cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scattering from coated targets using a frequency-dependent, surface impedance boundary condition in FDTD

One method for reducing the radar cross section of objects such as aircraft and missiles is the application of a lossy coating. Computing scattering from targets coated with dielectric/magnetic materials is challenging due to the reduced wavelengths of an incident field inside the coating. These smaller wavelengths require finer sampling of the fields. A technique for implementing this calculation without greatly increased memory requirements or computation times has previously been developed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code which has been tested in one, two, and three dimensions. The method requires knowledge of the frequency behaviour of the complex permittivity and permeability, and the thickness of the dielectric coating and is applicable to thin coatings when one or more reflections from the conducting surface are significant. The impedance at the surface of the coating is computed based on the given information and then approximated using a summation of causal functions. The approximated impedance is Z-transformed and added to the FDTD code in special update equations for the fields at the surface of the coating. No computations are required inside the coatings so the FDTD grid can be sized based on the free-space wavelength. The result obtained is valid over the entire frequency range of interest, assuming that the approximated surface impedance is a good match over the entire range. Comparisons with measurements of a scale model coated missile show good agreement and almost no increase in resource requirements over a standard FDTD calculation for an uncoated metal target.
A Fast and Simple Algorithm for Producing Candidate Regions

This paper addresses the task of producing candidate regions for detecting objects (e.g., car, cat) and background regions (e.g., sky, water). We describe a simple and rapid algorithm which generates a set of candidate regions \(\mathcal{C_R}\) by combining up to three ”selected-segments”. These are obtained by a hierarchical merging algorithm which seeks to identify segments corresponding to roughly homogeneous regions, followed by a selection stage which removes most of the segments, yielding a small subset of selected-segments \(\mathcal{S}\). The hierarchical merging makes a novel use of the PageRank algorithm. The selection stage also uses a new criterion based on entropy gain with non-parametric estimation of the segments’ entropy. We evaluate on a new labeling of the Pascal VOC 2010 set where all pixels are labeled with one of 57 class labels. We show that most of the 57 objects and background regions can be largely covered by three of the selected-segments. We present a detailed per-object comparison on the task of proposing candidate regions with several state-of-the-art methods. Our performance is comparable to the best performing method in terms of coverage but is simpler and faster, and needs to output half the number of candidate regions, which is critical for a subsequent stage (e.g, classification).
Recent Trajectories and Themes in Lukan Soteriology

Lukan soteriology, although playing a central role in the theology of Luke–Acts, has traditionally been viewed as an incomplete concept. Although Luke–Acts presents the reality of salvation, most suppose that there is no substantial presentation of the means of salvation. However, there have been recent challenges to the traditional conceptions of Lukan soteriology. This has included attempts to identify a more holistic understanding of salvation, alternate concepts of atonement, and reformulations of salvation history in Luke–Acts. Beginning from Hans Conzelmann’s presentation of Lukan salvation-history based on the delay of the Parousia, which is foundational for the modern discussion, we will investigate the development of the concepts of Lukan soteriology such as salvation history, the scope of salvation, presentation of the atonement and theology of the cross, identifying issues of methodology, terminology and theology necessary for the further development of Lukan soteriology.
Speculative Propositions: A Visual Pattern Sampler

© 2015 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology. During World War I, a peculiar example of disruptive patterning was developed to adorn British and American battleships. Dazzle camouflage as it was known, did little to hide the vessels themselves. Rather, its function was to confuse enemy aim by utilizing chaotic black-and-white patterns. Vintage photographs of these ships provide startling visuals of a kind of graphical warfare. At first glance, the extreme angles and cutout shapes conjure everything from European Modernist abstraction, Russian Constructivism, and colonial ethnic and tribal patterning, to later forms of Op art and design. As an artist researching these images, I began speculating on the side-effects of their routes as global visual transmitters of conquest and empire. What if these patterns, likened to war paint and symbolic markers of dominance, were altered to show their transmission onto other forms, such as modern architecture, commodities, and trade/transit routes - a sort of cross-pollination of hybridity and influence across cultures and continents? How can these patterns be employed by unexpected clients of economic and cultural colonialism? How can colonized forms misappropriate this visual technique for themselves? Speculative Propositions: A Visual Pattern Sampler is the result of this exploration.
Smart policing in Frisco, Texas: geographic and temporal displacement in a micro place

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a foot patrol and citizen contact-based policing intervention in a suburb outside Dallas. Funded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance “Smart Policing” initiative, the intervention consisted of assigning a single bilingual officer to an economically disadvantaged apartment complex in the heart of the city. Design/methodology/approach – An examination of calls for service across several offense types was performed for the target complex, the adjacent neighborhood, and a nearby apartment complex. The aims of the study were to determine whether the intervention affected specific calls for service and geographic and/or temporal displacement/diffusion occurred. Findings – Two key findings emerged. First, the intervention produced several hypothesized reductions and increases in specific call types, but temporal displacement rendered those effects short-lived. Second, diffusion to surrounding areas was observed and persisted through various treatment dosages. Pra...
Direct Determination of Air Density in a Balance Through Artifacts Characterized in an Evacuated Weighing Chamber.

