cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Consistency of a lumbar movement pattern across functional activities in people with low back pain.

Background Limitation in function is a primary reason people with low back pain seek medical treatment. Specific lumbar movement patterns, repeated throughout the day, have been proposed to contribute to the development and course of low back pain. Varying the demands of a functional activity test may provide some insight into whether people display consistent lumbar movement patterns during functional activities. Our purpose was to examine the consistency of the lumbar movement pattern during variations of a functional activity test in people with low back pain and back-healthy people. Methods 16 back-healthy adults and 32 people with low back pain participated. Low back pain participants were classified based on the level of self-reported functional limitations. Participants performed 5 different conditions of a functional activity test. Lumbar excursion in the early phase of movement was examined. The association between functional limitations and early phase lumbar excursion for each test condition was examined. Findings People with low back pain and high levels of functional limitation demonstrated a consistent pattern of greater early phase lumbar excursion across test conditions (p < 0.05). For each test condition, the amount of early phase lumbar excursion was associated with functional limitation (r = 0.28–0.62). Interpretation Our research provides preliminary evidence that people with low back pain adopt consistent movement patterns during the performance of functional activities. Our findings indicate that the lumbar spine consistently moves more readily into its available range in people with low back pain and high levels of functional limitation. How the lumbar spine moves during a functional activity may contribute to functional limitations.
Value of FDG-PET scans of non-demented patients in predicting rates of future cognitive and functional decline

The aim of this study was to examine the value of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in predicting subsequent rates of functional and cognitive decline among subjects considered cognitively normal (CN) or clinically diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Analyses of 276 subjects, 92 CN subjects and 184 with MCI, who were enrolled in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, were conducted. Functional decline was assessed using scores on the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) obtained over a period of 36 months, while cognitive decline was determined using the Alzheimer’s disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. PET images were analyzed using clinically routine brain quantification software. A dementia prognosis index (DPI), derived from a ratio of uptake values in regions of interest known to be hypometabolic in Alzheimer’s disease to regions known to be stable, was generated for each baseline FDG-PET scan. The DPI was correlated with change in scores on the neuropsychological examinations to examine the predictive value of baseline FDG-PET. DPI powerfully predicted rate of functional decline among MCI patients (t = 5.75, p < 1.0E-8) and pooled N + MCI patient groups (t = 7.02, p < 1.0E-11). Rate of cognitive decline on MMSE was also predicted by the DPI among MCI (t = 6.96, p < 1.0E-10) and pooled N + MCI (t = 8.78, p < 5.0E-16). Rate of cognitive decline on ADAS-cog was powerfully predicted by the DPI alone among N (p < 0.001), MCI (t = 6.46, p < 1.0E-9) and for pooled N + MCI (t = 8.85, p = 1.1E-16). These findings suggest that an index, derivable from automated regional analysis of brain PET scans, can be used to help predict rates of functional and cognitive deterioration in the years following baseline PET.
Description of a multi-university education and collaborative care child psychiatry access program: New York State's CAP PC

Abstract Objective Although, child mental health problems are widespread, few get adequate treatment, and there is a severe shortage of child psychiatrists. To address this public health need many states have adopted collaborative care programs to assist primary care to better assess and manage pediatric mental health concerns. This report adds to the small literature on collaborative care programs and describes one large program that covers most of New York state. Program description CAP PC, a component program of New York State's Office of Mental Health (OMH) Project TEACH, has provided education and consultation support to primary care providers covering most of New York state since 2010. The program is uniquely a five medical school collaboration with hubs at each that share one toll free number and work together to provide education and consultation support services to PCPs. Methods The program developed a clinical communications record to track information about all consultations which forms the basis of much of this report. 2-week surveys following consultations, annual surveys, and pre- and post-educational program evaluations have also been used to measure the success of the program. Results CAP PC has grown over the 6 years of the program and has provided 8013 phone consultations to over 1500 PCPs. The program synergistically provided 17,523 CME credits of educational programming to 1200 PCPs. PCP users of the program report very high levels of satisfaction and self reported growth in confidence. Conclusions CAP PC demonstrates that large-scale collaborative consultation models for primary care are feasible to implement, popular with PCPs, and can be sustained. The program supports increased access to child mental health services in primary care and provides child psychiatric expertise for patients who would otherwise have none.
Mechanistic modeling of critical sand deposition velocity in gas-liquid stratified flow

