cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Piccolissimo: The smallest micro aerial vehicle

The goal of Piccolissimo is to create a small, simple, and self-powered flying vehicle. Piccolissimo has just one motor and two rigid bodies, which are propellers that spin in opposite directions. The mass distribution and relative rotor speeds are designed to maintain passive stability in hover. Cartesian velocity control is obtained by introducing an asymmetry in the rotation axis of the two rotating bodies and pulsing the thrust at appropriate times. The dynamic model for this device is developed and presented, highlighting the terms that enable a workable design. Two devices are discussed: a vertically controllable version that is 28 mm in the largest dimension and Cartesion controllable version that is 39 mm in the largest dimension.
Artificial Neural Networks In Manufacturing

The topic of artificial neural networks (ANN) has received a great deal of attention among various groups of scientists and engineers as an alternative method of solving either intractable or “fuzzy” problems. In the area of manufacturing, ANN have been applied to vision systems, robot path planning, pattern recognition of data trends for use in analyzing production systems, and some recent research has been attempting to use ANN for feature recognition to facilitate CAD/CAM. This paper will highlight the scope of recent research accomplishments using ANN in manufacturing. Specific research in the control of a Molecular Beam Epitaxy process for growing thin film materials for semiconductors, and the design of a manufacturing system for Group Technology will be examined in closer detail. To conclude the examination of ANN in manufacturing, future trends and research areas will be discussed.
Decreasing length of stay in bariatric surgery: The power of suggestion.

Abstract Objective Enhanced recovery has been utilized to decrease length of stay and cost in bariatric surgery. We have recently focused efforts on pre-operative education with regards to discharge on the first post-operative day. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pre-operative education on discharge timing and readmission rates. Methods A retrospective review was conducted after revising discharge expectation education. Patients undergoing first time bariatric operations were included. Early group education focused on average patient stay of 2 postoperative days. Revised education informed patients they could go home on the first post-operative day. Results A total of 125 patients met inclusion criteria. Implementation of preoperative education was associated with a decrease in mean LOS and greater percentage of patients discharged on post-operative day one. There was no difference in readmission and complication rates. Conclusion Effective pre-operative education can decrease length of stay in first time laparoscopic bariatric surgery.
A review of CPS 5 components architecture for manufacturing based on standards

The Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a concept describing a broad range of complex, multi-disciplinary, physically-aware next generation engineered systems that integrate embedded computing technologies (cyber parts) into the physical world. CPS is a broad area of engineering which supports applications across emergency response, air transportation, critical infrastructure, health care and medicine, intelligent transportation, robotic for service, and special smart manufacturing. In particular, CPS is the core technology enabling the transition from Industry 3.0 to Industry 4.0 and is transforming global advanced manufacturing. This paper provides a review of CPS 5 components architecture for manufacturing as well as of CPS components challenges for manufacturing. It then focuses on the standardization challenges and provides a complete review of international standards. From this study we show that there is need for CPS components to be standardized in order to achieve the success of Industry 4.0. A framework of CPS 5 main components for manufacturing based on standards is proposed.
Mechanistic Aspects of Cell-Mediated Rejection

This article reviews the role of cellular elements in the pathogenesis of organ rejection. While T cells are certainly the most important player in this process, there is active participation by a broad range of cells belonging to both the innate and acquired immune systems. It is now recognized that innate mechanisms can play an important role in augmenting and perpetuating tissue damage caused by the acquired immunity. The principal steps in T-cell-mediated rejection are (i) antigen presentation primarily by dendritic cells; (ii) allorecognition by the direct or indirect pathways early and late posttransplant, respectively; (iii) delivery of costimulatory or inhibitory signals; (iv) signal transduction; (v) helper T-cell differentiation into Th1 cells, Th2, Th9, Th17, and Tfh cells; and (vi) cytotoxic T-cell differentiation with release of granzyme B, perforin, and activation of caspases that promote apoptosis. A broad armamentarium of drugs is now available to prevent and treat T-cell-mediated rejection. Unfortunately, none of the available agents have demonstrated significant effect on controlling the low-grade smoldering T-cell- and antibody-mediated injury that leads to chronic rejection.
Relationship of feeder lamb frame size to feedlot gain and carcass yield and quality grades

