cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changes in oxidative patterns during dormancy break by warm and cold stratification in seeds of an edible fruit tree.

The transition from seed dormancy to germination is triggered by environmental factors, and in pomegranate (Punica granatum) seeds higher germination percentages are achieved by warm + cold stratification rather than by cold stratification alone. Our objective was to define the pattern of internal oxidative changes in pomegranate seeds as dormancy was being broken by warm + cold stratification and by cold stratification alone. Embryos isolated from seeds after 1-42 days of warm stratification, after 56 days of warm stratification + 7, 28 or 56 days of cold stratification, and after 1-84 days of cold stratification alone, were used in biochemical tests. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), proline, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and activities of the scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide enzyme and peroxidase in the embryos were assessed by colorimetric methods. Our results indicated that warm + cold stratification had a stronger dormancy-breaking effect than cold stratification (85% versus 50% germination), which may be attributed to a higher yield of H2O2, NO, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in warm + cold stratification. Furthermore, warm + cold stratification-induced H2O2 change led to greater changes (elevation followed by attenuation) in activities of the scavenging enzymes than that induced by cold stratification alone. These results indicated that restriction of the level of reactive oxygen species change within a positive and safe range by such enzymes promoted seed germination. In addition, a relatively strong elevation of proline during warm + cold stratification also contributed to dormancy breakage and subsequent germination. In conclusion, the strong dormancy alleviating effect of warm + cold stratification on pomegranate seeds may be attributed to the corresponding active oxidative change via H2O2, NO, proline, malondialdehyde, protein carbonylation and scavenging enzymes.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy and Endoscopic Management of Renal Calculi with Urinary Diversions

AbstractA total of 12 patients with urinary diversions had calculi in 15 kidneys managed initially by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) in 12 kidneys and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in 3. After 15 treatments with ESWL only 3 of the 12 kidneys (25%) became stone-free. Endoscopic procedures were used in 5 kidneys with fragments remaining after ESWL, and comprised percutaneous ultrasound lithotripsy in 2 and transstomal retrograde manipulations in 3. The 3 initial and 5 subsequent endoscopic procedures resulted in 6 of the 8 kidneys (75%) being stone-free. The poor results with ESWL are due to preexisting dilated upper urinary tracts and to immobility in obese myelomeningocele patients. Endoscopic procedures are the preferred method of treatment in these patients.
Mediating processes in schizophrenia. Towards a new dynamic psychiatry.

To paraphrase Kant, theory without data is mere intellectual play, but data without theory are blind. “Mediating Processes in Schizophrenia” is a topic demanding theory as well as data. Although the topic may seem limited in scope, it actually probes the causes of schizophrenia. The causes involved in ‘mediating processes’, however, are not the usually considered primary or distal causes of schizophrenia, such as genetics or early environment. Instead they are the more proximal causes – mechanisms that are closer to illness onset, exacerbation, or improvement. It is amazing how little attention is paid to this kind of cause.
Case 32: Shortening Postanesthesia Recovery Time After an Epidural. Is It Possible?

You are assigned to anesthetize a patient for a 30-min knee arthroscopy. The patient is a 38-year-old man, weight 75 kg, height 6′0, and ASA 1, and is scheduled to go home the same day. He is terrified of having a general anesthetic and would like a regional block. The surgeon feels that a lidocaine infiltration of the knee joint will not give sufficient analgesia and suggests a spinal or an epidural block. Since your experience with a sciatic/femoral block is limited, you do not discuss this option with the patient. The patient is agreeable to an epidural or spinal but states that he needs to be out of the hospital by 10 am. He is the first case of the day and you are seeing him at 7 am. You tell him that he may be in the recovery room for 2–3 h before being discharged from the hospital, as the recovery room staff has to follow standard criteria for discharge. You give him an epidural, which works fine. The surgery commences at 7:35 am. Unfortunately, the surgery takes longer than anticipated, and the time of arrival in the recovery room is 8:30 am. On arrival in the recovery room, the patient is awake, cooperative, and with 66% motor block according to Bromage scales [1]. (The scales state that inability to move toes, knees, or hips equals 100% motor block; ability to move toes but not knees equals 66% motor block; ability to partially move knees equals 33% motor block; ability to fully move knees equals no motor block.)
Predator–Prey Models

This chapter discusses the Predator–Prey model very carefully using graphical analysis tools. It shows the biolgically relevant model has a periodic solution and satisfies a type of nonlinear conservation law. MatLab tools specialized for this model are also introduced. It also shows how this model, adjusted for fishing rates, helps to explain fishery catch data from World War I.
Wat, poeta orficki

