cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on cerebral blood flow

Abstract The experiments dealt with the effect of total cardiopulmonary bypass on global and regional cerebral blood flow. Global cerebral blood flow was determined with radioactive microspheres, regional cerebral flow by direct observation through transillumination and high-speed cinematography. The latter permitted observations of changes in caliber of cerebral arterioles and of red cell velocity. Arterial blood gas tension and pH were continuously monitored. Measurements were carried out prior to and immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass. Studies on global cerebral flows showed that during cardiopulmonary bypass cerebral blood flow rose and cerebral vascular resistance declined while blood pressure did not change significantly. During bypass, cerebral blood flow and blood pressure in animals treated as a group became interdependent and showed direct proportionality. Direct observations of the cortical microvasculature by means of high-speed cinematography revealed dilatation of cerebral cortical arterioles. Even though blood pressure remained unchanged, the diameter of cortical arterioles increased. Volume flow calculated from red cell velocity and arteriolar diameter showed a tendency of arteriolar flow to increase. The condition is reminiscent of the ‘luxury perfusion syndrome’ (overabundant cerebral flow relative to metabolic needs of cerebral tissue).
The dispersion patterns of acicular particles in viscous medium

A lattice model of ferrofluid with time dependent viscosity has been developed to simulate the dispersion patterns of interacting fine ferromagnetic particles during the manufacturing process of magnetic recording medium. Closure and chaining of the magnetic particles in uniform magnetic field have been obtained. The length of the chain is dependent on the packing factor. For magnetic particles possessing electric charge, the agglomeration of particles will reduce. The hysteresis corresponding to different patterns are calculated using quasi-dynamic vectorial model.
The relationship between vascularity, p53 gene mutations and distant metastatic disease in epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are associated with large differences (>7 vessels/HPF) in Microvessel density (MVD) counts between primary and metastatic tumor sites in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. These data are consistent with models demonstrating p53 mutation functions directly to influence angiogenesis. This information supports continued therapy and research involving angiogenesis inhibitors in patients with ovarian cancer, especially in the setting of increased differences in MVD between primary and metastatic sites.
Exploiting temperature-dependent substrate promiscuity for nucleoside analogue activation by thymidine kinase from Thermotoga maritima.

Enzymes from thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms are invaluable catalysts for organic synthesis and biotechnology due to their stability and function at elevated temperatures. While the temperature dependency of catalysis with normal substrates has been studied for several of these enzymes, little is known about the effects of temperature on substrate specificity. Here we report the characterization of a novel thymidine kinase from the hyperthermophilic Thermotoga maritima which shows high substrate specificity at the organism's native growth temperature (82 °C) but turns promiscuous at 37 °C. Our experiments link this temperature-dependent substrate promiscuity to conformational changes in the protein below 70 °C, shifting the enzyme's rate-determining step to a substrate-independent transition in the homotetramer structure.
Latent variable structural equation modeling with categorical data

Abstract Structural equation modeling with latent variables is overviewed for situations involving a mixture of dichotomous, ordered polytomous, and continuous indicators of latent variables. Special emphasis is placed on categorical variables. Models in psychometrics, econometrics and biometrics are interrelated via a general model due to Muthen. Limited information least squares estimators and full information estimation are discussed. An example is estimated with a model for a four-wave longitudinal data set, where dichotomous responses are related to each other and a set of independent variables via latent variables with a variance component structure.
Refractive optical systems for astronomical instruments using infrared arrays in the 0.8 to 2.5 micron bands

As modern infrared arrays evolve towards larger formats and smaller pixel sizes, their use in instruments requires optics of increasingly higher performance. Refractive systems are attractive for many applications because they can accommodate wide fields of view or fast focal ratios while permitting a compact, unobscured layout. We examine design considerations for lenses which can address the entire near-infrared spectral region of 0.8 to 2.5 µm. Achromatization over this broad range is a particular challenge. We discuss a systematic study of candidate materials and combinations of materials having useful chromatic properties, with particular emphasis on alkaline earth halides and metallic oxides. We present an example of a practical design being incorporated into an instrument currently under construction.
Localization and regulation of phospholipase D2 by ARF6.