Small-(S), medium-(M), and large-(L) framed feeder lambs (n = 243 S, 247 M, and 245 L) were finished on five diets differing in amount of concentrate (C) and crude protein (CP): 1) 30% C, 12.5% CP; 2) 55% C, 12.5% CP; 3) 55% C, 14.5% CP; 4) 80% C, 12.5% CP; and 5) 80% C, 14.5% CP. Lambs were sampled over a wide weight range to establish relationships of frame size to daily gain and live weight at specific carcass grade end points. Increased frame size (F) was associated with more rapid gains during finishing, although differences in daily gain among L, M, and S lambs were not expressed consistently across all dietary treatments (D), as reflected by a significant F x D interaction for ADG. The rate at which external fat thickness increased as the lambs became heavier was not affected by frame size, sex, or diet. However, increased frame size was associated with lower (P < .05) values for fat thickness (FT), body wall thickness (BWT), yield grade (YG), and quality grade (QG) when comparisons were made at a constant slaughter weight. Similarly, later-maturing wether lambs were leaner and had lower YG and QG than ewes of the same weight. Dietary treatment had no effect on FT, BWT, and YG when treatment groups were compared at a constant live weight. Subclass regressions of YG on live weight were used to project the weights at which lambs of various frame sizes would be expected to produce YG-2 carcasses. Projected final weights for wethers were less than 50 kg for S, 50 to 55 kg for M, and greater than 55 kg for L. Projected final weights for ewe lambs were approximately 2.5 kg lower. Dietary treatment did not affect relationships among frame size, live weight, and YG. A grading/classification system for feeder lambs based on frame size could be developed to predict carcass grade end point.
Health hazards of working with ceramics. Recommendations for reducing risks.

Exposure to many of the substances used in ceramics studios and factories poses a potential health threat to ceramics artists. Unfortunately, these artists and their physicians often are unaware of...
Pediatric thoracoabdominal biomechanics

No experimental data exist quantifying the force-deformation behavior of the pediatric chest when subjected to non-impact, dynamic loading from a diagonal belt or a distributed loading surface. Kent et al. (2006) previously published juvenile abdominal response data collected using a porcine model. This paper reports on a series of experiments on a 7-year-old pediatric post-mortem human subject (PMHS) undertaken to guide the scaling of existing adult thoracic response data for application to the child and to assess the validity of the porcine abdominal model. The pediatric PMHS exhibited abdominal response similar to the swine, including the degree of rate sensitivity. The upper abdomen of the PMHS was slightly stiffer than the porcine behavior, while the lower abdomen of the PMHS fit within the porcine corridor. Scaling of adult thoracic response data using any of four published techniques did not successfully predict the pediatric behavior. All of the scaling techniques intrinsically reduce the stiffness of the adult response, when in reality the pediatric subject was as stiff as, or slightly more stiff than, published adult corridors. An assessment of age-related changes in thoracic stiffness indicated that for both a CPR patient population and dynamic diagonal belt loading on a PMHS population, the effective stiffness of the chest increases through the fourth decade of life and then decreases, resulting in stiffness values approximately the same for children and for elderly adults. Additional research is needed to elucidate the generality of this finding and to assess its significance for scaling adult data to represent pediatric responses.
LOCATION OF 1/f NOISE SOURCES IN BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS

The location of the 1/f noise sources in 2N2955 Ge transistors and double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBJTs) was studied by a new method. This method can generally be utilized to locate any low frequency noise source in bipolar transistors.
Quality improvement interventions to reduce chemotherapy dose-modification ordering errors at a large academic medical center.

264Background: Despite clear advantages of Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems for safe cancer chemotherapy administration, persistent opportunities exist to further reduce chemotherapy order e...
Characterization of peroxo species on TiOx/Rh(111) single crystal

Abstract Identification and characterization of peroxo species ( O O and O O H), which has been proposed to accumulate on surfaces during photocatalytic water splitting and hence inhibit the reaction rate, is important to understand this catalytic process. In this study, peroxo species were prepared and characterized on model TiOx/Rh(111) systems. The TiOx/Rh(111) systems were prepared by chemical vapor deposition of TiOx on Rh(111) using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP – (Ti[OCH(CH3)2]4)) as a precursor for TiO2 and characterized with Auger electron spectroscopy. Peroxo species were obtained by exposing the TiOx/Rh(111) systems to H2O2 at 300 K and characterized by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD). Peroxo species formed on both TiOx clusters and films on Rh(111) decompose completely by 700 K. In order to study their possible reactions, alkenes (ethylene, propylene and cyclooctene, separately) were co-dosed and the surface was subsequently heated at different temperatures. No evidences for the formation of reaction intermediates were observed by IRRAS. TPD experiments of the same systems further confirmed the absence of epoxidation products between the peroxo species and adsorbed olefins.
Mainstreaming Hearing-Impaired Students

Increased emphasis has been placed on mainstreaming hearing-impaired students into regular classes with their hearing peers. The purpose of this study was to survey a large sample of regular educat...
Privacy-preserving Active Learning on Sensitive Data for User Intent Classification

Active learning holds promise of significantly reducing data annotation costs while maintaining reasonable model performance. However, it requires sending data to annotators for labeling. This presents a possible privacy leak when the training set includes sensitive user data. In this paper, we describe an approach for carrying out privacy preserving active learning with quantifiable guarantees. We evaluate our approach by showing the tradeoff between privacy, utility and annotation budget on a binary classification task in a active learning setting.
Wafer-Scale GaAs-on-Insulator Waveguide Platform for Diverse Nonlinear Processes