Abstract Among the different regimes in multiphase pipelines, stratified flow is most prone to sand deposition, owing to the low liquid velocity and the lack of mixing. The main goal of this study is to predict the critical sand deposition velocity under stratified flow. The critical sand deposition velocity is defined as the minimum velocity that keeps all particles moving at all time, above which there is no stationary bed at all. Two models with similar approaches are developed based on the forces acting on a particle, such as the drag, turbulent, apparent gravity, van der Waals and lift forces for prediction of the transitions between moving/stationary dunes and moving/stationary bed. Dune pilling up and collapsing mechanism considering a torque balance on a rolling particle located at the top of the dune is adopted for stationary dunes. Torque balance applied to a rolling particle located on the lowest stratum of the moving bed layer is used to predict the minimum liquid film velocity for particle to grow a stationary bed. Comparison between the predictions of the two mechanistic models and the experimental data show good agreement, with critical sand deposition velocity absolute relative errors at 16.4% for stationary dunes and 12.6% for stationary bed.
Compiling Bayesian networks with local structure

Recent work on compiling Bayesian networks has reduced the problem to that of factoring CNF encodings of these networks, providing an expressive framework for exploiting local structure. For networks that have local structure, large CPTs, yet no excessive determinism, the quality of the CNF encodings and the amount of local structure they capture can have a significant effect on both the offline compile time and online inference time. We examine the encoding of such Bayesian networks in this paper and report on new findings that allow us to significantly scale this compilation approach. In particular, we obtain order-of-magnitude improvements in compile time, compile some networks successfully for the first time, and obtain ordersof-magnitude improvements in online inference for some networks with local structure, as compared to baseline jointree inference, which does not exploit local structure.
An Analytical Model for the Time Constants of Optical Fiber Temperature Sensing

An optical fiber temperature sensor can be a useful in-pile temperature sensor for TREAT (Transient REAtor Test facility) due to its simplicity, size, and ability to measure temperatures along its length. However, the optical fiber would need to be encased in a protected capillary tube to survive the reactor environment for an extended period of time and to install the fiber in the reactor. Surrounding the fiber with a capillary tube reduces the heat transfer rate and, therefore, the temperature response of the fiber. The goal of this paper is to determine the time constants, and therefore to predict the response time, of the fiber for a fiber and capillary tube system of known dimensions and properties as well as to determine methods to improve the response of the sensors. For our analysis, a stainless steel capillary tube was chosen, and argon was selected to fill the gap between the capillary tube and the fiber. A mathematical model in the radial dimension was created using an electrical–thermal analogy with known thermal resistances and capacitances of the system. This model was used to analyze the temperature response of the fiber when: 1) a step change in temperature was applied to the outer surface of the fiber; 2) a step change in temperature was applied to the outer surface of the capillary tube in a capillary tube-gap-fiber system; and 3) the capillary tube-gap-fiber system is instantaneously plunged into a conducting medium. At each stage, the analytical results were compared with the predictions of an ANSYS finite-element model under the same conditions.
Systemic Racism in the Media: Representations of Black Athletes in Sport Magazines

The authors examine ways that media contribute to the maintenance of US sport as a racial structure. In a content analysis of ten major US sport magazines over a 10 year period, they utilize Joe R. Feagin’s theory and his concept of the white racial frame to advance an understanding of how these periodicals portray black athletes. Findings reveal that only a small minority of articles addressed race directly, and of those that did, three predominant themes emerged: (i) the first black person to have accomplished something significant in a sport; (ii) correct wrongs of the past; and (iii) highlight the small or declining numbers of black participants in a sport. Consequences of such portrayals are explored.
Other Disorders Frequently Comorbid with Autism

Despite the challenges inherent in dealing with the difficulties of an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, a large percentage of individuals with this diagnosis also experience a comorbid mental disorder (e.g., Abdallah et al., Eur Child Adoles Psy 20:599–601, 2011; Matson and Nebel-Schwalm, Res Dev Disabil 28:341–352, 2007; Simonoff et al., J Child Psychol Psyc 54:186–194, 2013). Not only do these individuals have to cope with deficits in social communication, repetitive and restrictive behaviors, and possibly language delays but many also try to manage a host of other clinically impairing issues. This state of affairs clearly heightens the need for effective assessment tools, diagnostic standards, and tailored interventions. Co-occurring disorders can be difficult to accurately discern, especially when nonspecific symptoms (i.e., symptoms that are associated with more than one diagnosis) are present and when the individuals are not able to fully express their own experiences (Mazzone et al., Ann Gen Psychiatry 32:237–251, 2012). This phenotypic overlap highlights the need to carefully consider the qualitative aspects of ASD and comorbid presentations. Thus, the aim of the present chapter is to provide current information on frequently occurring comorbid conditions of ASDs. A broad range of disorders are discussed, including intellectual disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and tic disorders. We also discuss disorders of impulse control, sleep, feeding, elimination, and mood (i.e., depressive disorders and bipolar-related disorders). Although highly comorbid with ASD, anxiety disorders are not discussed here due to their detailed coverage in other chapters of this volume.
The sadness of the psychopath

In this introduction to the study and treatment of antisocial disorders, pain and loss to, as well as from, the sociopath are explored in an effort to establish and update an overview of sociopathy...
Intake of folate and other nutrients related to one-carbon metabolism and risk of cutaneous melanoma among US women and men.

