cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Euonymus Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Euonymus spp. Survival in Southern New England, with Estimates of Economic Costs of Pest Damage

In the landscape in southern New England, Euonymus fortunei (L-) tagged plants heavily. infested with euonymus scale. Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), suffered 12.1% mortality annually, a 4-fold increase compared to noninfested or less infested plants. Of 3,549 landscape euonymus plants in Massachusetts examined from 1989 to 1992, 20.9% had heavy scale infestations. Statewide surveys in 1992 and 1993 in Massachusetts found euonymus plant densities of 0.66 plants per commercial and 0.49 plants per residential property. Using federal census data (1990) indicating that there were 90,896 commercial and 1.622,900 residential properties in Massachusetts, the number of euonymus plants in Massachusetts was calculated as approximately 821,846. Because 20.9% (171,766) of these plants are heavily infested and therefore at increased risk of mortality- from euonymus scale, an estimated 15,803 euonymus plant deaths can be attributed to euonymus scale annually in Massachusetts (after allowance for mortality rates in uninfested or less infested plants). Annual economic losses from euonymus scale in Massachusetts (at $22.50 per replacement plant) are therefore approximately &35,568, or for southern New England as a whole, approximately &711,135.
Xenarthronyssus furmani, n. gen., n. sp. (Acarina: Dasyponyssidae), parasites of armadillos, with two subspecies.

Xenarthronyssus , n. gen., is erected for X. furmani , n. sp., off Central and South American armadillos. Two subspecies are described, X. f. furmani off Dasypus hybridus in Uruguay and X. f. bifidus off Dasypus novemcinctus in Panama. The family Dasyponyssidae is here restricted to the Neotropical genera Dasyponyssus Fonseca, 1940 (type species D. neivai ) and Xenarthrotiyssus . Manitherionyssidae, n. fam., is proposed for the Ethiopian genus Manitherionyssus Vitzthum, 1925 (type species Liponyssus heterotarsus Vitzthum, 1925).
Parathyroid and thyroid imaging

Whether to perform preoperative imaging for parathyroid adenomas is controversial in the "virgin neck" because surgery without imaging is successful in more than 90% of cases. To detect ectopic adenomas or unresected adenomas after failure of initial surgery often requires both a functional study, such as technetium-99m sestamibi nuclear scintigram, and a morphologic study, such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging for anatomic landmarks. Most dominant thyroid masses require fine-needle aspiration for diagnosis. Nuclear scintigraphy is useful when the lesion is warm or hot, making a malignancy less likely, but cold lesions are nonspecific. Unless a mass is shown to infiltrate the surrounding soft tissue or spread to lymph nodes, the findings on most cross-sectional imaging studies are also nonspecific.
Porcine immunoglobulin transfer after prepartum treatment with selenium or vitamin E.

Responses to prepartum injection of sows with Se and vitamin E (E) were evaluated by determining immunoglobulin (IgA, IgM, IgG) levels in the colostrum and serum of the sows and the serum of their offspring. Fifty-four sows (40 multiparous, 14 primiparous) receiving diets adequate in E and Se according to current NRC (1988) standards were randomly allotted to four treatment groups in which a single i.m. injection of saline (controls), 5 mg of Se, 1,000 IU of E, or both Se and E were given on d 100 of gestation. Sows were bled prior to and 7 d after injection, at farrowing and on d 14 and 28 of lactation. Colostral samples were collected at the initiation of farrowing. Pigs were bled 20 h postpartum and at 14 and 28 d of age. Major immunoglobulin changes in the serum of the sows due to treatment were not seen prior to parturition. Injections of Se and(or) E resulted in higher colostral IgM levels (8.4, 10.7, 9.8 and 9.6 mg/ml, respectively), but only the response from Se was significant (P less than .05). Concentrations of colostral IgA or IgG were not affected by treatment (P greater than .30). Compared with controls, all three treatments increased (P less than .10) IgM concentrations in serum from pigs at birth (28.3, 33.3, 36.0 and 33.5 mg/ml, respectively), whereas IgA and IgG concentrations were not affected (P greater than .30).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reactions of 3-Ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde Bis(N4-dimethylthiosemicarbazonato)-Zinc(II) with Tumor Cells and Mitochondria

Physicochemical and biological properties of bis(thiosemicarbazonato)-zinc complexes have been investigated. Respiration of Ehrlich ascites cells is inhibited by 3-ethoxy-2-oxobutyraldehyde bis(N 4 -dimethylthiosemicarbazonato)-zinc(II). Zinc ion is much less effective, but the thiosemicarbazone ligand initially stimulates, then depresses, oxygen uptake. State 3 oxygen uptake of tumor cell mitochondria is more sensitive to this zinc complex than is state 4. In bovine heart mitochondria respiratory inhibition occurs almost exclusively in state 3. The insensitivity of the electron transport chain to the complex was confirmed with Keilin-Hartree particles. Formation constants and partition coefficients for several bis(thiosemicarbazonato)-zinc complexes are used to interpret the different behavior of zinc ion, thiosemicarbazone ligand, and zinc complex with tumor cells and mitochondria.
Mealtime behavior among parents and their young children with food allergy.

