cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
O preparo da organização para expansão

Tres pontos nos parecem particularmente importantes nadiscussao desta materia:- o desconhecimento quase geral da verdadeira naturezado custo de transporte, de seu lugar na empresa e de suacontribuicao a rentabilidade global;- a falta de meios de gestao desses custos, cuja reducaotem, contudo, implicacoes importantes;- a infinita diversidade de problemas concretos de trans-porte que, para cada empresa, sao originais e devem sertratados com instrumentos apropriados.O transporte sempre foi considerado como um fator eco-nomico dependente. Ele esta ligado de maneira indissolu-vel ao ato de troca, mas seu custo representa uma barreirapor vezes insuperavel, que impede o estabelecimento dascorrentes de troca ou, pelo menos, lhes modifica a direcaoe as restringe.
Stemming the Revolving Door: Teacher Retention and Attrition in Arctic Alaska Schools.

Limited research is available concerning teacher retention and teacher attrition in Arctic Alaska.┬a This paper reports survey research findings, which identify factors related to teacher retention and attrition in Alaskan Arctic Native┬acommunities. Teacher retention rates (2009-2013) vary widely over time showing no significant trends. Results confirm that teacher turnover in rural districts is higher than in urban school districts.┬aThe authors recognize that teacher retention and attrition are multidimensional issues recommending that better communication patterns and shared responsibilities between rural school districts, local administrators, teachers, community members, and university-based teacher preparation programs be established.
Impact of an Emergency Department Observation Unit Management Algorithm for Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common, growing, and costly medical condition. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a management algorithm for symptomatic AF that used an emergency department observation unit on hospital admission rates and patient outcomes. Methods and Results This retrospective cohort study compared 563 patients who presented consecutively in the year after implementation of the algorithm, from July 2013 through June 2014 (intervention group), with 627 patients in a historical cohort (preintervention group) who presented consecutively from July 2011 through June 2012. All patients who consented to have their records used for chart review were included if they had a primary final emergency department diagnosis of AF. We observed no significant differences in age, sex, vital signs, body mass index, or CHADS2 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes mellitus, and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack) score between the preintervention and intervention groups. The rate of inpatient admission was significantly lower in the intervention group (from 45% to 36%; P <0.001). The groups were not significantly different with regard to rates of return emergency department visits (19% versus 17%; P =0.48), hospitalization (18% versus 16%; P =0.22), or adverse events (2% versus 2%; P =0.95) within 30 days. Emergency department observation unit admissions were 40% ( P <0.001) less costly than inpatient hospital admissions of ≤1 day's duration. Conclusions Implementation of an emergency department observation unit AF algorithm was associated with significantly decreased hospital admissions without increasing the rates of return emergency department visits, hospitalization, or adverse events within 30 days.
Current Research on Cigarette Smoking Among People with HIV

A large percentage of people with HIV are current cigarette smokers. Most smokers with HIV are interested in quitting; however, smoking cessation interventions are only moderately effective in this population. Also, most HIV care providers are not trained in tobacco dependence treatment and most smokers with HIV are not getting the smoking cessation support that they need. Although advances in HIV treatment have provided the opportunity for prolonged life, many HIV-positive individuals are not benefitting from these advances because they are suffering from the health consequences of tobacco dependence. Barriers to smoking cessation among smokers with HIV need more research, and new interventions that address the unique issues of smokers with HIV need to be developed and evaluated. HIV care providers need education on tobacco dependence treatment so that smokers with HIV have access to the education and support that they need to successfully quit smoking.
Mountains and Fire

She watched him go - her son struggling up the mountain - hands clawing through foliage, feet searching for footing on the uneven terrain. Bali, she prayed. There was nowhere to go anymore but up - up to the mountain peaks - back to the beginning.
Case and Experiential Learning Methods

(2004). Case and Experiential Learning Methods. Marketing Education Review: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 20-20.
Neural substrates of trait ruminations in depression.

Rumination in depression is a risk factor for longer, more intense, and harder-to-treat depressions. But there appear to be multiple types of depressive rumination-whether they all share these vulnerability mechanisms, and thus would benefit from the same types of clinical attention is unclear. In the current study, we examined neural correlates of empirically derived dimensions of trait rumination in 35 depressed participants. These individuals and 29 never-depressed controls completed 17 self-report measures of rumination and an alternating emotion-processing/executive-control task during functional MRI (fMRI) assessment. We examined associations of regions of interest--the amygdala and other cortical regions subserving a potential role in deficient cognitive control and elaborative emotion-processing--with trait rumination. Rumination of all types was generally associated with increased sustained amygdala reactivity. When controlling for amygdala reactivity, distinct activity patterns in hippocampus were also associated with specific dimensions of rumination. We discuss the possibly utility of targeting more basic biological substrates of emotional reactivity in depressed patients who frequently ruminate.
Effect of Endotoxin on Hemodynamics and Norepinephrine Metabolism in the Dog

SummaryIntravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin to anesthetized dogs caused a precipitous fall in arterial blood pressure and renal artery flow within 3 min. With the fall in blood pressure, plasma 3H-norepinephrine fell to 63% of control levels. Five minutes after endotoxin administration, the 3H-norepinephrine level increased to 90% of the control value. Thirty minutes after endotoxin administration, blood pressure had risen to 75% of control levels and 3H-norepinephrine remained unchanged. 3H-Norepinephrine concentration in the atria, ventricle and kidneys remained unchanged, but the levels in the spleen and adrenals were significantly increased. In all cases 3H-normetanephrine levels increased suggestive of increased release and metabolism of catecholamines. It is suggested that endotoxin exerts certain changes in cellular permeability resulting in increased extraction of norepinephrine from the circulating blood.
VizBib: A scan of recent popular, professional, and research publications, films, and other media of interest to visual communicators, artists, and scholars.

Emotive factors that make photographs memorable, Michael J. Stones and Marlee Bygate, Photography and Culture, July 2009, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 119–133. Stones, a psychologist, and Bygate, a former st...
Abstract A44: Suppression of insulin-induced fatty acid synthase gene expression and colon cancer cell proliferation by members of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors

Obesity and the associated hyperinsulinemia are major risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). The Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) gene encodes the protein responsible for de novo synthesis of fatty acids. FASN mRNA and protein are insulin-induced in the colonic epithelium, over-expressed early in CRC, and positively associated with tumor cell proliferation, cell survival and chemo-resistance. FASN and its transcriptional regulators may therefore provide mechanistic links between obesity and CRC predisposition and may be exploitable for CRC prevention. Recent attention has focused on several members of the Kruppel-like family (KLF) of transcription factors in pathogenesis of CRC. Published studies have demonstrated that Kruppel-like Factors 4 and 6 (KLF4, KLF6) are important suppressors of CRC development. Recent work from our laboratory and others has implicated KLF9 as a third potential KLF protein that may be a tumor suppressor in colon and rectum. In the present study, we evaluated the possible actions of KLF9 and KLF4 to oppose the inductions by insulin of colon cancer cell FASN expression and proliferation. Addition of insulin to cell medium to mimic hyperinsulinemia (5nM-25nM, compared to vehicle) led to an increase in proliferation (13–25%, P Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):A44.
Persistence and Movement of Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus on Soybean Plants After Death of Infected Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The persistence of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) on soybean after death and lysis of NPV-killed (AgNPV) Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hubner) larvae on the plants was examined. Bioassays of virus on leaflets (which had no direct contact with the diseased larvae) collected from these plants showed that AgNPV activity persisted on the plants for the entire 7-wk test period, with up to 62.7% larval mortality in bioassays conducted after the seventh week. Regardless of the canopy location (higher or lower) of the virus-killed cadavers, AgNPV activity was higher on the leaflets collected from the lower canopy after 2 wk and remained so for the duration of the test. This may be related to movement of AgNPV into the lower canopy by rainfall and wind where it can be better shielded from sunlight inactivation by the foliage. A separate test was conducted in which uninfected larvae were caged for 5 d on soybeans at weekly intervals after death of AgNPV-infected larvae. The mean larval mortality during the 4-wk period of this test was higher in treatments in which AgNPV-killed cadavers had died in the upper canopy. This may be explained by the preference of the uninfected larvae for the upper canopy.
The novel light-harvesting pigment-protein complex ofMantoniella squamata (Chlorophyta): Phylogenetic implications

A light-harvesting pigment-protein complex has been isolated fromMantoniella squamata (Micromonadophyceae, Chlorophyta) by nondenaturing polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The complex runs as two bands of molecular weights 54,000 and 55,000. There are two constituent polypeptides of molecular weights 20,500 and 22,000. Antibodies were raised to the 20,500-dalton polypeptides from this complex and to the 24,500-dalton polypeptide from the analogous complex ofPedinomonas minor (Micromonadophyceae). The antibodies to theM. squamata polypeptide are specific for both polypeptides of theM. squamata light-harvesting complex, as well as for a 27,000-dalton polypeptide of undetermined function. The antibodies to theP. minor polypeptide are specific for polypeptide components of the light-harvesting complex of that alga. The antibodies specific for theM. squamata light-harvesting complex polypeptides do not cross react with any polypeptides ofP. minor thylakoid membranes, as demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Similarly, no polypeptides ofM. squamata thylakoids cross react with the antibodies specific forP. minor light-harvesting complex polypeptides. These results indicate that the light-harvesting complex ofM. squamata is structurally very different from that ofP. minor. In a survey of several land plants and green algae, including representatives of all classes of green algae, a light-harvesting complex homologous to that ofM. squamata was found only inMicromonas pusilla. All other organisms tested possessed a lightharvesting complex homologous to that ofP. minor. The evolutionary and taxonomic implications of the novelM. squamata light-harvesting complex are discussed.
Abstract PL03-02: Microenvironment survival signals for disseminated cancer cells