Phospholipase D (PLD) and ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) have been implicated in vesicular trafficking and rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. We have explored the co-localization of rat PLD1b and rat PLD2 with wild type and mutant forms of ARF6 in HeLa cells and studied their activation by ARF6 and the role of the actin cytoskeleton. GFP-tagged PLD1 had a similar pattern to multivesicular and late endosomes and the trans-Golgi apparatus, but not to other organelles. When wild type or dominant negative ARF6 and PLD1 or PLD2 were co-expressed, they had a similar localization in cytosolic particles and at the cell periphery. In contrast, dominant active ARF6 caused cell shrinkage and had a similar localization with PLD1 and PLD2 in dense structures, containing the trans-Golgi apparatus and actin. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D did not induce the formation of these structures. To determine, if ARF6 selectively activated PLD1 or PLD2, wild type and mutant forms of the ARF isoform were transfected together with PLD1 or PLD2. Wild type ARF6 did not affect either PLD isozyme, but dominant active ARF6 selectively activated PLD2 and dominant negative ARF6 selectively inhibited PLD2. In contrast, dominant active ARF1 or Rac1 stimulated both PLD isozymes but the ARF1 effect on PLD2 was very small. Cytochalasin D did not affect the activation of PLD by phorbol ester. The localizations of PLD and ARF6 were also analyzed by fractionation after methyl-β-cyclodextrin extraction to deplete cholesterol. The results showed that all PLD isoforms and ARF6 mutants existed in the membrane fraction, but only wild type ARF6 was dependent on the presence of cholesterol. These experiments showed that wild type ARF6 had a similar location with PLD isoforms on cell staining, but it did not colocalize with PLD isoforms in fractionation experiments. It is proposed that activated ARF6 translocates to the cholesterol independent microdomain and then activates PLD2 there. It is further concluded that PLD2 is selectively activated by ARF6 in vivo and that disruption of the actin cytoskeleton does not affect this activation. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pure Chlorogenic Acid not Allergenic in Atopy to Green Coffee: a Specific Protein Probably is involved

RECENT articles1–5 have reported that chlorogenic acid (3-caffeoylquinic acid) is the principal allergen in green coffee, oranges, other fruits and vegetables, and castor beans. Figley and Rawlings6 and Coulson et al.7 have shown that apparent cross-reactions to green coffee and castor beans are due to traces of castor bean proteins present as a contaminant in commercial green coffee. Layton et al.8 have shown that primary allergy to castor beans involves neither chlorogenic acid nor any other natural constituent of the coffee bean. Recent reports by Freedman, Sehon et al.4,5 have reaffirmed their view of the allergenic nature of chlorogenic acid and of its involvement in atopic hypersensitivity to coffee, castor beans and oranges. Chlorogenic acid is a ubiquitous component of higher plants, and if it should prove to be an allergen then this becomes a matter of major concern to both medicine and agriculture.
Spontaneous resolution of severe childhood myelofibrosis

transfusion malaria in splenectomized than in nonsplenectomized patients. Of the seven patients who developed transfusion malaria, six had had splenectomy. A history of malaria before the 1952 eradication program in Sardinia was reported in 2.6% of blood donors. Attempts to identify donors responsible for transmission by careful examination of blood smears were negative. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.10) in the number of transfusions received from blood donors with a previous history of malaria between patients with and without overt malaria. DISCUSSION This study showed a higher incidence of Plasmodium malariae transfusion malaria in splenectomized than in nonsplenectomized patients with thalassemia major. This finding suggests that splenectomized subjects are more prone to develop overt P. malariae transfusion malaria than nonsplenectomized patients receiving the same lifelong transfusion treatment from the same pool of blood donors. Therefore, transfusion malaria should be included in the list of high-risk infections after splenectomy. The most interesting finding in this study was overt malaria occurring within 15 days of splenectomy in four cases out of seven. Transmission of malaria may have occurred before splenectomy but the disease remained latent with low parasitemia because of the protective role of the spleen, as in the experimental infection by Plasmodium inui in monkeys) According to this experimental
BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID CRYSTALS AND FLUIDS IN POROUS MEDIA

Abstract We describe light scattering measurements of the dynamic behavior of a binary mixture and a liquid crystal near their respective phase transitions. These measurements and others are compared with two theoretical approaches to the problem. In both systems, the porous medium causes glass-like behavior, in that broad spectrum of relaxation time appears. A qualitative explanation for the observations is yet to be found.
Pancreatic Alpha Amylase Hydrolysis Products of Modified and Unmodified Tapioca Starches

Three gelatinized tapioca starches [unmodified (A), hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (B) and hydroxypropyl starch (C)] were hydrolyzed by hog pancreatic α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1 α-1,4-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase). Oligosaccharide constituents of the hydrolyzates were separated by thinlayer chromatography and quantified by spectrodensitometry. Glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose were identified by cochromatography. Hydrolyzates from starches B and C had lesser amounts of the lower molecular weight oligosaccharides (G1—G4) than did those from starch A. The products of hydrolysis varied quantitatively with the degree of hydrolysis.
Information flow parameters for managing organizational processes

Developing a framework for enhancing the design of systems and improving management control of complex relationships.
Outcome data and analysis in pediatric neurosurgery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of five commonly performed pediatric neurosurgical operations: 1) initial shunt insertion; 2) first shunt revision; 3) craniotomy for brain tumor; 4) correction of sagittal synostosis; and 5) release of tethered cords. A second purpose was to analyze the neurological outcome data after tethered cord releases. METHODS: Morbidity and mortality records, patient charts, and operative records were reviewed to determine length of hospitalization and, for each disorder, the pertinent outcomes such as duration of shunt function and incidence of infection or neurological morbidity. RESULTS: Many outcome data were expected, such as a high long-term shunt function rate after primary shunt insertion (65 % at 5 yr), a low mortality rate (1 %) and permanent morbidity rate (10%) after craniotomy for brain tumor, and a low frequency of transfusion (20%) for sagittal synostosis operations. The outcomes among the three neurosurgeons varied more than expected, e.g., the duration of hospitalization after sagittal reconstructions ranged from 3.1 to 5.8 days; the frequency of infections of primary shunt revisions ranged from 0 to 15%; and the neurological morbidity after tethered cord releases ranged from 0 to 12%, with all neurological morbidity occurring in patients undergoing their second or third tether release. CONCLUSION: The data may serve as a basis for outcome comparisons for these procedures. Outcome data allow us to analyze factors to improve patient care, but outcome analysis is complex.
1979 Awards nomination