We detail a 76 mm wafer-bonding process for high-yield GaAs-on-insulator waveguides. Second-harmonic generation waveguides are designed with 120 W−1cm−2 conversion efficiency, and a microresonator is demonstrated with a 180,000 quality factor. © 2019 The Author(s)
Agyu and the Skyworld: The Philippine Folk Epic and Multicultural Education

(1986). Agyu and the Skyworld: The Philippine Folk Epic and Multicultural Education. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 135-149.
In-situ molten salt reaction and incorporation of small (10 nm) TiC nanoparticles into Al

Abstract Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) with nanoparticles in a metal matrix are important for widespread applications. Smaller nanoparticles are preferred for a better strengthening effect. However, it is extremely difficult to control the size of nanoparticles in MMNCs through a solidification process. In this study, a novel in-situ molten salt reaction and incorporation method is presented for the fabrication of Al–TiC nanocomposites. The size of the TiC nanoparticles is readily controlled to approximately 11 nm. The mechanical properties are enhanced by the incorporation of TiC nanoparticles. This novel method could potentially be applied to different material systems for high-performance MMNCs.
Boosting Shape Registration Algorithms via Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Regularizers

The essence of most shape registration algorithms is to find correspondences between two point clouds and then to solve for a rigid body transformation that aligns the geometry. The main drawback is that the point clouds are obtained by placing the sensor at different views; consequently, the two matched points most likely do not correspond to the same physical point in the real environment. In other words, the point cloud is a discrete representation of the shape geometry. Alternatively, a point cloud measurement can be seen as samples from geometry, and a function can be learned for a continuous representation using regression techniques such as kernel methods. To boost registration algorithms, this work develops a novel class of regularizers modeled in the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) that ensures correspondences are also consistent in an abstract vector space of functions such as intensity surface. Furthermore, the proposed RKHS regularizer is agnostic to the choice of the registration cost function which is desirable. The evaluations on experimental data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed regularizer using RGB-D and LIDAR sensors.
Stimuli-Induced Star-Globule Shape Transitions ofDually Responsive Binary Heterografted Three-Arm Star Molecular Brushesin Aqueous Solution

This article reports on the synthesis of doubly responsive binary heterografted, three-arm star molecular brushes and the study of their stimuli-induced star-to-globule shape transitions in aqueous...
Rural Prejudice-Urban Bias: The Stories and Structures That Oppress Rural Communities

Rural communities account for somewhere between 72% and 97% of the land mass in the United States and approximately 15–20% of the country’s population (United States Census Bureau. New census data show differences between urban and rural populations [Press release]. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2016/cb16-210.html, 2016; United States Department of Agriculture. Rural America at a glance 2016 Edition. Retrieved from https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/80894/eib-162.pdf?v=42684, 2017). Furthermore, rural communities are an important part of the American mythos, representing a population and lifestyle that features heavily in the identity of America (Stamm. Rural behavioral health care: An interdisciplinary guide. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 2003). As such, rural communities and people occupy both a large and socially important piece of the United States. Likewise, being only 20% of the population, rural residents are also an often overlooked and underserved minority. The dominant urban culture often portrays rural people in negative stereotypes that can both exacerbate behavioral health problems and impact the quality of care received by rural residents. Further, prejudice against rural people and communities is manifested in the lived realities of rural disadvantage and policy marginalization, which lead to challenges for the delivery of quality behavioral health care in rural communities. Taking a public narrative model for understanding community health outcomes (N. V. Mohatt et al. Soc Sci Med 106, 128–36, 2014; Rappaport. Am J Community Psychol 28(1), 1–24, 2000), we review how stigma and prejudices manifest in rural community life and relate to persistent rural health disparities. The objective of this chapter is to provide rural mental health practitioners with a deeper understanding of the ways in which stigma and prejudice toward rural communities shape the landscape of mental health in rural America. In conclusion, we provide a series of recommendations to reshape the structural and cultural biases and provide effective rural behavioral health treatment and community action.
Gentrification and Racial Transition in Cincinnati, 2000–2016

Gentrification, the upgrading of formerly disinvested neighborhoods in a city through in-migration of population with higher median household incomes and educational levels, was first noted in larg...
The mother of all techniques

Iridescent mother of pearl sports a complex structure that eludes standard imaging techniques. Now, a nanotomographic method provides high resolution 3D insight into the topological defects underpinning this composite material.
Accelerating Large-Scale Excited-State GW Calculations on Leadership HPC Systems

Large-scale GW calculations are the state-of-the-art approach to accurately describe many-body excited-state phenomena in complex materials. This is critical for novel device design but due to their extremely high computational cost, these calculations often run at a limited scale. In this paper, we present algorithm and implementation advancements made in the materials science code BerkeleyGW to scale calculations to the order of over 10,000 electrons utilizing the entire Summit at OLCF. Excellent strong and weak scaling is observed, and a 105.9 PFLOP/s double-precision performance is achieved on 27,648 V100 GPUs, reaching 52.7% of the peak. This work for the first time demonstrates the possibility to perform GW calculations at such scale within minutes on current HPC systems, and leads the way for future efficient HPC software development in materials, physical, chemical, and engineering sciences.
The Dimensions of Divorce Laws: Waiting Times, No-Fault, and Unilateral Divorce Laws

