Electrophotographic printing of part and binder powders

A solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technique is described where powder is deposited layer‐by‐layer using electrophotographic printing. In the electrophotography process, powder is picked up and deposited using an electrostatically charged surface. A test bed was designed and constructed to study the application of electrophotography to SFF. It can precisely deposit powder in the desired shape on each layer. A polymer toner powder was used to build small components by thermally fusing each layer of printed powder using a hot compaction plate. The feasibility of 3D printing using this approach was also studied by printing a binder powder using electrophotography on to a part powder bed.
Psychology and the death‐awareness movement

(1974). Psychology and the death‐awareness movement. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology: Vol. 3, Death and Children, pp. 6-7.
Superparamagnetic behavior of Fe3GaAs precipitates in GaAs

Abstract We present magnetization measurements on Fe 3 GaAs clusters distributed throughout a layer 170 nm thick at the surface of a GaAs wafer. The clusters have 1.5, 4.4, and 28 nm mean diameters and effective moments of 240, 6000, and 10 000 Bohr magnetons. The 1.5 and 4.4 nm mean diameter clusters are internally aligned ferromagnetically and exhibit superparamagnetic behavior with low saturation fields and well-defined blocking temperatures. Superparamagnetic fits to the field-dependent magnetization well above the blocking temperature indicate a particle size distribution in agreement with electron microscopy studies. We find evidence in the 28 nm mean diameter clusters for multiple domains. Zero-field-cooled and field-cooled measurements reveal blocking temperatures of approximately 3.8, 35, and 290 K for increasing cluster diameters.
The financial institution as a racketeering enterprise: RICO and beyond

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to Section 901(a) of the Organized Crime Control Act of 1970, which deals with “Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations” and is popularly known as the “RICO” statute.Design/methodology/approach – RICO was designed to protect legitimate enterprises from infiltration by organized crime. The paper discusses one case in which a bank, the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), was found to have violated RICO by engaging in prohibited racketeering activities and a second case in which another bank, UBS AG, engaged in activities criminal under US law. The paper then details some of the activities of the two banks and explores the remedies available under RICO.Findings – Following the failure of BCCI, the US filed a criminal information against the bank that included a forfeiture allegation under Section 1963 of RICO. In February of 2009, UBS AG, Switzerland's largest bank, entered into a Deferred Prosecution Agreement with the US De...
Topographic Signatures in Aquarius Radiometer and Scatterometer Response

Theory suggests that topography (large-scale roughness) will affect thermal emission at L-band and could impact remote sensing of surface parameters, such as soil moisture from space. Evidence is presented here for the existence of effects due to topography using data from the L-band radiometers and scatterometer aboard the recently launched Aquarius. The correlation with the slope standard deviation at the topographic scale is presented for data over North Africa and Australia. In the case of the radiometer, brightness temperature is observed to increase at horizontal polarization and decrease at vertical polarization. In the case of the scatterometer, an increase with topographic roughness is observed for both polarizations. The presence of the scatterometer provides an independent verification that the behavior observed is due to topography and the observations are consistent with predictions based on Monte Carlo simulations.
II.—On some Belgian Fossil Reptiles

I have read with much interest the two articles which Messrs. G. A. Boulenger and R. Lydekker have recently published in the Geological Magazine, and I should be very much obliged if you would permit me to make an addition, which appears to me useful, and which I should be glad to see published. 1. Pseudotrionyx.—1. I have remarked with satisfaction that it has been possible for the above-named naturalists to refer to P. Delheidi , a Tortoise of the London-clay. This discovery is doubly interesting, in the first place because it shows the existence of the Belgian fossil in England, in the second place, because it establishes the existence of the Bruxelliau (Middle Eocene) Chelonian in the Ypresian epoch (Lower Eocene).
Modified sedimentation‐dispersion model for solids in a three‐phase slurry column