Wat, an orphic poet The most important context for many 20th century references to the myth of Orpheus and Eurydice remained Rilke’s poem Orpheus. Eurydice. Hermes (among others, Jastrun, Herbert, Milosz); the author of the article wonders whether Rilke was equally important for Aleksander Wat as the author of Wiersze somatyczne [Somatic poems] as well as Wiersz ostatni [A Final Poem]. A comparison of the first edition of Wiersze somatyczne (“New Culture”, 1957) with its first book publishing (also in 1957) inclines the author to pose a question, why is this first version much more dramatic, somehow more “orphic”: did Wat soften a book version of the poem due to personal reasons (a soften phase of the illness) or was it because of censorship’s intervension? Referring to Orpheus, the author also indicates significant painting contexts (Moreau, Delville, Redon) and sculpture contexts (Rodin); it becomes useful during Wat’s interpretation – his very pictorial illustration (e.g. in the poem Na wystawie Odilon Redona) is also “orphic”, full of blackness. Nevertheless, it seems that Wat’s orphic descent into blackness, inside oneself, into death is even more acute than Rilke’s – since Wat writes about himself, his own death and his own funeral (Wiersz ostatni).
Changes in Colorectal Cancer Screening Knowledge, Behavior, Beliefs, Self-Efficacy, and Barriers among Community Health Clinic Patients after a Health Literacy Intervention

Objective: The objective in this pre- and post-survey assessment was to compare the effectiveness of a health literacy-directed intervention designed to increase knowledge, beliefs, barriers, self-efficacy and behavior associated with CRC screening with FOBT among patients cared for in predominantly rural community clinics and the change in these characteristics over the first 15 months after enrolling in a study designed to assess screening strategies. Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, a quasi-experimental intervention was conducted in 8 predominantly rural Federally Qualified Health Centers. Patients were orally administered a 15-minute survey at enrollment by a clinic research assistant (RA) and at 15 months by phone by a central RA. Participants included 428 community clinic patients aged 50-85 (mean 58.5); the majority (79%) were female, 69% were African American, and 54% had limited health literacy. Results: There was significant improvement across all groups with the number of patients reporting they had been given information /education on CRC testing (p<0.0001), been given an FOBT kit (p<0.0001), and completed an FOBT (p<0.0001) with significant improvement in having a doctor recommendation in all groups except usual care. Confidence in an FOBT’s potential to decrease chances of dying from CRC improved across all groups as well (p<0.002). In addition, patients ‘belief that they would get CRC in their lifetime’ decreased across all groups postintervention (p<0.03) as did their worry that they may find out they have CRC (p<0.04). Conclusion: Overall these low income FQHC patients who were not up-to-date with screening had heard of CRC screening, had positive attitudes toward screening and wanted to know if they had cancer. Results demonstrate the value of giving patients a recommendation and a kit; patients in all groups reported significant increases at 15 months in completing CRC screening (>83%) as confirmed by study records.
The blind men and the elephant: Identification of a latent maltreatment construct for youth in foster care☆

Child maltreatment is a major public health concern due to its impact on developmental trajectories and consequences across mental and physical health outcomes. Operationalization of child maltreatment has been complicated, as research has used simple dichotomous counts to identification of latent class profiles. This study examines a latent measurement model assessed within foster youth inclusive of indicators of maltreatment chronicity and severity across four maltreatment types: physical, sexual, and psychological abuse, and neglect. Participants were 500 foster youth with a mean age of 12.99 years (SD=2.95years). Youth completed survey questions through a confidential audio computer-assisted self-interview program. A two-factor model with latent constructs of chronicity and severity of maltreatment revealed excellent fit across fit indices; however, the latent constructs were correlated 0.972. A one-factor model also demonstrated excellent model fit to the data (χ2 (16, n=500)=28.087, p=0.031, RMSEA (0.012-0.062)=0.039, TLI=0.990, CFI=0.994, SRMR=0.025) with a nonsignificant chi-square difference test comparing the one- and two-factor models. Invariance tests across age, gender, and placement type also were conducted with recommendations provided. Results suggest a single-factor latent model of maltreatment severity and chronicity can be attained. Thus, the maltreatment experiences reported by foster youth, though varied and complex, were captured in a model that may prove useful in later predictions of outcome behaviors. Appropriate identification of both the chronicity and severity of maltreatment inclusive of the range of maltreatment types remains a high priority for future research.
Treatment of an Acute Limb Due to Inferior Vena Cava Filter Thrombosis.

