cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genomic organization of the gene and a related pseudogene for a human folate binding protein

Abstract An unprocessed pseudogene which is 90% homologous with the cDNA encoding a folate binding protein in KB cells has been cloned from a human genomic library. This pseudogene contains TGA stop codons, base deletions and substitutions and lacks a 5′ region. The size of the exons and the intron-exon sites are almost identical to the organization of the gene encoding this protein which has now been characterized from genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction with selected primers to the cDNA.
The threshold-versus-duration curve is nonmonotonic

Detection thesholds for luminance pulses of either 50 or 250 msec were measured, using a 2AFC procedure, in 20 subjects. For almost all subjects, 50-msec pulses had lower thresholds than 250-msec pulses, demonstrating that the threshold-versus-duration curve has an undershoot.
Increased susceptibility to insulin resistance associated with abdominal obesity in aging rats.

Objective: Recent data have suggested that the insulin resistance observed with aging may be more related to adiposity than aging per se. We asked whether the insulin resistance observed in aged rats was comparable (both in magnitude and location) to that of fat-fed rats. Research Methods and Procedures: We performed hyperinsulinemic (5 mU/min per kg) euglycemic clamps with tracer in conscious, 6-hour fasted young (YL), fat-fed young (YF), fat-fed old (OF), and calorically restricted old (OL) rats. Results: Intraabdominal fat measurements showed that OF and YF rats were more obese than YL (p ≤ 0.001; YF > OF > YL). Caloric restriction not only prevented age-related obesity but also reduced the ratio of intraabdominal fat to lean body mass (LBM) compared with YL (OL: 0.59 ± 0.05 vs. YL: 1.07 ± 0.04; p = 0.017). Despite similar incremental insulin, YF and OF rats required 40% less infused glucose to maintain euglycemia than YL and OL rats (p < 0.001). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (SiRd: ΔRd/(ΔInsulin × GlucoseSS) was impaired in OF rats (OF: 14.03 ± 1.79 vs. YL: 23.08 ± 1.87 × 103 dL/min × kg LBM per pM; p = 0.004) and improved in OL rats (29.41 ± 1.84 × 103 dL/min × kg LBM per pM; p = 0.031) compared with YL. Despite greater obesity, YF rats did not exhibit lower SiRd compared with OF rats (p = 0.58). In contrast, the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous glucose production (EGP; SiEGP: ΔEGP/(ΔInsulin × GlucoseSS) was not impaired in OF rats (OF vs. YL; p = 0.61) but was markedly impaired in YF rats by ∼75% (1.72 ± 0.66 × 103 dL/min × kg per pM; p = 0.013). Surprisingly, separate regression analysis for old and young animals revealed that old rats exhibited a significantly steeper regression between Si (Rd and EGP) and adiposity than young rats (p < 0.05). Thus, older rats showed a proportionately greater decrement in insulin sensitivity with an equivalent increase in adiposity. Discussion: These data suggest that, in rodents, youth affords significant protection against obesity-induced insulin resistance.
Mercury(II) and methylmercury(II) complexes of novel sterically hindered thiolates: carbon-13 and mercury-199 NMR studies and the crystal and molecular structures of [MeHg(SC6H2-2,4,6-Pr-iso3)], [Hg(SC6H4-2-SiMe3)2], [Hg(2-SC5H3N-3-SiMe3)2], and [Hg{(2-SC6H4)2SiMe2}]2

Several series of complexes of the types [MeHg(SR)] and [Hg(SR) 2 ] have been synthesized, where the ligands are members of new classes of sterically hindered thiolates, including (triorganosilyl) methanethiol, 2-(triorganosilyl) benzenethiols, 3-(triorganosilyl) pyridine-2-thiols, and bis(2-mercaptophenyl) derivatives. Detailed 1 H, 13 C, and 199 Hg NMR studies
Effective Organizational Vision: Implications for Human Resource Development.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing literature related to organizational vision and discusses its potential implications for human resource development (HRD). Furthermore, the paper aims to provide a forum for debate on the utility and effectiveness of organizational vision and how it is related to HRD and strategic management.Findings – Examination of the organizational vision literature revealed three commonly addressed themes: the visioning process; vision content selection; and vision implementation.Practical implications – Implications of these findings for leadership and HRD are presented and include the role of HRD as a strategic partner in the visioning process and the role of leaders in advancing visioning efforts.Originality/value – Goes some way to fulfilling the need for research in the area of organizational vision, particularly as it relates to leadership, motivation, strategy, and commitment.
Fluorescence and protein structure IX. Relationship between tyrosine fluorescence and various stages in denaturation of ribonuclease