This paper describes a simple device which permits mass comparisons in air without appeal to the correction for air buoyancy. The device consists of a canister which is evacuated and weighed on a laboratory balance with a mass inside. A second weighing of another mass in the evacuated canister provides the desired mass comparison. The method was used to determine the mass difference between two stainless steel weights of widely differing densities. With knowledge of this mass difference and of the volume difference one may, by a simple air weighing of the two objects, determine directly the density of the air in the balance case. Densities of air determined by this method were compared with those calculated from the barometric pressure, the temperature, and the relative humidity of the laboratory air. The experimental and calculated values agree throughout to within 1.0 μg cm-3 (where the normal air density is about 1.2 mg cm-3). The calculated and experimental values of day-to-day fluctuations in air density agree to within 0.5 μg cm-3.
Maxillectomy Does Not Disrupt Self-Selection by Larvae of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Manduca sexta (Johannson) larvae were maxillectomized early in the third instar, and as newly emerged fourth instars were permitted to feed by self-selection (i.e., offered the opportunity to feed selectively on a defined sucrose diet [lacking only protein], or a defined protein diet [lacking only sucrose]) through the entire stadium. They did not differ significantly in their self-selected protein/carbohydrate ratio from sham-operated control larvae. Further experiments were done in which similarly operated larvae and controls were preconditioned for 15 h on diets lacking either sucrose or protein, starved for 4 h, placed in a self-selection environment, and observed every 10 min for 5 h of a 7-h period as they made their choices between sucrose and protein diets. Larvae that had been preconditioned on a protein-free diet tended to associate with the protein diet, whereas those preconditioned on a sucrose-free diet spent their early hours on the sucrose diet. The behavior of maxillectomized larvae differed only in minor ways from that of the controls.
Augmented finite-element method for arbitrary cracking and crack interaction in solids under thermo-mechanical loadings

In this paper, a thermalmechanical augmented finite-element method (TM-AFEM) has been proposed, implemented and validated for steady-state and transient, coupled thermalmechanical analyses of compl...
Stating the obvious.

I rather think that you are stating the obvious in your news item, Working in the NHS can damage your health (Nursing Standard March 27).
Deep learning of contrast-coated serrated polyps for computer-aided detection in CT colonography

Serrated polyps were previously believed to be benign lesions with no cancer potential. However, recent studies have revealed a novel molecular pathway where also serrated polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. CT colonography (CTC) can detect serrated polyps using the radiomic biomarker of contrast coating, but this requires expertise from the reader and current computer-aided detection (CADe) systems have not been designed to detect the contrast coating. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel CADe method that makes use of deep learning to detect serrated polyps based on their contrast-coating biomarker in CTC. In the method, volumetric shape-based features are used to detect polyp sites over soft-tissue and fecal-tagging surfaces of the colon. The detected sites are imaged using multi-angular 2D image patches. A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is used to review the image patches for the presence of polyps. The DCNN-based polyp-likelihood estimates are merged into an aggregate likelihood index where highest values indicate the presence of a polyp. For pilot evaluation, the proposed DCNN-CADe method was evaluated with a 10-fold cross-validation scheme using 101 colonoscopy-confirmed cases with 144 biopsy-confirmed serrated polyps from a CTC screening program, where the patients had been prepared for CTC with saline laxative and fecal tagging by barium and iodine-based diatrizoate. The average per-polyp sensitivity for serrated polyps ≥6 mm in size was 93±7% at 0:8±1:8 false positives per patient on average. The detection accuracy was substantially higher that of a conventional CADe system. Our results indicate that serrated polyps can be detected automatically at high accuracy in CTC.
Endoscopic Endonasal Interdural Middle Fossa Approach to the Maxillary Nerve: Anatomic Considerations and Surgical Relevance.

Background The maxillary nerve (V2) can be approached via the open middle fossa approach. Objective To delineate the anatomy of V2 and its specific segments with respect to the endonasal landmarks. We present the endoscopic endonasal interdural middle fossa approach to V2 and its potential application for the treatment of perineural spread in sinonasal/skull base tumors. Methods Five human head silicon-injected specimens underwent bilateral endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid approaches. V2 prominence and the maxillary strut were identified in the lateral recess along with paraclival carotid protruberance. The regions superior and inferior to V2 corresponding to the anteromedial and anterolateral triangles of the middle fossa were exposed. Results V2 can be classified into 3 segments: interdural (from the Gasserian ganglion to the proximal part of the maxillary strut), intracanalicular (corresponding to the anteroposterior length of the maxillary strut), and pterygopalatine (distal to the maxillary strut and the site of its divisions). Endonasally, the average length of the interdural and the intracanalicular segments were approximately 9 and 4.4 mm, respectively. V2, following its division distal to the maxillary strut, was successfully dissected off the middle fossa dura and transected just distal to the Gasserian ganglion. Conclusion Endonasally, the interdural segment can be safely mobilized between the periosteal and meningeal dural layers while ensuring the integrity of the middle fossa dura. This allows transection of infiltrated V2 to facilitate tumor resection without entering the intradural/arachnoidal space. Posteriorly, this is limited by the Gasserian ganglion and superomedially by the dural envelope surrounding the cavernous sinus and the paraclival carotid artery.
Abstract P043: The COP9 Signalosome Regulates Autophagy

