cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Self-reported Smoking Exposure Among Bladder Cancer Patients Undergoing Surveillance at a Tertiary Referral Center

Abstract Background Smoking is a risk factor for developing bladder cancer (BCa). Even though continued exposure after diagnosis may adversely affect prognosis, patients may be reluctant to disclose to their physicians that they are currently smoking, leading to inaccurate reporting of exposure and missed opportunities to deliver smoking-cessation advice and treatment in the context of cancer care. Objective We examined the extent of misclassification of recent smoking exposure among patients undergoing BCa surveillance. Design, setting, and participants A consecutive sample of 145 patients with a self-reported smoking history and prior initial diagnosis of BCa was recruited from a tertiary referral urology clinic. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Patients were asked if they had smoked a cigarette or used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) within the past week and whether they lived with a smoker. At the same visit, we collected urine under a biospecimen protocol. We used urinary cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, as an objective biomarker of recent smoking exposure. Nine patients whose urine could not be interpreted for cotinine were excluded. We calculated the smoking status misreporting rate by comparing biochemically verified smoking status (≥31.5 ng/ml vs Results and limitations Overall, 11% (15 of 136) of patients had cotinine values consistent with current smoking. Of these 15 patients, 7 reported being former smokers, resulting in a 47% misclassification rate. However, three of the seven patients who denied smoking in the past week were currently using NRT. Excluding NRT users, the misclassification rate was 33%. Conclusions Future studies investigating the impact of postdiagnosis nicotine exposure on BCa outcomes should use biochemical verification combined with self-reported smoking exposure to classify patients accurately. Patient summary Bladder cancer patients may misreport smoking exposure, thereby missing opportunities for smoking cessation.
Knowledge and Knowledge Barriers

This paper investigates spacial clustering of entrepreneurship and considers work advanced by David Andersson in the field. It assesses the influence that knowledge, in the form of insight, has on creating local economic opportunities, and relates how knowledge is used to advance the theory of spacial clustering to other economic models. A survey of how knowledge is used in some of our economic theories is performed to see if its use in the spacial clustering proposition is consistent. In reviewing how knowledge influenced the spacial nature of entrepreneurship, it was determined that alertness of local economic opportunities plays an essential role in determining successful economic endeavors and supports a core management construct that accurate information is fundamental for effective decision making. The review of how knowledge is used within many of our current economic theories is enlightening. Entrepreneurial knowledge with local time and space information incorporated was found more persuasive as a basis for investments than centralized technical knowledge. Alertness of profit opportunities was found to be the type of knowledge that will consistently reduce investment risks. Knowledge, in its many forms, is not necessarily reducible to entrepreneurial alertness, but rather, is merely a factor that helps explain when discoverable profit opportunities are available to entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs must still have perfect foresight and overcome knowledge barriers. This paper concludes that spacial clustering of entrepreneurial innovation, despite the introduction of new networking technologies that facilitate near-universal distribution of information, is an appropriate economic model that takes into account the face-to-face nature necessary for maintaining entrepreneurial alertness.
Evolution of Transporters: The Relationship of SWEETs, PQ-loop, and PnuC Transporters

Recently, a whole series of novel transporters has been identified, followed by rapid structural dissemination. These include in particular the SemiSWEET and SWEET sugar transporters [1,2], and the PnuC vitamin transporters [3]. Interestingly, these transporters all comprise a basic triple helix bundle [THB; a linked set of three transmembrane (TM) domains] that either assembles into dimers, or contains two THBs fused via an inversion linker helix (TM4). Two THBs form the pore. Moreover, certain 7-TM SWEETs and PnuC members appear to form higher-order trimers of the 7TM polypeptides [2,3,9].
Sustentacular Tumors of Lymph Tissue

As proof that cancers can occur in essentially any cell type, antigen-presenting cells (e.g., dendritic cells or Langerhans cells) can form cancers. Since these tumors can arise from lymph nodes, but do not arise from lymphocytes themselves, they are sometimes termed sarcomas. Other pathologists use the more noncommittal term “tumor” instead of “sarcoma” in this context. If anything, sustentacular tumors of lymphatic tissue represent the correct use of the term “histiocytic sarcoma,” as opposed to malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH, now termed undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma [UPS]), which are not composed of histiocytes, as are these tumors.
Ab Initio Calculation of Proton Transport in DyPO4

