cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bovine thyroidal xanthine oxidase.

Abstract 1. 1. Xanthine oxidase from bovine thyroid glands was purified 1000-fold. Electrophoresis of the purified enzyme yielded a single enzymatically active band. 2. 2. A molecular weight of 260,000 ± 20,000 was estimated by gel filtration and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 3. 3. By electrofocusing the isoelectric point was shown to be 6.2 and the enzyme has a pH optimum at 7.8. 4. 4. Among the most common substrates, thyroid xanthine oxidase oxidizes only xanthine and hypoxanthine with oxygen as an electron acceptor. 5. 5. With dichloroindophenol as the electron acceptor the preferred substrates are xanthine and hypoxanthine compared to NADH. NADPH and acetaldehyde. 6. 6. Based on the isolation procedures and the K m and V max values, thyroidal xanthine oxidase appears to be present in sufficient concentration to supply the hydrogen peroxide requirement of the thyroid gland.
Advance Notification of Plant Closing: Does It Matter?

A review of the literature on the empirical effects of advance notification of plant closings (voluntary and mandated), including the authors' recent study using data drawn from the 1984 Survey of Displaced Workers. suggests that advance notice reduces the probalility that displaced workers suffer any spells of unemployment and may also moderated temporary increases in area unemployment rates. There is little evidence of adverse effects of advance notice, either to workers or to firms. The implications for public policy are discussed.
COMBINED NATURAL AND FORCED CONVECTION IN A HORIZONTAL FLOW CHANNEL

The effect of natural convection on forced convection in a horizontal flow was investigated during zinc electrodeposition on a horizontal electrode facing upward in a channel. The previous findings of Tobias and Hickman [1] are confirmed. A secondary flow in the form of roll cells whose axes are parallel to the flow direction is formed at some distance from the leading edge. This distance depends linearly on the flow velocity through the critical Rayleigh number for the onset of natural convection across the diffusion boundary layer. Striated zinc deposits reveal the imprint of the secondary flow on the planar cathode facing upward.
Hölder Continuity of Harmonic Functions with Respect to Operators of Variable Order

ABSTRACT We consider a class of integrodifferential operators and their corresponding harmonic functions. Under mild assumptions on the family of jump measures we prove a priori estimates and establish Holder continuity of bounded functions that are harmonic in a domain.
An efficient implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter based on an iterative Sherman---Morrison formula

We present a practical implementation of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) based on an iterative Sherman---Morrison formula. The new direct method exploits the special structure of the ensemble-estimated error covariance matrices in order to efficiently solve the linear systems involved in the analysis step of the EnKF. The computational complexity of the proposed implementation is equivalent to that of the best EnKF implementations available in the literature when the number of observations is much larger than the number of ensemble members, as typically is case in practice. Moreover, the proposed method provides the best theoretical complexity when it is compared to generic formulations of matrix inversion based on the Sherman---Morrison formula. The stability analysis of the proposed method is carried out and a pivoting strategy is discussed in order to reduce the accumulation of round-off errors without increasing the computational effort. A parallel implementation is discussed as well. Computational experiments carried out using an oceanic quasi-geostrophic model reveal that the proposed algorithm yields the same accuracy as other EnKF implementations, but scales better with regard to the number of observations.
One Laptop per Child: The $100 Challenge

ABSTRACT: This case uses a real organization (One Laptop per Child, or OLPC) that is unique in that it reengineered laptops that can be produced at low cost, outsourced manufacturing to a Taiwanese corporation, and sold to governments of developing nations that in turn distributed them to local school children. The purpose of this case is to provide instructors an unstructured case to help students apply cost accounting concepts, tools, and techniques to a real-world, social enterprise organization. We recommend this case for use by instructors in cost accounting courses. In this case, students will have the opportunity to use publicly available managerial accounting information. Depending on the instructor's preferences and the course learning objectives, students may be exposed to a variety of case questions, some of which require application of more technical skills such as breakeven calculations, and some of which require more analytical skills such as cost structure considerations. Feedback from stu...
Sons and Fathers in the Major Declamations Ascribed to Quintilian

Abstract : A major focus of the school themes in the collections of Roman declamations knowrn as controversiae (practice court cases) is the period of a young man9s adolescence, and especially his relationship with his father during this period. In part this can be explained because teachers in the private schools of rhetoric selected themes that naturally appealed to their students——male adolescents in their mid and late teens. This focus is especially notable in the Major Declamations , and since they are the only full examples of controversiae , the phenomenon can most easily be explored in reference to this werk. In its nineteen declamations youths are generally portrayed sympathetically, in contrast to their fathers who are often cruel and harsh. Relations between the two are generally very strained. The themes were popular because they reflected the reality of growing up in a paternally dominated society where fathers had absolute power (even of life and death) over their sons. These declamations therefore had a cathartic effect and escapist value fer Roman teenaged boys, who could vent or explore in legitimate and acceptable ways their repressed, pent-up, and often hostile feelings toward their fathers. The declamations therefore provide an important resource, when used judiciously, for associating social history with the history of rhetoric.
Role of systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and derived variables in prediction of severity of myocardial ischemia during acute coronary occlusion in anesthetized dogs.