By indiscriminately degrading portions of cytoplasm for self-supply of nutrients, non-selective autophagy helps the cell to survive starvation. Selective autophagy, however, removes defective/surplus organelles and protein aggregates, thereby playing an important role in quality control in the cell. A utophagy is involved in the pathophysiology of a variety of disease, including common forms of heart disease. Mechanisms regulating autophagy, especially selective autophagy, remain poorly understood. The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex consisting of 8 subunits (CSN1 through CSN8). CSN was purported to regulate ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) mediated proteolysis. We recently reported UPS malfunction and the accumulation of ubiquitin positive aggregates in the cardiomyocytes of mice with perinatal cardiomyocyte-restricted Csn8 knockout (CR-Csn8KO), which displayed massive cardiomyocyte necrosis, congestive heart failure, and premature death. Here we report that Csn8/CSN is required for the removal of autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes, an exciting discovery that has not been reported in any types of cells. CR-Csn8KO mouse hearts show marked increases in LC3-II, indicative of increased autophagosomes. The increase in LC-II is accompanied by a significant increase in p62 protein levels, which is evident as early as 1 week of age, long before the accumulation of a surrogate UPS substrate becomes discernible. The increase in autophagosomes is confirmed by probing with a transgenic GFP-LC3 and by electron microscopy. Autophagic flux assessments reveal that the removal of autophagosomes in cardiomyocytes is impaired by Csn8 deficiency and the defective fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes may be responsible. Rab7 transcript and protein levels in the heart are significantly decreased by Csn8 deficiency. Confocal microscopy reveals a striking reciprocal relationship between increases in GFP-LC3 puncta and the decreased Rab7 expression. Rab7 knockdown impairs the removal of autophagosomes in cultured cardiomyocytes. Hence, Csn8/CSN is a central regulator in not only the UPS but also autophagy. Csn8/CSN supports autophagosome-lysosome fusion likely by stimulating Rab7 expression.
Apparent diffusion coefficient in estrogen receptor-positive and lymph node-negative invasive breast cancers at 3.0T DW-MRI: A potential predictor for an oncotype Dx test recurrence score.

Purpose To measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and axillary lymph node-negative (LN–) invasive breast cancer and investigate the correlation of ADC with Oncotype Dx test recurrence scores (ODxRS). Materials and Methods This was a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant single-site retrospective study. Patients underwent preoperative 3.0T MRI scans with additional diffusion-weighted imaging sequential scans (b = 0, 600 and b = 0, 1000 s/mm2) from January 2011 to 2013. The study population included 31 ER+/LN– invasive breast cancers, which underwent ODxRS genomic testing. ADC600 and ADC1000 parametric maps were generated, and ADC values were calculated from a user-drawn region of interest. ODxRS predicts 10-year recurrence risk in individual patients: low (RS 30). All breast lesions, including subgroups of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) lesions and mass-only lesions were dichotomized by RS scores, low-risk versus intermediate/high-risk, and statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney's test (statistical significance at P < 0.05) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Multivariate analysis was also performed. Results Invasive breast cancers, when scored as low-risk by ODxRS, had significantly higher ADC values compared with intermediate/high-risk lesions for both ADC600 (P = 0.007) and ADC1000 (P = 0.008) mean values. This was true both when analyzing only mass-lesions (P = 0.03 and 0.01) or only IDCs (P = 0.001 and 0.009). Conclusion Preliminary findings suggest that lesion ADC values correlate with recurrence risk likelihood stratified using ODxRS. Hence, ADC is a potential surrogate biomarker for tumor aggressiveness. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 5 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Endothelium-derived fibronectin regulates neonatal vascular morphogenesis in an autocrine fashion

Fibronectin containing alternatively spliced EIIIA and EIIIB domains is largely absent from mature quiescent vessels in adults, but is highly expressed around blood vessels during developmental and pathological angiogenesis. The precise functions of fibronectin and its splice variants during developmental angiogenesis however remain unclear due to the presence of cardiac, somitic, mesodermal and neural defects in existing global fibronectin KO mouse models. Using a rare family of surviving EIIIA EIIIB double KO mice, as well as inducible endothelial-specific fibronectin-deficient mutant mice, we show that vascular development in the neonatal retina is regulated in an autocrine manner by endothelium-derived fibronectin, and requires both EIIIA and EIIIB domains and the RGD-binding α5 and αv integrins for its function. Exogenous sources of fibronectin do not fully substitute for the autocrine function of endothelial fibronectin, demonstrating that fibronectins from different sources contribute differentially to specific aspects of angiogenesis.
Revisiting the Firm, Reporting Entity, and Going Concern Concepts in Light of Financial Crisis

