cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Video-based automatic transit vehicle ingress/egress counting using trajectory clustering

In this paper we present an automatic vehicle ingress/egress counting method by clustering dense trajectories extracted from monitoring videos. Dense trajectories are extracted based on dense optical flow when passengers cross the door of the vehicle, and then clustered into different groups according to their descriptors with each legitimate group as a passenger. The contribution of the proposed method is twofold. First, we put forward an online passenger counting framework which is based on feature-points tracking and can be easily deployed to different scenarios. The method works even in low illumination conditions as demonstrated in experiments. Second, vehicle running information was combined to improve the accuracy of passenger counting. The transit vehicle settings are unconstrained and complex due to variations from illumination, movement and uncontrolled passenger behaviors. We tackle this by incorporating different modalities besides videos such as the status of the vehicle (e.g., in motion or not). The experimental results on multiple real bus videos show that the proposed system can count passengers with average accuracy of 94.9% at an average frame rate of 38 fps.
Defining point-set surfaces

The MLS surface [Levin 2003], used for modeling and rendering with point clouds, was originally defined algorithmically as the output of a particular meshless construction. We give a new explicit definition in terms of the critical points of an energy function on lines determined by a vector field. This definition reveals connections to research in computer vision and computational topology.Variants of the MLS surface can be created by varying the vector field and the energy function. As an example, we define a similar surface determined by a cloud of surfels (points equipped with normals), rather than points.We also observe that some procedures described in the literature to take points in space onto the MLS surface fail to do so, and we describe a simple iterative procedure which does.
Temporal coordination of pharyngeal and laryngeal dynamics with breathing during swallowing: single liquid swallows

The critical integration of timing and patterning between respiratory and swallowing events was studied with simultaneous videofluoroscopic and respiratory recording during single liquid swallows. Respiratory phase patterns and the onsets and durations of 12 predetermined swallowing events and associated respiratory activities were studied. Results showed four highly repeatable, temporally oriented sequences (clusters) of swallowing and related respiratory events. Two respiratory phase patterns were identified without statistically significant differences in frequency of occurrence between age, gender, or race. These findings will aid in the identification of normal and abnormal patterns of breathing and swallowing in patients with dysphagia.
Quasi-phasematching: materials, devices, and applications

Summary form only given. Quasi-phasematching (QPM) has evolved into a widely used technique in nonlinear optics. This tutorial covers the fundamentals of QPM, the status of microstructured materials, use in conventional frequency conversion applications, and novel applications in areas such as spatial and temporal pulse shaping and optical signal processing.
Some differential-geometric aspects of the Lagrange variational problem

Abstract : Results relating the classical theory of the Lagrange problem to topics of current interest in differential geometry are presented. A reformulation of the classical theory in dif ferential-geometric language, guided especially by E. Cartan's treatment of the ordinary varia tional problem, is sketched. (Author)
Effects of continuous light and total darkness on cultures of Histoplasma capsulatum

A (albino) and B (brown) type mycelium of 6 human and soil isolates of Histoplasma capsulatum grown at 26°C on modified Sabouraud agar in the dark or in continuous fluorescent light, show marked morphological and physiological differences. Under continuous illumination both types have flat, restricted, subsurface growth with few or no conidia. In total darkness B type mycelium is not overgrown by A type, produces abundant brown pigment, profuse aerial mycelium and tuberculate macroconidia. Cleistothecia are not formed in continuous light. Long exposures to light have a lethal effect on conversion of yeast to mycelium. Yeasts grown at 36°C on brain heart infusion agar or in trypticase soy broth show no microscopic or growth curve differences. Both A and B mycelium convert more rapidly, profusely and completely to the yeast phase in total darkness regardless of the presence or absence of CO2.
NETWORKING AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY, OJO LAGOS

These study examines and evaluate sexual networking among undergraduate students of Lagos State University, who mainly constituted the study population. The psychoanalytic theory (Sigmund-Freud) was synthesized in explaining the concepts of sexual networking and contraceptive use among the students. Therefore a research design that combines a survey of 250 university undergraduate students was adopted for this study. The study found out that larger proportion of the students in the study area participated in unhealthy sexual intercourse with low contraception. For this reason, the study concluded that an aggressive campaign against sexual Transmitted
Practical Aspects of Planning and Conducting SAS Experiments

This chapter begins with tips on writing a successful beam time proposal followed by the guidelines on the optimization of the instrument configuration that allow maximizing output of the high quality experimental data. Methods of the instrument and sample background subtraction are described along with the choice of optimal sample thickness and other parameters that permit minimizing contribution of multiple scattering. Placing SAS data on absolute scale is important as a sensitive indicator of the applicability of the structural model chosen for the SAS data analysis. This can be achieved by using absolute standards or direct beam measurements. Accurate estimation of the effective thickness of powder samples is required for placing SAS data on absolute scale. Several methods of such estimation using different physical parameters are described along with the contrast variation methods using liquid solutions of protonated and deuterium substituted solvents and pressurized gases as contrast matching media.
'Your Raisins or Your Life': The Harrowing of the Takings Clause in Horne v. U.S. Department of Agriculture , 750 F.3d 1128 (9th Cir. 2014)