Abstract 1. 1. Ribonuclease A and two modified forms, ribonuclease S and S-protein, were exposed to a variety of denaturing agents, i.e. , acid, heat urea, dioxane, dodecyl sulfate and cetyldimethylethylammonium bromide. (a) The observed order of stability was: ribonuclease A > ribonuclease S > S-protein. (b) Reversible changes of ribonuclease S in 8 M urea were by a 2-stage process: ribonuclease S → I S-protein → II extensive modification of the S-protein core, and Stage I was the rate-limiting step at 27°. (c) Dioxane (40%) at neutral pH produced reversible changes in ribonuclease S and S-protein, but denaturation of ribonuclease A occurred only below pH 4. (d) Actions of the cationic detergent cetyldimethylaammonium bromide on ribonuclease are complex but clearly involve a disulfide interchange and additional conformational changes from bound detergent. 2. 2. Fluoremetric titration curves showed marked differences for ribonuclease A, ribonuclease S and S-protein that are compatible with an expansion of the protein by electrostatic repulsive forces. 3. 3. Reduction of the disulfide bonds of denatured ribonuclease gave largeincreases in fluorescence. These results suggest that some hydrophobic regions persist as long as the disulfide bonds are intact. 4. 4. Perturbation of the fluorescence of native ribonuclease A by dioxane indicated that most, if not all, fluorescence came from the normal (exposed) tyrosyl residues.
An IEC61850 Communication Model for Network Devices in Smart Substation

This paper proposes an IEC61850 communication model for the network devices in smart substation based on the substation network status monitoring requirements through bringing the network device status information management into a unified monitoring and management system of smart substation. The substation monitoring system can directly get the state information and configuration information of the communication network and network devices, such as link status, bandwidth status, port forwarding state, the port packet loss rate, bit error rate and so on.
The anterior cricoid split: the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia experience

The anterior cricoid split procedure (ACS) is an alternative to tracheotomy in selected infants with subglottic stenosis. From February 1983 to October 1987, 26 children underwent ACS at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. All children had subglottic stenosis. Six children had previously undergone tracheotomy. A successful outcome, allowing extubation or decannulation, correlated only with decreased pre-operative intubation time and was achieved in 73% of these patients. A failed ACS had little adverse affect on the subsequent management of these children.
Use of a metallochromic indicator to study intracellular calcium movements in skeletal muscle.

Abstract The transient increase in free myoplasmic calcium concentration due to depolarization of a skeletal muscle fibre is the net result of the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and its simultaneous removal by binding to various sites and by reuptake into the SR. We review here procedures recently developed in this laboratory for empirically characterizing the calcium removal processes in voltage-clampled fibres and for using such characterization to determine the time course of SR calcium release during a depolarizing pulse.
Identification of human urinary metabolites of acetochlor in exposed herbicide applicators by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Acetochlor is a preemergent chloroacetanilide herbicide used to control annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. It is the second most abundantly applied herbicide on corn crops in the United States; however, human metabolites associated with known exposure to acetochlor have not been positively identified and confirmed. We positively identified acetochlor mercapturate (ACM) as a metabolite of acetochlor in urine samples collected during a 24-h period from custom (commercial) applicators who had applied acetochlor on either the day of or the day before urine collection. Concentrations in applicator urine samples ranged from 0.5 to 449 microg/l (0.3-121 microg/g creatinine). We found that ACM accounted for as much as 42% of the total acetochlor-derived metabolites; however, as the exposure level decreased (based on total acetochlor metabolite level), ACM became a less abundant metabolite of acetochlor ( 100 microg/l), acetochlor accounted for about 0.8% of the total excreted acetochlor metabolites (approximately 2% of the ACM concentrations). At lower exposures (classified as ACM<10 microg/l), ACM and acetochlor concentrations were similar. Additionally, we tentatively identified another acetochlor metabolite that appeared to be important at low levels of exposure.
All-in-one droplet platform for multiplexed genetic detection in blood

Presents a fully integrated magnetic droplet platform capable of performing all steps from sample preparation to target analysis for multiplexed genetic biomarker detection with a single device. On this platform, surface energy traps (SETs) are implemented to enable complex liquid handling including droplet moving, merging, immobilization, dispensing, metering and aliquoting, which greatly enhances the functionality of a microfluidic droplet chip to carry out steps for cell lysis, solid phase DNA extraction, DNA aliquoting, DNA-PCR primer mixing, and emulsion PCRs in droplets.
Conversion behavior comparison of TFA–MOD and non-fluorine solution-deposited YBCO films