To form metastases, circulating cancer cells that egress into a distant parenchyma must be able to survive in the newly invaded microenvironment. Identifying these survival mechanisms may provide therapeutic strategies for the eradication of disseminated disease and the prevention of metastasis. In breast cancer, where relapse develops in an organ-specific manner, we have identified metastasis progression genes that prime cancer cells for extravasation into specific organs, as well as genes that mediate overt metastatic colonization. However, the survival of newly extravasated cells depends on a distinct set of genes and pathways. SRC primes breast cancer cells for survival in the bone marrow by potentiating AKT activation by CXCL12 and IGF1, cytokines that are abundant in the marrow. Recent work revealed how bone metastatic seeds may be preselected in the primary tumor. In the lungs, VCAM1- and tenascin-C support the survival of micrometastatic cancer cells. The mechanisms involve interactions with tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and an extracellular matrix niche. Inhibition of SRC, VCAM1 and tenascin-C suppresses experimental micrometastases and the growth of aggressive lesions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr PL03-02. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-PL03-02
The Abbé Lamennais on Freedom

MANY of the basic issues underlying the complex social, political, and religious problems which stirred France during the lifetime of Lamennais can be found in duplicate in this country. Moreover, it is evident that there is a resurgence of an extremely provincial form of nationalism in the United States together with mounting onslaughts against freedom. This makes increasingly relevant to the concrete lives of all of us an examination of the
Effect of cathode movement on properties of nickel coatings electroplated at different current densities

Ni coatings were prepared electroplating with moving cathode at different current densities. The bath composition and process parameters are as follows:NiSO4·6H2O 260-280 g/L, NiCl2·6H2O 40-50 g/L, H3BO340 g/L, room temperature, cathode moving rate 12 m/min,current density 1-7 A/dm2, pH 4.0-4.4, and time 30 min. The surface morphology, roughness, porosity, microstructure,and microhardness of Ni coatings obtained with unmoving and moving cathode were comparatively studied. The results show that cathode movement has no significant effect on the properties of nickel coating at current density of 1-4 A/dm2.At the current density of 7 A/dm2, cathode movement can effectively weaken concentration polarization, making the porosity and residual stress of nickel coating reduced by50.0% and 14.6% respectively. The Ni coating obtained withcathode movement at 7 A/dm2features a microhardness 330 HV(10% higher than that prepared with unmoving cathode), roughness ca.0.7 μm, and(200)-preferred orientation.
Fifth Grade Children Write About Picture Books

To investigate the development of visual literacy, data was gathered three times during a year-long study in which fifth grade children talked and wrote about picture books, as part o an experiment...
Early Antibiotic Treatment for Pediatric Febrile Urinary Tract Infection and Renal Scarring.

Importance Existing data regarding the association between delayed initiation of antimicrobial therapy and the development of renal scarring are inconsistent. Objective To determine whether delay in the initiation of antimicrobial therapy for febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) is associated with the occurrence and severity of renal scarring. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study that combined data from 2 previously conducted longitudinal studies (the Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux trial and the Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation Study). Children younger than 6 years with a first or second UTI were followed up for 2 years. Exposure Duration of the child’s fever prior to initiation of antimicrobial therapy for the index UTI. Main Outcomes and Measures New renal scarring defined as the presence of photopenia plus contour change on a late dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scan (obtained at study exit) that was not present on the baseline scan. Results Of the 482 children included in the analysis, 434 were female (90%), 375 were white (78%), and 375 had vesicoureteral reflux (78%). The median age was 11 months. A total of 35 children (7.2%) developed new renal scarring. Delay in the initiation of antimicrobial therapy was associated with renal scarring; the median (25th, 75th percentiles) duration of fever prior to initiation of antibiotic therapy in those with and without renal scarring was 72 (30, 120) and 48 (24, 72) hours, respectively ( P = .003). Older age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 5.24; 95% CI, 2.15-12.77), recurrent urinary tract infections (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.27-3.45), and bladder and bowel dysfunction (OR, 6.44; 95% CI, 2.89-14.38) were also associated with new renal scarring. Delay in the initiation of antimicrobial therapy remained significantly associated with renal scarring even after adjusting for these variables. Conclusions and Relevance Delay in treatment of febrile UTIs and permanent renal scarring are associated. In febrile children, clinicians should not delay testing for UTI.
Wireless sensor network-based infrastructure damage detection constrained by energy consumption

