cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adrenocorticotropin production by the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary. An electron microscopic-immunohistochemical study

Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was localized in the intermediate lobes of normal rat pituitaries with unlabeled antibody and the soluble peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex at the electron microscopic level. All of the intermediate lobe cells (light and dark cells) stained positively for ACTH. Stain of varying intensity was found on secretory granules and vesicles. Structures which resembled rough endoplasmic reticulum stained where the secretory granules and vesicles were most numerous. No stain was on mitochondria, in nuclei, in cisternae and granules of Golgi complexes, or in rough endoplasmic reticulum where there were few secretory granules. There were distinct immunohistochemical differences between the pars intermedia and anterior lobe ACTH cells. In the ACTH cells of the anterior lobe, the Golgi complex and its granules stained strongly, but not at all in the pars intermedia cells. This suggests that ACTH may not be packaged or condensed in the Golgi region of the latter.
Casuistry—Past and Present: A Search Engine for the Resolution of Ethical Dilemmas in Health Care

Ethical dilemmas within any system are created when moral principles are cited for opposing actions with neither side presenting the obvious right course to follow. Principle-driven decision making has its obvious limitations. Casuistry presents an alternative system for making ethical decisions. Principles in this approach are neither ignored nor discarded; rather they serve as general statements describing human behavior, out of which come “paradigm cases” illustrating the most manifest breaches of the general principle for the casuist. Scrutiny of a series of cases from the simplest most parsimonious to the most complex is undertaken to resolve the doubt inherent in ethical dilemmas; reasonable expectations are discovered in subsequent cases, driving the search until resolution is reached. The casuist sets out to join unique individual cases with general principles without discounting the validity of either, all the while determining how exactly to act in a particular situation.
Influence of Mothers on School Adjustment of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Children

In school children on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), school adjustment is regarded as an important indicator for comprehensive medical care. The aim of the present study was to e...
Gordillo, Gastón Rubble: The Afterlife of Destruction

In Rubble, Gaston Gordillo, author of Landscapes of Devils: Tensions of Place and Memory in the Argentinean Chaco (Duke University Press, 2004), revisits the Chaco. This ethnography of ruination, v...
Analysis of common pollutants in crayfish

[Objective] To study the polllution status of heavy metals and pentachlorophenol in crayfish of Wuxi.[Methods] The contents of Pb and Cd in crayfish were detected by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry,the content of Hg was detected by direct mercury analyzer,and the content of pentachlorophenol was detected by HPLC-MS.[Results] The contents of Pb and Cd in crawfish head were greatly higher than those in crawfish tail,on the contrary,the content of Hg in crawfish head was greatly lower than those in crawfish tail.The pentachlorophenol was not detected.[Conclusion] In order to avoid cumulative heavy metal poisoning,it is suggested to discard the crawfish head when someone eats crawfish.
Strain-induced growth instability and nanoscale surface patterning in perovskite thin films.

Despite extensive studies on the effects of epitaxial strain on the evolution of the lattice and properties of materials, considerably less work has explored the impact of strain on growth dynamics. In this work, we demonstrate a growth-mode transition from 2D-step flow to self-organized, nanoscale 3D-island formation in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/SrRuO3/SrTiO3 (001) heterostructures as the kinetics of the growth process respond to the evolution of strain. With increasing heterostructure thickness and misfit dislocation formation at the buried interface, a periodic, modulated strain field is generated that alters the adatom binding energy and, in turn, leads to a kinetic instability that drives a transition from 2D growth to ordered, 3D-island formation. The results suggest that the periodically varying binding energy can lead to inhomogeneous adsorption kinetics causing preferential growth at certain sites. This, in conjunction with the presence of an Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier, gives rise to long-range, periodically-ordered arrays of so-called “wedding cake” 3D nanostructures which self-assemble along the [100] and [010].
Use of plasmid-mediated resistance to the antibiotic G418 for the rapid screening of a yeast mutant library

Both haploid and diploid yeast cells are sensitive to the antibiotic G418. The former develop spontaneous resistance to G418 at a frequency of approximately 2 X 10(-6), however, the frequency of resistance in diploids is less than 1 X 10(-9) and was undetectable in these experiments. Mating of spontaneously resistant haploid cells to G418-sensitive strains yields sensitive diploids, indicating that spontaneous resistance to the antibiotic is a recessive trait. Both haploid and diploid cells can be efficiently transformed to G418 resistance by a plasmid carrying the Escherichia coli kanamycin resistance (kanr) marker. The ability to select for cells transformed with plasmids containing the kanr gene has facilitated the screening of a large series of temperature sensitive yeast mutants to determine whether any of them are allelic to RAD3.
The American State from the Civil War to the New Deal: The Great War