Was the steep rise in U.S. Divorce rates from the late 1960's through the early 1980's due to the state-by-state, sweeping changes in laws governing divorce? And if so, what accounts for the decline and leveling off of divorce rates since then? Peters [1986] and Friedberg [1998] provided early conflicting answers. Both Wolfers [2006] and Gold [2008] proposed reconciliations. This study embeds the implications of dynamic optimization models of marriage and divorce (e.g., Rasul [2006]) into a model for state panel data, thereby bridging the gap between structural and difference in difference methods. In particualar we allow current divorce rates to be a¤ected not only by current divorce laws, but also by past divorce laws as embodied in the divorce proclivities of cohorts married under earlier legal regimes. By constructing a wait-time index of the cost of divorce, we collapse the three dimensions of divorce laws (whether or not no-fault grounds are available, whether or not the law is unilateral, and the length of minimum wait times, if available) into just two, the cost of divorce and whether or not laws are unilateral. The model exploits the relative sizes of marriage cohorts to capture the indirect effects of divorce law on sorting into marriage. We proxy these relative sizes with a simple characterization of the age distribution relative to age at marriage. Preliminary results indicate that the structure necessary for the wait time index to work can be seen in the data. They also show that the addition of marriage cohort effects into a state panel data model has the potential to dramatically affect estimated expected divorce rates under various legal regimes. All previous models for state panel data can be cast as special cases of ours and differences across studies could be due to omitted variable bias. Finally, our marriage-cohort model for state panel data also provides a straightforward parametric test of the Coase theorem.
Introduction to Computer Engineering: Logic Design and the 8086 Microprocessor

I. INTRODUCTION. 1. Computers and Digital Logic. 2. Number Systems. II. DIGITAL LOGIC. 3. Basic Logic Gates. 4. Programmable Logic Devices. 5. Boolean Algebra and Logic Equations. 6. Combinational Logic. 7. Sequential Logic. 8. Computer Memory. III. MICROPROCESSORS. 9. A Look Inside the 8086. 10. 8086 Instructions. 11. 8086 Programs. 12. More Addressing Modes. 13. Screen Display. 14. PC Hardware. 15. Disk Input/Output. 16. Graphics. 17. Asynchronous Serial Communication. Appendix A: 8086 Instruction Set. Appendix B: The Tutor Monitor. Appendix C: Subroutines Listings. Appendix D: DOS INT 21H Functions. Appendix E: Data Sheets. Appendix F: PC Logic Analyzer.
A Graph-Theoretic Approach to the Hidden Line Elimination Problem

We consider the hidden line elimination problem for displaying 3D solid objects represented as polyhedra on 2D display devices. The objects are assumed to be composed of polygonal faces. The algorithm presented is based on a graph-theoretic approach in that a certain graph representing the projections of the edges of the polyhedron is constructed and visible edges are found using depth-first search technique in the graph. The way in which visible edges are found is different from the previous ones in that it first assumes all the edges of the polygonal faces are invisible from the viewer and based on some criteria seeks out visible ones, whence the efficiency of the algorithm is, to some extent, independent of the number of hidden edges. In this sense it is more appropriate to refer to the algorithm as visible line determination algorithm.
System Identification and Noise Cancellation: A Quantitative Comparative Study of Kalman Filtering and Neurai-Net Approaches

This paper reports on neural network approaches to system identification and noise cancellation tasks. Both linear and nonlinear systems in noisy environments can be handled without significant modification to the basic procedure. Results indicate that the neural network approach to system identification, and to noise cancellation problem is practicable, and has performance comparable to or superior to existing conventional algorithms.
Dos especies nuevas de abejas (Hymenoptera) de la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia)

Two new bee species are described from the city of Bogota (Colombia) whose biology is currently under study, in order to make the names available and facilitate the divulgation of this information. Males and females of the following species are described and illustrated: Lasioglossum ( Dialictus ) urbanus (Halictidae, Halictini) and Megachile ( Cressioniella ) amparo (Megachilidae, Megachilini).
Assay of vitamins and amino acids with cultured tissue cells and antimetabolites.