ABSTRACT: Contemporary accounting conceptual frameworks depict reporting entities as self-evident stand-alone units whose current activities are likely to continue. That representation is revisited in light of Veblen's (1904) sabotage thesis that managers routinely utilize mechanisms that disrupt underlying markets. Credit default swaps played a significant role in the 2008 subprime financial crisis, blurring the boundaries of entities to create entanglements that threatened the global financial infrastructure. The reporting entity and going concern concepts developed in a climate of philosophical pragmatism operating from a flawed premise that a scientific approach assures objective, value-free data. The conventional treatment of reporting entities is contrasted with emerging conversations that paint “the firm” as a legal fiction functioning within a dynamic and potentially unstable matrix. The paper argues that a distorted view on the underlying nature of the firm masks significant public interest issue...
In-home use of personalized music for persons with dementia.

Although evidence is mounting that personalized music has beneficial effects for long-term care residents with dementia, little research has examined the effects of personalized music for the major...
Risk Factors Associated With Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea in the Week Before the Next Cycle and Impact of Nausea on Quality of Life Outcomes

Abstract Context Despite current advances in antiemetic treatments, between 19% and 58% of oncology patients experience chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN). Objectives Aims of this post hoc exploratory analysis were to determine occurrence, severity, and distress of CIN and evaluate for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, symptom severity, stress; and quality of life (QOL) outcomes between oncology patients who did and did not report CIN in the week before chemotherapy (CTX). Demographic, clinical, symptom, and stress characteristics associated with CIN occurrence were determined. Methods Patients (n = 1296) completed questionnaires that provided information on demographic and clinical characteristics, symptom severity, stress, and QOL. Univariate analyses evaluated for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics, symptom severity, stress, and QOL scores between the two patient groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate for factors associated with nausea group membership. Results Of the 1296 patients, 47.5% reported CIN. In the CIN group, 15% rated CIN as severe and 23% reported high distress. Factors associated with CIN included less education; having childcare responsibilities; poorer functional status; higher levels of depression, sleep disturbance, evening fatigue, and intrusive thoughts; as well as receipt of CTX on a 14-day CTX cycle and receipt of an antiemetic regimen that contained serotonin receptor antagonist and steroid. Patients in the CIN group experienced clinically meaningful decrements in QOL. Conclusion This study identified new factors (e.g., poorer functional status, stress) associated with CIN occurrence. CIN negatively impacted patients' QOL. Pre-emptive and ongoing interventions may alleviate CIN occurrence in high-risk patients.
Campylobacter jejuni and Pseudomonas coinfection in the setting of ulcerative colitis.

A 66-year-old woman presented with 2 days of fever and severe diarrhoea. She has a history of ulcerative colitis (UC), well controlled with medication. She also has a history of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, infective endocarditis following aortic valve replacement and pulmonary embolism. She had complained of passing stool with traces of blood about 30 times per day. Stool testing for Clostridium difficile, routine culture and microscopy was done. She was started on ceftriaxone. CT scan revealed thick-walled colon consistent with UC flare. Flexible sigmoidoscopy showed active continuous colitis extending from the rectum to the proximal descending colon. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from the stool and blood cultures yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiotic was transitioned to intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam and azithromycin followed by 2 weeks of intravenous cefepime. Her diarrhoea was controlled, and she was discharged for follow-up in 2 months.
The Francis I. Proctor Foundation: The First Fifty Years

Abstract September 15, 1997 marked the golden anniversary of the Francis I. Proctor Foundation, which was established in affiliation with the University of California in San Francisco. Over 50 years, 182 fellows from 27 countries have been trained in programs focusing on the study of infectious and inflammatory eye disease, and the prevention of blindness worldwide. Many of the people and events that have contributed to the success of the Proctor Foundation are presented in this brief essay. ( Surv Ophthalmol 42 :548–556, 1998.
Grasping Spatial Integrity in Distributed Unmanned Systems

Due to the increased complexity of tasks delegated to unmanned systems their collective use is becoming of paramount importance for performing any reasonable jobs. An approach is offered where integral group behaviors are achieved automatically rather than set up manually. Missions in a high-level Distributed Scenario Language can be executed jointly by communicating interpreters embedded in key system units. Robotic scenarios like reconnaissance, camp security, convoy, mule and explosive ordnance disposal oriented on different numbers of cooperating units are demonstrated. The approach allows us to effectively manage any teams, from manned to purely unmanned, regardless of the number of components in them. Other researched applications of the technology are outlined as well as its relation to gestalt philosophy, where the whole dominates over parts, defining their sense and even existence. The paradigm discussed may also be considered as a universal globally programmable distributed super-machine operating with both information and physical matter, ruling the world covered by it at runtime.
Hyaluronate and Hyaluronate-Binding Proteins of Brain

