cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aeromonas Aminopeptidase: IMPROVED ISOLATION AND SOME PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

The extracellular aminopeptidase of Aeromonas proteolytica was purified to homogeneity by a simplified procedure that proved feasible for the isolation of gram quantities of this enzyme. Precipitation with ammonium sulfate and acetone, heating at 70°, and chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-Sephadex yielded a product that showed a high degree of purity by polyacrylamide and free boundary electrophoresis over a wide range of pH values, and by immunoelectrophoresis, ultracentrifugation, chromatography, and assay for endopeptidase. Yields as high as 70%, representing 170-fold purification, were obtained by the isolation procedure. The enzyme was isoelectric near pH 3.0, a value that reflected the high ratio of acidic to basic residues found by amino acid analysis. Sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity measurements yielded molecular weight values of 28,480 and 29,500, respectively, and experiments on the stoichiometry of zinc to apoenzyme suggested that the aminopeptidase binds 2 g atoms of zinc per mole.
Frequency-offset invariant equaliser for broadband wireless networks

An equaliser algorithm has been developed for use with a differential detector operating in a time dispersive channel. Although differential detection allows the stringent requirements on frequency accuracy generally imposed on coherent receivers to be relaxed, its performance is more severely degraded by intersymbol interference. The algorithm, described in this paper, provides reliable performance even after differential detection. Results for the differential equaliser operating in a typical indoor wireless channel are presented and are shown to be comparable to those of a coherent receiver, using decision feedback equalisation.
Spreading‐Activation Networks

Spreading-activation networks are networks of ‘active’ nodes that compute by propagating activation levels along links. Such network models are inspired by the idea that meaning can be expressed via associations between concepts. They have been used to model cognitive phenomena ranging from low-level vision to common-sense reasoning and language understanding. Keywords: spreading activation; connectionist networks; semantic networks; dynamic bindings; reasoning; inference
Late Modernism: British Literature at Midcentury

This essay examines the relatively new field of late modernist studies. It gives an overview of the development of late modernism as a literary historical category during the debates over postmodernism in the late 1980s and early 1990s. From there, the essay surveys recent efforts in modernist studies to conceptualize and historicize late modernism with greater precision. Attention then shifts to a range of modernist activity in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s. Each of these sections serves a double function: first, they offer close readings of late modernist texts that detail how modernism endured and transformed in relation to historical pressures; second, they plot these readings alongside recent critical work that is reshaping how we understand the political and aesthetic dimensions of late modernist writing. The conclusion addresses the promises and risks of the study of late modernism.
Abstract 40: Increased Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in the Gastrocnemius of Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease is a Localized Response in the Ischemic Muscle

Introduction: Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) develop a myopathy in their ischemic lower extremities, which is characterized by myofiber degeneration and myofibrosis. We previously showed that increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), which stimulates collagen deposition, is associated with increased fibrosis in PAD gastrocnemius. Expression was localized to the microvasculature, suggesting that elevated TGF-β1 may be a systemic condition rather than a local response in PAD patients. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that increased expression of TGF-β1 in PAD gastrocnemius is a localized response in the ischemic muscle, which contributes to the myofibrosis of PAD. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the gastrocnemius of the diseased and contralateral legs of patients with unilateral PAD. Methods: Gastrocnemius biopsies were collected from both limbs of PAD patients with unilateral disease (n=10). Muscle homogenates were analyzed by qPCR for TGF-β1 transcripts expressed as fold change in relation to myosin heavy chain. TGF-β1 in paraffin-embedded gastrocnemius sections was labeled for fluorescence analysis and expression measured as grey scale units (gsu) by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. Sections were stained by Masson Trichrome and collagen density was measured by spectral analysis. Results: TGF-β1 transcripts were increased in the diseased compared to contralateral muscle (mean +/- s.e.; 4.65 +/- 0.95 vs. 0.61 +/- 0.15; p = 0.007) as was TGF-β1 protein expression (919 +/- 169 gsu vs. 593 gsu +/- 115; p = 0.013). Increased TGF-β1 expression was accompanied by increased collagen deposition in the diseased versus contralateral muscle (2162 gsu +/- 99 vs. 1739 gsu +/- 73; p = 0.007). Conclusions: TGF-β1 expression in PAD gastrocnemius does not represent a systemic condition that may interact with local ischemic events and thereby contribute to PAD myopathy. Instead, it is an integral and localized response in ischemic muscle, which stimulates fibrosis in the diseased muscle. Consequently, successful intervention in the fibrotic response of PAD muscle may be dependent on addressing tissue hypoxia or metabolic shifts associated with ischemia.
Parameterization of Convective Effects on the Momentum and Vorticity Budgets of Synoptic-Scale Atlantic Tropical Waves