A 55-year-old man presented with profound unilateral right leg swelling. Approximately 1 month before, he had suffered a pulmonary embolism complicated by bleeding on anticoagulation, prompting placement of a retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter. On this admission, ultrasound evaluation
Robust unmixing using consensus analysis

Spectral unmixing is a challenging, ill-posed, inverse problem. Many algorithms have been proposed for robust, stable, and accurate unmixing solutions. Different algorithms have different modes of operation and usually yield different results. Moreover, most of them require specifying the number of endmembers to be extracted before hand. We propose using consensus analysis on multiple unmixing results to find the “optimal” endmembers in the data. We run multiple unmixing algorithms, using different numbers of endmembers, and combine the results using consensus analysis. The claim is that actual endmembers will have a consensus among all runs. Using simulated and real hyperspectral data, we show that the proposed approach identifies robust endmembers.
Comparative Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Paradoxically, advances in anti-retroviral therapy that has increased survival for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have resulted in greater numbers of HIV+ patients developing other chronic diseases, including obesity. Little comparative literature exists detailing perioperative or metabolic outcomes of bariatric surgery in the HIV+ population compared to HIV negative (HIV−) controls. This is a retrospective case-control study with both HIV+ (case) and HIV− control patients. Individuals undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015 were included. HIV+ status was defined as any individual with documented history of HIV. Eleven HIV+ patients underwent RYGB or SG during the study period. After matching (1:5 HIV+: HIV−) both cohorts had similar mean age (42 years), gender distribution (63% female), and preoperative BMI (48 kg/m2), as well as comorbidities. There were no differences in postoperative length of stay, or all cause 30-day morbidity. There were 63.7% HIV+ and 76.4% with 1-year follow-up available. Both percent excess weight loss (56% HIV+ vs. 60% HIV−) and BMI (32 HIV+ vs. 34 kg/m2 HIV−) were similar in both groups. There were minimal changes to CD4 count or HIV viral load in the patients during the follow-up period. Bariatric surgery is safe and feasible in HIV-infected population well controlled on anti-retroviral medication. The short-term surgical and metabolic outcomes are similar to HIV− controls with minimal effect on the CD4 count and viral load in HIV+ cohort for long-term follow-up.
Prison–Industrial Complex

The term “prison–industrial complex” is used to describe a network of individuals, organizations, and social institutions involved with the incarceration of millions of Americans. This term began to be used in the 1970s as a consequence of several public policies, including the “war on drugs” and the “Three Strikes and You're Out” rule. The individuals, organizations, and social institutions involved in the prison–industrial complex include law enforcement officials, courts, and correctional facilities, but also include under-resourced schools, private corporations, and state and local governments. The prison–industrial complex is a multibillion-dollar industry that often harms instead of helps efforts to protect individual rights and to maintain public safety and order. Keywords: crime; drug enforcement; exploitation; police; prison; race
Is the world ready for a woman coaching a top male athlete? Analysis of online reactions to Mauresmo's appointment as Murray's coach

Abstract After becoming one of the first tennis players (male or female) to come out as gay, Amelie Mauresmo once again broke down barriers when in retirement she started coaching men. This paper explores the public's reaction to the announcement of Mauresmo as Andy Murray's coach by using a thematic qualitative content analysis to study online comments made on Yahoo! in the US, France (Mauresmo's country), and the UK (where Scotsman Murray is from). Its purpose is to investigate the public's reaction to Mauresmo's appointment, and how her biological sex, gender and sexuality came into play, if at all. Results indicated that hegemonic masculinity is still omnipresent in the sport culture, and the disparaging humor toward both women and gay people is sometimes used as an attempt to make that hegemonic masculinity more acceptable.
The Client-Consultant Interaction

Before discussing client expectations (Sect. 4.2) and interactions along the different phases of a project (Sects. 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.6), it may be useful first to clarify what the nature of the relationship is between a consultant and his/her client. Different types of relationships have been articulated in the literature. As you will see, the nature of the relationship depends on the context and most particularly on the client’s perception of what represents success in a consultancy. The consultant should thus beware of these different perceptions and adapt to the situation.
Coherence and interpretation in English texts

A theory and system are described for the semantic analysis of complex, coherent English texts. The principal question addressed in this paper is how the meanings of the smaller elements of language compose into the meanings of larger stretches of text. Within sentence boundaries, this is achieved by an operation, called predicate interpretation, which provides a mechanism for general words, especially those having a spatial flavor, to acquire specific interpretations in context. Eeyond sentence boundaries it is achieved by an operation which matches successive sentences against a small number of common patterns and builds up a tree-like structure representing the text's patterns of coherence. In isolation, words and sentences do not have specific meanings so much as they have the potential for acquiring a variety of specific meanings in particular contexts. In this paper we ask how the meanings of the smaller elements of language compose into the meanings of larger stretches of text. The answers proposed come out of work on an inferencing system being developed for the Semantic Analysis of complex, coherent Texts in English (called SATE). This system is intended to be general and is being applied to sets of directions (Hobbs 1975), algorithm descriptions (Hobbs 1977), and complex expository texts (Hobbs 1976b). Section 1 of this paper briefly describes the system and the collection of world knowledge axioms it rests on. Section 2 considers the question within sentence boundaries, addressing the problems of how words should be defined, how context influences the meanings of words, and how metaphors are to be interpreted. Sections 3 and 4 discuss how the relations between sentences can be discovered and hence how the structure of paragraph-length texts can be built up.
Factors associated with additional time dental hygienists spent on educating patients with diabetes.