Migratory and proliferating cells in the embryo are usually surrounded by hyaluronateenriched extracellular matrices (reviewed in Toole, 1981). For example, hyaluronate accumulates in the pathways of migration of corneal mesenchyme (Toole and Trelstad, 1971), neural crest cells (Pratt et al.,1975; Derby, 1978; Pintar, 1978), endocardial cushion cells (Markwald et al., 1978), and sclerotomal mesenchyme (Kvist and Finnegan, 1970; Toole, 1972; Solursh et al.,1979). Frequently, subsequent differentiation is accompanied by decreases in levels of hyaluronate in these tissues.
Biochemical Characterization of Selenium Deficiency in China

Dietary selenium intake varies greatly throughout the world for geographic, cultural, and economic reasons. The selenium content of food plants reflects the soil content and the availability of the element. Thus people at greatest risk for selenium deficiency are people living in areas where soil selenium availability is low who eat only food produced locally.
5 THz Figure-of- Merit Reliable Phase-change RF Switches for Millimeter-wave Applications

We report the first SbTe phase-change material (PCM) RF switches with a record reliable switching cycle endurance of 10 million. The PCM RF switches were fabricated with SbTe alloy and a refractory TiW heater in a planar configuration. Without the parasitic capacitance coupling of the micro-heater, the RF switch figure-of-merit (FOM) was as high as 4.8 – 6.3 THz, depending on the switch gap. The RF switch FOM was 7.5 – 10 times better than state-of-the-art RF switches, including RF silicon-on-insulator technology.
Nontask-Related Brain Lateralization Biomarkers in Children: The Asymmetry of Language Areas on Functional Connectivity Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract In this work, we will test the hypothesis that the connectivity of language areas in normal children is asymmetric between the hemispheres. Intrahemispheric region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI...
Intestinal Hyperpermeability in Gulf War Veterans With Chronic Gastrointestinal Symptoms.

BACKGROUND Well over 700,000 United States military personnel participated in the Persian Gulf War in which they developed chronic health disorders of undetermined etiology. Up to 25% of Veterans had persistent and chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, which they suspected were related to their military service in the Gulf. AIM The overall aim of the current study was to evaluate intestinal permeability in previously deployed Gulf War Veterans who developed chronic GI symptoms during their tour in the Persian Gulf. METHODS To accomplish this, we evaluated intestinal permeability (IP) using the urinary lactulose/mannitol test. Measurements of intestinal permeability were then correlated with mean ratings of daily abdominal pain, frequency of bowel movements, and consistency of bowel movements on the Bristol Stool Scale in all Veterans. RESULTS A total of 73 veterans had documented chronic GI symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain) and were included in the study. A total of 29/73 (39%) of veterans has increased IP and had a higher average daily stool frequency (P<0.05); increased liquid stools as indicated by a higher Bristol Stool Scale (P<0.01); and a higher mean M-VAS abdominal pain rating (P<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that there was a positive correlation between increased IP and stool frequency, Bristol Stool Scale, and M-VAS abdominal pain rating. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that deployed Gulf War Veterans with persistent GI symptoms commonly have increased intestinal permeability that potentiates the severity of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and stool consistency. These new findings in our study are important as they may lead to novel diagnostic biomarkers for returning Gulf War Veterans who suffer from chronic functional gastrointestinal disorders. These advances are also important for an increasing number of veterans who are now serving in the Persian Gulf and are at a high risk of developing these chronic pain disorders.
Heparin affects cytosolic glucose responses of hyperglycemic dividing mesangial cells

Mesangial expansion underlies diabetic nephropathy, leading to sclerosis and renal failure. The glycosaminoglycan heparin inhibits mesangial cell growth, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Here, rat mesangial cells (RMCs) were growth-arrested in the G0/G1 phase of cell division, stimulated to divide in normal glucose (5.6 m m ) or high glucose (25.6 m m ) with or without heparin, and analyzed for glucose uptake. We observed that RMCs entering the G1 phase in normal glucose with or without heparin rapidly cease glucose uptake. RMCs entering G1 in high glucose sustained glucose uptake for the first 3 h, and high-glucose exposure of RMCs only in the first 8 h of G1 induced the formation of an extracellular monocyte-adhesive hyaluronan matrix after cell division was completed. Moreover, a low heparin concentration under high-glucose conditions blocked glucose uptake by 1 h into G1. Of note, glucose transporter 4 (glut4) localized on the RMC surface at G0/G1 and was internalized into G1 cells under normal glucose conditions with or without heparin within 30 min. We also noted that, under high-glucose conditions, glut4 remained on the RMC surface for at least 2 h into G1 and was internalized by 4 h without heparin and within 1 h with heparin. These results provide evidence that the influx of glucose in hyperglycemic dividing RMCs initiates intermediate glucose metabolism, leading to increased cytosolic UDP sugars, and induces abnormal intracellular hyaluronan synthesis during the S phase of cell division.
Self-Adjusting Share-Based Countermeasure to Interest Flooding Attack in Named Data Networking

