cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hybrid graphene metasurfaces for high-speed mid-infrared light modulation and single-pixel imaging

During the past decades, major advances have been made in both the generation and detection of infrared light; however, its efficient wavefront manipulation and information processing still encounter great challenges. Efficient and fast optoelectronic modulators and spatial light modulators are required for mid-infrared imaging, sensing, security screening, communication and navigation, to name a few. However, their development remains elusive, and prevailing methods reported so far have suffered from drawbacks that significantly limit their practical applications. In this study, by leveraging graphene and metasurfaces, we demonstrate a high-performance free-space mid-infrared modulator operating at gigahertz speeds, low gate voltage and room temperature. We further pixelate the hybrid graphene metasurface to form a prototype spatial light modulator for high frame rate single-pixel imaging, suggesting orders of magnitude improvement over conventional liquid crystal or micromirror-based spatial light modulators. This work opens up the possibility of exploring wavefront engineering for infrared technologies for which fast temporal and spatial modulations are indispensable.
Non-Price Sales Promotion Impact and Moderator Role

Despite the importance of non-price sales promotions in new-product introductions, little is known about the impact of their characteristics in different time periods and the role of moderating var...
A Deep Sub-micron Class D Amplifier

This chapter presents a digital Class D amplifier targeted at deep sub-micron process nodes, where digital processing is cheap and analog is expensive in terms of area and power. The architecture uses open-loop and closed-loop configurations and combines the concepts of both to provide high performance over the full signal range. At low-signal levels, low noise and power is achieved with open-loop digital operation. At larger signal levels, a closed-loop digital Class D mode is used to deliver low THD and high PSRR with minimal analog circuitry.
The CC chemokine MIP-1alpha induces a selective monocyte infiltration following intradermal injection into nonhuman primates.

The in vitro chemotactic activity of chemokines have been well documented. However, study of their in vivo effects where components of rolling, adherence and diapedesis are pre-requisites to leukocyte infiltration have not been examined in higher species. In this study, we examined the biological activity of the CC chemokine, MIP-1α, in rhesus monkeys. Following an intradermal injection, a significant cellular infiltrate and an increase in the number of inflamed vessels were observed. This response peaked at 24 h and was sustained for up to 48 hours after injection. Phenotypically, the specific infiltrate consisted exclusively of CD68+ monocytes with no increase in other cell types over the saline injected controls. These studies represent the first examination of the in vivo effects of MIP-1α in higher species and indicate that MIP-1α is a selective monocyte recruiting agent in vivo.
Electromyographic Studies of Arm Movements

Abstract By means of electromyography the contractions of the following biarticular muscles were studied: the long head of the biceps brachii, the short head of the biceps brachii, the long head of the triceps brachii, and the pronator teres. Electromyograms were recorded from four subjects by a model III-D Grass electroencephalograph. Surface electrodes were used for all electromyograms that were recorded for this study.
Low rates of eye care utilization among visually impaired subsidized senior housing residents.

AbstractObjective: To examine the rate of self-reported vision impairment, eye disease, and eye care utilization among residents of subsidized senior housing (SSH) communities.Methods: In this cros...
Identifying Factors Associated with Patterns of Student Attendance and Participation in a Group Tier 2 Preventive Intervention: Implications for Adaptation

AbstractThe extent to which youth attend Tier 2 evidence-based intervention is an important dimension of implementation. This study examined attendance patterns of 369 middle schoolers involved in ...
Feasibility of Nurse-Led Multidimensional Outcome Assessments in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit.

Background The outcome focus for survivors of critical care has shifted from mortality to patient-centered outcomes. Multidimensional outcome assessments performed in critically ill patients typically exclude those with primary neurological injuries. Objective To determine the feasibility of measurements of physical function, cognition, and quality of life in patients requiring neurocritical care. Methods This evaluation of a quality improvement initiative involved all patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Interventions Telephone assessments of physical function (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended and modified Rankin Scale scores), cognition (modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status), and quality of life (5-level EQ-5D) were conducted between 3 and 6 months after admission. Results During the 2-week pilot phase, the authors contacted and completed data entry for all patients admitted to the neuroscience intensive care unit over a 2-week period in approximately 11 hours. During the 18-month implementation phase, the authors followed 1324 patients at a mean (SD) time of 4.4 (0.8) months after admission. Mortality at follow-up was 38.9%; 74.8% of these patients underwent withdrawal of care. The overall loss to follow-up rate was 23.6%. Among all patients contacted, 94% were available by the second attempt to interview them by telephone. Conclusions Obtaining multidimensional outcome assessments by telephone across a diverse population of neurocritically ill patients was feasible and efficient. The sample was similar to those in other cohort studies in the neurocritical care population, and the loss to follow-up rate was comparable with that of the general critical care population.
The Depression Prevention Initiative: Trauma as a Moderator of Prevention Outcomes:

Interpersonal Psychotherapy-Adolescent Skills Training (IPT-AST) is an evidence-based indicated depression prevention program that has been shown to reduce depression symptoms. Research is needed t...
Circadian Clocks: Mosquitoes Master the Dark Side of the Room.

