cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development and Flight Testing of a Winged UAS with Vertical Take-Off and Landing Capabilities

HE 2009-2010 Senior Aircraft Design class at North Carolina State University was given the problem to develop an electric powered Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) that was capable of vertical take-off and landing and transitioning to winged flight. The advantage of vertical take-offs and landings is the elimination of the need of a runway for flight operations. The endurance of the UAS in winged flight was five times the endurance in hover flight and range is increased by several orders of magnitude. The design requirements were for a molded composite airframe. The UAS was electric powered with fixed pitch propellers. Various stability augmentation systems were used during hover and transitions to reduce the pilot workload. There were three teams that were working at attining the same set of requirements. The teams employed Concurrent Engineering at the very start of the design phase. Concurrent Engineering took each team into different directions. One team developed a tilt-wing aircraft, but had problems in controlling the roll of their aircraft in hover. The other two teams based their designs on a tail-sitter configuration. One of the tail-sitters was heavily directed at vehicle control in hover, which was to the detriment of handling qualities in winged flight. The third team worked at obtaining a compromise in handling qualities is hover and winged flight. A limitiation that the teams had to contend with was the lack of an aerodynamic analysis tool that would adequately cover the nonlinear realms between winged flight and hover. This paper will focus on the work of this third team.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression: A Learning Theory Connection

This paper offers a new learning theory-based conceptualization of worry in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). The authors suggest that the processes that produce GAD symptoms may vary across GAD sufferers and that treatment effectiveness may be enhanced if the process that likely produced symptoms in a given individual is understood. Specifically, they suggest that a “worry as adjunctive behavior” hypothesis be added to the “worry as anxiety” and “worry as avoidance behavior” hypotheses currently considered. This new hypothesis suggests that for some worriers, worry may function as an adjunctive behavior; that is, a way of accessing quick satisfaction when daily living produces too little response contingent reinforcement. The authors explain that life events that give rise to adjunctive behavior are the same as those that contribute to depression and that this might help explain the high comorbidity between GAD and depression. In cases in which worry appears to serve an adjunctive function, treating GAD symptoms as depression would be treated (e.g., with behavioral activation) may be the most successful course of action.
Effect of Tannin Extraction on the Performance of Chicks Fed Bird Resistant Sorghum Grain Diets

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effects on chick performance of extracting the tannin from bird resistant sorghum grains BR64, IS8260 and IS6992 as well as non-resistant sorghums RS610 and RS671. The procedure, involving alkaline treatment of whole grain followed by hot water washing, removes most of the tannins from bird resistant sorghums and renders them equivalent in tannin content to non-resistant sorghums. Comparisons among sorghum grains were made on an isonitrogenous basis in a sorghum-soybean meal diet at sub-optimal protein levels. Extraction of the tannins from bird resistant sorghums BR64 and IS8260 resulted in significantly better chick growth and feed conversion as compared with that of chicks fed the intact bird resistant sorghum diets. Performance with these treated bird resistant sorghums was approximately equal to that obtained with intact non-resistant sorghums. The extraction process did not significantly influence growth rate but did significantly improve feed conversion of the non-resistant sorghum grains. Supplementation of the sorghum IS8260 diet with methionine resulted in a significant improvement in chick performance and an increased incidence and severity of a leg abnormality as compared with the unsupplemented IS8260 diet. Methionine supplementation of a diet containing sorghum IS8260 after extraction of the tannin resulted in similar leg scores and only a slight improvement in performance as compared with the same diet without added methionine.
The Earth Sciences from the Perspective of an Art Museum

The scientific investigation of works of art has an essential role in understanding museum collections and is fundamental in establishing successful conservation and restoration strategies. In the multidisciplinary environment of museums, scientists work with conservators and curators not only to more profoundly understand works of art but to better preserve them, and this often involves using analytical techniques borrowed from different disciplines of Earth sciences (e.g. mineralogy, geochemistry, and petrology). Two case studies – the stones of Angkor (Cambodia) and a blue paint mineral pigment – demonstrate how the Earth sciences are helping to identify, determine provenance, and conserve a broad spectrum of works of art. The impact on archaeological and art historical scholarship is substantial
Thermodynamic analysis of self-assembly in coiled-coil biomaterials.

Coiled-coil protein structural motifs have proven amenable to the design of structurally well-defined biomaterials. Mesoscale structural properties can be fairly well predicted based on rules governing the chemical interactions between the helices that define this structural motif. We explore the role of the hydrophobic core residues on the self-assembly of a coiled-coil polymer through a mutational analysis coupled with a salting-out procedure. Because the resultant polymers remain in solution, a thermodynamic approach is applied to characterize the polymer assembly using conventional equations from polymer theory to extract nucleation and elongation parameters. The stabilities and lengths of the polymers are measured using circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, sizing methods including dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation, and atomic force microscopy to assess mesoscale morphology. Upon mutating isoleucines at two core positions to serines, we find that polymer stability is decrea...
Modeling and measurement of geometrically nonlinear damping in a microcantilever-nanotube system.