This comment argues that the Ninth Circuit's Horne decision gravely misconstrued Takings Clause jurisprudence in three ways: it applied a regulatory takings analysis to a de facto physical seizure of property; it proclaimed that personal property deserves a lesser degree of constitutional protection than real property; and it attempted to justify an extortionate demand by the Government that amounted to an unconstitutional condition placed on the right to possess property. The comment warns that the substance of the Ninth Circuit's Horne opinion, if left uncorrected by the Supreme Court, will undermine property rights.
Ultrasound-microbubble targeted delivery of ICAM-1 in mouse model of peripheral arterial disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects 12 million people in the United States. Unfortunately, current treatments are highly invasive and have limited efficacy. Ultrasound (US) in conjunction with microbubbles (MB) has recently been explored as a non-invasive strategy for the delivery of intravascularly circulating therapeutic agents. US mediated MB oscillation can lead to non-damaging, reversible and localized vascular permeabilization resulting in substantial increases of nanoparticle (NP) concentrations in US-treated tissue. Furthermore, by coating NPs with a brush layer of polyethylene glycol (PEG), NPs have long circulating half-lives and limited toxicity. This study investigates the ability of US to deliver ICAM-1-bearing PEG/polyethylenimine (PEG/PEI) NPs to the vascular endothelium in a mouse model of PAD. ICAM-1, an adhesion molecule, expressed post-occlusion by the endothelium of collateral arteries has previously been shown to aid in blood flow restoration. Overexpression of ICAM-1 in this model aims to re-establish pre-occlusion blood flow non-invasively.
Discovery of the Elusive UDP-Diacylglucosamine Hydrolase in the Lipid A Biosynthetic Pathway in Chlamydia trachomatis

Constitutive biosynthesis of lipid A via the Raetz pathway is essential for the viability and fitness of Gram-negative bacteria, includingChlamydia trachomatis Although nearly all of the enzymes in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway are highly conserved across Gram-negative bacteria, the cleavage of the pyrophosphate group of UDP-2,3-diacyl-GlcN (UDP-DAGn) to form lipid X is carried out by two unrelated enzymes: LpxH in beta- and gammaproteobacteria and LpxI in alphaproteobacteria. The intracellular pathogenC. trachomatislacks an ortholog for either of these two enzymes, and yet, it synthesizes lipid A and exhibits conservation of genes encoding other lipid A enzymes. Employing a complementation screen against aC. trachomatisgenomic library using a conditional-lethallpxHmutantEscherichia colistrain, we have identified an open reading frame (Ct461, renamedlpxG) encoding a previously uncharacterized enzyme that complements the UDP-DAGn hydrolase function inE. coliand catalyzes the conversion of UDP-DAGn to lipid Xin vitro LpxG shows little sequence similarity to either LpxH or LpxI, highlighting LpxG as the founding member of a third class of UDP-DAGn hydrolases. Overexpression of LpxG results in toxic accumulation of lipid X and profoundly reduces the infectivity ofC. trachomatis, validating LpxG as the long-sought-after UDP-DAGn pyrophosphatase in this prominent human pathogen. The complementation approach presented here overcomes the lack of suitable genetic tools forC. trachomatisand should be broadly applicable for the functional characterization of other essentialC. trachomatisgenes.IMPORTANCEChlamydia trachomatisis a leading cause of infectious blindness and sexually transmitted disease. Due to the lack of robust genetic tools, the functions of manyChlamydiagenes remain uncharacterized, including the essential gene encoding the UDP-DAGn pyrophosphatase activity for the biosynthesis of lipid A, the membrane anchor of lipooligosaccharide and the predominant lipid species of the outer leaflet of the bacterial outer membrane. We designed a complementation screen against theC. trachomatisgenomic library using a conditional-lethal mutant ofE. coliand identified the missing essential gene in the lipid A biosynthetic pathway, which we designatedlpxG We show that LpxG is a member of the calcineurin-like phosphatases and displays robust UDP-DAGn pyrophosphatase activityin vitro Overexpression of LpxG inC. trachomatisleads to the accumulation of the predicted lipid intermediate and reduces bacterial infectivity, validating thein vivofunction of LpxG and highlighting the importance of regulated lipid A biosynthesis inC. trachomatis.
Thermal Properties of Coal Ashes

The applicability of differential thermal analysis to determine the fusibility behavior of coal ashes was investigated. The technique proved useful to obtain four specific temperature points. These are: the minimum sintering temperature, the softening point, the point of complete fluidity and the reaction temperature which is tentatively identified as the eutectic temperature. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the heat capacity of the ash powders between 100K and 850K. Ash heat capacities were correlated with ash constitution
Measurement and the Development of Science and Marketing