Aims To investigate what dental hygienists' practice characteristics and oral health topics are associated with additional time dental hygienists spent on educating patients with diabetes. Methods A one-page survey was mailed to 2237 registered dental hygienists in South Carolina. Survey questions focused on perceptions of dental hygienists regarding their oral health preventive education for patients with diabetes. After two follow-up mails, we received 995 usable questionnaires. Results Multivariable logistic regression modeling showed dental hygienist respondents who spent additional time educating patients with diabetes about oral health felt they had adequately covered the topics on effects of periodontal disease related to diabetes, effects of uncontrolled diabetes on periodontal disease, and nutrition and dietary counseling. In addition, a higher number of patients with diabetes treated per week, and a shorter recall interval for patients were also associated with more likelihood of respondents spending additional time educating patients with diabetes. Conclusion Results suggest that the additional time that dental hygienist respondents spent on educating patients with diabetes was related to oral health issues associated with diabetes, not just repetition of routine oral hygiene and plaque control instructions.
Nitric oxide decreases the sensitivity of pulmonary endothelial cells to LPS-induced apoptosis in a zinc-dependent fashion.

We hypothesized that: (a) S-nitrosylation of metallothionein (MT) is a component of pulmonary endothelial cell nitric oxide (NO) signaling that is associated with an increase in labile zinc; and (b) NO mediated increases in labile zinc in turn reduce the sensitivity of pulmonary endothelium to LPS-induced apoptosis. We used microspectrofluorometric techniques to show that exposing mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC) to the NO-donor, S-nitrosocysteine, resulted in a 45% increase in fluorescence of the Zn2+-specific fluorophore, Zinquin, that was rapidly reversed by exposure to the Zn2+ chelator, NNN‘N’-tetrakis-(2pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine; TPEN). The absence of a NO-mediated increase in labile Zn2+ in MLEC from MT-I and -II knockout mice inferred a critical role for MT in the regulation of Zn2+ homeostasis by NO. Furthermore, we found that prior exposure of cultured endothelial cells from sheep pulmonary artery (SPAEC), to the NO-donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) reduced their sensitivity to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced apoptosis. The anti-apoptotic effects of NO were significantly inhibited by Zn2+ chelation with low doses of TPEN (1011M). Collectively, these data suggest that S-nitrosylation of MT is associated with an increase in labile (TPEN chelatable) zinc and NO-mediated MT dependent zinc release is associated with reduced sensitivity to LPS-induced apoptosis in pulmonary endothelium. (Mol Cell Biochem 234/235: 211–217, 2002)
Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins Using Optical Fiber-Based Biosensor

Botulinum neurotoxins, produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum, are the most toxic poisons known to man. The neurotoxins are food poisons. Once ingested, the neurotoxin is absorbed through the intestinal mucosal layer into the blood stream. It acts at the neuromuscular junction to inhibit the release of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) from nerve endings (Simpson, 1989). The result is the dreaded botulism disease, which is manifested by flaccid muscle paralysis.
Structural Reorganization of Parallel Actin Bundles by Crosslinking Proteins: Incommensurate States of Twist

We construct a coarse-grained model of parallel actin bundles crosslinked by compact, globular bundling proteins, such as fascin and espin, necessary components of filapodial and mechanosensory bundles. Consistent with structural observations of bundles, we find that the optimal geometry for crosslinking is overtwisted, requiring a coherent structural change of the helical geometry of the filaments. We study the linker-dependent thermodynamic transition of bundled actin filaments from their native state to the overtwisted state and map out the “twist-state” phase diagram in terms of the availability as well as the flexibility of crosslinker proteins. We predict that the transition from the uncrosslinked to fully-crosslinked state is highly sensitive to linker flexibility: flexible crosslinking smoothly distorts the twist-state of bundled filaments, while rigidly crosslinked bundles undergo a phase transition, rapidly overtwisting filaments over a narrow range of free crosslinker concentrations. The critical stiffness which divides these two regimes is determined by the stiffness of the actin filament to torsional deformation. Additionally, we predict a rich spectrum of intermediate structures, composed of alternating domains of sparsely-bound (untwisted) and strongly-bound (overtwisted) filaments. This model reveals that subtle differences in crosslinking agents themselves modify not only the detailed structure of parallel actin bundles, but also the thermodynamic pathway by which they form, thereby allowing different cell types to modulate the sensitivity of bundle formation to crosslinker availability by altering properties of the crosslinking proteins alone.
Improving the flotation performance of an oxidized bituminous coal source

