cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Mechanism of 6-Deoxyhexose Synthesis V. THE RELATION OF PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE TO THE STRUCTURE OF THE DEOXYTHYMIDINE DIPHOSPHATE-GLUCOSE OXIDOREDUCTASE

Abstract The deoxythymidine diphosphate d-glucose oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli is a protein of molecular weight 78,000, containing 1 mole of firmly bound DPN per mole of enzyme. Treatment of the enzyme with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate followed by removal of the mercurial with dithiothreitol releases bound DPN, and dissociates the protein into subunits of molecular weight 40,000, as determined by gel chromatography. This process is fully reversible. Inactive dimeric protein (mole wt 78,000) can also be formed by allowing the apoenzyme to react with the DPN analogue adenosine diphosphate ribose. The kinetics of reactivation of the apoenzyme with DPN suggests that the apoenzyme binds DPN with a dissociation constant of approximately 5 x 10-6 at 16° and 5 x 10-4 at 37°, followed by a slow conformational change (measured in minutes) to yield active enzyme. The apoenzyme appears to retain the substrate-binding site. Deoxythymidine diphosphate (a substrate analogue) specifically inhibits the rate of apoenzyme reactivation, and this inhibition can be reversed by the substrate deoxythymidine diphosphate glucose. The substrate analogue deoxythymidine diphosphate 6-deoxy-d-glucose reacts with enzyme to yield enzyme-DPNH and deoxythymidine diphosphate 4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose, the normal product of the reaction. The release of this product from enzyme-DPNH is, however, slower by at least three orders of magnitude, depending on temperature, pH, and ionic strength, than the release of the same product from enzyme-DPN in the normal catalytic reaction. The role of DPN and DPNH in the structure of the enzyme is discussed in the light of these observations.
Quorum-oriented multicast protocols for data replication

A family of communication protocols, called quorum multicasts, is presented that provides efficient communication services for widely replicated data. Quorum multicasts are similar to ordinary multicasts, which deliver a message to a set of destinations. The protocols extend this model by allowing delivery to a subset of the destinations, selected according to distance or expected data currency. These protocols provide well-defined failure semantics, and can distinguish between communication failure and replica failure with high probability. The authors have evaluated their performance, taking measurements of communication latency and failure in the Internet. A simulation study of quorum multicasts showed that they provide low latency and require few messages. A second study that measured a test application running at several sites confirmed these results. >
Teaching CPR in the Schools

(1979). Teaching CPR in the Schools. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 53-54.
Parallel Physical Optimization Algorithms for Data Mapping

Parallel algorithms, based on simulated annealing, neural networks and genetic algorithms, for mapping irregular data to multicomputers are presented and compared. The three algorithms deviate from the sequential versions in order to achieve acceptable speed-ups. The parallel annealing and neural algorithms include communication schemes adapted to the properties of the mapping problem and of the algorithms themselves. These schemes arc found useful for providing both good solutions and reasonable execution times. The parallel genetic algorithm is based on a model of natural evolution. The three algorithms preserve the high quality solutions and the non-bias properties of their sequential counterparts. Further, the comparison results show their suitability for different requirements of mapping time and quality.
Human!Trafficking!and!Sexual!Slavery:!A!Local!Epidemic!!

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Changes in Gene Expression in Adult Sympathetic Neurons after Axonal Injury

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the advances in the knowledge of the phenotype of axotomized peripheral neurons, concentrating on the phenotypic changes that occur in axotomized sympathetic neurons and the signals that trigger these changes. The decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in axotomized sympathetic neurons is accompanied by a decrease in TH mRNA. Changes can also be found in the mRNA levels of other proteins involved in synaptic transmission. Decreases in transmitter synthesis also occur in axotomized sensory and motor neurons. In addition to changes in neurotransmitter-neuromodulator levels in peripheral neurons after axotomy, changes have been found in their complement of receptors for these signaling molecules. Axotomy of peripheral neurons also produces increases in expression of certain proteins known to be involved in regeneration, such as tubulin and growth-associated protein (GAP)-43. In addition, several neuropeptides, not normally expressed by these neurons, are induced in response to axotomy. Some of these peptides might promote neuronal survival and/or fiber outgrowth under conditions in which the neurons are deprived of their target-derived trophic factors. Two events involved in triggering these phenotypic changes following axotomy have been identified: the induction and release of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in nonneuronal cells within the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and/or at the site of nerve transection and the reduction in levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the SCG as a consequence of the disconnection of the neurons from their target tissues. Other evidence confirms that dramatic changes occur in the nonneuronal population of the SCG after axotomy. Evidence for an endogenous LIF-inducing factor has also been reported in the chapter. In addition to LIF induction, a reduction in NGF levels in the SCG also plays an important role in triggering these changes.
Teaching two children with autism to follow a computer-mediated activity schedule utilizing Microsoft® Powerpoint® presentation software