Nominations are solicited from members of the ASSP Society for the 1979 awards to be presented at the 1980 ICASSP in Denver, Colorado. The awards and their associated criteria follow. ASSP Society Award: To honor a person who has made outstanding technical contributions in a field within the scope of the Society and who has provided outstanding leadership in that field. Technical Achievement Award: To honor a person who, over a period of yeqrs, has made outstanding technical contributions within the scope of the Society as documented by publications or patents. Senior Award: To honor a person who is an author of a paper (published in the year ending June 1979) of exceptional technical scope, and appearing in the Society's TRANSACTIONS, irrespective of the author's age. ASSP Paper Award: To honor a person who is the author of an especially meritorious paper (ptwlished in the year ending June 1979) dealing with a subject related to the Society's technical scope appearing in the Society's TRANSACTIONS; and who upon data of submission of the paper shall be less than 30 years of age. Meritorious Service Award: To honor a person on the basis of significant contributions to the Society's efforts.
Internal Jugular Vein Hemangioma

Primary tumors of the major body veins arising intraluminally are rare clinical entities. As such, few cases have been reported in the literature. As a primary tumor, hemangiomas arising in the internal jugular vein are extremely rare, while those arising in the external jugular vein are only slightly more common. We present a case of an internal jugular vein hemangioma that was incidentally discovered during an ultrasound examination performed for the evaluation of the internal carotid arteries. We believe that this is the second case of internal jugular vein hemangioma reported in the English literature.
Construction process simulation with rule-based robot path planning

A rule-based simulation program is developed for application to building construction. From a specified task schedule, the program generates and simulates a motion path for each robot action, avoiding obstacles and incorporating interaction, safety and other considerations.
Glutathione levels in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of mice as a function of age

Glutathione is the most abundant thiol-containing component in living cells and is believed to play an important role as an antioxidant. We have examined the levels of reduced, oxidized, and total glutathione in liver, blood, kidneys, and intestinal mucosa of mice as a function of age. Reduced glutathione levels decreased in kidneys, Intestinal mucosa, and blood while total glutathione levels decreased in all tissue with advanced age. Highest concentrations of reduced glutathione per μg protein were present in liver and intestinal mucosa. Our results support the hypothesis that a decrease in reduced glutathione may contribute to changes associated with aging as well as to the increased susceptibility to disease processes which occur with advanced age.
Intertwining operators and polynomials associated with the symmetric group

There is an algebra of commutative differential-difference operators which is very useful in studying analytic structures invariant under permutation of coordinates. This algebra is generated by the Dunkl operators\(T_i : = \frac{\partial }{{\partial x_i }} + k\sum\nolimits_{j \ne i} {\frac{{1 - (ij)}}{{x_i - x_j }}} \), (i=1, ...,N, where (ij) denotes the transposition of the variablesxixj andk is a fixed parameter). We introduce a family of functions {pα}, indexed bym-tuples of non-negative integers α = (α1, ..., αm) form≤N, which allow a workable treatment of important constructions such as the intertwining operatorV. This is a linear map on polynomials, preserving the degree of homogeneity, for which\(T_i V = V\frac{\partial }{{\partial x_i }}\),i = 1, ...,N, normalized byV1=1 (seeDunkl, Canadian J. Math.43 (1991), 1213–1227). We show thatTipα=0 fori>m, and $$V(x_1^{\alpha _1 } \cdots x_m^{\alpha _m } ) = \frac{{\lambda _1 !\lambda _2 ! \cdots \lambda _m !}}{{\left( {Nk + 1} \right)_{\lambda _1 } \left( {Nk - k + 1} \right)_{\lambda _2 } \cdots (Nk - (m - 1)k + 1)_{\lambda _m } }}p_\alpha + \sum\limits_\beta {A_{\beta \alpha } p_{\beta ,} } $$ where (λ1, λ2, ..., λm) is the partition whose parts are the entries of α (That is, λ1➮ λ2➮ ... λm➮0), β = (β1, ..., βm), ∑i=1m βi = ∑i=1m αm and the sorting of β is a partition strictly larger than λ in the dominance order. This triangular matrix representation ofV allows a detailed study. There is an inner product structure on span {pα} and a convenient set of self-adjoint operators, namelyTiρi, whereρipα ≔p(α1, ...., αi + 1, ..., αm). This structure has a bi-orthogonal relationship with the Jack polynomials inm variables. Values ofk for whichV fails to exist are called singular values and were studied byDe Jeu, Opdam, andDunkl in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.346 (1994), 237–256. As a partial verification of a conjecture made in that paper, we construct, for anya=1,2,3,... such that gcd(N−m+1,a)<(N−m+1)/m andm≤N/2, a space of polynomials annihilated by eachTi fork=−a/(N−m+1) and on which the symmetric groupSN acts according to the representation (N−m, m).
A Theorem on n-Coloring the Points of a Linear Graph

