cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retention of prefabricated posts by cements and resins

7. Hansen EK: After-polymerization of visible light activated resin: Surface hardness \‘s. light source. &and J Dent Res 91:406, 1983. 8. Sperati CA, Franta WA, Starkweather HW: The molecular strnctnre of polyethylene: The effect of chain branching and molecular weight on physical properties. J Am Chem Sot 75~6127, 1953. 9. Billmeyer Jr FW: Textbook of Polymer Science. New York, 1962, Interscience Publishers, pp 221-226. IO. Asmusen E: Restorative resins: Hardness and strength vs. quantity of remaining double bonds. Stand J Dent Res 90:484, 1982. 11. Cook WD, Standish PM: Polymerization kinetics of resin-based restorative materials. J Biomed Mater Res 17:275, 1983.
Temporal and spatial variation in stocks of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper water column of the central Arctic Ocean

Abstract As part of the SHEBA/JOIS drift experiment, we continually analysed abundance and biomass of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbes in the upper 120 m of the water column of the ice-covered Central Arctic Ocean from November 1997 through August 1998. Microbial biomass was concentrated in the upper 60 m of the water column. There were low but persistent stocks of heterotrophic and autotrophic microbes during the winter months. Phytoplankton biomass began increasing when winter snow melted from the ice-pack in early June, after which there was a progressive decline of nitrate and silicate in the euphotic zone. We observed three distinct blooms over the summer. The initial bloom consisted of diatoms and phytoflagellates, mainly 2 μm-sized Micromonas sp.; the two subsequent blooms were dominated by the flagellated (non-colonial) Phaeocystis sp. The carbon:chlorophyll ratio of the phytoplankton was 31±11. Stocks of bacteria and heterotrophic protists approximately doubled during the growing season, increasing in tandem with increase in phytoplankton biomass. Increase in cell abundances of bacteria and of the phytoflagellate Micromonas over 40–50 d periods during the initial bloom period yielded estimates of realised growth rate of 0.025 d −1 for bacteria and of 0.11 d −1 for Micromonas . Heterotrophic protists included flagellates, ciliates, and dinoflagellates, with biomass divided nearly evenly between nanoplankton (Hnano, 0–20 μm) and microplankton (Hmicro, 20–200 μm) size classes.
1202 ABNORMAL GENITALIA IN MALES WITH SILVER-RUSSELL (SR) DWARFISM: A NOT INFREQUENT COMPLICATION

The patient to be described weighed 1210 gm at birth, with estimated (Dubowitz) gestation of 38 weeks. The mother had congenital hydrocolpos, hydronephrosis and bicornuate uterus. Length was 37 cm; head circumference 30 cm. There were hypoglycemia and thrombocytopenia in the neonatal period. The face was triangular, with the appearance of a large head and small chin, typical for SR dwarfism. The phallus was 2 cm long and was partially concealed by a rostral investment of scrotal folds. Testes were palpable bilaterally in the canals. Karyotype was 46,XY. Voiding cystourethrogram revealed a urethra with male configuration, as well as a 9 mm hypoplastic vagina posterior to the urethra. This is consistent with failure of Mullerian inhibiting factor to function in fetal life. Several patients with the SR syndrome have been found to have obstructive abnormalities of the GU system (Pediatrics 51:216, 1973). At 8 month follow-up the scrotum was almost flat, with only one testis barely palpable in the right canal. Literature review on both sexes with the SR syndrome revealed that 28% of documented cases were males with abnormal genitalia. Several reports described adequate masculinization at puberty. The latter finding is important to bear in mind when consideration is given to the possibility of assigning a female gender role if the penis is small.
Excess Noise in Bismuth Whiskers

Abstract Excess noise in Bi whiskers was measured as a function of temperature from 50 to 350 K. The noise is approximately 100 times larger than in films and nearly constant from 50 to 250 K where a sharp increase is observed. The noise did not disappear when dR dT was zero, nor was any correlation between the exponent of the inverse power law and the temperature found.
The El Niño and Southern Oscillation in the historical centennial integrations of the new generation of climate models

In this study, we compare the simulation of El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the historical integrations of 17 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models with corresponding observations. The mean state and ENSO variations are analyzed in both the atmosphere and ocean and it is found that most of the CMIP5 models exhibit cold (warm) biases in the equatorial (subtropical eastern) Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature that are reminiscent of the split intertropical convergence zone phenomenon found in previous studies. There is, however, a major improvement in the representation of the power spectrum of the Nino3.4 sea surface temperature variations, which shows that, as in the observations, a majority of the models display a spectral peak in the 2–7 year range, have a near-linear relationship with the displacement of the equatorial thermocline and exhibit a robust atmospheric response to ENSO variations. Several issues remain such as erroneous amplitudes in the Nino3.4 sea surface temperature spectrum’s peak and a width of the spectral peak that is either too broad or too narrow. It is also seen that most CMIP5 models unlike the observations extend the ENSO variations in the equatorial Pacific too far westward beyond the dateline and there is very little asymmetry in event duration between the warm and cold phases. ENSO variability forces a dominant mode of rainfall variability in the southeastern United States, especially in the boreal winter season. The CMIP5 exhibited a wide range of response in this metric with several displaying weak to nonexistent, some showing relatively strong, and one indicating excessively zonally symmetric teleconnection over the southeastern United States.
High temperature coefficient of resistance molybdenum oxide and nickel oxide thin films for microbolometer applications

Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) and nickel oxide (NiOx) thin films were deposited by reactive biased target ion beam deposition. MoOx thin film resistivity varied from 3 to 2000 Ω · cm with a temperature coefficient of re- sistance (TCR) from −1.7% to −3.2%∕K, and NiOx thin film resistivity varied from 1 to 300 Ω · cm with a TCR from −2.2% to −3.3%∕K, both easily controlled by varying the oxygen partial pressure. Biased target ion beam depos- ited high TCR MoOx and NiOx thin films are polycrystalline semiconductors and have good stability in air. Compared with commonly used vanadium oxide thin films, MoOx or NiOx thin films offer improved process control for resistive temperature sensors. © 2015 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) (DOI: 10.1117/1.OE.54.3.037101)
Assessing Renewable Energy Portfolio Futures with Multiple Perspectives: The Case of the Northwest US

Abstract Renewable energy has become a major driver for the federal and state governments. Many have received funds from recently announced programs. However there have been challenges in determining the optimum portfolio of energy alternatives. Multiple perspectives were operationalized through a prior assessment by the Office of Technology Assessment. Through additional literature review, a model was created to consider all factors and perspectives to be considered in developing a portfolio of renewable energy technologies. A limited demonstration with goal programming and scenarios was included. The case of the state of Oregon was used to demonstrate the approach.
Robust adaptive critic control of nonlinear systems using fuzzy basis function networks: An LMI approach

Abstract This paper proposes an adaptive critic tracking control design for a class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy basis function networks (FBFNs). The key component of the adaptive critic controller is the FBFN, which implements an associative learning network (ALN) to approximate unknown nonlinear system functions, and an adaptive critic network (ACN) to generate the internal reinforcement learning signal to tune the ALN. Another important component, the reinforcement learning signal generator, requires the solution of a linear matrix inequality (LMI), which should also be satisfied to ensure stability. Furthermore, the robust control technique can easily reject the effects of the approximation errors of the FBFN and external disturbances. Unlike traditional adaptive critic controllers that learn from trial-and-error interactions, the proposed on-line tuning algorithm for ALN and ACN is derived from Lyapunov theory, thereby significantly shortening the learning time. Simulation results of a cart–pole system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FBFN-based adaptive critic controller.
Interactions of nitrosonium salts with crown ethers

Interactions of nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate with 18-crown-6, 15-crown-5, and 12-crown-4 in dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and nitromethane have been probed by a combination of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and conductance measurements. The stoichiometrics of the crown ether-nitrosonium salt complexes were one mole of 18-crown-6 per mole of nitrosonium salt and two moles of 12-crown-4 per mole of nitrosonium salt in all solvents. For 15-crown-5, the one-to-one stoichiometry observed in acetonitrile and nitromethane changed to two moles of crown ether per mole of nitrosonium salt in dichloromethane. The nature of these complexes is discussed. Treatment of a solution of equimolar nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate and 18-crown-6 in dichloromethane with water produced hydronium hexafluorophosphate-18-crown-6 complex.
Species differences in auditory processing dynamics in songbird auditory telencephalon.

The caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of songbirds is a telencephalic area involved in the auditory processing and memorization of complex vocal communication signals. We used pure tone stimuli and multiunit electrophysiological recordings in awake birds to investigate whether the basic properties of song-responding circuits in NCM differ between canaries and zebra finches, two species whose songs are markedly different in their spectral and temporal organization. We found that the responses in zebra finch NCM are characterized by broad tuning and sustained responses that may facilitate the integration of zebra finch song syllables and call notes that are of long duration and have a broad harmonic structure. In contrast, we found that the responses in canary NCM show narrower tuning and less sustained responses over the time periods analyzed. These characteristics may contribute to enhanced processing of the narrow-band whistles, rapid trills, and steep frequency modulations that are prominent features of canary song. These species differences are much less pronounced in field L2, the direct thalamorecipient region that represents a preceding station in the central avian auditory pathway. NCM responses did not differ across sexes of either species, but field L2 did show wider tuning in zebra finch females relative to males. In sum, species differences in the response properties of NCM likely reflect selectivity for the acoustic elements of each species' vocal repertoire. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Justification, Deductive Closure and Reasons to Believe