Children with autism typically exhibit deficits in behavior and also in visual processing. Development and implementation of visually-cued instructional procedures, combined with electronic technology, have been used successfully to teach children with autism complex behavior chains. This study used photographic activity schedules on computer slideshow software to teach two children with autism to follow computer-mediated cues and engage in four play activities, and to transition between each activity in their homes without the presence of a trained behavior therapist. Results of this study demonstrated that these technologies can be utilized in children's homes to promote computer-mediated play behavior while eliminating the necessary cost of a home behavior therapist to prompt and supervise such activities.
Income Uncertainty and Household Saving in the United States

The recent economic recession which began in 2007 prompted many individuals and families to reconsider their spending and saving habits. The personal saving rate increased from a very low level prior to the recession to a higher level in 2009 and 2010 (Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010). At the same time, wealth declined and many families face increased income uncertainty with the loss of unemployment and retirement benefits. The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between income uncertainty and household saving in the United States. In contrast to many theories of saving, the results indicate that income uncertainty did not significantly affect the likelihood of household saving. Factors that differed significantly in their relationship with household saving between households experiencing and not experiencing income uncertainty were having a high school diploma, having some college, being widowed, low risk tolerance, and having a bequest motive.
High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Thick Films Fabrication and Film/Substrate Interactions

High Tc Y-Ba-Cu-O superconducting thick films having Tc at 87 K and R=O at 79 K have been successfully made by using conventional thick film screen printing technology on MgO and ZrO2 substrates. Film/substrate interactions were examined by electron microprobe analysis as a function of starting powders, heat treatments and substrates. At processing temperatures of 950°C, Ba and Y enrich at the substrate reaction boundary layer (~ 2 μm thick) with depletion of Cu in the superconductor for all the substrates we examined. On the other hand, Cu segregates more at the interface layer than Y and Ba in films fired at 900°C. The fired film microstructures were found to vary strongly with starting powders which demonstrated quite a difference in both densification and grain growth rates. Good superconducting films were never achieved on an alumina substrate. Limited film/substrate interactions were proved to preserve superconducting integrity and to have adhesion greater than 20 newtons, which is adequate for most of microelectronic applications.
Magnetic field reconstruction in electric machines: a novel approach towards modeling of electric motor drives

In recent years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of power electronics for enhanced control of electric drives. Traditional analysis and control of a drive is often based on a generalized system model, wherein a relationship between the average torque and phase current is established analytically. However effects of the applied control scheme on the resultant radial force components and geometrical distribution of forces are not provided by these models. This paper presents a novel field reconstruction approach towards the accurate modeling of the drive which includes an analytical expression describing the electromagnetic behavior of the machine. This is an ideal technique for the numerical analysis and performance evaluation of an electric drive from an electromagnetic perspective. Since finite element analysis (FEA) only needs to be performed once, the cost and time involved in generating the desired results are dramatically reduced. This paper uses a 3-phase PMSM to illustrate the proof of principle. However the concept can be extended to any machine type with a known geometry.
Reproducible direct exposure environmental testing of metal-based magnetic media

A flow geometry and flow rate for mixed flowing gas testing is proposed. Use of an impinging jet of humid polluted air can provide a uniform and reproducible exposure of coupons of metal-based magnetic media. Numerical analysis of the fluid flow and mass transfer in such as system has shown that samples confined within a distance equal to the nozzle radius on the surface of impingement are uniformly accessible to pollutants in the impinging gas phase. The critical factor is the nozzle height above the surface of impingement. In particular, the uniformity of exposure is less than plus/minus 2% for a volumetric flow rate of 1600 cm(exp 3)/minute total flow with the following specifications: For a one inch nozzle, the height of the nozzle opening above the stage should be 0.177 inches; for a 2 inch nozzle - 0.390 inches. Not only is the distribution uniform, but one can calculate the maximum delivery rate of pollutants to the samples for comparison with the observed deterioration.
Urinary Cytologic Findings in Patients With Benign and Malignant Adenomatous Polyps of the Prostatic Urethra

Abstract Context.—Urethral adenomatous polyps with prostatic epithelium (also known as benign prostatic epithelial polyps [BPEPs]) are a documented cause of hematuria, dysuria, and hematospermia, conditions that may prompt cytologic evaluation of urine. Design.—The urine cytologic test findings in 5 cases of biopsy-proven BPEPs and in 1 case of prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) that presented as a urethral polyp were retrospectively evaluated. Immunocytochemical stain for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (34βE12) were used in evaluation of the lesions. Results.—In 4 of 5 cases of BPEPs, clusters of bland columnar cells with uniform, oval nuclei were seen. Positive immunostaining for PSA and PAP confirmed the prostatic origin of the clusters in 2 cases. One urine sample contained abundant goblet cells and extracellular mucin, consistent with intestinal metaplasia coexisting in the bladder biopsy specimen. The urine sample in the fi...
CSF Volumetric Analysis for Quantification of Cerebral Edema After Hemispheric Infarction.