Abstract Dynamic budgets of an average synoptic-scale wave have been made by Stevens (1979) from GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment Phase III B- and A/B-scale data composited by Thompson et al. (1979). In the present study the apparent sources of momentum and vorticity, computed from the large-scale budgets, are compared with parameterized sources from independently derived cumulus mass fluxes and one-dimensional steady-state cloud models. The cloud models include spectral and bulk, as well as single-cloud models. The cumulus mass fluxes are determined from a thermodynamic budget analysis of Johnson (1 978). A simple single-cloud model is found to adequately account for the net effect of the cumulus transport and production of vorticity. The one-dimensional cloud models, however, do not account for the apparent momentum source in the upper troposphere. An evaluation is made of the sensitivity of the results to the assumed cloud-base vorticity and radiative heating rate. The limitations of the simple cloud ...
Accurate Prediction of Axial Piston Machine’s Performance Through a Thermo-Elasto-Hydrodynamic Simulation Model

A new coupled multi-domain computer simulation model able of predicting axial piston hydraulic pump or motor performance is presented in this paper. The model is composed of different modules, each addressing different problems associated with the machine’s operation. A lumped parameter module calculates the instantaneous displacement chamber pressure. The second and major part of the model is dedicated to the lubrication of the three main pump sliding interfaces and considers the impact of elasto-hydrodynamic, thermal, and micro-motion effects on fluid film thickness. The final sub-model calculates the steady state temperature of the fluid in the pump housing and outlet port. Simulation results are compared to measurements taken of a commercially manufactured pump.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Fluoride inhibition of skeleton formation in the sea urchin

Abstract 1. 1. The formation of the skeleton of plutei of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus and Arbacia punctulata was inhibited by a solution of from 1.5 × 10−2 M to 2 × 10−3 M sodium fluoride in sea water. 2. 2. This inhibition was reversed by the addition of fresh sea water but not by the addition of an isotonic NaCl solution or by the addition of magnesium, calcium or phosphate ions. 3. 3. The inhibition of calcification was pH sensitive, the range for inhibition being about pH 7.2 to 8.7. 4. 4. Chelating agents (alanine, glycine, acetylacetone, oxylate and citrate) with known affinities for calcium and magnesium, were tested with negative results, except for near toxic levels of citrate. 5. 5. Inhibitors of the glycolytic cycle (monoiodoacetate, dinitrocresol, chloropicrin and iodoacetamide) were tested and none inhibited skeleton formation. 6. 6. Beryllium was found to have no effect on this system, although it is known to inhibit calcification. 7. 7. A possible mode of action of fluoride is through the formation of a magnesium-fluorophosphate complex, cutting off the source of inorganic phosphate necessary for calcification.
Association of 11C-methionine PET uptake with site of failure after concurrent temozolomide and radiation for primary glioblastoma multiforme.

Purpose: To determine whether increased uptake on 11C-methionine-PET (MET-PET) imaging obtained before radiation therapy and temozolomide is associated with the site of subsequent failure in newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods: Patients with primary GBM were treated on a prospective trial with dose- escalated radiation and concurrent temozolomide. As part of the study, MET-PET was obtained before treatment but was not used for target volume definition. Using automated image registration, we assessed whether the area of increased MET-PET activity (PET gross target volume [GTV]) was fully encompassed within the high-dose region and compared the patterns of failure for those with and without adequate high-dose coverage of the PET-GTV. Results: Twenty-six patients were evaluated with a median follow-up of 15 months. Nineteen of 26 had appreciable (>1 cm{sup 3}) volumes of increased MET-PET activity before treatment. Five of 19 patients had PET-GTV that was not fully encompassed within the high-dose region, and all five patients had noncentral failures. Among the 14 patients with adequately covered PET-GTV, only two had noncentral treatment failures. Three of 14 patients had no evidence of recurrence more than 1 year after radiation therapy. Inadequate PET-GTV coverage was associated with increased risk of noncentral failures. (p <more » 0.01). Conclusion: Pretreatment MET-PET appears to identify areas at highest risk for recurrence for patients with GBM. It would be reasonable to test a strategy of incorporating MET-PET into radiation treatment planning, particularly for identifying areas for conformal boost.« less
Characterization of refractory period extension by transcardiac shock.

BACKGROUND To better understand the refractory period extension (RPE) produced by transcardiac shocks and its possible role in defibrillation, we measured RPE under various experimental conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Using ventricular pacing in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs, we characterized RPE in relation to the anatomic site of pacing, the local voltage gradient (LVG) produced by the shocks at the pacing site, and the pacing rate and pacing current used to make the measurements. We also determined if RPE persisted into the next refractory period after the shock and measured RPE at the end of 30-second episodes of acute ischemia to the pacing site, which were caused by occluding the left anterior descending artery. Each anatomic site tested showed RPE, which increased sharply with increasing LVG at lower levels but less sharply at higher LVG. The RPE versus LVG was approximated with an exponential curve that had an exponential constant of about 5-6 V/cm. At faster pacing rates, RPE occurred earlier in the refractory period but was unchanged when expressed as a percent increase of refractory period. RPE did not vary with the pacing current and was present only in the refractory period during which the shock was delivered. The RPE was not significantly altered by acute ischemia. These results show that transcardiac shocks selectively extend the refractory period of tissue proportional to the LVG and the timing of the shock in the refractory period. They are consistent with the concept that RPE prevents depolarization from tissue directly excited by a shock from propagating to tissue that was refractory to that same shock. CONCLUSIONS The insensitivity of RPE to short ischemic episodes and the presence of RPE at increased activation rates suggest that RPE might exist under conditions of fibrillation and be a major determinant of the success or failure of defibrillation.
Dicyclobuta[de,ij]naphthalene and dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalene: a theoretical study.