THE ARMY AND SOCIAL REFORM “Once lead this people into war,” New York World editor Frank I. Cobb reported Wilson saying, “and they’ll forget there ever was such a thing as tolerance.” He thought the Constitution would not survive it. That free speech and the rights of assembly would go. Whether or not Wilson ever made this statement, the First World War showed that war was a boon to, not the nemesis of, progressivism. The progressive impulses of Theodore Roosevelt meshed perfectly with his militarism. But even progressives who professed pacifism recognized the benefits of war. In 1910, Harvard philosopher William James explained that progressives sought “the moral equivalent of war,” a cause that would inspire men to make in peacetime the same sacrifices they made in war. The martial virtues might no longer be needed for war, James argued, but remained “absolute and permanent human goods.” He hoped that the zeal that men had heretofore displayed in wars for plunder and glory could be turned to crusading against civil ills such as gross inequality. “Instead of military conscription,” James called for “a conscription of the whole youthful population to form for a certain number of years a part of the army enlisted against Nature .” James argued that “gilded youth” especially should be drafted to experience the life of the disadvantaged working classes. “The only thing needed henceforward,” James concluded, “is to inflame the civic temper as past history has inflamed the military temper.” In many ways, the First World War was the first New Deal, showing progressives the power that government could exercise in wartime. But America’s war was too brief. Later progressives would seek what historian William Leuchtenburg called “the analogue of war.”
Pb-Sr isotopic and geochemical constraints on sources and processes of lead contamination in well waters and soil from former fruit orchards, Pennsylvania, USA: A legacy of anthropogenic activities

Abstract Isotopic discrimination can be an effective tool in establishing a direct link between sources of Pb contamination and the presence of anomalously high concentrations of Pb in waters, soils, and organisms. Residential wells supplying water containing up to 1600 ppb Pb to houses built on the former Mohr orchards commercial site, near Allentown, PA, were evaluated to discern anthropogenic from geogenic sources. Pb (n = 144) and Sr (n = 40) isotopic data and REE (n = 29) data were determined for waters from residential wells, test wells (drilled for this study), and surface waters from pond and creeks. Local soils, sediments, bedrock, Zn-Pb mineralization and coal were also analyzed (n = 94), together with locally used Pb-As pesticide (n = 5). Waters from residential and test wells show overlapping values of 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/207Pb and 87Sr/86Sr. Larger negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*) distinguish residential wells from test wells. Results show that residential and test well waters, sediments from residential water filters in water tanks, and surface waters display broad linear trends in Pb isotope plots. Pb isotope data for soils, bedrock, and pesticides have contrasting ranges and overlapping trends. Contributions of Pb from soils to residential well waters are limited and implicated primarily in wells having shallow water-bearing zones and carrying high sediment contents. Pb isotope data for residential wells, test wells, and surface waters show substantial overlap with Pb data reflecting anthropogenic actions (e.g., burning fossil fuels, industrial and urban processing activities). Limited contributions of Pb from bedrock, soils, and pesticides are evident. High Pb concentrations in the residential waters are likely related to sediment build up in residential water tanks. Redox reactions, triggered by influx of groundwater via wells into the residential water systems and leading to subtle changes in pH, are implicated in precipitation of Fe oxyhydroxides, oxidative scavenging of Ce(IV), and desorption and release of Pb into the residential water systems. The Pb isotope features in the residences and the region are best interpreted as reflecting a legacy of industrial Pb present in underlying aquifers that currently supply the drinking water wells.
Epiphytic Survival of Pantoea ananatis on Richardia scabra L. in Georgia

Pantoea ananatis, the causal organism of center rot of onion (Allium cepa L.), can survive on different weeds but, in a previous survey, it was most commonly found on Florida pusley (Richardia scabra L.). The epiphytic survival of P. ananatis on R. scabra under different temperature and moisture regimes was investigated. Weed seedlings were spray inoculated with rifampicin-resistant strain PNA 97-1rif at either 103 or 108 CFU/ml and incubated in a growth chamber at 15.5 or 21.1°C at 65% relative humidity for 96 h postinoculation (hpi), which represented the mean environmental conditions during mid-March to mid-May in Vidalia, GA when onion production and R. scabra presence overlap. For plants inoculated with P. ananatis at 103 CFU/ml, the bacterium survived for 96 hpi when incubated at 21.1°C, with mean populations of 1.7 × 102 CFU/g of leaf tissue. In contrast, no viable bacteria were detected after 72 hpi at 15.5°C. For plants inoculated with P. ananatis at 108 CFU/ml, the bacterium survived for 96 hpi ...
Folding Membrane Proteins by Contacts Inferred from Non-Membrane Proteins and Near-Atomic Level Refinement