Structural health monitoring, which is the process of assessing the health of instrumented structures, is becoming increasingly important as much of the world's infrastructure ages and deteriorates. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the potential to deliver continuous, highly accurate structural health monitoring at a low cost. In this paper, we present a novel WSN system that monitors ambient vibrations at various locations on a structure and looks for deviations from the structure's baseline response to determine if any sections are potentially experiencing damage. In contrast to earlier methods, our system does not require engineering knowledge of the structure on which it is deployed. We also introduce a theoretical framework to attain the system's desired lifetime, which is demonstrated experimentally by determining the amount of energy that our algorithm consumes when running on Zolertia Z1 sensor nodes. Finally, in this context, we introduce a novel circuit that reduces current flow for inactive nodes by 99.97% compared to their minimum sleep current, thus extending their lifetime.
Question Generation from a Knowledge Base

When designing the natural language question asking interface for a formal knowledge base, managing and scoping the user expectations regarding what questions the system can answer is a key challenge. Allowing users to type ask arbitrary English questions will likely result in user frustration, because the system may be unable to answer many questions even if it correctly understands the natural language phrasing. We present a technique for responding to natural language questions, by suggesting a series of questions that the system can actually answer. We also show that the suggested questions are useful in a variety of ways in an intelligent textbook to improve student learning.
Process Issues of Colombia’s New Accusatory System

Colombia has been among the Latin American states to have an accusatory criminal justice system imposed upon its judiciary by the United States. But the exportation of the Anglo-American accusatory system to supplant the centuries-old inquisitorial system has not achieved the intended results, such that now a confusing and disorganized hybrid system is in place that creates far more problems than the transition was meant to resolve. This article presents a critical look at the reform agenda Colombia was forced into accepting and explains why the Colombian judiciary and criminal justice system remain inefficient and in significant disarray.
Epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders in men and women of middle and older age.

Purpose of reviewWe summarized recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders in middle-aged and older women and men.Recent findingsThe prevalence of eating disorders according to DSM-5 criteria is around 3.5% in older (>40 years) women and around 1–2% in older men. The majo
Hydrogen Sulfide and Reactive Sulfur Species Impact Proteome S-Sulfhydration and Global Virulence Regulation in Staphylococcus aureus.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is thought to protect bacteria from oxidative stress, but a comprehensive understanding of its function in bacteria is largely unexplored. In this study, we show that the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) harbors significant effector molecules of H2S signaling, reactive sulfur species (RSS), as low molecular weight persulfides of bacillithiol, coenzyme A, and cysteine, and significant inorganic polysulfide species. We find that proteome S-sulfhydration, a post-translational modification (PTM) in H2S signaling, is widespread in S. aureus. RSS levels modulate the expression of secreted virulence factors and the cytotoxicity of the secretome, consistent with an S-sulfhydration-dependent inhibition of DNA binding by MgrA, a global virulence regulator. Two previously uncharacterized thioredoxin-like proteins, denoted TrxP and TrxQ, are S-sulfhydrated in sulfide-stressed cells and are capable of reducing protein hydrodisulfides, suggesting that this PTM is potentially regul...
SEPARABLE YET INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS OF EXPERIMENTAL POST-INCISIONAL MECHANICAL HYPERESTHESIA

AbstractAcute post-operative pain limits function and slows recovery. To better understand the mechanisms underlying acute pain we have further investigated a post-incisional pain model using tactile hypersensitivity as an index of pain. After 1 cm incision of the medial-dorsal skin of male rats, closed with one silk suture, there is a rapidly developing increase in the responsiveness to punctate stimulation using nylon monofilament von Frey hairs (VFH), appearing as the increased contraction of sub-cutaneous muscles, the graded cutaneous truncii muscle response (CTMR). Such hypersensitivity in rats represents both the perception of pain in response to previously non-painful stimuli (allodynia) and an enlargement of the responses to stimuli that were mildly painful in intact skin (hyperalgesia). We found the probability and vigor of CTMR increases with increasing VFH force, described by a complex Force vs Response (F-R) curve. In intact/pre-incisional skin, such F-R data are well fitted by a single sigmoidal function that has one threshold (liminal force to produce a statistically “just-detectable” response), and one mid-point (force to produce half the maximum response). Four hours after incision, at the peak of post-incisional hypersensitivity, the F-R data are better fit by the sum of two such sigmoidal functions, with post-incisional allodynia accounted for by the emergence of a previously undetected response to VFH forces ten-fold lower than the threshold of intact skin. Interestingly, both the peak amplitude and the duration of these low-threshold, post-incisional allodynic responses are enhanced by “conditioning”, when the skin is also stimulated by strong force VFHs (that test hyperalgesia), a phenomenon that does not occur in intact skin. Actions of sub-incisional bupivacaine suggest that allodynia is initiated by local injury and inflammatory processes, while central sensitization accounts for the enhancement of allodynia by conditioning stimulation.
Abstract 4491: The mesenchymal subtype biomarkers arise from stroma rather than cancer cells in ovarian cancer

