cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Young Americans: Do junior doctors have it better in the US?

A research fellowship at Harvard Medical School gave one British junior doctor the chance to compare the US healthcare system with the NHS. What she found was two nations divided by a common goal: the best form of healthcare provision.
Mechanisms of Democracy in Union Representation Elections

This paper explores how mechanisms of democracy - such as secrecy and publicity - serve to enhance or restrict the achievement of democratic ideals dependent upon the context in which they operate. I use a comparison of union representation elections and elections for political office to illustrate theoretical points.
Retrospective Study of Obesity in Children with Down Syndrome

Objectives To assess whether children with Down syndrome in the US are at an increased risk for obesity, we determined the obesity prevalence and analyzed obesity development throughout childhood in a cohort of children with Down syndrome. In addition, we analyzed a comorbidity that is associated with Down syndrome and obesity, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Study design This study was a retrospective chart review that evaluated 303 children ages 2 through 18 years with a diagnosis of Down syndrome. All children were patients at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center with multiple height and weight measurements. To determine obesity burden, the rate of obesity was compared with a local control cohort using contingency tables. Change in obesity rate through time was determined with mixed models. Association of obesity with OSAS was determined with contingency tables. Results We evaluated 303 individuals, 47.8% of whom were obese (body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex). This was significantly higher than the general pediatric population, which had a 12.1% obesity rate ( P P = .40). The majority of children with Down syndrome also had OSAS (74.0% of the 177 children who had polysomnography studies). However, OSAS risk was elevated in obese children (risk ratio = 2.4, P = .0015). Conclusions Our results indicate that children with Down syndrome are at a substantial risk for obesity and OSAS. These findings support the need for more aggressive weight management in early childhood and throughout the lifespan.
A Fluidic Colorimetric Sensor Design for Water Hardness Detection

A new sensor design for detecting water hardness using complexometric and colorimetric concepts is presented in this paper. Calmagite, a metal ion indicator, changes color of a solution to wine red in presence of calcium (Ca 2+ ) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) ions at pH 10. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) displaces the indicator from the metal-indicator complex after it is added to a solution and turns it blue. A red solution is transparent to a red light whereas nontransparent to a blue light and vice versa. A photodiode placed across the solution will give out a reading of voltage (V) variation across the diode depending on the amount of red or blue light passing through the solution and striking the photodiode. A sensor prototype is 3D printed with a channel embedded in it to hold water sample. Water hardness is detected based on visual inspection of color change of the sample and voltage change occurring when calmagite and EDTA are mixed to the sample. For a first-generation prototype, voltage variation of ~30% and 13% for blue light and 6% and 74% in average for red light in comparison to the baseline, i.e., when neither calmagite nor EDTA is mixed to the water sample, is observed due to color change. Then, a second-generation prototype is printed, which shows improvement in voltage readings compared with the first generation. Transmittance and absorbance of the solution are computed using the voltage variation data recorded across the photodiodes. A calibration curve is then compiled by measuring absorbance of various concentrations of standard CaCO 3 solution, which is then used to predict the water hardness type of the water sample.
Effect of magnetic pulses on Caribbean spiny lobsters: Implications for magnetoreception

ABSTRACT The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, is a migratory crustacean that uses Earth9s magnetic field as a navigational cue, but how these lobsters detect magnetic fields is not known. Magnetic material thought to be magnetite has previously been detected in spiny lobsters, but its role in magnetoreception, if any, remains unclear. As a first step toward investigating whether lobsters might have magnetite-based magnetoreceptors, we subjected lobsters to strong, pulsed magnetic fields capable of reversing the magnetic dipole moment of biogenic magnetite crystals. Lobsters were subjected to a single pulse directed from posterior to anterior and either: (1) parallel to the horizontal component of the geomagnetic field (i.e. toward magnetic north); or (2) antiparallel to the horizontal field (i.e. toward magnetic south). An additional control group was handled but not subjected to a magnetic pulse. After treatment, each lobster was tethered in a water-filled arena located within 200 m of the capture location and allowed to walk in any direction. Control lobsters walked in seemingly random directions and were not significantly oriented as a group. In contrast, the two groups exposed to pulsed fields were significantly oriented in approximately opposite directions. Lobsters subjected to a magnetic pulse applied parallel to the geomagnetic horizontal component walked westward; those subjected to a pulse directed antiparallel to the geomagnetic horizontal component oriented approximately northeast. The finding that a magnetic pulse alters subsequent orientation behavior is consistent with the hypothesis that magnetoreception in spiny lobsters is based at least partly on magnetite-based magnetoreceptors.
BRD4 Connects Enhancer Remodeling to Senescence Immune Surveillance

