cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 80 – Drosophila melanogaster

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Drosophila melanogaster,. The genus Drosophila, and D. melanogaster in particular, continues to be an important model system in biological research. D. melanogaster originated in tropical West Africa and has spread around the world, primarily through its commensal associations with humans. This species is a generalist and breeds in a variety of rotting fruits in its natural environment. D. melanogaster is holometabolous and undergoes a complete metamorphosis. Development times vary depending on temperature. Typical Drosophila laboratories maintain flies between 18 and 25°C. Stocks or infrequently used strains are usually kept at lower temperatures to slow down the development and reduce the amount of stock changing required. Complete development takes about 3 weeks at 18°C. The family Drosophilidae is divided into a number of genera, subgenera, species groups, and species subgroups; this system gives each species a taxonomic address that loosely defines relationships within the family. In addition to referring to the single species D. melanogaster, Drosophila can also refer to the entire genus Drosophila, a spectacular radiation of roughly 1500 described species. This genus can be found throughout the world in every conceivable habitat, from tropical rain forests to subarctic regions. Generally, these species are saprophytic, feeding, and ovipositing in rotting plant and, sometimes, animal material.
Secure Data Collection Using Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In recent years, drones have become a practical solution for data collection in both academic and commercial fields. The use of drones allows users to collect data without disrupting the environment and keep safe from dangerous areas such as: military operations and surveillance in locations where maneuverability is difficult. The different data collected via unmanned aerial vehicles include field work GPS coordinates, environmental quality measurements, photographs/video and much more. The data collected by unmanned aerial vehicles may contain sensitive information, leading to an increased value on the security of that data. Without proper security services, information may be used in unforeseen, or even malicious ways, such as planting false information or leaking particularly sensitive data. In this paper we introduce a secure data collection method from wireless sensor nodes using autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles. We built a sensor node with multiple sensors designed to collect data for rainfall, temperature, humidity, ultra violet index, and soil moisture. Along with another sensor node with sensors used to collect data from water, we created a wireless sensor network where the sensor data was collected using an unmanned aerial vehicle. The sensor nodes collected environmental data through several sensors which are securely stored in the sensor node itself. The collected data was then transferred securely to a central node mounted on a DJI F450 Flamewheel quad-copter, which was loaded with a predetermined flight path via Mission Planner to perform the autonomous flight. Aside from previous environmental focus, technical improvements were made such as adding a solar battery to the sensor node and implementing energy efficiency in the nodes’ systems while the drone collected data autonomously during a predetermined flight path. This project served as a proof-of-concept that communication with a wireless sensor node has the capability to be deployed for data collection in remote areas efficiently and effectively while maintaining a low power and energy consumption.
Improving Wait Times for Pediatric Neuropsychology Services

Pediatric neuropsychological assessment services can clarify diagnosis and treatment recommendations and promote improved child and family functioning and long-term outcomes. However, wait times fo...
Coupled confined phase behavior and transport of methane in slit nanopores

Abstract The proximity of the order of magnitude molecular mean free path and pore sizes in nanopores leads to remarkable interactions between molecules and walls. In such systems, the thermodynamic property and the transport behavior of fluids deviate from those at bulk conditions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation may be used to investigate the effects of confinement on fluid physics in nano-size pores. However, translating these subscale observations into a larger scale of interest remains a challenging task. In this work, we propose a modified extension of Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) motivated and guided by MD simulation results. The shift of critical properties, i.e., pressure and temperature, are evaluated independently. A temperature dependent parameter is introduced to account for the existence of capillary pressure in the two-phase region. This formulation is capable of capturing the shift in critical properties as well as density phase diagrams under various confinement scenarios. We incorporate the proposed EOS in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to study coupled confined phase behavior and transport of methane in nano-size slit pores. Adsorptive strength is determined such that the resulting density ratio matches that from MD simulation. Results indicate that the use of the proposed EOS leads to smaller fluid velocities compared to PR-EOS. This effect is due to stronger interactions between fluid particles under confinement. Also, results show that transport characteristics are impacted by the pressure of the system: in systems with a relatively low pressure, transport seems to be dominated by Knudsen diffusion; however, at a higher pressure, the contribution from viscous flow increases as the pore widens while the influence of Knudsen and surface diffusion diminishes.
Administration in Emergency Psychiatry