Due to the rapid growth of Internet traffic, increasing mobility, and stronger security requirements, today's Internet shows signs of aging. To keep pace with changes and move the Internet into the future, Named Data Networking (NDN), a future Internet architecture, was proposed and has been demonstrated as a viable architecture for content distribution and widely recognized as a promising architecture for future Internet. However, NDN is not originally designed to consider the security requirement for all potential attacks, thus, NDN is vulnerable to a well-known Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack that primarily targets service availability by flooding the network and obstructing the service received by legitimate users. In this paper, we propose a self-adjusting share-based countermeasure, also referred to as SSC, against Interest flooding attack in NDN, where the attacker issues an excessive number of non-satisfiable Interest packets to drop legitimate Interest packets by overwhelming Pending Interest Table in NDN routers. In the SSC, each router maintains an Interest unsatisfaction ratio and dynamically adjusts the share of forwarded Interest packets for each incoming interface accordingly. In addition, the Interest packets that pass the assigned share of forwarded Interest packets are used as scouts to investigate unknown paths to complement routing information. We conduct extensive simulation experiments for performance evaluation and comparison with the existing constant share based approach. The simulation results show that the proposed countermeasure can not only improve the Pending Interest Table utilization ratio of legitimate Interest packets, but also reduce the number of accepted malicious Interest packets, indicating a viable approach against Interest flooding attack in NDN.
A lifecycle cost analysis of transitioning to a fully-electrified, renewably powered, and carbon-neutral campus at the University of Dayton

Abstract This paper analyzes the cost-effectiveness of converting the University of Dayton (UD) to a fully-electrified, renewably powered, carbon-neutral campus by 2025. The greenhouse gas (GHG) impact and 30-year lifecycle costs (LCC) of a scenario including four primary strategies for transitioning to carbon-neutrality were analyzed; scaling building energy efficiency was determined to reduce GHG emissions by 12% with $10 million LCC savings from business as usual, switching the campus fleet to electric vehicles would reduce GHG emissions by 0.4% with $2 million LCC savings, switching from on-site natural gas combustion to geothermal heat pumps would reduce GHG emissions by 15% with a $15.5 million LCC premium, and procuring renewable electricity through a power purchase agreement with a new-build renewable generator would eliminate the remaining 73% of GHG emissions with a $1.7 million LCC premium. In total, achieving a carbon-neutral campus would increase the 30-year LCC of UD’s energy systems by 2.4%, from $211.8 million to $216.9 million. This is likely a reasonable investment to consider, given the uncertainties in future commodity pricing, the potential of future regulatory mechanisms like carbon pricing that would internalize the social cost of carbon, and the urgent need to reduce global GHG emissions.
Ovicidal Activity of Sulfuryl Fluoride to Anobiid and Lyctid Beetle Eggs of Various Ages

Fumigation with sulfuryl fluoride (Vikane® Gas Fumigant)2 is often used to control structural infestations by anobiid and true powderpost beetles that are widespread or inaccessible to insecticidal...
Metastasis to the thyroid gland: a single-institution 16-year experience.

AIMS Metastasis to the thyroid gland is a rare occurrence that may pose a diagnostic challenge. In this study, we aimed to report the clinicopathological features, immunoprofile, molecular alterations and outcome of 30 patients treated at our centre from 2003 to 2019. METHODS AND RESULTS The most common site of the primary tumour was the kidney, followed by the lung, lower gastrointestinal tract and breast. In seven (23%) patients, the thyroid metastases were resected prior to the diagnosis of the primary tumours. Six patients (20%) had thyroid as the sole metastatic site. Three (10%) patients harboured tumour-to-tumour metastasis; 71% had a unilateral unifocal thyroid mass, which might be mistaken for a primary thyroid tumour. Among the 13 cases that were initially diagnosed at an outside hospital, four (31%) were misinterpreted as a thyroid primary. An immunohistochemical panel of thyroid follicular cell markers was most useful to differentiate primary thyroid tumours from metastasis. Molecularly, the metastasis showed alterations characteristic of the primary tumour, which may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis and primary site. Although the prognosis was poor, with a 5-year disease specific survival of 58%, a long-term cure was possible in cases with oligometastasis successfully treated with surgery. CONCLUSIONS Metastasis to the thyroid gland is an uncommon phenomenon, with an incidence of 0.36% in all thyroid malignancies. It may present as a solitary thyroid mass before the discovery of the primary tumour, posing a diagnostic challenge. Although the overall prognosis is poor, a subset of patients with oligometastasis can be managed surgically.
Cellular expression and localization of DNA exonucleases, Trex, and their response to chemotherapeutic compounds in different tumor cell lines