The structures, energetics, and aromatic character of dicyclobuta[de,ij]naphthalene, 1, dicyclopenta[cd,gh]pentalene, 2, dihydrodicyclobuta[de,ij]naphthalene, 3, and dihydrocyclopenta[cd,gh]pentale...
LDL receptor-related protein 1 regulates the abundance of diverse cell-signaling proteins in the plasma membrane proteome.

LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is an endocytic receptor, reported to regulate the abundance of other receptors in the plasma membrane, including uPAR and tissue factor. The goal of this study was to identify novel plasma membrane proteins, involved in cell-signaling, which are regulated by LRP1. Membrane protein ectodomains were prepared from RAW 264.7 cells in which LRP1 was silenced and control cells using protease K. Peptides were identified by LC-MS/MS. By analysis of spectral counts, 31 transmembrane and secreted proteins were regulated in abundance at least 2-fold when LRP1 was silenced. Validation studies confirmed that semaphorin4D (Sema4D), plexin domain-containing protein-1 (Plxdc1), and neuropilin-1 were more abundant in the membranes of LRP1 gene-silenced cells. Regulation of Plxdc1 by LRP1 was confirmed in CHO cells, as a second model system. Plxdc1 co-immunoprecipitated with LRP1 from extracts of RAW 264.7 cells and mouse liver. Although Sema4D did not co-immunoprecipitate with LRP1, the cell-surface level of Sema4D was increased by RAP, which binds to LRP1 and inhibits binding of other ligands. These studies identify Plxdc1, Sema4D, and neuropilin-1 as novel LRP1-regulated cell-signaling proteins. Overall, LRP1 emerges as a generalized regulator of the plasma membrane proteome.
Analyzing the effect of displacement rate on radiation-induced segregation in 304 and 316 stainless steels by examining irradiated EBR-II components and samples irradiated with protons

Recent studies have indicated that, at temperatures relevant to fast reactors and light water reactors, void swelling in austenitic alloys progresses more rapidly when the radiation dose rate is lower. A similar dependency between radiation-induced segregation (RIS) and dose rate is theoretically predicted for pure materials and might also be true in complex engineering alloys. Radiation-induced segregation was measured on 304 and 316 stainless steel, irradiated in the EBR-II reactor at temperatures near 375 °C, to determine if the segregation is a strong function of damage rate. The data taken from samples irradiated in EBR-II is also compared to RIS data generated using proton radiation. Although the operational histories of the reactor irradiated samples are complex, making definitive conclusions difficult, the preponderance of the evidence indicates that radiation-induced segregation in 304 and 316 stainless steels is greater at lower displacement rate.
The use of hibernation induction triggers for cardiac transplant preservation

Cardiac transplant is hindered by donor shortage and preservation time. Extended extracorporeal preservation could increase the number and distribution of hearts for transplantation. Interestingly, mammalian hibernation biology closely parallels the altered cardiac cellular physiology noted with hypothermic organ storage. The present study undertook to test whether treatment with hibernation induction triggers could improve myocardial functional recovery following prolonged ischemic storage in a nonhibernating mammalian model. To study this hypothesis, isolated rabbit hearts had baseline functional and metabolic parameters recorded and then received either hypothermic storage only or standard cardioplegia, or cardioplegia containing 1 mg/kg D-Ala2-Leu5-enkaphalin (DADLE), which mimics natural hibernation, or preperfusion with DADLE, administered for 15 min at 2 mmol, 25 min prior to cardioplegic ischemia. Hearts were then subjected to 18 hr of global ischemic storage at 4 degrees C. Isovolumic developed pressure, coronary flows, and myocardial oxygen consumption were significantly improved with DADLE pretreatment vs. all groups after storage and reflow. Furthermore, DADLE hearts demonstrated better histological ultrastructure preservation following prolonged storage ischemia. This study demonstrates that hibernation protection with DADLE is beneficial for prolonged cardiac storage. The use of hibernation induction triggers is promising for organ preservation and deserve further mechanistic study.
Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments

Abstract The geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) storage resource size is a function of the density of CO2 in the subsurface. The pressure and temperature of the storage reservoir at depth affect the CO2 density. Therefore, knowing these subsurface conditions allows for improved resource estimates of potential geologic CO2 storage capacity. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of geologic CO2 storage resources for large sedimentary basins in onshore and State waters areas of the U.S. Evaluating the subsurface conditions and CO2 density in these basins was integral to the assessment. To better understand these conditions, investigations of pressure and temperature gradients, typically derived from borehole data and analog studies, were assembled at the basin scale. Based on the USGS assessment results and findings here, changes in subsurface pressure and temperature may yield density changes up to 40 percent, which may translate into significant changes in storage resource estimates.
Inflammatory fluid, plasma, and serum growth factor activity for early passage rabbit fibroblasts. The effect of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia in polyvinyl sponge implanted rabbits.