Abstract The densification behavior during conversion of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− x (YBCO) films formed by the trifluoroacetate (TFA)-based metal–organic deposition (MOD) technique was compared to a non-fluorine oxycarbonate-based MOD process and nitrate-based polymer-assisted deposition (PAD). The critical current densities obtained in all processes exceeded 10 6 A/cm 2 in films at least 300 nm thick. Rapid densification of films was observed in all processes, beginning at 700 °C in the TFA and PAD processes and 650 °C in the oxycarbonate process. YBCO nucleation occurred shortly after densification began in all processes. Residual carbon measurements were performed using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS). Carbon persisted in films from all processes until after densification began, but it was reduced to background levels soon after YBCO nucleation. Film density and second phase morphology were controlled through adjustments to the ambient oxygen partial pressure. Morphological evidence of extensive transient liquid phase formation was observed in PAD films and is consistent with the densification and nucleation behavior. The common behavior between the PAD, oxycarbonate–MOD, and TFA–MOD processes suggests that a melt forms in all systems, but the extent of this melt varies.
Vascular biology 2014 in Monterey, California: celebrating 20 years of NAVBO

A meeting report for Vascular Biology 2014, held in Monterey, California and organized by the North American Vascular Biology Organization (NAVBO).
A distributed algorithm for systemic risk mitigation in financial systems

This paper studies the problem of optimally allocating a cash injection into a financial system in distress. We investigate a one-period borrower-lender network with no dynamics, in which all debts are due at the same time and have the same seniority. Every node in the network represents a financial institution, and every node is labeled with a nonnegative real number which is the cash on hand that the institution has before the debts are due. If node i owes d dollars to node j, this is represented in the network as a directed edge from node i to node j with weight d. We propose a duality-based distributed algorithm to determine the optimal cash injection amount C and its corresponding optimal allocation among the nodes, to minimize the cost function C+λD which is a linear combination of two terms: the total cash injected into the system and the total unpaid liabilities D in the system after the cash injection. The user-selected coefficient λ controls the relative importance of the two terms in the cost function.
Cedar Fortran and its compiler

The Cedar architecture integrates shared memory with a distributed system of Alliant mini-supercomputers. Nested parallel loops and a hierarchical memory model allow Cedar Fortran to offer a wide range of implementation possibilities for an algorithm, which makes automatic parallelization easy to do, but hard to do well. Techniques from both shared memory and distributed memory programming paradigms are applied to this problem.
Experimental and petrological constraints on lunar differentiation from the Apollo 15 green picritic glasses

Phase equilibrium experiments on the most magnesian Apollo 15C green picritic glass composition indicate a multiple saturation point with olivine and orthopyroxene at 1520 C and 1.3 GPa (about 260 km depth in the moon). This composition has the highest Mg# of any lunar picritic glass and the shallowest multiple saturation point. Experiments on an Apollo 15A composition indicate a multiple saturation point with olivine and orthopyroxene at 1520 C and 2.2 GPa (about 440 km depth in the moon). The importance of the distinctive compositional trends of the Apollo 15 groups A, B, and C picritic glasses merits the reanalysis of NASA slide 15426,72 with modern electron microprobe techniques. We confirm the compositional trends reported by Delano (1979, 1986) in the major element oxides SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3, Cr2O3, FeO, MnO, MgO, and CaO, and we also obtained data for the trace elements P2O5, K2O, Na2O, NiO, S, Cu, Cl, Zn, and F. Petrogenetic modeling demonstrates that the Apollo 15 A-B-C glass trends could not have been formed by fractional crystallization or any continuous assimilation/fractional crystallization (AFC) process. The B and C glass compositional trends could not have been formed by batch or incremental melting of an olivine + orthopyroxene source or any other homogeneous source, though the A glasses may have been formed by congruent melting over a small pressure range at depth. The B compositional trend is well modeled by starting with an intermediate A composition and assimilating a shallower, melted cumulate, and the C compositional trend is well modeled by a second assimilation event. The assimilation process envisioned is one in which heat and mass transfer were separated in space and time. In an initial intrusive event, a picritic magma crystallized and provided heat to melt magma ocean cumulates. In a later replenishment event, the picritic magma incrementally mixed with the melted cumulate (creating the compositional trends in the green glass data set), ascended to the lunar surface, and erupted as a fire fountain. A barometer created from multiple saturation points provides a depth estimate of other glasses in the A-B-C trend and of the depths of assimilation. This barometer demonstrates that the Apollo 15 A-B-C trend originated over a depth range of approx.460 km to approx.260 km within the moon.
THE MULTIPLICATION OF TUBERCLE BACILLI WITHIN NORMAL PHAGOCYTES IN TISSUE CULTURE

A technique has been described for the cultivation in vitro of normal mononuclear cells on glass slides in a liquid medium. Under these conditions the monocytes transformed into macrophages which proliferated as in ordinary tissue culture. These cultures of monocytes could be infected with tubercle bacilli. The numbers of stainable tubercle bacilli within the monocytes increased steadily in cultures infected with virulent or attenuated strains. Evidence is given to support the view that this increase in numbers of bacilli was due to intracellular multiplication. There was no evidence of intracellular bacillary multiplication in cultures infected with an avirulent strain. Tubercle bacilli multiplying within phagocytes in vitro exert a damaging effect upon the host cells. The damage was most obvious in cells infected with a virulent strain. Tubercle bacilli within phagocytes were protected against the bacteriostatic effect of streptomycin added in a concentration of 5 gamma per ml. of culture medium. This permitted the use of streptomycin in infected cultures to prevent extracellular multiplication of the bacilli.
Grade functions and two classical theorems