The success of a psychiatric emergency service (PES) depends on the expert coordination of an interdisciplinary psychiatric care team with community and non-psychiatric services. To provide the highest-quality patient care, PES administrators must make decisions regarding the scope and mission of their service while keeping in mind interested stakeholders and financial constraints. PES leaders must recruit and manage personnel who are skilled at working with the most acute patient population in psychiatric practice. In addition, quality improvement, education, and contributing knowledge to the field of emergency psychiatry are crucial responsibilities that ensure the growth and sustainability of emergency psychiatric care. This chapter describes common responsibilities expected of a PES director and explores the challenges and growth opportunities encountered in the path to building a successful PES.
Abstract 14107: Early Right Ventricular Reverse Remodeling Predicts Long-term Survival After Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery

Introduction: There are limited data on the impact of isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery on recovery of right ventricular (RV) function and RV reverse remodeling. Methods: Among 223 patients who...
Ikhwan Al-Safa beauty philosophy and theory of art

Since the need for aesthetic, general and inclusive and deeply linked to contemporary human life, due to the importance of what these letters contained of ideas and knowledge in the field of beauty and art .We decided to study these ideas under Ikhwan Al Safa philosophy of art and beauty title. Our goal in this illustrating the Arabic and Islamic library that with useful and unique, because th subject is so far has not been studied independently, hoping we success in that . in order to explain a circle of the beauty concepts and its development at Arabs and Muslims, and that required research brief, followed by two themes: First: Ikhwan Al-SAFA philosophy of beauty and art . II: Ikhwan Al-Safa ' theory of art and includes principles and application. The tabulation above that research aims to expose the standards in the philosophical thought of the Ikhwan Al-SAFA
Nobody More Terrible than the Desperate: Conflict Conditions and Rebel Demand for Foreign Fighters

This article argues that the structural conflict conditions surrounding insurgencies produce rebel demand for external participation. Drawing on a data set of 140 militant organizations between 199...
Molecular Basis of Urostyle Development: Genes and Gene Regulation Underlying an Evolutionary Novelty

ABSTRACT Evolutionary novelties entail the origin of morphologies that enable new functions. These features can arise through changes to gene function and regulation. One important novelty is the fused rod at the end of the vertebral column in anurans, the urostyle. This feature is composed of a coccyx and an ossifying hypochord, and both structures ossify during metamorphosis. We used Laser Capture Micro-dissection of these identified tissues and subjected them to RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analyses at three developmental stages in tadpoles of Xenopus tropicalis. These experiments reveal that the coccyx and hypochord have two different molecular signatures. ATAC-seq data reveals potential regulatory regions that are observed in proximity to candidate genes identified from RNA-seq. Neuronal (TUBB3) and muscle markers (MYH3) are upregulated in coccygeal tissues, whereas T-box genes (TBXT, TBXT.2), corticosteroid stress hormones (CRCH.1), and matrix metallopeptidases (MMP1, MMP8, MMP13) are upregulated in the hypochord. Even though an ossifying hypochord is only present in anurans, this ossification between the vertebral column and the notochord appears to resemble a congenital vertebral anomaly seen prenatally in humans, caused by an ectopic expression of the TBXT/TBXT.2 gene. This work opens the way to functional studies that help us better elucidate anuran bauplan evolution.
Association between asthma status and prenatal antibiotic prescription fills among women in a Medicaid population.

Pregnant women with asthma have increased frequency of respiratory viral infections and exacerbations. Because of these risks, women with asthma may be subject to increased surveillance during preg...
Addressing Health Disparities at the Intersection of Disability, Race, and Ethnicity: the Need for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Training for Healthcare Professionals

Within the USA, nearly one in five, or 56.7 million people, live with a disability. Disabilities are ubiquitous; yet, health care professionals (both clinical and public health) lack training and competence to care for the general health needs and cultural considerations presented by people with disabilities. This problem is compounded when people with disabilities are from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. In order to prevent and eliminate the health disparities faced by people with disabilities, especially those from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, health care professionals must have opportunities to learn about and discuss appropriate methods for dealing with the concerns of these populations. Morehouse School of Medicine created and implemented a course for MPH students that begins to address this issue.
Three-dimensional adaptive soft phononic crystals

We report a new class of three-dimensional (3D) adaptive phononic crystals whose dynamic response is controlled by mechanical deformation. Using finite element analysis, we demonstrate that the bandgaps of the proposed 3D structure can be fully tuned by the externally applied deformation. In fact, our numerical results indicate that the system acts as a reversible phononic switch: a moderate level of applied strain (i.e., −0.16) is sufficient to completely suppress the bandgap, and upon the release of applied strain, the deformed structure recovers its original shape, which can operate with a sizable bandgap under dynamic loading. In addition, we investigate how material damping significantly affects the propagation of elastic waves in the proposed 3D soft phononic crystal. We believe that our results pave the way for the design of a new class of soft, adaptive, and re-configurable 3D phononic crystals, whose bandgaps can be easily tuned and switched on/off by controlling the applied deformation.
Interaction of a Self-Associating Protein with Its Cofactor