Abstract Background Food allergies are increasingly prevalent in the pediatric population. Balancing allergen avoidance with the promotion of healthy eating behaviors can be challenging for families. Objective To characterize mealtime behaviors among parents of young children with food allergy. Methods Seventy-four parents of young children with food allergies (≤7 years of age) completed measures of mealtime behavior, perceptions of food allergy risk and severity, pediatric parenting stress, and food allergy–related quality of life. Mealtime behavior reports were compared with published data regarding typically developing children, young children with type 1 diabetes, and children with diagnosed feeding disorders (with or without related medical factors). Results Parents of young children with food allergies reported frequent mealtime concerns. Specifically, they reported significantly more mealtime behavioral concerns than typically developing peers, comparable mealtime behavioral concerns to young children with type 1 diabetes, and significantly fewer mealtime behavioral concerns than children with diagnosed feeding disorders. Parental mealtime concerns were positively correlated with other parent perceptions of food allergy, such as risk of allergen exposure, illness-related parenting stress, and food allergy–related quality of life. Conclusion Young children with food allergy and their parents are more likely to exhibit mealtime behavioral concerns than typically developing peers and their parents. Future research should investigate the effect of food allergies and maladaptive mealtime behaviors on children's nutrition to provide clinical guidelines for parents who may benefit from psychosocial and/or nutritional support.
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pelvic Pain

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) involves surgically implanting electrodes into the epidural space in an effort to neuromodulate pain signal transmission via electrical stimulus. The procedure is minimally invasive and reversible. This technology is often successful when other methods of pain control, conservative and aggressive, have failed. The most common indications include post–lumbar laminectomy syndrome (previously referred to as failed back surgery syndrome, or FBSS), phantom limb pain, ischemic pain, and peripheral neuropathy [1]. Patients afflicted with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) will often fail conservative therapy. Electrical neuromodulation with SCS has shown early success in the treatment of CPP.
Hard Drive Imaging

Abstract This chapter aims to jump-start individuals interested in computer forensics and or data recovery. It also serves as a refresher for those already in the field and an eye opener for the future. This chapter discusses hard drive imaging, touching on challenges solid state drives pose and the necessary hardware and software tools needed for forensic investigations and data recovery. It is not data intensive but rather brief, and it serves as a refresher and short guide for those beginning in the field.
Allosteric Enzyme- and Transporter-Based Interactions

Allosterism in enzymes and transporters can result in alterations in kinetic profiles and in rates of metabolism and transport. Cooperativity due to allosteric interactions has been observed with drug-metabolizing enzymes such as the cytochromes P450 and the uridine glucuronosyltransferases. In addition, transporters such as P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein have been demonstrated to also exhibit allosteric interactions resulting in cooperativity. Kinetic profiles such as autoactivation (sigmoidal profile), biphasic and substrate inhibition have been observed to occur due to homotropic cooperativity, and heteroactivation has been observed to occur due to heterocooperativity. Numerous examples of all types of allosteric interactions have been observed in vitro but in vivo examples are limited. The correct kinetic equation should be applied to kinetic profiles to properly estimate kinetic parameters for use in in vitro–in vivo correlations.
Hacking social network data mining

Over the years social network data has been mined to predict individuals' traits such as intelligence and sexual orientation. While mining social network data can provide many beneficial services to the user such as personalized experiences, it can also harm the user when used in making critical decisions such as employment. In this work, we investigate the reliability of applying data mining techniques on social network data to predict various individual traits. In spite of the preliminary success of such data mining applications, in this paper, we demonstrate the vulnerabilities of existing state of the art social network data mining techniques when they are facing malicious attacks. Our results indicate that making critical decisions, such as employment or credit approval, based solely on social network data mining results is still premature at this stage. Specifically, we explore Facebook likes data for predicting the traits of a Facebook user, including their political views and sexual orientation. We perform several types of malicious attacks on the predictive models to measure and understand their potential vulnerabilities. We find that existing predictive models built on social network data can be easily manipulated and suggest some countermeasures to prevent some of the proposed attacks.
Repeated Administration of Opra Kappa (LY2456302), a Novel, Short-Acting, Selective KOP-r Antagonist, in Persons with and without Cocaine Dependence.