Nonlinear mechanical systems promise broadband resonance and instantaneous hysteretic switching that can be used for high sensitivity sensing. However, to introduce nonlinear resonances in widely used microcantilever systems, such as AFM probes, requires driving the cantilever to an amplitude that is too large for any practical applications. We introduce a novel design for a microcantilever with a strong nonlinearity at small cantilever oscillation amplitude arising from the geometrical integration of a single BN nanotube. The dynamics of the system was modeled theoretically and confirmed experimentally. The system, besides providing a practical design of a nonlinear microcantilever-based probe, demonstrates also an effective method of studying the nonlinear damping properties of the attached nanotube. Beyond the typical linear mechanical damping, the nonlinear damping contribution from the attached nanotube was found to be essential for understanding the dynamical behavior of the designed system. Experim...
Research Progress of Black Carbon in Snow and Ice

Black carbon aerosol is an important component of the atmospheric aerosols.When it is settled in snow and ice,it can decrease the reflectivity of the surface of snow and ice.As a result,it can affect the melting process of snow and ice,and lead to the potential global and regional climate change.In addition,the radiative forcing effects of black carbon in snow and ice are of great concern.China discharges lots of black carbon aerosol,therefore the issues of black carbon in snow and ice merit the attention.This paper describes briefly the importance of the study of black carbon in snow and ice,and emphasizes the sources and historical environmental records of black carbon in snow and ice,and the calculation method of the effects of black carbon on the reflectivity in snow and ice and the radiative forcing effects of black carbon.Finally,this paper presents the prospect of the study of black carbon in snow and ice,and proposes three aspects of research which needs to be further strengthened.
Tuberculosis Epidemic Analysis in 2011 in A City

Objective Though analyzing the popular features of tuberculosis in Heze area,we can provide the scientific supports to make prevention strategy and control the incidence rate of tuberculosis.Methods We make a descriptive epidemiological analysis on tuberculosis surveillance systems report data in 2011 in Heze area.Results In 2011 we make Heze Bumber of cases of tuberculosis reported 3574 cases,The average annual incidence rate of tuberculosis is 37.28/10 million;onset time mainly around the spring and winter;The geographical distribution is chiefly in Shanxian County;onset age mainly around the age group from l5 to 24 and from 55 to 64,a total of 1402 cases accounted for 39.23%;the male is main body and the male and female ratio was 2.5∶ 1;The professional distribution is mainly among farmers,a total of 3201 cases accounted for 89.56%,followed by Migrant workers.Conclusion Through the application of modern TB control strategy,in 2011 the city tuberculosis onset rates descend compared to last year,the tuberculosis epidemic have been well controlled.We can continue to implement the management measures on TB control and strengthen TB prevention knowledge propaganda,especially the found and management of the key crowd on tuberculosis,further controlling our tuberculosis epidemic.
Policing immigrants: Fear of deportations and perceptions of law enforcement and criminal justice

SummaryThis study examined the relationship between the fear of deportation and perceptions of law enforcement, the criminal justice system, and the willingness to report crimes among Latinos in the US. Understanding the relationship between increased immigration enforcement and fear of deportation may promote public safety by improving the relationship between the police and Latino communities.FindingsMultivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses of the data found that participants who had a greater fear of deportation reported: (1) less confidence that police would not use excessive force (p < .01); (2) less confidence that police would treat Latinos fairly (p < .05); (3) a lower likelihood of reporting crimes (p < .05); and (4) less confidence that the courts would treat Latinos fairly (p < .01).ApplicationsSocial work practitioners can help address this issue and improve the relationship between law enforcement, the criminal justice system, and the Latino community by: delivering cultural competen...
Examining the Impact of Maternal Health, Race, and Socioeconomic Status on Daughter's Self-Rated Health Over Three Decades.

This study examines the role of mother's health and socioeconomic status on daughter's self-rated health using data spanning three decades from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Mature Women and Young Women (N = 1,848 matched mother-daughter pairs; 1,201 White and 647 African American). Using nested growth curve models, we investigated whether mother's self-rated health affected the daughter's self-rated health and whether socioeconomic status mediated this relationship. Mother's health significantly influenced daughters' self-rated health, but the findings were mediated by mother's socioeconomic status. African American daughters reported lower self-rated health and experienced more decline over time compared with White daughters, accounting for mother's and daughter's covariates. Our findings reveal maternal health and resources as a significant predictor of daughters' self-rated health and confirm the role of socioeconomic status and racial disparities over time.
Putting Polarization in Perspective