Oncogene-induced senescence is a potent barrier to tumorigenesis that limits cellular expansion following certain oncogenic events. Senescent cells display a repressive chromatin configuration thought to stably silence proliferation-promoting genes, while simultaneously activating an unusual form of immune surveillance involving a secretory program referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we demonstrate that senescence also involves a global remodeling of the enhancer landscape with recruitment of the chromatin reader BRD4 to newly activated super-enhancers adjacent to key SASP genes. Transcriptional profiling and functional studies indicate that BRD4 is required for the SASP and downstream paracrine signaling. Consequently, BRD4 inhibition disrupts immune cell mediated targeting and elimination of premalignant senescent cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results identify a critical role for BRD4-bound super-enhancers in senescence immune surveillance and in the proper execution of a tumor-suppressive program.
Fora de sintonia: a ética acadêmica em um ambiente prepóstero

Desempenhar nosso trabalho como professores de forma responsavel e bem feita requer bom carater; mas, mais especificamente, requer virtudes tais como diligencia, persistencia, discernimento, integridade, concentracao, um sentido realista do que e possivel, imparcialidade, independencia, consideracao, coragem – todas necessarias no ensino, na pesquisa e em outras atividades como edicao, apresentacao de trabalhos, dar pareceres, participacao em decisoes de contratacao, etc. Infelizmente, recentes mudancas no ambiente academico – o surgimento de uma nova classe de gestores academicos profissionais, o constante aumento da importância de publicacoes para a progressao na carreira, a crescente enfase em financiamento de projetos de pesquisa e a importância dos “rankings” – estao corroendo sistematicamente essas virtudes academicas cruciais. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE
Urodynamic biofeedback: a new approach to treat vesical sphincter dyssynergia.

AbstractSome children with vesical sphincter dyssynergia are refractory to conventional pharmacologic therapy. Three such patients were treated using a method of sphincter retraining, biofeedback. They observed the urinary sphincter electromyogram while voiding to appreciate visually the abnormality. Two children learned to suppress voluntarily the inappropriate sphincter contraction during voiding. This normalized the subsequent electromyographic recordings and offered subjective improvement in the voiding symptoms. Retraining the urethral sphincter dysfunction may be approached using biofeedback techniques in selected patients.
Early gut colonizers shape parasite susceptibility and microbiota composition in honey bee workers

Microbial symbionts living within animal guts are largely composed of resident bacterial species, forming communities that often provide benefits to the host. Gut microbiomes of adult honey bees (Apis mellifera) include core residents such as the betaproteobacterium Snodgrassella alvi, alongside transient parasites such as the protozoan Lotmaria passim To test how these species affect microbiome composition and host physiology, we administered S alvi and/or L passim inocula to newly emerged worker bees from four genetic backgrounds (GH) and reared them in normal (within hives) or stressed (protein-deficient, asocial) conditions. Microbiota acquired by normal bees were abundant but quantitatively differed across treatments, indicating treatment-associated dysbiosis. Pretreatment with S. alvi made normal bees more susceptible to L. passim and altered developmental and detoxification gene expression. Stressed bees were more susceptible to L. passim and were depauperate in core microbiota, yet supplementation with S. alvi did not alter this susceptibility. Microbiomes were generally more variable by GH in stressed bees, which also showed opposing and comparatively reduced modulation of gene expression responses to treatments compared with normal bees. These data provide experimental support for a link between altered gut microbiota and increased parasite and pathogen prevalence, as observed from honey bee colony collapse disorder.
Magnetic Resonance Venous Volume Measurements in Peripheral Artery Disease (from ELIMIT).

The relation between the arterial and venous systems in patients with impaired lower extremity blood flow remains poorly described. The objective of this secondary analysis of the Effectiveness of Intensive Lipid Modification Medication in Preventing the Progression on Peripheral Artery Disease Trial was to determine the association between femoral vein (FV) volumes and measurements of peripheral artery disease. FV wall, lumen, and total volumes were quantified with fast spin-echo proton density–weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans in 79 patients with peripheral artery disease over 2 years. Reproducibility was excellent for FV total vessel (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.924, confidence interval 0.910 to 0.935) and lumen volumes (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.893, confidence interval 0.873 to 0.910). Baseline superficial femoral artery volumes were directly associated with FV wall ( r = 0.46, p r = 0.42, p = 0.0001), and total volumes ( r = 0.46, p r = −0.45, p = 0.03). In conclusion, FV volumes can be measured reliably with fast spin-echo proton density–weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and baseline superficial femoral artery plaque burden is positively associated with FV volumes, whereas the 2-year change in FV volumes and leg function show an inverse relation.
Objections and Responses to the Google Books Settlement: A Report

This report collects information about the objections raised to the proposed settlement in the Authors Guild v. Google litigation. The report breaks the objections down into distinct, categorized issues. Each issue is illustrated with a representative quotation from an objection filed with the court. This is version 2.0 of this report, which incorporates changes made in the amended settlement and the responses provided by the parties in support of the settlement.
Medicare cancer screening in the context of clinical guidelines: 2000-2012.