Computational prediction of membrane protein structure is very challenging due to lack of sufficient solved structures as templates or training data. Recently direct evolutionary coupling (EC) analysis has shed some light on protein contact prediction and accordingly contact-assisted folding. Limited by information within a single protein family, EC analysis is effective only on some very large-sized families. We have developed a deep transfer learning method to predict contacts for membrane proteins not in a large family, by making use of information in thousands of non-membrane protein families. Deep learning can learn complex patterns from large datasets and has recently revolutionized object and speech recognition and the GO game. Our deep learning method learns contact patterns and the complex relationship between contacts and protein features (amino acid property, residue conservation level and residue co-evolution strength) from non-membrane proteins, but can predict membrane protein contacts very well. Tested on 398 non-redundant membrane proteins, the average top L/10 long-range contact prediction accuracy of our method is 0.78, much better than the representative EC method CCMpred (0.52), the CASP11 winner MetaPSICOV (0.61) and the methods trained by only membrane proteins (0.60). When some membrane proteins are added into the training data, we can further improve accuracy by ∼4%. Using only our predicted contacts, we can correctly fold 160 test membrane proteins with RMSD <8A while homology modeling, CCMpred and MetaPSICOV contacts can fold only 10, 60 and 87 proteins, respectively. We further refine the 3D models built from predicted contacts using Upside, a near-atom-level and ultra-fast molecular dynamics method. In addition to membrane-, residue-specific and depth-dependent energy potential, Upside improves model quality by also refining non-membrane portions and refolding loop regions. Initial results indicate that Upside can indeed improve our contact-assisted models.
Precatheterization Assessment and Preparation

Cardiac catheterization in the patient with congenital heart disease shares few common elements with routine cardiac catheterization in the adult with isolated coronary or even valvular heart disease. Indeed, although many of the tools are similar, the indications for catheterization, the techniques used, and interventions performed are widely diverse. Nevertheless, both types of procedures require careful preparation that is individualized to the specific patient and case.
Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy: Overview of a Worldwide Epidemic

By 2013, the world’s population reached 7.2 billion with 138.8 million annual births and 54.9 million annual deaths [145]. The global population is projected to continue to increase, reaching 8.3 billion people by 2013, with 13% of these people falling into the fastest-growing age group – those over the age of 65 [119]. The world’s changing demographic profile results from a remarkable transition in the causes of death. No longer are people primarily dying from communicable diseases. Rather, most deaths today are the result of noncommunicable diseases, a shift which has dominated the statistical patterns of industrialized countries for decades and is now also the trend in low- and middle-income countries.
Observational Study on Safety of Prehospital BLS CPAP in Dyspnea.

Introduction Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves outcomes in patients with respiratory distress. Additional benefits are seen with CPAP application in the prehospital setting. Theoretical safety concerns regarding Basic Life Support (BLS) providers using CPAP exist. In Delaware’s (USA) two-tiered Emergency Medical Service (EMS) system, BLS often arrives before Advanced Life Support (ALS). Hypothesis This study fills a gap in literature by evaluating the safety of CPAP applied by BLS prior to ALS arrival. Methods This was a retrospective, observational study using Quality Assurance (QA) data collected from October 2009 through December 2012 throughout a state BLS CPAP pilot program; CPAP training was provided to BLS providers prior to participation. Collected data include pulse-oximetry (spO2), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), skin color, and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) before and after CPAP application. Pre-CPAP and post-CPAP values were compared using McNemar’s and t-tests. Advanced practitioners evaluated whether CPAP was correctly applied and monitored and whether the patient condition was “improved,” “unchanged,” or “worsened.” Results Seventy-four patients received CPAP by BLS; CPAP was correctly indicated and applied for all 74 patients. Respiratory status and CPAP were appropriately monitored and documented in the majority of cases (98.6%). A total of 89.2% of patients improved and 4.1% worsened; CPAP significantly reduced the proportion of patients with SpO2 24, and cyanosis (P<.01). The GCS improved from mean (standard deviation [SD]) 13.9 (SD=1.9) to 14.1 (SD=1.9) after CPAP (mean difference [MD]=0.17; 95% CI, -0.49 to 0.83; P=.59). The HR decreased from 115.7 (SD=53) to 105.1 (SD=37) after CPAP (MD=-10.9; 95% CI, -3.2 to -18.6; P<.01). The SpO2 increased from 80.8% (SD=11.4) to 96.9% (SD=4.2) after CPAP (MD=17.8; 95% CI, 14.2-21.5; P<.01). Conclusion The BLS providers were able to determine patients for whom CPAP was indicated, to apply it correctly, and to appropriately monitor the status of these patients. The majority of patients who received CPAP by BLS providers had improvement in their clinical status and vital signs. The findings suggest that CPAP can be safely used by BLS providers with appropriate training. Sahu N , Matthews P , Groner K , Papas MA , Megargel R . Observational Study on Safety of Prehospital BLS CPAP in Dyspnea. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):610–614.
Analysis of Safety Injection Fluid Mixing in the Downcomer and Cold Leg of Pressurized Water Reactors

Four PWR designs were analyzed to obtain detailed three dimensional temperature and velocity distributions in the downcomers for the various pressurized thermal shock conditions.
Learning progressions as tools for assessment and learning

This article addresses the teaching and learning side of the learning progressions literature, calling out for measurement specialists the knowledge most needed when collaborating with subject-matt...
Study of the Spacial and Temporal Structure of Turbulence in the Nocturnal Residual Layer