By deduction, we often extend both our knowledge and our justified belief. Moreover, in achieving knowledge or justified belief of some proposition, we commonly acquire justification for believing many of its entailed consequences, such as at least some of those that self-evidently follow from it. These and related facts have led some philosophers to endorse strong closure principles, for instance: If a person, S, is justified in believing a proposition, p, and p entails q, then S is justified in believing q. Others have denied such principles, whether for justification or, with the appropriate additions, for knowledge. The debate continues. There is, however, this much consensus: there are difficult problems about the scope of closure, and epistemology should develop theories that can resolve them.
Time-Dependent Mars Entry Aeroheating Estimation from Simulated In-Depth Heat Shield Temperature Measurements

There are substantial uncertainties in the computational models currently used to predict the heating environment and the Thermal Protection System material response during Mars entry. Flight data are required to quantify and possibly reduce such uncertainties as well as improve current computational tools. The Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation suite will provide a comprehensive set of flight data that will include subsurface temperature measurements of its Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator heatshield at different locations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the time-dependent estimation of Mars Science Laboratory surface heating from simulated Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation temperature data using inverse methods in the presence of random and bias measurement and model errors. The surface heat flux is indirectly reconstructed by estimating the discretized heat transfer coefficient profile as a function of time. Whole-time d...
Alpha-Decay Properties of Some Thulium and Ytterbium Isotopes Near the 82-Neutron Closed Shell

The 84- and 85-neutron isotopes of Tm and Yb were produced by heavy-ion reactions on neutron-deficient rare-earth targets. These isotopes, which are 16 to 18 neutrons removed from the beta stability line, decay predominantly by alpha-particle emission. A search was made for proton emission in the decay of these nuclides and in ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{151}$ and ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{152}$, but none was observed. The alpha-decay properties of these nuclides were measured and compared with the systematics of alpha decay of the 84- and 85-neutron isotopes. Evidence was obtained for the existence of a long-lived alpha-emitting isomeric state in ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{154}$.
Heterogeneity of DNA in Density and Base Composition

Chromatography, on methylated-albumin columns, of DNA from calf thymus, mouse testis, and Bacillus subtilis, yielded, on elution by a sodium chloride gradient, fractions differing in density. The fractions eluted by higher sodium chloride concentrations had lower densities in a CsCl density gradient. Since DNA with higher guaninecytosine content is eluted from the column with lower concentration of sodium chloride and has higher density, the density heterogeneity of DNA is best interpreted as a result of heterogeneity of base composition. An extra band observed in calf-thymus DNA had a higher density than that of the main DNA; it was eluted at a lower concentration of NaCl, indicating a higher content of guanine and cytosine. On the other hand, an additional DNA component in the mouse-testis DNA had a lower density and also it was eluted at a lower salt concentration, possibly an indication of an unusual base component in its structure.
Spontaneous Raman scattering in ultrasmall silicon waveguides

We report spontaneous Raman scattering at 1550 nm in ultrasmall silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides of 0.098‐µm2 cross-sectional area. The submicrometer-scale dimensions provide tight optical confinement and, hence, highly efficient Raman scattering with milliwatt-level cw pump powers. The prospect of Raman amplification in such a deeply scaled-down waveguide device in the presence of various loss mechanisms, particularly free-carrier loss that arises from two-photon absorption, is discussed, and the feasibility of high-gain SOI-based fully integrated optical amplifiers is shown.
Ice‐wedge casts and relict polygonal patterned ground in North‐East Iowa, USA