Summary Aedes aegypti and Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes exhibit diurnal and nocturnal behaviors, respectively. Baik et al. reveal the clock network architecture underlying each species’ light preferences.
A simple method for sizing modular green–blue roof systems for design storm peak discharge reduction

Typical green roof systems are used to improve downstream water quality and reduce long-term total runoff. However, they perform poorly at peak discharge reduction during large design storm events. This performance can be significantly improved by the addition of storage a layer (blue roof) underneath a green roof system. This paper presents a simple design methodology for designing modular green–blue roof systems to reduce this peak discharge. In particular, the methodology can be used for the preliminary design of the blue roof module’s outflow control sizing. It is then shown how the resulting design can be incorporated into a standard hydrologic modeling system for a more detailed analysis. Results of an example design show that the addition of just 3.8 cm (1.5 in) of storage can result in a 38.6% reduction in peak discharge for a rainfall depth of 17.2 cm (6.78 in) compared to a green roof without underlying storage. Increasing the storage depth to 7.6 cm (3 in) for the same storm resulted in a 78.2% reduction of peak discharge.
Integration of Postharvest Fungicides and Fruit Sanitation Treatments to Optimize Decay Control and Address Food Safety Concerns

Postharvest fungicide applications with aqueous recycling drenches are one on the most effective strategies to prevent fruit decay. Lower rates are used, and fungicide residues in fruit are generally lower than when using other application strategies. With the establishment of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) in the United States, sanitation of recycling fungicide drenches is mandatory due to the potential contamination with food-borne human bacterial pathogens. Thiabendazole, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, and difenoconazole are compatible with the sanitizer sodium hypochlorite; whereas imazalil, pyrimethanil, and natamycin are not. All of these fungicides except natamycin are compatible with peroxyacetic acid. The use of recycling fungicide drench treatments is jeopardized due to this incompatibility of sanitizers with fungicides and additionally, because of volatile odors of sanitizers that may affect packinghouse workers. Acidification (pH 3.5) with natural organic acids (e.g., citric acid) and food-grade surfactants is compatible with postharvest fungicides evaluated, non-odoriferous, non-phytotoxic, and highly toxic to human bacterial pathogens. Sanitation of recycling fungicide drenches by acidification meets FSMA requirements and allows highly effective decay control but low pH and concentration need to be maintained continuously to be effective.
Integrating Uncertified Information from the Electronic Flight Bag into the Aircraft Panel: Impacts on Pilot Response

Many pilots utilize portable electronic flight bags (EFB) as supplemental sources of information on the flight deck. Because EFB applications often obtain data from different sources than the certi...
Transferable Contextual Bandits with Prior Observations

Cross-domain recommendations have long been studied in traditional recommender systems, especially to solve the cold-start problem. Although recent approaches to dynamic personalized recommendation have leveraged the power of contextual bandits to benefit from the exploitation-exploration paradigm, very few works have been conducted on cross-domain recommendation in this setting. We propose a novel approach to solve the cold-start problem under the contextual bandit setting through the cross-domain approach. Our developed algorithm, T-LinUCB, takes advantage of prior recommendation observations from multiple domains to initialize the new arms’ parameters so as to circumvent the lack of data arising from the cold-start problem. Our bandits therefore possess knowledge upon starting which yields better recommendation and faster convergence. We provide both a regret analysis and an experimental evaluation. Our approach outperforms the baseline, LinUCB, and experiment results demonstrate the benefits of our model.
Positive Effects of Religion and Social Ties on the Health of Former NFL Athletes.

This study explores the relationship between religious service attendance, social ties, and health among former NFL players, a population with relatively high levels of religious attendance who endure physically demanding occupations. Research shows that frequent religious service attenders tend to have better health, partly because of social connections formed through religious involvement. We analyzed a sample of 1029 former NFL players. Consistent with previous research, bivariate and multivariate OLS regression models show that frequent religious attenders have statistically significantly better self-rated health. However, this relationship is moderated by social ties. Respondents who scored lower on the social ties index exhibited a stronger significant relationship between frequent religious attendance and health; those scoring higher on the social ties index exhibited no relationship between frequent attendance and health. Future research should examine how benefits of religious attendance vary depending upon strength of social relationships.
Creating effective online narrated presentations