Of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) sublayers defined by Stull (1988, pp. 10–11), the nighttime residual layer (RL) may be the least understood. One reason for this is that, unlike the daytime convective boundary layer and surface based nocturnal boundary layer, the RL is in general decoupled from the surface. Consequently, turbulence in the RL does not scale with surface turbulent quantities, and derivation of accurate similarity relationships is difficult, if not impossible. Although qualitative success has been achieved in relating RL turbulence to the gradient Richardson number (Ri) (Mahrt et al., 1979; Lenschow et al., 1987; Kim and Mahrt, 1992), oftentimes these scalings quantitatively fail due to overly coarse vertical differencing in computing Ri (Padman and Jones, 1985). Study of RL turbulence is further complicated by the wide variety of atmospheric forcing mechanisms present during the night. Since nighttime turbulent intensities are small, forcing by radiation, baroclinity, topographic drainage flows, and gravity waves can become important. Variability in each of these leads to a seemingly infinite number of possible RL turbulent time/height structures (e. g., Andre et al., 1978; Garratt, 1985; Lenschow et al., 1978; Heilman and Takle, 1991; Weber and Kurzeja, 1991).
Giving the customer what they want is a risk to public health

The scenario that Rosen describes—of patients with sore throats requesting antibiotics against doctors’ professional judgment—happens daily in the surgery.1 I am a general practitioner not a supermarket, …
Exploratory mapping of theoretical landscapes through word use in abstracts

We present a case study of how scientometric tools can reveal the structure of scientific theory in a discipline. Specifically, we analyze the patterns of word use in the discipline of cognitive science using latent semantic analysis, a well-known semantic model, in the abstracts of over a thousand academic papers relevant to these theories. Our results show that it is possible to link these theories with specific statistical distributions of words in the abstracts of papers that espouse these theories. We show that theories have different patterns of word use, and that the similarity relationships with each other are intuitive and informative. Moreover, we show that it is possible to predict fairly accurately the theory of a paper by constructing a model of the theories based on their distribution of word use. These results may open new avenues for the application of scientometric tools on theoretical divides.
in vivo steroid biogenesis and metabolism in the human term placenta 2. in situ placental perfusion with cholesterol-7α-3H

Abstract Two human term placentas have been perfused in situ with cholesterol-7α-3H. The perfusions were carried out at the time of elective repeat cesarean section and tubal ligation in term pregnancies. The major tritiated steroid identified was pregnenolone. It is suggested that the human placenta has the capacity to utilize circulating cholesterol at this stage of steroid biogenesis.
Arm-degradable star polymers with crosslinked ladder-motif cores as a route to soluble microporous nanoparticles

We report a strategy to synthesize controlled star polymers with cores consisting of crosslinked (macro)molecular ladder motifs. In this strategy, living ROMP of norbornenes or norbornene-terminated macromonomers was used to produce arms followed by crosslinking using ladder-shaped dinorbornenes or norbornene-terminated ladder polymers to form star polymers. When degradable grafted arms were used, the cores can be isolated as soluble polymeric nanoparticles upon arm degradation. We demonstrated the presence of microporosity from the crosslinked ladder core of star polymers. This strategy provides access to a new class of soluble and stable microporous polymeric nanoparticles.
Advances in Discovering Deubiquitinating Enzyme (DUB) Inhibitors

Deubiquitinating enzymes, or DUBs, comprise a family of proteases that regulate ubiquitination dynamics. Since their discovery, genetic and functional studies have nominated DUBs as a promising class for drug discovery across diverse therapeutic areas. Consequent probe and drug discovery efforts over the past 15 years have resulted in over 50 reported inhibitors and advances in DUB structural studies, assay formats, and chemical biology tools. Accumulating knowledge from these studies has enabled several important recent breakthroughs. In this review, we highlight recent successes in solving DUB-ligand co-structures and the development of rigorously characterized potent and selective inhibitors. We posit that these advances in pharmacological targeting of DUBs establish the enzyme family as targetable and provide a framework for other DUBs programs. Accordingly, we envision increasingly rapid progress in the development of potent and selective inhibitors for a wide range of DUBs and advancement of DUB-targeting drugs to the clinic.
Heart rate variability measures for prediction of severity of illness and poor outcome in ED patients with sepsis.