Background: High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) is a highly aggressive form of ovarian cancer accounting for up to 70% of all cases. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has further defined 4 molecular subtypes within HGSOC: differentiated (DIF), immunoreactive (IMM), mesenchymal (MES), and proliferative (PRO). The MES subtype is associated with the worst prognosis and the least likely to be completely resectable when compared with other subtypes. A recent study suggested the existence of a 5-th, so-called anti-mesenchymal (ANM), subtype which is characterized by down-regulation of genes typically upregulated in the MES subtype. Importantly, previous molecular subtype studies have been performed using tumor samples consisting of both cancer cells and stroma. However, the origin of MES biomarkers in OC is still largely unknown and several studies suggest that many of the MES biomarkers could arise from cancer-associated stroma rather than cancer cells. Methods: Specimens from 20 patients (MES subtype, n=15; ANM subtype, n=5) diagnosed with HGSOC between 2010 and 2013 were obtained from Pathology Research Core in Mayo Clinic. A total of 60 FFPE blocks from 1 primary tumor and 2 metastatic sites of each patient were used to make the slides. Five MES-subtype biomarkers, including ACTA2, FAP, POSTN, COL5A1, and VCAN, were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) to determine the protein localization and intensities. Two researchers scored tumor sections for intensity as 0 (negative), 1 (weak), 2 (moderate), and 3 (strong), and for localization (stroma/tumor, cytoplasm/nuclear). Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 7 software and statistical differences were evaluated using t-test. Results: All 5 proteins evaluated exclusively localized in stroma rather than cancer cells (p Citation Format: Qing Zhang, Kimberly R. Kalli, Chen Wang, William Cliby. The mesenchymal subtype biomarkers arise from stroma rather than cancer cells in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4491.
Nitrogen harvest index as a selection criterion in oats

A population of 480 random lines of oats (Avena sativa L.) were grown on soil that received no application of nitrogen (N) or 112 leg of N ha ^ (defined as low and high N environments, respectively) to evalu­ ate the effect of N availability in the soil upon the plant's ability to partition N between vegetative tissue and the grain, a ratio defined as nitrogen harvest index (NHI). Comparisons were made between low and high N environments for grain yield (GY), straw yield (SY), biological yield (BY), groat protein yield (GTPY), groat protein percentage (GTPP), vegetative protein yield (VPY), straw protein percentage (SPP), total plant protein yield (TPPY), and harvest index (HI). Genotype x N level interaction was not significant for NHI. The high N environment caused significant increases in TPPY, VPY, and SPP, and significant reductions in NHI and HI. GY, SY, BY, GTPY, and GTPP were not different in the low and high N environments. NHI and TPPY were negatively correlated in the low N environment but independent in the high N environment. NHI was positively correlated with GY and GTPY in both environments, and positively correlated with GTPP only in the high N environment.
Endovascular Therapies for Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common gastrointestinal disorder with over 300,000 hospital admissions per year. There is significant mortality associated with acute gastrointestinal bleeding with rates between 10 % and up to 40 % if there is associated hemodynamic instability. GI bleeding can be categorized into either upper (UGIB) or lower GI bleeding (LGIB). UGIB is significantly more common, accounts for approximately 75 % of all GI bleeds, and is defined as occurring proximal to the ligament of Treitz.
Operative debridements of chronic wounds

The term “chronic wound” does not refer to duration over time, but rather describes a wound that is physiologically impaired. All venous, pressure, and diabetic foot ulcers are defined as chronic wounds. Elderly patients are more likely to experience venous and pressure ulcers,1–4 which lead to more than half of all lower extremity amputations in persons with diabetes.5 Chronic wounds heal at the same frequency of closure in elderly populations as they do in younger populations, but may heal at a slower rate, primarily because of comorbidities associated with age.6–9 The comorbidities that delay healing are prevalent among older populations and include venous insufficiency and diabetes. Although there are age-related changes to the skin, it has yet to be shown, clinically, that age alone decreases an elderly person’s ability to heal.7,10,11 A synergistic effect of advanced age and diabetes significantly slows healing.12
Strategies for Adopting CSG-Ed In CS 1

This paper advocates incorporating Computing for Social Good into the computing curriculum using an approach designed to send the message to students that they, as computer scientists, can make important socially relevant contributions to our communities and world. We argue that while this messaging is important throughout the curriculum, it is especially important in the introductory course. There is also evidence that these types of efforts can be a significant contributor to efforts to broaden participation in computing by women and other underrepresented minorities. Furthermore, we believe that faculty do not need any special expertise to incorporate social awareness and activism in their courses.
Evidence for a general factor of behavioral activation system sensitivity