Abstract If R is a Noetherian ring, then for each ideal I in R a finite subset A(I) of Spec R is specified. Then it is shown that if the A(I) satisfy certain natural conditions, then a grade function, Agd(I), can be defined that has many of the basic properties of the classical grade, grade(I). Finally, it is shown that the Agd version of Macaulay's Unmixedness Theorem and of another important theorem concerning Cohen-Macaulay rings hold in this more general situation.
Transition in Low-Pressure Turbines: Effects of Unsteady Acceleration and Turbulence Intensity

Wakes generated by upstream airfoil rows create an unsteady flowfield to downstream rows of a low-pressure turbine. Pressure gradients and local turbulence intensity levels imposed on the airfoil surface boundary layers change as the wakes pass through the passage. Separation and laminar-to-turbulent transition onset locations and transition path characteristics also change during the wake passing cycle. The effects of unsteady acceleration (composed of spatial acceleration and temporal acceleration) and time variations in turbulence intensity on transition onset and transition path are described
Post-herpes encephalitic anterior pituitary insufficiency with hypothermia and hypotension.

ABSTRACT : A 49-year-old man with herpes simplex encephalitis at age 22 was admitted with hypotension (90/60 mm Hg) and hypothermia (33.7°C). His blood pressure was 80-90/50-60 mm Hg, with temperatures averaging 35°C, for at least 3 years before admission. Evaluation of his hypothermia and hypotension revealed a low free triiodothyronine, low normal thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone
Effects of forced reward-nonreward ratios on children's performance in a discrimination task

Abstract A study was run to determine if correct responses and response speeds on free choice trials would vary with changes in the ratio of rewarded to nonrewarded ( R N ) forced trials in a two-stimulus discrimination learning task. The S s were 112 3- to 5-year-old children. The task involved learning to select the correct 1 of 2 differently colored cars and rolling it down a runway. Four blocks of 6 forced trials were interspersed among 4 blocks of 4 free choice trials. Sixteen S s were randomly assigned to each of the following forced trial block R N groups: 0 6 , 1 5 , 2 4 , 3 3 , 4 2 , 5 1 , 6 0 . Substantiating previous findings, correct responses were an inverse linear function of the size of R N . While R N groups did not differ significantly in their response speeds on free choice trials, S s did respond faster on forced than on free choice trials, particularly among the intermediate R N groups (i.e., 2 4 , 3 3 , 4 2 ).
Dynamic imaging for swallowing reeducation

Dynamic imaging is frequently indispensable for the rational treatment of disordered swallowing. The effects of test feeding techniques, bolus modification, patient positioning, and respiratory maneuvers are all best documented by visualizing and recording the swallowing of radiopacified boluses. What is seen becomes the basis of patients' reeducation in swallowing. Greatest effectiveness results when the radiologic examination is shared with those responsible for the patient's rehabilitation in swallowing.
Kidney clamp, perfuse, re-implant: a useful technique for graft salvage after vascular complications during kidney transplantation

Although intra-operative vascular complications during renal transplantation are rare, injuries associated with prolonged ischemia may lead to graft threatening early and late complications. This series describes a novel technique for intra-operative repair of vascular complications in five patients over a three-yr period. The method consists of rapid graft nephrectomy and re-preservation of the graft with cold University of Wisconsin solution, which allows for controlled/precise back table repair of the vascular injury without incurring prolonged warm ischemia time. In three cases, the donor renal vein (2) and donor renal artery (1) were damaged and required back table reconstruction. In two cases, the recipient iliac artery needed reconstruction. Three of the five cases used deceased donor iliac vessels from another donor for reconstruction. Two patients required postoperative dialysis for delayed graft function for three to nine d (average six d) and two patients had slow graft function. All grafts were functioning at 17 months (mean) after transplant, with a median serum of 1.61 mg/dL (0.74-3.69). This series demonstrates the effectiveness of kidney clamp, perfuse, resuscitate as an effective intra-operative technique to salvage grafts after vascular injury. Although the grafts may suffer from delayed or slow graft function, excellent long-term function is attainable.
Analysis of Schistosoma mansoni Population Structure Using Total Fecal Egg Sampling