Proton mobilities in xenotime-structured DyPO4 have been investigated through first-principles calculations based on electronic density functional theory. The calculated mobility is shown to be highly anisotropic, consistent with the tetragonal symmetry of the xenotime crystal structure. Due to the presence of one-dimensional channels along the c-axis, the hopping rate is significantly enhanced along this direction. Specifically, the activation energy for hopping along the a- and b-axes is computed to be 0.45 eV away from aliovalent dopant impurities, while the calculated energy barrier within the channels that run along the c-axis is 0.15 eV. The corresponding hopping rates along the c-axis channels are more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than those calculated previously for the monoclinic monazite-structured LaPO4 compound. The effects of aliovalent dopants on proton migration have also been investigated, considering the case of Ca2+ substitution for Dy3+. These calculations reveal a dopant-proton bi...
A FIELD INVESTIGATION OF SAND TRANSPORT IN THE SURF ZONE

The distribution of bed-load sand transport normal to the beach has been measured m a series of field experiments conducted in the surf zone at Fernandma Beach, Florida. Simultaneous measurements were made of the waves and water particle motion at various locations in the surf zone. The energy flux of the waves was resolved Into Its longshore component from the measured directional and energy spectra. It Is found that the bed-load transport is related to the depth of water and longshore energy flux. Insight into the mechanics of sediment transport is obtained by comparing the wave and water particle motion energy spectra, which give a direct measure of the kinetic and potential energy, at various locations in the surf zone.
Harvesting the highest power from tiny electrostatic transducers with CMOS circuits.

Although energy in vibrations is often vast, the electrostatic force with which tiny variable capacitors draw power from motion is miniscule, so output power is low. Thankfully, extracting energy at higher voltages generates more power because the electrical damping force that impedes motion to draw power is stronger. Clamping the transducer to a battery is convenient in this respect, but limiting because battery voltages are low. Using a capacitor to clamp the transducer to a higher voltage is better, but only to the extent that capacitance keeps that voltage from reaching the breakdown level of the switches. In fact, when neglecting parasitic power losses in the switches and the controller, a grounded clamping capacitor can yield up to 100% of the theoretical maximum power, and up to 87% with 2.5 nF, 15-V switches, and a 3.3-V battery from a 30–250-pF transducer at 27.6 Hz. Under similar conditions, this paper also shows that battery-clamped and asynchronous and stacked capacitor-clamped systems generate 4%, 17%, and 53%. Keywords—Energy-harvesting charger, switched inductor, maximum output power, electrostatic transducer, damping force. I. ENERGY-HARVESTING MICROSYSTEMS Wireless microsensors can add life-saving and energy-saving intelligence to difficult-to-reach places like the human body [1]–[2] and large networks like hospitals and manufacturing plants [3]–[4]. Tiny batteries, however, cannot store sufficient energy to power these devices over extended periods [5]. This is why harvesting ambient energy is so appealing, because the environment is virtually a boundless source of energy. Harnessing kinetic energy in motion is popular because shock and vibrations are prevalent in moving mechanical systems [3]–[4]. Electrostatic microsystems are useful in this respect because similarly sized electromagnetic transducers output less power, practical piezoelectric devices are difficult to integrate into the chip, and variable microelectromechanical-systems (MEMS) capacitors are CMOS compatible [6]–[7]. Still, power is low and motion can be intermittent. As a result, harvesters normally use the variable capacitor CVAR in Fig. 1 to continually replenish a tiny onboard battery vBAT that ultimately powers the system. Transducer Harvesting Charger vBAT Power Supply Sensor
Karima Kourtit, Peter Nijkamp, & Roger Stough (Eds.), The Rise of the City: Spatial Dynamics in the Urban Century

Abstract. Innovations and innovators who bring new products to market are heralded as change agents and are the heroes of modern business. However, a subtle dimension in social science research has emerged which promises a similar relationship with human interaction and economic development: urban living and the rise of megacities. For a time, new innovations in telecommunication and transportation suggested the demise of cities that would make rural living preferable to life in urban areas. However, rather than these developments leading to the demise of cities, urban areas are now considered as the hub of economic growth and innovation, which is attributed to the international proliferation of urban living. Cities are increasingly seen as reducing the costs of communication, create access to culture, knowledge, and medicine and are recognized as centers of innovation and productivity. It is against this backdrop that Karima Kourtit, Peter Nijkamp, and Roger Stough have edited the volume The Rise of the City: Spatial Dynamics in the Urban Century , which synthesizes leading topics in urban economics.. Keywords. Political economy, Institutions, Democracy, Elections. JEL. F50, D72.
Ictal Cardiac Ryhthym Abnormalities.