In the move from an on campus teaching environment to an online learning environment, many instructors simply redeploy their classroom PowerPoint presentations. Though very useful in face-to-face settings, online students often find that these simple PowerPoint slides are ineffective learning tools. Either the presentations contain insufficient information or they are too difficult to access using a 28.8 modem.When planning to create effective online presentations using PowerPoint, instructors now have a powerful tool to assist them in their efforts. RealPresenter, by Real Networks, allows an instructor to enhance his or her PowerPoint presentations by being able to add audio to the slide shows. By incorporating voice-over narration into their online presentations, instructors may nowadd an audio component to complement their slides' visuals and the text. When completed, the file format of such presentations may then be compressed for delivery across an online setting.The purpose of this presentation is to provide an explanation of how to plan, develop and execute an effective online, narrated presentation using PowerPoint. The following major steps involved in planning such a slide presentation will be covered: 1. Selecting focused, learner-centered content suitable for the desired format; 2. Designing the layout of the specific slides to be incorporated into the presentation (font types and sizes, color scheme, graphics, clip art, etc.); 3. Incorporating voice-over narration; and 4. Compressing and delivering the final presentation product.Participants in this presentation will be provided with a wide variety of examples of effective online, narrated presentations; instructions on how to add voice-over narration to PowerPoint presentations and how to compress the file format for Web delivery; and insight as to how to incorporate these presentation into the learing process to complement other teaching techniques. In addition, a PowerPoint-based video and audio system called Tegrity will also be demonstrated.
The hemoglobin of Arenicola cristata.

Abstract The chemical and physical properties of the hemoglobin of the polychaete annelid Arenicola cristata have been studied. Gel filtration and ultracentrifugation indicate that it has a molecular weight of 2.85 x 106 and is composed of 12 subunits of molecular weight 230,000. The iron content corresponds to the presence of 1 mole of heme per 26,000 g of protein. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate indicates that there are two polypeptide chains with masses of 13,000 and 14,000 daltons. These data suggest that two chains are involved in binding one heme and that there are approximately 96 hemes per molecule. Amino acid analyses of the molecule and its individual chains have been performed revealing the presence of three disulfide groups and one free sulfhydryl group per heme unit. Oxygenation studies show that the molecule is highly cooperative with a Hill coefficient close to six, but it has a small Bohr effect.
Veggie Tales: Pernicious Myths About Patents, Innovation, and Crop Diversity in the Twentieth Century

The conventional wisdom, as illustrated for millions of readers in the July 2011 issue of National Geographic, holds that the twentieth century was a disaster for crop diversity. In the popular press, this position is so entrenched that it no longer needs a citation. We conduct a study of all vegetable and apple varieties commercially available in 1903 and compare them with all varieties commercially available in 1981 and 2004. We question the conventional wisdom and cast serious doubt on the 1983 study that previous commentators have taken as gospel. We also enter the debate between economists and social scientists on the role that patent law might play in destroying or enhancing crop diversity. Both sides may be wrong. Our data suggest that patent law has not reduced crop diversity, nor has it likely significantly contributed to the introduction of new vegetable varieties. The diversity loss thesis espoused by ethnobotanists is as suspect as the incentive-to-invent story told by patent economists, at least as regards the most common vegetable crops. Finally, we provide one of the first analyses of innovation in any comprehensive technology market by identifying the source of all products in the market and current commercialization rates for all patented innovations. This paper goes significantly beyond our prior three related postings of preliminary data.
Chemical studies on malformin—IV. : Conformational studies of malformin A

Abstract The conformation of malformin A and thiolmalformin A is altered in various solvents. When thiolmalformin A was heated in neutral or weak alkaline buffer solutions biological activity was lost. Activity was restored by heating the aqueous solution at a lower pH or by extraction with butanol. A higher pH was necessary to induce conformational changes in malformin A. After heating in alkaline solution a conformational isomer of malformin A formed an insoluble precipitate. Both malformin A and its conformational isomer assumed another conformation in trifluoroacetic acid.
CP-Miner: a tool for finding copy-paste and related bugs in operating system code

Copy-pasted code is very common in large software because programmers prefer reusing code via copy-paste in order to reduce programming effort. Recent studies show that copy-paste is prone to introducing bugs and a significant portion of operating system bugs concentrate in copy-pasted code. Unfortunately, it is challenging to efficiently identify copy-pasted code in large software. Existing copy-paste detection tools are either not scalable to large software, or cannot handle small modifications in copy-pasted code. Furthermore, few tools are available to detect copy-paste related bugs. In this paper we propose a tool, CP-Miner, that uses data mining techniques to efficiently identify copy-pasted code in large software including operating systems, and detects copy-paste related bugs. Specifically, it takes less than 20 minutes for CP-Miner to identify 190,000 copy-pasted segments in Linux and 150,000 in FreeBSD. Moreover, CP-Miner has detected 28 copy-paste related bugs in the latest version of Linux and 23 in FreeBSD. In addition, we analyze some interesting characteristics of copy-paste in Linux and FreeBSD, including the distribution of copy-pasted code across different length, granularity, modules, degrees of modification, and various software versions.
The Chinese Economy in the Asian Financial Crisis: The Stability of RMB