Abstract Numerous studies have been conducted describing the challenges with oxidized coal flotation. Common industrial collectors such as fuel oil are typically ineffective under natural conditions for the flotation of oxidized coal sources such as the Coalburg seam from the Central Appalachia coalfields of the U.S. Low plant flotation recovery values of less than 30% were realized in part due to the weak surface hydrophobicity and the clay coating that results from a reduced isoelectric point of the coal and low slurry pH values. Elevated pH values and the use of a model collector containing carboxylic groups improved flotation recovery values by nearly 45 absolute percentage points. Operating at pH values around 7.5 to disperse the clay slimes and provide more surface active dimer complexes produced from a carboxyl collector resulted in excellent flotation recovery values for a hard-to-float coal. Due to the frothing properties of the carboxyl collector, column flotation with froth washing was needed to provide product ash values as low as 7.5%.
Achieving Net Zero Energy Greenhouses by Integrating Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells

Summary Greenhouses vastly increase agricultural land-use efficiency. However, they also consume significantly more energy than conventional farming due in part to conditioning the greenhouse space. One way to mitigate the increase in energy consumption is to integrate solar modules onto the greenhouse structure. Semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) are particularly attractive given that their spectral absorption can be tuned to minimize the attenuation of sunlight over the plants photosynthetically active spectrum. Here, the benefits of integrating OSCs on the net energy demand of greenhouses within the U.S. are determined through a detailed energy balance model. We find that these systems can have an annual surplus of energy in warm and moderate climates. Furthermore, we show that sunlight reduction entering the greenhouse can be minimized with appropriate design. These results demonstrate that OSCs are an excellent candidate for implementing in greenhouses and provide an opportunity to diversify sustainable energy generation technology.
Landau levels in strained two-dimensional photonic crystals

The principal use of photonic crystals is to engineer the photonic density of states, which controls light-matter coupling. We theoretically show that strained two-dimensional photonic crystals can generate artificial electric and magnetic fields that act on light and we show that particular strain patterns give rise to highly degenerate Landau levels. Since photonic crystals are not in general described by tight-binding models, we employ a multiscale expansion of the full continuum wave equation. Using numerical simulations, we observe dispersive Landau levels which we show can be flattened by engineering a pseudoelectric field. Artificial fields yield a design principle for aperiodic nanophotonic systems.
Chapter 4 – Deviated wellbores

Fracture initiation and propagation from a deviated wellbore is analyzed in this chapter. It is demonstrated that mini-fractures are initiated at the tension zone of the wellbore, and the fracture propagates in a direction perpendicular to the minimum in situ stress.
A Review of Imaginary Companions and Their Implications for Development

A curious childhood phenomenon that has received relatively little attention in developmental literature is the imaginary companion (IC). Increased recognition of the importance of imaginative play...
Page Kidney: A Secondary Cause of Hypertension

Page kidney is a rare cause of secondary hypertension in adults that occurs due to extrinsic compression of the kidney due to a subcapsular collection, such as a hematoma or urinoma. Usually these subcapsular formations are a result of trauma to the kidney such as from a biopsy or motor vehicle accident. Here we present a case of a 61-year old African American male who presented to the hospital with worsening shortness of breath for 2 days, a blood pressure of 203/156, and a BNP of 206. He was admitted and treatment was begun for diastolic congestive heart failure and hypertensive emergency. Clinically, he was improving but his systolic blood pressure continued to be in the 150’s despite multiple blood pressure medications. Due to this difficulty in controlling blood pressure and a negative renal ultrasound, an abdominal CT scan with contrast was ordered and revealed a subcapsular fluid collection indenting the lateral margin of the left kidney measuring approximately 7.1 x 5.4 x 2.3 cm that was suggestive of a Page kidney per radiology. Upon further history taking it was found that the patient has had received extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for nephrolithiasis in past several months which is a known risk factor for subcapsular hematoma formation. Ultimately it was determined that this subcapsular hematoma was resolving on its own and no intervention was needed other than follow-up as an outpatient. We feel this case is noteworthy for not only being a presentation of a Page kidney, but also demonstrates the importance of considering a secondary cause to hypertension in patients with difficult to control hypertension.
Understanding 'India Way' From 'Blue Ocean Strategy' Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the business practices prevalent in Indian enterprises, which is described as the “India way” by Cappelli, Singh, and Useem (2010),and understand how their unique business practices and situations bestow them with distinctive advantages in innovations. It uses the concepts of “blue ocean strategy” (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 and 2005a) and “disruptive innovation” (Christensen, 1997) for understanding aspects Indian business practices. Our analysis shows that the Indian businesses’ abilities to function in the face of lots of hurdles, such as lack of resources and entangled bureaucratic red tapes, plus their interest in contributing to the improvements of lives of general mass provide them with unique opportunities to innovate.
Native mammals lack resilience to invasive generalist predator