Sediment-filled wedges and associated polygonal patterned ground occur in pre-Illinoian sediments in north-east Iowa. A total of 183 vertical to near-vertical wedge-shaped bodies of sand have been observed at 12 sites in Black Hawk County, Iowa, and 80 of them were examined in detail. The wedges average 105cm in width at their tops and about 190cm in depth. Infilling material is mostly sand, with pockets of silt, silty sand, and gravelly sand. Slump and subsidence features were also noted in some wedges. Loamy sediment about 1 m thick, with a stone line at its base, overlies the sediment-filled wedges and usually descends slightly into their upper parts. Based on their characteristics, these sediment-filled wedges are interpreted as ice-wedge casts. Supportive palaeoenvironmental studies in Iowa and adjacent states indicate that tundra conditions probably existed in places between 21,000 and 16,500 years BP, the coldest part of late Wisconsinan time. Mean annual air temperatures at this time may have been at least 14°C colder than at present. The degradation of permafrost and formation of ice-wedge casts must have occurred near the end of this episode of cold climate, which also promoted extreme erosion of the landscape in north-east Iowa. Aeolian and slopewash deposits later buried the erosion surface and the ice-wedge casts. Des structures en forme de coin disposees selon un reseau polygonal et remplies de sediments existent dans des formations pre-Illinois du nord-est de l'etat d'Iowa. Au total, 183 formes en coin verticales ou presque verticales ont ete observees dans 12 sites de la region de Black Hawk County et parmi celles-ci, 80 ont ete examinees en detail. Elles mesurent en moyenne 105cm de largeur a leur sommet et environ 190cm de profondeur. Les materiaux qui remplissent ces structures sont pour la plupart des sables avec des poches de silts, de sables silteux et de sables graveleux. On a remarque aussi des affaissements et des effondrements dans certaines structures. Des sediments limoneux d'environ 1 m d'epaisseur, avec a leur base un lit de cailloux, couvrent ces structures et le plus souvent descendent legerement dans les parties superieures de celles-ci. D'apres leurs caracteristiques, ces coins remplis de sediments apparaissent comme des fentes en coin fossiles. Des etudes paleoenvironmentales faites en Iowa et dans les etats voisins indiquent que les conditions de la toundra ont existe dans certains endroits entre 21,000 et 16,500 ans BP qui correspond a la periode la plus froide de la fin de l'epoque Wisconsinienne. Les temperatures moyennes de l'air a cette epoque etaient probablement au moins 14°C plus froides qu'a present. La degradation du pergelisol et la formation des formes en coin se sont produites presqu'a la fin de cet episode de climat froid, qui a contribue a l'erosion extreme de NE de l'Iowa. Des depots eoliens et des depots de pente ont enterre plus tard cette surface d'erosion et les fentes en coin fossiles qui s'y etaient developpees.
Uncoupling of the calcium-sensing mechanism and differentiation in squamous carcinoma cell lines.

Abstract Increases in the intracellular calcium (Cai) levels, induced either by extracellular calcium or by calcium ionophores, stimulate the terminal differentiation of normal human keratinocytes in culture (NHK). Despite extensive differences in phenotypic expression, squamous carcinoma cell lines (SCC lines) display only partial terminal differentiation even in the presence of normal extracellular calcium. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether the inability of SCC lines to differentiate normally is due to a defect in achieving adequate levels of Cai. Membrane-bound transglutaminase activity and involucrin levels of the various SCC lines were lower than those of NHK and correlated with their low extent of cornified envelope formation. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, acutely increased cornified envelope formation of NHK 60- to 70-fold, but only initiated a 1- to 5-fold increase in SCC lines. Yet resting Ca1 levels in and the Ca1 response to various agents of SCC lines were similar or higher than those of NHK. Extracellular calcium evoked a rapid, transient and a slower, sustained increase of Cai. Extracellular ATP increased Cai by a rapid release from intracellular sources. Ionomycin, on the other hand, increased Cai from both intracellular compartments and extracellular sources. Thus, these studies indicate that the abnormalities in differentiation among SCC lines do not appear to involve their calcium-sensing mechanism. An uncoupling of the Cai changes to the synthesis of the precursor molecules required for differentiation may be responsible for the defect in differentiation displayed by these SCC lines.
Social support among Latina immigrant women: bridge persons as mediators of cervical cancer screening.

New Latina immigrants face numerous linguistic, cultural, logistical, and material barriers to cervical cancer screenings. Promotoras (lay health advisors) are a proven strategy to promote utilization of care. Since the mid-1990s, interventions in North Carolina have aimed to connect Latina immigrants to a broader range of bridge persons. This study assessed the effect of bridge persons on utilization of cervical cancer screening by Latina immigrants in North Carolina. Women were recruited in Spanish-language churches in four counties (N = 223). Logistic regression results show that persons known through advocacy organizations appeared to increase probability of recent Pap screening by an average of 10.4 percentage points (p < 0.05).Promotoras remain more effective, increasing probability of screening by 12.9 percentage points (p < 0.05) but few women (14%) knew one. No association was found with other bridge person profiles. Interventions are needed to better engage all bridge persons in linking immigrants to preventive health services.
Clast size controls and longevity of Pleistocene desert pavements at Lathrop Wells and Red Cone volcanoes, southern Nevada

Formation of desert pavement and accretionary soils are intimately linked in arid environments. Well-sorted fallout scoria lapilli at Lathrop Wells (75‐80 ka) and Red Cone (ca. 1 Ma) volcanoes (southern Nevada) formed an excellent parent material for pavement, allowing infiltration of eolian silt and fine sand that first clogged the pore space of underlying tephra and then aggraded and developed vesicular A (Av) horizons. Variations in original pyroclast sizes provide insight into minimum and maximum clast sizes that promote pavement and soil formation: pavement becomes ineffective when clasts can saltate under the strongest winds, while clasts larger than coarse lapilli are unable to form an interlocking pavement that promotes silt accumulation (necessary for Av development). Contrary to predictions that all pavements above altitudes of !400 m would have been reset in their development after late Pleistocene vegetation advances, the soils and pavements show clear differences in maturity between the two volcanoes. This indicates that either the pavements and/or soils develop slowly over many tens of thousands of years and then are very stable, or, if they are disrupted by vegetation advances, subsequent pavements are re-established with successively more mature characteristics.
Sustained photosynthetic conversion of CO2 to ethylene in recombinant cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803