Abstract Introduction This study evaluates the utility of heart rate variability (HRV) for assessment of severity of illness and poor outcome in Emergency Department (ED) patients with sepsis. HRV measures evaluated included low frequency (LF) signal, high frequency (HF) signal, and deviations in LF and HF signal from age-adjusted reference values. Methods This was a prospective, observational study. Seventy-two adult ED patients were assessed within 6 h of arrival. Results Severity of illness as defined by sepsis subtype correlated with decreased LF signal (sepsis: 70.68 ± 22.95, severe sepsis: 54.00 ± 28.41, septic shock: 45.54 ± 23.31, p = 0.02), increased HF signal (sepsis: 27.87 ± 19.42, severe sepsis: 44.63 ± 27.29, septic shock: 47.66 ± 20.98, p = 0.01), increasingly negative deviations in LF signal (sepsis: 0.41 ± 24.53, severe sepsis: −21.43 ± 30.09, septic shock −30.39 ± 26.09, p = 0.005) and increasingly positive deviations in HF signal (sepsis: −1.86 ± 21.09, severe sepsis: 20.07 ± 29.03, septic shock: 23.6 ± 24.17, p = 0.004). Composite poor outcome correlated with decreased LF signal (p = 0.008), increased HF signal (p = 0.03), large negative deviations in LF signal (p = 0.004) and large positive deviations in HF signal (p = 0.02). Deviations in LF and HF signal from age-adjusted reference values correlated with individual measures of poor outcome with greater consistency than LF or HF signal. Discussion Accounting for the influence of age on baseline HRV signal improves the predictive value of HRV measures in ED patients with sepsis.
The Birkhoff Interpolation Problem: New Methods and Results

This paper is devoted exclusively to the problem of regularity of matrices of Birkhoff interpolation. We assume that there is given a system of n times continuously differentiable functions U = {uo,...,un} on (a,b). Let \({\text{E = }}\left( {{\text{e}}_{{\text{ik}}} } \right)_{{\text{i}} = 1}^{\text{m}} ,_{{\text{k = 0}}}^{\text{n}} \) be an incidence matrix of order n, with elements eik equal to zero or one, and precisely n+1 elements one.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Screening Extremely Low Birth Weight Children for Hepatoblastoma Using Serum Alpha-fetoprotein

Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening children born at extremely low birth weight (ELBW) for hepatoblastoma using serial serum alpha-fetoprotein measurements. Study design We created a decision tree to evaluate the cost effectiveness of screening children born at ELBW between 3 and 48 months of age compared with current standard of care (no screening). Our model used discounted lifetime costs and monetary benefits in 2018 US dollars, based on estimates in the published literature. The effects of uncertainty in model parameters were also assessed using univariate sensitivity analyses, in which we changed the values for one parameter at a time to assess the effect on the estimated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Results For the estimated 55 699 children born at ELBW in the US each year, this screening is associated with 77.7 additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at a cost of $8.7 million. This results in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of about $112 000/QALY, which is considered cost effective from a US societal perspective. For children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma, our model finds that the screening regimen is associated with a 10.1% increase in survival, a 4.18% increase in expected QALYs, and a $245 184 decrease in expected cost. Conclusions Screening ELBW children for hepatoblastoma between 3 and 48 months of age dominates the alternative and is cost effective from a societal perspective.
Change in surgeon for revision rhinoplasty: The impact of patient demographics and surgical technique on patient retention

Objectives A subset of patients who require revision rhinoplasty will change surgeons for their second procedure. We sought to investigate the rate of surgeon change and identify associated predictors using a population-based, ambulatory surgery database. Methods/study design In this retrospective review, 9172 rhinoplasty procedures over a 5-year period were analyzed using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Florida State Ambulatory Surgery and Services Database (SASD). We identified 380 patients who had at least two rhinoplasty procedures between 2009 and 2014. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of patients changing surgeons for their second documented rhinoplasty. Results Among the 380/8531 (4.4%) patients who underwent a revision rhinoplasty, 117/380 (30.8%) patients changed surgeons for their subsequent procedure within a 5-year period. Multivariable logistic regression identified a lower likelihood of surgeon change in patients undergoing functional or cosmetic cartilage grafting procedures (OR 0.342, 95%CI 0.155-0.714, P = .006) and in patients who self-paid for their procedure (OR 0.476, 95%CI 0.225-0.984, P = .048). One hundred twenty-four patients underwent a cosmetic revision rhinoplasty and were twice as likely to change surgeons as those who underwent functional revision rhinoplasty (OR 2.042 95%CI 1.046-4.050, P = .038). Time elapsed (>2 years) was positively correlated with likelihood of surgeon change (OR 1.236, 95%CI 1.153-1.333, P < .001). Conclusion In our analysis, 30.8% of patients changed surgeons for their revision rhinoplasty. Cartilage grafting at the time of index procedure and cash payment correlated with a decreased likelihood of surgeon change. Patients were more likely to change surgeons with increased time elapsed or for an aesthetic revision. Clarifying features associated with surgeon change may help improve patient satisfaction and retention.
First-principles calculations of N- and P-type doping in wurtzite and zincblende GaN

The formation energies, activation energies, and self-compensation effects of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), carbon (C), beryllium (Be), and magnesium (Mg) in wurtzite (wz-) and zincblende (zb-) GaN are explored through a unified hybrid density-functional theory. The common donors (Si and Ge) are promising donors for both wz- and zb-GaN due to small activation energies (< 30 meV). The popular acceptor alternatives (C and Be) have smaller activation energies of 490 and 134 meV in zb-GaN relative to that of 590 and 205 meV wz-GaN, respectively. However, neither C nor Be is expected to outperform Mg as the former suffers from considerable activation energy, and a strong self-compensation effect limits the latter. Mg's activation energy in zb-GaN is 153 meV, which is lower than that of 226 meV in wz-GaN. For the selfcompensation effects, C, Si, and Ge favor the interstitial incorporation in wz-GaN than zb-GaN, while Be and Mg behave oppositely. This is attributed to the coherence between the orbital symmetry and the geometrical symmetry of the interstitial site.
The Commemorative Continuum of Partition Violence