Abstract Invasive predators have caused catastrophic declines in native wildlife across the globe. Though research has focused on the initial establishment, rapid growth, and spread of invasive predators, our understanding of prey resilience to established invasive predators remains limited. As a direct result of invasive Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus), medium- to large-bodied native mammals decreased drastically across much of southern Florida as early as 2003. By 2014, most of these mammal species were exceedingly rare within the core invasion area, while pythons expanded outward to newly invaded areas. We used python observations to delineate the core python invasion area from the more recently invaded invasion front, and we compared changes in mammal occurrence from 2014 to 2019 between these two areas. We surveyed mammal communities using camera traps and scat surveys and used these observations to quantify the changes in occurrence among mammal species. As expected, occurrence of medium- and large-bodied mammals declined within the invasion front. However, contrary to our expectation, we observed little evidence of resilience among mammals within the invasion core. Of the 15 species detected in 2019, invasive black rats were the only species to increase in occurrence within the invasion core. Additionally, we observed declines in occurrence among native rodents within the invasion core, which were previously thought to be resistant to the effects of pythons. The continued presence of invasive pythons appears to be shifting the diverse mammal communities of southern Florida to one primarily composed of invasive species.
Removing Well-Fixed, Collared and Noncollared Tapered Hip Stems Without an Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy Using a Novel Stem Removal System.

Abstract Improvements in materials, components, and surgical techniques in cementless total hip arthroplasty are resulting in improved femoral stem fixation through bony ongrowth or ingrowth. While improved femoral stem fixation is one reason for the current excellent total hip survivorship, indications for stem removal such as infection, implant fracture, or osteolysis remain. A commonly used technique for fully ingrown femoral stems is an extended trochanteric osteotomy which can result in comminuted fractures of the proximal femur during stem removal requiring additional fixation. Therefore, a novel hip stem removal was developed to facilitate removal of these well-ingrown stems without the need for an extended trochanteric osteotomy. This study describes the removal system and surgical technique and presents a case series of successfully removed ingrown stems.
Flexible Hybrid Semiconductor Membrane Photonic Devices Based on Micro Transfer Printing Process

Free-space coupled membrane photonic devices are highly desirable for 3D optical interconnects, free space communications, imaging, sensing, and ranging applications. Based on micro transfer printing (μTP) processes, heterogeneously integrated active photonic crystal devices can be built on the common silicon platform.
Circadian Rhythms, The Gut Microbiome, and Metabolic Disorders

Abstract The circadian clock and gut microbiome play integral roles in preserving metabolic homeostasis. Circadian rhythms represent an endogenous time-keeping system that regulates cell and organ functions and synchronizes physiology with external cues to establish metabolic homeostasis. A variety of functions throughout the gastrointestinal tract and liver are under circadian control, including nutrient transport, processing, and detoxification. The gut microbiota also plays an essential role in host metabolism, regulating processes such as digestion, inflammatory modulation, and bile acid metabolism. Both the circadian clock and the gut microbiota influence each other in a reciprocal fashion, as gut dysbiosis can precipitate circadian asynchrony, and vice-versa. Disruption of either system impacts homeostasis in a bidirectional manner and can contribute to metabolic dysfunction. Evidence suggests such disruptions can lead to the development of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, NAFLD, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. This review will provide a basic overview of the circadian and gut microbial systems, how they are intertwined, and their impact on the liver and gastrointestinal tract and in the development of metabolic disease. Particular areas of discussion will include epigenetic regulation of circadian pathways as well as a mechanistic overview of microbial dysbiosis In addition, therapeutic targets of these systems, including dietary modifications, behavioral modifications, and microbial-directed therapies, will be explored.
Neurological Manifestations Of Erdheim Chester Disease: A Case Series Of 3 Patients (P3.145)

OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of a rare disorder, Erdheim Chester disease (ECD), with neurological manifestation BACKGROUND: ECD is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by multifocal osteosclerotic lesions of the long bones of the body. It9s frequently associated with complications of bone, heart and lungs. Neurological complications can occur in upto 40[percnt] of the cases, and is commonly associated with orbital lesions, diabetes insipidus, cerebellar symptoms, headaches, cord compression, mental status changes, seizures, and change in libido. DESIGN: We report 3 cases with ECD that presented with neurological manifestations at the VA Greater Los Angeles neurology clinic. Two of the cases had brain parenchymal involvement and the third case had an orbital lesion. RESULTS: A 63 year old man presented with progressive neurological and systemic ailments of six month duration. His symptoms included seizures, worsening diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria and weakness on the left side of his body. His MRI showed diffuse contrast enhancing medial temporal and brainstem lesions. Bone scans and biopsies later confirmed the diagnosis of ECD. The second patient was a 29 year old man with gradually progressive diplopia, dysarthria and gait ataxia. FLAIR and T2 weighted MRI revealed hyperintensities in the left frontal and brainstem regions. The third patient was a 45 year old man with systemic complains. Neurological examination revealed difficulty with vision and MRI confirmed orbital lesion involving the optic nerve. CONCLUSION: We describe three cases of a rare disorder that presented with a neurological manifestation. Two of these patients received chemotherapy and third patient died due to refusal of any treatment. CNS involvement of ECD is a major complication, which is often rapidly progressive and confers a poor prognosis. Treatment is challenging due to poor CNS penetrance of the commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. Early detection can help in appropriate management. Disclosure: Dr. Trikamji has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mishra has nothing to disclose.
Adult-Onset Asthma