Cardiac rhythm abnormalities in the context of epilepsy are a well-known phenomenon. However, they are under-recognized and often missed. The pathophysiology of these events is unclear. Bradycardia and asystole are preceded by seizure onset suggesting ictal propagation into the cortex impacting cardiac autonomic function, and the insula and amygdala being possible culprits. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) refers to the unanticipated death of a patient with epilepsy not related to status epilepticus, trauma, drowning, or suicide. Frequent refractory generalized tonic-clonic seizures, anti-epileptic polytherapy, and prolonged duration of epilepsy are some of the commonly identified risk factors for SUDEP. However, the most consistent risk factor out of these is an increased frequency of generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTC). Prevention of SUDEP is extremely important in patients with chronic, generalized epilepsy. Since increased frequency of GTCS is the most consistently reported risk factor for SUDEP, effective seizure control is the most important preventive strategy.
Polyamines in Eukaryotes, Bacteria, and Archaea

Polyamines are primordial polycations found in most cells and perform different functions in different organisms. Although polyamines are mainly known for their essential roles in cell growth and proliferation, their functions range from a critical role in cellular translation in eukaryotes and archaea, to bacterial biofilm formation and specialized roles in natural product biosynthesis. At first glance, the diversity of polyamine structures in different organisms appears chaotic; however, biosynthetic flexibility and evolutionary and ecological processes largely explain this heterogeneity. In this review, I discuss the biosynthetic, evolutionary, and physiological processes that constrain or expand polyamine structural and functional diversity.
The “rigorous” Maxwell homogenization scheme in 2D elasticity: Effective stiffness tensor of composite with elliptic inhomogeneities

Abstract Maxwell’s homogenization scheme is formulated in terms of the induced dipole moments of the representative volume element (RVE) of actual composite and properly defined equivalent inclusion. Taking interactions between the inhomogeneities into account makes this scheme rigorous in the sense that the effective properties converge to their exact values with increasing RVE size. To demonstrate potential of the “rigorous” Maxwell’s scheme, the 2D elasticity problem for a composite with elliptical inhomogeneities is considered. The complete series solutions for a finite cluster of inhomogeneities and equivalent anisotropic inclusion have been obtained by the method of complex potentials. The effective elastic moduli of composite have been found by equating the dipole strengths of RVE and equivalent inclusion. The convergence of solution is verified and an effect of structural parameters on the effective stiffness tensor of the composite has been evaluated. Numerical study shows that the proposed version of Maxwell’s scheme enables evaluation of the effective properties of both periodic and random structure composites with accuracy, comparable with that of Rayleigh’s method.
Parallel-by-Bit Arithmetic Computational Techniques

This paper describes a technique for performing multiple, concurrent, bit serial, r adix 2, sign and magnitude, most significant bit first arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, divide, e tc.) in separate parallel hardware elements. A set of these elements can be programmed to evaluate an algebraic equation by pairing and evaluating its initial arguments in a first set of elements, pairing the results in a next set of elements, and so on until a solution is obtained. Adder/subtractor and mu1 tiplier elements are described which operate on both register held word output digits and the sum and carry digits resulting from other parallel-by-bit arithmetic operations. A divider element is noted and other features of the technique di scussed. The technique offers an off-line arithmetic enhancement capability for conventional g-p computers and could offer, under proper circumstances, a Val id a1 ternative to mu1 tiprocessors for providing additional a rithmetic capability.
Abstract 735: Honokiol enhances the anticancer effects of doxorubicin by regulating Mucin 1 and Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells

Although great progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a problem facing current cancer research, promoting the need to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in breast cancer and identify future targeted therapy. One of the mechanisms by which chemoresistance is attained in cancer cells is mediated through the expression of MDR-related proteins (MRPs). These transmembrane proteins efflux drugs across the plasma membrane, conferring resistance of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Acquiring drug resistance has been correlated to the emergence of metastasis, accounting for two factors that may be related to progression of the disease. One of the diagnostic markers of metastatic progression is Mucin 1 (MUC1), an oncoprotein which has been implicated in reduced survival rate. Interaction of MUC1 with MRP-1 promotes resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. While several inhibitors have been identified and characterized to overcome drug resistance, thus far none of these have led to effectively managing acquired drug resistance. Along with existing drug treatments for breast cancer, the focus of clinicians and researchers have shifted towards exploring natural products to treat alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance the efficacy of these drugs in cancer. One such compound is honokiol, a natural phenolic compound extracted from Magnolia grandiflora that suppresses breast carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of the current study is to determine whether honokiol regulates MUC1 and MRP1 in mammary carcinoma cells, MDA-MB-231, and the role of honokiol to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin. We investigated the effects of honokiol on the expression of MUC1 and MRP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells by RT-PCR and Immunoblotting. Cell proliferation assays (MTT-(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) were used to study the effect of honokiol on doxorubicin-mediated growth suppression. Honokiol suppressed mRNA and protein expression levels of MUC1 and MRP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, honokiol suppressed the growth of mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells, and enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin-mediated mammary carcinoma growth suppression. Taken together, suppressing the expression level of MUC1 and MRP1 by honokiol enhances the effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Citation Format: Padmamalini Thulasiraman, Saad Alshareedah. Honokiol enhances the anticancer effects of doxorubicin by regulating Mucin 1 and Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) in mammary carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 735. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-735
Liquid scintillation counting of plutonium-239 from biological samples