Polyvinyl sponge implants have been used in the rabbit to produce an inflammatory proliferative response in the subcutaneous areolar tissue of the back. In addition, the sponges have served as a source of interstitial inflammatory fluid for use in cell culture to measure fibroblast growth factors. Serum and plasma can also be obtained from sponge implanted rabbits allowing for simultaneous assay of growth factor activity in serum, plasma, and inflammatory fluid. Connective tissue DNA synthesis stimulation can be measured using 3HTdR† incorporation and autoradiography of capsular connective tissue fragments.Compositional differences between serum and inflammatory fluid include a lower glucose, protein, calcium, and cholesterol level, and a higher chloride level in fluid than in serum. Fibroblast growth-promoting activity in serum, plasma, and inflammatory fluid was assayed against early passage fibroblasts. Fibroblast proliferation was most rapid in cultures during the first four days, and 15 to 20 percent...
Antisense mapping KOR-1: evidence for multiple kappa analgesic mechanisms

Abstract In binding assays, both dynorphin B and α-neoendorphin are relatively selective for the kappa1b site, unlike U50,488H which has high affinity for both kappa1a and kappa1b sites. In vivo, U50,488H, dynorphin B and α-neoendorphin analgesia are reversed by the kappa1-selective antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (norBNI). Antisense mapping the three exons of KOR-1 revealed that probes targeting all three exons blocked U50,488H analgesia, as expected. However, the selectivity profile of dynorphin B and α-neoendorphin analgesia towards the various antisense oligodeoxynucleotides differed markedly from U50,488H, implying a different receptor mechanism of action.
The impact of genetic polymorphisms, diltiazem, and demographic variables on everolimus trough concentrations in lung transplant recipients

Abstract Everolimus (EVR) has inter-individual pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and a narrow therapeutic index. The study objective was to determine whether genetic polymorphisms, co-medications, and/or demographic variables accounted for inter-individual variability in EVR PK in lung transplant recipients (LTxR). LTxR were genotyped for ABCB1 c.1236C>T, ABCB1 c.2677G>T/A, ABCB1 c.3435C>T, CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3, CYP2C8*2/*3/*4, and pregnane X receptor (NR1I2) c.44477T>C, c.63396C>T, c.69789A>G polymorphisms. The primary outcome was the difference in dose-adjusted EVR levels (EVR L/D) between ABCB1 diplotype groups (2 vs. 1 vs. 0 copies of the 1236C/2677G/3435C haplotype). Sixty-five LTxR were included. There was no significant difference in EVR L/D between ABCB1 CGC diplotype groups (CGC/CGC = 2.4 ± 1.1 [n = 9] vs. CGC/XXX = 2.5 ± 1.7 [n = 36] vs. XXX/XXX = 2.7 ± 1.7 ng/mL per mg/d [n = 20]; p = 0.9). CYP3A5*3, CYP3A4*1B, CYP2C8*3/*4, and NR1I2 polymorphisms were not associated with EVR L/D. EVR L/D was 3.4 ± 1.7 in LTxR receiving diltiazem (DILT) vs. 1.8 ± 1.1 ng/mL per mg/d in LTxR not receiving DILT (p <0.001). Demographic variables, including cystic fibrosis, were not associated with EVR PK. DILT use increased EVR L/D, but selected polymorphisms in ABCB1, CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and NR1I2 did not affect EVR L/D in LTxR. Genotyping LTxR for these polymorphisms is unlikely to aid clinicians in optimizing EVR therapy.
Exploring competency development: it’s the helping part

Restorative justice is an operating philosophy that, while used in other countries for many years, began being implemented in the United States in the early and mid 1990s. This paper takes a look at one part of the restorative justice philosophy, attempts to instill conceptual clarity, and examines one state’s process of implementing competency development programs and the effects that state has seen. In addition, five domains of competency development are explored as well as practical means of attaining the goals of each domain. The paper concludes with specific ways of measuring the outcomes of competency development, along with the progress that one commonwealth’s juvenile justice system has made.
Limits of Abelian Subgroups of Finitep-Groups

Abelian subgroups play a key role in the theory and applications of finite p-groups. Our purpose is to establish some very general results motivated by special results that have been of use. In particular, it is w x known KJ that if a finite p-group, for odd p, has an elementary abelian subgroup of order p, n F 5, then it has a normal elementary abelian subgroup of the same order. Our first main result is a general one of this type.
Programmables in production and distribution