Malignant cerebral edema (CED) complicates at least 20 % of large hemispheric infarcts (LHI) and may result in neurological deterioration or death. Midline shift (MLS) is a standard but crude measure of edema severity. We propose that volumetric analysis of shifts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over time provides a reliable means of quantifying the spectrum of edema severity after LHI. We identified 38 patients from 2008 to 2014 with NIHSS ≥8, baseline CT <6 h after stroke onset, at least 1 follow-up (FU) CT, and no parenchymal hematoma. The volumes of CSF (sulci, ventricles, and cisterns) ipsilateral (IL) and contralateral (CL) to infarct on baseline and FU CTs were quantified by manually assisted outlining with MIPAV image analysis software, as was infarct volume and MLS on FU CTs. Percentage change in CSF volumes (∆CSF) from baseline to FU scans was correlated with MLS and compared in those with vs. without malignant edema (defined as hemicraniectomy, osmotic therapy, or death/neurological deterioration with MLS ≥5 mm). 11 of 38 subjects (29 %) developed malignant edema. Neither baseline NIHSS nor CSF volume differed between those with and without edema (median NIHSS 18 vs. 13, p = 0.12, CSF volume 102 vs. 124 ml, p = 0.16). Inter-rater reliability for CSF measurements was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.97). ∆CSF correlated strongly with MLS at peak edema (r = −0.75), even adjusting for infarct volume (p = 0.009). ∆CSF was also greater in those with malignant edema [−55 % (IQR −49 to −62) vs. −36 % (−27 to −45), p = 0.004]. ∆CSF was the greatest within IL sulci [−97 % (−86 to −99) vs. −71 % (−41 to −79), p = 0.002] but also significantly greater within CL sulci in those with malignant edema [−50 % (−29 to −65) vs. −25 % (0 to −31), p = 0.014]. More than half this CSF volume reduction occurred by the time of first FU CT around 24 h after stroke, while MLS rose later. Volumetric CSF analysis reliably quantifies CED and distinguishes those with malignant edema and MLS from those with a more benign course after LHI. ∆CSF may provide an earlier and more sensitive indicator of edema severity across a broader dynamic range than MLS.
Properties Of rf Triode-Sputtered (Hg1-xCdx)Te Thin Films

The advantages of r.f. triode sputtering in a Hg atmosphere for deposition of (Hgl-xCdx)Te thin films for low-cost photoconductor and ohotovoltatic infrared detector arrays on electronically-active Si substrates are discussed. It is shown by optical absorp-tion data that the composition of films can be changed from x = 0.1 to 0.27 by changing the relative percentages of HgTe and CdTe particles in sputtering targets, made by cold-pressing a homogenized mixture of these particles. Changes in the physical topography and composition of the surface of pressed-powder targets when bombarded with Hg are described. The mobility and implied carrier concentrations at 24 and -188°C of n and p-type films with different compositions in the 0.18 < x <0.27 range were measured by the Van der Pauw technique. The films were deposited under different sputtering conditions onto high resistivity CdTe and Si substrates with (111) surface orientation. The film properties were improved by post-deposition annealing in a Hg atmosphere using a two-zone furnace. An increase in electron mobility of n-type films to values up to 17 and 50 percent of those for bulk material at -188 and 24°C respectively were obtained using unoptimized annealing parameters.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Differential regulation and action of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in GH3 cells.

The pituitary lactotroph, a well established target for estrogens, expresses estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and -β (ERβ). A truncated isoform of ERα, named TERP, is expressed in the pituitary, but not in the uterus. In this study we used the somatolactotroph cell line, GH3 cells, to examine 1) the expression of ERα, TERP, or ERβ and their regulation by estradiol; 2) the presence of receptor proteins; and 3) the effects of overexpressing ERβ or TERP on estrogen induction of the PRL gene and activation of the estrogen response element (ERE). Incubation of GH3 cells with estradiol (0.1–10 nm) produced dose-dependent increases in messenger RNA levels of ERβ and TERP, but not ERα, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Cell incubation with 1 nm estradiol resulted in a time-dependent biphasic increase in TERP and a delayed rise in ERβ, suggesting activation by both direct and indirect mechanisms. A polyclonal ERβ antibody directed against an N-terminal synthetic peptide was generated. This antibody detected ERβ-posit...
Four years experience with a mercury shielded irregular field system (MSIFS)

A mercury shielded irregular field system (MSIFS) has been in use in our department since January 1979. The system is described and illustrated. Experience in treating 225 patients demonstrated that the system is accurate and reproducible. The system offers a choice of shielding efficiency in a transmission range from 100 to 3.5% for 18 MV photons. Routine measurements of mercury vapor concentration in the treatment room showed values below 0.02 mg Hg/m3 air. (The maximum acceptable concentration in The Netherlands is 0.05 mg Hg/m3 air.) It is concluded that the system is cost-effective, easy to use, and flexible and safe.
Effect of Season on the Impact of Ecosystem Engineers in the New River, NC