Abstract The conditions for the measurement of plutonium-239 activity from biological samples by liquid scintillation counting have been determined. It has been found that considerable quantities of iron may be tolerated in the final counting solution if phosphoric acid is added to form a colourless complex. Appreciable quantities of plutonium are adsorbed on the counting bottle when perchloric acidis used, and again the addition of phosphoric acid eliminates the difficulty by complexing the plutonium.
A Comparison of Rectangular vs. Circular Radiographic Collimation DuringSimulated Endodontic Therapy

A COMPARISON OF RECTANGULAR VS. CIRCULAR RADIOGRAPHIC COLLIMATION DURING SIMULATED ENDODONTIC THERAPY By Tareq AlAli, DDS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013. Major Director: Karan J. Replogle, DDS, MS Program Director, Department of Endodontics Rectangular collimation is used in dentistry to reduce radiation by restricting the x-ray beam to approximately the size of a number 2 intraoral film (3.2X4.1 cm). However, this restricted beam size can lead to exposure errors. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the number of radiographs exposed and the presence of technical errors by the use of traditional circular or rectangular collimators during endodontic therapy on simulated teeth in manikins. A total of 1475 digital radiographs of 84 teeth exposed by 60 dental students were evaluated. Evaluation was done by a board certified endodontist, an endodontic resident, and a dental student. Analysis of the different raters showed no significant differences among the three. Radiographs were randomized and blindly renamed. Repeated-measures mixed-model ANOVA was used to compare the number of radiographs exposed using the different collimators. Although not statistically significant (P<.05), there were 15% more radiographs taken with the rectangular collimator when compared to the circular collimator. Using a repeated-measures logistic regression, there was a significant difference of the proportion of radiographs with cone cuts (P = .0003) taken with a rectangular collimator (59%) compared to radiographs taken with a circular collimator (19%). There was no significant evidence for a collimator difference when considering missed apex (P = .0986) or missed apex due to a cone cut (P = .0631). In order to expose high quality radiographs avoiding cone cuts, a traditional circular collimator may be indicated for use during endodontic therapy.
Success of Wildlife Disease Treatment Depends on Host Immune Response

Infectious diseases significantly threaten many wildlife populations. Proposed treatments often fail to consider resulting impacts on natural host defense mechanisms and ongoing infection risks. We demonstrate the importance of prior knowledge of host defenses by modeling outcomes of various treatment regimes on bat populations infected with white-nose syndrome (WNS), a disease that has caused declines in multiple North American species. Despite differences in species susceptibility to the causative fungus, how hosts respond to and survive infection remains unclear. We explore three potential host-defense mechanisms: upregulation of the responsive innate or adaptive immune systems, and rapid evolution that enables evolutionary rescue. We demonstrate that treatment can accelerate extirpation (relative to inaction) if hosts are defended by responsive immunity; whereas, treatment can cause populations undergoing evolutionary rescue to regain population viability faster. We conclude that successful treatment of wildlife diseases must first consider how individuals respond to and survive infection.
Novel affinities: composing the family in the German novel, 1795–1830

Although this study concerns the family in the German novel between 1795 and 1830, it opens with a brief discussion of an earlier work, Goethe’s The Suffering of Young Werther of 1774. A ‘pivotal’ ...
Chemical and Biophysical Approaches for Complete Characterization of Lectin–Carbohydrate Interactions

Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins unrelated to antibodies or enzymes. While carbohydrates are present on all cells and pathogens, lectins are also ubiquitous in nature and their interactions with glycans mediate countless biological and physical interactions. Due to the multivalency found in both lectins and their glycan-binding partners, complete characterization of these interactions can be complex and typically requires the use of multiple complimentary techniques. In this chapter, we provide a general strategy and protocols for chemical and biophysical approaches that can be used to characterize carbohydrate-mediated interactions in the context of individual oligosaccharides, as part of a glycoprotein, and ending with visualization of interactions with whole virions.
LiveMaps: Converting Map Images into Interactive Maps