Abstract Individual differences in one’s propensity to engage the behavioral activation system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) have primarily been studied with Caver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS scale. Whereas, Carver and White identified the BIS as a unidimensional scale, they identified three separable BAS group factors - drive, fun seeking, and reward responsiveness -which Carver urged against combining into a BAS total score. Despite this, a BAS total score has been used extensively although researchers have yet to test whether a BAS general factor exists and, if so, whether a BAS total score can be interpreted as primarily being a measure of the general factor. The current study observed that the best fitting BAS factor model of those we tested was a hierarchical model with three group facets and a general factor. This model was largely invariant across both sex and race/ethnicity. We show, for the first time, that a general factor accounts for the majority of the variance in BAS total scores. Due to the superior fit of the hierarchical model and variance accounted for by the general factor, we conclude that researchers are psychometrically justified in using a BAS total score.
WORK-RELATED MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN AMONG CARDIAC SONOGRAPHERS COMPARED TO A LARGE CONTROL GROUP OF PEER EMPLOYEES: A MULTISITE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Previous studies on work-related musculoskeletal pain (WRMSP) among cardiac sonographers have been incompletely studied. We sought to compare the frequency, magnitude and impact of WRMSP among cardiac sonographers as compared to a control group of peer employees. An electronic survey was sent to
p21CIP1 Promotes Mammary Cancer–Initiating Cells via Activation of Wnt/TCF1/CyclinD1 Signaling

Cancer stem cells (CSC) generate and sustain tumors due to tumor-initiating potential, resulting in recurrence or metastasis. We showed that knockout of the cell-cycle inhibitor, p21CIP1, in the PyMT mammary tumor model inhibits metastasis; however the mechanism remained unknown. Here, we show a pivotal role for p21 in potentiating a cancer stem-like phenotype. p21 knockout in PyMT mammary tumor cells caused dramatic suppression of CSC properties involving tumorsphere formation, ALDH1 activity, and tumor-initiating potential, which were in turn rescued by p21 overexpression into PyMT/p21 knockout cells. Interestingly, p21 knockout dramatically suppresses Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity, leading to striking inhibition of LEF1 and TCF1 expression. TCF1 knockdown in PyMT cells suppressed tumorsphere formation due to Cyclin D1 attenuation. These data demonstrate that p21 promotes a CSC-like phenotype via activation of Wnt/TCF1/Cyclin D1 signaling. IMPLICATIONS: p21 is a strong promoter of mammary CSCs.
Repairing Copyright: Getting Back to Basics and Ending an Era of Experimentation

Societies communicate their values in many different ways. Often this communication comes through the creation and use of cultural works: poems, paintings, books, articles, scientific manuscripts, movies, photos, and the list goes on. A society’s culture is of vital importance. Culture is “acquainting ourselves with the best that has been known and said in the world, and thus with the history of the human spirit.” Culture is the means in which we, as humans, pass important information about ourselves from person to person, from generation to generation. With the importance of this process the question then becomes: How do we not only protect these works, but also make sure that the process stays intact? Copyright protections are an important tool in protecting not only the rights of authors, but also the cultures and heritage of everyone. There needs to be a balance achieved and maintained between the rights conveyed through copyright and the access to works through the commons.
Sorption of the Herbicides Isoxaben and Oryzalin to Soils and Container Media

Abstract The herbicides isoxaben (Gallery) and oryzalin (Surflan) are commonly used to prevent weed emergence around ornamental plants in nurseries and landscapes. Saturated batch experiments were ...
MRI evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity in obstructive sleep apnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by intermittent obstruction of the airways during sleep. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an index of cerebral vessels' ability to respond to a vas...
Competition effect and spillover effect among competitors from the same country in foreign markets

In this paper, we investigate competition effect and spillover effect among firms that share the same nationality, particularly when they go abroad. When firms from one country enter a foreign coun...
Top-Down vs. Bottom-Up: A Case Series in Verbal Working Memory Treatments for Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury Deficits

Purpose Individuals with traumatic brain injury may suffer chronic cognitive–linguistic deficits in areas such as verbal working memory, which impede attainment of long-term rehabilitation goals. T...
Nonresearch Pharmaceutical Industry Payments to Oncology Physician Editors

Journal editors are gatekeepers of knowledge, and pharmaceutical industry payments to oncology editors have not been previously characterized. We performed a cross-sectional study of nonresearch industry payments to editors of 26 oncology research journals. A total of 433 editors were eligible for inclusion in the CMS Open Payments database from 2013 to 2018. A total of 80% of eligible editors had nonresearch payments, and the mean value of payments per editor was $106,778, which has increased over time. Only 5 out of 26 journals disclosed editor conflicts of interest and 3 of these journals reported at least one editor with no nonresearch industry payments but were found to have nonresearch payments. There was a positive correlation between journal impact factor and the average payment per editor for each journal. Our study shows the high prevalence and lack of transparency of nonresearch industry payments to oncology editors. Higher impact journals appear to be associated with greater nonresearch industry payments.
NEUROTRANSMITTER METABOLITE PRODUCTION BY HUMAN BRAIN