The importance of biotic interactions in structuring communities can depend on seasonal changes in abiotic context. The crayfish and benthic-feeding fish of the headwaters of the New River have been shown to be ecosystem engineers due to their ability to reduce the amount of sediment accumulation in cobble beds during the summer. However, the temperature-driven seasonal reduction in the activity level of these organisms may reduce their impacts during the colder months. I measured the impact of benthic-feeding fish and crayfish on sediment accrual in the headwaters of the New River during the winter using a field exclosure experiment. I found that during the winter there was no effect of benthic-feeding fish and crayfish on the amount of sediment accumulating in cobble beds in the headwaters of the New River. These findings suggest that seasonal changes in the effect of ecosystem engineers need to be quantified for a complete understanding of the effect of these organisms.
Through-hole Interconnections Formed by Optical Excitation Electropolishing Method

Through-hole interconnections were fabricated by refilling the through-holes, formed by the optical excitation electropolishing method(1) (OEEM), with indium by the molten metal suction method. In the specimen used for this experiment, through-holes were formed with a density of 11.6 holes/mm2 and an aspect ratio of 52. On the wall surfaces of the through-holes, a 500nm thick oxide film was formed by pyrogenic oxidation to provide a dielectric film. The dielectric breakdown voltage of this film was over 300V, and the stray capacity was less than 80pF/hole. Indium sheets of 4N (99.99%) purity were placed on the specimen surface and melted at 350°C by a halogen lamp, and the molten indium was sucked into the through-holes in a vacuum of 0.05 Torr. By this open-type method of sucking molten metal in the air, the whole process could be completed in less than 5 minutes and the through-holes less than 50 aspect ratio could be refilled with indium with an efficiency higher than 90%. To use the refilled holes as through-hole interconnections, a pole or mushroom type solder (Sn: Pb=6.4) bump was formed on the top of the holes by electroplating. The obtained through-hole interconnections had a resistivity of less than 100mΩ and were excellent in gastightness with no leakage exceeding the detection limit of Radiflo leak test (1.0×10-10Pa⋅m3/sec). Based on the result, it was confirmed that through-hole interconnections having an aspect ratio of 50 and a superior gastightness could be formed, suggesting success in producing self-package type three-dimensional devices.
Identification of Cell-binding Sites on the Laminin α5 N-terminal Domain by Site-directed Mutagenesis

The newly discovered laminin alpha(5) chain is a multidomain, extracellular matrix protein implicated in various biological functions such as the development of blood vessels and nerves. The N-terminal globular domain of the laminin alpha chains has an important role for biological activities through interactions with cell surface receptors. In this study, we identified residues that are critical for cell binding within the laminin alpha(5) N-terminal globular domain VI (approximately 270 residues) using site-directed mutagenesis and synthetic peptides. A recombinant protein of domain VI and the first four epidermal growth factor-like repeats of domain V, generated in a mammalian expression system, was highly active for HT-1080 cell binding, while a recombinant protein consisting of only the epidermal growth factor-like repeats showed no cell binding. By competition analysis with synthetic peptides for cell binding, we identified two sequences: S2, (123)GQVFHVAYVLIKF(135) and S6, (225)RDFTKATNIRLRFLR(239), within domain VI that inhibited cell binding to domain VI. Alanine substitution mutagenesis indicated that four residues (Tyr(130), Arg(225), Lys(229), and Arg(239)) within these two sequences are crucial for cell binding. Real-time heparin-binding kinetics of the domain VI mutants analyzed by surface plasmon resonance indicated that Arg(239) of S6 was critical for both heparin and cell binding. In addition, cell binding to domain VI was inhibited by heparin/heparan sulfate, which suggests an overlap of cell and heparin-binding sites. Furthermore, inhibition studies using integrin subunit monoclonal antibodies showed that integrin alpha(3)beta(1) was a major receptor for domain VI binding. Our results provide evidence that two sites spaced about 90 residues apart within the laminin alpha(5) chain N-terminal globular domain VI are critical for cell surface receptor binding.
Collection Development at SJU Libraries: Compromises, Missions, and Transitions

SUMMARY Collection development in academic libraries has become a difficult process in an era of technological change. Today's academic librarian must not only have subject expertise, but must also balance print and electronic collections, and have familiarity with budgeting skills such as a cost-benefit analysis. The creation and implementation of a Collection Development Policy Statement should be at the heart of all purchasing decisions. This statement should be a written policy, one which employs the ALA Guidelines of Collection Development and one that uses the university's and library's mission statements and strategic plan as its guiding force. The collection development policy needs to be revised in conjunction with the ever changing needs of the library's users and the growth of technology. This article will explore the creation and revision of the Collection Development Policy at St. John's University, New York. The focus is twofold: the need for a written Col
Singlet deuteron (đ) formation by neutron pickup for 9Be + p