The present study examined the postulate that the quotient of mean systemic arterial pressure and heart rate predicts the severity of myocardial ischemia during occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Studies were performed in open-chest fentanyl-anesthetized dogs before and during halothane (n = 8) or isoflurane (n = 8) anesthesia. The pressure-rate quotient (PRQ) decreased significantly in both groups during incremental increases in halothane or isoflurane to 68% and 57% of control values at 0.5 MAC and to 41% and 38% at 1.5 MAC for halothane and isoflurane, respectively. Myocardial lactate production was unchanged from the ischemic region, and no correlation between the PRQ and myocardial lactate production was observed. In contrast, heart rate correlated significantly (r = 0.376; P less than 0.05) with lactate production. The product of systolic systemic arterial pressure and heart rate (rate-pressure product) correlated with blood flow (r = 0.493; P less than 0.001) and with oxygen consumption (r = 0.571; P less than 0.001) in the normal myocardium. A weak correlation (r = 0.330; P less than 0.05) of rate-pressure product with myocardial lactate production from the ischemic region was observed. There were no correlations between the PRQ and myocardial lactate production from the ischemic region or indices of blood flow distribution (i.e., inner/outer ratio in the ischemic region or ischemic/normal ratio). The relationship of hemodynamic variables to measurements of regional myocardial metabolism was independent of background anesthetic agent of depth of anesthesia. The current data suggest that heart rate changes are weakly predictive of severity of myocardial ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Treatment and Prevention of Thromboembolism After Spinal Cord Injury

Despite a greater awareness of thromboembolism, which includes deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, this condition continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with acute spinal cord injury. Although its true incidence and frequency are not entirely known, it is clear that preventive measures are warranted. In this article, the clinical presentation of thromboembolism and currently used diagnostic modalities will be presented. Recommended measures, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolism will then be discussed.
Changes in the Vibrational Population of SO(3Σ-) from the Photodissociation of SO2 between 202 and 207 nm†

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization with time-of-flight product imaging has been used to study the SO2 + hν → SO(3Σ-) + O(3P2) channel in the ultraviolet photodissociation of sulfur dioxide at photolysis wavelengths between 202 and 207 nm. These imaging experiments allowed the determination of the vibrational populations of the SO(3Σ-) fragment at several wavelengths. A change in the vibrational populations occurs from a distribution where most of the population is in v = 0 for wavelengths shorter than 203.0 nm to one where the population is more evenly distributed for longer wavelength dissociation. The changes in the internal energy distribution are attributed to participation of two different predissociation mechanisms. Our data suggest that the predissociation mechanism below 203.0 nm involves an avoided crossing with the repulsive singlet state 1A1.
Analysis of Base Drag Reduction by Base and/or External Burning

A simplified analysis that, however, treats all the primary physical and chemical processes of the flow has been developed. Numerical examples based on realistic values of the airstream and fuel conditions and parameters are used to illustrate the behavior of the resulting flow. It is shown that base burning at low fuel flow rates is attractive for base drag reduction. It is further shown that external burning adjacent to the base region is unattractive for base drag reduction or propulsion, either by itself or combined with base burning.
Distribution coefficients of 60 elements on TODGA resin: application to Ca, Lu, Hf, U and Th isotope geochemistry.

Batch equilibration experiments are conducted to measure the distribution coefficients (Kd) of a large number of elements in nitric, nitric plus hydrofluoric, and hydrochloric acids on Eichrom TODGA extraction chromatography resin. The Kds are used to devise a multi-element extraction scheme for high-precision elemental and isotopic analyses of Ca, Hf, Lu, Th and U in geological materials, using high-purity lithium metaborate (LiBO2) flux fusion that allows rapid digestion of even the most refractory materials. The fusion melt, dissolved in nitric acid, is directly loaded to a TODGA cartridge on a vacuum chamber for elemental separation. An Ln-Spec cartridge is used in tandem with TODGA for Lu purification. The entire procedure, from flux digestion to preparation for isotopic analysis, can be completed in a day. The accuracy of the proposed technique is tested by measuring the concentrations of Ca (standard bracketing), Hf, Lu, Th and U (isotope dilution), and the isotopic composition of Hf in geostandards (USNM3529, BCR-2, BHVO-1, AGV-1 and AGV-2). All measurements are in excellent agreement with recommended literature values, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed analytical procedure and the versatility of TODGA resin.
Proteomics analysis of amniotic fluid. A novel methodology to provide insight into the mechanisms of idiopathic preterm birth

PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO THE MECHANISMS OF IDIOPATHIC PRETERM BIRTH IRINA A. BUHIMSCHI, VICTOR A. ROSENBERG, SONYA S. ABDEL-RAZEQ, STEPHEN F. THUNG, CATALIN S. BUHIMSCHI, Yale University, Ob./Gyn.& Reprod.Sci., New Haven, Connecticut OBJECTIVE: Identification of relevant disease biomarkers that may impact prediction of preterm birth (PTB) and fetal outcome is critical. Recent advancement in proteomics has provided a valuable perspective related to several complex functional and molecular mechanisms (inflammation, bleeding) leading to PTB. Still, the etiology of most PTB remains elusive. A comprehensive analysis of the amniotic fluid (AF) proteome was conducted to identify disease biomarker patterns related to PTB in the absence of infection/ inflammation or bleeding. STUDY DESIGN: A proteomic fingerprint was generated from fresh AF using SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry in a total of 268 consecutive samples retrieved from women who presented with signs or symptoms of preterm labor or PPROM. Intra-amniotic inflammation and bleeding were excluded based on previously validated proteomic profiles and biomarker identification. Hierarchical clustering algorithms based on novel descriptors quantifying similarity/dissimilarity among tracings allowed identification of mass areas of interest. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTB !34 wks was 77%. A novel discriminatory profile was identified in the 10-14 kDa area of interest and consisted of 5 proteomic peaks (Q1-5; Figure). The abnormal profile was associated with PTB in the absence of intra-amniotic infection, inflammation or bleeding. Women displaying the novel profile were at 27.1 [16.3-36.1] wks GA at amniocentesis and most often presented with intact membranes. The novel profile appeared alone and all other tests of AF were normal in 85% (17/20) of cases. S6 SMFM Abstracts
Calling all parties: Now is the time to come to the aid of the balance sheet

Abstract Recently, accountants were instructed by President Bush to get their acts together. Indeed, the Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, and other recent corporate financial reporting failures have prompted a loss of faith in accountants and accounting. To a large extent, this loss of faith involves corporate balance sheets and it is warranted. Corporate managers and shareholders have a vested interest in addressing balance sheet shortcomings. This article highlights the pervasive shortcomings of contemporary corporate balance sheets, identifies the underlying foundational tensions creating those shortcomings, offers proposals to address those tensions, and discusses the potential implications of our proposals.
Structure of the Complement Factor 5a Receptor-Ligand Complex Studied by Disulfide Trapping and Molecular Modeling

Complement factor 5a (C5a) is an anaphylatoxin that acts by binding to a G protein-coupled receptor, the C5aR. The relative orientation of this ligand-receptor pair is investigated here using the novel technique of disulfide trapping by random mutagenesis (DTRM) and molecular modeling. In the DTRM technique, an unpaired cysteine is introduced in the ligand, and a library of randomly mutagenized receptors is screened to identify mutants that introduce a cysteine at a position in the receptor that allows functional interactions with the ligand. By repeating this analysis at six positions of C5a, we identify six unique sets of intermolecular interactions for the C5a-C5aR complex, which are then compared with an independently developed computational three-dimensional model of the complex. This analysis reveals that the interface of the receptor N terminus with the cysteine-containing ligand molecules is selected from a variety of possible receptor conformations that exist in dynamic equilibrium. In contrast, DTRM identifies a single position in the second extracellular loop of the receptor that interacts specifically with a cysteine probe placed in the C-terminal tail of the C5a ligand.
Y chromosome loss in childhood leukaemias.

Summary. During the past 3½ years cytogenetic studies have been performed on all children with leukaemia prior to treatment. Loss of the Y chromosome documented by chromosome banding techniques, was observed in bone marrow blast cells from two of 11 consecutive male children. One patient had acute myeloblastic leukaemia of t(8;21) type. The other patient was diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our studies provide evidence that Y loss occurs in childhood leukaemias and is not necessarily related to an ageing process as suggested by others. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that Y loss can occur as a sole abnormality in non-myeloid leukaemia.
Multiscale simulations of complex systems: computation meets reality

Multiscale simulations are evolving into a powerful tool for exploring the nature of complex physical phenomena. We discuss two representative examples of such phenomena, stress corrosion cracking and ultrafast DNA sequencing during translocation through nanopores, which are relevant to practical applications. Multiscale methods that are able to exploit the potential of massively parallel computer architectures, will offer unique insight into such complex phenomena. This insight can guide the design of novel devices and processes based on a fundamental understanding of the link between atomistic-scale processes and macroscopic behavior.
A constructive graph-theoretic solution of the Shannon switching game