An early accomplishment of any culture commonly has been a counting process which, as it became ordered and accepted, developed into a number system. Numerical precision has been long regarded as, "the soul of science," for knowledge is indeed meagre and unsatisfactory when it cannot be expressed in number form. Meaurement came into being when number systems first were applied to the characteristics of objects according to rules. Russell defines this process as follows:
Electrolyte Solutions Improve Nanoparticle Transfer from Oil to Water

Many techniques to transfer NPs from the oil phase into the water phase have been developed, but all have limitations that remain to be addressed, specifically low transfer yields and partial NP aggregation. One of the transfer processes involves emulsifying an oil suspension of NPs in water with surfactants, followed by evaporation of the oil to produce water suspensions of surfactant-encapsulated NPs. We show here that using salt solutions instead of deionized water significantly improves this emulsion-based transfer process. With oleate-coated CdSe quantum dots as a model NP system, hexane as the oil phase, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) as the emulsifying surfactant, and NaCl solution as the water phase, the resultant aqueous suspensions exhibit months-long photoluminescence stability, near 100% phase-transfer yield, and nonaggregation. These benefits are attributed to a more laterally packed AOT layer surrounding the NP, as supported by zeta-potential measurements, surface-charge calcu...
A New Species of Hesperia (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae)

During a year of study of this genus several possibly undescribed species have come to my notice. Unfortunately, with one exception they belong to the great assemblage of western forms in which the genitalia are not distinctive. To this group belong the named forms or species, idaho, Colorado, manitoba, assiniboia, yosemite, and possibly oregonia. I am reluctant to name additional members of the complex without abundant material showing sufficiently conspicuous superficial characters to assure their validity beyond reasonable doubt, hence several are being held for additional specimens. The species described below fulfills these conditions.
Role of Common Pulmonary Function Testing in Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma in Children

Objective To investigate the changes in the large and small airway function in children with asthma and the time interval changes by comparing the lung function indexes pre and post regular treatment.To reveal the response of airway to bronchodilator and the reversibility of airway stenosis and obstruction in children with asthma in different ages by comparing the changes of lung function of asthmatic children pre and post inhaled bronchodilator.Methods Twenty-five children with asthma were measured with general pulmonary at acute stage,remission stage of 3 months,6 months and 1 year,the measured value and the estimated value of different stage were compared.Moreover,10 cases of them were received bronchodilation test respectively among acute attack period.Results The measured value of forced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1),forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity ratio(FEV 1.0%),peak expiratory flow(PEF),forced expiratory flow after 25%,50%,75%(FEF25,FEF50,FEF75),maximal midexpiratory flow(MMEF75/25)were lower than predicted value in acute stage,then recovered in remission stage,the large airway function index were recovered after 3 months′ therapy,and after treatment of 1 year or more,the small airway function were recoveried.Indicators of large airway function such as FEV1 and PEF,and indicators of small airway function of FEF50,FEF75,MMEF75/25 etc.were recorded after atomized.Conclusions There are dynamical changes of the lung function index during acute and remission stage,so pulmonary function testing has a good assessment in diagnosis,efficacy and disease in children with asthma.
Effect of patient information on the quality of pharmacists' drug use review decisions.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of incremental increases in patient information on the quality of pharmacists' clinical decisions related to legally mandated prospective drug utilization review (DUR) responsibilities. Design: Unblinded comparison of two groups. Participants: 28 community pharmacists in Indiana (group 1) and 32 Public Health Service pharmacists employed in the Indian Health Service (IHS) (group 2). Interventions: Clinical cases involving prescribing problems were developed from patient charts. Each case contained four levels of increasing patient information: Level 1 included only information required for a legal prescription in Indiana; Level 2 added the patient's current medication profile, age, and allergies; Level 3 added the diagnosis or reason for use of the prescribed medication; and Level 4 added the physician's progress note. Pharmacists were asked to evaluate the prescribed drug therapy at each level of each case and complete a Dispensing Appropriateness Index (DAI) report, which included all prospective DUR criteria required by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990. The quality of pharmacists' DUR decisions at each level of patient information was evaluated by comparing pharmacists' responses on the DAI reports with the consensus judgment of two clinical experts. Results: The quality of both community and IHS pharmacists' DUR decisions improved significantly at each incremental level of patient information. Conclusion: Pharmacists in this study made better decisions when they had access to more complete patient information on which to base their decisions.
Leukocytospermia Quantitation (ENDTZ) Test

Peroxidase positive granulocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) are identified by histochemical staining. This test is also referred to as Myeloperoxidase or Endtz test. It is performed when routine semen analysis shows that the number of round cells is ≥0.20 × 106/mL for male infertility patients. In the case of IUI or BASA samples, the cutoff for performing the Endtz test is ≥1.0 × 106/mL of semen. In this case, it is necessary to differentiate granulocytes such as neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophages (primary sources of ROS, which can lead to male infertility) from germinal cells, all of which are seen as round cells. The procedure is done using suspended cells in a liquefied semen specimen and quantitated by counting stained cells using a Makler counting chamber.
Membrane Mechanisms of Tremor