Abstract It is shown that a PWBA calculation of 9 Be(p, đ) 8 Be provides good agreement with the experimental data consisting of energy spectra. the angular distribution. and the cross-section ratio of 9 Be(p. đ) 8 Be to 9 Be(p. d) 8 Be.
Modulation of epidermal cell division and growth by oxygenation products of arachidonic acid

Abstract Recently accumulated data have shown that arachidonic acid derivatives play a role not only in cutaneous inflammation, but also in regulation of epidermal growth. Today, the best evidence for the involvement of leukotrienes in human skin disease is psoriasis. Such evidence includes: the presence of leukotrienes B 4 , C 4 and D 4 and monohydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acids in psoriatic skin lesions: the presence of these compounds in amounts capable of mediating epidermal proliferation, neutrophil accumulation, and vasodilatation characteristic of psoriasis; and improvement of psoriasis by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.
Deconstructing the Hedgehog Pathway in Development and Disease

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signaling proteins is a master regulator of cell fate determination in metazoans, contributing to both pattern formation during embryonic development and postembryonic tissue homeostasis. In a universally used mode of action, graded distribution of Hh protein induces differential cell fate in a dose-dependent manner in cells that receive Hh. Though much of this pathway has been elucidated from genetically based studies in model organisms, such as Drosophila and mice, the importance of Hh-mediated signaling in humans is clearly evident from malformations and a broad range of cancers that arise when the pathway is corrupted.
Molecular dynamics simulation of a tumorigenic benzo[a]pyrene metabolite bound to DNA at a single strand-double strand junction.

It is widely believed that cancer can be initiated when certain biochemically activated chemical substances bind to DNA to produce a covalently linked adduct. Attachment of the substance to DNA can affect the DNA shape, leading to unfortunate biological consequences. These may include replication errors, which could be among the events that start the cellular processes ultimately yielding malignant tumors. Consequently, an understanding at the molecular level of how the DNA shape is affected by such chemicals is critical to understanding the primary event in chemical carcinogenesis. If one could establish structural hallmarks that distinguish DNA bound by a malignant chemical from DNA bound by a benign one, it might ultimately be possible to employ computational tools, instead of bacterial or animal testing, to screen chemical substances for mutagenic and tumorigenic potential.
THE MECHANICS OF DELOCALIZATION AND ENERGY ABSORPTION IN CHAIN COMPOSITES

The mechanics of chain composites that can exhibit delocalized failure and very large values of energy absorbed per unit volume during failure are analyzed. The composites absorb energy because they are configured in such a way that chain links must displace through large distances before coming into intimate contact with one another, doing work continuously against the matrix. An approximate analytical model for the stresses within the chain links during link displacement is formulated and the results validated by finite element analyses. The condition that the maximum stress within the links be less than the link strength leads to a criterion for transition from localized failure (involving failure of the links at small strains) to delocalized failure (with distributed damage and large plastic strains occurring via link displacement). The model is also proposed as a design rule for optimizing the energy absorption of this class of composites.
A 51-year-old woman crushed by an elephant trunk

Wild and exotic animal attacks are not common in the United States. Animal-related injuries in the United States are usually caused by dog bites, followed by cattle and horse injuries. Exotic animal attacks can occur when the animals are provoked, depressed, or housed improperly by owners. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman who sustained multiple systemic traumatic injuries after she was pinned to a fence by an elephant's trunk. Upon arrival in the emergency department, she was hypothermic with a temperature of 35.1oC (95.1oF), hypotensive to 94/60 mm Hg after 5 L crystalloid, tachycardic at 108 beats/min, and intubated with oxygen saturation of 100%. Tranexamic acid was administered in addition to starting a massive transfusion protocol. Injuries included bilateral multiple rib fractures, left abdominal wall degloving injury, right pneumothorax, right hemothorax, left chest wall puncture wound, grade IV splenic laceration, 3 grade III liver lacerations, retroperitoneal hematoma, and degloving injuries to bilateral posterior thighs requiring more than 30 operations. Why should an emergency physician be aware of this? Several factors need to be considered when evaluating animal-related injuries, including type, age, and sex of the animal. Multisystem traumatic injuries should be assumed when a large animal is involved. Prehospital care and transport time are vital to a patient's survival in both urban and rural settings. During the initial resuscitation, administering antibiotics tailored to the specific animal can greatly decrease risk of infection and morbidity. Additionally, tetanus immunoglobulin, tetanus toxoid, and rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine may be needed, unless the victim has been previously vaccinated.
Notch 1 signaling is active in ovarian cancer