Abstract A survey of growth responses of tissue-culture cells to vitamins and amino acids was undertaken to explore the potentialities of tissue culture in the assay of growth factors. An antagonist of the nutrient was included in each test system to improve its sensitivity. Addition of an antimetabolite was advantageous in the thiamine and phenylalanine assays. Tissue-culture assays of tryptophan and of phenylalanine supplemented with β-2-thienylalanine compared favorably with microbial assays, and may serve as confirmatory or supplementary test systems. The sensitivity of cultured tissue cells to minute amounts of a variety of physiologically active substances suggests their employment in hormone and toxic compound assays.
Thestreet.Com Ratings’ Guide to Health Insurers

TheStreet.com Ratings’ (formerly Weiss Ratings) is a highly regarded publisher of print and electronic resources for consumers and investors. For over 30 years, they have published reports that eva...
T6r+-induced Proteins and Nucleic Acids in Escherichia coli Infected in the Presence of Streptomycin

Abstract Streptomycin does not strongly inhibit T-even phage multiplication in the streptomycin-susceptible polyauxotroph, Escherichia coli strain T−H−U−. The relatively slight inhibition, observed earlier, on production of late proteins has now been studied further. The phage-induced ribonucleic acid, synthesized in T6 phage infection in the presence of streptomycin, has been characterized by its base composition, size distribution, and behavior in hybridization tests. Comparison of these properties to those of control samples, taken during either early or late periods of infection, have not shown any significant differences. Phage-induced proteins, synthesized at different times during infection, were studied by disc-gel electrophoresis. Staining and autoradiography of the patterns of pulse-labeled proteins, formed in the absence and presence of the antibiotic showed only slight quantitative changes in the appearance of early proteins. More marked quantitative effects were detected later in infection. Nevertheless, changes in the mobilities of the different proteins were not observed in the streptomycin-treated cultures at any time after infection, suggesting the absence of gross misreading sufficiently great to alter the distinctive electrophoretic patterns of the extracts. Cells infected and incubated in the presence of the antibiotic were found to contain intact virus particles, as shown by electron microscopy. Such infected cells contained extensive deoxyribonucleic acid pools and did not develop the rounded nucleoids with enclosed dense bodies characteristic of the lethal action of the antibiotic. On the other hand, infected bacteria previously exposed to lethal concentrations of streptomycin were unable to synthesize the early enzymes, deoxycytidylate (dCMP) hydroxymethylase and dihydrofolate reductase, or to make phage deoxyribonucleic acid and phage. Such previously killed cells contained the rounded and clotted nucleoids and were unable to unravel this pathological structure after phage infection.
A coronary risk-factor profile of 4 year olds. II. Inter-relationships, clustering, and tracking of blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, and skinfold thickness.

A coronary risk-factor profile of 4 year olds. II. Inter-relationships, clustering, and tracking of blood pressure, serum lipoproteins, and skinfold thickness. A study of coronary risk factor detection on 486 preschool children is reported. Risk-factors at this age are described as deviations from the observed normal range for blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and fatness, to a degree that would be unequivocally associated with an increased coronary risk in an adult. Children were identified with an increased risk from either hypercholesterolaemia (n = 22), or an elevated diastolic blood pressure (n = 9). Clustering of risk factors was detected in 2.1% of girls, and 0.8% of boys. Tracking was recorded for both diastolic blood pressure and fatness. The blood pressure was positively correlated with weight, height, and obesity, but not with serum lipoproteins.
Smart transmitters-digital vs. analog

The author defines smart transmitters, reviews the advantages of smart transmitters vs. conventional transmitters, and looks at key differences between competitive offerings. He also demonstrates the superiority and benefits of transmitters operating in the digital communications mode and considers the advantages of the coming International Field Bus Standard (SP50). >
Herodotus and the Map of Aristagoras

Herodotus uses the encounter between the Milesian tyrant Aristagoras and the Spartan king Cleomenes (5.49–51) to further his authorial self-presentation. He contrasts his own aims and methods as an inquirer with those of Aristagoras, who becomes a “rival” inquirer for Herodotus in this passage. Seeking military aid from Cleomenes for the Ionian Revolt, Aristagoras points to his bronze map of the world and gives an ethnographical and geographical account of the peoples and land of Asia, from Ionia to Susa. Aristagoras accordingly takes on many of the characteristics of Herodotus himself, including the use of shared ethnographical language. Aristagoras9 ethnographical account is marred, however, by a rhetorical strategy that depicts the Asians as wealthy, but weak adversaries. While careful not to criticize Aristagoras9 map itself, Herodotus is able to exploit Aristagoras9 verbal description of his map to illustrate his own forthcoming account of the Persian Royal Road (5.52–54), which Herodotus assures readers is even more “accurate” than Aristagoras9 account had been (5.54.1). Aristagoras is “deceiving” Cleomenes “well,” says Herodotus, until he tells the “truth” about the length of the journey to Susa (5.50.2). Telling the truth is a mistake for the deceiver Aristagoras, but an obligation for the inquirer Herodotus.
Selection of recombinant vaccinia viruses on the basis of plaque formation