Solutions of the β2 component of tryptophan synthetase which are paucidisperse in the ultracentrifuge can be rendered monodisperse by affixing the cofactor, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (pyridoxal-P), to the enzyme by chemical reduction with sodium borohydride. Unlike the apoenzyme, the distribution of the reduced form in the centrifuge is unaffected by Tris even above pH 9. Investigation of the effect of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate on the isopotential apparent specific volume of the β2 protein (φ′) showed that the cofactor is altering the molecular weight distribution of the association. Furthermore, study of the φ′ parameter under conditions favoring subunit dissociation shows that a volume change does not accompany the self-association process. Molecular weight determinations in the presence of high concentrations of mercaptoethanol lead to a reduction in the Z average molecular weight. Comparison of holoenzyme and apoenzyme preparations shows that the apoenzyme contains substantially more of a heavy component. These results together with the finding that both pyridoxal-P removal and denaturation lead to the unmasking of a second and third reactive sulfhydryl suggest the presence of a higher molecular weight aggregate resulting from intermolecular disulfide formation. Previous results may therefore be interpreted in terms of a simple monomer-dimer equilibrium which is more in keeping with the proposed a2β2 form of the native complex.
Reviving the Iconicity of Beta Graphs

By devising a new reading method for Peirce's Existential Graphs (EG), this paper moves away from the traditional method of evaluating diagrammatic systems against the criteria appropriate to symbolic systems. As is well-known, symbolic systems have long been preferred to diagrammatic systems and the distinction between the two types of systems has not been well defined. This state of affairs has resulted in a vicious circle: because the unique strengths of visual systems have not been discovered, diagrammatic systems have been criticized for lacking the properties of a symbolic system, which, in turn, reinforces the existing prejudice against non-symbolic systems. Peirce's EG is a classic example of this vicious circle. Logicians commonly complain that EG is too complicated to put to actual use. This paper locates a main source of this criticism in the traditional reading methods of EG, none of which fully exploits the visual features of the system. By taking full advantage of the iconicity of EG, I present a much more transparent and useful reading of the Beta graphs. I pursue this project by (i) uncovering important visual features of EG, and (ii) implementing Peirce's original intuitions for the system.
PRECOCIOUS TRANSITIONS AND SUBSTANCE USE PATTERNS AMONG MEXICAN AMERICAN GANG MEMBERS

Previous research has found that disorderly life events in early adolescence are associated with problem behaviors in late adolescence and early adulthood. The objective of the study is to determine the patterns of associations among substance use and adolescence precocious transitions in a sample (N=160) of Mexican American gang members in San Antonio, Texas. The Mexican American male gang members are a polydrug using population as measured by their lifetime and current drug use patterns. A correlation and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted between substance use and precocious transitions that revealed two distinct groups of drug users in the Mexican American gang population: "hard" drug users and "party" drug users. Furthermore, factor analysis revealed underlying precocious transitions constructs that go beyond a precocious transitions index. Findings begin to identify the importance of disorderly life events as correlates of substance use among this unique population of gang members.
ALICE: an assertion language for integrity constraint expression

A declarative constraint language, ALICE, for the expression of complex, logic-based constraints in an object-oriented database environment is presented. The translation of ALICE constraints to logic was developed to support a design approach that uses techniques from deductive databases to explain constraints at design time and to specify propagation actions. Two different translations for ALICE constraints are described: one that allows a relaxed interpretation in the presence of null values and one that enforces a stricter interpretation in which the use of null values is limited. An important contribution of ALICE is that the formal, declarative nature of the language forms the basis of a constraint management facility for intelligent object-oriented database environments. >
Review: Adoption, fostering, and the needs of looked-after and adopted children

Background This review of the literature examines adoption, fostering, and the needs of looked-after and adopted children. Three domains of research about looked-after children are examined. Findings There is extensive evidence that early adverse experiences affect psychological and neurobiological development in looked-after and adopted children. There is also evidence that some looked-after and adopted children show remarkable resilience in the face of adversity; intervention research provides evidence of the ability to reduce risks and promote positive outcomes in this population. The intervention studies have revealed not only the potential for improved behavioral trajectories but also the plasticity of neurobiological systems affected by early stress. Conclusion Foster and adopted children face many challenges, but scientific knowledge also provides reason for hope and information about how to maximize positive outcomes.
Managing versus manipulation

The profession of Managing is moving away from the paternal and coercive manipulation of individuals toward a social concept of power which rests on the dignity and worth of all individuals in the organization. Leadership thus exercised will produce the greatest usefulness and profitability.
Angular Alteration of the DNA Helix by E. coli RNA Polymerase