The κ-opioid receptor (KOP-r) system and its endogenous ligands, the dynorphins, are involved in the neurobiological regulation of addictive states, and of mood. There are limited data on the impact of selective KOP-r antagonism in humans on basic biobehavioral functions, or on addictive diseases and mood disorders. Previously studied selective KOP-r antagonists have unusual pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties (slow development of KOP-r selectivity, extremely long duration of action) that limit translation to human studies. A recently developed selective KOP-r-antagonist, Opra Kappa (LY2456302; CERC-501), has medication-like duration of action, oral bioavailability, and target engagement. The current study is the first investigation of the effects of a KOP-r-antagonist in cocaine-dependent persons in comparison with normal volunteers. In a stress-minimized inpatient setting, we determined the neuroendocrine and neurobehavioral effects of repeated administration of an active dose of Opra Kappa (10 mg p.o. daily, four consecutive days in comparison with an initial baseline day). Healthy volunteers (n=40), persons diagnosed with cocaine dependence in early abstinence (<2 months, EACD) (n=23), and drug-free former cocaine-dependent persons (7-month to 25-year abstinence, DFFCD) (n=7) were studied, with measurements including circulating neuroendocrine hormones, affect, and, in cocaine-dependent persons, cocaine craving. Modest adverse events related to Opra Kappa included pruritus, observed in a subset of individuals. No significant change was observed in serum prolactin levels following Opra Kappa administration, but modest increases in circulating adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol were observed. No significant changes were noted in measures of depression or cocaine craving in this stress-minimized setting. Overall, these studies demonstrate that effects of 10 mg Opra Kappa are largely consistent with those predicted for a selective KOP-r antagonist. This medication regimen was tolerable, and is therefore feasible for further studies in cocaine-dependent persons.
Textiles and Silver: The Indian Ocean in a Global Frame

The chapter examines the textile trade in the Indian Ocean between 1600 and the present day through a global lens. The seventeenth to the nineteenth centuries marked the heyday of the Indian Ocean trading system, with the textile world of the Indian Ocean reaching into East Asia, Europe and the Atlantic—the silver from these three areas helping to fuel commerce. From the early nineteenth century to 1913, the Indian Ocean trading system was eclipsed as cloth consumption habits were reshaped globally. In the final period, from 1913 to the present, cloth production expanded in the Indian Ocean—although the region’s coherence as a trading system was lost through nationalism and, more recently, globalization; its regional economy is now enmeshed in a global trading order.
Metabolic Aspects of Aging in Diploid Human Cells

Aging may reflect, in part, the outcome of environmental stresses on cells and tissues; a question of major interest, however, is whether a mechanism independent of the environment exists at the cellular level and operates in such a manner that senescence and death are the programmed destiny of normal mammalian cells and tissues. A model system which allows an approach to some aspects of this question is provided by the diploid human cell lines [1,2]. During serial subcultivation these cells retain many of the characteristics of normal cells in situ, such as a stable diploid karyotype and sex chromatin in the interphase nuclei of female cells. In addition, it is now well established that these normal cells will proliferate in culture for varying, but finite periods of time; and that following a period of rapid and vigorous. proliferation, the growth of the population slows down, the cells become granular, debris accumulates, and ultimately, the culture degenerates.
Digital Processing and Immuno-Regulatory Circuits

Although I rather doubt that semiotics per se has a lot to contribute to immunoregulatory notation and concepts, there is little question that this area requires some innovative structuring to provide a more facile framework for conceiving and discussing ideas. I have no clear-cut view of how this is to be accomplished; however, since any attempts in this direction must begin with the development of a catalog of data and concepts upon which overall theory can be based, I have tried to identify several key aspects of my own work that seem important to these deliberations.
(Ap)Praising Vetements: the Celebrity Digital Surface and the Making of a Leading Fashion Brand

In this paper, I situate the meteoric rise of the Parisian fashion collective Vetements within the paratextual circulation of celebrity images that have accompanied the press, media, and publicity coverage for this brand. I argue that “selling out” is a pithy turn-of-phrase that is useful for understanding Vetements’ aesethetic and business sensibilities. As the literalness of the translation of Vetements into “clothes” makes clear, Vetements strips the wide-eyed lure of luxury fashion –one that evokes both the extravagancy of the runway or red carpet and the expert craftsmanship of couture—and replaces it with a form of what I am calling spectacular mundanity , offering products that are simultaneously more and less real than your mother’s weathered, vintage Champion hoodie . The brand’s exchange value, I argue, is made extravagant not through any notion of intrinsic worth, as is the case with couture and the logics of congealed labor and expert craft held therein, but rather through the symbolic surplus value generated through the brand’s proximity to celebrity culture and its discursively constructed status as an “it brand”.
Athoplastus Johnson and Etzler (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Dendrometrinae), a New Genus of Click Beetle from the Northwestern Continental USA

Athoplastus Johnson and Etzler, new genus, is described for two species formerly in Ctenicera Latreille, 1829: Athoplastus acutus (Knull, 1946), new combination, and Athoplastus rainieri (Van Dyke, 1932) new combination; and two new species occurring in the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. Athoplastus lochsa Etzler and Johnson, new species, from northern Idaho and Athoplastus palouse Etzler and Johnson, new species, from easternWashington and northern Idaho are described. The larva of A. acutus is described, matching Montana adults with COI barcoding. Cool-season vernal activity observations on ethology, habitat, and phenology are provided. Taxonomic comparisons are also given.
Learning From Temporal Relationships: Childbirth and Breast Cancer Risk.