It has been found that in the awake human there is a consistent difference in the concentrations of the neurotransmitter metabolites MHPG, HVA, and 5-HIAA between internal jugular vein and arterial blood. The V-A difference for MHPG was 0.7 ± 0.1 ng/ml blood (N=10, p <.0005). The V-A difference for HVA was 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/ml blood (N=6, p <.0025) and for 5-HIAA it was 1.1 ± 0.3 ng/ml (N=6, p <.01). Given a normal brain weight and cerebral blood flow it is estimated that the outputs of MHPG, HVA, and 5-HIAA by the awake human brain are 597, 938, and 938 ng/brain/min. respectively. Combining the estimate of MHPG production by brain with measures of urinary MHPG obtained from 6 of the subjects indicates that approximately 63.0% of urinary MHPG originates in brain.
The International Political Economy of Huawei’s Global and Domestic Environment

The struggle of Huawei and China with the United States is greatly affected by the nature of the political economy of China’s domestic environment of state capitalism, by the deeply interdependent global system of political economy, and by the political economy of strategic interaction between China and the United States. This chapter examines each environment in terms of effects on Huawei and makes three arguments. First, Huawei succeeds due to the interaction of China’s system of state capitalism with the global system of deep interdependence. Second, the system of deep interdependence is threatened by, but also pushes back against, the U.S. strategy of economic coercion of China. Third, the global environment of deep interdependence will likely cause the United States to fail to change the Chinese system of state capitalism, Huawei will survive and prosper, and the United States will not improve its competitiveness through a strategy of economic coercion of China.
Symbiotic Photosynthetic Oxygenation within 3D-Bioprinted Vascularized Tissues

In this study, we present the photosynthetic oxygen (O2) supply to mammalian cells within a volumetric extracellular matrix-like construct, whereby a three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted fugitive pattern encapsulating unicellular green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii), served as a natural photosynthetic O2-generator. The presence of bioprinted C. reinhardtii enhanced the viability and functionality of mammalian cells while reducing the hypoxic conditions within the tissues. We were able to subsequently endothelialize the hollow perfusable microchannels formed after enzymatic removal of the bioprinted C. reinhardtii-laden patterns from the matrices following the initial oxygenation period, to obtain biologically relevant vascularized mammalian tissue constructs. The feasibility of co-culture of C. reinhardtii with human cells, the printability and the enzymatic degradability of the fugitive bioink, as well as the exploration of C. reinhardtii as a natural, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable source of O2 would likely promote the development of engineered tissues, tissue models, and food for various applications.
Estimations of the effective Young's modulus of specimens prepared by fused filament fabrication

Abstract The elastic response of homogeneous isotropic materials is most commonly represented by their Young's modulus (E), but geometric variability associated with additive manufacturing results in materials that are neither homogeneous nor isotropic. Here we investigated methods to estimate the effective elastic modulus (Eeff) of samples fabricated by fused filament fabrication. We conducted finite element analysis (FEA) on printed samples based on material properties and CT-scanned geometries. The analysis revealed how the layer structure of a specimen altered the internal stress distribution and the resulting Eeff. We also investigated different empirical methods to estimate Eeff as guides. We envision the findings from our study can provide guidelines for modulus estimation of as-printed specimens, with the potential of applying to other extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies.
Recurrent Atrial Flutter Requiring Multiple Cardioversions in a Preterm Infant

We describe the first case of atrial flutter requiring multiple cardioversions in a preterm infant. Direct current cardioversion is one of the best-understood treatment options, with a first-time success rate higher than 96%. The electrocardiograms provided reveal a second run of atrial flutter occurring after successful cardioversion. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.).
THE USE OF VIDEOGAMES BY PUBLIC SCHOOL STUDENTS AS A TOOL TO LEARN ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

The integration of entertainment and education has been studied over the years (RAPEEPISARN, et al. 2006). In this regard, games and gamified activities are motivating factors for L2 learning, after all, people learn more when what they do becomes a relevant activity (CROSS, 2007). Through bibliographic studies and data collected with high school students, this quantitative research aims to verify the acquisition of English vocabulary by playing videogames, as well as the recognition by students of the new vocabulary learnt in the second language (L2). In this empirical research, we collected data throughout the year of 2020 in a state public school in the city of Gravatai/RS with students of the third grade of high school. Therefore, we applied a questionnaire with 70 students aged 16-19 to examine their opinion on the use of videogames as a teaching tool. The data collected include information about players and non-players, while the data analysis includes the response of 45 players on different aspects about playing. With the analysis, it was possible to build the profile of these participants and verify that the students greatly increase their vocabulary when playing, at the same time they develop reading and listening comprehension. Although this research presents information about a specific group of participants, it is possible to say that, playing games makes students have fun, feel motivated and challenged to learn the L2, which is a benefit to the learning process.
Data supporting a pilot high-throughput screen of a drug library for identification of DYRK1A inhibitors and high-content imaging analysis of identified harmine analogs