A number of neurological and psychogenic disorders present with tremor. In some, there is a known structural abnormality, while in others the pathophysiology is unknown. For example, the scarcity of a neurotransmitter from presynaptic neuronal degeneration causes tremor in degenerative cerebellar or basal ganglia disorders (Jankovic and Tolosa 2007). Instability of the neural integrators may cause tremor (pendular nystagmus of the eyes) in patients with demyelinating disorders (Das et al. 2000). However, the anatomical and pathophysiological correlates of some tremor disorders, for example essential tremor, are unsettled. Regardless of the primary etiology (structural deficit or idiopathic) contemporary literature suggests that oscillations can arise at the level of neuronal membranes. More recently, it was proposed that membrane hyperexcitability could cause essential tremor (Shaikh et al. 2008). In support of this hypothesis, commonly used drugs (e.g., primidone, propranolol, gabapentin, topiramate) also have membrane stabilization effects (O’Suilleabhain and Dewey 2002; Zesiewicz et al. 2005).
THE CHEMISTRY AND TURNOVER OF LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the chemistry and turnover of lysosomal enzymes. It is often assumed that hydrolases with acidic pH optima are localized in lysosomes. The α- D -mannosidases represent a group of enzymes that at first glance might have some bearing on the question of the biosynthesis of lysosomal enzymes. Immunological comparisons by antibody precipitation tests and double-diffusion plates indicated that the three liver enzymes are immunologically unrelated. While the physiological role of the lysosomal α- D -mannosidase is self-evident from its intracellular localization, the roles of the Golgi and cytosolic enzymes are not. β-Glucuronidase is an unusual lysosomal enzyme in that it is also present in considerable amounts in the endoplasmic reticuiurn of the liver and kidney.
Implementing the ElarmS Earthquake Early Warning Algorithm on the Israeli Seismic Network

Earthquake early warning systems (EEWS) are being operated and tested increasingly around the globe in recent years. Following the Israeli government’s decision to build an EEWS in Israel, and as the Californian EEWS (ShakeAlert) moves toward its operational phase, we demonstrate implementation of one of its three algorithms, ElarmS, to the Israel region. We provide new tools and approaches for implementing and assessing ElarmS outside of California. The main challenges of this research are to identify, verify, and adjust the embedded location‐dependent parameters in ElarmS to the Israeli region, utilizing an unoptimized seismic network and low seismicity rate. To this end, we run ElarmS in three different modes: (1) historical playbacks, (2) real‐time continuous data processing, and (3) simulated data playbacks. These modes enable us to overcome the limitations of low seismicity rates in the region and evaluate the performance of ElarmS with the network that is currently available. We use historical playbacks to adjust the magnitude estimation equations of ElarmS. We then analyze real‐time processing results and provide detailed analysis of two significant events in the region ( M D 5.5 and 4.4). Finally, we provide the first case of how to use synthetic data to evaluate the performance of ElarmS. We find that alert times are mostly affected by the network geometry and also by data delays. Alerts are typically issued within 80 ms after the arrival of the required four P ‐wave triggers data to the system. Magnitude estimations are reliable for events with M D>3.5 within 100 km of the Israeli network using a locally adjusted magnitude relation equation.
Using previous experience for humanoid navigation planning

We propose a humanoid robot navigation planning framework that reuses previous experience to decrease planning time. The framework is intended for navigating complex unstructured environments using both palm and foot contacts. In a complex environment, discrete-search-based contact space planners trade-off between high branching factor and action flexibility. Although approaches such as weighted A∗, ARA∗ and ANA∗ could speed up the search by compromising on optimality, they can be very slow when the heuristic is inaccurate. In the proposed framework, an experience-retrieval module is added in parallel to ANA∗. This module collects previously-generated motion plans and clusters them based on contact pose similarity to form a motion plan library. To retrieve an appropriate plan from the library for a given environment, the framework uses a distance between the contact poses in the plan and environment surfaces. Candidate plans are then modified with local trajectory optimization until a plan fitting the query environment is found. Our experiments show that the proposed framework outperforms planning-from-scratch in success rate in unstructured environments by at least 28% and can navigate difficult environments such as rubble and narrow corridors.
Chaplains Working in Palliative Care: Who They Are and What They Do.