The Chinese economy has been reasonably stable during the Asian financial crisis. However, there is a widespread speculation about the prospect of the stability of RMB, the Chinese currency. While the Chinese government has repeatedly promised the stability of RMB, many oversea economists have downgraded the future RMB. Unlike speculations by many in the academic and business circles outside China, this paper argues that the Chinese government is able to and will defend RMB in the near future. The cost for China to defend RMB is not formidably high for the time being. However, as China implements an expansionary macroeconomic policy, hence the macroeconomic environment changes, it will be economically unacceptable to peg the RMB to the U.S. dollar. The uncertainty of the Hong Kong dollar and the economy of Hong Kong is another concern for the RMB stability. In the long run, the exchange rate of RMB will have to be adjusted.
A complex clathrate hydrate structure showing bimodal guest hydration

Interactions between hydrophobic groups in water1, as well as biomolecular hydration more generally2,3,4, are intimately connected to the structure of liquid water around hydrophobic solutes. Such considerations have focused interest on clathrate hydrates: crystals in which a hydrogen-bonded network of watermolecules encages hydrophobic guest molecules with which the water interacts only by non-directional van der Waals forces. Three structural families of clathrate hydrates have hitherto been recognized: cubic structure I (2MS·6ML·46H2O) (ref. 5), cubic structure II (16MS·8ML·136H2O) (ref. 5) and hexagonal structure H (ML·3MS·2MS·34H2O) (refs 6, 7) hydrates (here ML and MS are the hydrophobic guest sites associated with large and small cavities, respectively). Here we report a new hydrate structure: 1.67 choline hydroxide·tetra- n-propylammonium fluoride·30.33H2O. This structure has a number of unusual features; in particular the choline guest exhibits both hydrophobic and hydrophilic modes of hydration. Formally the structure consists of alternating stacks of structure H and structure II hydrates, and might conceivably be found in those settings (such as seafloor deposits over natural-gas fields) in which clathrate hydrates form naturally.
Superdeformed band in 154Dy.

A superdeformed band has been found in the [sup 154]Dy ([ital N]=88) nucleus. The dynamic moment of inertia is identical to that of the yrast superdeformed band of [sup 152]Dy and the transition energies are similar to those of an excited superdeformed band in [sup 153]Dy. It is proposed that the two valence neutrons above the [ital N]=86 shell gap occupy the deformation-driving [514]9/2 orbital.
Implementation of C Procedures

Before understanding the implementation of C procedures it is necessary to understand how C allocates and accesses global and local variables. Global variables, which are declared outside a procedure, can be allocated by the compiler by the equivalent of assembly language ORG statement and define space (DS) statements. Local variables that are declared within, and are generally at the beginning of a procedure are allocated at run time by the means of a LEAS statement. A C program can have global variables, and global constants. Global constants are initialized by writing them into RAM when the program is downloaded or in ROM in a standalone microcontroller. A C procedure is generally called using a JSR or BSR instruction, with the input arguments pushed on the stack. The return value of a function is generally left in accumulator D. If the input argument is a vector, or an “&” sign appears before the name, then the address is passed on the stack, using call by name; otherwise the data themselves are pushed on the stack, using call by value. C++ generally has similar operators and implements them in assembly language in similar ways.
Labor Relations and Industrial Adjustment in Japan and the United States: A Comparative Analysis

There is a specter haunting America the specter of industrial decline. Among the most controversial of the proposed responses to this problem is the development and implementation of a national industrial policy.1 Unfortunately, the current industrial policy debate is misdirected. Frequently, for example, discussion focuses on the need for a national industrial policy to counteract an imagined conspiracy of Japanese competition.2 The decline of American industrial fortunes, however, is internally generated a direct result of the misguided and shortsighted policies of politicians and corporate executives. This article attempts to provide a conceptual framework for the creation of an effective American industrial policy. Sections I and II outline the nature and scope of the difficulties facing American industry. The discussion then proceeds to consider the major actors in industrial rela-
Locally Convex Spaces

Once again, a topological vector space will be called a locally convex space if it is locally convex, that is, if each point has a neighborhood base consisting of convex sets. The Hausdorff condition will also need to be imposed to make use of this (in fact, Schaefer [33] imposes that condition on locally convex spaces without imposing it on topological vector spaces), but there is some value in allowing intermediate considerations of locally convex spaces that are not Hausdorff.
High-Temperature Measurements of the Reactions of OH with a Series of Ketones: Acetone, 2-Butanone, 3-Pentanone, and 2-Pentanone