A simple graph-theoretic solution to the Shannon two-person switching game is given. The solution is constructive in that algorithms have been formulated to determine if a game played on any given graph is a short, cut, or a neutral game. The proof makes use of a result due to Kishi and Kajitani, who showed that the edges of any linear graph G can be decomposed into a partition containing three blocks. From this partition one constructs three graphs that form a principal partition denoted by the ordered triple (D2, G2, H2). It is proved that the game is a short (cut) [neutral] game if and only if a distinguished edge e belongs to G_{2}(H_{2}) [D_{2}] . Strategies for playing each game are given. Finally, duality theory is used to prove that a global strategy exists for a cut game as well as for a short game, where by a global strategy with respect to a short game is meant that the short player can win with respect to any edge spanned by the pair of cospanning trees without knowing which of these edges is the distinguished edge with respect to the game being played.
Disambiguating sensory interpretations using minimal sets of sensory data

The problem of recognizing and locating objects in the workspace of a robot entails finding consistent interpretations of sensory data. Demands of speed require that the recognition problem be solved using as little sensory data as possible. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimally acquiring position and surface orientation data about points on the surfaces of objects, for use in recognizing objects. Here, optimal is taken to mean that, subject to restrictions on the sensing geometry, we predict positions for acquiring sensory data that are most stable under errors in the interpretation of the data and that will most rapidly reduce the current set of consistent interpretations of the data. The technique has been implemented and tested.
Small Baby Unit Improves Quality and Outcomes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.

OBJECTIVE: The survival rates for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants have improved, but many are discharged from the hospital with significant challenges. Our goal was to improve outcomes for this population by using a multidisciplinary team–based quality improvement approach. METHODS: A unique program called the Small Baby Unit (SBU) was established in a children’s hospital to care for the ELBW infant born at 28 weeks or less and weighing less than 1000 g at birth. These patients were cared for in a separate location from the main neonatal unit. A core multidisciplinary team that participates in ongoing educational and process-improvement collaboration provides care. Evidence-based guidelines and checklists standardized the approach. RESULTS: Data from the 2 years before and 4 years after opening the SBU are included. There was a reduction in chronic lung disease from 47.5% to 35.4% (P = .097). The rate of hospital-acquired infection decreased from 39.3% to 19.4% (P CONCLUSIONS: Care in a distinct unit by a consistent multidisciplinary SBU team using quality improvement methods improved outcomes in ELBW infants. Ongoing team engagement and development are required to sustain improved outcomes.
A secured cost-effective multi-cloud storage in cloud computing

The end of this decade is marked by a paradigm shift of the industrial information technology towards a pay-per-use service business model known as cloud computing. Cloud data storage redefines the security issues targeted on customer's outsourced data (data that is not stored/retrieved from the costumers own servers). In this work we observed that, from a customer's point of view, relying upon a solo SP for his outsourced data is not very promising. In addition, providing better privacy as well as ensuring data availability, can be achieved by dividing the user's data block into data pieces and distributing them among the available SPs in such a way that no less than a threshold number of SPs can take part in successful retrieval of the whole data block. In this paper, we propose a secured cost-effective multi-cloud storage (SCMCS) model in cloud computing which holds an economical distribution of data among the available SPs in the market, to provide customers with data availability as well as secure storage. Our results show that, our proposed model provides a better decision for customers according to their available budgets.
The Meander anticline, Canyonlands, Utah: An unloading structure resulting from horizontal gliding on salt

The axial trace of the Meander anticline, which has a cumulative length of 25.5 mi, coincides with the Colorado River in Canyonlands National Park. On the southeast side of the river, eight tributary canyons also contain anticlines. In all cases, the anticlines occupy canyons that are eroded between 400 and 1,800 ft into the Pennsylvanian-Permian section. A system of closely spaced grabens has developed in the Pennsylvanian-Permian rocks which comprise the plateaus adjacent to the deeper canyons. The grabens are most extensively developed southeast of the Colorado River, where they follow the strike of the Meander anticline for 17 mi and extend 9 mi into the plateau. The Pennsylvanian Paradox evaporites, consisting of 85% salt, underlie the entire anticline-graben complex. Principal stress axes can be deduced from the intersections between conjugate thrust faults in the cores of the anticlines and from the downward intersections of normal faults bounding the grabens. The maximum principal stresses associated with the anticlines are horizontal and perpendicular to the axial planes regardless of the strikes of the anticlines. In contrast, the maximum principal stresses associated with the grabens are near vertical and normal to the strikes of the faults. The conclusions of this study are that (1) the anticlines are unloading structures, and (2) the mechanism which best accounts for the observed stresses is one involving the breakup of the brittle plate above the Paradox salts and its simultaneous gliding toward nearby canyons. The breakup and motion within the brittle plate involve a three-dimensional deformation which is analogous to the deformation that takes place within large unbounded landslides. Through compaction of the section, largely accounted for by the downdropping of grabens, the deforming mass expands laterally, yet maintains horizontal continuity. The result is the establishment of horizontal stress gradients at depth which produce compression within the rocks that bridge the floors of the deep canyons regardless of the orientations of the canyons. Through a combination of horizontal shortening and arching, the compressed rocks fold into the observed anticlines. Salt flowage into the cores of the anticlines is not the causative mechanism in their development.
Intramitochondrial Sorting of the Precursor to Yeast Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit Va