OBJECTIVE.: Despite advances in chemotherapy and radical surgery, most advanced stage ovarian cancer patients die from their disease, highlighting the need for the development of novel treatment strategies. The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. We hypothesized that the active form of Notch 1, the Notch 1 intracellular domain (NICD), would be overexpressed in ovarian cancer cells and that depletion of NICD would lead to growth reduction. METHODS.: Following institutional review board approval, NICD expression was analyzed in human ovarian cancer specimens as well as the ovarian cancer cell lines OVCAR3, SKOV3, and CaOV3. In addition, the effects of Notch 1 depletion on ovarian cancer cell growth were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) growth assay for 6 days following transfection with siRNA against Notch 1. RESULTS.: Western blot analysis revealed abundant NICD expression in all 3 ovarian cancer cell lines, as well as in 16 of 21 (76%) human ovarian cancer samples. Following treatment with Notch 1 siRNA, expression of NICD was greatly reduced in all three cell lines. Furthermore, this depletion of NICD was associated with significant growth inhibition of all three ovarian cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS.: NICD was frequently expressed in ovarian cancer cell lines and human ovarian cancer specimens. Importantly, depletion of Notch 1 led to growth inhibition of ovarian cancer cells. These findings support the hypothesis that Notch 1 plays a role in ovarian cancer proliferation, encouraging the investigation of this pathway as a therapeutic target.
Simulation of stable tearing crack growth events using the CZM approach with an explicit solver

The cohesive zone model (CZM) approach has been shown to be an effective approach for simulating fracture events. However, CZM simulations of quasi-static events using an implicit solver usually encounter numerical difficulties due to the nonlinear and softening behavior of CZM. To overcome the numerical difficulties, an explicit solver, which is intended for fast transient problems, can be employed for quasi-static events, such as stable tearing crack growth. In the current study, a CZM based approach is applied to simulate Mode I stable tearing crack growth events in Arcan specimens made of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy, by using an explicit solver. The cohesive parameters obtained in a recent study [8] that lead to good predictions for both Mode I and mixed-mode I/II conditions are used in the current study. In order to shorten the solution time, two artificial acceleration techniques are employed: (1) acceleration by reducing the time period of the analysis and (2) acceleration by increasing the mass density of the model (mass scaling). A careful convergence study is carried out to gain an understanding of the choice of proper values for the parameters in the artificial acceleration techniques for efficient and accurate simulation predictions and to provide practical experience for CZM simulations in explicit analysis.
Tides of Consent: How Public Opinion Shapes American Politics, by James A. Stimson. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 181 pp. $55.00 cloth, $16.99 paper.

James A. Stimson has written another important book on American public opinion, this time geared to show a general audience how one fundamental aspect of “democracy” works: that public opinion, con...
Pairing of a trapped Fermi gas with unequal spin populations

We investigate pairing in a two-component degenerate gas of trapped fermionic 6 Li atoms at a broad Feshbach resonance by in-situ imaging of real-space density distributions. From even mixtures of the two spin components, we measured the β factor, describing the universal energy of strongly interacting paired fermions. In uneven spin mixtures, pairing and corresponding phases show a temperature dependence that is consistent with a phase diagram having a tricritical point. At the lowest temperatures, an unpolarized core separates from the excess unpaired atoms by a sharp boundary, which is consistent with a phase separation driven by a first-order phase transition. Moreover, the unpolarized core deforms with increasing polarization, in violation of local density approximation (LDA). In contrast, at higher but still degenerate temperatures, an unpolarized central core remains up to a critical polarization, but does not deform. In this case, the boundaries are not sharp, indicating a partially-polarized shell between the core and the unpaired atoms, consistent with a second-order phase boundary.
Social Predispositions for the Development of Sense of Community

The study examined whether two types of social variables set the stage for the development of sense of community in 236 adults (91 men, 145 women) from 41 of the 67 counties in Alabama. Multiple regression showed both types of social variables, the need for affiliation and having been raised with siblings, were significantly and positively related to scores on a measure of sense of community
The small rural community college in 1994 and beyond: One president's view

In this case example ofa rural community college, the president traces the college' recent efforts to reposition itself in order to increase its effectiveness as a viable community organization.
Immediate enhancement of left ventricular relaxation by coronary artery bypass grafting: intraoperative assessment.