The overall rate constants for the reactions of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with a series of ketones, namely, acetone (CH(3)COCH(3)), 2-butanone (C(2)H(5)COCH(3)), 3-pentanone (C(2)H(5)COC(2)H(5)), and 2-pentanone (C(3)H(7)COCH(3)), were studied behind reflected shock waves over the temperature range of 870-1360 K at pressures of 1-2 atm. OH radicals were produced by rapid thermal decomposition of the OH precursor tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and were monitored by the narrow line width ring dye laser absorption of the well-characterized R(1)(5) line in the OH A-X (0, 0) band near 306.69 nm. The overall rate constants were inferred by comparing the measured OH time histories with the simulated profiles from the detailed mechanisms of Pichon et al. (2009) and Serinyel et al. (2010). These measured values can be expressed in Arrhenius form as k(CH3COCH3+OH) = 3.30 × 10(13) exp(-2437/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), k(C2H5COCH3+OH )= 6.35 × 10(13) exp(-2270/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), k(C2H5COC2H5+OH) = 9.29 × 10(13) exp(-2361/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1), and k(C3H7COCH3+OH) = 7.06 × 10(13) exp(-2020/T) cm(3) mol(-1) s(-1). The measured rate constant for the acetone + OH reaction from the current study is consistent with three previous experimental studies from Bott and Cohen (1991), Vasudevan et al. (2005), and Srinivasan et al. (2007), within ±20%. Here, we also present the first direct high-temperature rate constant measurements of 2-butanone + OH, 3-pentanone + OH, and 2-pentanone + OH reactions. The measured values for the 2-butanone + OH reaction are in close accord with the theoretical calculation from Zhou et al. (2011), and the measured values for the 3-pentanone + OH reaction are in excellent agreement with the estimates (by analogy with the H-atom abstraction rate constants from alkanes) from Serinyel et al. Finally, the structure-activity relationship from Kwok and Atkinson (1995) was used to estimate these four rate constants, and the estimated values from this group-additivity model show good agreement with the measurements (within ~25%) at the present experimental conditions.
Infant pertussis prevention information on Web sites of Michigan birthing hospitals

Vaccinating pregnant women and household contacts of infants is recommended for pertussis prevention. In structured abstraction of Web sites of Michigan birthing hospitals, we found only 36% contained any pertussis prevention information, and it usually required a specific search for pertussis. Hospitals should emphasize pertussis prevention as part of general information for expectant parents.
Spanking and children's externalizing behavior across the first decade of life: evidence for transactional processes.

Despite a growing literature associating physical discipline with later child aggression, spanking remains a typical experience for American children. The directionality of the associations between aggression and spanking and their continuity over time has received less attention. This study examined the transactional associations between spanking and externalizing behavior across the first decade of life, examining not only how spanking relates to externalizing behavior leading up to the important transition to adolescence, but whether higher levels of externalizing lead to more spanking over time as well. We use data from the Fragile families and child well-being (FFCW) study to examine maternal spanking and children’s behavior at ages 1, 3, 5, and 9 (N = 1,874; 48 % girls). The FFCW is a longitudinal birth cohort study of children born between 1998 and 2000 in 20 medium to large US cities. A little over a quarter of this sample was spanked at age 1, and about half at age 3, 5, and 9. Estimates from a cross-lagged path model provided evidence of developmental continuity in both spanking and externalizing behavior, but results also highlighted important reciprocal processes taking hold early, with spanking influencing later externalizing behavior, which, in turn, predicted subsequent spanking. These bidirectional effects held across race/ethnicity and child’s gender. The findings highlight the lasting effects of early spanking, both in influencing early child’s behavior, and in affecting subsequent child’s externalizing and parental spanking in a reciprocal manner. These amplifying transactional processes underscore the importance of early intervention before patterns may cascade across domains in the transition to adolescence.
Measurement and simulation of deformation and stresses in steel casting

Experiments are conducted to measure displacements and forces during casting of a steel bar in a sand mold. In some experiments the bar is allowed to contract freely, while in others the bar is manually strained using embedded rods connected to a frame. Solidification and cooling of the experimental castings are simulated using a commercial code, and good agreement between measured and predicted temperatures is obtained. The deformations and stresses in the experiments are simulated using an elasto-viscoplastic finite-element model. The high temperature mechanical properties are estimated from data available in the literature. The mush is modeled using porous metal plasticity theory, where the coherency and coalescence solid fraction are taken into account. Good agreement is obtained between measured and predicted displacements and forces. The results shed considerable light on the modeling of stresses in steel casting and help in developing more accurate models for predicting hot tears and casting distortions.
Cell surface mucin-type glycoproteins and mucin-like domains

Cell surface mucins and mucin-like domains comprise a diverse and heterogeneous group of cell surface glycoproteins. The heterogeneity results from both genetic variations in the polypeptides and carbohydrate differences. Mucins form extended rods from the cell surface. The mucin domains apparently serve a protective function, protecting the glycoproteins from cell surface proteolysis and protecting the cells from attack by other cells. Biosynthesis of mucin oligosaccharides is initiated near the transit of the proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and proceeds rapidly during passage to the cell surface. In some carcinomas a second O-glycosylation pathway adds new oligosaccharides to the glycoproteins after they have reached the cell surface, presumably during recycling.
Computational methods for generalized inverse matrices arising from proper splittings