Solids distribution data for a three-phase, batch-fluidized slurry bubble column (SBC) are presented, using air as the gas phase, pure liquids and solutions as the liquid phase, and glass beads and carborundum catalyst powder as the solid phase. Solids distribution data for the three-phase SBC operated in a continuous mode of operation are also presented, using nitrogen as the gas phase, water as the liquid phase, and glass beads as the solid phase. A new model to provide a reasonable approach to predict solids concentration distributions for systems containing polydispersed solids is presented. The model is a modification of standard sedimentation-dispersion model published earlier. Empirical correlations for prediction of hindered settling velocity and solids dispersion coefficient for systems containing polydispersed solids are presented. A new method of evaluating critical gas velocity (CGV) from concentrations of the sample withdrawn at the same port of the SBC is presented. Also presented is a new mapping for CGV which separates the two regimes in the SBC, namely, incomplete fluidization and complete fluidization.
Analysis of Glutamate Receptor Surface Expression in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Trafficking of receptors to and from the cell surface is a powerful mechanism for regulating neuronal excitability. To date, the majority of studies concerning glutamate receptor trafficking have been performed in neuronal cultures in which surface expression can be readily assayed by immunofluorescence techniques. Results from such studies have had important implications in the field of synaptic plasticity. However, cultured neurons are, by necessity, prepared from very young animals. Moreover, although an enhancement of excitatory neurotransmission can be induced in such systems, classic long-term potentiation (LTP) can be produced only in acute slices or in vivo. To study trafficking in adult tissues, we have adapted two biochemical techniques, proteolysis and cross-linking. These techniques help define surface-expressed and intracellular pools of native receptors in acute hippocampal slices.
Reconsidering Rightward Scrambling: Postverbal Constituents in Hindi-Urdu

In the most recent account of rightward displacement in Hindi-Urdu, Bhatt and Dayal (2007) claim that all postverbal constituents are derived via rightward movement of a remnant VP. In this article, I argue that the remnant-VP approach does not allow us to make distinctions between the positioning requirements of DPs and CPs. I propose an account of rightward scrambling (following Mahajan 1988) that captures the correlation in Hindi-Urdu between scope and linear order, and I claim that finite complement CPs do not undergo scrambling, but are instead obligatorily aligned to the right edge of their containing clause at the level of PF.
Model validation for structured uncertainty models

Model validation concerns the problem of determining if an observed data record is consistent with a given model with prescribed uncertainty bounds. We consider time-domain and frequency-domain validation of linear fractional transformation (LFT) uncertainty models with multiple uncertainty blocks. These structured uncertainty models serve as the basic model for H/sub /spl infin// and /spl mu/-synthesis robust control design. For these uncertainty models, we propose a computationally efficient approximate validation method based on a convex weighted optimization and H/sub /spl infin// filtering. A simple numerical example is presented.
Conceptual Revolutions in Science

By now, most analytical philosophers are accustomed to putting their thoughts about morals into a different box from their thoughts about science. By doing this, however, one may conceal the fact that, at the heart of both ethics and the philosophy of science, there lies a common problem — the problem of evaluation. Human conduct can be rated as acceptable or unacceptable, fruitful or misguided, can be approved of or judged inadequate. But so can human ideas, theories, explanations. And this is no simple play on words. In either case — whether moral or intellectual — we can inquire about the standards, criteria or other considerations involved in an evaluative appraisal, and about the bearing of those ‘considerations’ on the actual force and implications of the appraisal. So it is worth asking ourselves, from time to time, whether ethics and philosophy of science might not be more alike than they at present are.
A weak value inequality as a test for local realism

We derive a weak value inequality for a particle pair that should be satisfied under specific assumptions of local realism. Any correlated quantum particle pair can produce unbounded violations of this inequality.
Purification of the DNA Polymerase of Avian Myeloblastosis Virus

Abstract DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus has been purified by a combination of column chromatography and gel filtration methods. The isolated enzyme sediments at approximately 6 S and consists of two subunits of molecular weights 110 000 and 69 000. It is free of RNA and DNA endonuclease activity. The enzyme possesses the RNA-, DNA-, and hybrid-directed polymerase activities found in the virion.
Selective eye movements to simultaneously presented stimuli during discrimination

Human Ss, when given a discrimination task whose stimuli varied in dimension and relevance, always chose and ftxated more frequently the stimulus they had been reinforced for choosing. Decreasing the brightness reduced the choice and ftxation preference for form stimuli over line stimuli and raised total ftxation frequency. Ss decreased fixation frequency to discriminanda with practice.