(1962). A Theorem on n-Coloring the Points of a Linear Graph. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 69, No. 7, pp. 623-624.
Long-term retention of a motor skill: Implicit sequence knowledge is not retained after a one-year delay

Experimental work shows that some motor skills are retained well over a long delay and others are not. It is possible that motor tasks that are primarily implicit are retained over long intervals, whereas those with an explicit component are subject to more rapid forgetting. To test whether implicit motor skills are retained, 24 (experienced) participants were retested after a one-year delay for their retention of an implicit motor sequence. They had been trained on the sequence in a button-pushing task. Although the experienced participants responded faster than they had a year earlier, they showed no retention of the sequence compared to 24 participants who had received no training a year earlier, and no savings in relearning the sequence. The overall speed effect may indicate that the amount of training is crucial to the degree of retention of a skill. The results indicate that it is not the case that implicit motor skills are well retained whereas those with an explicit component are not.
Ethnography's role in assisting mental health research and clinical practice.

In this article, the author discusses the utility of qualitative approaches in mental health research and clinical practice. He highlights the value of conceptualizing research designs and procedures that include relevant cultural information about study participants. Emphasis is placed on African American women participants, consumers, and others who are understudied, underrepresented, and underserved in large-scale studies and treatment. Limitations and strengths are noted. Contributions of qualitative methodology are described, particularly the functions of ethnography and grounded theory in conceptualization, hypotheses building, and hypotheses testing of outcome data on African American women and culturally diverse groups. Clinical researchers are encouraged to utilize qualitative and mixed methods approaches to bolster outcomes and better inform their clinical practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 62: 859–879, 2006.
3,4,5-Triethoxybenzoic acid benzene solvate: An example of hydrogen-bonded carboxylic acid dimer

Crystals of 3,4,5-triethoxybenzoic acid benzene solvate, 3,4,5-(C2H5O)3C6H2COOH⋅ 0.25C6H6, are monoclinic, space group P2/c, with the cell dimensions at 100 K: a = 18.729(3), b = 10.6475(17), c = 14.390(2) A, β = 98.410(2)∘, V = 2838.7(8) A3, and Z = 8, Z′ = 2. In the crystal structure two symmetrically independent molecules of 3,4,5-triethoxybenzoic acid form a planar dimer by two O–H⋅sO hydrogen bonds.
Graduate education and research in architectural acoustics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

The rapid pace of change in the fields of architectural-, physical-, and psycho-acoustics has constantly advanced the Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics from its inception in 1998 with an ambitious mission of educating future experts and leaders in architectural acoustics. Recent years we have reshaped its pedagogy using “STEM” (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) methods, including intensive, integrative hands-on experimental components that fuse theory and practice in a collaborative environment. Our pedagogy enables graduate students from a broad range of fields to succeed in this rapidly changing field. The graduate program has attracted graduate students from a variety of disciplines including individuals with B.S., B.A., or B.Arch. degrees in Engineering, Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Electronic Media, Sound Recording, Music, Architecture, and related fields. RPI’s Graduate Program in Architectural Acoustics has since graduated more than 100 graduates with both M.S. and Ph.D. degrees. Along with faculty members they have also actively 0contributed to the program’s research in architectural acoustics, psychoaoustics, communication acoustics, signal processing in acoustics as well as our scientific exploration at the intersection of cutting edge research and traditional architecture/music culture. This paper shares the growth and evolution of the graduate program.
Oxygen tension profiles in tumors predicted by a diffusion with absorption model involving a moving free boundary

The dynamic behavior of the oxygen tension distribution in tumors during radiotherapy is studied by the development and solution of a diffusion with absorption model involving a moving free boundary. The oxygen uptake rates within the tumor are considered to be functions of the oxygen concentration and results are presented for zeroth-, half-, first- and second-order rates of absorption, as well as wehn the rate of oxygen absorption is described by the Michaelis-Menten expression. The results presented in this work may be used together with the data from the oxygen radiosensitivity curve of a tumor, in order to determine the proper radiation dosage that should be applied to the tumor during radiotherapy, so as to compensate for the lost killing effectiveness resulting from oxygen consumption by the tumor. The model used in this study may also be employed in examining the role of oxygen and hypoxia in chemotherapy, when cycle-specific chemotherapeutic agents are used. The numerical procedure developed for the solution of the equations of the model may become applicable to problems encountered in such diverse areas as statistical decision theory, heat transfer with changes of phase, thermal explosions, optimal control and fluid flow in porous media.
Orbital-Specific Analysis of CO Chemisorption on Transition-Metal Surfaces