Programmable calculators are now used even in companies where there is access to either a bureau or an in‐house computer. This article explains why this should be — savings in time, money, and greater accuracy, as well as relieving the staff of many repetitive jobs. Examples of specific areas where the programmable computer has been of value are: better use of storage space, better production forecasting, distribution performance and look‐up tables.
Acute eosinophilic myocarditis: Diagnosis and treatment

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder of unregulated eosinophilia, which if untreated, may lead to systemic tissue infiltration and inflammation. Cardiac involvement is a common and serious associated complication. We describe a case of HES associated myocarditis mimicking a non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). Unlike myocarditis in general, our patient responded well to high dose methylprednisone, the standard of care in HES. We review the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, pathology and treatment of eosinophilic myocarditis related to HES.
The Use of Botulinum A Toxin to Ameliorate Facial Kinetic Frown Lines

Purpose: External photography and subjective response were used to evaluate the use of botulinum A toxin to diminish glabellar kinetic folds. Methods: Eleven patients with glabellar folds and midline forehead wrinkling received one to four injections of 0.1 ml of 100 U/1 ml botulinum A toxin. The injections were given into the procerus or corrugator muscles or both. The number of injections corresponded to the wrinkle lines in each patient. The patients were examined and photographed just before the injections and at 7 to 10 days after the injections. Treatment efficacy was judged by photographic evaluation and by the patient's subjective evaluation of the effect of the treatment. Results: Photographic evaluation showed objective improvement in the glabellar wrinkling in 6 of 11 patients in relaxed facial position and in all 11 patients during contraction of the periocular muscles. Ten of the 11 patients reported satisfaction with their cosmetic results and indicated that they would choose to have the procedure done again. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that botulinum A toxin is a safe and effective treatment for glabellar folds.
Single-Image Vignetting Correction

In this paper, we propose a method for robustly determining the vignetting function given only a single image. Our method is designed to handle both textured and untextured regions in order to maximize the use of available information. To extract vignetting information from an image, we present adaptations of segmentation techniques that locate image regions with reliable data for vignetting estimation. Within each image region, our method capitalizes on the frequency characteristics and physical properties of vignetting to distinguish it from other sources of intensity variation. Rejection of outlier pixels is applied to improve the robustness of vignetting estimation. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique on a broad range of images with both simulated and natural vignetting effects. Causes of failures using the proposed algorithm are also analyzed.
The effect of chronic poisoning with carbon tetrachloride on voluntary consumption of ethanol by mice.

Mice were chronically poisoned with carbon tetrachloride injected twice weekly, intraperftoneally, in doses of 0.05-0.80 mg/g over 10 to 16 weeks. The poisoned animals, as compared to vehicle-injected controls, showed marginally significant increases in voluntary consumption of ethanol in a three-bottle choice (water, 10% and 20% ethanol continuously available), but not to a degree that could be considered alcoholic. The average daily intakes of ethanol remained within the range of variation for normal animals of this strain; there was no consistent shift in preference from 10% to 20% ethanol, and the distribution of drinking times within the 24-hour cycle remained normal. The relevance of these findings to the clinical problem of alcoholism is that the appetite for alcohol, a potential hepatotoxin, persists despite serious damage to the liver.
Economic Involvements of Militaries

Middle East militaries can be arrayed along a continuum from more to less involvement in national economies, albeit with a few outliers. At the maximum engagement end are Egypt and Iran. In both countries, as in Pakistan, one can reasonably refer to the existence of a “Military, Inc.” The Egyptian Ministry of Defense and its subordinate Ministry of Military Production preside over a sprawling economic empire that directly owns companies active in the industrial, agricultural, construction, telecommunications, and service sectors. The Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps presides over a similar economic empire that has particularly strong positions in the oil field service, construction, port operation, and media and telecommunications sectors. Both countries also have what might be described as parallel “officer economies.” These have come into existence as a result of officers, many of them retired, capitalizing on their regime connections by gaining ownership of privatized state-owned enterprises or by forming companies that thrive on state contracts. These two military economies are subject neither to the effective oversight of legislative or nonmilitary executive authority nor to the scrutiny of civil society, including the media. Both provide essential patronage resources to ensure the loyalty of their officer corps. And in both countries, military preparedness and overall capacities suffer as a result of preoccupation with the management of and benefits from military economies.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome After Hand Surgery

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) after an emergent or elective upper extremity surgery may complicate recovery, delay return to work, diminish health-related quality of life, and increase the likelihood of poor outcomes and/or litigation. CRPS after hand surgery is not uncommon and may complicate postoperative care. Early diagnosis and treatment of CRPS is critical for optimal patient outcomes. This article discusses the diagnosis, physiology, and management of postsurgical CRPS that occurs after hand surgery.
Correlating Simulation and Experimental Data of Traction and Cell Speed as Functions of Substrate Stiffness