Abstract Background Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism - folate, vitamins B6 and B12, methionine, choline, and betaine - have been inversely associated with multiple cancer sites and may be related to skin cancer. However, there is a lack of research on the association between intake of these nutrients and cutaneous melanoma risk. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between intake of one-carbon metabolism nutrients and cutaneous melanoma risk in two large prospective cohorts. Methods The cohorts included 75,311 white women and 48,523 white men. Nutrient intake was assessed repeatedly by food frequency questionnaires and self-reported supplement use. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and then pooled HRs using a random-effects model. Results Over 24–26 years of follow-up, we documented 1328 melanoma cases (648 men and 680 women). Higher intake of folate from food only, but not total folate, was associated with increased melanoma risk (pooled HR for top versus bottom quintile: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.13–1.64; P for trend = 0.001). The association was significant in men, but attenuated in women. Higher intake of vitamins B6 and B12, choline, betaine, and methionine were not associated with melanoma risk, although there was modest increasing trend of risk for vitamin B6 from food only (pooled HR for top versus bottom quintile: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99–1.41; P for trend = 0.03). Conclusions We found some evidence that higher intake of folate from food only was associated with a modest increased risk of cutaneous melanoma. However, since other factors related to dietary folate intake may account for the observed association, our findings warrant further investigation.
Mathematics and Its Relations to Other Disciplines.

NOT long after agreeing to discuss this topic, I became aware that I had com mitted myself to a very controversial sub ject. I found, too, that I could not pos sibly read, or even locate, the major part of what has been written on it. Educators, mathematicians, engineers, natural scien tists, administrators (including college presidents), and just about every class of professionals who use any mathematics at all seem to have expressed their views. Moreover, nonprofessionals, nonusers of mathematics, and especially parent groups have been quite vocal and, as might be expected, the most dogmatic in their pro nouncements. Indeed, dogmatism seems to have run rampant, frequently accompanied by (and probably activated by) anger. It is a truism that those social issues that affect people most deeply generally stir up emo tions that generate dogmatic attitudes. Rational inquiry becomes difficult when emotions predominate, and opinions whose basis has been obscured by a flood of passion easily evolve into dogma. I am of the opinion that it has been one of the great failures in the teaching of mathe matics, that it has never engendered as a cultural habit the search for the postulates on which so many of our opinions and decisions are based.
Adjuvant therapy may decrease disparities in outcomes for black endometrial cancer patients.

5587Background: Prior literature reports worse survival in Black (B) endometrial cancer patients compared to White (W) counterparts. This study compares outcomes between B and W patients after acco...
Wasted dynamic power and correlation to instruction set architecture for CPU throttling

Reducing dynamic power consumption is one of the major design goals in modern high-performance processor design. Throttling is a mechanism that reduces dynamic power at the expense of reduced throughput. Instruction profiling can identify a set of instructions suitable for fine-grained throttling without significant performance degradation. In this paper, an Electronic Design Automation (EDA) flow was developed to process pipeline trace at an early stage to identify the bottleneck. Using the developed EDA flow, this work identifies a set of instructions suitable for fine-grained CPU throttling to reduce wasted dynamic power in RISC-V architecture. To rank higher stall causing instructions in the instruction profile, a weight-based system was introduced. It was observed that independent of the workload and type, higher stall causing instructions were repeating across all the benchmark programs. The top 10 instruction profiles for each test suite identify probable throttling clock cycles for each pipeline stage for wasted dynamic power reduction at minimal performance loss. These results are expected to enable researchers to reduce wasted dynamic power by modifying existing architecture and effectively apply throttling mechanism without significant performance degradation.
Heterojunction of TiO 2 nanoparticle embedded into ZSM5 to 2D and 3D layered-structures of MoS 2 nanosheets fabricated by pulsed laser ablation and microwave technique in deionized water: structurally enhanced photocatalytic performance

In this paper, we report a one-step, fast and ecofriendly synthesis of layered-structured MoS2 nanosheets (NSs) by pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL). The resultant MoS2 NS was used to construct TiO2–ZSM5–MoS2 nanocomposite. After impregnating ZSM5 structures with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), heterojunctions of MoS2 NS were made on the fabricated TiO2–ZSM5 by microwave treatment at high temperature and pressure. Formation of 2D and 3D structures of MoS2 was shown. Crystal structure, size and shape of the synthesized nanostructures were studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and microscopy techniques. Results of the structural analysis showed that the PLAL constructed MoS2 NSs mainly had a layered morphology several micrometers in size with horizontally and vertically aligned layers. The hexagonal crystalline structure of MoS2 NS, anatase TiO2 NPs and microcrystalline ZSM5 structures were determined by XRD, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis. Formation of MoS2 NS was further shown with Raman peaks at approximately 385.30 and 407.50 cm−1 corresponding to the E1 2 g and A1g vibrational modes of MoS2 NS. The PLAL synthesized MoS2 NS demonstrated broad absorption in the visible region. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2–ZSM5–MoS2 nanocomposite was tested with arsenite. TiO2–ZSM5–MoS2 nanocomposite exhibited approximately 100% arsenite photo-conversion to arsenate.
Understanding College “Burnout” from a Social Perspective: Reigniting the Agency of Low-Income Racial Minority Strivers Towards Achievement