In their article, Nichols and colleagues report the results of a large and sophisticated analysis of the relationship between childbirth and breast cancer risk. The editorial discusses the insight ...
Computational Analysis of the Mature Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity on Nasal Patency.

Background:Nasal airway obstruction (NAO) due to nasal anatomic deformities is known to be more common among cleft patients than the general population, yet information is lacking regarding severity and variability of cleft-associated nasal obstruction relative to other conditions causing NAO. This
Guinea Pigs in the Spanish Colonial Andes: Culinary and Ritual Transformations

Following Spanish colonization, the food and symbolic roles of domesticated guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) changed depending on geographic setting and the ethnic composition of inhabitants. I draw on archaeology, ethnohistory, historical imagery, and historical studies to explore how Spanish social perceptions regarding edible food animals and the human body altered the culinary and ritual uses of guinea pigs after the conquest. Zooarchaeological data from Spanish colonial sites in Peru and Bolivia document differential use of guinea pigs depending on site function and who lived there. Contemporary European artistic representations show how people transformed guinea pigs into pets.
Synthesis of multifunctional microdiamonds on stainless steel substrates by chemical vapor deposition

Abstract We report on the synthesis of multifunctional microdiamonds by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steel (SS) substrates. The increase in wettability achieved by surface scratching and the structure of ultra-dense Q-carbon achieved high nucleation density and minimized strains in diamond films. Notably, these diamond films exhibit a high amount of twinning, leading to the formation of five-fold microdiamonds. The diamonds on scratched SS substrate and Q-carbon interlayer exhibit a full width at half maximum of 8.25 cm−1 and 11.5 cm−1, compared to 26 cm−1 on bare SS substrate. The diamond films grown on bare SS substrate exhibited cracking due to high tensile stress of 2.3 GPa, ascribed to thermal mismatch between SS and diamond. The electron backscattered diffraction investigations reveal iron inclusions in diamonds synthesized on bare SS substrates, which may create ferromagnetism in these diamonds. This route, compared to the ion beam implantation method using ferromagnetic ions, yields better samples. At 800 °C, 1012 Fe atoms/cm2s are transferred from the SS substrate into the diamonds. The dominant growth orientation for these CVD diamonds was determined to be out of plane. These multifunctional microdiamonds are useful for biomedical, electronic, and tribological applications.
Transnational Couples Parenting in the United States: A story of Integration, Navigation, and Resilience:

Over a million people migrate and resettle in the United States every year. Subsequent to the diversification of the U.S. population is a rising rate in transnational marriage. Juxtaposed with the ...
Remote Online Project: Traveling in a Virtual World, Researching Microbes

The undergraduate general microbiology course-based research projects were disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020. Therefore, we developed a remote online research project that combines aspects of microbiology lectures and laboratory techniques. The project allows students to virtually travel to environmental sites to research different microorganisms. This virtual project successfully replaced the in-person laboratory experience for the duration of the semester. We revised the project with assistance from undergraduate students enrolled in the spring course. Our revised virtual project helps students develop their scientific writing and presentation skills while applying microbiology course and laboratory knowledge. The project is designed to create a more equal and equitable assessment process by including detailed guidelines and rubrics. Projects are easy to implement and can be completed within 5 to 6 weeks. The project will promote students' understanding of the process of scientific research and enrich academic development.
The effects of home-based teleworking on work-family conflict

A key issue in HRD is to identify and determine factors that influence the performance of employees and organizations. Two possible factors are the initiation of teleworking and the reduction of work-family conflict. The purpose of this survey questionnaire study was to investigate the differences in work-family conflict between full-time worksite employees and full-time teleworking employees (individuals who worked from home at least two days per week). Two hundred and twenty-one usable surveys were returned from full-time teleworkers and nonteleworkers in seven corporate organizations. The findings indicate that teleworkers had lower levels of various dimensions of work-family conflict. Relationships were also found between work-family conflict and gender, health, number of hours worked, and number of children.
A Magnetic Dipole Model for the Crab Explosion

Dr. Ostriker suggested that the main features of the Crab Nebula, in particular the value of its magnetic field and the energy of the particles, could be derived very simply and directly from the known characteristics of the pulsar. The link was through the radiation from a spinning dipole. The following summary was prepared by the Editors.
Renal lithiasis demonstrated by Technetium 99m MDP bone scintigraphy