IT has been a source of speculation whether the reading of the genetic code of DNA by RNA polymerase involves the disruption of the DNA helix. While circuitous evidence favouring either affirmative or negative answer has been accumulating, direct experiments have been few1–11. Kosaganov et al. investigated the possibility of a local unwinding of DNA during RNA synthesis by measuring the kinetics of formaldehyde-induced denaturation of DNA during RNA synthesis12. They concluded that the binding of RNA polymerase did not cause local unwinding but RNA synthesis produced “defects” in the double helix. Unfortunately, the interpretation of formaldehyde-induced denaturation is not clear, nor is the nature of a “defect”.
Direct observation of overlayer structures on W(110)

Abstract Observations in the field ion microscope have resolved the individual atoms in two-dimensional overlayers of platinum, palladium, iridium and silicon on W(110). All these layers, but most notably silicon, have quite an open arrangement of atoms. With iridium, transformations in the structure of the layer occurs as the number of adatoms is changed.
Evaluation of Risk Factors for Infectious Morbidity in Postoperative Gynecologic Oncology Patients: A Time for a New Paradigm?

Abstract This study aimed to determine the postoperative fever index in the gynecologic oncology patient associated with significant infectious morbidity. A retrospective analysis was performed of 355 patients who underwent abdominal surgery. Charts were reviewed to evaluate postoperative temperature and risk factors for infectious morbidity. Statistical analyses were performed as indicated by the data type, including the Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test, and 1-way analysis of variance. A value of P
Transplantation: kidney or kidney-pancreas transplant for the uremic diabetic?

Uremic diabetics have better survival rates with a kidney transplant than on dialysis. Adding a pancreas graft induces insulin independence and if the graft survives for >1 year, risk-adjusted registry analyses show improved patient and graft survival. Overall, however, as survival is similar for kidney–pancreas and kidney transplants alone from deceased pancreas donors, many questions remain.
Systematic Approaches to Environmental Impact Assessment: AN Evaluation

Increased public awareness of the environmental effects of large-scale projects and concomittant public participation in the environmental impact assessment process demand that assessment methods and procedures fulfill a wide range of desirable characteristics. These are developed and offered as specific criteria against which currently proposed environmental assessment procedures should be judged. Such procedures as checklists, matrices, networks (stepped matrices), overlays, linear vector analyses, and nonlinear evaluation systems are presented and judged in light of the proposed criteria. It is concluded that the use of checklists, the most common assessment format used to date, does not constitute a viable assessment procedure. Use of the matrix or stepped matrix techniques in conjunction with the linear vector or nonlinear evaluation systems, with the latter modified slightly, is seen as an approach to environmental assessment that will achieve most of the established criteria.
Piroxicam Therapy in 34 Dogs With Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Thirty-four dogs with histopathologically confirmed, measurable, nonresectable transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were treated with piroxicam (0.3 mg/kg PO sid) and were evaluated for tumor response and drug toxicity. Dogs were evaluated at the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital by means of physical examination, thoracic and abdominal radiography, cystography, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, and urinalysis. In selected cases, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in plasma and in supernatants of stimulated monocytes, and natural killer cell activity were quantified. Dogs were evaluated before therapy and at 28 and 56 days after initiation of therapy. Dogs with stable disease or remission at 56 days remained on the study and were evaluated at 1 to 2 months intervals. Tumor responses were 2 complete remissions, 4 partial remissions, 18 stable diseases, and 10 progressive diseases. The median survival of all dogs was 181 days (range, 28 to 720+ days), with 2 dogs still alive. Piroxicam toxicity consisted of gastrointestinal irritation in 6 dogs and renal papillary necrosis (detected at necropsy) in 2 dogs. Monocyte production of PGE2 appeared to decrease with therapy in dogs whose tumors were decreasing in size, and increased in dogs with tumor progression. A consistent pattern in natural killer cell activity was not observed. In vitro cytotoxicity assays against 4 canine tumor cell lines revealed no direct antitumor effects of piroxicam. In summary, antitumor activity, which was not likely the result of a direct cytotoxic effect, was observed in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with piroxicam.
Normal spectral emittance of vanadium and tantalum for different surface conditions at temperatures above 1000 K

The normal spectral emittance (λ = 0.645Jμ) was determined for vanadium between 1100 and 1750 K and for tantalum between 1200 and 2600 K, at pressures below 10-6 mm Hg for elec-trochemically and mechanically polished surfaces. The emittance was found to decrease with increase in temperature. It was also lower for the electrochemically polished surface. An empirical equation was fitted to the experimental data, and it was used to predict the emittances up to the melting points.
Improving service employee work affect: the transformative potential of work design