Research indicates that health problems are becoming increasingly complex and prevalent among college students, while largely going without recognition or treatment. Low-income racial minority students may have additional personal and academic issues associated with demonstrating grit and overcoming barriers to entry (i.e. institutional racism) over the course of their lives. When the campus environment is not socially or culturally supportive of racial minority and first-generation college students, there is an added risk of mental health deterioration stemming from isolation for these students. The struggle to persist in college, and do so alone, can lead many to experience symptoms of impending “burnout,” or disengagement from academic settings. Drawing from a sample of interviews with low-income racial minority strivers—students who were once highly engaged—this paper offers insight into both causes and solutions for college burnout. Findings suggest that it is important to understand how experiences of isolation manifest to better support minority student populations and foster their academic reengagement to achieve at high levels. This paper outlines recommendations for improving the college experiences of racial minority and first-generation students, including examples of resources and recommendations to improve the higher education landscape towards more inclusivity and equity.
Health-related quality of life and economic implications of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Background Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) has been associated with considerable physical, psychological and financial burden. However, its impact on health-related quality of life (QoL) and economic costs are not well studied. Objectives To measure the QoL impact and financial burden of CTCL. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 67 patients with CTCL was conducted using the Ontario Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) questionnaire. Normative population data (n = 3310) were obtained from the 2002-2003 Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health. Economic cost was estimated using quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) loss derived from HUI3 scores. Results Patients with CTCL had significantly lower aggregate HUI3 scores than the general population (0·68 vs. 0·87, P Conclusions These findings suggest CTCL has a pervasive impact on QoL, comparable with debilitating conditions such as end-stage renal disease. The substantial economic burden of CTCL underscores the potential societal benefit of prompt diagnosis and effective management. What's already known about this topic? Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is associated with physical, psychological and financial burden. What does this study add? The overall quality-of-life impact of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma has not previously been measured using a generic health utility instrument. In this study, we compare the overall quality-of-life burden of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with that of other populations and calculate the economic burden of the disease.
Effect of dietary vitamin K1 on selected plasma characteristics and bone ash and the requirement of vitamin K1 in young turkeys

Three experiments (Exp.) were conducted to determine the effect of dietary Kl on selected plasma characteristics and bone ash in poults. In Exp. 1. diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5. I.O or 2.0 mg of Kl/kg. All diets contained 1.650 lU of vitamin D3 (D3)/kg. Dietary fCI had no effect on tibia ash at 7 d or incidence or severity of the rickets-like condition. Tibia ash of poults fed 2.0 mg of Kl/kg, however, was greater at 14 d of age than tibia ash of poults fed the basal diet. Dietary inclusion of 0.5 mg of Kl/kg was as effective as lor 2 mg of Kl/kg in reducing plasma prothrombin time. In Exp. 2. a 2^4 factorial arrangement was used consisting of 1650 or 550 lU of D3/kg and 0.1, 0.45, 1.0 and 2.0 mg of Kl/kg. Dietar\' D3 and Kl had no effect on bone ash. Dietary inclusion of O.l mg of Kl/kg seemed to be enough to minimize plasma prothrombin time. In Exp. 3. dietary treatments consisted of a Control (1.650 lU of D3 and 2.0 mg of Kl/kg) and Kl concentrations of 0, 0.37. 2.28. or 5.33 mg/kg in diets containing 275 lU of D3/kg. Poults fed the low D3 diet without Kl consumed less feed and gained less weight, and had increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity', decreased inorganic phosphorus level and decreased tibia ash (P compared with those of poults fed the Control diet. Feed intake and body weight gain were
Linking Pavlovian Disgust Conditioning and Eating Disorder Symptoms: An Analogue Study.