1027 Learning Objectives 1. To present the imaging features suggestive of renal lithiasis on routine technetium 99m MDP bone scintigraphy, and 2. To stress the importance of correlation between bone scan and existing conventional radiology to firmly establish the diagnosis of renal stones. Technetium 99m MDP bone scintigraphy is frequently performed for the comprehensive evaluation of osseous metastasis or acute bone injury not fully assessed by radiography or computed tomography. Information from functional kidneys is readily available to imagers on bone scan and should be fully exploited. This exhibit presents a case series of renal lithiasis at different locations of the urinary system demonstrated by bone scintigraphy. For each instance of renal stone uptake, features and clues suggestive of this diagnosis are reviewed and discussed. This exhibit also presents the potential mechanisms of tracer distribution to renal stones and emphasizes the need for imaging correlation between nuclear medicine and available conventional radiology to detect renal lithiasis
Detection of Damage Initiation and Growth of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Epoxy Composites

The effect of nano-deformation, damage and growth of carbon nanotubes (CNT's) reinforced polymer composites is investigated using electro-mechanical response at different loading conditions. Three different polymer systems namely epoxy, epoxy reinforced with gas bubbles (that induces porosity) and epoxy reinforced with Aluminum Silicate hollow microspheres (Cenospheres) are used in this study. CNT's of different weight percentages are loaded into above three polymer systems and a combination of shear mixing and ultrasonication processes are used to fabricate composites. A four-point probe method is used to measure high resolution electrical response when the above polymer systems are subjected to mechanical loads. The effect of various types of mechanical loading on different stages of deformation of test samples, onset of damage and growth as a function of either glass bubbles or cenospheres in epoxy are discussed using high-resolution electro-mechanical response of polymer systems.
Psychological adaptation to illness: a personal Odyssey and suggestions for physicians.

In this article, I review my personal odyssey in dealing with Hodgkin's disease over the past 8 years in an attempt to share insights on coping with illness. My purpose is to help physicians both professionally, as they interact with patients, and personally, as they face illness themselves or help a family member, colleague, or friend face illness. I then review Elisabeth Kubler-Ross's writings on adaptation to illness and discuss their implications.
A mutant T7 RNA polymerase as a DNA polymerase

We have identified a T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) mutant that efficiently utilizes deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. In vitro this mutant will synthesize RNA, DNA or 'transcripts' of mixed dNMP/rNMP composition depending on the mix of NTPs present in the synthesis reaction. The mutation is conservative, changes Tyr639 within the active site to phenylalanine and does not affect promoter specificity or overall activity. Non-conservative mutations of this tyrosine also reduce discrimination between deoxyribo- and ribonucleoside triphosphates, but these mutations also cause large activity reductions. Of 26 mutations of other residues in and around the active site examined none showed marked effects on rNTP/dNTP discrimination. Mutations of the corresponding tyrosine in DNA polymerase (DNAP) I increase miscoding, though effects on dNTP/rNTP discrimination for the DNAP I mutations have not been reported. This conserved tyrosine may therefore play a similar role in many polymerases by sensing incorrect geometry in the structure of the substrate/template/product due to inappropriate substrate structure or mismatches. T7 RNAP can use RNA templates as well as DNA templates and is capable of both primer extension and de novo initiation. The Y639F mutant retains the ability to use RNA or DNA templates. Thus this mutant can display de novo initiated or primed DNA-directed DNA polymerase, reverse transcriptase, RNA-directed RNA polymerase or DNA-directed RNA polymerase activities depending simply on the templates and substrates presented to it in the synthesis reaction.
Withdrawal Assessment Following Subchronic Oral Ketamine Administration in Cynomolgus macaques

Recently there is increased regulatory interest in the assessment of physical dependence and withdrawal as part of the safety assessment for novel therapeutic entities. Choosing appropriate and sensitive parameters to detect withdrawal syndromes, and relevant positive control comparator drugs that can be administered in the same manner as the test agent, are critical study design elements. Pilot studies to determine the effects of oral ketamine in cynomolgus monkeys during, and following cessation of treatment, were explored. Detailed behavioral observations (both remote and interactive), food consumption, and body weight and temperature, were assessed during the dose-ranging, repeat dose (5 or 14 days), and withdrawal phases (3 or 5 days). Doses explored during dose-ranging included 20, 40, 100, or 200 mg/kg ketamine; subsequent withdrawal assessments were conducted following repeat dosing of 150 mg/kg. In the 14-day dosing study, exposure to ketamine and norketamine was assessed following 8 days of dosing. Administration of 150 mg/kg ketamine produced decreased activity, loss of balance, ataxia, hunched posture, nystagmus, lateral recumbence, and changes in alertness levels during dosing phases. When ketamine was withdrawn, increased reactivity, increased activity, and stereotypic behaviors were demonstrated that were absent during baseline or the dosing phase of the studies.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces neurovascular inflammation and protects rat brain following transient focal cerebral ischemia.