We developed a procedure for isolation of recombinant vaccinia viruses (re-VV) based solely on plaque formation, without a requirement for specific cell lines, selective medium or special staining. The system consists of two components: (i) a mutant non-plaque-forming VV and (ii) a plasmid vector that, through homologous recombination, can simultaneously introduce a foreign gene and repair mutation in the VV genome. The mutant VV contains a deletion of the vp37 gene, encoding a 37-kDa protein component of the viral outer envelope that is required for efficient viral spread on cell monolayers. The plasmid vector contains a functional vp37, a strong synthetic VV early/late promoter, unique restriction sites for gene insertion, and flanking segments of VV DNA for homologous recombination. Following infection and transfection of cells with the mutant VV and plasmid vector, respectively, re-VV are identified and isolated by their ability to form plaques. To evaluate the system, a re-VV that expresses the gene encoding influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) was isolated simply by picking visible plaques.
Playful handling as social enrichment for individually- and group-housed laboratory rats

Abstract Social housing is recommended for laboratory rats because they are highly social mammals but research constraints or medical issues often demand individual housing and, when social housing is practiced, it typically involves housing with only one or two conspecifics. We hypothesized that playful social contact with humans (i.e. tickling), mimicking the dorsal contacts and pins characteristic of rat rough-and-tumble play, could act as a partial substitute for, or supplement to, conspecific social contact in situations when laboratory rats are housed individually or in pairs or triplets. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the beneficial effects of regular tickling when young would persist following discontinuation of tickling. Accordingly, we investigated the responses of juvenile male rats to handling conditions (minimally handled vs. tickled) and group size (singletons, pairs, triplets). We measured (a) production of 22- and 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) during a 1-min period before handling (interpreted as evidence for negative and positive affective states, respectively), (b) corticosterone levels from faecal pellets collected in the home cage, and pre- and post-treatment body weight (as measures of physiological stress), and (c) behaviour in an Open Field test (to assess anxiety). After 3 weeks of tickling for 2 min/day, individually-housed rats produced more 50-kHz USVs in anticipation of handling than their minimally-handled counterparts ( P P P P P > 0.05). Both the Open Field and USV data affirm that tickling is beneficial for rats, especially when housed individually, and provide evidence that specific experiences derived from playful contact contribute to the well-being of group-housed animals. We conclude that tickling is an appropriate cross-species social enrichment manoeuver that can promote the well-being of laboratory rats and rats kept as companion animals.
This Old Thing? Using Old Laboratory Equipment to Enhance Student Learning.

Using a surplus of older laboratory instruments, 48 students in a learning and behavior course completed an assignment designed to provide an introduction to the history and use of some instruments...
Altered Activity of Palmitoylation-deficient and Isoprenylated Forms of the G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase GRK6

Abstract G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) utilize diverse mechanisms to associate with the plasma membrane and mediate phosphorylation of agonist-occupied receptors. For example, two members of this family, GRK4 and GRK6, contain C-terminal cysteine residues that are palmitoylated. To address whether the activity and membrane association of GRK6 is regulated by palmitoylation, we overexpressed and characterized wild-type GRK6 and two GRK6 mutants, one with the palmitoylation sites mutated to serines (GRK6-pal−) and one containing a C-terminal CAAX motif to promote geranylgeranylation (GRK6-GG). Compared with wild-type GRK6, GRK6-pal− had a ∼5-fold higher K mand ∼2-fold lower V max for phosphorylating rhodopsin, whereas GRK6-GG exhibited a ∼2-fold lowerK m and ∼14-fold higherV max for rhodopsin. In contrast, wild-type GRK6 and GRK6-pal− displayed similar activity toward the nonreceptor substrate phosvitin, indicating that nonpalmitoylated GRK6 is catalytically active. Wild-type GRK6 and GRK6-GG, but not GRK6-pal−, also bound significantly to phosphatidylcholine vesicles (36 ± 3, 79 ± 4, and 4 ± 2%, respectively) suggesting that GRK6 activity is dependent upon its ability to interact with the plasma membrane. When assayed in COS-1 cells GRK6-pal− promoted minimal agonist-dependent sequestration of the β2-adrenergic receptor, while sequestration was significantly increased in cells expressing either wild-type GRK6 or GRK6-GG. These data demonstrate an important functional link between the ability of GRK6 to bind to the plasma membrane, a process that appears to be regulated by palmitoylation, and its activity toward receptor substrates.
Automatic content coding of English text

PETE is a Programmed Experimental Theme Encoder designed to encode suitably restricted input English sentences into discrete themes, each consisting of: an actor, with its attributes; an action, initiated by that actor, with its attributes; and a target, with its attributes.PETE consists of a three-step encoding process:1. Grammatical labels contained in a dictionary are affixed to all words in the input text.2. A sequential code, i.e. a sequence of one or more basic codes, is then assigned to each word in the sentence; these sequential codes indicate the relationships between text constituents in their role(s) as actor, action, and target units.3. A converter, operating on the sequential codes, recomposes the text constituents into one or more themes.PETE was initially designed to automate the functions performed by the human encoder in coding political text for machine processing by the Stanford Inquirer computer-based program of content analysis. PETE's performance in this role is described.The utility of PETE, in conjunction with appropriate content analytic dictionaries and retrieval systems, for social science research is suggested by its potential use in the content analysis of political event summary statements (WEIS).An appendix describes the detailed workings of PETE and its underlying grammatical theory.
Peer Monitoring and Microcredit: Field Experimental Evidence from Paraguay