While the Indian and Pakistani governments engage in monumental and ceremonial commemoration of their independence from the British, neither government officially memorializes the traumatic experiences and human loss of the division of British India into the two new nations in 1947. This chapter investigates the absence of Partition memorials and how global South Asian communities are producing virtual memory initiatives modeled on Holocaust commemoration to confront their fear of erasure. It juxtaposes the development of new digital oral history projects by South Asian diaspora communities and formal recognition (and the absence thereof) at physical sites of Partition memory in both India and Pakistan. The absence of formal commemoration of Partition remains conspicuous. Since memorials are both “sites of memory” and “sites of mourning,” the lay public has intervened (Nora 1989; Winter, 1995). Digital media allow them to circumvent the involvement or support of the state. In the absence of official commemoration, transnational communities are asserting ownership over these experiences and developing initiatives to ensure their remembrance.
Low-energy effective field theories of fermion liquids and the mixed U ( 1 ) × R d anomaly

In this paper, we study gapless fermionic and bosonic systems in $d$-dimensional continuum space with $U(1)$ particle-number-conservation and ${\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ translation symmetry. We present low-energy effective field theories for several gapless phases with the $U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ symmetry. The $U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathbb{R}}^{d}$ symmetry has a property that a $U(1)$ symmetry twist will induce a nonzero momentum proportional to the $U(1)$ charge density $\overline{\ensuremath{\rho}}$, which will be referred to as a mixed anomaly. The different effective field theories for different phases of the same system must have the same mixed anomaly. As a result, all the low-energy effective field theories must have fields with nonzero momenta of the order of ${\overline{\ensuremath{\rho}}}^{1/d}$. In particular, we present a low-energy effective field theory with infinite number of fields for Fermi liquid. We also present the Fermi-liquid effective field theory in the presence of a real space magnetic field and $\mathbit{k}$-space ``magnetic'' field, as well as in the presence of interaction described by Landau parameters. Our effective field theory correctly captures the mixed anomaly, which constrains the low-energy dynamics, such as determines the volume of the Fermi surface in terms of the mixed anomaly [i.e., in terms of the $U(1)$ charge density]. This is another formulation of the Luttinger-Ward-Oshikawa theorem.
Individuals in sober living: Effects of contact with substance using family members.

This study examines the effects that substance-using family members have on those working to maintain recovery from substance use disorder. Participants (N = 229) were recruited from Oxford Houses ...
Calcium Chloride, Practical Necrotising Agent

The use of a 50% aqueous or a saturated alcoholic solution of calcium chloride for dehorning or castrating calves is described. For dehorning the solution (0.75 to 2.0 ml) is injected at the centre of the area to be destroyed to form a uniform ring of swelling around the germinal center. Of 100 calves injected with the alcoholic solution 96 were successfully dehorned. For castration the site of injection is near the tail of the epididymis with doses ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 ml per 45 kg body weight. Few calves showed discomfort and the orchitis subsided in 3-6 days. Atrophy was complete after 1-3 months.
Implementing Biosecurity in Beef and Dairy Herds

The common disease prevention and control practices employed by the majority of beef and dairy herds today are inadequate to meet the future demands. They rely on visual observation, regulatory compliance, vaccination, and limited attention to biosecurity of the herds making animal additions.1 Bovine practitioners have been encouraged to increase their participation in nutritional, genetic selection, and financial and production record analysis for beef and dairy herds. Different surveys have indicated that cattle owners continue to look to the bovine practitioner primarily for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and addressing the needs of the individual animal. Veterinarians can strengthen their position in the decision-making team by providing a herd biosecurity and biocontainment risk management assessment and protocol. For this article, biosecurity will refer to attempts to prevent the entry of pathogens considered potentially harmful to the health and well-being of the herd. Practitioners are encouraged to expand the principles to include such things as genetics and nutrients. Biocontainment will refer to controlling the elements within a given population of cattle. Biocontainment strategies should apply to the management of epidemics within a herd and should address biosecurity failures.
A Review of Research and Organizational Efforts for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Kinesiology

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is an emerging topic for many institutions of higher education and should be integrated into departmental and university culture. The purpose of this review i...
Case 16: A Draw-Over Vaporizer with a Non-rebreathing Circuit. Be Aware

You are the only anesthesiologist who is part of a medical team visiting an outlying village in northern Botswana. Unfortunately, your anesthetic equipment has not arrived, and today is the day for operations on 12 orthopedic patients. The only available anesthesia delivery system is an Ohmeda Cyprane PAC (Portable Anesthesia Complete) isoflurane draw-over circuit (Picture 16.1).
Vulnerabilities in Military Rape Culture