The mechanical interactions between cells and the extra cellular matrix (ECM) play important roles in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. The cells can probe the stiffness of the ECM and alter their own function accordingly. The objective of this study was to investigate the applicability of a mathematical model by comparing the simulation results generated by the model with published experimental results for the migration of fibroblast, smooth muscle, and glioma cells on substrates. Cell -- substrate traction was assumed to be a nonlinear function of the Young's modulus of the substrate. Simulation parameters were determined so that the tractions and cell speeds agreed with the experimental results. It was shown that the mathematical model could predict the fibroblast migration speed by increasing the Young's modulus of the cell with that of the substrate. Simulation results showed that the smooth muscle cell speed exhibited a biphasic relationship with respect to the substrate stiffness for two fibronectin concentrations, where the limit of elasticity sensing decreased as the fibronectin concentration increased. The numerical results also predicted that the glioma cell migration speed increased with the substrate stiffness. This mathematical model could be used to predict the experimental data for the migration of these different cell types, and is particularly suited for modeling the smooth muscle and glioma cells.
Movement of DBCP in laboratory soil columns and field soils to groundwater

The nematocide DBCP has been an effective chemical for the control of nematodes but, because of contamination of groundwaters and for health reasons, its use has been curtailed. To evaluate the tendency of DBCP to leach, adsorption and transport characteristics were examined on laboratory samples of a field soil through which the chemical was also leached. Adsorption of DBCP on Panoche clay loam was small, and displacement experiments in soil columns demonstrated that loading rate and flux of water were significant for the dissipation of the chemical by microbial degradation and/or volatilization. Dissipation rate constants were estimated by optimizing the fit to experimental BTCs of the convective-dispersion equation with linear adsorption and a first-order degradation rate. Although field measurements did not establish conclusively that leaching to groundwater would occur in a fine-textured soil, evidence was obtained that leaching below the root zone could occur in many soils.
An investigation into graphene exfoliation and potential graphene application in MEMS devices

The design of microelectromecanical systems (MEMS) and micro-opto-electromechanical systems (MOEMS) are often materials-limited with respect to the efficiency and capability of the material. Graphene, a one atom thick honeycomb lattice of carbon, is a highly desired material for MEMS applications. Relevant properties of graphene include the material's optical transparency, mechanical strength, energy efficiency, and electrical and thermal conductivity due to its electron mobility. Aforementioned properties make graphene a strong candidate to supplant existing transparent electrode technology and replace the conventionally used material, indium-tin oxide. In this paper we present preliminary results on work toward integration of graphene with MEMS structures. We are studying mechanical exfoliation of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) crystals by repeatedly applying and separating adhesive materials from the HOPG surface. The resulting graphene sheets are then transferred to silicon oxide substrate using the previously applied adhesive material. We explored different adhesive options, particularly the use of Kapton tape, to improve the yield of graphene isolation along with chemical cross-linking agents which operate on a mechanism of photoinsertion of disassociated nitrene groups. These perfluorophenyl nitrenes participate in C=C addition reactions with graphene monolayers creating a covalent binding between the substrate and graphene. We are focusing on maximizing the size of isolated graphene sheets and comparing to conventional exfoliation. Preliminary results allow isolation of few layer graphene (FLG) sheets (n<3) of approximately 10μm x 44μm. Photolithography could possibly be utilized to tailor designs for microshutter technology to be used in future deep space telescopes.
Multiparticle dynamics in an expanding universe.

Approximate equations of motion for multiparticle systems in an expanding Einstein-deSitter universe are derived from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations using the Einstein-Infeld-Hoffmann surface integral method. At the Newtonian level of approximation one finds that, in comoving coordinates, both the Newtonian gravitational and Coulomb interactions in these equations are multiplied by the inverse third power of the scale factor $R(t)$ appearing in the Einstein-deSitter field and they acquire a cosmic "drag" term. Nevertheless, both the period and luminosity size of bound two-body systems whose period is small compared to the Hubble time are found to be independent of $t$.
Comparison of behavior maintained by infusions of eight phenylethylamines in baboons.

Doses of eight phenylethylamines were substituted for cocaine on a drug-maintained behavior baseline in baboons. Intravenous infusions of drug were contingent upon completion of 160 lever presses (a 160-response fixed-ratio schedule; FR 160). A 3-h time-out period followed each infusion, permitting a maximum of 8 infusions per day. Fenfluramine was the only drug that did not maintain self-infusion performance at any dose tested. d-amphetamine was approximately 10 times more potent than phentermine, phenmetrazine or diethylpropion, and 20 to 30 times more potent than methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), clortermine or chlorphentermine, in maintaining self-infusion behavior. Some doses of d-amphetamine and phentermine produced a cyclic pattern of drug intake over days. Increasing selfinfused doses of all drugs produced a substantial suppression of concurrent food-maintained behavior. There was no clear relation between the potency of the phenylethylamines in maintaining self-infusion performance and the potency in suppressing food-maintained behavior which indicates that different mechanisms may underlie the two effects. Examination of chemical structures indicates that substitution on the phenyl ring may decrease the potency of phenylethylamines in maintaining self-infusion behavior.
Solubility characteristics of isolated amyloid fibrils