Many parasite populations are difficult to sample because they are not uniformly distributed between several host species and are often not easily collected from the living host, thereby limiting sample size and possibly distorting the representation of the population. For the parasite Schistosoma mansoni, we investigated the use of eggs, in aggregate, from the stools of infected individuals as a simple and representative sample. Previously, we demonstrated that microsatellite allele frequencies can be accurately estimated from pooled DNA of cloned S. mansoni adults. Here, we show that genotyping of parasite populations from reproductively isolated laboratory strains can be used to identify these specific populations based on characteristic patterns of allele frequencies, as observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and automated sequencer analysis of fluorescently labeled PCR products. Microsatellites used to genotype aggregates of eggs collected from stools of infected individuals produced results consistent with the geographic distribution of the samples. Preferential amplification of smaller alleles, and stutter PCR products, had negligible effect on measurement of genetic differentiation. Direct analysis of total stool eggs can be an important approach to questions of population genetics for this parasite by increasing the sample size to thousands per infected individual and by reducing bias.
MONO-η6-ARENE COMPLEXES OF CHROMIUM (II) AND CHROMIUM (0). ARENE EXCHANGE AND ARENE DISPLACEMENT REACTIONS OF η6-FLUOROARENE-DICARBONYLBIS (TRICHLOROSILYL) AND -TRICARBONYLCHROMIUM DERIVATIVES

Abstract In an attempt to obtain chromium-arene derivatives possessing high arene lability, (C6 H5F)Cr(CO)2 (SiCl3)2, (C6H4F2)Cr(CO)2(SiCl3)2, (C6H5F)Cr(CO)3, and (C6H4F2)Cr(CO)3 have been investigated. Kinetics of arene exchange have been studied showing that the Cr(II) derivatives exhibit ten-fold higher rates than the Cr(O) derivatives. Both electronic and steric effects appear to be important, although electronic effects dominate. Arene displacement by phosphine and phosphite ligands has also been studied. Although arene displacement took place, unexpected rearrangement and disproportionation reactions occurred yielding seven-coordinate (CO)4Cr(PR3)(SiCl3)2 species.
Ultra-High Voltage Transmission

Prospects for ultra-high voltage (1000 kV and above) a.c. power transmission are discussed, and the problems involved in developing and constructing this u.h.v. transmission are reviewed. Research above 1000 kV is concerned with minimizing the impact of u.h.v. lines on the immediate environment, particularly radio and audible noise emission due to wet-weather corona effects, and electrostatic induction phenomena near the lines. The paper reviews the design constraints now envisaged to avoid these problems, as well as insulation requirements that may be necessary. No specific technical limitations through 1500 kV have yet been encountered, although the formation of power corridors with limited public access may be necessary above 1500 kV.
Childhood Trauma among Mexican American Gang Members and Delinquent Youth: A Comparative Exploratory Study

This paper examines the association between childhood trauma and gang membership. Specifically, this study compares histories of potentially traumatic events as assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire among a street-recruited random sample of Mexican American male gang members and a matched comparison group of delinquent youth. The gang and delinquent youth samples are then compared to normative samples of adolescent male psychiatric inpatients and male undergraduates. The findings show that gang members generally report experiencing lower levels of childhood trauma compared to those in the sample of delinquent youth. In fact, gang members' levels of childhood trauma more closely resemble those of the undergraduate sample. However, this analysis suggests that gang membership, and delinquency in general, may be associated with physical neglect. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 'Gang membership, and delinquency in general, may be associated with physical neglect' Key Practitioner Messages: * Childhood trauma prevalence and delinquent youth comparison groups are rare in gang research. * Childhood trauma rates (emotional, physical and sexual abuse) were found to be lower among a sample of gang-involved Mexican American males compared to non-gang delinquent youth. * Levels of physical neglect should be assessed for in youth regardless of gang membership. * Future research should focus on family-level sociocultural interventions that may be beneficial for gang-involved youth and trauma-informed interventions that may be particularly beneficial for delinquent youth in low-income communities. Language: en
Computation of induction logs in multiple-layer dipping formation

A technique to compute the response of an induction sonde in a dipping formation is presented. The effects of borehole and invasion are assumed to be negligible. The formation may have an arbitrary number of beds. The method developed is called the coefficient propagator method. It overcomes difficulties that usually occur in numerical integration due to exponential behavior of electromagnetic-wave propagation in dissipative media. The method is used to investigate the effects of dipping and laminated formations on induction logs. >
Neural network based adaptive control of nonlinear plants using random search optimization algorithms

A method for utilizing artificial neural networks for direct adaptive control of dynamic systems with poorly known dynamics is presented. The neural network weights (controller gains) are adapted in real time using state measurements and a random search optimization algorithm. The results are demonstrated via simulation using two highly nonlinear systems. >
Gα12- and Gα13-Protein Subunit Linkage of D5 Dopamine Receptors in the Nephron