The Department of Defense (DOD) and Veterans Administration have inherited a crisis of gigantic proportion in the growing rates of MST. In particular, treatment for sexual assault can be complex and requires time. That is, though sexual assault fits under the general umbrella of trauma, each sexual assault presents a wide array of unique traumas that must be addressed specifically to help overcome the impact a sexual assault can have on a victim’s psyche. Too often, military service providers, often staffed by mental health clinicians early in their career, treat only the rape and not the circumstances around the rape or victim that might complicate treatment. That is, a victim who has had a supportive loving family and experiences a one-time sexual assault will have very different psychological needs than a victim of child abuse before the military and then gang raped during deployment. Often, clinicians work from a medical model of diagnosis and ignore the etiology of the severity of symptoms. That is, medical model clinicians only pay attention to the symptomology of the trauma, but not the antecedent to the trauma symptoms themselves. Unfortunately, this means that many survivors are receiving inadequate, or potentially even harmful, treatment from those clinicians who are supposed to be the ones helping them.
A Review of Oxytocin’s Effects on the Positive, Negative, and Cognitive Domains of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a disabling, heterogeneous disorder with clinical features that can be parsed into three domains: positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive deficits. Current antipsychotic drugs produce fairly robust clinical benefit against positive symptoms but typically have minimal therapeutic effects on negative symptoms and cognitive deficits. Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide that, in addition to its role as a hormone regulating peripheral reproductive-relevant functions, acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain. Several lines of preclinical and clinical research suggest that the OT system may play a role in regulating the expression of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and that targeting the central OT system may yield novel treatments to address these symptoms. In this review, we summarize the extant preclinical and clinical evidence relevant to the role of OT in schizophrenia with particular emphasis on its putative therapeutic effects on each of the three above-mentioned clinical domains.
Role of tribofilms in wear protection

Abstract Engine valve train wear protection has been observed despite the absence of classical tribofilm formation. This was found with a lubricant containing zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), despite conventional understanding that ZDDP reduces wear by forming a thick, protective, inorganic phosphate tribofilm. We suggest that an antiwear additive can function by forming non-adherent triboproduct via a mechanically-stimulated chemical reaction. This triboproduct provides antiwear performance while entrained in the contact and is eventually expelled. In a reciprocating sliding tribometer it is observed as a pile of debris on the side of the contact.
Digitally enabling social networks: resolving IT–culture conflict

Digitally enabled social networks, encompassing social media applications such as wikis, blogs and social networking sites, have the potential to dramatically change organizational culture by building communities, promoting information sharing and fostering collaboration. Although organizational social media site (hereinafter SMS) implementations are proliferating, these technologies often do not harmoniously combine with traditional organizational cultures. To shed light on social media's impact on organizational life, this paper draws on an interpretive case study to investigate a global security company's efforts to implement a digitally enabled social network as part of a cultural change effort. Conceptually, based on the theory of IT–culture conflict, this paper underscores the interplay between organizational culture and technology. Our study finds that conflicts can arise between employees' workplace values and the values they ascribe to social media. This can result in an IT–culture system conflict, which organizations can address using policy-based, socialization-based and leadership-based mechanisms aimed at bringing cultural values and social media site values into alignment.
Analysis of Functional MRI Data Using Mutual Information

A new information-theoretic approach is presented for analyzing fMRI data to calculate the brain activation map. The method is based on a formulation of the mutual information between two waveforms-the fMRI temporal response of a voxel and the experimental protocol timeline. Scores based on mutual information are generated for all voxels and then used to compute the activation map of an experiment. Mutual information for fMRI analysis is employed because it has been shown to be robust in quantifying the relationship between any two waveforms. More importantly, our technique takes a principled approach toward calculating the brain activation map by making few assumptions about the relationship between the protocol timeline and the temporal response of a voxel. This is important especially in fMRI experiments where little is known about the relationship between these two waveforms. Experiments are presented to demonstrate this approach of computing the brain activation map. Comparisons to other more traditional analysis techniques are made and the results are presented.
Cat-scratch Disease

Cat-scratch disease is a common infection that usually presents as tender lymphadenopathy. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin and any lymphadenopathy syndrome. Asymptomatic, bactere- mic cats with Bartonella henselae in their saliva serve as vectors by biting and clawing the skin. Cat fleas are respon- sible for horizontal transmission of the disease from cat to cat, and on occasion, arthropod vectors (fleas or ticks) may transmit the disease to humans. Cat-scratch disease is commonly diagnosed in children, but adults can present with it as well. The causative microorganism, B. henselae, is difficult to culture. Diagnosis is most often arrived at by obtaining a history of exposure to cats and a serologic test with high titers (greater than 1:256) of immunoglobulin G antibody to B. henselae. Most cases of cat-scratch disease are self-limited and do not require antibiotic treatment. If an antibiotic is chosen, azithromycin has been shown in one small study to speed recovery. Infrequently, cat-scratch disease may present in a more disseminated form with hepatosplenomegaly or meningoencephalitis, or with bacillary angiomatosis in patients with AIDS.
Flexible manufacturing systems