Abstract Although the experience of disgust is commonly endorsed among women with eating disorders, it remains unclear how to best model this emotion in relation to disordered eating. The present study sought to identify potential disgust conditioning abnormalities that may underlie the development of eating disorder symptoms. Individuals high and low in eating disorder symptoms (HED, n = 19; LED, n = 18) completed a Pavlovian conditioning procedure in which one neutral food item (conditioned stimulus; CS +) was followed by disgusting videos of individuals vomiting (unconditioned stimulus; US) and another neutral food item (CS–) was not reinforced with the disgusting video. Following this acquisition procedure, there was an extinction procedure in which both CSs were presented unreinforced. The results showed that ratings of disgust, fear, and willingness to eat the CS + and CS- did not significantly vary as a function of the conditioning phase for the LED group. However, the HED group rated the CS + as significantly more disgusting and fear inducing than the CS- after the acquisition phase and this pattern persisted after extinction. These conditioning effects were also observed to be significantly larger for disgust compared to fear. The HED group also reported being significantly less willing to eat the CS + compared to the CS- after the acquisition phase and this pattern also persisted after extinction. In the full sample, only discriminant disgust responding after acquisition was associated with the amount of calorie consumption over the 24-hour period after conditioning. These findings suggest that eating disorder symptoms may result from a heightened proneness to associate disgusting outcomes with otherwise neutral food items. This pattern of disgust learning may reinforce food avoidance in eating disorders and appears to be difficult to fully unlearn.
The Effects of Simulated Intermittent Altitude on Mucosal Immunity

Altitude training is widely accepted as an aerobic performance enhancement approach; however, this type of training is physiologically stressful, and its effects on the immune system are unclear. C...
Computationally efficient fully-automatic online neural spike detection and sorting in presence of multi-unit activity for implantable circuits.

Abstract Background Spike sorting is a basic step for implantable neural interfaces. With the growing number of channels, the process should be computationally efficient, automatic,robust and applicable on implantable circuits. New Method The proposed method is a combination of fully-automatic offline and online processes. It introduces a novel method for automatically determining a data-aware spike detection threshold, computationally efficient spike feature extraction, automatic optimal cluster number evaluation and verification coupled with Self-Organizing Maps to accurately determine cluster centroids. The system has the ability of unsupervised online operation after initial fully-automatic offline training. The prime focus of this paper is to fully-automate the complete spike detection and sorting pipeline, while keeping the accuracy high. Results The proposed system is simulated on two well-known datasets. The automatic threshold improves detection accuracies significantly( > 15%) as compared to the most common detector. The system is able to effectively handle background multi-unit activity with improved performance. Comparison Most of the existing methods are not fully-automatic; they require supervision and expert intervention at various stages of the pipeline. Secondly, existing works focus on foreground neural activity. Recent research has highlighted importance of background multi-unit activity, and this work is amongst the first efforts that proposes and verifies an automatic methodology to effectively handle them as well. Conclusion This paper proposes a fully-automatic, computationally efficient system for spike sorting for both single-unit and multi-unit spikes. Although the scope of this work is design and verification through computer simulations, the system has been designed to be easily transferable into an integrated hardware form.
Analysis of an in-host tuberculosis model for disease control

Abstract Tuberculosis is still a global threat to humans. In this letter, we analyzed a four-dimensional with-in host tuberculosis infection model and obtain thresholds for basic reproduction number, forward bifurcation, and backward bifurcation. Global sensitivity analysis provides parameters, which significantly influence the model dynamics. Bifurcation analysis and diagrams show parameter regions for disease elimination, latency, and active disease. Numerical simulations prove analytical results and demonstrate bistable model dynamics.
Influence of dietary aluminum and phosphorus on zinc metabolism in dairy calves.

The metabolism of a single oral zinc-65 dose was studied in young dairy calves fed two concentrations of added A1 (0 and .20% A1) and two concentrations of added P (0 and .22% P) for 7 wk. The four treatments were 1) normal P-low A1, 2) low P-low A1, 3) normal P-high A1 and 4) low P-high A1. The basal diet (low P-low AL) contained, by analysis, .132% P, .74% Ca, .021% A1 and 59 ppm Zn. Zinc-65 absorption was greater (66.5 vs 63.2% of dose, P less than .10) with the low-P diet; added A1 reduced (P less than .05) 65Zn absorption. Calves fed low-P diets had higher (P less than .10) concentrations of 65Zn in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, small intestine and testicle than those fed normal-P diets. Zinc-65 was reduced (P less than .10) in pancreas, heart, testicle and muscle of calves fed high A1. Iron was increased in liver and kidney (P less than .10), Zn (P less than .10) and Mn (P less than .01) were increased in liver, but Fe in small intestine and Cu in muscle and tibia shaft were decreased (P less than .10) in calves fed the low-P diets compared to those fed adequate-P diets. High A1 reduced (P less than .10) Cu in small intestine and tibia shaft. The results suggest that zinc metabolism may be moderately affected in calves fed either low-P or high-A1 diets.
Derivations and rational powers of ideals

If A is a commutative Noetherian ring and $$\delta $$ is a derivation on A, we study the integral closure, coefficient ideals, and rational powers of the ideals I of A satisfying $$\delta (I)\subseteq I$$.
Stochastische Subjektivität: Die Wiederkehr des Subjekts in Benses Terry Jo