Abstract Background: Palliative care (PC) programs utilize chaplains to address patients' spiritual care needs; however, there is no comprehensive description of chaplaincy in PC programs nationally. Objective: To describe chaplains working in PC across the United States, including their integration on the PC team and visit content. Design: National online survey conducted February–April 2015. Subjects: We invited participation from hospital-based chaplains belonging to four national professional chaplain associations who spent 15% or more of their working hours with PC teams. Measure(s): We developed a 41-item survey to investigate main outcomes of chaplain demographics, practice information, integration into the PC team, and visit content. Results: 531 valid responses were received. We report on respondents who were full-time chaplains (n = 382). Almost half were women (46%), and the majority was Protestant (70%). The average number of PC patients seen per day was 5.2 (SD = 3.5, range 1–30). Half (52%) ...
Explaining Unequal Returns to Social Capital among Entrepreneurs

In this paper, I challenge the dominant claim that women generate less value from using social ties because they tend to be embedded in less resource-rich networks. Although lacking access to valua...
Temperature anisotropy relaxation of the one-component plasma

The relaxation rate of a Maxwellian velocity distribution function that has an initially anisotropic temperature (T‖≠T⊥) is an important physical process in space and laboratory plasmas. It is also a canonical example of an energy transport process that can be used to test theory. Here, this rate is evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations of the one-component plasma. Results are compared with the predictions of four kinetic theories; two treating the weakly coupled regime, namely (a) the Landau equation, and (b) the Lenard–Balescu equation, and two that attempt to extend the theory into the strongly coupled regime, namely (c) the effective potential theory and (d) the generalized Lenard–Balescu theory. The role of dynamic screening is studied, and is found to have a negligible influence on this transport rate. Oscillations and a delayed relaxation onset in the temperature profiles are observed at strong coupling, which are not described by the kinetic theories.
Third-person perceptions, hostile media effects, and policing: Developing a theoretical framework for assessing the Ferguson effect

Abstract Objectives Policing in the United States has come under intense scrutiny following numerous deadly force incidents involving unarmed black citizens, which dominated the news media. Some have argued that consequently, a “chill wind” has blown through law enforcement, such that officers have become more distrustful of civilians, fearful of scandal, and are de-policing. To date, however, scholars have given insufficient theoretical and empirical attention to why and how media coverage of policing may lead to such outcomes. Methods We addressed this literature gap using data from a survey of officers in a metropolitan police department in the southeast. Results We found that officers perceive that media coverage of policing has a large effect on civilians, so much so as to impact crime rates. In turn, hostile media perceptions increase officers' 1) likelihood of believing that civilians' attitudes and behaviors toward police have worsened in recent years—that is, that there is a legitimacy crisis—and 2) fear of having false allegations lodged against them. Additionally, hostile media perceptions indirectly increase officers' likelihood of believing that crime is rising in their city, by increasing their perceptions of a police legitimacy crisis and fear of false allegations. Conclusions These findings have important implications for police-community relations moving forward.
Determining Fraction Equivalence

In the sessions that provide the data for this chapter, the students’ development of the notion of fraction equivalence is documented as students work on tasks that involve both equivalence of fractions and comparison of fractions. During these explorations, the students first discuss, debate, and then establish the notion of equivalence. The episodes in this chapter have been described previously (Steencken, 2001; Yankelewitz, 2009), and this chapter describes how students established the meaning of equivalent fractions.
Functional Analysis of Self-Injury with and Without Protective Equipment

Outcomes of functional analyses of self-injury during which participants wore protective equipment (PE) were compared to those during which PE was not worn. Results of analyses without PE suggested that self-injurious behavior (SIB) was maintained by negative reinforcement for 2 participants and nonsocial stimulation for a 3rd participant. However, SIB was eliminated either immediately or eventually for all 3k participants when PE was worn during their functional analyses. Thus, outcomes of functional analyses with PE did not match those without PE, and the functional properties of SIB could not be identified from functional analyses with PE. Implications for the use of PE during functional analyses are discussed.
Maximizing the benefits of high octane fuels in spark-ignition engines

Abstract Higher octane gasoline will be an important factor in enabling future spark-ignition engines to meet increasingly stringent fuel economy and CO 2 emissions requirements. The most effective method to raise the octane ‘floor’ of regular grade gasoline is through the use high octane blend components, such as methanol and ethanol. However, this is often limited by the negative effects associated with energy density, phase separation and cold engine starting. This paper therefore examines the optimal way to leverage the most widely available high octane fuels to improve the performance and environmental impact of light-duty vehicles. A comprehensive set of baseline engine data is first presented for two splash-blended gasolines containing ethanol (E10 and E30). The octane quality of these fuels (RON 93 and 101) has been raised by directly displacing the gasoline blendstock (RON 90) with higher octane ethanol (RON ∼ 109). The two splash-blended gasolines are compared with the Octane-on-Demand concept, which instead leverages only the necessary amount of high octane fuel when the octane requirement of the engine exceeds the level that can be provided by the oil-derived base fuel. The same gasoline blendstock is used in both cases, thus enabling the leveraging effect of the high octane fuels in the Octane-on-Demand configuration to be directly quantified. The results demonstrate that the Octane-on-Demand concept used in conjunction with either methanol or ethanol provides comparable or lower specific CO 2 emissions to the E30 gasoline, with up to a 10% improvement in specific fuel consumption. The use of a non-traditional engine calibration strategy that maximizes the trade-off between thermal efficiency and fuel energy density also enables the amount of high octane fuel required to suppress knock to be reduced by at least 25%, with methanol offering the greatest benefits. This however comes at the expense of marginally higher specific CO 2 emissions than could otherwise be achieved. Overall, this work suggests that powertrains designed around the Octane-on-Demand concept may provide greater social and environmental benefits than those designed for high octane splash-blended gasolines with significant methanol or ethanol content.
Ruthenium complexes of the general formula [RuCl2(PHOX)2] as precatalysts in propargylic substitution reactions