e17579 Background: Cancer screening is a ubiquitous and controversial public health issue, particularly in the elderly population. Despite the plethora of evidence-based guidelines for screening, i...
Evaluation of Apixaban for the Treatment of Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation With Regard to Dosing and Safety in a Community Hospital

Background: Apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor, is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Apixaban’s compelling safety and efficacy data, combined with minimal laboratory monitoring, make it an attractive anticoagulant. Objectives: To characterize and evaluate the dosing and safety of apixaban for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at a community hospital. Design/Patients: A retrospective chart review evaluated patients ≥18 years of age who received at least 2 consecutive doses of apixaban from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2016. Patients with multiple admissions were evaluated for each hospitalization. Patients were excluded if height, weight, or serum creatinine was not documented during hospital admission. Patients who received apixaban for the treatment or prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism were excluded. Prescribing patterns were characterized based on FDA-approved dosing regimens and patient demographics. Safety outcomes included incidences of major, clinically relevant nonmajor, and minor bleeding. Results: Of the 707 patients evaluated, 82% received an FDA-approved apixaban regimen. Of the 127 patients (18%) who received an unapproved regimen, 5.5% (7 patients) received an unapproved frequency and 94.5% (120 patients) received an unapproved dose. The majority (98 patients, 81.7%) were underdosed. Composite bleeding rates were 2.7%, with 1.8% major bleeds, 0.7% clinically relevant nonmajor bleeds, and 0.1% minor bleeds. Conclusions: The use of apixaban must be monitored in order to ensure FDA-approved dosing regimens are being prescribed and patients are not being underdosed.
Effects of silica-based nanostructures with raspberry-like morphology and surfactant on the interfacial behavior of light, medium, and heavy crude oils at oil-aqueous interfaces

Any efficient exploitation of new petroleum reservoirs necessitates developing methods to mobilize the crude oils from such reservoirs. Here silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) were used to improve the efficiency of the chemical-enhanced oil recovery process that uses surfactant flooding. Specifically, SiO2 NPs (i.e., 0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt%) and Tween®20, a nonionic surfactant, at 0, 0.5, and 2 critical micelle concentration (CMC) were varied to determine their effect on the stability of nanofluids and the interfacial tension (IFT) at the oil–aqueous interface for 5 wt% brine-surfactant-SiO2 nanofluid-oil systems for West Texas Intermediate light crude oil, Prudhoe Bay medium crude oil, and Lloydminster heavy crude oil. Our study demonstrates that SiO2 NPs may either decrease, increase the IFT of the brine-surfactant-oil systems, or exhibit no effects at all. For the brine-surfactant-oil systems, the constituents of the oil and aqueous substances affected the IFT behavior, with the nanoparticles causing a contrast in IFT trends according to the type of crude oil. For the light oil system (0.5 and 2 CMC Tween®20), the IFT increased as a function of SiO2 NP concentration, while a threshold concentration of SiO2 NPs was observed for the medium (0.5 and 2 CMC Tween®20) and heavy (2 CMC Tween®20) oil systems in terms of IFT trends. Concentrations below the SiO2 NP threshold concentration resulted in a decrease in IFT, and concentrations above this threshold resulted in an increase in IFT. The IFT decreased until the NP concentration reached a threshold concentration where synergetic effects between nonionic surfactants and SiO2 NPs are the opposite and result in antagonistic effects. Adsorption of both SiO2 NPs and surfactants at an interface caused a synergistic effect and an increased reduction in IFT. The effectiveness of the brine-surfactant-SiO2 nanofluids in decreasing the IFT between the oil-aqueous phase for the three tested crude oils were ranked as follows: (1) Prudhoe Bay > (2) Lloydminster > and (3) West Texas Intermediate. The level of asphaltenes and resins in these crude oil samples reflected these rankings. A decrease in the IFT also indicated the potential of the SiO2 NPs to decrease capillary pressure and induce the movement and recovery of oil in original water-wet reservoirs. Conversely, an increase in IFT indicated the potential of SiO2 NPs to increase capillary pressure and oil recovery in reservoirs subject to wettability reversal under water-wet conditions. Raspberry-like morphology particles were discovered in 5 wt% brine-surfactant-SiO2 nanofluid-oil systems. The development of raspberry-like particles material with high surface area, high salt stability, and high capability of interfaces alteration and therefore wettability changes offers a wide range of applications in the fields of applied nanoscience, environmental engineering, and petroleum engineering.
An Approximation Algorithm for Sharing-Aware Virtual Machine Revenue Maximization