We have continued our studies on the import pathway of the precursor to yeast cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va (pVa), a mitochondrial inner membrane protein. Previous work on this precursor demonstrated that import of pVa is unusually efficient, and that inner membrane localization is directed by a membrane-spanning domain in the COOH-terminal third of the protein. Here we report the results of studies aimed at analyzing the intramitochondrial sorting of pVa, as well as the role played by ancillary factors in import and localization of the precursor. We found that pVa was efficiently imported and correctly sorted in mitochondria prepared from yeast strains defective in the function of either mitochondrial heat shock protein (hsp)60 or hsp70. Under identical conditions the import and sorting of another mitochondrial protein, the precursor to the beta subunit of the F1 ATPase, was completely defective. Consistent with previous results demonstrating that the subunit Va precursor is loosely folded, we found that pVa could be efficiently imported into mitochondria after translation in wheat germ extracts. This results suggests that normal levels of extramitochondrial hsp70 are also not required for import of the protein. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which pVa is routed to the mitochondrial inner membrane. They suggest that while the NH2 terminus of pVa is exposed to the matrix and processed by the matrix metalloprotease, the protein remains anchored to the inner membrane before being assembled into a functional holoenzyme complex.
Tumorigenicity of simian virus 40-hepatocyte cell lines: effect of in vitro and in vivo passage on expression of liver-specific genes and oncogenes.

Abstract Five simian virus 40 (SV40)-hepatocyte cell lines were examined for tumorigenicity and the effect of in vitro passage on the expression of four liver-specific genes (albumin, transferrin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), two oncogenes (c-Ha-ras and c-raf), and two genes associated with hepatocarcinogenesis (alpha-fetoprotein and placental-type glutathione-S-transferase). At low passage (12 to 22), all five cell lines expressed the four liver-specific genes at levels similar to those in the liver and were not tumorigenic or were weakly tumorigenic. At high passage (33 to 61), the cell lines formed carcinomas, and four out of five cell lines produced primary tumors that metastasized. At least two cell lines produced well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas that expressed liver-specific RNAs. Levels of expression of liver-specific genes changed with time in culture. Some of the changes in liver-specific gene expression in the tumor tissue (such as for the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene) paralleled those that occurred with in vitro passage, while other changes (such as for the albumin gene) did not parallel those that occurred with in vitro passage. Correlations between enhanced expression of c-Ha-ras and tumorigenic potential and between the process of SV40 immortalization and induced expression of c-raf and glutathione-S-transferase-P were observed. Induction of alpha-fetoprotein was detected with in vitro and in vivo passage only in the CWSV14 cell line and was paralleled by diminished albumin expression. In conclusion, we developed a model system with five SV40-hepatocyte cell lines, tumors induced by them, and tumor cell lines to examine changes in gene expression that accompany the progression from a normal cell to a hepatocellular carcinoma. Because the SV40-hepatocyte cell lines and tumor cell lines remain highly differentiated and vary in the magnitude of expression of specific genes, they can be used to study the molecular mechanisms regulating gene expression, in particular those regulating specific genes associated with differentiation.
Gas Permeation and Microstructure of Silica Membranes Prepared using an Organic Template Approach by Sol-Gel Processing

This paper investigates microporous amorphous silica membranes prepared using an organic template sol-gel approach. We find that the introduction of organic methacryloxypropyl ligands results in a reduced average condensation rate and a lower extent of branching that promotes the collapse of the hybrid network upon drying leading to relatively dense hybrid organic-inorganic xerogels and films. Microporous silica xerogels and membranes, prepared by oxidative pyrolysis of the organic templates at 300 °C for 5 hours in oxygen, contained pores with constrictions of approximately 0.35 nm in diameter with a very narrow size distribution, as evidenced by single gas permeation measurements of a series of probe molecules.
Electrically Small Spheroidal Loops Wound on Hollow Ferrite Cores

The complete electrical properties of a small loop wound on a hollow spheroidal ferrite core are calculated using quasistatic theory. Closed-form expressions are derived for all of the elements of an equivalent circuit. It is shown that not only may the bandwidth be increased by the use of a ferrite core, but also that by redistributing the same volume of ferrite over a slightly larger spheroid as a thin layer, the bandwidth may be increased even more. Core losses are computed for a typical ferrite. Although the primary objective is to simplify the design of a transmitting antenna for use in the lower part of the HF band, 2 to 8 MHz, the theory presented is equally valid for the design of receiving antennas and for other frequencies.
Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and MAP Kinase and Akt Pathways in Oral Squamous cell Carcinoma by Genistein and Biochanin A