Abstract After activation by chloride abstraction utilizing NaBArF as an activator (BArF = tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate), a complex of the general formula [RuCl2(PHOX)2] was utilized as a catalyst in propargylic substitution reactions, where PHOX is a phosphinooxazoline ligand. Oxygen and nitrogen-centered nucleophiles could be employed in the substitution of a propargylic acetate to obtain the corresponding propargylic substitution products in 87% to 9% isolated yields (45 °C, 16 h reaction time, toluene solvent, 1–2 mol% catalyst loading, 1–2 mol% activator).
The Lost Millennium: History's Timetables under Siege (2nd edition), by Florin Diacu

(2013). The Lost Millennium: History's Timetables under Siege (2nd edition), by Florin Diacu. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 62-63.
NEMS with Co-Localized Optical and Electric Forces

Recently, there has been significant interest in nano-electro-mechanics (NEMS). By co-localizing optical and electric actuation, enhanced functionality can be achieved. We demonstrate NEMS-cavity tuning using electric forces and NEMS-resonance excitation using optical forces.
Modification of Polymers Using Iodine Isocyanate. II. Improved Methods for Iodine Isocyanate Addition to Polyisoprene and some Biomedical Implications

Polyisoprene can be reacted with iodine isocyanate by adding preformed solutions of iodine isocyanate in tetrahydrofuran to methylene chloride solutions of polyisoprene. In this manner it is possible to react up to 100% of the double bonds in the polymer with iodine isocyanate. These iodoisocyanate derivatives can be converted to methyl iodocarbamate or iodourea derivatives of polyisoprene by reaction with methanol or ammonia, respectively. The synthesis of a N′-(4-sulfonamidophenyl) iodourea derivative (a polyisoprene with pendant sulfanilamide groups) is described.
Comparative Computational Studies in Mathematical Programming

This session is concerned with identifying ideas that will guide future studies on comparisons of algorithms and codes. To do so we have selected three recent computational studies with differing viewpoints. The authors of these studies will make a brief presentation** outlining the methodology they used, their views on the good and bad points in the study, and their suggestions for future studies. Following these presentations members of the panel, who have been selected so as to cover a wide range of opinions on the subject, will comment on the points that have been made. The discussion will then be open to the general audience.
Abstract 2435: ST6Gal-I sialylation potentiates hypoxia adaptation by enhancing HIF-1a signaling

Aberrant surface glycosylation is a well-known hallmark of a tumor cell, however the functional role of glycans in cancer cell biology remains unclear. Tumor cells frequently display an increase in surface α2-6 sialylation, a modification added to N-glycosylated proteins by the ST6Gal-I sialyltransferase. ST6Gal-I sialylates a select cohort of surface receptors, which correspondingly modulates receptor-induced intracellular signaling cascades. Emerging evidence suggests that ST6Gal-I-mediated sialylation promotes the survival of tumor cells exposed to a variety of cell stressors. In the current study we identify a new function for ST6Gal-I in protecting against hypoxic stress. In response to low oxygen tension, the hypoxia inducible factor, HIF-1α, becomes stabilized in tumor cells. In turn, HIF-1α stimulates the transcription of genes important for cell survival. To interrogate a role for ST6Gal-I in hypoxic response, we evaluated HIF-1α accumulation in ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells with ST6Gal-I overexpression or knockdown. We find that ST6Gal-I activity augments HIF-1α accumulation in cells treated with chemical hypoxia mimetics (DFO and DMOG), or alternatively grown in a hypoxic environment. Furthermore, hypoxic cells with high ST6Gal-I expression have increased mRNA levels of HIF-1α transcriptional targets including the glucose transporters, GLUT1 GLUT3, and the glycolytic enzyme, PDHK1. Interestingly, cells with high ST6Gal-I expression also have an increased pool of HIF-1α mRNA, suggesting that ST6Gal-I may influence the biosynthesis of HIF-1α. Finally, cells grown in hypoxia for several weeks display an enrichment in ST6Gal-I expression, consistent with the concept that ST6Gal-I acts as a pro-survival factor. Taken together, these findings highlight a novel, glycosylation-dependent mechanism that facilitates tumor cell adaptation to a hypoxic milieu. Citation Format: Robert B. Jones, Kaitlyn A. Dorsett, Anita B. Hjelmeland, Susan L. Bellis. ST6Gal-I sialylation potentiates hypoxia adaptation by enhancing HIF-1a signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2435.
Dynamics of Charge Transfer and Multiple Exciton Generation in the Doped Silicon Quantum Dot-Carbon Nanotube System: Density Functional Theory-Based Computation.