Ethylene is the most widely produced petrochemical feedstock globally. It is currently produced exclusively from fossil fuels, and its production is the largest CO2-emitting process in the chemical industry. In this study, we report on a photobiological process for sustained production of ethylene from CO2. The efe gene encoding an ethylene-forming enzyme from Pseudomonas syringae pv. Phaseolicola was previously expressed in cyanobacterial strains, but was not stable. We modified the gene sequence to enhance its stability, and expressed it in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, leading to continuous ethylene production. The same ethylene production rate was sustained across four successive sub-cultures without apparent loss of ethylene-forming ability. Up to 5.5% of the fixed carbon was directed to ethylene synthesis, surpassing the published carbon-partition rate into the TCA cycle. Nitrogen- and phosphorus-enriched seawater can support both growth and ethylene production. Factors limiting ethylene production, including efe expression levels, light intensity and nutrient status, were identified and alleviated, resulting in a peak production rate of 5650 μL L−1 h−1 (7125 μg L−1 h−1, 252 μmol L−1 h−1, or 171 mg L−1 day−1), which is higher than that reported for other algae biofuels and chemicals. This study suggests that Synechocystis, expressing the modified efe gene, has potential to be an efficient biological catalyst for the uptake and conversion of CO2 to ethylene.
Effects of src-deficiency on the expression of in vivo toxicity of TCDD in a strain of c-src knockout mice procured through six generations of backcrossings to C57BL/6 mice

Abstract The effect of TCDD was studied in c-src-deficient C57BL6-src tm1sor (N6 src −/−and −/+) mice, and their wild-type littermate mice (N6 src +/+). The former was created from the original strain of B6, 129-src tm1sor mice through six generations of backcrossings with C57BL6 mice. The results of a high dose TCDD toxicity tests in male mice indicated that N6 src−/+ mice were significantly less responsive to the toxic action of TCDD (115 μg/kg single i.p. injection) than N6 src+/+ mice in terms of reduced % body weight gain, the increase in the liver to body weight ratio, and the decrease in the adipose tissue to liver weight ratio and in the weight of pancreas. To understand the cause for these differential effects of TCDD we studied TCDD-induced changes in several biochemical parameters at day 10 and found that most drastically affected ones were glycogen depletion and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) downregulation. In addition, the degree of triglyceride accumulation in liver was less pronounced in N6−/+ than in N6+/+ mice. These findings suggest that the absence of c-src expression indeed affects the development of selected, TCDD-induced toxic endpoints that are related to wasting syndrome.
Luminescent sensing of organophosphates using europium(III) containing imprinted polymers prepared by RAFT polymerization.

Molecularly imprinted polymers capable of sensing organophosphorous compounds by luminescence have been prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The polymer contained a dithiobenzoate substituted tris(β-diketonate) europium(III) complex which served as a polymerization substrate and as a luminescent binding site for pinacolyl methylphosphonate (PMP), the hydrolysis product of the nerve agent Soman. The resultant polymer allowed quantitation of PMP in the low ppb range with minimal interference from similar compounds. Polymers were characterized by luminescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Enhancing Cell Adhesion and Confinement by Gradient Nanotopography

This work reports the design and use of a gradient nanotopography to enhance the resistance of mammalian cell adhesion on surfaces. The gradient nanotopography is prepared by depositing gold films on a glass microscope slide in a single azimuthal direction, but with continuous increase in the angle between the incidence of gold atoms and the normal of the surface. By forming patterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols into cell-adhesive regions (HS(CH2)14CH3) surrounded by cell-resistant areas (HS(CH2)12(OCH2CH2)3OH) on the gold film, the adhesion and confinement of albino 3T3 fibroblasts along the topographic gradient are studied. At the early stage of cell culture, cells adhere faster and reach confluency sooner on higher topographic regions (gold deposited at large incident angle) than on lower topographic regions (gold deposited at small incident angle). After cells proliferate to reach confluency within the patterns, the cells are confined in the high topographic regions up to 25 days,...
Serum Soluble Interleukin‐2 Receptor α Levels in Patients With Gynecologic Cancers: Early Effect of Surgery