Image search is a popular application on web search engines. Issuing a location-related query in image search engines often returns multiple images of maps among the top ranked results. Traditionally, clicking on such images either opens the image in a new browser tab or takes users to a web page containing the image. However, finding the area of intent on an interactive web map is a manual process. In this paper, we describe a novel system, LiveMaps, for analyzing and retrieving an appropriate map viewport for a given image of a map. This allows annotation of images of maps returned by image search engines, allowing users to directly open a link to an interactive map centered on the location of interest. LiveMaps works in several stages. It first checks whether the input image represents a map. If yes, then the system attempts to identify what geographical area this map image represents. In the process, we use textual as well as visual information extracted from the image. Finally, we construct an interactive map object capturing the geographical area inferred for the image. Evaluation results on a dataset of high ranked location images indicate our system constructs very precise map representations also achieving good levels of coverage.
Running Local: Gender Stereotyping and Female Candidates in Local Elections:

An implicit assumption underlying the gender stereotyping literature is that female candidates have an advantage in local elections. Two factors motivate this assumption. First, some local issues, ...
Patient and facility variation in costs of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

BACKGROUND Cost-effectiveness or value of cardiovascular therapies may be undermined by unwarranted cost variation, particularly for heterogeneous procedures such as catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to characterize cost variation of AF ablation in the US healthcare system and the relationship between cost and outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the MarketScan® commercial claims and Medicare supplemental databases including patients who received an AF ablation from 2007 to 2011. We aggregated encounter cost, reflecting total payments received for the encounter, to the facility level to calculate median facility cost. We classified procedures as outpatient or inpatient and assessed for association between cost and 30-day and 1-year outcomes. The analysis cohort included 9,415 AF ablations (59±11 years; 28% female; 52% outpatient) occurring at 327 facilities, with large cost variation across facilities (median: $25,100; 25th percentile: $18,900, 75th percentile: $35,600, 95th percentile: $57,800). Among outpatient procedures, there was reduced healthcare utilization in higher cost quintiles with reductions in rehospitalization at 30-days (Quintile 1: 16.1%, Quintile 5: 8.8%, P < 0.001) and 1-year (Quintile 1: 34.8%, Quintile 5: 25.6%, P < 0.001), which remained significant in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although median costs of AF ablation are below amounts used in prior cost-effectiveness studies that demonstrated good value, large facility variation in cost suggests opportunities for cost reduction. However, for outpatient encounters, association of cost to modestly improved outcomes suggests cost containment strategies could have variable effects.
Construal: Overview,Motivation, and Some New Evidence

Is there underspecification in the syntactic phrase marker constructed during on-line sentence analysis? According to the construal hypothesis (Frazier & Clifton, 1996), a very limited amount and type of structural underspecification is available to the human sentence parsing mechanism. Here we present the basic definitions of construal, illustrating the theory with some already published evidence. We also discuss several new pieces of evidence, from our laboratory and elsewhere, that support the construal hypothesis. We end by raising the question of what kind of mechanism operates in the process of interpreting a nonprimary phrase (a phrase that receives an underspecified syntactic analysis), and conclude that it is not a process of competition between multiple activated possible analyses but instead is a process in which the sheer existence of ambiguity need not result in increased processing cost.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Acute Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is probably one of the best examples of an “opportunistic” pathogen, i.e. one that only causes disease in compromised hosts. As reviewed in Chapter 1, normal individuals rarely get P. aeruginosa infections. Chronic P. aeruginosalung infections, discussed in Chapters 5 and 6, are the hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF). This chapter will be restricted to considering the molecular pathogenesis of acute P. aeruginosa infections. These infections include (i) acute pneumonia in hospitalized and in particular mechanically ventilated patients, (ii) skin infections and sepsis in patients with extensive burns, (iii) corneal infections in individuals wearing contact lenses, (iv) urinary tract infections in patients with indwelling Foley catheters, (v) bacteremia and sepsis in immunocompromised patients, particularly neutropenic patients receiving cytotoxic therapies, and (vi) post-surgical wound infections. The magnitude and costs of these nosocomial infections are enormous. For example, P. aeruginosa pneumonia accounts for as much as 20% of hospital-acquired pneumonia and has a mortality rate of upwards of 40%, even with appropriate antibiotic therapy. Likewise, sepsis secondary to P. aeruginosa burn wound infections is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Finally, prior to the institution of pre-emptive antibiotic therapy in neutropenic patients, P. aeruginosa sepsis was a leading cause of death in cancer patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Direct and Resonance Capture Reactions with Nucleons and Composite Particles