Cloud providers face the challenge of efficiently managing their infrastructure through minimizing resource consumption while allocating service requests such that their revenue is maximized. Solutions addressing this challenge should consider the sharing of memory pages among virtual machines (VMs) and the available capacity of each type of requested resources. We provide such solution by designing a greedy approximation algorithm for solving the sharing-aware virtual machine revenue maximization ( $\mathsf{SAVMRM}$ SAVMRM ) problem. The $\mathsf{SAVMRM}$ SAVMRM problem requires determining the set of VMs that can be instantiated on a given server such that the revenue derived from hosting the VMs is maximized. In addition, we model the $\mathsf{SAVMRM}$ SAVMRM problem as a multilinear binary program and optimally solve it, while accounting for page sharing and multiple resource constraints. We determine and analyze the approximability properties of our proposed greedy algorithm and evaluate it by performing extensive experiments using Google cluster workload traces. The experimental results show that under various scenarios, our proposed algorithm generates higher revenue than other VM allocation algorithms while achieving significant reduction of allocated memory.
Role of E-and Z-Carbanions in the Stereochemistry of Anionic Vinyl Polymerization

The occurrence of geometric isomers of type 1 where X and Y may be C, N or O is well documented. [1–8] Recent work in our laboratory has focussed on the occurrence of E and Z isomers of 1 and their role in the stereochemistry of anionic polymerization of vinyl monomers CH2CHC(Y)X where X = 0 or N and Y = 0, N or C.
Cancer Screening Adherence

Cancer is a devastating and debilitating disease. Each year more than 1.4 million people are diagnosed with non-skin cancers and 565,650 lives are lost in the United States [1]. Primary prevention of cancer through behavioral modifications in risk factors such as tobacco use, sun exposure, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and alcohol consumption can reduce the burden of cancer tremendously [2, 3]. However, beyond the small proportion of cancers linked to genetic mutations, many cancers are sporadic. Early detection via evidence-based screening tests (i.e., secondary prevention) remains an effective option for controlling the burden of cancer [4].
Abstract 1836: Induction of secreted soluble decoy EGFR variants by splicing interference overcomes drug resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer

Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in the oncogenesis of multiple cancers, particularly lung cancer. Current treatments are limited by the appearance of TKI resistance from secondary somatic mutations in the EGFR gene, such as the T790M mutation (>50% of biopsies) in the EGFR kinase domain following erlotinib or gefitinib treatment. As these tumors are still EGFR-dependent, EGFR remains a prime therapeutic target in NSCLC. We have recently described multiple natural soluble decoy isoforms for multiple RTKs, including EGFR, which depend on the differential inclusion of functional domains by alternative splicing. We employ antisense oligo nucleotide (ASO) to reprogram EGFR pre-mRNA processing in order to increase expression of mRNA variants that encode for dominant-negative, soluble decoys EGFR (sdEGFR), at the expense of the oncogenic full-length EGFR receptor. These alternative splicing isoforms are generated via intronic polyadenylation (IPA) of pre-mRNA in a U1-snRNP (U1)-dependent manner. More specifically, we are able to induce the sdEGFR variants by using specific ASOs, designed to block the upstream U1 binding site and thus activate the appropriate IPA sites. Here, we show that our novel strategy effectively induces the expression of potent natural inhibitors of EGFR signaling in treatment-refractory lung cancer models in vitro and in vivo, leading to suppression of downstream pathways and tumor growth inhibition. The ASO-induced natural sdEGFR compounds function in a dominant-negative manner and induce dramatic cell death in NSCLC cells harboring multiple activating and resistance EGFR mutations, and thus provides a novel alternative strategy for treatment of refractory NSCLC, to overcome resistance mediated by the EGFR secondary mutations (including T790M, C797S and others). Citation Format: Jeong Eun Park, Lee Spraggon, Elisa de Stanchina, Luca Cartegni. Induction of secreted soluble decoy EGFR variants by splicing interference overcomes drug resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1836.
10 Statistical Quality Control

The metric and English measuring systems are the two measuring systems commonly used throughout the world. In dimensioning a drawing, the numbers placed in the dimension lines are only approximate and do not represent any degree of accuracy unless so stated by the designer. Quality control enables an inspector to sample the parts being produced in a mathematical manner and to determine whether or not the entire stream of production is acceptable, provided that the company is willing to allow up to a certain known number of defective parts. Mathematical statistics states that the dimension on an assembled product may be the sum of the dimensions of the several parts that make up the product. Control charts detect changes in a pattern of variation. The objective of acceptance sampling is to determine whether a quantity of the output of a process is acceptable according to some criterion of quality. Keywords: acceptance sampling; assembled product; control charts; measuring systems; statistical quality control
Early transpyloric vs gastric feeding in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.