In mid-2003, Rep. Bill Thomas (R-Calif.), chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee, attempted to rush a ninety-page pension reform bill through his committee. Not having had an opportunity to read the bill, the Democratic members fled the committee room to review the legislation in an adjacent library. An irate Thomas called for an immediate vote and passed the bill with only one Democrat, Representative Pete Stark (D-Calif.), still in the room. When Stark objected to Thomas's tactics, Representative Scott McInnis (R-Col.), a majority party committee member and Thomas ally, told Stark to “shut up.” The seventy-one-year-old Stark challenged McInnis, twenty-one years his junior, to “make him” shut up and then repeatedly called him a “little fruitcake.” Chairman Thomas took the unusual step of calling the Capitol Police to subdue Stark and eject the Democrats from the library. Although such a move was not unprecedented in the modern era, it was, to say the least, highly irregular. This is emblematic of the intense polarization that characterizes contemporary American politics. There are many indications that American politics is now more sharply divided and more intensely conflicted than has typically been the case. A distinctly conservative Supreme Court decided the 2000 presidential election in favor of the conservative candidate who was the popular vote loser, causing Democrats much consternation and Republicans much exhilaration. Income inequality has reached its highest point since the United States started keeping such data in the 1940s (McCarty, Poole, and Rosenthal 2006), and class-based voting has become the most pronounced it has been in at least the last fifty years (Stonecash 2000; Bartels 2006).
Pavlovian disgust conditioning as a model for contamination-based OCD: Evidence from an analogue study.

Abstract Pavlovian fear conditioning provides a model for anxiety-related disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, disgust is the predominant emotional response to contamination, which is a common theme in OCD. The present study sought to identify disgust conditioning abnormalities that may underlie excessive contamination concerns relevant to OCD. Individuals high and low in contamination concern (HCC, n = 32; LCC, n = 30) completed an associative learning task in which one neutral face (conditioned stimulus; CS+) was followed by a disgusting image (unconditioned stimulus; US) and another neutral face (CS–) was unreinforced. Following this acquisition procedure, there was an extinction procedure in which both CSs were presented unreinforced. The groups did not show significant differences in discriminant responding to the CSs following acquisition. However, following extinction, the HCC group reported less reduction in their expectancy of the US following the CS+, and also reported greater disgust to the CS+, compared to the LCC group. Increased disgust to the CS+ following both acquisition and extinction was correlated with increased symptoms of contamination-based OCD and increased disgust sensitivity. Additionally, disgust sensitivity mediated group differences in disgust responding to the CS+ at acquisition and extinction. Also, failure to adjust US expectancy in response to extinction partially mediated group differences in disgust to the CS+ following extinction. Together, these findings suggest that excessive contamination concerns observed in OCD may be related to difficulty inhibiting acquired disgust, possibly due to elevated disgust sensitivity that characterizes the disorder.
Principles for Pricing Market Milk

HE principal objective of a university is to assemble, discover, and disseminate truths which will be most useful in improving the standards of living of the people whom it serves. Hence, in setting down principles for pricing of market milk, the first question which a university researcher may logically raise is: Is the proposed pricing policy in line with public interest? Does it tend to encourage the maintenance and expansion of sales of market milk in line with nutritional needs? Does it tend to promote harmony between producers and dealers and to put a stop to milk strikes which in the past have been costly to all groups? A second question: Is the proposed pricing policy fair to the various interests involved? Is it fair to farmers? Is it fair to dealers? Is it fair to labor?
Introducing Students to Understanding Business Processes and Identifying Data Sources

ABSTRACT The ability to understand, document, and analyse business processes is a key skill for accountants. The lack of business experience makes it difficult for many students to grasp the concep...
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist trigger increases the number of oocytes and embryos available for cryopreservation in cancer patients undergoing ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation

Objective To compare the oocyte and embryo yield associated with GnRH-agonist triggers vs. hCG triggers in cancer patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for fertilization preservation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Academic center. Patient(s) Cancer patients undergoing COS with letrozole and gonadotropins or gonadotropin-only protocols for oocyte or embryo cryopreservation. Intervention(s) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or hCG trigger. Main Outcome Measure(s) Number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes or two-pronuclei (2PN) embryos available for cryopreservation were primary outcomes. Separate multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the effect of trigger type on the primary outcomes, after controlling for confounders of interest. Result(s) A total of 341 patients were included, 99 (29.0%) in the GnRH-agonist group and 242 (71%) in the hCG group. There was no difference in the baseline demographics of patients receiving GnRH-agonist or hCG triggers. Within the letrozole and gonadotropins group (n = 269), the number (mean ± SD, 11.8 ± 5.8 vs. 9.9 ± 6.0) and percentage of MII oocytes (89.6% vs. 73.0%) available for cryopreservation was higher with GnRH-agonist triggers compared with hCG triggers. Similar results were noted with GnRH-agonist triggers in the gonadotropin-only group (n = 72) (i.e., a higher number [13.3 ± 7.9 vs. 9.3 ± 6.0] and percentage of MII oocytes [85.7% vs. 72.8%] available for cryopreservation). Multivariate linear regression demonstrated approximately three more MII oocytes and 2PN embryos available for cryopreservation in the GnRH-agonist trigger group, irrespective of cancer and COS protocol type. Conclusion(s) Utilization of a GnRH-agonist trigger increases the number of MII oocytes and 2PN embryos available for cryopreservation in cancer patients undergoing COS for fertility preservation.
PLATELET NEUROTRANSMITTER – RELATED ENZYMES IN PSYCHO – PHARMACOLOGIC STUDIES