Ischemic stroke is a neurovascular disease treatable by thrombolytic therapy, but the therapy has to be initiated within 3 h of the incident. This therapeutic limitation stems from the secondary injury which results mainly from oxidative stress and inflammation. A potent antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agent, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has potential to mitigate stroke’s secondary injury, and thereby widening the therapeutic window. We observed that CAPE protected the brain in a dose-dependent manner (1–10 mg/kg body weight) and showed a wide therapeutic window (about 18 h) in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The treatment also increased nitric oxide and glutathione levels, decreased lipid peroxidation and nitrotyrosine levels, and enhanced cerebral blood flow. CAPE down-regulated inflammation by blocking nuclear factor kappa B activity. The affected mediators included adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Anti-inflammatory action of CAPE was further documented through reduction of ED1 (marker of activated macrophage/microglia) expression. The treatment inhibited apoptotic cell death by down-regulating caspase 3 and up-regulating anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. Conclusively, CAPE is a promising drug candidate for ischemic stroke treatment due to its inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, and its clinically relevant wide therapeutic window.
Analysis of Structural Social Capital in Online Social Networks

Structural capital focuses on the advantages derived from the patterns of an actor's connections within a social network. This paper investigates structural social capital in the form of brokerage and closure through the lens of triadic analysis in four popular and public online social networks, namely, Facebook, Twitter, Slashdot, and You Tube. Through a ratio of the census of open and closed triads, the analysis reveals that these four networks are overwhelmingly rich in brokerage capital. Brokerage triads are further classified into three types according to the role of the broker: (i) Tertius Gaudens (broker as a competitor), (ii) Tertius Inguens (broker as a coordinator), and (iii) Conduit (broker as a mediator). Closure triads are further classified according to the number of mutual dyadic connections. Exploring the distributions of brokerage and closure classes and their constituent triads reveals that for each online social network (OSN) these proportions are deeply rooted in the purpose and objectives of socialization. On Facebook, users form relationships for social sharing, and nurture these bonds based on strong offline friendships. Relationships on Twitter serve two purposes, social sharing and gathering news and information. Finally, users on Slashdot and You Tube create links based on their shared interests in news stories and videos respectively, and appear less interested in cultivating friendships.
Gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MR of the brain: clinical utility and safety in patients younger than two years of age.

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical utility and safety of gadopentetate dimeglumine as a contrast agent for MR of the brain in patients younger than 2 years of age. METHODS In 125 consecutive patients younger than 2 years of age, MR images obtained before and after gadopentetate dimeglumine administration (0.1 mmol/kg) were independently and prospectively evaluated. After interpreting the unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images, we rated the utility of contrast administration in each patient as not helpful, helpful, or essential for formulation of the radiologic diagnosis. Ratings were categorized both on the basis of the referring clinical diagnoses and on the basis of a radiologic diagnosis that was established from the clinical history and from the findings on the precontrast and postcontrast T1- and T2-weighted images. Patients9 vital signs were recorded, and general medical status was observed for 120 minutes after gadopentetate dimeglumine administration. RESULTS In no case did gadopentetate dimeglumine permit detection of lesions when precontrast T1- and T2-weighted images were normal. In only 4 of 125 patients were postcontrast images considered essential for establishing the radiologic diagnosis. Abnormal contrast enhancement was radiologically helpful in 20 of 125 patients. Lack of enhancement was considered helpful in 22 of 125 patients. No adverse clinical events or clinically important trends in vital signs were observed after contrast administration. CONCLUSION The indiscriminate use of contrast agents in the MR imaging of patients younger than 2 years of age is not warranted. Appropriate decisions regarding the use of gadopentetate dimeglumine can be based on the findings in unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted images and on the referring clinical diagnosis.
Analyzing the intersections of institutional and discourse identities in engineering work at the local level

In this study, we examine the ways in which engineering identities are constructed through language by both student and professional engineers and their colleagues in practice. Drawing on the work of James Gee, we explore the ways that discourse both reflects and shapes engineering work, and thus engineering identity, in particular local contexts. In particular, we explore the ways multiple dimensions of identity interact in daily work by examining the ways institutional identities afforded by local contexts intersect with the discursive identities enacted in social processes. Intended as a complement to research in both science, technology, and society and writing studies that seeks general patterns of identity across engineering, this paired case study examines the ways in which engineers describe and enact their work differently in response to different local institutional and discursive contexts. Gee's framework, with its attention to identities as they are constructed in specific social interactions,...
Derived X chromosome in the turtle genus Staurotypus

C-banding, G-banding, and silver (Ag-AS) staining techniques reveal a distinctive sex chromosome system in the turtle Staurotypus salvinii. Unlike previously described systems in most other vertebrate groups in which the Y or W is derived and the homogametic sex represents the primitive condition, the reverse is true for S. salvinii. The X chromosome is derived; thus the homogametic sex (female) is more derived than the heterogametic sex. The male is intermediate between the female and the ancestral condition observed in other turtle species. Staurotypus does not confirm to the general model of sex chromosome evolution for diploid dioecious organisms.
Asymmetry and duality in topology

Abstract Many mathematical structures come in symmetric and asymmetric versions. Classical examples include commutative and noncommutative algebraic structures, as well as symmetric preorders (=equivalence relations) and asymmetric such (usually partial orders). In these cases, there is always a duality available, whose use simplifies their study, and which reduces to the identity in the symmetric case. Also, in each of these cases, while symmetry is a simplifying assumption, there are many useful asymmetric examples. A similar phenomenon occurs in general topology, although in this case there are often many available useful duals. There are also many useful asymmetric spaces, such as the finite T0 spaces and the unit interval with the upper, or lower topology (in fact the Scott and lower topologies on any continuous lattice). The latter, using a dual, gives rise to the usual topology and order on the unit interval.
A histological study of tissue proliferation, embryogenesis, and organogenesis from tissue cultures ofDactylis glomerata L.