Abstract A proper splitting of a rectangular matrix A is one of the form A = M − N , where A and M have the same range and null spaces. This concept was introduced by R. Plemmons as a means of generalizing to rectangular and singular matrices the concept of a regular splitting of a nonsingular matrix as introduced by R. Varga. In consideration of the linear system Ax = b , A. Berman and R. Plemmons used a proper splitting of A into M − N and showed that the iteration x ( i +1) = M + Nx ( i ) + M + b converges to A + b , the best least-squares solution to the system, if and only if the spectral radius of M + N is less than one. The purpose of this paper is to further develop the characteristics of proper splittings and to extend these previous results by replacing the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse with a least-squares g -inverse, a minimum-norm g -inverse, or a g -inverse. Also, some criteria are given for comparing convergence rates of M i − N i , where A = M 1 − N 1 = M 2 − N 2 , and a method is developed for constructing proper splittings of special types of matrices.
Half-of-the-sites reactivity of yeast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Abstract Yeast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is shown to exhibit a half-of-the-sites reactivity with both alkylating and acylating reagents. The shape of the inactivation profiles indicates that disubstituted enzyme is inactive and that monosubstituted enzyme has approximately 10% of the activity of native enzyme.
Effect of methylprednisolone on the production of neutrophil migration inhibition factor by T lymphocytes (NIF-T)

Abstract Glucocorticoids may suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting lymphocyte mediator production or reducing the responsivenes of target cells to these mediators. Our laboratory recently described a newly recognized T-lymphocyte mediator, neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T-lymphocytes (NIF-T). In this report we assessed the effect of glucocorticoids on NIF-T activity. Methylprednisolone (MP) at concentrations as low as 10−7M inhibited NIF-T activity from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in response to staphylococcal protein A (SPA) and concanavalin A (Con A). However, MP at concentrations as high as 10−4 M did not alter the responsiveness of neutrophils to NIF-T. Therefore, the effect of MP on NIF-T activity was due to inhibition of mediator production. The effect of MP on NIF-T production was reversible in 24 hours. This finding is consistent with the clinical observation that alternate day therapy does not suppress cell-mediated immunity. Serum taken from a patient as early as one hour after oral administration of 100 mg of prednisone inhibited NIF-T production in vitro; serum obtained at 48 hr after prednisone had no measurable effect on NIF-T activity. In addition, MP inhibited NIF-T production by previously activated lymphocytes.
Eigenstate calculation of arbitrary quantum structures

A simple, fast and very accurate numerical technique is presented to calculate the eigenstates of arbitrary quantum structures (both quantum wells and barriers). The method is based on a finite difference scheme which allows the use of sparse matrix algebra, thus, significantly reducing computational time and allowing for high precision results even for the high energy levels. More importantly, in cases where other methods fail or need to be significantly modified our method preforms very well.
Respecting the Struggle: Deciding What to Research and Why

In the spirit of making connections, I begin by referring to the keynote talks by ErikaMcWilliams and Bill Green. They both link to what I am addressing here – thecircumstances of education research knowledge at this time in history. Both authorstake up the issue of knowledge-building through research in education and how toregard it productively and hopefully as we move forward.McWilliam challenges us to rethink the linear-cumulative educational process modeland to take up the analogy of the knight’s move. She encourages us to think abouthow education researchers can build knowledge within tessellated partnerships asmethodological alliances from outside as well as inside education. Bill Green spellsout how building educational knowledge can be thought of as an impossible, neverfinished enterprise. Yet, rather than regard this condition as a negative, he construesit as the place for action. His focused meditation on “practice” encourages us toembrace the communicative gap between teachers and students as a site of action,learning, and possibility.I mean to add a third dimension to their treatises on education knowledge by focusingon its production and dissemination as constructive acts by interested people. That isto say, I will spend some time looking at the work we do as researchers. I will lay outa framework to give us pause to consciously reflect on how we create knowledge andfor whom.Talking about my scholarship to Australians is more than a bit nerve wracking. It israther like bringing coals to Newcastle because Australian scholars have fueled myown development. Two scholars in particular were early defining influences: BronwynDavies and Annette Patterson. A study in the 1980s by Bronwyn Davies and KathyMunro (1987) showed me how I could see classroom activity from the point of viewof a student ethnically and culturally positioned as a minority and an outsider. Not onlythat, the study illustrated how to view as quite sensible from the child’s perspective
Pharmacy: Formularies and the Formulary

(1965). Pharmacy: Formularies and the Formulary. Hospital Topics: Vol. 43, No. 5, pp. 79-89.
Comparison of energy-minized crystal structures of 2,3-dilauroyl-d-glycerol, 3-palmitoyl-dl-glycerol-1-phosphorylethanolamine and 1,2-dilauroyl-dl-phosphatidylethanolamine: acetic acid