Asthma in adults is composed of a complex group of reversible airway disorders in contrast to childhood asthma that is largely allergic in nature. Adult-onset asthma may be recently acquired in adulthood or represent various stages of long-standing disease. Atopic adults may carry the genotype of childhood asthma symptomatically into adulthood only to have the phenotype finally expressed because of a powerful trigger, e.g., specific aeroallergen(s) or infection. Approximately 31 million Americans suffer from asthma. The majority of patients (71%) are adults, whereas fewer than 29% (8.9 million) are children less than 18 yr of age. More women than men are affected with severe adult-onset asthma. Estrogen replacement therapy, respiratory infection with Chlamydia or Mycoplasma, certain occupations, tobacco smoking, gastroesophageal reflux, obesity, and sleep disorders are important risk factors and comorbid conditions. Asthma and active cigarette smoking interact to cause more severe symptoms, accelerated decline in lung function, and impaired short-term therapeutic response to corticosteroids (CSs). Simple spirometry, e.g., forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), detect expiratory flow limitations and lung volumes. Demonstration of reversible obstructive airways disease with spirometry after using albuterol or ipratropium in an adult older than 18 yr old does not alone diagnose adult-onset asthma. Methacholine challenge testing to exclude abnormal airway hyperresponsiveness is safe in adult-onset asthma patients with FEV1 greater than 70% predicted. High doses of inhaled CSs should be avoided in adult-onset asthma, particularly in the elderly or those with late-onset asthma. The addition of long-acting β2-agonists or antileukotriene drugs is preferable to using high doses of inhaled CSs. All patients using β2-agonists should be monitored for adverse effects, including paradoxical bronchoconstriction. Given their demonstrated benefit in conditions such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, and hypertension, cardioselective β1-blockers should not be withheld from adults with mild-moderate reversible airway disease. Patient adherence with prescribed asthma therapy is poor, and it is clearly the overwhelming explanation for poor control of asthma in adults, leading to exacerbations and hospitalizations. Compared with younger hospitalized adults, older hospitalized adults had clear deficiencies, including lower use of peak flow meters and worse asthma self-management knowledge. Factors independently associated with hospitalization included being female, nonwhite, less educated, and less physically healthy and more frequent asthma symptoms. Chronological age was not an independent risk for hospitalization. Appropriate care for older adults with asthma should address asthma symptoms as in children and younger adults.
Comparison of the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties from internet and local retail markets.

This study evaluated the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties sold at local (Virginia) and Internet (U.S.) retail markets. A total of 152 ground beef products, consisting of locally purchased raw ground beef (LRG) and frozen beef patties (LFP) and Internet-procured frozen ground beef (IFG) and frozen beef patties (IFP), were tested. Results showed that LFP had significantly lower levels of aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and coliforms than LRG, IFG, and IFP. Furthermore, IFG had greater numbers of Escherichia coli than LRG and LFP. No sample was contaminated with E. coli O157: H7, but one duplicate set of summer LFP samples contained Salmonella. Listeria spp. were present in 25 and 29% of samples from local and Internet markets, respectively. About 5.0, 11.1, 10.5, and 7.9% of LRG, LFP, IFG, and IFP samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes. This study identified differences in microbial quality between local and Internet products. Careful handling and thorough cooking of grou...
Differential expression of protocadherin-19, protocadherin-17, and cadherin-6 in adult zebrafish brain

Cell adhesion molecule cadherins play important roles in both development and maintenance of adult structures. Most studies on cadherin expression have been carried out in developing organisms, but information on cadherin distribution in adult vertebrate brains is limited. In this study we used in situ hybridization to examine mRNA expression of three cadherins, protocadherin-19, protocadherin-17, and cadherin-6 in adult zebrafish brain. Each cadherin exhibits a distinct expression pattern in the fish brain, with protocadherin-19 and protocadherin-17 showing much wider and stronger expression than that of cadherin-6. Both protocadherin-19 and protocadherin-17-expressing cells occur throughout the brain, with strong expression in the ventromedial telencephalon, periventricular regions of the thalamus and anterior hypothalamus, stratum periventriculare of the optic tectum, dorsal tegmental nucleus, granular regions of the cerebellar body and valvula, and superficial layers of the facial and vagal lobes. Numerous sensory structures (e.g., auditory, gustatory, lateral line, olfactory, and visual nuclei) and motor nuclei (e.g., oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal motor, abducens, and vagal motor nuclei) contain protocadherin-19 and/or protocadherin-17-expressing cell. Expression of these two protocadherins is similar in the ventromedial telencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, facial, and vagal lobes, but substantially different in the dorsolateral telencephalon, intermediate layers of the optic tectum, and cerebellar valvula. In contrast to the two protocadherins, cadherin-6 expression is much weaker and limited in the adult fish brain.
Ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster: II. Heteroduplex mapping of cloned and uncloned rDNA