Given the substantial amount of resources currently invested in microcredit programmes, it is more important than ever to accurately assess the extent to which peer monitoring actually reduces moral hazard among borrowers faced with group liability. We conduct a field experiment with women about to enter a group loan programme in Paraguay and then gather administrative data on their repayment behaviour in the 6-month period after the experiment. In addition to the experiment, which is designed to measure individual propensities to monitor one's peers, we collect a variety of other potential correlates of behaviour and repayment. Controlling for other factors, we find a very strong causal relationship between the average monitoring propensity of a person's loan group and repayment. Our most conservative estimate suggests that borrowers in highly monitored groups are 36% less likely to have problems repaying their portions of the loan. In addition, confirming previous results, we also find some evidence tha...
A remark on the homology of cosimplicial spaces

Abstract The (second-quadrant) mod p homology spectral sequence determined by a cosimplicial space always converges to zero in negative dimensions. More precisely, for every s and t with t − s r such that E − s , t r = E − s , t ∞ = 0.
Phenomenology of non-Abelian gauge theory reggeons with the J-particle as the gauge boson

Abstract It is pointed out that identifying the J-particle as a gauge boson gives a remarkable agreement between the psion spectrum observed at SPEAR and the spectrum of the resonances associated with the Reggeized gauge boson of spontaneously broken non-Abelian gauge theories. The consequences of this identification in relation to the χ and P c resonances, the leptonic decay width of J and other properties of the J and ψ′ are then discussed.
Acid Hydrolysis of Lactose in Whey Versus Aqueous Solutions

Abstract Hydrolysis was over 90% in a 30% (wt/vol) solution of lactose in 2N sulfuric acid at 60 C for 36 h. The brown color that developed during hydrolysis was removed easily with activated carbon. Slight off-flavors were removed completely by treatment with calcium hydroxide to about pH 6 followed by activated carbon, yielding a syrup of excellent color and flavor. This process minimized anions and cations in the hydrolyzed syrup. Neutralization with lime and treatment with activated carbon gave a syrup with equisweetness to 20.8% sucrose (g/100 ml). Acid hydrolysis of concentrated whey with sulfuric acid produced a more severe browning reaction and off-flavor. Treatments with calcium hydroxide and activated carbon that were effected in aqueous lactose hydrolysates were ineffective in hydrolyzed whey. Sodium bisulfate inhibited color development during hydrolysis of whey but slowed hydrolysis, affected flavor, and interfered with analytical methods.
Radiation heat transfer in SOFC materials and components

Abstract Radiative transport within the electrode and electrolyte layers, as well as surface-to-surface radiation within the fuel and oxygen flow channels, has the potential to dramatically influence temperature fields and overall operating conditions of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). On a larger scale, radiation from the stack to the environment, including heat losses through insulation, must be accounted for in the plant design, and is of critical importance for effective thermal management of the high temperature stack. In this report, we discuss the current state-of-the-art and the challenges that remain in understanding, predicting, and quantifying the effects of radiation in SOFC materials and systems. These phenomena are of great interest and importance not only from a fundamental perspective but also from a systems design point of view. Last, but not the least in importance, the determination of radiative properties of the materials involved – either through experimental methods or predictive models – must be an ongoing effort as new materials are continuously being developed.
Rainfall patterns and the distribution of coals and evaporites in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic

Abstract Paleoclimatologists have adequately demonstrated over the last twenty years that the distribution of climatically sensitive sediments can be related to present-day climatic zones that are roughly parallel to latitude. For example, coals were deposited at paleolatitudes that correspond to the present-day rainy zones, at the equator and at about 55°N and 55°S, indicating that those zones were present in the past. From this, it can be concluded that atmospheric circulation has not been radically different from its present configuration, despite some apparently great differences in some climatic parameters, such as the equator-to-pole temperature gradient. Nevertheless, the zonal model for predicting the distribution of climatically sensitive sediments is not wholly adequate. Although general atmospheric circulation may not have been radically altered from its present pattern, it would have differed in some respects because the paleogeography was different from the present geography. Therefore, we have constructed what we believe are more realistic maps of the distribution of rainfall through time. These maps are based on maps of atmospheric circulation that have been successfully used to predict the distribution of some petroleum source beds and phosphorites. We have compared the predicted distribution of rainfall to the distribution of coals and evaporites for each of seven geologic stages. The circulation-rainfall maps were more successful than the zonal model for predicting the distribution of evaporites and coals for times when the paleogeography would have maximized the development of a monsoonal circulation, which most effectively disrupts the general zonal pattern. For times when a monsoonal circulation would not have been important, the zonal model adequately predicted the distribution of these rocks.
Annual Report of the Secretary-Treasurer and Managing Editor