Abstract This paper presents and analyzes detailed data obtained from over 200 firms in Japan, the United States, and Western Europe concerning the economic effects of flexible manufacturing systems, and compares the effectiveness and profitability of these systems in various countries. Such a comparison should be of widespread interest, particularly since some leading American experts, like Jaikumar (1986), have charged that Japanese firms use their flexible manufacturing systems much more effectively than do their U.S. rivals.
What are we cheering? Sport and the value of valuing

Against the dismissal of sport as “only a game” not worth the deep investment that so many fans make in it, sport is often defended on the grounds that it cultivates important virtues of character that are useful in a range of real-life applications (discipline, resilience, pride, teamwork, and so on). Whatever merit these claims may have, this paper calls attention to something that has not been sufficiently previously appreciated, namely, what sport reveals about the nature of value. By considering the experience of the serious fan (rather than that of the player or casual spectator), the paper argues that sport illuminates important aspects of how to value, of the point of valuing, and of the propriety of valuing. It further argues that, even more fundamentally, the experience of the serious fan helps us to appreciate the ways in which valuing is itself a value.
Severe Varicella Associated With Steroid Use

Objective To evaluate whether corticosteroid use is associated with severe varicella. Design The odds of corticosteroid exposure were compared among 35 children with severe varicella and 10,000 control subjects. Results Five (26.3%) of 19 case patients without known immunosuppression had received steroids within 30 days prior to the onset of their rash compared with 20 of the 10,000 control subjects (0.2%), giving an odds ratio of 178 (95% confidence interval 59 to 541). If 16 case patients with leukemia or other known immunosuppressive conditions were included, the odds ratio was larger (odds ratio 420, 95% confidence interval 189 to 935). Of the 13 case patients whose dosage was recorded, 7 received less than the equivalent of 2 mg/kg per day of prednisone. The timing of the steroid use in those who had severe varicella clustered within the incubation period for the virus. Conclusions Systemic corticosteroid use appears to increase substantially the risk of severe or fatal varicella. The timing of corticosteroid exposure, in addition to dose and duration, may be an important factor in determining vulnerability. Further studies are needed to determine whether short-course, low-dose, or inhaled steroids are associated with similarly increased risk. Physicians should be aware that varicella-susceptible patients receiving corticosteroids are at considerably increased risk for severe varicella and should consider how to counsel their patients.
Chronic Female Pelvic Pain—Part 2: Differential Diagnosis and Management

Pelvic pain is a common condition. Treatment interventions have traditionally targeted biomedical conditions with variable success. Utilizing a systematic approach to examination of the pelvic girdle and related organ systems contained within the pelvis will aid the clinician in identifying the painful structure(s) as well as the associated impairments limiting functional recovery. From this, a complete management program can be instituted. The following description of gynecologic, urologic, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and neurologic conditions that can cause or are associated with chronic pelvic pain leads to conservative management proposals based on the available evidence. Finally, nonoperative interventional strategies are described, which target the pain system from a cognitive behavioral perspective, address movement dysfunctions, and address interventional pain technique possibilities.
Emergence and frustration of magnetism with variable-range interactions in a quantum simulator.

Frustration, or the competition between interacting components of a network, is often responsible for the emergent complexity of many-body systems. For instance, frustrated magnetism is a hallmark of poorly understood systems such as quantum spin liquids, spin glasses, and spin ices, whose ground states can be massively degenerate and carry high degrees of quantum entanglement. Here, we engineer frustrated antiferromagnetic interactions between spins stored in a crystal of up to 16 trapped 171Yb+ atoms. We control the amount of frustration by continuously tuning the range of interaction and directly measure spin correlation functions and their coherent dynamics. This prototypical quantum simulation points the way toward a new probe of frustrated quantum magnetism and perhaps the design of new quantum materials.
Fast beam manipulation: Elliptical beam handling for Acousto-Optic Deflectors (AOD) in industrial laser processing

AODs have been implemented as the third level of compound beam positioning after previously combining galvanometer based scanner mirrors and translation stages in ESI's laser micromachining systems. The successful integration allows arbitrary local positioning within the AOD scan field with update rates of up to 1 MHz. Elliptical beam handling enables a cost effective trade-off between update rate and AOD scan field to maximize the AOD's impact on a given laser processing task.
Moderating and Mediating Processes in Environment-Behavior Research

Many environment—behavior (EB) researchers are interested in the effects of the physical environment on human behavior. However, many researchers appreciate the theoretical and methodological importance of scrutinizing other variables that can intercede in the EB relation (Evans & Cohen, 1987; Moore, 1988; Wachs, 1986; Wohlwill, 1983). Typically, one speaks of other variables that can moderate or mediate EB relations. Moderator variables are “third” variables that alter or qualify EB relations. In contrast, mediator variables interpret, or explain, EB relations.