Neonatal transpyloric feeding (TPF) has not been rigorously studied since the 1980s. Our objective was to evaluate early TPF, defined as TPF initiated within the first week after birth, among preterm infants in the setting of modern neonatal practice. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2013 and 2017 for all extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants born in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit where early TPF is a common practice. Infants were excluded if they did not receive enteral feeding within the first week after birth or if they died prior to initiation of enteral feeding. The primary outcome was death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The association between early TPF and the primary outcome was assessed using multivariable logistic regression, with adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, and intubation status. The study sample included 368 ELBW infants. Twenty-seven percent received early TPF. Death or BPD occurred in 58% of infants who received early TPF compared with 67% of infants who received gastric feeding, adjusted odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.3–0.9. Growth and adverse gastrointestinal outcomes did not differ between the two groups. Early TPF is associated with reduced risk of death or BPD among ELBW infants. Further investigation in the form of a randomized controlled trial is required to confirm a causal association between early TPF and improved clinical outcomes.
The Effects of Severity and Number of Misfortunes on Reactions to Victims

Previous research indicates that sympathy for victims is related to how much they are suffering. Yet, it is unclear whether greater suffering alone leads to more compassionate reactions to victims or whether reactions to victims are moderated by other factors such as the duration of the suffering or the perceived frequency of the occurrence that causes suffering. Using Kelley’s (Neb Symp Motiv 15:192–238, 1967) covariation model as our theoretical framework, our study tested whether severity and number of misfortunes affected reactions to a target claiming to be a victim. Participants evaluated a target after viewing one of the four video interviews. The videos manipulated the severity and number of misfortunes claimed by a victim. More misfortunes generated more helping intentions. Severe misfortunes generated stronger empathic reactions to victims, whereas minor misfortunes generated stronger negative appraisals of victims. However, number of misfortunes moderated this effect: The most negative reactions were elicited by claims of many minor misfortunes and the most positive reactions by claims of many severe misfortunes. Additionally, participants were more likely endorse helping intentions in response to claims of many severe misfortunes than claims of many minor misfortunes. These results provide insight into factors influencing whether people are taken seriously as victims.
Hofmeister's curse.

Understanding the effects of adding a simple salt to an aqueous solution of a protein is far from simple — and Bruce C. Gibb explains why.
Modeling and Suppression Method for Guided Mode in TC-SAW Devices

In this paper, a modelling and suppression method of the guided mode in high performance temperature compensated surface acoustic wave (TC-SAW) devices is introduced. First, we analyzed the polarizations, acoustic velocity and dispersion characteristics of guided mode, Then, instead of the traditional single-mode COM model, an extended COM model is introduced for analysis of the coupling between the Rayleigh mode and guided mode. This multi-mode COM model can predict the interaction between Rayleigh and guided modes in TC-SAW devices. Last, we verified the effectiveness of this method by a one-port synchronous SAW resonator. This method was very effective in improving the prediction accuracy of the spurious response.
Human factors/ergonomics work system analysis of patient work: state of the science and future directions.

Purpose To demonstrate the use and value of the Human Factors/Ergonomics-based Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) family of work system models for studying and improving patient work. Data sources We conducted a review of the published empirical literature applying the SEIPS family of work system models for patient work. Study selection Included studies had to apply one of the SEIPS family of work system models to study patient work; be published in a peer-reviewed journal in English and include analysis of data. We identified 16 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Data extraction For each study, we extracted settings and situations in which models were applied; research design; study methods; model(s) used; type and number of study participants; study objective(s); whether the study included an intervention; specific aspects of the model used; knowledge generated about patient work and benefits of using the models. Results of data synthesis Our analysis revealed that a majority of studies were conducted in the United States, used qualitative or mixed methods and employed a variety of data collection techniques to study adult patient populations with chronic illness and their informal caregivers and healthcare providers performing patient work in the home and clinical setting. The studies resulted in a variety of useful products, demonstrating several benefits of using the models. Conclusion Our review has demonstrated the value of using the SEIPS family of work systems models to study and improve patient and family contributions to health-related work.
Probabilistic Voltage Sensitivity Analysis to Quantify Impact of High PV Penetration on Unbalanced Distribution System

From an operational and planning perspective, it is important to quantify the impact of increasing penetration of photovoltaics on the distribution system voltage. Most existing impact assessment studies are scenario-based where derived results are scenario specific and not generalizable. Moreover, stochasticity in temporal behavior of multiple spatially distributed PVs requires a large number of scenarios to be simulated that increases with the size of the network and the level of penetration. Therefore, we propose a new computationally efficient analytical framework of voltage sensitivity analysis that allows for stochastic analysis of voltage change due to random changes in PV generation. We derive an analytical approximation for voltage change at any node of the network due to a change in power at other nodes in an unbalanced distribution network. Then, we derive the probability distribution of voltage change at a certain node due to random changes in power injections/consumptions at multiple locations of the network. The accuracy of the proposed method is illustrated using a modified version of IEEE 37 bus and IEEE 123 bus test systems. The proposed framework can serve as a powerful tool for proactive monitoring/control of voltage, and ease the computational burden associated with perturbation based cybersecurity mechanisms.
Symposium on Justin Remhof's Nietzsche's Constructivism: A Metaphysics of Material Objects (Routledge, 2018)