The Southern Political Science Association has been seriously affected by war conditions. As announced in the November issue of the JOURNAL, plans for holding the annual meeting were cancelled when the officers of the Association found it impossible to hold a profitable meeting. Many of our members have entered the armed services. A majority of them, however, have continued to give their active support to the Association. The services of Manning J. Dauer were temporarily lost when he entered the Army in the summer of 1942. As Secretary-Treasurer and Managing Editor of the JOURNAL he has given freely of his time to the work of the Association. Largely as a result of his effort and able leadership our financial condition is such that the continued publication of the JOURNAL OF POLITICS is assured. The total paid circulation of the JOURNAL has increased from 273 copies in 1941 to 284 copies in 1942. Active members have decreased by 2, but library subscriptions have increased by 13. Two exchange members have been added in 1942 to bring the total number in this category to 45. In addition 15 complimentary memberships continue to be given to State and University of Florida officials. The total circulation of the JOURNAL in 1942 was 344 copies. The Association's annual operating deficit of $129.75 for 1942 may be accounted for in a number of ways. Expenditures for stationery and mailing envelopes were heavy, but supplies of most items on hand are sufficient to last for two years. The sale of back copies of the JOURNAL, once a fruitful source of income, was negligible in 1942. The University of Florida was forced by reasons of economy to decrease its annual grant to the Association. A larger JOURNAL was published with a consequent increase in printing costs. The consequences of this deficit are not necessarily serious. The Association will continue to receive financial support from the University of Florida. Sales of back copies will be increased by circularizing libraries. Certain economies must
National narratives and new politics of memory in Georgia

This paper examines three dominant forms of national narratives concerning the fate of the Georgian nation: the old or classical narrative concerning the salvation and rescue of the Georgian nation...
Strontium-90 Content of Deciduous Teeth of Children

SYNOPSIS IN INTERLINGUACONTENTO DE STRONTIUM-90 IN DENTES DECIDUE DE JUVENILES.—Le contento de strontium-90 del coronas de dentes decidue de juveniles nate inter 1950 e 1958 es adequatemente describite per le equation CT = KCd ubi CT es le Sr90 del corona dental e Cd le Sr90 del lacte. Pro incisores e cuspides intacte e prime e secunde molares cariose, le pendentia K es 0,59, 0,76, 0,69, e 0,77, respectivemente. Le equation predice nivellos de inter 12 e 16 pC Sr90/gm Ca in incisores e secunde molares pro juveniles nate durante le anno 1963 quando le concentration medie de Sr90 in le lacte attingeva un nivello maximal de 21 pC Sr90/gm Ca in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A.
Biochemical indicators of vitamin A depletion in children with cholestasis

Biochemical indicators of vitamin A status were measured in 24 children (1 month to 6 years old) with severe cholestasis starting early in life and in 21 children (3 months to 13 years old) with liver disease but without cholestasis. Liver vitamin A concentrations, expressed as micrograms of retinol per gram of liver (mean +/- S.D.), were 6.3 +/- 7.1 (range: 0.14 to 28) and 143 +/- 108 (range: 18 to 424), respectively, in cholestatic and non-cholestatic children. In infants less than 6 months of age, liver vitamin A values less than 10 micrograms per gm were found in 14 of 17 cholestatic children but in none of 3 non-cholestatic subjects. Plasma vitamin A values, expressed as micrograms of retinol per deciliter (mean +/- S.D.), were 23 +/- 18 (range: 3 to 62) and 46 +/- 33 (range: 14 to 125), respectively, for the two groups. Plasma retinol values less than 10 micrograms per dl were always associated with liver concentrations less than 10 micrograms per gm. Plasma retinol-binding protein was only reduced to 71% of control values in cholestatic children. The fatty acid composition of liver retinyl esters was unaffected by any condition studied. Infants with chronic cholestasis are in a precarious nutritional status very early in life relative to liver reserves of vitamin A. Plasma vitamin A values, unless less than 10 micrograms retinol per dl, are poor indicators of inadequate vitamin A status.
Fungal cell wall dynamics and infection site microenvironments: signal integration and infection outcome

Upon entrance into the host, fungi encounter a myriad of host effector products and microenvironments that they sense and adapt to for survival. Alterations of the structure and composition of the cell wall is a major fungal adaptation mechanism to evade these environments. Here we discuss recent findings of host-microenvironmental induced fungal cell wall changes, including structure, composition, and protein content, and their effects on host immune responses. A take home message from these recent studies is an emerging understanding of how integration of multiple signals, of both fungal and host responses to dynamic infection site microenvironments, determines outcomes of infection. A challenge moving forward is to further understand these mechanisms and harness them for therapeutic benefit.