We investigated the effect of coronary artery bypass grafting on the rate of left ventricular relaxation as defined by the time constant for isovolumetric relaxation, T, measured in milliseconds. Completeness of relaxation at rapid heart rates was determined by comparison of the relationship between left ventricular pressure and echocardiographic left ventricular cross-sectional cavity area during rapid ventricular pacing with that obtained after a prolonged diastole when the ventricle was maximally relaxed. Twelve patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher T values (94.5 +/- 6.2) than six patients without coronary artery disease who were undergoing other open heart procedures (39.5 +/- 5.0, p less than .001). T was significantly reduced after coronary artery bypass grafting (68.2 +/- 5.1, p = .007), but was unchanged in the six control patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (37.8 +/- 4.5, p = .54). Similar changes were found during rapid pacing to 100, 120, and 140/min. Incomplete relaxation was detected in three of 10 (heart rate 120 beats/min) and nine of 11 (heart rate 140 beats/min) patients with coronary artery disease and this decreased to 0 of 10 (heart rate 120 beats/min) and six of 11 (heart rate 140 beats/min) patients after coronary artery bypass. Incomplete relaxation before bypass at a heart rate of 120 beats/min averaged 0.9 +/- 0.3 mm Hg. At a heart rate of 140 beats/min, incomplete relaxation averaged 5.6 +/- 1.6 mm Hg before and 1.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg after bypass. Intake of beta-blockers or calcium-channel blockers, body temperature, and systolic blood pressure were not found to be related to these changes. We conclude that immediately after coronary artery bypass relaxation of left ventricular muscle is enhanced and incomplete relaxation at rapid heart rates is less likely. The most probable cause of this improvement in ventricular relaxation after coronary artery bypass grafting is relief of ischemia.
Arctic ice-ocean simulation with optimized model parameters: Approach and assessment

[1] We present an optimized 1992–2008 coupled ice-ocean simulation of the Arctic Ocean. A Green's function approach adjusts a set of parameters for best model-data agreement. Overall, model-data differences are reduced by 45%. The optimized simulation reproduces the negative trends in ice extent in the satellite records. Volume and thickness distributions are comparable to those from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (2003–2008). The upper cold halocline is consistent with observations in the western Arctic. The freshwater budget of the Arctic Ocean and volume/heat transports of Pacific and Atlantic waters across major passages are comparable with observation-based estimates. We note that the optimized parameters depend on the selected atmospheric forcing. The use of the 25 year Japanese reanalysis results in sea ice albedos that are consistent with field observations. Simulated Pacific Water enters the Bering Strait and flows off the Chukchi Shelf along four distinct channels. This water takes ∼5–10 years to exit the Arctic Ocean at the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nares, or Fram straits. Atlantic Water entering the Fram Strait flows eastward, merges with the St Ana Trough inflow, and splits into two branches at the southwest corner of the Makarov Basin. One branch flows along Lomonosov Ridge back to Fram Strait. The other enters the western Arctic, circulates cyclonically below the halocline, and exits mainly through the Nares and Fram straits. This work utilizes the record of available observations to obtain an Arctic Ocean simulation that is in agreement with observations both within and beyond the optimization period and that can be used for tracer and process studies.
Resonance hyper-Raman scattering spectra of ammonia

Abstract The first observation of a vibrationally (and rotationally) resolved resonance hyper-Raman spectrum is reported. Inelastic scattering spectra in the UV are observed when blue radiation (≈ 416 nm) is focused in ammonia (1–8 atm). Twice the corresponding incident frequency is resonant with the second vibronic feature of the X→A absorption band. The narrow linewidths of the resonant secondary radiation clearly distinguishes this emission as scattering and not fluorescence. The resonance hyperRaman signals are nearly as strong as observed linear resonance Raman signals of ammonia in agreement with cross section estimates.
Structural characterization of the rhenium(v) oxo complex of mercaptoacetyltriglyclne in its dianionic form.

Dianionic [ MO(MAG 3 ) ] 2 − (MAG 3 = penta-anionic form of mercaptoacetyltriglycine, M = R 186 e, T 99m c ) complexes have important applications in nuclear medicine. In vivo the complexes have a deprotonated carboxyl group that is important to their biodistribution. The solid-state structures of T 99 c and Re complexes with mercaptoacetyltriglycine reported previously are monoanions with protonated carboxyl groups. In the present work, we report the preparation and X-ray crystal structure of Na 2 [ ReO ( MAG 3 ) ] · 5 H 2 O (1), which contains the physiologically relevant dianion. The dianion is a distorted square pyramid with the nitrogen and sulphur donor atoms forming the base and the oxo ligand at the apex. The terminal carboxyl group is deprotonated, uncoordinated and has a syn orientation with respect to the oxo ligand. The syn conformation of the dianion in 1 differs in conformation from the anti-monoanion in [Bu 4 N][ReO(MAG 3 H)] but is similar to the syn-monoanion in [Ph 4 P][ T 99 cO(MAG 3 H)] .
Activation and distribution of rat parotid cAMP-dependent protein kinase following beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation in vitro

The extent of activation of parotid protein kinase A (EC 2.7.1.37) isozymes was determined using dispersed cells and an 8-N3-[32P]-cAMP photoprobe. Cold-trap studies indicated that 40% of type I protein kinase A was activated following maximal beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation, whereas type II activation was less than 20%. Both cytosolic and microsomal type I activation occurred rapidly after stimulation and both remain activated throughout the entire secretory period. The dose-response relationship for the isotypes following beta-adrenergic receptor activation demonstrated a greater extent of type I activation at maximal concentration of agonist. Although protein kinase A may not be the only kinase involved in rat parotid amylase release, these findings add further evidence of a direct regulatory role for this kinase, with type I having potentially a greater role than type II.
Multiple intrinsically disordered sequences alter DNA binding by the homeodomain of the Drosophila hox protein ultrabithorax.