High morbidity and mortality associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are largely attributable to late stage diagnosis. Despite significant advances in therapeutic strategies, the five-year survival rate for oral cancer remains at about 50%. A chemopreventive approach may be an effective alternative or adjunct to current therapies. Previous studies have shown anti-tumor effects of isoflavones in several cancers, including oral cancer. However, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. We hypothesized that isoflavones inhibit multiple signaling pathways implicated in oral carcinogenesis. To address our hypothesis, we investigated the effects of three isoflavone derivatives, genistein, biochanin A and daidzein, on SCC15 and SCC25 squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. In cell proliferation experiments, we found that genistein and biochanin A inhibited SCC15 and SCC25 cell growth with an IC50 of 50 μM. We also investigated the effect of isoflavones on ERK and Akt pathways. Our results, from western blot analysis, suggest that both genistein and biochanin A induced decreases in phosphorylation of ERK and Akt at treatment concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 μM. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate a differential regulation of signaling pathways by various isoflavones in OSCC cell lines. Thus, tumor progression models can be utilized to study the preventive and therapeutic roles of isoflavones in oral cancer cell lines.
URBAN UNEASE: AN INTER‐URBAN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIOLOGICAL DIMENSION*

The concept of urban unease, first elucidated by James Q. Wilson in 1968, refers to a “sense of the failure of community” among urbanites. An exploratory analysis of the sociological dimension of u...
Face-name association learning and brain structural substrates in alcoholism.

BACKGROUND: Associative learning is required for face-name association and is impaired in alcoholism, but the cognitive processes and brain structural components underlying this deficit remain unclear. It is also unknown whether prompting alcoholics to implement a deep level of processing during face-name encoding would enhance performance. METHODS: Abstinent alcoholics and controls performed a levels-of-processing face-name learning task. Participants indicated whether the face was that of an honest person (deep encoding) or that of a man (shallow encoding). Retrieval was examined using an associative (face-name) recognition task and a single-item (face or name only) recognition task. Participants also underwent 3T structural MRI. RESULTS: Compared with controls, alcoholics had poorer associative and single-item learning and performed at similar levels. Level of processing at encoding had little effect on recognition performance but affected reaction time (RT). Correlations with brain volumes were generally modest and based primarily on RT in alcoholics, where the deeper the processing at encoding, the more restricted the correlations with brain volumes. In alcoholics, longer control task RTs correlated modestly with smaller tissue volumes across several anterior to posterior brain regions; shallow encoding correlated with calcarine and striatal volumes; deep encoding correlated with precuneus and parietal volumes; and associative recognition RT correlated with cerebellar volumes. In controls, poorer associative recognition with deep encoding correlated significantly with smaller volumes of frontal and striatal structures. CONCLUSIONS: Despite prompting, alcoholics did not take advantage of encoding memoranda at a deep level to enhance face-name recognition accuracy. Nonetheless, conditions of deeper encoding resulted in faster RTs and more specific relations with regional brain volumes than did shallow encoding. The normal relation between associative recognition and corticostriatal volumes was not present in alcoholics. Rather, their speeded RTs occurred at the expense of accuracy and were related most robustly to cerebellar volumes.
DERIVATION OF VA/Q DISTRIBUTION FROM BLOOD-GAS TENSIONS

Gas exchange was modelled by a Fortran program. Arterial blood-gas tensions have higher resolution than inert gas retentions in terms of distinguishing a single V˙A/Q˙ compartment from a progressively broadening lognormal distribution. The maximum number of compartments determinable by arterial blood-gas tensions is three; V˙A/Q˙ distributions containing more compartments are non-unique. Without utilizing 100% inspired oxygen, arterial blood-gas tensions cannot resolve the relative perfusion in shunt and low-V˙A/Q˙ compartments, but the total perfusion in these compartments is determinable. The way in which the arterial blood-gas tensions vary with the variables of two and three-compartment distributions is described. Two-and three-compartments V˙A/Q˙ distributions are derivable from either arterial blood-gas tensions or inert gas retentions.
Behaviour of the disease resistance gene Asc in protoplasts of Lycopersicon esculentum mill

Abstract Action of Asc , a single dominant Mendelian gene controlling disease response at the whole plant level, was detected at the level of individual cells. Protoplasts, freshly isolated from resistant ( Asc/Asc ) and susceptible ( asc/asc ) tomato isolines, were differentially sensitive to AAL toxin as observed in planta . Protoplast mortality was toxin concentration dependent in both isolines and required the same 24-36 h time frame as necrosis in leaflet tissue, but asc/asc protoplasts were 10-fold less sensitive (0.15 μM) and Asc/Asc protoplasts were over 100-fold less sensitive (> 150 μM) than corresponding leaflet tissue. Light was required for necrosis in leaflets but not in protoplasts; asc/asc leaflets kept in darkness remained green for 48 h at 100-fold excess toxin concentration whereas protoplasts showed equivalent sensitivity in light or dark. Aging diminished toxin sensitivity in both leaflets and in protoplasts. Fully expanded asc/asc leaflets were less than half as sensitive to AAL toxin (∼ 30% necrosis) as rapidly expanding leaflets (∼ 87% necrosis) while protoplasts from equivalent leaflets were only 80% as sensitive to AAL toxin 2 days after isolation and insensitive after 9 days. These data indicated that the action of the Asc gene is expressed in protoplasts, the process of cell death is analogous in single cells and intact leaves, but that additional processes expressed in differentiated tissue can modify Asc response to AAL-toxin.
Researchers' understanding of the federal guidelines for waiver of and exception from informed consent