1782 Trex1 and Trex2 are two human proteins bearing 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activities with unclear function. In this study, we demonstrated that the amount of Trex1 protein expression was different in different cell lines. Among those cell lines examined, Trex1 was expressed in KB, HeLa, C666 and all the lymphoid tumor cell lines we studied, but undetectable in HepG2 and RKO cells. Poor expression, if any, of Trex1 mRNA in both HepG2 and RKO cells explained why Trex1 proteins were undetectable in them. The levels of Trex1 mRNA expression in different cell lines are in the order: H9 > CEM > KB = HeLa > HepG2 > RKO. In all cell lines we studied, however, no Trex2 protein could be detected with the same size as the recombinant protein. The localization of Trex1 was studied among the Trex1-expressing cells in which Trex1 appeared in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in KB cells, whereas in H9 cells, it appeared primarily in the cytoplasm. The DNA damaging agents including camptothecin, etoposide, cisplatin, and cytotoxic L-nucleoside analog, such as L-OddC, could cause Trex1 protein induction in concentration-dependent manners, and the levels of Trex1 mRNA were also increased accordingly, suggesting that Trex1 protein is probably involved in DNA repair mechanisms and that its induction was through up-regulation of the Trex1 mRNA expression. Cytotoxic D-deoxynucleoside analog gemcitabine and non-cytotoxic antiviral L-nucleoside analog 3TC, however, could not cause the same effects. Upon CPT treatment, Trex1 exonuclease activity was correspondingly increased with the induced Trex1 proteins; different cell types, such as KB and H9 cells, responded similarly to cause Trex1 induction. Nevertheless, nuclear translocation of Trex1 was more apparent in KB cells than in H9 cells. In summary, the expression and localization of Trex1 is cell-type dependent and some but not all of the chemotherapeutic agents can induce its expression. (This work is supported by grant RO1 AI38204 and RO1 CA63477 from NIH, USA) Dr. Y.C. Cheng is a fellow of National Foundation for Cancer Research.
Does Child Labour Displace Schooling? Evidence on Behavioral Responses to an Enrollment Subsidy

This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Does child labour displace schooling? Evidence on behavioral responses to an enrollment subsidy, conducted between 1995 and 1996, in Bangladesh. The study observed that the subsidy increases schooling, but its effect on child labour is ambiguous. The subsidy increased schooling by far more than it reduced child labour. Substitution effects helped protect current incomes from the higher school attendance induced by the subsidy. Substitution effects helped protect current incomes from the higher school attendance induced by the subsidy. The reduction in the incidence of child labour by boys (girls) represents about one quarter (eighth) of the increase in their school enrollment rate.
An Examination of Changes in Specialists' Posted Price Schedules

New York Stock Exchange specialists disseminate information to market participants by displaying price schedules consisting of quoted prices and depths for both the bid and the ask sides of the market. This paper examines how specialists revise these posted price schedules in response to changes in their trading environment. We estimate specialists' quote-revision processes in the context of a simultaneous equations model using four potentially important factors: (1) changes in the limit order book, (2) transactions, (3) competition from regional exchanges, and (4) overall activity in the stock. Our results show that changes in the limit order book have a significant impact on the posted price schedule, while transactions and overall activity are secondary to the limit order book in determining the posted price schedule. In addition, we find evidence that specialists revise their quoted prices and depths in response to different events.
Obesity, Race, and Perioperative Complications

This review highlights the perioperative issues pediatric anesthesiologists may encounter while caring for an increasingly obese and racially/ethnically diverse patient population. We provide insight into the scope and impact of both pediatric obesity and pediatric minority status on perioperative management and outcomes and emphasize their points of intersection. In recent decades, obesity prevalence in children has steadily increased and the age at onset has declined. Obesity confers significant perioperative risk in pediatric patients and has strong associations with additional comorbidities that impact perioperative patient management. Non-white race/ethnicity is associated with greater rates of obesity, and also carries a significant independent association with perioperative risks, up to and including mortality. Recent data points to non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic patients as being particularly vulnerable. As the US pediatric population is becoming more obese, it is also becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Obesity confers additional perioperative risk to all patients, regardless of race or ethnicity. However, minority race/ethnicity appears to confer additional and independent risk. Therefore, the obese minority patient may be at a particular disadvantage when considering comorbidities and assessing perioperative risks.
A Review of “Controversial Bodies: Thoughts on the Public Display of Plastinated Corpses”

Most American undergraduates will be familiar with the Body World exhibits of plastinated corpses that have become “the most successful exhibits in the history of science museums” (1) and continue ...
Water Assessment and Criteria