We demonstrate that variations in the molecular chemisorption energy on different metals, different surface terminations, and different strain conditions can be accounted for by orbital-specific changes in the substrate electronic structure. We apply this analysis to a density functional theory data set, spanning three metals, two surface terminations, and five strain states. A crucial aspect of our analysis is decomposition of the d band into contributions from the five d atomic orbitals. This provides a representation of the energy levels of the substrate that are directly relevant to the chemisorption bond, leading to strong correlation with chemisorption trends.
Use of intravenous verapamil for ventricular tachycardia

For more than a decade, intravenous verapamil has been successfully used in the acute management of supraventricular tachyarrhythmiasJ, 2 On the basis of early reports s,4 it was suggested that verapamil would not be a useful agent in the management of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Recently, however, verapamil has been shown to be effective in several types of VT. 5-11 The present report is a review of published data regarding the use of intravenous verapamil for VT. Ventricular tachycardia from coronary heart disease: Heng et al 3 administered 10 mg of verapamil to 4 patients with VT occurring during acute myocardial infarction (MI), and restored sinus rhythm in I patient. Sclarovsky et al7 gave 3 to 5 mg of verapamil to 8 patients with multiform accelerated idioventricular rhythm observed during the first 12 hours of MI. They noted abolition of the arrhythmia in 6 patients, slowing of the ventricular rate in 1 patient and no effect in 1. More recently, Grenadier et alz0 reported successful abolition of polymorphous VT by verapamil treatment during acute MI in 3 of 4 patients. Efficacy of verapamil in these 3 patients contrasted with the failure of lidocaine, various class I antiarr~ythmic agents, overdrive pacing and cardioversion to abolish the arrhythmia. Although confirmatory evidence is needed, these reports suggest that verapamil may be effective in the management of various types of VT that occur during the acute stages of MI. Such an effect of verapamil suggests an involvement of the slow inward current in the genesis of these arrhytlimias. Whether these arrhythmias are due to a reentry mechanism involving slow response action potentials, triggered automaticity or abnormal automaticity is tmknown. Recently, the presence of triggered automaticity has been demonstrated in canine subendocardial Purkinje fibers that have survived I day of MI. 12,13 However, the possibility that efficacy of verapamil during VT in acute MI is, in part, a result of verapamil-induced improvement
Depression and the generation of complex hypotheses in the judgment of contingency

Abstract This experiment tests the hypothesis that relative to nondepressed college students, depressed college students will underestimate the potential amount of control they can exert over an environmental outcome when they must generate a complex hypothesis in order to exert control, but not when the complex hypothesis is generated for them. Following the method of Alloy and Abramson (1979b), depressed and nondepressed students' judgments of response-outcome contingency were assessed in either a ‘self-generated’ or an ‘experimenter-generated’ condition. In the ‘self-generated’ condition, subjects generated and tested potential hypotheses for controlling the outcome themselves. In the ‘experimenter-generated’ condition, the experimenter generated a small set of potential hypotheses to be tested by the subject. Relative to nondepressed students, depressed students were less likely to perform the correct controlling response, received fewer rewards, and judged that they exerted less control over the outcome in the ‘self-generated’ condition. These results fail to support the ‘associative’ deficit of the learned helplessness theory of depression, but are consistent with the ‘motivational’ deficit of helplessness theory.
Strong Effects of Cluster Size and Air Exposure on Oxygen Reduction and Carbon Oxidation Electrocatalysis by Size-Selected Ptn (n ≤ 11) on Glassy Carbon Electrodes

Model Ptn/glassy carbon electrodes (Ptn/GCE) were prepared by deposition of mass-selected Ptn+ (n ≤ 11) on GCE substrates in ultrahigh vacuum. Electrocatalysis under conditions appropriate for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied, for samples both in situ with no exposure to laboratory air and with air exposure prior to electrochemical measurements. Of the small clusters, only a few cluster sizes show the expected ORR activity, and in those cases, the activity per Pt atom is similar to that seen under identical conditions with a conventionally prepared electrode with Pt nanoparticles grown on a GCE. For other small Ptn on GCE, any ORR signal is overwhelmed by large oxidative currents attributed to catalysis of carbon oxidation by water. If the samples are exposed to air prior to electrochemistry, both ORR and carbon oxidation signals are absent, and instead only small capacitive currents or currents attributed to redox chemistry of adventitious organic adsorbates are observed, indicating that a...
Energy transfer, unfolding, and fragmentation dynamics in collisions of N-protonated octaglycine with an H-SAM surface.