Like Kant, the German Idealists, and many neo-Kantian philosophers before him, Nietzsche was persistently concerned with metaphysical questions about the nature of objects. His texts often address questions concerning the existence and non-existence of objects, the relation of objects to human minds, and how different views of objects impact commitments in many areas of philosophy―not just metaphysics, but also language, epistemology, science, logic and mathematics, and even ethics. In this book, Remhof presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of Nietzsche’s material object metaphysics. He argues that Nietzsche embraces the controversial constructivist view that all concrete objects are socially constructed. Reading Nietzsche as a constructivist, Remhof contends, provides fresh insight into Nietzsche’s views on truth, science, naturalism, and nihilism. The book also investigates how Nietzsche’s view of objects compares with views offered by influential American pragmatists and explores the implications of Nietzsche’s constructivism for debates in contemporary material object metaphysics. Nietzsche’s Constructivism is a highly original and timely contribution to the steadily growing literature on Nietzsche’s thought.
Local persistence of novel regional variants of La Crosse virus in the Northeast USA

La Crosse virus (LACV) (genus Orthobunyavirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes pediatric encephalitis and accounts for 50–150 human cases annually in the USA. Human cases occur primarily in the Midwest and Appalachian regions whereas documented human cases occur very rarely in the northeastern USA. Following detection of a LACV isolate from a field-collected mosquito in Connecticut during 2005, we evaluated the prevalence of LACV infection in local mosquito populations and genetically characterized virus isolates to determine whether the virus is maintained focally in this region. During 2018, we detected LACV in multiple species of mosquitoes, including those not previously associated with the virus. We also evaluated the phylogenetic relationship of LACV strains isolated from 2005–2018 in Connecticut and found that they formed a genetically homogeneous clade that was most similar to strains from New York State. Our analysis argues for local isolation and long-term persistence of a genetically distinct lineage of LACV within this region. We highlight the need to determine more about the phenotypic behavior of these isolates, and whether this virus lineage poses a threat to public health.
Early Major Ischemic Changes on Computed Tomography Should Not Preclude Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Early major ischemic changes on CT should not preclude use of tPA. In 1997, Prof von Kummer and his colleagues in ECASS greatly advanced stroke neurology by showing us the importance of early ischemic changes (EIC) on computed tomography.1 They devised the so-called one third rule and taught us to estimate whether EIC subsumed more or less than one third of the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). In the NINDS study, we missed this important finding. In our trial, we focused on treating half our patients within 90 minutes, and the remainder within 3 hours; there was only time to review the scans for hemorrhage, perform a history and physical, and obtain informed consent prior to mixing up the drug.2 Following the regulatory approval of intravenous (IV) thrombolysis in the United States, physicians have tried to implement CT reading and to learn to read EIC and use the one third rule.1 Although FDA approval was based primarily on NINDS, the approval language and package insert incorporated the ECASS warning about EIC and the one third rule. Listening to neurologists and emergency medicine physicians debate the importance …
Photo-activatable Ub-PCNA probes reveal new structural features of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Polη/PCNA complex

The Y-family DNA polymerase η (Polη) is critical for the synthesis past damaged DNA nucleotides in yeast through translesion DNA synthesis (TLS). TLS is initiated by monoubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and the subsequent recruitment of TLS polymerases. Although individual structures of the Polη catalytic core and PCNA have been solved, a high-resolution structure of the complex of Polη/PCNA or Polη/monoubiquitinated PCNA (Ub-PCNA) still remains elusive, partly due to the disordered Polη C-terminal region and the flexibility of ubiquitin on PCNA. To circumvent these obstacles and obtain structural insights into this important TLS polymerase complex, we developed photo-activatable PCNA and Ub-PCNA probes containing a p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (pBpa) crosslinker at selected positions on PCNA. By photo-crosslinking the probes with full-length Polη, specific crosslinking sites were identified following tryptic digestion and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. We discovered direct interactions of the Polη catalytic core and its C-terminal region with both sides of the PCNA ring. Model building using the crosslinking site information as a restraint revealed multiple conformations of Polη in the polymerase complex. Availability of the photo-activatable PCNA and Ub-PCNA probes will also facilitate investigations into other PCNA-containing complexes important for DNA replication, repair and damage tolerance.
Deep Learning Achieves Neuroradiologist-Level Performance in Detecting Hydrocephalus Requiring Treatment