PROBLEM: To determine the early effect of abdominal cytoreductive surgery on serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2R alpha) levels in patients with ovarian and cervical cancer, and to determine if the extent of cytoreduction correlated with the changes in serum sIL-2R alpha. METHOD: Thirty-nine patients with gynecologic cancer had serum sIL-2R alpha measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before abdominal cytoreductive surgery and once in the early postoperative period. RESULTS: Only patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer had elevated preoperative serum sIL-2R alpha levels. In 20 of 25 ovarian cancer cases (80%) and 10 of 14 cervical cancer cases (71.4%) the postoperative serum sIL-2R alpha levels exceeded the preoperative level (P = .003 and P = .011, respectively). Overall, the mean postoperative serum sIL-2R alpha level was greater than the preoperative level (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: Patients with early stage gynecologic cancer did not have elevated serum sIL-2R alpha levels before surgery. In the early postoperative period the serum sIL-2R alpha level was increased, which may be a nonspecific response to the trauma of surgery. Soluble IL-2R alpha may be one of the factors responsible for the immunosuppression in the early postoperative period, but may also herald a surge of activated T cells.
Up-regulation of twoCandida albicansgenes in the rat model of oral candidiasis detected by differential display

Abstract Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for the largest percentage of fungal-mediated oral and oesophageal disease. In this regard, knowledge concerning patterns of gene expression during the establishment and/or maintenance of infection may be the key to the design of new strategies for treatment, as well as providing insight into pathogenesis. To address this issue, experiments were performed that utilized differential display to compare the spectrum of C. albicans genes expressed during oral infection versus growth in in vitro culture. Experimentally, the rat model of oral candidiasis served as the in vivo source. After initiation of infection and subsequent harvesting of C. albicans from the rat oral cavity, RNA was isolated, and used with a small number of primers in reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and differential display experiments. Fragments unique to in vivo samples were subcloned and sequenced. Southern blot analysis verified the origin of seven fragments as from C. albicans . Additionally, specific RT-PCR confirmed that two of these fragments represented genes that were up-regulated during C. albicans in vivo growth in the rat model. Database searches indicated the fragments share homology with a member of the C. albicans agglutinin gene family and to a bacterial gene ( gidB ) possibly involved in cell division.
Corneal surgery for severe phacoemulsification burns.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the outcome of corneal surgery for the treatment of severe corneal phacoemulsification burns. Design Interventional case series. Participants Four patients with severe intraoperative phacoemulsification burns. Intervention One patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty and 3 underwent lamellar keratoplasties for the treatment of their corneal burns. Main outcome measures Preoperative and postoperative visual acuities, preoperative and postoperative corneal topographies, and clinical observation. Results The visual acuity (VA) after the phacoemulsification burn was counting fingers in all patients. One patient had a penetrating keratoplasty, whereas the other 3 had lamellar grafts. After the corneal surgery, the corrected postoperative VA was 20/30 to 20/50 in all patients, with astigmatism ranging from 2.5 to 5.5 diopters. Conclusion Severe phacoemulsification burns can be safely treated with corneal surgery, with acceptable postoperative visual acuities.
Characterization of low-loss magnetodielectric composites for antenna size reduction

RF applications like antenna miniaturization, call for low-loss impedance matched materials (epsivpsilar = mupsilar). In this paper we address the challenges in realizing these materials for antennas. After reviewing the fundamental properties of ferrimagnetics (domains, loss mechanisms) we provide measurements of their magnetic and dielectric properties. We also discuss ways for overcoming prevailing limitations associated with ferrites.
Designing Programs for Young Developmentally Disabled Children : A Family Systems Approach to Autism:

The design of programs for young developmentally disabled children is shaped by staff perceptions of the nature of the child's disability and the role of the parent. This paper contrasts two assumptions about the nature of autism and discusses the implications of each for parent services. A review of the literature reveals that a deficit model of parental pathology and definition of the parent as patient lack empirical support. The growing recognition of a biological etiology for autism is discussed and alternative definitions of the parent or family as the focus for intervention are pointed out. Research which supports a broader family systems approach is presented and implications for service delivery are discussed.
Status of superconducting magnet development (SSC, RHIC, LHC)

This paper summarizes recent superconducting accelerator magnet construction and test activities at the Superconducting Super Collider Laboratory (SSC), the Large Hardon Collider at CERN (LHC), and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven (RHIC). Future plans are also presented. >
Quantum phenomena in numerical wave propagation

The analysis of wave propagation in computing domains where hyperbolic equations are approximated with finite differences has revealed surprising analogies between this subject and quantum mechanics. The first part of this paper consists of a review of the corresponding phenomena and of their description with known results from numerical analysis and wave propagation theory. We then introduce a new formalism, containing a finite difference analogue of the classical Schrodinger equation, which describes the ensemble of those phenomena. The validity of the new formalism is verified by its agreement with known theoretical results in numerical wave propagation (it contains in fact many of those results) as well as with new data obtained in numerical experiments with monochromatic waves which display properties similar to those of Schrodinger's wavefunction for the quantum mechanics description of the equivalent experiments with physical particles. While the results of this paper are derived in the context of wave propagation in computing domains, they remain applicable to similar aspects of wave propagation in other (physical) periodic structures.
Expression of melatonin receptors in arteries involved in thermoregulation.