The survival of patients who present to the emergency department with severe injury or illness is dismal. Resuscitation researchers are interested in advancing the science of resuscitation, and clinical studies must be conducted to determine the best treatment protocols. These studies must reflect good science and must balance individual patient autonomy and safety with scientific progress that benefits society as a whole. Researchers find the present federal guidelines on waiver of and exception from informed consent to be time consuming and expensive. They see variability in the requirements as interpreted by institutional review boards. There is confusion regarding the requirements for public notification and response to community consultation. They believe that the majority of the public, as well as health care professionals, want resuscitation research to progress, but a minority of people and governmental regulators are uncomfortable with waiver of and exception from informed consent for research studies. There is concern and some evidence that the federal guidelines have impeded the advancement of resuscitation science. Several strategies have been suggested to improve the situation. These include 1) better education of resuscitation researchers regarding the federal guidelines, 2) a toolbox for resuscitation researchers clarifying the guidelines, 3) advocacy for the advancement of resuscitation science as a public good, and 4) a national research advisory board that provides unbiased reviews of clinical studies and guidelines for local institutional review boards regarding risks, benefits, and communication strategies for waiver of and exception from consent proposals.
Thin-film solar cells: A unified analysis of their potential

The development and deployment of low-cost thin-film solar cells for the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity can be accelerated by the utilization of loss minimization and cost minimization methodologies. The solar cell is separated into its five constituent layers to provide a common basis for the development of these methodologies. Photovoltaic theory, materials science, and loss analysis are combined to develop the loss minimization methodology which can be used to systematically improve and optimize performance of any solar-cell material system. The techniques of the chemical process industry have been applied to achieve cost minimization. The loss-and cost-minimization methodologies have been combined into a generalized procedure for the accelerated development of all low-cost thin-film photovoltaic material systems.
Assessing the quality of absolute hydration free energies among CHARMM‐compatible ligand parameterization schemes

Multipurpose atom-typer for CHARMM (MATCH), an atom-typing toolset for molecular mechanics force fields, was recently developed in our laboratory. Here, we assess the ability of MATCH-generated parameters and partial atomic charges to reproduce experimental absolute hydration free energies for a series of 457 small neutral molecules in GBMV2, Generalized Born with a smooth SWitching (GBSW), and fast analytical continuum treatment of solvation (FACTS) implicit solvent models. The quality of hydration free energies associated with small molecule parameters obtained from ParamChem, SwissParam, and Antechamber are compared. Given optimized surface tension coefficients for scaling the surface area term in the nonpolar contribution, these automated parameterization schemes with GBMV2 and GBSW demonstrate reasonable agreement with experimental hydration free energies (average unsigned errors of 0.9-1.5 kcal/mol and R(2) of 0.63-0.87). GBMV2 and GBSW consistently provide slightly more accurate estimates than FACTS, whereas Antechamber parameters yield marginally more accurate estimates than the current generation of MATCH, ParamChem, and SwissParam parameterization strategies. Modeling with MATCH libraries that are derived from different CHARMM topology and parameter files highlights the importance of having sufficient coverage of chemical space within the underlying databases of these automated schemes and the benefit of targeting specific functional groups for parameterization efforts to maximize both the breadth and the depth of the parameterized space.
Separation and Recovery of Metals from Dilute Solids and Aqueous Phases

Abstract Present practice for the extraction of metals from low grade dilute ore sources and the recovery of metal values from dilute solutions is reviewed. Special problems associated with extraction from both solid and aqueous phases for copper, gold and silver recovery are considered. Emphasis is directed toward the application of insitu solution mining technology for recovery of metal values in the future.
Interpretable boosted naïve Bayes classification

Voting methods such as boosting and bagging provide substantial improvements in classification performance in many problem domains. However, the resulting predictions can prove inscrutable to end-users. This is especially problematic in domains such as medicine, where end-user acceptance often depends on the ability of a classifier to explain its reasoning. Here we propose a variant of the boosted naive Bayes classifier that facilitates explanations while retaining predictive performance.
Metabolic fate of tritiated busulfan in man.