Computational procedures have been developed by which the total energy of a lipid multibilayer can be calculated and minimized. The energy is expressed as a sum of non-bonded, electrostatic, hydrogen bonded and torsional energy terms and includes intramolecular and intermolecular components. Calculations were carried out on three lipid crystals for which structural data are available from X-ray diffraction analysis. For each crystal, the energy was minimized as a function of all bond rotations, molecular rotations and translations and the lattice constants. The minimized structures differed by only small amounts from the experimental structures, which confirms the validity of the current set of energy functions and parameters for use with lipids. The intermolecular energy of each crystal is analyzed in terms of lateral interactions, interactions between the two monolayers of the same bilayer and interactions between bilayers. The intermolecular non-bonded energy per CH2 or CH3 group in the acyl chains is also given.
Virtuality Distributions and Pion Transition Form Factor

Using the example of hard exclusive transition process γ*γ → π0 at the handbag level, we outline basics of a new approach to transverse momentum dependence in hard processes. In coordinate representation, matrix elements of operators (in the simplest case, bilocal &#x1d4aa;(0, z)) describing a hadron with momentum p, are functions of (pz) and z2 parametrized through virtuality distribution amplitudes (VDA) Φ(x, σ), with x being Fourier-conjugate to (pz) and σ Laplace-conjugate to z2. For intervals with z+ = 0, we introduce the transverse momentum distribution amplitude (TMDA) Ψ(x, k⊥), and write it in terms of VDA Φ(x, σ). We propose models for soft VDAs/TMDAs, and use them for comparison of handbag results with experimental (BaBar and BELLE) data. We also discuss the generation of hard tails of TMDAs from initially soft forms.
Modeling the performance of a high-speed scan mirror for an airborne line scanner

The Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory at the Rochester Institute of Technology is developing a new airborne multispectral imaging scanner. One of the most critical components of the scanner system is the scan mirror assembly. The scan mirror must satisfy at least two basic requirements: (1) optical image quality: the image blur caused by deformation of the mirror surface should not exceed the detector size, and (2) mechanical stability: the scan mirror assembly must be dynamically balanced to prevent vibration due to centrifugal force. Due to the large size (6-in. diameter) and high rotation speed (4800 rpm), these two requirements are difficult to meet at the same time. We present a modeling approach for evaluation of mechanical design alternatives using image quality metrics. Several mirror design configurations were evaluated. Each configuration was modeled using a finite element analysis method. The deformation of the mirror surface as well as the centrifugal forces were calculated. The image quality was modeled using optical image formation theory. The modeling approach was validated experimentally. A 3-in. scan mirror was modeled using the same procedures, and the line spread function (LSF) of the scan mirror due to the deformation at high speed was calculated. The actual LSF at that speed was also measured using a CCD linear array camera. The test results obtained with a 3-in. mirror agree with the model within 20% in the width of the LSF. (Approximately 500% error is observed if no distortion is assumed.)
Aberrant signaling in the TNFα/TNF receptor 1 pathway of the NZM2410 lupus-prone mouse

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability to induce TNFα-dependent apoptosis in vivo in predisease lupus-prone NZM2410 and derived B6.NZM congenic mouse strains. An endotoxicosis model that utilizes LPS and d -galactosamine to induce mortality by TNFα/TNFR1-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis was used to assess TNFα production, apoptotic signaling, and effects on the production of IL-6 and IL-10. NZM2410 was found to be resistant to endotoxicosis and to produce significantly less TNFα-induced IL-6 and IL-10. At low doses of LPS, partial resistance was associated with the Tnfaw allele. At higher doses of LPS, partial resistance cosegregated with lupus-susceptibility loci and functionally mapped downstream of caspase 3. Additional partial resistance in NZM2410 was also found upstream of FADD. These results demonstrate the existence of multiple defects in the TNFα/TNFR1 signaling pathway in the NZM2410 mouse and their relevance to lupus pathogenesis is discussed.
Sequential dynamics for a family of master equations

Abstract A method related to, but distinct from, hierarchically constrained dynamics is presented and applied to the description of relaxation in complex systems. The three coupled experimental properties of systems exhibiting Kohlrausch relaxation are incorporated in the presented description by an appropriate choice of model.
Investigation of the three-dimensional boundary layer separation criteria by a minimum principle

Abstract Existing separation criteria for the steady state three-dimensional boundary layers are at best heuristic. In this paper, the contemporary singular separation criterion has been reconsidered in the light of a set of transformed boundary layer equations. First a rigorous proof for the existence of the singularities of the boundary layer equations is provided. Based on these results the theory of boundary layer separation is developed both when the prevalant singularity in the equation of the skin-friction lines is or is not removable. It is shown that if the differential equation of the skin-friction lines has a removable singularity then the locus of such singular points on the body surface can be determined solely on the basis of the external conditions.
Neo‐Liberalism as Creative Destruction

Neoliberalization has swept across the world like a vast tidal wave of institutional reform and discursive adjustment, entailing much destruction, not only of prior institutional frameworks and pow...
Obstructive lung disease among the urban homeless