ABSTRACT A number of neurotransmitter-related enzymes are present in blood platelets. Among these some enzymatic characteristics (e.g. km, substrate selectivity and inhibitor susceptibility) have been demonstrated to be similar in platelets vs. brain and other tissues for monoamine oxidase (MAO), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase and (in our recent unpublished studies) for catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT). Other neurotransmitter-related enzymes present in platelets include a phenol sulfotransferase, an indole N-methyl transferase, a norepinephrine sensitive adenylate cyclase and several ATPases.
Identifying, Nurturing and Monitoring Core Technologies

Having already defined high technology and the commercialization cycle, we must finally define “technology” and technology transfer. We then move to the criteria for choosing and identifying core technologies. (Chapter 1 established the justification for distinguishing core technologies). One criterion is the ability to master the core technology fast enough to reduce prices in a way that maintains profitability while discouraging competitive entries. Experience curves are an important consideration in timing price reductions; this chapter deals with experience curves and their computation. Again, the requisite mathematics are given in an appendix.
NATIONAL LANGUAGE & MINORITY LANGUAGE RIGHTS

This brief paper highlights the perspectives of those proposing and opposing the idea of Minority Language Right (MLR). Then, the paper relates this discussion to the context of bi/multilingualism in Indonesia by referring to cases of bi/multilingualism in different contexts. In particular, it is also discussed whether MLR is relevant to Indonesian, a national language of Indonesia, seen through historical, political, social, and economic perspectives of bi/multilingualism in Indonesia. In the end, the authorâ€™s stance of MLR is asserted.
NOOSE - Networked Object-Oriented Security Examiner

NOOSE (Networked Object-Oriented Security Examiner) is a distributed vulnerability analysis system based on object modeling. It merges the functionality of host-based and network-based scanners, storing the results into several object classes. The remote agents are implemented as dynamically extended PERL agents. NOOSE is able to collect vulnerabilities from a variety of sources, including outputs from other vulnerability analysis programs (e.g., Muffet's CRACK), collecting information from systems that may or may not have cooperative agents on them. Communication is based on a secure, reliable datagram protocol implemented as a set of PERL object classes. Unlike some vulnerability systems, NOOSE presents the vulnerability information as an integrated database, showing how vulnerabilities may be combined into chains across multiple accounts and systems. It understands unconditional vulnerabilities (i.e., stack-overflow, password guessing) along with conditional (Trojan horse, rlogin, and NFS access). Conditional vulnerabilities gain limited or privileges if conditions exist, such as access to specific accounts. The information is presented as an object-oriented "spreadsheet" format, allowing the security manager to explore vulnerabilities at whim. Once complete, the vulnerability analysis can move both forwards and backwards interactively, showing both what a selected account can attack, as well as showing who can attack a selected account. Besides vulnerability analysis, the system can intelligently verify the installation of security patches, dynamically installing missing patches. NOOSE is therefore a flexible prototype, able to provide a subset of the functionality of COPS, SATAN and TRIPWIRE, yet because of the object model, be used for developing new paradigms, such as reacting to intrusions, information warfare, and survivability management systems.
Electrical Double Layers: Effects of Asymmetry in Electrolyte Valence on Steric Effects, Dielectric Decrement, and Ion-Ion Correlations.

We study the effects of asymmetry in electrolyte valence (i.e., non z:z electrolytes) on mean field theory of the electrical double layer. Specifically, we study the effect of valence asymmetry on finite ion-size effects, the dielectric decrement, and ion–ion correlations. For a model configuration of an electrolyte near a charged surface in equilibrium, we present comprehensive analytical and numerical results for the potential distribution, electrode charge density, capacitance, and dimensionless salt uptake. We emphasize that the asymmetry in electrolyte valence significantly influences the diffuse-charge relations, and prior results reported in the literature are readily extended to non z:z electrolytes. We develop scaling relations and invoke physical arguments to examine the importance of asymmetry in electrolyte valence on the aforementioned effects. We conclude by providing implications of our findings on diffuse-charge dynamics and other electrokinetic phenomena.
Effect of Slow Release Fertilizers on Formation of Mycorrhizae and Growth of Container Grown Pine Seedlings