Abstract Studies with tritiated busulfan were performed in 9 patients, 8 of whom had a myeloproliferative disorder. Initial plasma clearance, daily plasma concentration, and urinary excretion of radioactivity were determined. These data showed a fast clearance of the drug from the plasma initially, a gradual accumulation of radioactivity in the plasma after repeated doses, and a urinary excretion of less than 50 per cent of the total dose given. These findings suggested a slow elimination of the metabolic products from the body.
Electrostatic Droplet Actuation for Micro Scale Thermal Management

This paper presents a unified model for the velocity of microdroplets actuated by the application of a dc electric field. Simple algebraic expressions for steady state droplet velocities are presented, as well as exact and approximate transient solutions. Specific results in terms of known experimental parameters are derived for the cases of electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), dielectrophoresis (DEP), and continuous electrowetting (CEW). The eect of contact angle hysteresis is included in the model in terms of advancing and receding contact angles, and velocity predictions are shown to agree with previously published theoretical and experimental results. The use of these actuation methods for active thermal management of compact microsystems via an array of discrete microdroplets, a process we refer to as ‘digitized heat transfer,’ is proposed. Preliminary calculations indicate that this technique will oer a viable cooling strategy for achieving the most important objectives of electronic cooling, i.e., minimization of the maximum substrate temperature, reduction of the substrate temperature gradient and removing substrate hot spots.
BURNETT SIMULATIONS OF FLOWS IN MICROGEOMETRIES

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in computing gas flows at high Knudsen numbers in microgeometries. At low Knudsen numbers, models based on the solution of compressible Navier-Stokes equations with slip boundary conditions are adequate. At high Knudsen numbers, either higher-order (beyond Navier- Stokes) continuum equations or the particle methods such as Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) are employed to compute the flows. Higher-order continuum approximations are based on the Chapman-Enskog expansion of Boltzmann equation (leading to Burnett and super-Burnett equations), or moment methods based on taking the moments of the Boltzmann equation with flow variables (leading to Grad's 13 moments equations or Levermore's moments equations for example). In this paper, the augmented Burnett calculations are presented for Couette flow, subsonic channel flow, and lid-driven cavity flow in microscale. These computations are compared with Navier-Stokes solutions with slip boundary conditions. The computations provide some assessment of Burnett equations for computing microscale flows at high Knudsen numbers. Nomenclature
Consideration of Strong & Smart Grid

The interpretation and cognition to the concept and content of smart grid in worldwide was introduced,the necessity to build strong smart grid and required qualification was studied.To build a strong smart grid is the tendency to meet the future needs of human society development.The future strong smart grid will provide economic development a more stable and reliable ensurement,provide better quality of life for people as well as flexible and personalized services while protect the environment,save energy and make greater contribution.
Adherent Suppressor Cells in the Blood of Patients with Bladder Cancer

AbstractPatients with advanced bladder cancer frequently show a low mixed lymphocyte reaction. Depressed mixed lymphocyte reactions may be augmented by removing adherent cells, which appear to be monocytes. Since cancer patients often have a larger proportion of monocytes than normal individuals they may have suppression simply because of an increase in the number of these cells. This possibility was tested by adding increasing numbers of autologous irradiated monocytes or lymphocytes to mixed lymphocyte reactions depleted of adherent cells. The results showed that 1) monocytes from normal individuals increased the mixed lymphocyte reaction at optimal concentrations 3 to 4-fold and suppressed it at higher than optimal concentrations, 2) lymphocytes at equivalent concentrations were not suppressive and 3) monocytes from the cancer patients whose mixed lymphocyte reaction was low did not increase the mixed lymphocyte reaction at any concentration and suppressed it at lower concentrations than monocytes from...
Family-focused Behavioral Pediatrics: Clinical Techniques for Primary Care

Whenever a behavioral or psychosocial problem presents in a child, all members of the family are affected. Conversely, when the problem lies within the family, the child is affected and often presents as the symptomatic patient. The goals of family-focused pediatrics are to: 1) determine the need for a family intervention; 2) conduct a family interview-assessment; 3) clarify the issues; 4) teach healthy communication skills and interactions; and 5) facilitate generation of family goals and solutions. Family-focused strategies provide an effective, brief, and timely approach that can aid the pediatrician in helping children and their families function in more healthy and satisfying ways.
God and Inferential Knowledge

In these final chapters of the study, my aim is to say as clearly as I can what the knowledge of God means in the light of the philosophical analysis and biblical exegesis undertaken in the previous Chapters.
Identifying power system transient stability status based on the features of synchronized voltage phasor trajectory clustering

At present, transient stability analysis is still of great importance for power system operations, and is only expected to increase in importance with the introduction of non-synchronous renewable generation. This paper proposes a voltage phasor trajectory recognition algorithm, aiming at precisely identifying de-synchronization of a power system with high accuracy. The proposed algorithm is shown to be capable of accurately assessing transient stability and severity level of disturbance in a power system.