Study objectives Homelessness is a growing problem in the United States that may significantly impair physical health. The homeless have a high prevalence of cigarette smoking, poor nutrition, and adverse environmental exposures, which could contribute to obstructive lung disease (OLD). Despite this risk, the prevalence of OLD among the homeless remains unknown. We aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of OLD among the urban homeless. Design, setting, and participants We conducted a cross-sectional study of the prevalence of OLD among homeless individuals in San Francisco. By random sampling, we recruited 68 adults living in one homeless shelter to participate in a structured interview survey and spirometry assessment. We used a multifaceted approach to assess OLD, including respiratory symptoms, self-reported physician diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or COPD, and spirometry (defined as FEV1 Results Sixty-eight adults completed the survey, and 67 adults completed the spirometry. Homeless adults were likely to be homeless Conclusions As OLD is a leading cause of death in the United States, it is important to identify it early for treatment. Homeless individuals have a higher-than-expected prevalence of OLD. Public health interventions should target the homeless population for prevention and treatment of OLD.
Management of Pain and Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Advanced Cancer

General internists often care for patients with advanced cancer. These patients have substantial morbidity caused by moderate to severe pain and by spinal cord compression. With appropriate multidisciplinary care, pain can be controlled in 90% of patients who have advanced malignant conditions, and 90% of ambulatory patients with spinal cord compression can remain ambulatory. Guidelines have been developed for assessing and managing patients with these problems, but implementing the guidelines can be problematic for physicians who infrequently need to use them. This paper traces the last year of life of Mr. Simmons, a hypothetical patient who is dying of refractory prostate cancer. Mr. Simmons and his family interact with professionals from various disciplines during this year. Advance care planning is completed and activated. Practical suggestions are offered for assessment and treatment of all aspects of his pain, including its physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. The methods of pain relief used or discussed include nonpharmacologic techniques, nonopioid analgesics, opioids, adjuvant medications, radiation therapy, and radiopharmaceutical agents. Overcoming resistance to taking opioids; initiating, titrating, and changing opioid routes and agents; and preventing or relieving the side effects they induce are also covered. Data on assessment and treatment of spinal cord compression are reviewed. Physicians can use the techniques described to more readily implement existing guidelines and provide comfort and optimize quality of life for patients with advanced cancer.
Neptune: A system of finite element programs for three-dimensional nonlinear analysis

This paper describes the NEPTUNE system of finite element codes that is being developed to assist in the design, safety evaluation, and licensing of metal and concrete reactor structures subjected to static or transient mechanical loads. The implementations of (1) a quadrilateral plate element for concrete, (2) a family of interface elements to treat contact and/or impact between structures, and (3) a silent boundary element are highlighted. Terse descriptions of the remaining elements in the code are given. The solution of the static equilibrium equations are obtained with the dynamic relaxation algorithms, and the equations of motion are solved with the central difference algorithm. The wide range of applicability of the code system is demonstrated with four examples. The propagation of a wave through a silent boundary is first illustrated. Then the impact of a deformable cylindrical container against a rigid floor is simulated. The final two problems deal with structural safety evaluations. The transient response of a liquid metal reactor's head assembly is first described, and then, a numerical simulation of the response of a 16-scale reinforced concrete light water reactor, containment model to static overpressurization is presented.
Experimental Infection in Cats with a cagA+ Human Isolate of Helicobacter pylori

Background. Helicobacter pylori has been cultured from the inflamed gastric mucosa of naturally and experimentally-infected cats. The lesions in the H. pylori-infected cat stomach mimic many of the features seen in human stomachs infected with H. pylori. This study sought to determine whether H. pylori-negative, specific pathogen-free cats with normal gastric mucosa were susceptible to colonization with a human cagA+ strain of H. pylori, and whether gastritis developed after infections. Methods. Four H. pylori-negative cats treated with cimetidine were orally dosed 3 times at 2-day intervals with 3 ml (1.5 × 108 CFU/ml) of H. pylori . Results. All experimentally-infected cats became persistently colonized as determined by H. pylori isolation from gastric tissue by culture at 12 weeks, and all 4 cats were found positive by PCR during serial gastric biopsies and necropsy at 15 weeks postinoculation. The 2 control cats did not have H. pylori isolated, nor was gastric tissue positive by PCR. The H. pylori isolated from the 4 experimentally-infected cats had RFLP patterns specific for the flaA gene identical to those of the inoculating strain. All 4 H. pylori-infected cats had multifocal gastritis, consisting of lymphoid aggregates plus multiple large lymphoid nodules. In the control cats, one cat had a few focal lymphocytic aggregates in the body submucosa, whereas the second cat had normal gastric mucosa. Conclusion. Human cagA+H. pylori readily colonized the cat stomach and produced a persistent gastritis. The findings demonstrate the utility of the cat to study H. pylori induced pathogenesis.