Slow-release fertilizer formulations at various NPK analyses, release rates, and application rates were evaluated for their effects on seedling growth and mycorrhizal development of container-grown...
The association of TV viewing during dinner meals with quality of dietary intake and BMI z-scores among low income, ethnic minority preschool children

Abstract Background TV viewing has been associated with children's weight status and is thought to be mediated mostly through children's dietary intake. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not understood. Objective Assess the associations of having the TV on and the child watching TV during dinners with the dietary quality consumed at that meal and with the child's weight status. Methods Secondary analysis of a directly-observed study of 144 preschool-aged African American and Hispanic, low-income children's dinner meals. Three home dinners were video recorded per child (428 meals observed) and what children were served and consumed measured. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 assessed dietary quality of dinners served and consumed. Child height and weight were measured and parents completed questionnaires. Videos were coded for whether the TV was on and the proportion of the dinner the child watched TV. Mixed models with meal observations nested within child assessed the associations. Results 77% of children consumed at least one dinner with the TV on. The proportion of the meal the child watched TV was not associated with lower dietary quality consumed. TV on was associated with the dietary quality consumed only in the fully adjusted model (p Conclusion Having the TV on during meals was common, but watching TV during the meal was not associated with the dietary quality of what the children consumed. Further controlled studies should evaluate if turning the TV off during dinner directly improves the dietary quality children consume at that meal.
Parallel Synthesis of Novel 3-Substituted 1-Ethyl-6-methylpyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-5,7(1H,6H)-dione Analogues.

The preparation of a library of 37 novel 1H-pyrimido[4,5-c]pyridazine-5,7-dione analogues (V) via parallel synthesis is described.
Bioengineering a Future Free of Marine Plastic Waste

Plastic waste has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, and the production of plastic continues to rise steadily. Plastic represents a diverse array of commonly-used synthetic polymers that are extremely useful as durable, economically-beneficial alternatives to other materials; however, despite the wide-ranging utility of plastic, the increasing accumulation of plastic waste in the environment has had numerous detrimental impacts. In particular, plastic marine debris can transport invasive species, entangle marine organisms, and cause toxic chemical bioaccumulation in the marine food web. The negative impacts of plastic waste have motivated research on new ways to reduce and eliminate plastic. One unique approach to tackle the plastic waste problem is to turn to nature’s solutions for degrading polymers by leveraging the biology of naturally-occurring organisms to degrade plastic. Advances in metagenomics, next generation sequencing, and bioengineering have provided new insights and new opportunities to identify and optimize organisms for use in plastic bioremediation. In this review, we discuss the plastic waste problem and possible solutions, with a focus on potential mechanisms for plastic bioremediation. We pinpoint two key habitats to identify plastic-biodegrading organisms: 1) habitats with distinct enrichment of plastic waste, such as those near processing or disposal sites, and 2) habitats with naturally-occurring polymers, such as cutin, lignin, and wax. Finally, we identify directions of future research for the isolation and optimization of these methods for widespread bioremediation applications.
Benchmarking the Raw Model-Generated Background Forecast in Rapidly Updated Surface Temperature Analyses. Part II: Gridded Benchmark

AbstractThis is the second part of a series on benchmarking raw 1-h high-resolution numerical weather prediction surface-temperature forecasts from NOAA’s High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) syste...
On the Ontological Status of Trust: Robert Spaemann’s Philosophy of the Person as a Promise

Promising is not just one of many genuinely personal actions. According to Robert Spaemann’s philosophy of the person, promising is the paradigmatic act in which one recognizes that one knows what it means to be a person. The ontological reason for this fundamental aspect of promise is that the being of the person is itself essentially constituted by recognition. Without recognition we would not be persons; but, at the same time, what we recognize when we act as persons is certainly a status which precedes any act of its recognition. This paradoxical constellation makes the promise a paradigmatic example for the phenomenon of fulfilled presence.
Good Platelets Gone Bad: The Effects of Trauma Patient Plasma on Healthy Platelet Aggregation.