Wahrend Max Bense in seinen theoretischen Texten und auch in seinen experimentellen Werken die Rolle des menschlichen Subjekts immer wieder hinterfragt, bietet sein Text Vielleicht zunachst wirklich nur: Monolog der Terry Jo im Mercey Hospital (1963) eine viel ambivalentere Perspektive auf die Frage der Subjektivitat. In seinem eigenen Kommentar zu Vielleicht zunachst wirklich nur stellt Bense das Werk hauptsachlich als experimentelles Ergebnis dar. Dennoch erweist sich der Text bei naherer Betrachtung als ein Experiment, das nicht nur die technologische Fahigkeit des Computers beweist, rudimentare Texte schreiben zu konnen, sondern das auch produktive Spannungen in den Konzepten von Autorschaft und Subjektivitat bloslegt, und zwar gerade, indem es eine nicht-subjektive Schreibweise zu entwickeln versucht. Das Ergebnis des Experiments lasst sich als eine Art Rehabilitierung des Subjekts verstehen, wobei das Subjekt aber nicht als Ursprung, sondern als Ausgang eines Schreibprozesses auftritt, an dem sowohl Mensch als auch Maschine beteiligt sind.
Risk of Operative and Nonoperative Interventions Up to 4 Years After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass vs Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in a Nationwide US Commercial Insurance Claims Database.

Importance There are few nationwide studies comparing the risk of reintervention after contemporary bariatric procedures. Objective To compare the risk of intervention after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) vs vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study used a nationwide US commercial insurance claims database. Adults aged 18 to 64 years who underwent a first RYGB or VSG procedure between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2017, were matched on US region, year of surgery, most recent presurgery body mass index (BMI) category (based on diagnosis codes), and baseline type 2 diabetes. The prematch pool included 4496 patients undergoing RYGB and 8627 patients undergoing VSG, and the final weighted matched sample included 4476 patients undergoing RYGB and 8551 patients undergoing VSG. Exposures Bariatric surgery procedure type (RYGB vs VSG). Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was any abdominal operative intervention after the index procedure. Secondary outcomes included the following subtypes of operative intervention: biliary procedures, abdominal wall hernia repair, bariatric conversion or revision, and other abdominal operations. Nonoperative outcomes included endoscopy and enteral access. Time to first event was compared using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Results Among 13 027 patients, the mean (SD) age was 44.4 (10.3) years, and 74.1% were female; 13.7% had a preoperative BMI between 30 and 39.9, 45.8% had a preoperative BMI between 40 and 49.9, and 24.2% had a preoperative BMI of at least 50. Patients were followed up for up to 4 years after surgery (median, 1.6 years; interquartile range, 0.7-3.2 years), with 41.9% having at least 2 years of follow-up and 16.3% having at least 4 years of follow-up. Patients undergoing VSG were less likely to have any subsequent operative intervention than matched patients undergoing RYGB (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.89) and similarly were less likely to undergo biliary procedures (aHR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90), abdominal wall hernia repair (aHR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.47-0.75), other abdominal operations (aHR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.61-0.82), and endoscopy (aHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.49-0.59) or have enteral access placed (aHR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.86). Patients undergoing VSG were more likely to undergo bariatric conversion or revision (aHR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.19-2.80). Conclusions and Relevance In this nationwide study, patients undergoing VSG appeared to be less likely than matched patients undergoing RYGB to experience subsequent abdominal operative interventions, except for bariatric conversion or revision procedures. Patients considering bariatric surgery should be aware of the increased risk of subsequent procedures associated with RYGB vs VSG as part of shared decision-making around procedure choice.
Propuestas para ampliar la cobertura de salud mental infantil en Chile

Resumen Las experiencias tempranas de vida impactan de manera significativa en la arquitectura del cerebro del infante, pudiendo fortalecerla o debilitarla permanentemente. La sintomatologia psicologica presente en la infancia no es transitoria, por lo que la intervencion temprana supone beneficios directos, tanto sociales como economicos. El presente trabajo propone fundamentar, con base en los hallazgos de la literatura mas reciente, la incorporacion en Chile de nuevas Garantias Explicitas en Salud, destinadas especificamente a tratar patologias mentales de la infancia. Se argumenta que se trata de una politica publica altamente eficiente, capaz de aportar significativamente en la disminucion tanto de los costes asociados a Salud Mental como de las brechas de equidad en salud.
The Discovery of Cosmic Voids

The large-scale structure of the Universe is dominated by vast voids with galaxies clustered in knots, sheets, and filaments, forming a great 'cosmic web'. In this personal account of the major astronomical developments leading to this discovery, we learn from Laird A. Thompson, a key protagonist, how the first 3D maps of galaxies were created. Using non-mathematical language, he introduces the standard model of cosmology before explaining how and why ideas about cosmic voids evolved, referencing the original maps, reproduced here. His account tells of the competing teams of observers, racing to publish their results, the theorists trying to build or update their models to explain them, and the subsequent large-scale survey efforts that continue to the present day. This is a well-documented account of the birth of a major pillar of modern cosmology, and a useful case study of the trials surrounding how this scientific discovery became accepted.
Relationship of hospital volume on outcomes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: Analysis of a 70,000 patient database.