The roles of the G-protein α-subunits, G s , G i , and G q/11 , in the signal transduction of the D 1 -like dopamine receptors, D 1 and D 5 , have been deciphered. Gα 12 and Gα 13 , members of the 4th family of G protein subunits, are not linked with D 1 receptors, and their linkage to D 5 receptors is not known. Therefore, we studied the expression of Gα 12 and Gα 13 and interaction with D 5 dopamine receptors in the kidney from normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and D 5 receptor-transfected HEK293 cells. Gα 12 and Gα 13 were found in the proximal tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and artery and vein in the WKY rat kidney. Whereas Gα 12 was expressed in the ascending limb of Henle, Gα 13 was expressed in the collecting duct and juxtaglomerular cells. In renal proximal tubules, Gα 12 and Gα 13 , as with D 5 receptors, were expressed in brush border membranes. Laser confocal microscopy revealed the colocalization of D 5 receptors with Gα 12 and Gα 13 in rat renal brush border membranes, immortalized rat renal proximal tubule cells, and D 5 receptor-transfected HEK293 cells. In these cells, a D 1 -like agonist, fenoldopam, increased the association of Gα 12 and Gα 13 with D 5 receptors, results that were corroborated by immunoprecipitation experiments. We conclude that although both D 1 and D 5 receptors are linked to Gαs, they are differentially linked to Gα 12 and Gα 13 . The consequences of the differential G-protein subunit linkage on D 1 - and D 5 -mediated sodium transport remains to be determined.
On the equivalence of spatial and temporal stability for translation invariant linear resistive networks

A fundamental relationship between spatial and temporal stability is explored for a class of translation-invariant linear resistive networks. These networks appear to have great promise for the high-speed linear filtering of two-dimensional spatially sampled analog data such as imagery. In general, networks designed for such applications require both positive and negative resistances. It is proved that such networks, when terminated in a certain reasonable manner, are temporally asymptotically stable in the presence of arbitrary parasitic capacitances whenever the network's underlying spatial response (convolution) is bounded-input-bounded-output stable. >
Polydimethylsioxane fluidic interconnects for microfluidic systems

This paper presents novel polydimethylsioxane (PDMS) based interconnects for microfluidic systems with a low dead volume. Through-hole type and "/spl lceil/" type PDMS interconnects have been designed, fabricated, and tested for glass and plastic capillary tubing. Oxygen reactive ion etching and epoxy bonding methods are employed to bond PDMS interconnects to different substrate materials including silicon, glass, polymer and other thin film materials. Leakage pressure, leakage rate, and pull-out force are characterized for these interconnects. For reusable PDMS interconnects, the maximum leakage pressure reaches 510 kPa (75 psi) and the maximum pull-out force is about 800 mN. For nonreusable PDMS interconnects, the maximum leakage pressure is found to be 683 kPa (100 psi) and the maximum pull-out force is 2 N. For both types of PDMS interconnects, the leakage rate test demonstrates that the leakage is not detectable at a working pressure of 137 kPa (20 psi).
Elastoplastic BIE analysis of cracked plates and related problems. Part 2: Numerical results

Part 1 of this paper reports on the formulation of an advanced boundary—integral equation model for fracture mechanics analysis of cracked plates, subject to elastoplastic behaviour or other, related body force problems. The basis of this formulation contrasts with other BIE elastoplastic formulations in the use of the Green's function for an infinite plane containing a stress free crack. This Green's function formulation assures that the total elastic strain field for the crack problem is accurately imbedded in the numerical model. The second part of this paper reports on the numerical implementation of this algorithm, as currently developed. The anelastic strain field (residual strains, thermal strains, plastic strains, etc.) is approximated as piecewise constant, while the boundary data is modelled with linear interpolations. An iteration solution scheme is adopted which eliminates the need for recalculation of the BIE matrices. The stability and accuracy of the algorithm are demonstrated for an uncracked, notch geometry, and comparison to finite element results is made for the centre-cracked panel. The data shows that even the crude plastic strain model applied is capable of excellent resolution of crack tip plastic behaviour.
Using /spl beta/-skeletons for localized topology control in wireless ad hoc networks

We propose a novel approach for sparse topology generation in wireless ad hoc networks based on a graph structure known as /spl beta/-skeletons. Two efficient algorithms are presented in this paper for creating a connected topology from an underlying /spl beta/-skeleton. One algorithm is a localized algorithm that uses two-hop neighborhood information to generate a connected topology, with a running time of O(n). The other is a distributed algorithm that runs on each component of the /spl beta/-skeleton creating a connected structure from the disconnected /spl beta/-skeleton graph, the running time is O(nlogn). Simulations show consistent decrease in node degree in the resulting topology. The observed decrease is greater than 33% in comparison to the relative neighborhood graph (RNG) and greater than 50% in comparison to other topology structures such as, the Gabriel graph (GG) and the Yao construction on GG.
Estimating R&D schedule and cost: all the reasons not to, and one reason to do it anyway