Results are reported for PM3 and RM1 QM+MM direct dynamics simulations of collisions of N-protonated octaglycine (gly8-H+) with an octanethiol self-assembled monolayer (H-SAM) surface. Detailed ana...
Interleukin‐6, hepatocyte growth factor, and their receptors in biliary epithelial cells during a type i ductular reaction in mice: Interactions between the periductal inflammatory and stromal cells and the biliary epithelium

The interleukin-6 (IL-6)/gp-80 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/met ligand/receptor systems have been shown to stimulate biliary epithelial cell (BEC) DNA synthesis in vitro. The mRNA and protein production of these two in vitro mitogens were mapped in vivo during the first week after bile duct ligation (BDL) when peak BEC DNA synthesis is seen. Changes around the biliary tree were compared with those seen in the peripheral liver using a combination of Northern blotting and a unique biliary tree isolation technique, in which the bile ducts and the surrounding portal stroma and inflammatory cells are separated from the hepatocytes by perfusion digestion. Further localization was performed with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. In the normal liver, there is low-level expression of HGF mRNA by periportal stellate cells, and HGF protein localizes to these cells and to neutrophils; extracellular HGF protein is present in the bile. There is no detectable IL-6 mRNA by Northern analysis or IL-6 protein expression in the normal liver, but both met and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) mRNA are detectable; met mRNA is expressed strongly in the biliary tree, and met protein is expressed weakly on hepatocytes and strongly on BEC. IL-6R mRNA is weakly expressed in the biliary tree, and IL-6R protein is detectable on hepatocytes, with a periportal-to-perivenular gradient, but not on BEC. During the first 3 days after BDL, HGF mRNA expression is increased in both the biliary tree and in the peripheral liver, and production is localized to stellate cells, periductal neutrophils, and stromal cells, which typically accompany the proliferating ductules. IL-6 mRNA and protein were detected only near the biliary tree after BDL, and not in the peripheral liver, and the production was localized to periductal hematolymphoid cells, which had the morphological appearance of macrophages and/or dendritic cells. There is also a distinct up-regulation of met and gp-80 mRNA and protein in the biliary tree, which is stronger than that seen in the peripheral liver. Met protein expression is increased, and IL-6R(gp-80) protein is induced on the proliferating BEC, consistent with the participation of both the HGF/met and IL-6/gp-80 systems in the early phases of type I ductular reactions. These observations show that periductal hematolymphoid and stromal cells are the source of BEC growth factors, and receptors for these factors are up-regulated on BEC during active ductular proliferation. Complex interactions between the inflammatory, stromal, and BEC results in a dysmorphogenic repair response that eventually leads to cirrhosis.
A generalized technique to obtain pure component parameters for two-parameter equations of state

Abstract A generalized technique is presented for the calculation of the pure component parameters for use in a general two-parameter equation of state. The method requires as input data the vapor pressure and saturated liquid volume of a component at a given temperature, and is both accurate and simple to use. Correlations for the calculation of the parameters are presented for the van der Waals, Redlich—Kwong and Peng—Robinson forms of cubic equations of state. A comparison is made between the new method and the corresponding-states approach.
Assessment of accident energetics in LMFBR core-disruptive accidents

Abstract An assessment of accident energetics in LMFBR core-disruptive accidents is given with emphasis on the generic issues of energetic recriticality and energetic fuel-coolant interaction events. Application of a few general behavior principles to the oxide-fueled system suggest that such events are highly unlikely following a postulated core meltdown event.
Short-term thermal unit commitment-a new method

A method and an algorithm based on this new method are presented. The effectiveness of the algorithm is illustrated by studying a 20-unit midwestern utility system, the EPRI 174-unit synthetic utility system D, and the EPRI 155-unit synthetic utility system E. The algorithm produces the same unit commitment schedule for the 20-unit system as a frequently used DP-STC algorithm in 15 s of computation time versus 524 s, respectively. The computation time is approximately linear with the number of hours in the unit commitment horizon. For the EPRI 174-unit system the algorithm requires only 205 s of computation time on a VAX 11/780 for a 48-hour horizon. >
Phase Relations in the System Iron Oxide—Cr2O3 in Air

The quenching method has been used to determine approximate phase relations in the system iron oxide-Cr2O3 in air. Only two crystalline phases, a sesquioxide solid solution (Fe2O3–Cr2O3) with corundum structure and a spinel solid solution (approximately FeO ·Fe2O3–FeO – Cr2O3), occur in this system at conditions of temperature and O2 partial pressure (0.21 atm.) used in this investigation. Liquidus temperatures increase rapidly as Cr2O3 is added to iron oxide, from 1591°C. for the pure iron oxide end member to a maximum of approximately 2265°C. for Cr2O3. Spinel(ss) is the primary crystalline phase in iron oxide-rich mixtures and sesquioxide (ss) in Cr2O3–rich mixtures. These two crystalline phases are present together in equilibrium with a liquid and gas (po2= 0.21 atm.) at approximately 2075°C.
A fast global gate collapsing technique for high performance designs using static CMOS and pass transistor logic