Purpose: In large clinical centers a small subset of patients present with hydrocephalus that requires surgical treatment. We aimed to develop a screening tool to detect such cases from the head MRI with performance comparable to neuroradiologists. Methods: We leveraged 496 clinical MRI exams collected retrospectively at a single clinical site from patients referred for any reason. This diagnostic dataset was enriched to have 259 hydrocephalus cases. A 3D convolutional neural network was trained on 16 manually segmented exams (ten hythocepahlus) and subsequently used to automatically segment the remaining 480 exams and extract volumetric anatomical features. A linear classifier of these features was trained on 240 exams to detect cases of hydrocephalus that required treatment with surgical intervention. Performance was compared to four neuroradiologists on the remaining 240 exams. Performance was also evaluated on a separate screening dataset of 451 exams collected from a routine clinical population to predict the consensus reading from four neuroradiologists using images alone. Results: The most discriminant features were the Magnetic Resonance Hydrocephalic Index (MRHI), ventricle volume, and the ratio between ventricle and brain volume. At matching sensitivity, the specificity of the machine and the neuroradiologists did not show significant differences for detection of hydrocephalus on either dataset (proportions test, p > 0.05). ROC performance compared favorably with the state-of-the-art (AUC 0.90--0.92). Conclusion: Hydrocephalus cases requiring treatment can be detected automatically from MRI in a heterogeneous patient population based on quantitative characterization of brain anatomy with performance comparable to that of neuroradiologists.
Introduction to the Theory Symposium

The concepts and methods to be reviewed in this Symposium were sparked by a burst of novel experimental evidence in the mid-’60s, on energy transfers in the range of 10–100eV among electrons, photons and atoms. A main feature of this evidence lay in the wealth of resonances discovered in this range, symptoms of a rich yet rather unexpected set of phenomena. The task of interpreting the manifold features of new observations and of the underlying structural changes of atoms or molecules led to a style of physico-chemical research aimed at identifying, evaluating and exploiting the parameters that control each process.
Optimal Control of Evolution Systems in Banach Spaces

The next two chapters are on optimal control, which is among the most important motivations and fruitful applications of modern methods of variational analysis and generalized differentiation. It is not accidental that the very concepts of basic normals, subgradients, and coderivatives used in this book were introduced and applied by the author in connection with problems of optimal control. In fact, already the simplest and historically first problems of optimal control are intrinsically nonsmooth, even in the case of smooth functional data describing dynamics and constraints on feasible arcs. The crux of the matter is that a characteristic feature of optimal control problems, in contrast to the classical calculus of variations, is the presence of pointwise constraints on control functions, which may be (and often are) defined by highly irregular sets consisting, e.g., of finitely many points. In particular, this is the case of typical problems in automatic control that provided the primary motivation for developing optimal control theory.
Implications of portal hepatotrophic factors in hepatology.

I have been requested to discuss the problem of the hepatcitrophic substances from the point of view of their implications in hepatology. This may also serve as an improvised summary of this Symposium; my main qualifications are that I have never worked in the field and that my remarks are not based on personal data. I consider it rather as a license to act as a philosopher not qualified to present the state of the art. The existence of the hepatotrophic substances, their nature, and their contribution to hepatocellular maintenance are still argued. I would like to deal with: (1) the clinical applications of the modulation of afferent blood to the liver; (2) the characteristics of this afferent blood; (3) the site of action of hepato­ trophic substances, hormones, and the messenger cyclic nucleotides; (4) the inter­ play of the hepatotrophic substances as a regulatory system associated with the con­ sideration of the possible beneficial effect of the anabolic processes; and (5) a cau­ tious evaluation of the present state and possibilities for the future. Taking up these points in the order listed, there is little gained in arguing with success in clinical management, whether it concerns the necessity to provide adequate portal blood flow in hepatic transplanta­ tion 1 or the therapeutic effect of the di­ version of portal blood in inherited meta­ bolic disorders.2 This diversion fully or partially corrects the metabolic and mor­ Rhological manifestations of glycogen stor
A transformation-invariant recursive subdivision method for shape analysis

A method is presented for shape analysis by recursive subdivisions. The subdivisions are invariant with respect to translation, scaling, rotation, and intensity shifting. Eigenvectors of the second central movements are used to derive such subdivisions. A hierarchical shape description uses the invariants defined on the second central moments of the subdivisions. The approach emphasizes the local feature for recognizing object shapes as similar. >
Effect of antibacterial agents on ammonia production within the intestine.

Summary1. Five mongrel dogs were fed raw horsemeat 3 days and on fourth day, a laparotomy was performed. Samples of venous blood from various segments of gastrointestinal tract were drawn for determinations of ammonia content. The same animals, similarly prepared, were used after an interval of 2 to 3 weeks to test the effect of orally administered antibacterial agents on the level of ammonia in venous blood obtained from various portions of the gastrointestinal tract. For this purpose, neomycin, sulfasuxidine or achromycin were administered preoperatively by mouth for varying periods. 2. The colon was the principal source of ammonia in portal blood. Of three antibacterial substances tested, only neomycin markedly reduced the ammonia content of portal venous blood from the colon.
Once-Daily Dosing with Phenobarbital in Children with Seizure Disorders

In nine pediatric patients with seizure disorders, aged 8 months to 16½ years, a single daily dose of phenobarbital was as effective in maintaining therapeutic serum concentrations as twice-daily dosing. There were no adverse reactions to the once-daily regimen, and no seizure activity occurred during the study as a result of the change in dosing pattern.
Interaction of the Escherichia coli HU protein with DNA. Evidence for formation of nucleosome-like structures with altered DNA helical pitch.