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to employ Self-Determination Theory to explain the mediated impact of work design – empowerment and serial and investiture socialization – on employee work affect. The theory proposes fulfilment of three psychological needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness – will mediate individuals' ability to achieve contextually relevant well-being. An empirical study tests this claim and exposes the structure of the mediating effects. Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses were collected from a sample of 239 front-line service employees using snowball data collection. SEM was used to test hypotheses. Findings – Findings suggest that empowerment and serial and investiture socialization are significantly differentially related to need fulfilment. Additionally, all forms of need fulfilment do not directly influence employee affect. Instead, there are both direct and interactive effects that work simultaneously to influence employees' positive work affect. Practical ...
SORT1: deciphering the biological and genetic link between cholesterol and coronary heart disease

Discovering coronary heart disease genes Despite many advances in cardiac care, coro‐ nary heart disease (CHD) remains the lead‐ ing cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. LDL‐C is a causal risk fac‐ tor for CHD, as originally established by the discovery of mutations in the LDLR gene that causes autosomal dominant hypercholesterol‐ emia – a disorder marked by extremely high plasma LDL‐C levels and premature CHD [1]. Subsequent research identified mutations in the APOB and PCSK9 genes as also being respon‐ sible for autosomal dominant hypercholester‐ olemia [2,3]. Autosomal recessive hypercholes‐ terolemia, phenotypically similar to autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia, was found to be caused by mutations in the LDLRAP1 gene [4]. An additional group of patients who suffer premature CHD have sitosterolemia, a disorder marked by very high levels of plant sterols and, often, high LDL‐C levels in the blood. These individuals harbor mutations in the ABCG5 or ABCG8 genes [5].
Cozymase in Invertebrate Muscle

RECENT work from the institutes of Meyerhof1 and von Euler2 has demonstrated the important part played by cozymase in muscle glycolysis. Cozymase has now been quantitatively determined in, and isolated in a pure form from, mammalian muscle3. In muscle, as in other tissues, cozymase is present partly in the reduced, dihydro form in equilibrium with the oxidized form, 35–40 per cent of the total cozymase in mammalian muscle being in the reduced form2,4.
Meiotic breakdown of nuclear envelope in oocytes of Spisula solidissima involves phosphorylation and release of nuclear lamin

During meiotic nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) in maturing oocytes of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, the 67-kDa lamin is extensively phosphorylated, concurrently with its solubilization. This is accompanied by a reduction of the nuclear diameter. Quercetin, a protein kinase inhibitor, does not affect lamin phosphorylation and release, nor NEBD per se, but specifically inhibits the early phosphorylation of a set of proteins, on which NEBD seems to depend. Our results suggest that meiotic NEBD in Spisula oocytes may be controlled by a mechanism which involves lamin phosphorylation, similar to that which is thought to operate in mitosis.
Age/Grade and Social-Class Differences in Descriptions and Inquiries about Games

This study explored cognitive performance differences between disadvantaged and middle-class boys on descriptive and inquiry tasks relating to everyday games. Fourth and eighth grade boys from both social classes were asked to describe the game they played most, then to learn a new game using yes-or-no questioning. The interviews were content-analyzed by category of game information and rated for effectiveness of description and inquiry. Grade 8 boys covered a wider array of categories for a description or inquiry of a given length. They were also more likely to explore the object of the game on all tasks. Grade 4 boys more frequently seemed at a loss in generating questions on the inquiry task. Socioeconomic differences were present, favoring middle-class boys, but they were smaller and less consistent than age/grade differences, and somewhat greater at Grade 4. While most Grade 8 boys were able to pursue an inquiry, more middle-class boys seemed involved in the task in a positive and motivated way. Comp...
The effect of gravity on the resolution of small‐angle neutron diffraction peaks

The resolution ellipses for neutron diffraction peaks at small scattering vectors lie along lines that point to a position vertically above the beam center on the small-angle scattering detector. This gravity effect is only noticeable for neutron beams at long wavelengths and with large wavelength spreads.
The CP43 proximal antenna complex of higher plant photosystem II revisited: modeling and hole burning study. I.