Background Altered post-injury platelet behavior is recognized in the pathophysiology of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), but the mechanisms remain largely undefined. Studies suggest that soluble factors released by injury may inhibit signaling pathways and induce structural changes in circulating platelets. Given this, we sought to examine the impact of treating healthy platelets with plasma from injured patients. We hypothesized that healthy platelets treated ex-vivo with plasma from injured patients with shock would impair platelet aggregation, while treatment with plasma from injured patients with significant injury burden, but without shock, would enhance platelet aggregation. Methods Plasma samples were isolated from injured patients (pre-transfusion) and healthy donors at a Level I trauma center and stored at -80°C. Plasma samples from four separate patients in each of the following stratified clinical groups were used: mild injury/no shock (injury severity score [ISS] 2-15, base excess [BE]>-6), mild injury/with shock (ISS 2-15, BE≤-6), severe injury/no shock (ISS>25, BE>-6), severe injury/with shock (ISS>25, BE≤-6), minimal injury (ISS 0/1, BE>-6), and healthy. Platelets were isolated from three healthy adult males and were treated with plasma for 30 min. Aggregation was stimulated with a thrombin receptor agonist and measured via multiple-electrode platelet aggregometry. Data were normalized to HEPES Tyrode's (HT) buffer-only treated platelets. Associations of plasma treatment groups with platelet aggregation measures were tested with Mann-Whitney U Tests. Results Platelets treated with plasma from patients with shock (regardless of degree of injury) had significantly impaired thrombin stimulated aggregation compared to platelets treated with plasma from patients without shock (p = 0.002). Conversely, platelets treated with plasma from patients with severe injury, but without shock, had amplified thrombin stimulated aggregation (p = 0.030). Conclusion Shock mediated soluble factors impair platelet aggregation, and tissue injury mediated soluble factors amplify platelet aggregation. Future characterization of these soluble factors will support development of novel treatments of TIC.
The Virginia Carlton—Taylor Hayden

With the final paper of the semester now submitted, there was only one remaining obstacle for Taylor Hayden before departing tomorrow afternoon for an exciting and challenging summer internship with a strategic consulting firm in Washington, DC: a meeting with Hunter Morgan. Morgan was the final prospect interested in subletting Hayden's bedroom in the Virginia Carlton for the summer. All other inquiries had led to dead ends. If Morgan did not agree to sublet the bedroom, Hayden would have to absorb the full cost of the bedroom expenses for the summer—an unpleasant outcome, but one with which Hayden was reconciled. This case and its companion case, “The Virginia Carlton—Hunter Morgan” (UVA-QA-0782), describe a predominantly distributive bargaining situation to which additional issues can be added for the mutual benefit of both parties. Excerpt UVA-QA-0781 Apr. 4, 2012 The Virginia Carlton—Taylor Hayden Although the first year at the University of Virginia (U.Va.) McIntire School of Commerce had been a lot of work, it had been nonetheless a terrific year for Taylor Hayden. With the final paper of the semester now submitted, there was only one remaining obstacle: a meeting with Hunter Morgan before departing tomorrow afternoon for an exciting and challenging summer internship with a strategic consulting firm in Washington, DC. Morgan was the final prospect interested in subletting Hayden's bedroom in the Virginia Carlton for the summer. All other inquiries had led to dead ends. If Morgan did not agree to sublet the bedroom, Hayden would have to absorb the full cost of the bedroom expenses for the summer—an unpleasant outcome, but one with which Hayden was reconciled. The Virginia Carlton was a newly constructed and well maintained apartment building on Jefferson Park Avenue, located fairly close to U.Va.'s central grounds. The second-floor apartment, which Hayden had shared with two friends, comprised three bedrooms, two bathrooms, a kitchen, a common room (with a wide-screen TV), and a laundry room (see Exhibit 1 for the floor plan). The apartment rental also included one reserved space in the building's underground parking garage. Each roommate's share of the rnt was $ 480 per month. The rental rate did not include electricity, which ran from $ 10 to $ 15 per person per month. Fortunately for Hayden, the group had decided to let Hayden use the parking space for the entire year; additional parking spaces cost $ 30 per month. The wireless Internet and cable package was an extra $ 40 per roommate. Hayden's roommates had agreed to the summer subletting of Hayden's bedroom but only to a U.Va. student. The Trials of Subletting . . .
Pseudospin and spin–spin interactions in ultracold alkali atoms

Ultra-cold alkali atoms trapped in two distinct hyperfine states in an external magnetic field can mimic magnetic systems of spin-1/2 particles. We describe the spin-dependent effective interaction as a spin–spin interaction. As a consequence of the zero range, the interaction of spin-1/2 bosons can be described as an Ising or, alternatively, as an XY-coupling. We calculated the spin–spin interaction parameters as a function of the external magnetic field in the degenerate internal state (DIS) approximation. We illustrate the advantage of the spin–spin interaction form by mapping the system of N spin-1/2 bosons confined by a tight trapping potential on that of N spin-1/2 spins coupled via an infinite range interaction.
Cell type specific control of basolateral amygdala plasticity via entorhinal cortex-driven feedforward inhibition