We use the Boltzmann transport equation (BE) to study time evolution of a photoexcited state, including phonon-mediated exciton relaxation, multiple exciton generation (MEG), and energy-transfer processes. BE collision integrals are derived using Kadanoff–Baym–Keldysh many-body perturbation theory (MBPT) based on density functional theory (DFT) simulations, including exciton effects. We apply the method to a nanostructured p–n junction composed of a 1 nm hydrogen-terminated Si quantum dot (QD) doped with two phosphorus atoms (Si36P2H42) adjacent to the (6, 2) single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) with two chlorine atoms per two unit cells adsorbed to the surface. We find that an initial excitation localized on either the QD or CNT evolves into a transient charge-transfer (CT) state where either electron or hole transfer has taken place. The CT state lifetime is about 40 fs. Also, we study MEG in this system by computing internal quantum efficiency (QE), which is the number of excitons generated from an absorb...
Electro catalytic study of NiO-MOF/rGO composites for methanol oxidation reaction

Abstract In this work the electrochemical oxidation of methanol is studied on NiO based MOFs and its composites with reduced graphene oxides. NiO-MOF and its composites were prepared through hydrothermal method. The as-prepared materials were characterized by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR and Raman IR for their morphological and structural properties. The activity of prepared catalyst for oxidation of methanol was tested via cyclic voltammetry (CV) in an alkaline media on glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical performance shows the effect of rGO concentration on methanol oxidation. The electro oxidation catalyzed by NiO-MOF and NiO-MOF/rGO composites exhibits a magnificent peak current density of 275.85 mA/cm2 at 0.8 V potential with a scan rate 50 mV/s making them a potential candidate for electrocatalysis.
Alkaline Earth Metal-Hydride-Iodide Compounds: Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Sr2H3I and Ba5H2I3.9(2)O2.

Single crystals of Sr2H3I and Ba5H2I3.9O2 are prepared by reactions of NH4I with Sr or Ba, respectively, in a 1:4 molar ratio (Nb ampule in an evacuated silica tube, 1200 K, 24 h).
Critical Factors for Field Staff: The Relationship between Burnout, Coping, and Vocational Purpose.

Background: Outdoor Behavioral Health Care (OBH) programs rely on field staff (FS) for the daily management of program activities, client safety and security, assessment information, and therapeuti...
NCI 8609: Interim fluoro-3’-deoxythymidine (FLT) PET imaging findings from the phase I trial of PARP inhibitor veliparib (V) and carboplatin (C) in advanced breast cancer.

1023 Background: We are currently conducting a phase I trial of PARP inhibitor, V on an intermittent (7 or 14 day) or continuous (21 day) schedule in combination with C in patients (pts) with advan...
Effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on the jejunal mucosa of weaned pigs

The effect of ingested epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the small intestinal mucosa of conventionally weaned pigs was determined. At 21 days of age, 39 pigs were randomly distributed into suckling and weaned treatment groups that were administered 124 micrograms of EGF, 372 micrograms of EGF, or the dosing compound daily. Fecal water content was determined daily. On postweaning days 0, 3, 6, and 9, representative pigs from each group were euthanatized, and jejunal mucosa samples were collected for determination of villus-to-crypt ratio, total protein content, disaccharidase activities, and microbiological populations. At postweaning day 3, the 372-micrograms dose of EGF significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) increased jejunal lactase and sucrase activities in the weaned pigs. Increased lactase activity was not greater than that of the suckling pig controls, whereas sucrase activity was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) higher than that of the suckling pig controls. Significant changes were not observed in villus-to-crypt ratio, mucosal protein content, or disaccharidase activities on other collection days.
UTILITY OF A “LIMITED CODE” STATUS IN AN INNER CITY COMMUNITY TEACHING HOSPITAL

Code status orders have traditionally been thought of in a dichotomous “all-or-none” manner. However, with increasing shared decision making in the end of life setting, code status options need to adapt to varied patient preferences. At our single center, a “limited code” (LC) order was
Immunohistochemical identification of SDHA-mutant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

10029 Background: GISTs are most commonly driven by activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA. However, 15% of GISTs in adults and >90% in children lack such mutations. A subset of KIT/PDGFRA wild-type...
Abstract AP31: ATR INHIBITION TARGETS TREATMENT RESISTANT OVARIAN CANCER