A new design methodology for mapping circuits is discussed in this paper. It proposes two new techniques for mapping circuits. The first method, known as the odd-level transistor replacement (OTR) method, has a goal that is similar to that of technology mapping, but without the restriction of a fixed library size. The second technique, the Static/PTL method, uses a mix of static CMOS and pass transistor logic (PTL) to realize the circuit, using the relation between PTL and binary decision diagrams. The methods are very efficient and can handle all of the ISCAS85 benchmark circuits in minutes. A comparison of the results with traditional technology mapping using SIS on different libraries shows an average delay reduction about 40% for OTR, and an average delay reduction above 50% for the Static/PTL method.
Structural energies and phase stability in Ni-Cr alloys

The structural energy difference between stable bcc and metastable fcc structures of Cr are investigated via a detailed first-principles and phenomenological study of the thermodynamic properties of Ni-Cr alloys. Our work focuses on the large discrepancies between the first-principles calculations of structural energies and those obtained from phase diagram studies. For the Ni-Cr system, we find that the existing phase diagram and thermochemical data are insufficient to assess accurately the structural energies of Cr. Electronic structure calculations based on a tight-binding (TB) approximation for the alloy Hamiltonian are used, together with available thermochemical data, to obtain more reliable estimates of structural energies.
Bootstrapping Without the Boot

"Bootstrapping" methods for learning require a small amount of supervision to seed the learning process. We show that it is sometimes possible to eliminate this last bit of supervision, by trying many candidate seeds and selecting the one with the most plausible outcome. We discuss such "strapping" methods in general, and exhibit a particular method for strapping word-sense classifiers for ambiguous words. Our experiments on the Canadian Hansards show that our unsupervised technique is significantly more effective than picking seeds by hand (Yarowsky, 1995), which in turn is known to rival supervised methods.
Longleaf and loblolly pine seedlings respond differently to soil compaction, water content, and fertilization

Aims Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is being restored across the U.S. South for a multitude of ecological and economic reasons, but our understanding of longleaf pine’s response to soil physical conditions is poor. On the contrary, our understanding of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) root and shoot growth response to soil conditions is well established. Methods We performed a comparative greenhouse study which modeled root length density, total seedling biomass, and the ratio of aboveground:belowground mass as functions of volumetric water content, bulk density and soil fertility (fertilized or not). Results Root length density was about 35 % greater in longleaf pine seedlings compared to loblolly pine seedlings, and was reasonably well modeled (R 2 =0.54) for longleaf pine by bulk density (linear), volumetric water content (quadratic), soil fertility, and the interactions of bulk density, volumetric water content, species, and soil fertility. The aboveground:belowground mass ratio (ABR) increased at both extremes of water content. Conclusions This research indicates that young longleaf pine seedling root systems respond more negatively to extremes of soil physical conditions than loblolly pine,
Probability Transformations In The Study Of Behavior Toward Risk

Probability transformation functions were introduced into modelsof behavior toward risk to allow them to accommodate violations of the expected utility hypothesis.This paper examines the shape of the probability transformation function, its interpretation asoptimism or pessimism, and how the ranking of outcomes becomes important when probability transformationsare used. It also explores two behavioral implications: the overweighting of unlikely, extremeoutcomes, and intertia around certainty. Finally, the rationality of transforming the probabilitydistribution is discussed.
Solving swath problems optimally

We present the first optimal algorithms for swath segment scheduling for orbiting spacecraft. We present a comparison between an integer program formulation and a branch and bound formulation that makes use of a flow network transformation, each capable of solving instances of these problems optimally. We also compare our techniques with the current state of the practice: the Aster scheduling algorithm. No technique strictly dominates all others, and we characterize their respective advantages and disadvantages. Note that this problem is NP-complete. The primary goal of our work is to solve the largest swath problems possible, both quickly, and where feasible, optimally.
Analysis of the multiplicity matching parameter in suffix trees

In a suffix tree, the multiplicity matching parameter (MMP) $M_n$ is the number of leaves in the subtree rooted at the branching point of the $(n+1)$st insertion. Equivalently, the MMP is the number of pointers into the database in the Lempel-Ziv '77 data compression algorithm. We prove that the MMP asymptotically follows the logarithmic series distribution plus some fluctuations. In the proof we compare the distribution of the MMP in suffix trees to its distribution in tries built over independent strings. Our results are derived by both probabilistic and analytic techniques of the analysis of algorithms. In particular, we utilize combinatorics on words, bivariate generating functions, pattern matching, recurrence relations, analytical poissonization and depoissonization, the Mellin transform, and complex analysis.
National conditions and local‐level political structures: patronage in prerevolutionary Iran

Recent theoretical examinations of patron-client relationships suggest that local conditions alone cannot account for their variant forms. Rather, it is argued that local-level relationships can only be explained if seen within a larger political-economic context. This paper employs a model of supralocal determination to account for the nature of patron-client relationships among a tribal population in Kerman Province in south-central Iran. The paper shows that in prerevolutionary Iran patrons derived material benefits from their clients while political clientism was absent. I argue that these local conditions arose through the overlay of Mohammad Reza Shah's oil-based centralization of political power upon the already present, general pattern of an upward flow of wealth that characterized 19th- and 20th-century Iran/Persia. [political anthropology, Middle East, patron-client relations, state power and revenue, Iran]
Accuracy of approximate methods for the evaluation of chromatic dispersion in dispersion-flattened fibers