What I’d like to do in this paper is primarily to discuss radiative proton capture measurements and direct-semidirect model calculations in both light and heavy nuclei. These are measurements in the giant-resonance region, and are of interest primarily in the degree to which they provide information on giant-quadrupole resonances, and on details of the giant-dipole resonance. Of course, in order to extract giant resonance information from radiative capture, one must first understand the reaction mechanism. To this end, I’ve made extensive investigations of the usefulness of the Direct-Semidirect (DSD) model,1 and I’d like to illustrate for you both its spectacular successes and puzzling failures. I have a few brief comments to make about a-capture in light nuclei, and on neutron capture. Finally I’d like to discuss some exciting recent results on magnetic-dipole strength in the doubly-magic 160 nucleus. Although most of what I’ll talk about generally falls-outside of what one generally calls “neutron physics”, it appropriately falls under the “Related Topics” section of this conference since much of this work bears significantly on fast-neutron capture physics, particularly the DSD calculations. Also, since I hope to present a discussion of rather wide scope (I hesitate to call it a review to avoid offending those whose work I fail to mention) I have taken the liberty of including some previously published work.
“But Everyone Else is Doing It:” A Social Norms Perspective on Classroom Incivility

Classroom incivility includes many student behaviors that detract from learning, such as texting, carrying on side conversations, leaving class early, etc. Uncivil behaviors distract faculty and st...
GPU parameter tuning for tall and skinny dense linear least squares problems

Linear least squares problems (LLSPs) routinely arise in many scientific and engineering problems. One of the fastest ways to solve LLSPs involves performing calculations in parallel on graphics pr...
Dolphin and bat sonar: Nonlinear acoustic effects

Both dolphin and bat sonars operate in an amplitude and frequency regime where nonlinear effects can be observed, particularly distortion and the generation of harmonics. Computations illustrating these nonlinear effects are presented, quantifying effects that could be observed in experiments on echolocating signals conducted with wideband sensors. The mathematical model used is the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) nonlinear parabolic wave equation, which includes diffraction and absorption for directional beams, with computations performed in the time domain using a finite-difference scheme. Inputs to the computations are sample dolphin echolocation transients (clicks) and bat echolocation tone bursts (FM Chirps—fundamental component), taken from the literature for a few species of high-amplitude emitters. Calculations begin in the water or air media. Propagating high-amplitude dolphin clicks are shown to distort, create harmonics, and suffer nonlinear attenuation at ranges of tens of meters. Propagating high-amplitude bat chirps are shown capable of undergoing some nonlinear distortion at ranges within 10 m. The results may be useful in understanding the significance of nonlinear effects for work with these animals. (Work supported by ARL:UT Austin.)
Bilingual Dictionary Induction for Bantu Languages.

We present a method for learning bilingual translation dictionaries between English and Bantu languages. We show that exploiting the grammatical structure common to Bantu languages enables bilingual dictionary induction for languages where training data is unavailable.
Re-Making the Makerspace: Body, Power, and Identity in Critical Making Practices

Abstract Maker culture is an important part of our contemporary moment, characterized by highly-electronic practices that privilege product over process and the individual contributions of disembodied makers. This article explores the ways making is an embodied and relational process that is present in the practices of people living outside the margins of academic and corporate Maker movements. By showing the ways agricultural production on a farm are embodied processes of making with and through human and nonhuman makers using first-person videoethnographic methods, I extend current critiques of critical making and consider how including everyday, non-electronic material practices in the Maker movement redefines and broadens what it means to make, and therefore what it means to be a maker.
Impact of Nonlinearity on RF-Modulated Frequency Combs with Different Modulation Depths in an MUTC Photodetector

We calculate the impact of nonlinearity in a modified uni-traveling carrier (MUTC) photodetector on an RF-modulated frequency comb that is generated using short optical pulses. We take into account bleaching (nonlinear saturation), which plays an important role due to the large peak-to-average power ratio. Nonlinear impairment of an RF-modulated continuous wave is characterized by the second- and third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD2 and IMD3). By contrast, an RF-modulated frequency comb is characterized by a distinct IMD 2 n and IMD >3 n for each comb line n. We study the effect of modulation depth on nonlinearity in frequency combs, comparing modulation depths of 4% and 8%. When we include bleaching, we find that the OIP3 n , third-order intercept point for the n-th comb line, increases when the modulation depth increases for comb lines at frequencies above 2 GHz $(n \geq 40)$, so that distortion decreases. We show that this effect occurs because bleaching attenuates lower frequencies more than higher frequencies and this preferential attenuation increases as the modulation depth increases.
Discriminative Power of Typing Features on Desktops, Tablets, and Phones for User Identification