Positive relationships between volume and outcome have been seen in several surgical and medical conditions, resulting in more centralized and specialized care structures. Currently, there is a sca...
Age and sex are associated with the plasma lipidome: findings from the GOLDN study.

Developing an understanding of the biochemistry of aging in both sexes is critical for managing disease throughout the lifespan. Lipidomic associations with age and sex have been reported, but prior studies are limited by measurements in serum rather than plasma or by participants taking lipid-lowering medications. Our study included lipidomic data from 980 participants aged 18–87 years old from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN). Participants were off lipid-lowering medications for at least 4 weeks, and signal intensities of 413 known lipid species were measured in plasma. We examined linear age and sex associations with signal intensity of (a) 413 lipid species; (b) 6 lipid classes (glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines); and (c) 15 lipid subclasses; as well as with the particle sizes of three lipoproteins. Significant age associations were identified in 4 classes, 11 subclasses, 147 species, and particle size of one lipoprotein while significant sex differences were identified in 5 classes, 12 subclasses, 248 species, and particle sizes of two lipoproteins. For many lipid species (n = 97), age-related associations were significantly different between males and females. Age*sex interaction effects were most prevalent among phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and triglycerides. We identified several lipid species, subclasses, and classes that differ by age and sex; these lipid phenotypes may serve as useful biomarkers for lipid changes and associated cardiovascular risk with aging in the future. Future studies of age-related changes throughout the adult lifespan of both sexes are warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00083369 ; May 21, 2004.
Late Night with Trump: Political Humor and the American Presidency

Late night television comedy shows remain successful, despite rapidly evolving changes in media platforms. These shows serve the important functions of education about politics and stress relief fr...
Mechanochemical synthesis and structural analysis of trivalent lanthanide and uranium diphenylphosphinodiboranates.

Phosphinodiboranates (H3BPR2BH3−) are a class of borohydrides that have merited a reputation as weakly coordinating anions, which is attributed in part to the dearth of coordination complexes known with transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides. We recently reported how K(H3BPtBu2BH3) exhibits sluggish salt elimination reactivity with f-metal halides in organic solvents such as Et2O and THF. Here we report how this reactivity appears to be further attenuated in solution when the tBu groups attached to phosphorus are exchanged for R = Ph or H, and we describe how mechanochemistry was used to overcome limited solution reactivity with K(H3BPPh2BH3). Grinding three equivalents of K(H3BPPh2BH3) with UI3(THF)4 or LnI3 (Ln = Ce, Pr, Nd) allowed homoleptic complexes with the empirical formulas U(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (1), Ce(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (2), Pr(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (3), and Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3 (4) to be prepared and subsequently crystallized in good yields (50–80%). Single-crystal XRD studies revealed that all four complexes exist as dimers or coordination polymers in the solid-state, whereas 1H and 11B NMR spectra showed that they exist as a mixture of monomers and dimers in solution. Treating 4 with THF breaks up the dimer to yield the monomeric complex Nd(H3BPPh2BH3)3(THF)3 (4-THF). XRD studies revealed that 4-THF has one chelating and two dangling H3BPPh2BH3− ligands bound to the metal to accommodate binding of THF. In contrast to the results with K(H3BPPh2BH3), attempting the same mechanochemical reactions with Na(H3BPH2BH3) containing the simplest phosphinodiboranate were unsuccessful; only the partial metathesis product U(H3BPH2BH3)I2(THF)3 (5) was isolated in poor yields. Despite these limitations, our results offer new examples showing how mechanochemistry can be used to rapidly synthesize molecular coordination complexes that are otherwise difficult to prepare using more traditional solution methods.
Evaluation and Management of Impacted Teeth in the Adolescent Patient

The most common oral and maxillofacial surgical procedure in adolescents is excision of impacted third molars. Adolescent patients should be evaluated for third molars starting around age 16 years unless symptomatic at an earlier age. The dental examination should include panorex imaging to assess development, pathologic condition, and possibility of eruption versus impaction. Various classification systems are available to identify the position and difficulty of the proposed surgical procedure. Retained impacted teeth increase the patient's risk of various morbidities including recurrent infection, damage to adjacent teeth, cysts and other lesions, and unexplained pain.
Comparing Early Transcriptomic Responses of 18 Soybean (Glycine max) Genotypes to Iron Stress

Iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) is an abiotic stress that negatively affects soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Much of our knowledge of IDC stress responses is derived from model plant species. Gene expression, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) performed in soybean suggest that stress response differences exist between model and crop species. Our current understanding of the molecular response to IDC in soybeans is largely derived from gene expression studies using near-isogenic lines differing in iron efficiency. To improve iron efficiency in soybeans and other crops, we need to expand gene expression studies to include the diversity present in germplasm collections. Therefore, we collected 216 purified RNA samples (18 genotypes, two tissue types [leaves and roots], two iron treatments [sufficient and deficient], three replicates) and used RNA sequencing to examine the expression differences of 18 diverse soybean genotypes in response to iron deficiency. We found a rapid response to iron deficiency across genotypes, most responding within 60 min of stress. There was little evidence of an overlap of specific differentially expressed genes, and comparisons of gene ontology terms and transcription factor families suggest the utilization of different pathways in the stress response. These initial findings suggest an untapped genetic potential within the soybean germplasm collection that could be used for the continued improvement of iron efficiency in soybean.
Systematische Untersuchung von Fuß und Sprunggelenk

Nur durch eine systematische Gesamtuntersuchung beider Fuse kann eine effiziente Untersuchung ohne bedenkliche Unterlassungen garantiert werden. Dieser standardisierte erste Uberblick kann pradisponierende Storungen offenlegen, die anatomisch fur den Patienten nicht offensichtlich in direkter Verbindung zu seinen Schmerzen stehen. Erst nach dieser essentiellen Erstuntersuchung sollte sich die weitere Beurteilung direkt auf die Beschwerden des Patienten richten. Konnen gelaufige Symptomenkomplexe in der Anamnese erkannt werden, hilft dies, die Untersuchungen zu fokusieren und so eine schnelle, sichere Diagnose zu gewahrleisten.
A nationwide assessment of threats to bonefish, tarpon, and permit stocks and habitat in Belize

Although Belize has developed an international reputation as being a leader in environmental conservation given that approximately 26 % of its terrestrial and marine territories are designated as protected areas, there remains persistent threats to the country’s bonefish (Albula vulpes), tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), permit (Trachinotus falcatus), and associated habitats. While some of these threats resemble those found in other regions and countries such as pollution or overfishing, Belize’s fisheries also face unique threats because of its proximity to Guatemala and the rapid pace of development along the Belize coast. However, fishing guides and lodge owners have been instrumental in pursuing policies that protect and sustainably manage bonefish, tarpon, and permit stocks. This paper provides a nationwide assessment of some of the major threats facing bonefish, tarpon, permit and associated habitat in Belize, as well as some of the responses to counter these threats.
CHILDREN OF DIVORCE

One (or more) out of three marriages in the United States ends in divorce, involving numerous children. The result of a broken home by divorce may be similar to the death of the parent, affecting the emotional growth and development of children. Attention is focused here on the confusion in the parents and children, their projection and compensation for guilt feelings, retaliation by the use of the children, feelings of helplessness and magic in the children, their wishes to reunite the parents, the effects of relocation, and the influence of internal realignments on external realities. The initial emotional response is that of separation anxiety; following divorce finalization, there is a mourning reaction. The manifestation of these responses vary according to the child9s age, sex, level of psychosexual development, previous history, and current arrangements. Some understanding and definite guidelines to visitation rights, parental dating, and remarriage are considered. If in spite of their own emotional upheaval the parents are alert to the child9s anxiety or depression, they may be able to institute prophylactic measures. This requires parental cooperation which may be quite difficult. Here the advice and explanations of an informed and perceptive pediatrician may be of unique value.
Surface and impurity studies in ORMAK and ISX

The ORMAK vacuum liner is constructed of stainless steel, overcoated with a thin platinum diffusion barrier and a final layer of gold. Gold was selected as the vacuum surface because it is chemically inert to the adsorption of common gases. However, gold surfaces do adsorb hydrocarbons, and carbon (along with oxygen) was the principal plasma contaminant during the first two years of ORMAK operation. Upon switching discharge cleaning gases from hydrogen to oxygen, carbon levels dropped until carbon is no longer a significant contaminant. Residual hydrocarbons can now be controlled by either hydrogen or oxygen discharge cleaning. The principal measured plasma contaminant in ORMAK is now oxygen. Samples taken from the ORMAK liner and analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy reveal the presence of iron and oxygen. There is evidence from a SXAPS (Soft X-ray Appearance Potential Spectroscopy) probe of iron and chromium diffusion from the stainless steel through the gold surface in spite of the platinum diffusion barrier. The Fe and Cr provide surface oxidation sites, and SXAPS analysis shows that these metals exist as oxides. In order to investigate tokamak impurity problems further, the ISX (Impurity Study Experiment) tokamak is presently under construction. It will provide a cleaner and more flexible vacuum system in which to conduct studies of surfaces and plasma impurities. The operating characteristics will be much the same as those of ORMAK (with ohmic heating) in terms of size, plasma current, and plasma temperature.