Abstract The electron microscopic identification of a distinct fibril as a component of amyloid and a physical method for its isolation in a relatively pure state provided the opportunity to define certain physical and chemical properties of these unusual fibrils. A study of the solubility of the fibrils isolated from an amyloid liver in 0.1 M Sorensen's glycinate mixtures at different pH levels demonstrated a point of minimal solubility at pH 4.5, 10–20% solubility between pH 2 and 4 increasing solubility in the alkaline pH range. Adjustment to pH 4.5 of a pH 9.5 solubilized extract precipitated fibrils which displayed typical amyloid green birefringence when viewed in the polarizing microscope. Nitrogen analyses indicated the proteinaceous character of both the original and reprecipitated fractions, and the titration curve demonstrated the predominance of acidic groups in the protein. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a pH 9.5 fibril extract demonstrated three components, which were retained after several resolubilization and precipitation procedures.
Sepharose-insolubilization of the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase core component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: Preparation and characterization

Abstract The dihydrolipoyl transacetylase core component of the bovine kidney and heart pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes were covalently attached through the lipoyl moiety to Sepharose by the thiol-crosslinking reagent, N, N′-p-phenylenedimaleimide. In one approach, the N, N′-p-phenylenedimaleimide was allowed to react with glutathione which was in turn linked by its N-terminal to Sepharose CL-6B. In addition, we found the N, N′-p-phenylenedimaleimide would react directly with Sepharose CL-6B (at undetermined sites) and could be used as the sole bridge in forming a stable linkage of the transacetylase core to Sepharose. With the latter approach the extent of multiple-linkage of the 60-subunit core could more easily be controlled. This should be a generally useful approach for linking proteins with reactive surface thiol residues. Insolubilization of the core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by these methods did not appear to significantly alter the binding of other protein components of the complex, but the catalytic activities of the complex requiring the lipoyl moiety were appreciably altered. Procedures for coupling the transacetylase core to various derivatives of phenylenedimaleimide-Sepharose and techniques described for studying the protein products should be useful in preparation of specialized matrices for both protein purification and the study of protein-protein interactions.
Social Influence and Intent to Leave: A Path-Analytic Process Model.

A path-analytic social influence process model of intent to leave was formulated using five social power variables, two leader behavior dimensions, group cohesiveness, and job satisfaction. It was tested in Design and Construction bureaus in a large midwestern state highway department. Three significant process relationships were found to occur in both bureaus: (1) social power affected leader behavior; (2) group cohesiveness affected job satisfaction; and (3) job satisfaction affected intent to leave. Two important non-significant findings also emerged in both bureaus: (1) leader behavior did not affect intent; and (2) group cohesiveness did not affect intent. In addition to these general findings there were a number of process differences between bureaus. Limitations and implications of this social influence process model are discussed.
Lung involvement in hypereosinophilic syndromes

Summary Background Hypereosinophilic syndromes (HES) are a heterogeneous group of conditions that are characterized by tissue-associated eosinophilic inflammation and peripheral eosinophilia. Although clinical and radiologic features associated with most forms of eosinophilic lung diseases are relatively well-described, there is little known regarding lung involvement in HES. The aims of the present study were to ascertain the frequency of pulmonary involvement in HES and define associated clinical and radiologic features. Methods We included all patients with HES seen over a 5-year period from 2004 to 2008 and examined their medical records and radiologic studies to obtain relevant data. Results There were 49 patients (25 males and 24 females) with a median age of 50 years (range, 12–88 years); 18 (37%) had a history of tobacco use. In 12 patients (24%), these pulmonary manifestations were attributable to parenchymal lung involvement with HES. Radiologic manifestations of pulmonary involvement varied but most commonly consisted of patchy ground-glass opacities and consolidation; one patient exhibited numerous pulmonary nodules. Thirteen patients (27%) had asthma including 6 with a new diagnosis of this disorder. Initial treatment usually consisted of corticosteroids but additional therapeutic agents were employed during the clinical course and included hydroxyurea, interferon-α, imatinib, and mepolizumab. Most patients with pulmonary involvement with HES improved and no deaths were observed. Conclusion One-quarter of HES patients manifested pulmonary involvement with variable radiologic findings. Asthma was more common in HES than previously reported. Most patients with pulmonary involvement in HES improve with currently available therapies.
Transient modulation of Schwann cell antigens after peripheral nerve transection and subsequent regeneration.