The most useful measures of biotic integrity of aquatic systems reflect the biological responses of organisms and their populations to the prevailing (past and present) environmental conditions. The ability to classify the quality of streams and rivers (with indigenous biological assemblages) provides information that is integral for making management decisions and identifying anthropogenic impacts (35). Development of an “Index of Biotic Integrity” (IBI) using a combination of 12 community parameters (metrics) for fish assemblages provided direction into a new and innovative way of obtaining this type of information (24). The combination of these community attributes (multimetrics) into an IBI provided a classification of the quality of fish communities as a measure of water/habitat quality. The metrics used in the construction of the IBI encompassed several levels of fish community structure and function—species composition/richness and information on ecological factors (trophic structure and health). Successful application of multimetric indices depends on selecting the appropriate metrics used to describe and delineate the biological assemblages (36). The use of multimetrics provides a way of measuring the response of biological assemblages at several levels of organization (e.g., composition, condition, and function) to anthropogenic influences, and these measurable biological attributes can be tested, verified, and calibrated for use in the respective geographical areas of study. Keywords: biological assessment; aquatic habitats; indicator organisms; bioassessments; anthropogenic impacts; multimetrics
Deadlock avoidance in manufacturing systems of parallel mutual exclusion

In this paper, manufacturing systems with parallel mutual exclusion that share finite resources are modelled by a class of extended Petri nets-parallel process Petri nets (PPPN). Based on this model, a sufficient and necessary condition for occurring deadlock in manufacturing system is given, and a maximal permissive feedback control logic, which allocates the shared resources and avoids deadlock, is presented.
Revisiting Chronic Pain Patient Profiling: An Acceptance‐based Approach in an Online Sample

Over 116 million Americans experience chronic pain, incurring an annual cost of $635bn in healthcare and lost work. Acceptance-based therapies have gained increasing recognition for improving functional outcomes. In our online chronic pain sample, we predicted that (1) patients would cluster into low, medium and high groups of chronic pain acceptance and (2) positive affect, negative affect and perceived disability scores would differ overall by cluster, with the most positive outcomes found in the high cluster and the least found in the low cluster. Participants completed the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Positive and Negative Affect Scales and the Pain Disability Index. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted using activity engagement (AE) and pain willingness (PW) totals from the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. As predicted, cluster analysis specified three groups: low AE/low PW, high AE/high PW and medium AE/medium PW. Significant multivariate analysis of covariance results were obtained according to Wilks' λ (0.55), F(6,266) = 15.39, p < 0.01, and indicated differences in positive affect, negative affect and perceived disability within each cluster. Follow-up analyses of covariance revealed mean differences in the predicted directions: the high-high group showed the most positive affect and the least negative affect and perceived disability. Conversely, the low-low group displayed the least positive affect (M = 20.28, SD = 7.86), the most negative affect (M = 28.05, SD = 9.33) and perceived disability (M = 49.57, SD = 9.46). The presence of these clusters introduces key questions about the possibility of creating tailored interventions based on cluster profiles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Key Practitioner Message Higher levels of Acceptance are associated with better functional and affective outcomes for chronic pain patients. Lower Acceptance is associated with poorer functional and affective outcomes. Tailoring interventions using Acceptance-based profiling may improve chronic pain therapies.
Kundalini Yoga Meditation Techniques for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive and OC Spectrum Disorders

tute for Nonlinear Science, University of California, San Diego; and The Khalsa Foundation for Medical Science. Contact author: David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa, The Research Group for Mind-Body Dynamics, Institute for Nonlinear Science (mail code 0402), University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0402. The Khalsa Foundation for Medical Science, P. O. Box 2708, Del Mar, CA 92014. Phone: (858) 534-0154. Fax: (858) 5347664. E-mail: dsk@ucsd.edu.
Prestin-based outer hair cell motility is necessary for mammalian cochlear amplification

Summary It is a central tenet of cochlear neurobiology that mammalian ears rely on a local, mechanical amplification process for their high sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. While it is generally agreed that outer hair cells provide the amplification, two mechanisms have been proposed: stereociliary motility and somatic motility. The latter is driven by the motor protein prestin. Electrophysiological phenotyping of a prestin knockout mouse intimated that somatic motility is the amplifier. However, outer hair cells of knockout mice have significantly altered mechanical properties, making this mouse model unsatisfactory. Here, we study a mouse model without alteration to outer hair cell and organ of Corti mechanics or to mechanoelectric transduction, but with diminished prestin function. These animals have knockout-like behavior, demonstrating that prestin-based electromotility is required for cochlear amplification.
Repeated Measures/Randomized Blocks Anova through the Use of Criterion-Scaled Regression Analysis

Pedhazur showed how to simplify the design matrix in repeated measures designs using a "total scores" vector. His use of this vector represents a special application of a data-analytic approach referred to as "criterion scaling" -an approach that has received little attention since Wherry and Taylor first discussed it almost four decades ago. This article reviews some of the properties of criterion-scaled regression analysis, especially as it relates to the analysis of a repeated measures/randomized blocks design.