The CP43 core antenna complex of photosystem II is known to possess two quasi-degenerate “red”-trap states (Jankowiak, R. et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 11805). It has been suggested recently (Zazubovich, V.; Jankowiak, R. J. Lumin. 2007, 127, 245) that the site distribution functions of the red states (A and B) are uncorrelated and that narrow holes are burned in the subpopulations of chlorophylls (Chls) from states A and B that are the lowest-energy Chl in their complex and previously thought not to transfer energy. This model of uncorrelated excitation energy transfer (EET) between the quasidegenerate bands is expanded by taking into account both electron−phonon and vibrational coupling. The model is applied to fit simultaneously absorption, emission, zero-phonon action, and transient hole burned (HB) spectra obtained for the CP43 complex with minimized contribution from aggregation. It is demonstrated that the above listed spectra can be well-fitted using the uncorrelated EET model, providing stro...
The origin of cyclical motion in dynamic economic models

This paper examines the origin of cyclical motion in a class of deterministic infinite horizon problems that arise in dynamic economics. For this class of problems the optimal solution converges to a unique equilibrium point. Conditions are given under which the motion in a neighbourhood of the equilibrium point is cyclical. These conditions involve certain asymmetric stock-flow interaction terms that arise in the local equations of motion about the equilibrium point. The results are used to show how cyclical motion can arise in a rational expectations equilibrium for a competitive industry.
There is no pimping at Harvard

As I slowly close the door on this part of my career—but keeping the peephole open—I feel that the timing is perfect, that it's time for a new generation to have their influence.
Recruitment variability and stochastic population growth of the soft-shell clam, Mya arenaria

Abstract Variability in recruitment is a striking feature of the life histories of most marine invertebrates and many fishes. The distribution of recruitment is typically lognormal rather than normal. It has been conjectured that such variation plays a major role in population growth of these species, but no complete stochastic demographic analysis has ever been reported. Here, we developed a set of deterministic and stochastic models for the clam, Mya arenaria. We constructed a size-classified, periodic matrix model to describe seasonal population dynamics, based on a mark-recapture study in Barnstable Harbor, MA, USA. In the deterministic model, an equilibrium recruitment rate of ERR = 19.4 recruits per adult was required to maintain constant population size. Periodic elasticity analysis showed that, at the ERR, fertility and larval survival accounted for 99% of the population growth rate λ . In a stochastic model with lognormally distributed recruitment, the stochastic growth rate log ⁡ λ s increased with increases in either E ( log ⁡ R ) or SD ( log ⁡ R ) . The positive effect of SD ( log ⁡ R ) is due to the highly skewed nature of the lognormal distribution. Variation in population size increases dramatically with increases in SD ( log ⁡ R ) , which makes it difficult to predict future population size. If variability in recruitment is high, quasi-extinction is nearly certain even when log ⁡ λ s is well above zero. Stochastic elasticity analysis shows that the contribution of adult growth and survival to λ s increases dramatically when recruitment is variable. These results suggest that, for marine invertebrates with a lognormally distributed recruitment pattern, the amount of uncertainty in recruitment should be positively associated with adult life span.
Fluorescence lifetimes of jet-cooled tryptophan: elimination of complications from 1 L a emission

Fluorescence lifetime measurements can be made on the decay of individual 'frozen' conformers of tryptophan analogs in supersonic gas expansions. These measurements have shown differences in single exponential lifetimes among conformers of a given analog, results which are strongly consistent with the presence of conformation-dependent charge transfer quenching. For jet cooled tryptophan, however, one of the conformers emits from 1La, thereby complicating any interpretation of the results. To remove this problem we considered tryptophan analogs with C-5 substituents, in which all the jet cooled conformers emit from 1Lb. We observed differences in conformer lifetimes similar to cases considered earlier. In the course of this work we discovered that, in contrast to tryptophan, 5- methoxytryptophan shows single exponential decay in solution. Based on additional data for jet cooled samples, we propose the most likely explanation to be substituent induced changes in conformer geometries and populations.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Lucas's theorem and some related results for extended pascal triangles

(1990). Lucas's Theorem and Some Related Results for Extended Pascal Triangles. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 97, No. 3, pp. 198-204.
Mass spectrometric and ultraviolet spectral studies on trimethylenecyciopropane prepared from independent sources—A confirmation of structure

Abstract Evidence is presented which demonstrates conclusively that trimethylene cyclo propane is a common product from three independent precursors. The mass spectral data are compared and contrasted with the data for benzene and points of contention in the literature are discussed with respect to infrared and ultraviolet data previously reported.
Exploring how girls navigate their embodied identities in physical education

Background: Educating adolescent girls about their bodies provides girls with the opportunity to make meaning of their embodied identities for themselves. Knowledge of, and understanding of, embodiment has the potential for adolescent girls to be empowered within the physical education context. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how adolescent girls articulate their embodiment and navigate their embodied identities within the public and private physical education context. Two research questions were addressed: (1) how do adolescent girls articulate their embodiment within the physical education context?; and (2) how do adolescent girls navigate and negotiate their socially constructed embodied identities within the public and private physical education context? Participants and setting: Participants were eight seventh grade girls in a same-gender and coeducational physical education class in a suburban middle school located in the Northeast, United States. Multiple data sources were used to...
Seafloor gas seeps triggered by a northern California earthquake