The accuracy of three approximate methods of estimating chromatic dispersion in dispersion-flattened fibers is examined. In these methods, the material dispersion of fiber is approximated by (a) the dispersion of pure fused silica, (b) the dispersion of the core material, and (c) the weighted average of material dispersion of various layers of the fiber. The actual values and three approximate values of the dispersion are calculated and compared for fibers with two, three, and four cladding regions. Examples of satisfactory and poor accuracy are given. The accuracy of approximate methods depends on the index differences and their first- and second-order derivatives with respect to wavelength. The smaller the index differences and their derivatives, the smaller the error in the approximate dispersion. However, small index differences along do not guarantee small errors. For GeO/sub 2/-doped fibers, the accuracy of approximate methods b and c is much better than that of method a. >
Comparative analysis of Wingless patterning in the embryonic grasshopper eye

The signaling factor Wingless regulates multiple steps during the postembryonic development of the Drosophila eye. To obtain insight into the molecular regulation of embryonic eye development in primitive insects, we studied the expression of wg and genes projected to interact with wg in the grasshopper Schistocerca americana. We find that the dynamic and complex expression of wg in the early grasshopper procephalon results in three paired expression domains with relevance to eye primordium development. By comparison with Drosophila, these domains are compatible with a conserved function of wg during anteroposterior and dorsoventral axis formation by repression of retinal differentiation and stimulation of tissue proliferation. This is further supported by the expression of grasshopper orthologs of the retina determination genes sine oculis and eyes absent, and by inhibition of retina differentiation in grasshopper eye primordia cultured with LiCl. Surprisingly, the expression of wg and the grasshopper orthologs of pannier, fringe, Delta, and Iroquois complex is inconsistent with induction of midline centered Notch signaling activity, which is essential for Drosophila retina development. Similarly substantial evolutionary divergence is found concerning the control of retina versus head epidermis specification. The transcription factor Extradenticle (Exd), which cooperates with wg in specifying the Drosophila head epidermis, is not detected outside the labral and antennal primordia in the embryonic grasshopper head. Our results, which provide the first insight into the molecular control of eye primordium formation in primitive insects, suggest substantial modification of this process during the evolution of the Drosophila mode of postembryonic eye development.
A new FastICA algorithm of Newton's iteration

This paper introduces the basic theory of ICA and the FastICA algorithm. In order to increase the algorithm convergence rate and reduce the running time, the paper which is based on FastICA algorithm proposes an improved independent component analysis algorithm with Newton's iteration- the “Newton Type” iteration algorithm with third-order convergence. The simulation results of the image signal separation show that the improved algorithm have the same separate effect as conventional FastICA algorithm and can reduce the times of iterations.
Electric vehicle modeling utilizing DC motor equations

This paper discusses modeling an electric utility vehicle powered by a separately wound DC motor. Many modeling techniques use steady state efficiency maps and torque-speed curves to describe the performance of electric motors, which can overlook transient response dynamics, current limits, and thermal limits that may affect the end vehicle performance. This paper discusses using bond-graph techniques to develop a causal model of an electric vehicle powered by a separately wound DC motor and development of the appropriate feedforward and feed-back controllers required for route following. The causal model performance is compared to a PSAT model of the same electric vehicle, which uses motor torque-speed curve and efficiency map.
Sensing platform for acoustic startle responses from rat forelimbs and hindlimbs

A sensing platform with two piezoelectric transducers was designed and fabricated to measure acoustic startle responses from forelimbs and hindlimbs in the fat. Testing with a vibrator showed that separate forces were measured from 5 to 25 Hz with mean sensitivities of 2.395 and 2.022 V/N and mean linearity errors of 3.23 and 2.98% FS for the forelimb and hindlimb sensors, respectively. Forelimb and hindlimb response waveforms of male Sprague-Dawley rats had shapes similar to the commonly recorded whole-body response but were smaller in amplitude.
Endotoxin potentiates lung injury in cerulein-induced pancreatitis.

Abstract Background In this study we examine the effect of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) on lung injury in the setting of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Twelve hourly injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/h) were used to induce pancreatitis in mice. Intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS [6 mg/kg]) was administered 24 hours after the initial cerulein injection. Twenty-four hours after LPS injection, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and chemokines MIP-2 and KC levels were measured in pancreas, liver, and lung tissues. Four groups of mice were studied: cerulein-LPS, cerulein-saline, saline-LPS, and saline-saline treated mice. Results Elevated serum lipase confirmed pancreatitis in cerulein treated mice. Lung MPO activity was significantly increased in the cerulein-LPS group. NF-κB was activated in the liver but not in pancreas and lung tissue. Chemokines MIP-2 and KC were elevated in pancreatic tissue only. Conclusions These findings suggest that gram-negative infections may be an important predisposition for the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome in the setting of AP and that hepatic NF-κB may mediate multisystem injury.