Research in Keystroke-Dynamics (KD) has customarily focused on temporal features without considering context to generate user templates that are used in authentication. Additionally, work on KD in hand-held devices such as smart-phones and tablets have shown that these features alone do not perform satisfactorily for authentication. In this work, we analyze the discriminatory power of the most-used conventional features found in the literature, propose a set of context-sensitive or word-specific features, and analyze the discriminatory power of proposed features using their classification results. To perform these tasks, we use the keystroke data consisting of over 650K keystrokes, collected from 20 unique users during different activities on desktops, tablets, and phones, over a span of two months. On an average, each user made 12.5K, 9K, and 10K keystrokes on desktop, tablet, and phone, respectively.We find that the conventional features are not highly discriminatory on desktops and are only marginally better on hand-held devices for user identification. By using information of the context, a subset (derived after analysis) of our proposed word-specific features offers superior discrimination among users on all devices. We find that a majority of the classifiers, built using these features, perform user identification well with accuracies in the range of 90% to 97%, average precision and recall values of 0.914 and 0.901, respectively, on balanced test samples in 10-fold cross validation. We also find that proposed features work best on hand-held devices. This work calls for a shift from using conventional KD features to a set of context-sensitive or word-specific KD features that take advantage of known information such as context.
Developing a Training Program for Digital Literacy Coaches for Older Adults: Lessons Learned from the Train-the-Trainer Program

Social isolation and loneliness are critical issues facing older adults. The COVID-19 pandemic increased isolation among this population, and digital technologies are considered a significant lifeline for older adults adhering to social distancing guidelines. Research has shown that lifelong learning and maintaining social connection during the senior years leads to positive health outcomes. The digital literacy training program addresses isolation and loneliness issues and promotes lifelong learning among older adults. The program's delivery is a train-the-trainer (TT) model. In the TT model for this study, volunteers facilitated eight digital technology lessons after receiving training on adult learning principles, working with older adults, and teaching technology strategies. This article aims to share the results from the TT process and the curriculum implementation from the volunteer trainers' perspectives, called coaches, who participated in the pilot program. The coaches' feedback and the observations made by the researchers offer essential insights into the design and development of a TT model for a technology training program for older adults. The findings suggest improvements for the curriculum and the TT model, including equipping the coaches with tablets at the beginning of the training, providing extended video conference practice, increasing technical support on-site, and expanding step by step instructions for training guides.
Untangling mechanized proofs

Proof assistants like Coq, Lean, or HOL4 rely heavily on stateful meta-programs called scripts to assemble proofs. Unlike pen-and-paper proofs, proof scripts only describe the steps to take (induct on x, apply a theorem, …), not the states that these steps lead to; as a result, plain proof scripts are essentially incomprehensible without the assistance of an interactive user interface able to run the script and show the corresponding proof states. Until now, the standard process to communicate a proof without forcing readers to execute its script was to manually copy-paste intermediate proof states into the script, as source code comments — a tedious and error-prone exercise. Additional prose (such as for a book or tutorial) was likewise embedded in comments, preserving executability at the cost of a mediocre text-editing experience. This paper describes a new approach to the development and dissemination of literate proof scripts, with a focus on the Coq proof assistant. Specifically, we describe two contributions: a compiler that interleaves Coq’s output with the original proof script to produce interactive webpages that are complete, self-contained presentations of Coq proofs; and a new literate programming toolkit that allows authors to switch seamlessly between prose- and code-oriented views of the same sources, by translating back and forth between reStructuredText documents and literate Coq source files. In combination, these tools offer a new way to write, communicate, and preserve proofs, combining the flexibility of procedural proof scripts and the intelligibility of declarative proofs.
Cancer Pain and End of Life Care

Resulting from cancer growth or a side effect of therapy, cancer pain can often be treated quite successfully with aggressive pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic modalities. An understanding of the underlying cancer and potential complications will help guide the diagnostics and treatments of patients with cancer.
One-shot object parsing in newborn chicks.

Controlled-rearing studies provide the unique opportunity to examine which psychological mechanisms are present at birth and which mechanisms emerge from experience. Here we show that one core component of visual perception-the ability to parse objects from backgrounds-is present when newborn animals see their first object. We reared newborn chicks in strictly controlled environments containing a single object on a single background, then tested the chicks' object parsing and recognition abilities. We found that chicks can parse objects from natural backgrounds at the onset of vision, allowing chicks to recognize objects equally well across familiar and novel backgrounds. We also found that the development of object parsing requires motion cues, akin to the development of object parsing in human infants and newly sighted blind patients. These results demonstrate that newborn brains are capable of "one-shot object parsing" and show that motion cues scaffold object perception from the earliest stages of learning. We conclude that prenatal developmental programs build brain architectures with an object-based inductive bias, allowing animals to solve object perception tasks immediately without extensive experience with objects. We discuss the implications of this finding for developmental psychology, computational neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Plagiarism as a Social Contract, a New Way to Approach Plagiarism