Abstract Nuclease digestion studies of DNA bound to the histone-like protein HU show that cuts in each strand of the DNA double helix are made with a periodicity of 8.5 base-pairs. By contrast, similar digestions of DNA in eukaryotic nucleosomes show a repeat of 10.4 base-pairs. This and other results (including circular dichroism studies) are consistent with the proposal that the pitch of the DNA double helix in the HU complex is reduced from a repeat length of 10.5 to 8.5 base-pairs per helical turn. Simultaneously, the DNA in the HU-DNA complex containing two dimers of HU per 60 base-pairs has its linking number decreased by 1.0 turn per 290 base-pairs. From these changes it is calculated that HU imposes a DNA writhe of 1.0 per three to four monomers of HU. The results suggest a model in which DNA is coiled in left-handed toroidal supercoils on the HU complex, having a stoichiometry resembling that of the half-nucleosome of eukaryotic chromatin. An important distinction is that HU complexes can restrain the same number of DNA superhelical turns as eukaryotic nucleosomes, yet the DNA retains more negative torsional tension, just as is observed in prokaryotic chromosomes in vivo . Another distinction is that HU-DNA complexes are less stable, having a dissociation half-life of 0.6 min in 50 m m -NaCl. This last property may explain prior difficulties in detecting prokaryotic nucleosome-like structures.
Reconsidering Dewey in a Culture of Consumerism: A Rousseauean Critique

What Dewey objects to is not Rousseau’s recognition of the importance of natural development as an educational aim but his privileging of natural development over social aims (what Dewey terms the “social medium”) and Rousseau’s failure to see both the individual’s nature and the social context as “factors which must work together” in order for optimal education to occur. 2 The aim of the present essay is to re-examine Dewey’s critique of Rousseau in the context of the culture of consumerism that dominates much of American social life today. A clear justification for examining the contemporary relevance of Dewey’s own educational aims appears in the paragraphs of Democracy and Education that directly precede his critique of Rousseau. The statement of an educational aim, Dewey writes, “is a matter of emphasis at a given time.… We tend … to frame our statement on the basis of the defects and needs of the contemporary situation [and] in terms of some alteration to be brought about.” 3 Given the “defects and needs of the contemporary situation” particularly with regard to the commercial influences on children today, is Dewey’s critique of Rousseau still valid? Or might Rousseau’s educational writings provide a more useful source than Dewey acknowledges for an “alteration” in our educational practice? In what follows, I first review Dewey’s repeated efforts to bridge the conceptual separations that he criticizes in Rousseau’s work, particularly the separation between the child’s “nature” and his or her social environment. The overview of Dewey’s attempts to get beyond the dualism he criticizes in Rousseau is followed by an acknowledgement of the pedagogical principles they share. I then briefly attend to those “defects and needs of the contemporary situation” that relate specifically to the effects of consumerism on children today. In the final sections of
Human macrophages acquire a hyporesponsive state of tumor necrosis factor alpha production in response to successive Mycobacterium avium Serovar 4 stimulation

Human macrophages (M phi) from most donors respond to inoculation with Mycobacterium avium serovar 4 (M. avium) by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, which is of critical importance for proper defense against microorganisms. An initial infection of M phi with M. avium results in an incapacity to accumulate TNF-alpha mRNA after reinfection with M. avium, indicating adaptation to a hyporesponsive state by preexposure of the cells to M. avium. Adaptation to stimulation with M. avium is abrogated by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. In the presence of prostaglandin E2, indomethacin-exposed, M. avium-treated M phi remain unresponsive to a subsequent M. avium stimulus to increase steady-state TNF-alpha mRNA, suggesting that prostaglandin E2 is instrumental for the adaptation to an M. avium challenge. TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation induced by a second M. avium stimulus in the presence of indomethacin is blocked by the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin. In contrast, the initial M phi response to M. avium is inhibited by staurosporin, an inhibitor of phospholipid Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases, indicating that the initial and the successive TNF-alpha responses to M. avium are dependent on different mechanisms.
Identifying Inner-Biblical Allusion through Metaphor

Commentators have often noted the numerous prophetic allusions contained in Psalm 51. Identifying and evaluating the nature of such inner-biblical allusions, however, is not without difficulty. An additional feature that connects the psalm to the prophets is the concept of washing away sin (Ps 51:4, 9; Isa 1:16; 4:4; Jer 2:22; 4:14), a distinctive metaphor that is found explicitly only in these passages. This paper will evaluate the connection between Psalm 51 and these prophetic passages vis-a-vis a study of the washing metaphor and will utilize the distinctive metaphor as a criterion for identifying and exploring inner-biblical allusion. The analysis of a metaphor that is rare or unusual within the Hebrew Bible has the potential to inform the identification and exploration of inner-biblical connections and can aid in the discussion of dependency and directionality.