Summary form only given as follows. RD yet the spenders of that money are rarely asked to commit to a cost-to-complete statement or to a time-to-finish pronouncement. And when asked, they object on grounds that R&D is essentially a journey into the unknown-off limits to cost estimation and schedule commitment. This assertion should be refuted on grounds that a credible R&D estimate may always precede the actual completion of the project, thus offering some decision freedom to the budgeting authority. R&D practitioners are fond of claiming that estimates inhibit the innovative spirit. This argument overshadows the notion that estimates would allow a better use of scarce R&D funds, thus offering a chance to young innovators and others who trail the allocation priority list. Another argument against estimating the effort to achieve an R&D objective is based on the premise that no one except the leading researcher/developer can accurately render an estimate. This can be seriously challenged by the methodologies developed in the last decade by AI practitioners, and knowledge engineers interviewing human experts for developing expert systems. In short: R&D cost estimation and schedule appraisal can be done credibly, and doing so will draw more resources to this activity, which all agree is the corner stone for economic prosperity.
Parallels and Divergences in the Acquisition and Dissolution of Language

Analyses of the relation between the acquisition and dissolution of language have typically focused on whether or not the forms of language dysfunction that result from brain damage correspond to specific stages of language acquisition: the Regression Hypothesis. These analyses have not met with great success: although there are a number of superficial similarities between aphasic disorders and different stages of the immature linguistic system, there are also important differences. I will suggest that a focus on the behavioral similarities between language acquisition and dissolution is unlikely to be productive. A more productive course would be to focus, instead, on the general principles that constrain the acquisition and dissolution of language.
Cold hardiness of larvae of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella

The cold-hardening capacity of field-collected larvae from southeast Missouri and laboratory-reared larvae of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, was examined. Supercooling points of non-diapause and diapause larvae collected from maize plants grown in Missouri (36° 30′ N lat.) were ca. -7.0 °C. The hemolymph melting points of diapause field larvae (-0.8 °C) were significantly lower than those of non-diapause larvae collected in July (-0.5 °C). The supercooling points of hemolymph from non-diapause and diapause field larvae ranged randomly from -10° to -18 °C. Supercooling points of non-diapause laboratory larvae increased from -13° to -10 °C prior to pupation, whereas those of diapause larvae increased similarly before the onset of diapause, but then decreased during diapause to ca. -17 °C. No change in supercooling points or capacity to survive in the presence of ice was observed in diapause laboratory larvae acclimated at 4 °C for 63 days. Laboratory and field larvae began to freeze at ca. -1.5 °C in the presence of ice, but survived to several degrees below their melting points. The high supercooling points of field larvae appeared to be due to the presence of an environmental ice-nucleator. Although data for laboratory larvae indicate sufficiently low supercooling points to permit winter survival in southeastern Missouri, considerable larval mortality occurs in the field due to inoculative freezing and the presence of an ice-nucleator.
Development of a new frame finite element for crash analysis, using a mixed variational principle and rotations as independent variables

This paper deals with the development and application of a new space curved frame finite element to be used for crash analysis (non-linear). The frame finite element has been developed using a mixed variational principle (complementary form) and using rotations as independent variables. The formulation has been validated for problems of large deflection and rotation, and for problems involving initially curved members. Based on the validation performed, it is expected that crash problems may be modelled using a single element per member thus retaining computational efficiency while performing an accurate analysis. An illustrative example (modelling of an S-leg seat) is presented here to illustrate the benefits of the proposed approach to a designer.
Robotic Assisted vs Laparoscopic Heller Myotomy: A Single Institution Experience

overall morbidity (51.3% vs 3.9%, respectively, p 2 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.217; 95% CI, 1.014-1.460, p<0.05), preoperative COPD (AOR 1.795; 95% CI, 1.192-2.703, p<0.05), and dependent functional status (AOR 2.230; 95% CI, 1.113-4.466, p<0.05). Compared with those having RYGB, patients with SG were 50% less likely to need a reoperation (AOR 0.505; 95% CI, 0.430-0.592, p<0.05). Postoperative hemorrhage (10%) was the most common indication for reoperation, and diagnostic laparoscopy (16%) was the most common reoperative procedure.
Bio-Inspired Electroactive Organic Molecules for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries. 1. Thiophenoquinones

Redox flow batteries (RFB) utilizing water-soluble organic redox couples are a new strategy for low-cost, eco-friendly, and durable stationary electrical energy storage. Previous studies have focused on benzoquinones, napthoquinones, and anthraquinones as the electroactive species. Here, we explore a new class of molecules—thiophenoquinones—specifically focusing on the caldariellaquinone-, sulfolobusquinone-, and benzodithiophenoquinone-like frameworks that are used for metabolic processes in thermophilic aerobic Sulfolobus archaebacteria. We demonstrated that B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) thermochemical calculations (using the SMD solvation model) reproduce experimental reduction potentials to within ±0.04 V. We then studied the effect of amine, hydroxyl, methyl, fluoro, phosphonic acid, sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and nitro functional group modifications on the reduction potential and Gibbs energy of solvation in water (using density functional theory) and aqueous solubility (using cheminformatics). Next we en...
Production of Synthetic Winds for Launch Vehicle Loads and Trajectory Simulations Based on Principal Component Analysis