Introduction: Although new treatments for ovarian cancer have been developed with the introduction of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) to standard of care platinum chemotherapy, the majority of tumors acquire drug resistance. Strategies to circumvent PARPi and platinum resistance are needed and our study addresses this gap. We hypothesize that PARPi resistant tumors are dependent on ATR/CHK1 for DNA repair, and by targeting ATR in combination with PARPi would be more effective in eradicating tumor growth. Experimental Procedures: Drug resistant cells were developed by long term treatment of PEO1 (BRCA2 mutant) and JHOS4 (BRCA1 mutant) ovarian cancer cells with PARPi (AZD2281) or Carboplatin. Cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated. Homologous recombination was evaluated by Rad51 foci immuno staining. Replication fork asymmetry was counted by DNA combing assay. PARPi resistant orthotopic PDX models (germline BRCA1/ 2 mutant) were developed by long term treatment with PARPi. PDX developed from a platinum-resistant HGSOC patient with CCNE1 amplification was also tested to evaluate PARPi +/- ATRi. Whole genome sequencing, Reverse-Phase Protein Array Analysis (RPPA) and IHC were performed on cells and xenografts to evaluate for biomarkers of response. Results: ATR/CHK1 pathway was constitutively activated in treatment resistant cell lines. Monotherapy with ATRi alone in vitro modestly induced cell death and DNA damage in PARPi and platinum resistant cell lines. Treatment with ATRi in combination with PARPi is synergistic in reducing survival of these drug resistant cells. Combination treatment was more effective in targeting cell cycle mediators, and promoting apoptosis. HR was restored in PARPi and platinum treatment resistant PEO1 cells. ATRi treatment suppressed restored HR and increased stalled replication fork. PARPi and ATRi combination treatment was synergistic in causing tumor regression in PARPi/Carboplatin resistant PDX models. Conclusions: Our work suggests treatment resistant cells are more dependent on ATR/CHK1 pathway and ATR is a promising target for augmenting PARPi and platinum response in treatment resistant HGSOCs. Citation Format: Hyoung Kim, Erin George, Haineng Xu, Sergey Medvedev, Veena Jagannathan, Mark Morgan, Gordon Mills, Eric Brown, Fiona Simpkins. ATR INHIBITION TARGETS TREATMENT RESISTANT OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 12th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 13-15, 2018; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2019;25(22 Suppl):Abstract nr AP31.
Matthew Hale, on the Law of Nature, Reason, and Common Law: Selected Jurisprudential Writings

Lawyer, judge, public figure and Member of Parliament, legal historian, theologian, and amateur natural philosopher, Sir Matthew Hale worked and wrote in the middle decades of the seventeenth century, that most turbulent period of English political history. A deeply reflective practitioner, he observed, analysed, and gave theoretical expression to the common law from many different vantage points. His reflections on reason, law and the foundations political authority are collected in this volume. It sets two of Hale’s pivotal but nearly inaccessible jurisprudential works—his Treatise on the Nature of Laws in General and touching the Law of Nature and his “Reflections on Mr Hobbes His Dialogue of the Laws”—in context of other key works of legal history and legal and constitutional theory. The Treatise reveals a complex general understanding of law and moral and legal reasoning. “Reflections” brings these very general considerations to bear on English common law, through a critical response to Hobbes’s all-out attack on common-law jurisprudence. “Reflections” suggests a conception of judicial reasoning, and a view of political authority, that deepens the view articulated in Hale’s longer and more systematic work. Hale’s views on practical reasoning, discussed in Treatise, are elaborated and related explicitly to the necessary discipline of law in his “Preface to Rolle’s Abridgement,” in parts of his History of the Common Law, and, crucially, in “Reflections.” The view, suggested in Treatise, that “human law” is necessarily instituted in the “constitutions” (practices, customs, and ways) of specific communities—manifesting therein their “consent”—is enriched and deepened in History and “Considerations touching Amendment of the Law.” His views about the foundations of political authority, sounded in Treatise, are argued at length in Prerogatives of the King and “Reflections.” Taken together, these writings offer a rich and subtle articulation of the classical common-law understanding of law reason, and authority. The editor presents these seminal writings in a text accessible to modern readers interested in law, jurisprudence, political theory, philosophy or intellectual history. He contributes an extended introduction, setting the writings in their historical and theoretical context.
Protein-Defined Subspecies of HDLs (High-Density Lipoproteins) and Differential Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in 4 Prospective Studies.

Objective: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) contains functional proteins that define single subspecies, each comprising 1% to 12% of the total HDL. We studied the differential association with corona...
An experimental and numerical investigation to characterize the low-temperature heat release in stoichiometric and lean combustion

The submitted manuscript has been created in part by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The U.S. Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan. http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan. This work is performed under the auspices of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technology, U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357, as part of the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima).
A model for rubber elasticity

A constitutive equation for rubber-like materials is developed using the left stretch tensor. This process starts with a model for hyperelastic solids based on a separable energy function. This model accurately fits extensional data for vulcanized natural rubber until the onset of hysteresis at intermediate strains. Better predictions outside the hyperelastic range are obtained by directly modifying this constitutive equation to describe limited extensibility. The resulting model accurately fits biaxial, planar, and uniaxial extension data for a variety of rubber-like materials using three constants. This model also predicts simple shear results derived from planar extension data and characterizes inflation of spherical membranes for elastomers and soft tissue. A final modification accurately describes hardening associated with crystallization at large tensile strains.