Abstract Melatonin binding sites were localized and characterized in the vasculature of the rat by using the melatonin analogue 2-[125I]iodomelatonin (125I-melatonin) and quantitative in vitro autoradiography. The expression of these sites was restricted to the caudal artery and to the arteries that form the circle of Willis at the base of the brain. The arterial 125I-melatonin binding was stable, saturable, and reversible. Saturation studies revealed that the binding represented a single class of high-affinity binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 3.4 x 10(-11) M in the anterior cerebral artery and 1.05 x 10(-10) M in the caudal artery. The binding capacities (Bmax) in these arteries were 19 and 15 fmol/mg of protein, respectively. The relative order of potency of indoles for inhibition of 125I-melatonin binding at these sites was typical of a melatonin receptor: 2-iodomelatonin greater than melatonin greater than N-acetylserotonin much much greater than 5-hydroxytryptamine. Norepinephrine-induced contraction of the caudal artery in vitro was significantly prolonged and potentiated by melatonin in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that these arterial binding sites are functional melatonin receptors. Neither primary steps in smooth muscle contraction (inositol phospholipid hydrolysis) nor relaxation (adenylate cyclase activation) were affected by melatonin. Melatonin, through its action on the tone of these arteries, may cause circulatory adjustments in these arteries, which are believed to be involved in thermoregulation.
Biocompatible Micellar Environment for Enzyme Encapsulation for Bioelectrocatalysis Applications

Chitosan, a biopolymer extracted from chitin, was deacetylated by treatment with 45% NaOH followed by autoclaving at 121 °C for a period of 20 minutes. The deacetylated chitosan was then hydrophobically modified via reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride and butanal. Glucose dehydrogenase was then co-cast with each polymer on glassy carbon rotating disk electrodes and analysis of mass transfer was executed. Amperometric concentration studies were also carried out to determine catalytic activity of the glucose dehydrogenase enzyme system. The diffusion coefficient governing transport through the air dried film was measured to be 1.42×10 cm/s and 1.08×10 cm/s for butyl modified chitosan and butyl modified deacetylated chitosan, respectively.
Embryology and Genetics

Abstract Dr. T. H. Morgan who received the 1933 Nobel Prize for his discoveries in the field of Genetics gives us in Embryology and Genetics the known relationship of genetics to embryology. This he is eminently fitted to do as his first field of research during the last decade of the nineteenth century was in embryology. Gradually as the years of the present century passed he turned his attention to the new biological science of genetics. In 1926 he published his Theory of the Gene; the first systematic analysis of the material units of heredity which are passed from parent to offspring. The Theory of the Gene was at first received with some hesitation by biologists; but gradually investigators in the field of genetics have proved the correctness of the theory. Dr. Morgan in his latest volume, Embryology and Genetics, points out the role which the genes play in somatogenesis. Since . . .
An in vitro biomechanical investigation of the mechanical properties of dynamic compression plated osteotomized adult equine tibiae.

Objective— To determine the monotonic mechanical properties of osteotomized adult equine tibiae stabilized with two dynamic compression plates (DCP) and to compare the mechanical properties with those of intact tibiae and in vivo loads. Study Design— The compressive, bending, and torsional mechanical properties of plated and intact tibiae were assessed in vitro. Animals or Sample Population— Twelve pairs of adult equine tibiae. Methods— Tibiae were loaded in axial compression, craniocaudal 3-point bending, or torsion in external rotation in a single cycle to failure. Mechanical properties were determined from load-displacement data. Results— Compared to intact tibiae, the mean yield load, failure load and stiffness of plated tibiae were significantly lower (P <.05) (compression and torsion); and the mean yield and failure bending moments, and bending stiffness, of the plated tibiae were lower (P <.075 for yield), or significantly lower, respectively. The mean compression and bending yield loads for plated tibiae were greater than in vivo loads. The mean torsional yield load for plated tibiae approximated the torsional load determined for the adult horse at a walk. Conclusions— Simple, anatomically reduced, DCP plated tibiae should have adequate strength to withstand immediate, postoperative in vivo compressive loads and bending moments placed on the tibia in vivo during immediate postoperative activities, however, may not have adequate torsional strength during immediate postoperative weight-bearing at a walk. Clinical Relevance— Additional supportive methods, to decrease torsional loads, may be beneficial in maintaining stability of plate repaired tibiae during recovery from anesthesia and postoperative healing.
Dynamic cardiorespiratory interaction during head-up tilt-mediated presyncope.