Abstract Sequences in the cloned Drosophila melanogaster rDNA fragments described by Dawid et al. (1978) were compared by heteroduplex mapping. The nontranscribed spacer regions in all fragments are homologous but vary in length. Deletion loops were observed at variable positions in the spacer region suggesting that spacers are internally repetitious. Many rDNA repeats in D. melanogaster have a 28 S gene interrupted by a region named the ribosomal insertion. Insertions of 0.5, 1 and 5 kb were found in repeat-length EcoRI fragments. These DNA regions, named type 1 insertions, are homologous at their right ends. Although 1 kb insertions are quite precisely twice as large as 0.5 kb insertions they do not represent a duplication of the shorter sequence. Some insertions have at least one EcoRI site and therefore yield EcoRI fragments which are only part of a repeat. The sequences in two cloned right-hand partial insertion sequences are homologous, but the sequences in two lefthand partial insertions are not. None of the EcoRI-restrictable insertion sequences has any homology to any part of type 1 insertions; they are thus grouped together as type 2. Evidence for insertion sequences of at least two types in uncloned rDNA was obtained by annealing a cloned fragment with a 1 kb insertion to genomic rDNA. About 15% of the rDNA repeats show substitution type loops between the 1 kb type 1 insertion derived from the cloned fragment and type 2 insertions in the rDNA.
Relationships Between Diet-Related Changes in the Gut Microbiome and Cognitive Flexibility

Western diets are high in fat and sucrose and can influence behavior and gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that altering the microbiome can influence the brain and behavior. This study was designed to determine whether diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota could contribute to alterations in anxiety, memory or cognitive flexibility. Two-month-old, male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned high-fat (42% fat, 43% carbohydrate (CHO), high-sucrose (12% fat, 70% CHO (primarily sucrose) or normal chow (13% kcal fat, 62% CHO) diets. Fecal microbiome analysis, step-down latency, novel object and novel location tasks were performed prior to and 2weeks after diet change. Water maze testing for long- and short-term memory and cognitive flexibility was conducted during weeks 5-6 post-diet change. Some similarities in alterations in the microbiome were seen in both the high-fat and high-sucrose diets (e.g., increased Clostridiales), as compared to the normal diet, but the percentage decreases in Bacteroidales were greater in the high-sucrose diet mice. Lactobacillales was only significantly increased in the high-sucrose diet group and Erysipelotrichales was only significantly affected by the high-fat diet. The high-sucrose diet group was significantly impaired in early development of a spatial bias for long-term memory, short-term memory and reversal training, compared to mice on normal diet. An increased focus on the former platform position was seen in both high-sucrose and high-fat groups during the reversal probe trials. There was no significant effect of diet on step-down, exploration or novel recognitions. Higher percentages of Clostridiales and lower expression of Bacteroidales in high-energy diets were related to the poorer cognitive flexibility in the reversal trials. These results suggest that changes in the microbiome may contribute to cognitive changes associated with eating a Western diet.
The War of the White Death: Finland against the Soviet Union 1939–1940, by Irincheev, Bair

Bair Irincheev presents a blow-by-blow account of the Winter War between the USSR and Finland at the tactical level. The book is organized to cover the war on a sector-by-sector basis. Moving gener...
Ransom, Revenge, and Heroic Identity in the Iliad : Unlimited Poinē : Poetry as Practice

The ideology of the inexhaustible work of art, or of ‘reading’ as re-creation masks – through the quasi-exposure which is often seen in matters of faith – the fact that the work is indeed made not twice, but a hundred times, by all those who are interested in it, who find a material or symbolic profit in reading it, classifying it, deciphering it, commenting on it, combating it, knowing it, possessing it. Enrichment accompanies aging when the work manages to enter the game, when it becomes a stake in the game and so incorporates some of the energy produced by the struggle of which it is the object. Pierre Bourdieu Our Iliad presents itself as a text under negotiation that, like the heroes it celebrates, must assert itself against competitors. The narrator and characters attempt to compose Achilleus' compensation theme, or the Iliad , in accordance with their own intended plots and in relation to symbolically powerful themes, like Chryses' offer of apoina or the rape of Helen. Moreover, competition to control the plot of the Iliad emerges as competition to construct Achilleus' heroic identity. The struggle between Agamemnon and Achilleus in the Iliad is about status and dominance. And while status and dominance are acceptable social goals in Homeric society, they are also and as importantly platforms from which to contend for particular visions of the social world.
Cost effective monitoring

Output monitoring does not address the excursion risks present in today's semiconductor manufacturing environment. To address this, the industry must transition to input monitoring and subsequently design robustness to improve the duality and reliability of process equipment output. A step in the right direction is represented by in-situ monitoring of radio frequency power of plasma deposition and etch equipment. This allows for real time monitoring and significantly reduces the risks that output monitoring alone poses.