The data presented in this article support the accompanying research article "Identification of harmine and β-carboline analogs from a high-throughput screen of an approved drug collection; profiling as differential inhibitors of DYRK1A and monoamine oxidase A and for in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer studies" [1]. As DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1a) plays a role in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases including diabetes, cancer and neurodegeneration [2], [3], [4], the identification of DYRK1A inhibitors is of significant interest. This data article details the hits identified from a DYRK1A high-throughput screen of a small molecule compound library containing over 95% approved drugs. Twenty-two compounds were identified with >50% inhibition, including harmine and four of its analogs. Subsequent profiling of these harmine analogs using glioma cancer cell lines and high-content image analysis identified those with effects on growth and cytotoxicity.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccination leading to CNS inflammation: a case series.

The availability of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), provides hope towards mitigation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccine safety and efficacy has not been established in individuals with chronic autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Anecdotal reports suggest that the vaccines may be associated with brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cardiac inflammation. Based on the high morbidity and unpredictable course of COVID-19, and the need to achieve herd immunity, vaccination has been recommended for patients with MS. We report clinical and MRI features of seven individuals who received the Moderna (n = 3) or Pfizer (n = 4) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Within one to 21 days of either the first (n = 2) or second (n = 5) vaccine dose, these patients developed neurologic symptoms and MRI findings consistent with active CNS demyelination of the optic nerve, brain, and/or spinal cord. Symptoms included visual loss, dysmetria, gait instability, paresthesias, sphincter disturbance, and limb weakness. Age ranged from 24 to 64 (mean 39.1) years; five were woman (71.4%). The final diagnosis was exacerbation of known stable MS (n = 4, two were receiving disease-modifying therapy at the time of vaccination), new onset MS (n = 2), or new onset neuromyelitis optica (n = 1). All responded to corticosteroid (n = 7) or plasma exchange (n = 1) therapy, with five returning to baseline and two approaching baseline. Large prospective studies are required to further investigate any possible relationship between COVID-19 vaccines and acute CNS demyelination.
The Effect of the Establishment of Conditioned Reinforcement for Reading Content on Second-Graders’ Reading Achievement

There remains a gap in the current literature as to how to reliably measure and increase students’ “voluntary reading,” based on research suggesting a relation between reading amount and reading achievement. We tested the effect of the establishment of conditioned reinforcement for reading via a collaborative shared reading (CSR) conditioning procedure on eight 2nd-grade students with and without learning disabilities and developmental disorders. This conditioning procedure was composed of opportunities for reciprocal reading and collaboration on comprehension and vocabulary tasks related to the reading content, such that partners (teacher–participant or participant–participant) were required to work together. We utilized a combined small-n experimental-control simultaneous-treatment design with a single-case multiple-probe design nested within each small group in order to compare within- and between-group differences for participants in the CSR procedure with a teacher or peer. All participants for whom conditioned reinforcement for reading was established (n = 7) demonstrated gains in reading achievement after a maximum of nine sessions (412 min), with grade-level increases between 0.2 and 2.5 on measures of reading comprehension and between 0.3 and 3.1 on measures of vocabulary. The students in the teacher-yoked condition (n = 3) demonstrated more significant gains in their average increases in achievement, although the peer-yoked procedure was also effective and possibly more viable in a classroom setting. These results suggest that a CSR procedure with a teacher or peer should be considered as a means of increasing the reading achievement of early elementary students via increases in the reinforcement value of reading.
Temporal weighting of binaural information at low frequencies: Discrimination of dynamic interaural time and level differences

The importance of sound onsets in binaural hearing has been addressed in many studies, particularly at high frequencies, where the onset of the envelope may carry much of the useful binaural information. Some studies suggest that sound onsets might play a similar role in the processing of binaural cues [e.g., fine-structure interaural time differences (ITD)] at low frequencies. This study measured listeners' sensitivity to ITD and interaural level differences (ILD) present in early (i.e., onset) and late parts of 80-ms pure tones of 250-, 500-, and 1000-Hz frequency. Following previous studies, tones carried static interaural cues or dynamic cues that peaked at sound onset and diminished to zero at sound offset or vice versa. Although better thresholds were observed in static than dynamic conditions overall, ITD discrimination was especially impaired, regardless of frequency, when cues were not available at sound onset. Results for ILD followed a similar pattern at 1000 Hz; at lower frequencies, ILD thresholds did not differ significantly between dynamic-cue conditions. The results support the “onset” hypothesis of Houtgast and Plomp [(1968). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 44, 807–812] for ITD discrimination, but not necessarily ILD discrimination, in low-frequency pure tones.