Schwann cells within the distal portion of a transected nerve undergo a series of poorly understood events in response to injury and loss of axonal contact. These events may influence the regeneration of PNS neurons. In this study we examined the alteration of antigens located in the basal lamina, plasma membrane and cytoplasm of Schwann cells within the distal nerve stump: (a) after a complete transection of the sciatic nerve, and (b) subsequent to reestablished contact between regenerating axons and dedifferentated Schwann cells separated from contact with neurons. Visualization of laminin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan molecules at various intervals after nerve transection always revealed intact basal lamina channels. In response to loss of axonal contact, vimentin expression by Schwann cells within the distal nerve stump increased, becoming a predominant intermediate filament protein of the cytoskeleton while glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) expression decreased. This reversal in the prominence of intermediate filament proteins was maintained until the onset of axonal reinnervation, at which point expression of GFAP increased and vimentin decreased. Expression of the Schwann cell plasma membrane associated protein, C4, closely mimicked GFAP expression during axon degeneration and subsequent reinnervation. In the normal uninjured nerve, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and S-100 were localized in the region near the Schwann cell-axon interface and the outer Schwann cell plasma membrane. In response to loss of axonal contact, the S-100 and tPA immunoreactivity associated with the Schwann cell-axon interface was lost while that localized around the outer Schwann cell plasma membrane remained unchanged. The results of this study demonstrate that Schwann cells modulate a portion of their antigenic repertoire in response to a loss of axonal contact and after contact with regenerating axons.
Task Scheduling of Parallel Development Projects Using Genetic Algorithms

Resources for development projects are often scarce in the real world. Generally, many projects are to be completed that rely on a common pool of resources. Besides resource constraints, there exists data dependency among tasks within each project. A genetic algorithm approach with one-point uniform crossover and a refresh operator is proposed to minimize the overall duration or makespan of multiple projects in a resource constrained multi project scheduling problem (RCMPSP) without violating inter-project resource constraints or intra-project precedence constraints. The proposed GA incorporates stochastic feedback or rework of tasks. It has the capability of capturing the local optimum for each generation and therefore ensuring a global best solution. The proposed Genetic Algorithm, with several variants of GA parameters is tested on sample scheduling problems with and without stochastic feedback. This algorithm demonstrates to provide a quick convergence to a global optimal solution and detect the most likely makespan range for parallel projects of tasks with stochastic feedback.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Renewable resources awards

The Renewable Natural Resources Foundation (RNRF) is accepting nominations for three awards that recognize outstanding achievements in the renewable resources fields: the Sustained Achievement Award, the Outstanding Achievement Award, and the Excellence in Journalism Award. The deadline for nominations for all three awards is 31 May 2013. For more information, see http://www.rnrf.org/awards.html.
An Interpersonal Perspective on the Personality Assessment Process

Many aspects of therapeutic approaches to the personality assessment process derived from or are consistent with Sullivan's interpersonal approach to clinical practice, but the link between such approaches and contemporary interpersonal theory remains underdeveloped. In this article, I argue that contemporary interpersonal theory provides a valuable framework within which to conceptualize the personality assessment process. Specifically, I argue that interpersonal models can parsimoniously represent client behavior and can facilitate discussions of assessment data with assessees. Further, I show that hypotheses on the therapeutic mechanisms of personality assessment can be reframed in contemporary interpersonal metatheory so that they can be compared and tested directly.
The cholesterol solubilizing capacity of lecithins in aqueous solutions of bile salt

Abstract These experiments tested the hypothesis that lecithins which had dissimilar fatty acid compositions would have differing abilities to solubilize cholesterol in an aqueous solution of bile salts. The ability of ten synthetic lecithins to solubilize cholesterol was determined in an assay system in which aqueous mixtures of 10 mM lecithin, 20 mM glycocholate, and cholesterol were irradiated with ultrasound, and then were equilibrated at 37°. The cholesterol solubilizing capacities of dilinoleoyl lecithin and of dioleoyl lecithin were higher than those of dipalmitoyl lecithin or of distearoyl lecithin. There were no differences, however, among lecithins which contained both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids except that 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl lecithin had a greater cholesterol solubilizing capacity than did 1-oleoyl, 2-palmitoyl lecithin. 10 mM of 1-palmitoyl lysolecithin could solubilize cholesterol, whereas mixtures of 1-oleoyl lysolecithin above 0.70 mM were turbid in buffered glycocholate. Because bile contains predominantly 1-saturated, 2-unsaturated acyl lecithins, these data are probably not relevant to the pathogenesis of human cholesterol gall stones.
Keeping Tabs on Kansas: Reflections on Regionally Based Field Study

(1996). Keeping Tabs on Kansas: Reflections on Regionally Based Field Study. Journal of Cultural Geography: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 5-16.
Strategies used by college students to persuade peers to drink

This study investigated strategies used by college students to persuade peers to consume an alcoholic beverage. Six strategies were identified: simple offer, statement of benefits, availability, minimization, appeal to group norms, and facilitation. The most common persuasive strategy was a simple offer (46.4%). Initial offers were more likely to be simple (71.2%) follow‐up offers were more likely to be complex (61.8%). Resistance to simple and complex offers was equally likely to be met with additional persuasion. Direct refusals prompted simple offers as follow‐strategies; excuses prompted minimizations. Implications for prevention programs are discussed; recommendations for future research are provided.