Most cases of plagiarism involve a power differential where not every person has the same ability to enter into a social contract. A social contract requires that each party understands the expectations or norms of the contract, has a voice in setting or changing the norms and has the ability to exit the contract. If those with less power want to gain power then they have to engage in activities bound by norms set by others with little or no ability to exit and no voice. Even if one determines that it is an option to choose a role that requires academic writing, even at the earliest grades, then the social contract demands a shared norm of what constitutes correct behavior. This study reviewed the abstracts of articles indexed in Google Scholar from 1999–2019 through the lens of integrative social contract theory (ISCT) and found, in the case of plagiarism, an existing consensus of correct behavior does not exist. Recommendations for establishing a social contract conclude the article.
Using CANARY event detection software for water quality analysis in the Milwaukee River

Abstract Urban water sources are susceptible to various contamination events as a result of natural, accidental, and human-induced occurrences. An early warning monitoring system provides timely information on changes in urban water quality. In this study, an analysis was made with CANARY event detection software (EDS) to monitor water quality parameters in river water and to identify the onset of anomalous water quality periods. Water quality signals including pH, conductivity, and turbidity from the Milwaukee River over specified periods during the summer season of 2018–2020 were employed as inputs to event detection algorithms in CANARY. The data analysis results show that CANARY can be useful as an early warning system for monitoring contamination in urban water sources and help to identify abnormal conditions quickly. The sensibility of the model relies on optimizing the configuration parameters, which involves selecting the ideal set of parameters for the event detection algorithm and adjusting the BED parameters to increase or decrease the probability of generating an alarm. The number of events reported between the Linear Prediction Correction Filter (LPCF) and Multivariate Nearest Neighbor (MVNN) algorithms varied as a result of different residual calculation mechanisms. Climate factors that contributed to the abnormal water quality events in the river were examined. The analysis of rainfall on water quality was carried out using a statistical method by determining whether there is a significant difference (p-value) between the seasonal mean water quality data and the mean value of water parameters during the sampling duration. Regression analysis was also performed to estimate the best model that describes the relationship between each of the water quality parameters and temperature.
The Emerging Neuroepitranscriptome

Chemical modifications on ribonucleic acid are prominent in the brain, are emerging as regulators of proper brain development, and have been implicated in neurological disorders. Similar to epigenetic modifications that regulate gene expression patterns, epitranscriptomic marks and their associated cellular machinery are involved in the expression of RNA that is required for developmental processes and maintenance of the nervous system. This work provides a detailed view on the current literature surrounding N6-methyladeonosine, N1-methyladeonsine, 5-methylcytidine, pseudouridine, and other RNA modifications in brain development and neurological disorders.
Strain induced grain boundary migration effects on grain growth of an austenitic stainless steel during static and metadynamic recrystallization

Abstract Static and metadynamic recrystallization of an AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel was investigated at 1100 °C and 10 − 2 s − 1 strain rate. The kinetics of recrystallization was determined through double hit compression tests. Two strain levels were selected for the first compression hit: e f = 0.15 for static recrystallization (SRX) and 0.25 for metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX). Both the as-deformed and the recrystallized microstructures were investigated through optical microscopy and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. During deformation, strain induced grain boundary migration appeared to be significant, producing a square-like grain boundary structure aligned along the directions of the maximum shear stresses in compression. EBSD analysis revealed to be as a fundamental technique that the dislocation density was distributed heterogeneously in the deformed grains. Grain growth driven by surface energy reduction was also investigated, finding that it was too slow to explain the experimental data. Based on microstructural results, it was concluded that saturation of the nucleation sites occurred in the first stages of recrystallization, while grain growth driven by strain induced grain boundary migration (SIGBM) dominated the subsequent stages.
The escape theory of suicide in college students: testing a model that includes perfectionism

A model of the escape theory of suicide was tested, using the following measures: the Life Experiences Survey, the Socially Prescribed Perfectionism subscale, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Hopelessness Scale, the Reasons for Living Inventory, and the Scale for Suicide Ideation. College students (N = 114) completed all of these measures, and results were correlated. LISREL path analysis failed to validate the proposed model. All proposed paths were significant, except for the reciprocal path proposed between negative life events and socially prescribed perfectionism. Two residual paths were also significant: from socially prescribed perfectionism to suicide ideation, and from hopelessness to suicide ideation. A revised model constructed from these significant paths had a good overall fit, which suggests that an interactional model is more appropriate than a linear one.
Percussive impact wear: A study of repetitively impacting solid components in engineering

Abstract Repetitive impacting of solid components in many industries poses severe wear problems limiting service life. This paper first describes the principal variables, testing methods, testing equipment and material dependencies. Subsequently, a general engineering impact wear theory is outlined based on experimental results of the initiation and progress of wear, and the relationship between impact loads and wear scar geometry. Both the impact pulse and wear mechanism are modelled for general applications