Histological information is presented on the origin of initial tissue proliferation and on embryogenesis and organogenesis in sub-cultured tissue derived from mature orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) embryos. Embryos were plated on an LS agar medium containing 20 μM 2,4-D. Examination of cultures between 96 and 144 hours after plating showed parenchyma proliferation originating primarily from the coleorhiza, especially the basal portion. Within 28 days after plating, the tissue showed various degrees and kinds of organized structures including lobed meristematic regions with vascular tissue. These are thought to develop ultimately into aerial roots which are common in grass tissue cultures. Subcultured tissue on 1.0 μM 2,4-D medium showed somatic embryos completely isolated from the tissue mass suggestingde novo embryogenesis. Organogenesis was evident by shoot apical meristems existing on the surface of the tissue mass without attached roots and root meristems without shoots within the tissue. The observations are discussed in relation to the anatomy of the grass embryo.
Linking Letters: Translating Ancient History into Medieval Romance

This essay won the 2006 Literature Compass Graduate Essay Prize, Medieval Section. In his prologue to the late fourteenth-century romance, the Destruction of Troy, John Clerk of Whalley negotiates between his roles as translator, historian and alliterative poet to introduce his account of the fall of Troy for medieval English readers. Professing to tell the true story of Britain's ancient ancestors, he invokes the fiction of translatio imperii, in which the power of empire passes from Troy to Rome to Britain. According to Clerk, his translation of Guido delle Colonne's Historia destructionis Troiae provides vernacular readers access to historical truth that had not previously been available to them. Clerk's assumption of Guido's history separates his romance from the historiographic tradition of the vastly influential Geoffrey of Monmouth, whose Historia regum Britannie celebrates Britain's Trojan ancestry and promises future glory to the Britons. Rather than venerate Troy as a font of imperial power, Guido condemns the martial policy of the Trojans that causes their defeat, characterizing Troy as a tainted origin of Western civilization. By comparing Clerk's text with another translation of Guido's Historia, John Lydgate's Troy Book, I argue that Clerk's translational method, which he calls a ‘linking of letters’, reflects a commitment to connecting a destructive past with an English present.
Characterization of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein-1 in prostate cells.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein-1 (IGFBP-rP1; also known as Mac25, TAF, and PSF) is a member of the IGFBP superfamily. It is a cysteine-rich protein that shares structural and functional similarities with the conventional IGFBPs. In situ hybridization of prostate tissue sections show intense IGFBP-rP1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression in normal stroma and glandular epithelium. There was a significant loss of detectable IGFBP-rP1 mRNA in metastatic prostate tissue. IGFBP-rP1 mRNA (Northern blots) and protein (immunoblots) were detectable in primary cultures of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells as well as in the immortalized nonmalignant prostatic human epithelial cells, P69, and in the P69 metastatic subline, M12. IGFBP-rP1 expression was not detectable in the prostatic cancer cell lines PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP. IGFBP-rP1 expression was regulated in P69 cells but not in M12 cells. Protein and mRNA expression was up-regulated by IGF-I, transforming growth factor-β, ...
Feature location via information retrieval based filtering of a single scenario execution trace

The paper presents a semi-automated technique for feature location in source code. The technique is based on combining information from two different sources: an execution trace, on one hand and the comments and identifiers from the source code, on the other hand. Users execute a single partial scenario, which exercises the desired feature and all executed methods are identified based on the collected trace. The source code is indexed using Latent Semantic Indexing, an Information Retrieval method, which allows users to write queries relevant to the desired feature and rank all the executed methods based on their textual similarity to the query. Two case studies on open source software (JEdit and Eclipse) indicate that the new technique has high accuracy, comparable with previously published approaches and it is easy to use as it considerably simplifies the dynamic analysis.
Data parallel sorting for particle simulation