During animal development, distinct tissues, organs, and appendages are specified through differential gene transcription by Hox transcription factors. However, the conserved Hox homeodomains bind DNA with high affinity yet low specificity. We have therefore explored the structure of the Drosophila melanogaster Hox protein Ultrabithorax and the impact of its nonhomeodomain regions on DNA binding properties. Computational and experimental approaches identified several conserved, intrinsically disordered regions outside the homeodomain of Ultrabithorax that impact DNA binding by the homeodomain. Full-length Ultrabithorax bound to target DNA 2.5-fold weaker than its isolated homeodomain. Using N-terminal and C-terminal deletion mutants, we demonstrate that the YPWM region and the disordered microexons (termed the I1 region) inhibit DNA binding ∼2-fold, whereas the disordered I2 region inhibits homeodomain-DNA interaction a further ∼40-fold. Binding is restored almost to homeodomain affinity by the mostly disordered N-terminal 174 amino acids (R region) in a length-dependent manner. Both the I2 and R regions contain portions of the activation domain, functionally linking DNA binding and transcription regulation. Given that (i) the I1 region and a portion of the R region alter homeodomain-DNA binding as a function of pH and (ii) an internal deletion within I1 increases Ultrabithorax-DNA affinity, I1 must directly impact homeodomain-DNA interaction energetics. However, I2 appears to indirectly affect DNA binding in a manner countered by the N terminus. The amino acid sequences of I2 and much of the I1 and R regions vary significantly among Ultrabithorax orthologues, potentially diversifying Hox-DNA interactions.
SEISMIC ISOLATION OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Seismic isolation is a viable strategy for protecting safety-related nuclear structures from the effects of moderate to severe earthquake shaking. Although seismic isolation has been deployed in nuclear structures in France and South Africa, it has not seen widespread use because of limited new build nuclear construction in the past 30 years and a lack of guidelines, codes and standards for the analysis, design and construction of isolation systems specific to nuclear structures. The funding by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission of a research project to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and MCEER/University at Buffalo facilitated the writing of a soon-to-be-published NUREG on seismic isolation. Funding of MCEER by the National Science Foundation led to research products that provide the technical basis for a new section in ASCE Standard 4 on the seismic isolation of safety-related nuclear facilities. The performance expectations identified in the NUREG and ASCE 4 for seismic isolation systems, and superstructures and substructures are described in the paper. Robust numerical models capable of capturing isolator behaviors under extreme loadings, which have been verified and validated following ASME protocols, and implemented in the open source code OpenSees, are introduced.
Nodulisporic Acid A Synthetic Studies. 2. Construction of an Eastern Hemisphere Subtarget

In this, the second of two Letters, we describe an effective assembly of (+)-4, an eastern hemisphere subtarget comprising the FGH rings of (+)-nodulisporic acid A (1) (17 steps, 9% overall yield). Central to the synthesis is a Koga three-component conjugate addition−alkylation sequence which secures the trans orientation of the vicinal quaternary methyl groups.
Children's Auditory Working Memory Performance in Degraded Listening Conditions

Purpose The objectives of this study were to determine (a) whether school-age children with typical hearing demonstrate poorer auditory working memory performance in multitalker babble at degraded signal-to-noise ratios than in quiet; and (b) whether the amount of cognitive demand of the task contributed to differences in performance in noise. It was hypothesized that stressing the working memory system with the presence of noise would impede working memory processes in real time and result in poorer working memory performance in degraded conditions. Method Twenty children with typical hearing between 8 and 10 years old were tested using 4 auditory working memory tasks (Forward Digit Recall, Backward Digit Recall, Listening Recall Primary, and Listening Recall Secondary). Stimuli were from the standardized Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Each task was administered in quiet and in 4-talker babble noise at 0 dB and −5 dB signal-to-noise ratios. Results Children's auditory working memory performanc...
Water Management by Material Design and Engineering for PEM Fuel Cells

PEMFCs depend on proper water management to obtain high power density and energy efficiency. Traditionally, water management has been addressed by system design and engineering. That is, by adding processes to the basic PEMFC system to provide humidification to the anode and to remove water from the cathode. This approach adds significant complexities and costs and reduces the overall efficiency of the PEMFC system. Development of new materials and better understanding of the functions of these materials have led to a paradigm shift as to how water management can be implemented in a PEMFC system. In this new paradigm, materials with the right properties will be used in the membrane and electrode assemblies such that zero net water transport across the membrane is achieved. Once this goal is attained the next goal will be to achieve optimal anode and cathode gas humidification and membrane hydration with zero-external- system-water requirement.