Graphical Abstract and Summary The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a vital role in associating sensory stimuli with salient valence information. Excitatory principal neurons (PNs) undergo plastic changes to encode this association; however, local BLA inhibitory interneurons (INs) gate PN plasticity via feedforward inhibition (FFI). Despite literature implicating parvalbumin expressing (PV+) INs in FFI in cortex and hippocampus, prior anatomical experiments in BLA implicate somatostatin expressing (Sst+) INs. The lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC), a brain region carrying olfactory information, projects to BLA where it drives FFI. In the present study, we asked whether LEC input mediates plasticity in BLA and explored the role of interneurons in this circuit. We combined patch clamp electrophysiology, chemogenetics, unsupervised cluster analysis, and predictive modeling and found that a previously unreported subpopulation of fast-spiking Sst+ INs mediate LEC→BLA FFI and gate plasticity. Our study raises the question whether this circuit is involved in plasticity in olfactory learning.
Maintaining Firm Control: Recent Developments in Nonprofit Law and Regulation in Vietnam

This commentary outlines the key developments in nonprofit regulation in Vietnam over the past several years, particularly since a major debate on a Law on Associations ended in 2006 with a decision by Party and government officials to block adoption of the Law while continuing strict control and management of the emerging Vietnamese nonprofit community.
Myeloid sarcoma: experience from a hematology care centre of Eastern India

Objectives: To describe the case series of patients with myeloid sarcoma with their clinicopathological characteristics, cytogenetics, molecular markers, prognosis, and outcome. Material and Methods: Retrospective retrieval of data of myeloid sarcoma cases in acute myeloid leukemia was done from the electronic health records of our hospital and this case series includes the data of three years starting from January 2018 and the follow-up information was assimilated until December 2020. Results: We present twelve patients in this case series with myeloid sarcoma and all these patients had bone marrow involvement at presentation. Most of the cases were less than 20 years of age and orbit (66.7%) was the commonest site of presentation in this series. Aberrant CD 19 expression on immunophenotyping was a common associate (66.9%) and t(8;21) was the commonest cytogenetic abnormality reported in our case series. Despite of high dose intensive therapy with daunorubicin and cytarabine followed by high-dose cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, patients had a median relapse-free survival and median overall survival of 160 days and 299.5 days respectively. Local radiotherapy for consolidation in two of our patients had no additional benefit. Conclusion: Myeloid sarcoma is extramedullary collection of myeloid blasts with or without bone marrow involvement. They were commonly seen in young patients and t(8;21) being a common cytogenetic abnormality associated with it. The treatment outcome of patients with myeloid sarcoma seems dismal and systemic therapy remains the modality of choice.
The impact of race on high-risk types of uterine cancer is modified in non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women with multiple malignancies

Objectives: To investigate racial differences in uterine cancer histology in non-Hispanic Back (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women with one or more cancer diagnoses as an extension of prior studies that excluded cases with multiple malignancies. Download : Download high-res image (552KB) Download : Download full-size image Methods: Women in the 18-region Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry with an invasive uterine cancer diagnosed between 1975 and 2015 as a first or second of multiple malignancies relative a single malignancy were evaluated. Median age at diagnosis was compared using Wilcoxon test. Proportions between histologic and racial groups were compared using Chi-square test. Age-adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each high-risk uterine cancer histology were calculated for NHBs vs NHWs. Results: There were 237,823 with an invasive uterine cancer including 177,869 as a single diagnosis, 29,594 as a first of multiple malignancies and 30,380 as a second of multiple malignancies. The distribution of NHBs by the setting of the uterine cancer diagnosis was 10.1% as a single malignancy, 6.7% as a first of multiple malignancies and 8.5% as second of multiple malignancies. The median age for the uterine cancer diagnosis in NHBs vs NHWs was 3 vs 5 years younger when identified as a single or first malignancy compared with as a second malignancy, respectively (Table 1). The proportion of both NHBs and NHWs with grade 3 endometrioid cancer, serous cancer and carcinosarcoma was consistently higher in both NHBs and NHWs when diagnosed as a second malignancy compared with a single or first malignancy (P Conclusions: Racial differences in uterine serous cancer, clear cell cancer, carcinosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma but not in grade 3 endometrioid cancer were smaller in women with a prior cancer diagnosis and may reflect the impact of factors including ancestral admixture, germline vs. somatic alterations, genetic modifiers, epigenetic regulators, exposure to prior cancer treatment, cancer screening and social health determinants.
The Nature of Musical Sound

Publisher Summary This chapter is as an introduction to the understanding of the nature of musical sound. In addressing the nature of musical sound, one must stray somewhat beyond the traditional sounds of music. But, one should also address traditional aspects of musical sound, including rhythm, pitch, and timbre. An understanding of such matters involves understanding of the physical properties of musical sounds and of the instruments that produce them. It involves vibrations of solid bodies and waves reaching ears through the air. Understanding also focuses the capabilities of human hearing, ability in listening to sounds to make judgments, say, of pitch or loudness that is consistent with physical differences in sound waves. But, differences that the ear can't detect don't matter musically. What really matters musically is the percept, the musical quality of a sound. In addressing the percept, one should describe the sound wave in some sort of analytical term and try to relate this description to musical perception.
Emotion and Everyday Problem Solving in Adult Development