In 28 healthy adults, we compared the dynamic interaction between respiration and cerebral autoregulation in 2 groups of subjects: those who did and did not develop presyncopal symptoms during 70° ...
The Influence of Race in Police–Civilian Interactions: A Content Analysis of Videotaped Interactions Taken During Cincinnati Police Traffic Stops

Although the study of police–civilian relations has recently entered the intergroup communication arena, there are no studies of actual interactions between these social categories. In part to rectify that stark omission and guided by communication accommodation theory, 313 randomly sampled video recordings from police cars on traffic stops in Cincinnati, Ohio were content analyzed. The study revealed 3 key differences as a function of the officers’ and drivers’ races: (a) Black drivers were more likely to experience extensive policing during the stop; (b) the communication quality of White drivers was, on average, more positive than that of the Black drivers; and (c) officers’ communication behavior was more positive when the officer and driver were of the same race. These findings are consistent with public opinion data and their implications for theory are discussed.
Distributed Gauss-Newton method for node loclaization in wireless sensor networks

We present distributed algorithms for sensor localization based on the Gauss-Newton method. Each sensor updates its estimated location by computing the Gauss-Newton step for a local cost function and choosing a proper step length. Then it transmits the updated estimate to all the neighboring sensors. The proposed algorithms provide non-increasing values of a global cost function. It is shown in the paper that the algorithms have computational complexity of O(n) per iteration and a reduced communication cost over centralized algorithms.
Detaecting large-area optical fields using geometric fiber constructs

We demonstrate that two- and three-dimensional geometric constructs of flexible and lightweight photosensitive fibers may be designed to obtain the amplitude and phase of an optical field on unprecedented length scales.
Oxidative Phosphorylation in Mitochondria Isolated from Chronically Stressed Dog Hearts

Oxidative and phosphorylative activities were measured polarographically in mitochondria isolated from the right and left ventricles of normal and chronically stressed dog hearts. Chronic myocardial stress was produced experimentally by surgical procedures (combined tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary insufficiency, aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, Potts's anastomosis) and by inducing thyrotoxicosis. Experimental stress periods ranged from 332 to 608 days. Some of the dogs had overt symptoms of congestive heart failure at the time they were killed. Mitochondria isolated from the stressed hearts had abnormally high values for oxidative activity and respiratory control ratios when incubated in the presence of malate-pyruvate. In the presence of succinate, they had either normal or slightly elevated values for oxidative activity and respiratory control ratios. No differences were found between mitochondria from normal and stressed hearts with regard to the efficiency (ADP/O) of ox...
Nanomechanics and Chemistry of Caries-Like Lesions in Dental Enamel

Dental enamel lesions are formed by the demineralisation of dental enamel due to dietary and bacterial factors which lower the local pH. If progression of this demineralisation continues the enamel structure eventually fails giving rise to a cavity (carie). Fortunately, in the earliest stages this process is reversible and if the pH of the environment increases, ions such as calcium, phosphate and fluoride can diffuse back into the enamel to give an arrested lesion. Hence, the tooth's structural integrity is preserved. The use of artificially produced enamel caries allows the study of lesion formation under conditions of highly controlled demineralisation. This provides a fundamental insight into the process of caries formation in enamel. In this study human premolars have been treated with a lactic acid solution to create artificial “caries-like” lesions in the enamel on the buccal side of the teeth. In the test samples the lesions penetrated around 100 μηι into the enamel structure, accounting for approximately one tenth of the thickness of the enamel. Cross sections through the lesion were characterized with nanoindentation, electron probe micro-analysis and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. From the data obtained maps of both mechanical and chemical properties were plotted across the entire width of the lesions. The results show that the lesions have a significantly reduced hardness and elastic modulus in comparison to sound enamel. These changes in mechanical properties were found to correlate with a loss of calcium and phosphate from the structure. There was also evidence of a stronger, less demineralised layer of enamel close to the lesion's surface. This surface zone is suggestive of remineralisation within the lesion which is of importance with regards to preventing the lesion developing into a carie.
Public Perceptions and Support of Renewable Energy in North America in the Context of Global Climate Change

There is substantial interest in developing a coherent and effective North American renewable energy policy as a way to secure energy but also to mitigate global climate change. Based on surveys of the public in Canada, Mexico, and the United States, the article shows the levels of concern over climate change threats, perceived risk, knowledge of climate change policies, levels of uncertainty, and other perception factors to help understand the relationships between public perceptions and policy preferences for renewable energy. Results show national differences between the three countries in nearly all climate change perceptions, with Mexico reflecting the highest levels of concern and the United States the lowest. Mexico also shows the greatest support for renewable energy sources. However, the results show very high levels of uncertainty about climate change dimensions concerning risk, science, and knowledge and the effectiveness of policy approaches. The data demonstrate strong statistical correlations between risk perception factors and preferences for mitigation policies in the form of renewable energy policies.
Transition States of Vicinal Diamine-Catalyzed Aldol Reactions

The transition states of aldol reactions catalyzed by vicinal diamines are characterized with density functional calculations. It was found that a cyclic transition state involving a nine-membered hydrogen-bonded ring is preferred. The crown (chair–chair) conformations of the transition state account for the observed stereoselectivity of these reactions.