Sorting on a parallel architecture is a communications intensive event which can incur a high penalty in applications where it is required. In the case of particle simulation, only integer sorting is necessary, and sequential implementations easily attain the minimum performance bound of O (N) for N particles. Parallel implementations, however, have to cope with the parallel sorting problem which, in addition to incurring a heavy communications cost, can make the minimun performance bound difficult to attain. This paper demonstrates how the sorting problem in a particle simulation can be reduced to a merging problem, and describes an efficient data parallel algorithm to solve this merging problem in a particle simulation. The new algorithm is shown to be optimal under conditions usual for particle simulation, and its fieldwise implementation on the Connection Machine is analyzed in detail. The new algorithm is about four times faster than a fieldwise implementation of radix sort on the Connection Machine.
Office Based Flexible Cystoscopy May be Less Painful for Men Allowed to View the Procedure

Purpose: An experienced urology nurse observed that patients seemed to tolerate the procedure better when allowed to see the monitor in real time during office based cystoscopy. We assessed the impact of this on visual analog scale pain scores.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consecutive male patients underwent flexible cystoscopy, as performed by a single surgeon during the study period. Patients were randomized into 2 groups. Patients in group 1 were allowed to visualize the video screen with the surgeon, while patients in group 2 had the screen positioned so that only the surgeon could visualize the procedure. Water soluble lubricant was used on all endoscopes and all men received 10 cc 2% viscous lidocaine intraurethral before cystoscopy. No sedatives or analgesics were administered. All patients provided consent before the procedure and they were asked to record their pain experience on a 100 mm visual analog pain scale as soon as the surgeon left the room.Results: Men who were allowed to visual...
Freedom's Women: Black Women and Families in Civil War Era Mississippi

"Frankel's scholarship in this carefully researched and clearly written study is impressive. . . . The study is thoroughly documented with 70 pages of footnotes and a 14-page bibliography, refleccting Frankel's grasp of the secondary literature as well as extensive work in primary documents." -Choice Freedom's Women examines African American women's experiences during the Civil War and early Reconstruction years in Mississippi. Exploring issues of family and work, the author shows how African American women's attempts to achieve more control over their lives shaped their attitudes toward work, marriage, family, and community.
SCREENING OF TRANSVERSE VIRTUAL PHOTONS IN THE STELLAR CORE

Abstract The electromagnetic two-body interaction energy between pairs of charged particles is modified in the thermal environment of the solar core. Irreducible diagrams involving the exchange of two transverse photons are shown to mediate an O (e 4 ) contribution to the static energy which is universally attractive between all pairs of particles in the plasma. This contribution turns out to be in gross violation of standard solar physics unless the dispersion relation ωt(k) for the transverse modes of the photon is altered to include the well-known transverse mass, mt2≃e2ne/me. This calculation can then be viewed as confirming the use of quasiparticle propagators for quantum processes in the solar core environment.
Probe Pressure Modulation Algorithm Reduces Extracerebral Contamination in Optical Measurements of Cerebral Blood Flow

We propose a novel algorithm to reduce extracerebral contamination in diffuse correlation spectroscopy measurements of cerebral blood flow in real time by varying probe pressure against the scalp.
Relationship between Hallux Limitus and Ulceration of the Great Toe.

Torque range of motion (TROM) measurements of the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) of the great toe were made to determine the relationship of joint stiffness and plantar ulceration. Subjects included 20 patients with a history of plantar ulceration of the great toe (GTU), 20 patients with a history of ulceration on the plantar surface of the foot excluding the great toe (NGTU), and 20 normal controls. Peak MTPJ extension was significantly reduced in the GTU group compared to NGTU and control groups (p < 0.0001). The slopes of the TROM and stiffness curves were significantly steeper (p < 0.0001) in the GTU group compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Results support the hypothesis that stiffness is a factor in plantar ulceration of the great toe.
Consumption Symbolism and Meaning in Works of Art: A Paradigmatic Case

This article examines the relevance of marketing and consumption phenomena to the interpretation of meaning in works of art. It suggests that, in general, consumption symbolism can contribute to the meaning of an artwork and that, in particular, consumer behaviour does work in this manner in at least one paradigmatic case example — namely, Painting Churches by Tina Howe. After tracing the symbolic use of consumption in that illustrative play, the paper concludes that this focus represents a potentially fertile area of enquiry and that, in this spirit, we should “Ask not what Art can do for Marketing and Consumer Research, but what they can do for Art.”
Relative Rates of Michael Reactions of 2‘-(Phenethyl)thiol with Vinyl Sulfones, Vinyl Sulfonate Esters, and Vinyl Sulfonamides Relevant to Vinyl Sulfonyl Cysteine Protease Inhibitors

[reaction: see text] The relative rates of Michael additions of 2'-(phenethyl)thiol to representative vinyl sulfonyl Michael acceptors were measured. The dependence of the reactivity of the Michael acceptor on the nature of the sulfonyl R substituent was determined in order to evaluate the effect of these substituents on the inactivation kinetics of comparably substituted vinyl sulfonyl cysteine protease inhibitors. The rates of these Michael additions vary over 3 orders of magnitude, with phenyl vinyl sulfonate esters (R = OPh) being ca. 3000-fold more reactive than N-benzyl vinyl sulfonamides (R = NHBn).