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses that emotions represents an important influence on cognition in the laboratory and in everyday life. The chapter addresses the question of whether emotion can be separated from cognition, either theoretically or empirically. The chapter describes the role of emotion in the everyday reasoning of adults across the latter half of the life span. It also examines alternative conceptualizations of intelligence that take into account specific competencies associated with everyday problem solving that are not represented in traditional tests of intellectual ability. Research on practical intelligence underscores the importance of explicitly emphasizing the study of cognition in actual everyday and social situations and a concern with psychosocial and affective components of reasoning. Social cognitive research that examines emotions in aging persons determines the extent to which the dynamic interaction between emotion and cognition either provides alternative models for understanding psychological reality or represents new belief systems that could influence adults' perceptions and behaviors.
Thermionic emission model for interface effects on the open-circuit voltage of amorphous silicon based solar cells

We present computer modeling for effects of the p/i interface upon the open-circuit voltage V/sub oc/ in amorphous silicon based pin solar cells. We show that the modeling is consistent with measurements on the intensity-dependence for the interface effect, and we present an interpretation for the modeling based on thermionic emission of electrons over the electrostatic barrier at the p/i interface. We present additional modeling of the relation of V/sub oc/ with the intrinsic layer bandgap E/sub G/. The experimental correlation for optimized cells is V/sub oc/ = (E/sub G//e)-0.79. The correlation is simply explained if V/sub oc/ in these calls is determined by the intrinsic layer, and in particular by the (variable) bandgap and by a non-varying valence bandtail width (about 48 meV) of this layer.
Pharmacologic Therapies for the Management of Crohn's Disease: Comparative Effectiveness

Objectives The purpose of this review was to compare the efficacy and safety of biologics, immunomodulators, corticosteroids, and aminosalicylates in the treatment of Crohn's disease. Data sources We searched MEDLINE® (1966 through June 2011), Embase® (1974 through June 2011), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Issue 2, 2011). Review methods Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts, and articles, and included English-language articles that reported on induction or maintenance of remission in placebo-controlled or head-to-head randomized controlled trials. We also included observational studies with a comparison group if they reported on the safety of treatment. Two reviewers extracted study information using standardized forms and independently assessed study quality. Efficacy was measured by induction and maintenance of remission. Remission was defined using the Crohn's Disease Activity Index, mucosal healing, the absence of Crohn's disease hospitalizations or surgeries, reduction of steroids, fistula healing, and patient-reported outcomes. A difference of 10 percentage points in the outcome between treatment groups was considered clinically meaningful. The safety outcomes of interest were mortality, occurrence of lymphomas and other cancers, infections, infusion- and injection-site reactions, and bone fractures for adults and children. Growth was an additional safety concern for children. Results We included 136 studies involving 148,733 patients. Twenty-three percent of trials directly compared different treatment strategies. The majority of trials excluded patients with mild disease and those with a history of surgical resection. The majority of trials allowed patients to take other Crohn's disease treatments during the trial. For adults, infliximab and 6-methyl-prednisolone were consistently favored over placebo across the induction and maintenance outcomes. Natalizumab and azathioprine were favored over placebo across the maintenance outcomes. Other comparisons either did not have more than one outcome reported or had inconsistent results. The quality of the safety evidence was poor due to poor reporting of the methods in trials and poor confounding control in observational studies, and no strong signals of harm were identified. For children, the strength of evidence was low or insufficient to support the efficacy of any medication to induce or maintain remission. No pediatric study reported on serious adverse events such as mortality, lymphoma, or other cancers. Conclusions Measuring the efficacy of medications using multiple outcomes, infliximab and 6-methyl-prednisolone induce and maintain remission in adults with Crohn's disease. Natalizumab and azathioprine maintain remission. Comparing Crohn's disease medications directly using pragmatic clinical trials will help to understand the effectiveness of medications in clinical practice using outcomes other than the Crohn's Disease Activity Index.
The Search for the Minor Composer

Abstract Felicien David (1810-1876) was a well-known (though now obscure) mid- 19th century French composer. Though famous in his own time and highly praised by Berlioz, he is best remembered today as the “official” composer of the St. Simonian movement, and as one of the founders of Western “oriental” music. Though the movement soon evaporated after David joined it in the early 1830s, David discovered his musical voice during a journey to the near east after the disbanding of the Saint-Simonians in Paris. His most famous work, Le Desert, reflects Saint-Simonian philosophy and the orientalism then becoming popular in Europe. For David and the St. Simonians, music had a vital role to play in the making of modern “organic” society.