Abstract A series of marine surveys using high-resolution seismic-reflection and side-scan sonar profiling was conducted on the Klamath River delta from 1977 to 1985. In November 1980, near the middle of this 8-year time period, a major earthquake (magnitude 7) occurred in the area. The earthquake caused liquefaction of shelf deposits off the Klamath River, and while mapping the sediment failures, we observed an inordinate number of gas vents and acoustic anomalies in the sediment (gas charging) and water column (gas clouds). Our analyses indicate that a change in gas seepage occurred after the earthquake. There was a marked increase in gas abundance immediately after the earthquake, a gradual decrease over the next year, and stabilization at pre-earthquake gas levels within five years or less. The acoustic anomalies were observed in pre-Quaternary rocks as well as in surficial Holocene deposits, and gas seeps overlay truncated anticlines, faults, and syncline exposures. Thus, the gas released may have been in part thermogenic in origin. A large area (20 km 2 ) on the delta failed during the earthquake, and the abundance of gas seeps and craters in the area suggests that sediment degassing may have been an important process contributing to failure.
Combined action of cigarette tar and beta radiation on mice

Periodic beta irradiation from Sr/sup 90/ to distributed areas of the skin of mice in total doses of as much as 20,800 rep when applied concurrently with cigarette tar produces an additive effect in the production of epidermal carcinogenesis. There is no svidence of a synergistic effect between the two carcinogens. Radiation alone has little carcinogenic effect on the skin as applied under the conditions described. Groups with greater percentuges of malignant skin tumors have had shorter lives than those with smaller percentuges or without skin tumors. The percentage of tumors of the lung, leukemia, mamary- gland carcinoma, and hepatoma was greater in groups in which the percentage of malignant tumors of the skin was low. (auth)
Implementation of individualized patient education for Hispanic children with asthma

Abstract An educational program known as the Childhood Asthma Project (CAP) was implemented to reduce morbidity among Hispanic children with chronic asthma. Seventy-three children, ages 6–16, participated in 4 program phases: baseline assessment, one-on-one child-centered education, application, and maintenance. During baseline assessment, child and parent asthma beliefs and behaviors were evaluated and used to create educational modules on symptom recognition, peak flow meters, medications, and precipitating factors in Spanish and English. Children learned the importance of self-management, practiced using inhalers and peak flow meters and charted peak flow recordings. Videotapes provided peer modeling by showing Hispanic children with asthma performing self-management tasks. During the application phase, patients practiced self-management behaviors at home and reviewed progress with a nurse educator. During maintenance, the success of self-monitoring was reviewed at follow-up appointments. Recommendations for designing health education interventions for Hispanic children are provided.
Flow of K-BKZ fluids between parallel plates rotating about distinct axes: shear thinning and inertial effects

Abstract It has been shown that for any simple fluid, a flow field of the form u = –Ω[y - g(z)], v = Ω[x – f(z], w = 0, which is appropriate for modeling the flow in a orthogonal rheometer, is dynamically possible. The functions f(z) and g(z) depend on the choice of constitutive equation. In the present paper, these are calculated for a class of K-BKZ fluids which exhibit shear thinning. The results are then used to study the interaction of shear thinning and inertial effects on the flow field in an orthogonal rheometer.
Progress towards realization of a laser IFE solid wall chamber

The high average power laser (HAPL) program aims at developing laser inertial fusion energy (Laser IFE) based on lasers, direct drive targets and a solid wall chamber. The preferred first wall configuration is based on tungsten and ferritic steel as armor and structural materials, respectively. A key concern is the survival of the first wall under the X-ray and ion energy deposition from the fusion micro-explosion. The HAPL design and R&D effort in the chamber and material area is focused toward understanding and resolving the key armor survival issues. This includes modeling and experimental testing of the armor thermo-mechanical behavior in facilities utilizing ion, X-rays and laser sources to simulate IFE conditions. Helium management is addressed by conducting implantation experiments along with modeling of He behavior in tungsten. This paper summarizes the HAPL chamber activities. The first wall/armor configuration and design analysis are described, key chamber issues are discussed, and the R&D to address them is highlighted.
Transmission Disequilibrium Testing of the Chromosome 15q11-q13 Region in Autism

Lack of robust association between the 15q11-q13 SNPs and RRB phenotypes may be due to a small sample size and absence of more specific RRB measurement. Further investigation of the 15q11-q13 region with denser genotyping in a larger sample set may be necessary to determine whether this region confers risk to autism, indicated by association, or to specific autism phenotypes.
Purification of the flavin-containing monooxygenase from mouse and pig liver microsomes

The microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase has been purified from mouse and pig liver utilizing Cibacron-Blue Sepharose, Procion-Red agarose, and 2'5'-ADP Sepharose. The enzymes had a final specific activity of 1200 and 954 nmol/min/mg protein from mouse and pig liver respectively. The enzyme from both mouse and pig liver displayed typical flavoprotein spectra and appeared homogeneous by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Identifying elderly at greatest risk of inadequate health literacy: A predictive model for population-health decision makers

Abstract Background Despite concern that inadequate functional health literacy (FHL) is a widely prevalent problem and is associated with a variety of adverse health consequences, there is an absence of tools that population-health decision makers can use to efficiently identify those at risk of inadequate FHL. Objectives The objective of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for estimating FHL in the elderly, generate a national estimate of FHL, and assess the construct validity of the national estimate. Methods Using data from the largest study of FHL in the elderly, a multiple regression model to estimate FHL was developed and validated using common demographic predictors. Subsequently, the model was used to estimate FHL in the 65-year or older subgroup of the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS). Construct validity of the FHL estimate was assessed by evaluating the direction, magnitude, and significance of association with reported general functional literacy (GFL) proficiency in the 1992 NALS. Results A 20-variable model was derived ( R 2 =0.365). The model correctly classified 73.2% of the sample into the appropriate FHL category. National prevalence of inadequate and marginal FHL was estimated to be 39.2% and 5.2%, respectively. FHL was significantly correlated with prose, document, and quantitative dimensions of GFL at r =0.58 or higher ( P Conclusions This study was the first to quantitatively model and substantiate the high national prevalence of inadequate FHL in the elderly. The proposed quantitative model can be used in subsequent research to efficiently risk-stratify individuals by FHL level in large data sets to assess the relationships between FHL and health status, utilization, expenditures, and satisfaction. Furthermore, the model can be used to identify individuals at high risk of inadequate FHL, which will enable targeting of educational interventions that address FHL deficiencies.
Pleiotropic effects in the four jointedmutant of Drosophila melanogaster

Studies of the adult morphology of male D. melanogaster suggest that a shortening of body parts is the common aspect of the pleiotropic effects of fj (four jointed tarsi) on the development of the leg, wing, scutellum, distal parts of antenna, and one of three tergite segments measured. In the scutellum and distal antenna the only detected effect of fj is overall shortening, whereas local effects appear in leg and wing. Shortening of the leg is maximal (44%) at the proximal tarsal segments and absent at the distal two, confirming earlier studies. In the wing, total length is reduced 10% and maximum shortening (50%) occurs in the area between the anterior (ACV) and posterior (PCV) cross veins, while the proximal longitudinal veins are longer or unchanged. The effect of fj on wing width is small. Observations on cell density and bristle spacing also indicate that the strongest effect of fj is in the central area, between the ACV and PCV. We interpret the primary effect of fj to be a general reduction in the longitudinal growth pattern of many different imaginal discs. Secondary effects in the leg include a change in tarsal segmentation, followed by a bristle pattern change. In the wing, the angle of veins, bristle pattern on the subcosta vein, positions of ACV and PCV, and cell density variations are secondary effect of fj. A decrease in cell density on the wing surface between ACV and PCV may be related to a final stretching of wing tissue after the process of vein formation. Local effects are not seen in other discs which lack sequential regional patterning mechanisms emphasizing the effects of general shortening. The similarities in developmental aspects between leg and wing are discussed in relation to homoeotic changes by certain mutants.
Confirmation and application of transmission near infrared absorption technique for absolute quantitation of functional groups on silica gel

Abstract A transmission near infrared (NIR) technique has been demonstrated to be useful for the qualitative and quantitative measurements of silica surface functionalities. Confirmation of this method's quantitative capabilities has been performed using a newly developed deuterium-exchange method and the more established methods of tritium radiosotopic exchange and carbon analysis. This NIR technique has been utilized for the evaluation of surface modification reactions for reducing the silanol content of modified silicas. This effort led to the development of “direct butylation” as a promising method for deactivation of porous silica surfaces. Complementary surface characterization information was obtained using solid state NMR, BET adsorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry and gas chromatography.
Icosahedral representations and elliptic curves

In this paper we show a connection between icosahedral Artin representations of the rationals and elliptic curves. More specifically, we prove for each suitable elliptic curve defined over there is an associated icosahedral Artin representation defined over the rationals.
No relationship between handedness and sexual preference.

Self-reports of handedness and sexual preference were compared in a group of 89 University students out of 2500 pretested. No relationship was found between the two variables. These results are dis...