A method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was developed to generate synthetic winds that may be used for studies of aerodynamic loads and the dispersion of rocket trajectories. A notable feature of the analysis is that it is performed on winds separated in time by certain time deltas (30, 60, 120 minutes, etc.). This approach produces synthetic winds that preserve relevant statistics of the observed winds. These include the variance, spatial spectra, correlation between wind components and temporal decorrelation. This is different from methods for computing synthetic winds based on standard autoregressive Markov techniques, such as the Global Reference Atmosphere Model (GRAM). We have examined the generation of synthetic winds that may be used within the GRAM framework. The GRAM combines a deterministic monthly mean and a stochastic perturbation to give individual realizations. A difficulty with the present GRAM formulation for calculating temporal effects is that each realization is uncorrelated with any other. In addition, GRAM predicts that the north-south and east-west components of the wind are uncorrelated and that their power spectral density falls off less rapidly with decreasing wavelength than observed. Our approach for computing the stochastic part resolves all of these difficulties and may be used with the deterministic part of GRAM to produce more realistic synthetic winds.
Management of patients with hematologic malignancies and aplastic anemia who are refractory to platelet transfusions

Patients with hematologic malignancies or aplastic anemia may have reduced responses to platelet transfusions after multiple transfusions of standard red blood cells or platelet components. This situation, conventionally described as 'refractoriness' to platelet transfusions, may result from immune or non-immune causes. Non-immune causes include fever, infections, hypersplenism, disseminated intravascular coagulation, antibiotics, or veno-occlusive disease. Immune causes include platelet-reactive alloantibodies, which are typically antibodies to human leukocyte antigens (HLA) or, less commonly, antibodies to human platelet antigens (HPA). Transfused HLA-matched platelets often have satisfactory posttransfusion survivals, but few transfusion services have the donor and logistical resources to sustain a prolonged course of platelet transfusions requiring four-antigen matches. The availability of commercially marketed kits for crossmatching samples of potential donors' platelets with a recipient's serum has facilitated donor-recipient matching. Also, platelet crossmatching may be used to select a suitable unit of from several candidates platelets that have been identified to be partial HLA matches. The high likelihood of decreased efficacy of platelet transfusions in HLA-alloimmunized recipients makes avoidance of exposure to HLA-bearing leukocytes a priority. This goal is facilitated by lowering transfusion 'triggers' for cellular blood components, particularly for prophylactic platelet transfusions, by reducing the leukocyte content of components by leukocyte-reduction filters and, possibly by ultraviolet-B irradiation of leukocyte-containing products.
Utility of an Eclectic Approach for Obtaining Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria from New York State Apple Replant Soils

Selection and screening of candidate bacteria for growth-promoting activity when applied to apple rootstocks grown in replant soils was effected through four approaches that obtained: 1) predominant colony types from roots of apples growing in non-replant or virgin sites, 2) predominant strains from rosaceous hosts in such sites, 3) strains from the above two categories exhibiting in vitro antibiosis against nine isolates of apple root-infecting fungi including Fusarium spp., Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani, and 4) random strains exhibiting antibiosis against apple rhizosphere microorganisms on dilution plates. The growth promoting ability and phenotypic characteristics of New York strains is discussed in relation to the above selection schemes.
Recent developments of FNET/GridEye — A situational awareness tool for smart grid

Wide-area monitoring systems (WAMS) are beincreasingly vital for enhancing power grid operators' situational awareness capabilities. As a pilot WAMS that was initially deployed in 2003, the frequency monitoring network FNET/GridEye uses GPS-time-synchronized monitors called fredisturbance recorders (FDRs) to capture dynamic grid behaviors. Over the past ten years, a large number of publications to FNET/GridEye have been reported. In this paper, most recent developments of FNET/GridEye sensors, data centers, and data analytics applications are reviewed. These demonstrate that FNET/GridEye will become a costeffective situational awareness tool for the future smart grid.
Four Themes in Statistical Explanation

Suppose an unbiased coin is tossed a million times. Suppose further that the coin lands heads exactly half a million times. The result of the million tosses may be described correctly (a) as a half million cases of landing heads among a million cases of landing heads or tails, (b) as approximately a half million cases of landing heads (or as between 490000 and 510000 cases of landing heads) among a million cases of landing heads or tails; and (c) as a million cases of landing heads or tails (so that the relative frequency of heads is one of a million and one values of r10-6).
HSP-APC Interactions: Initiation of Immune Responses

The immunogenicity of HSPs is exquisitely dependent on its interaction with professional antigen presenting cells. The interaction is specific and occurs through surface receptors on the APC such as CD91. Other molecules such as CD40, LOX-1, CD36, Toll-like receptor-2 & 4, SR-A and SREC-I have also been proposed to be HSP receptors and are discussed. The physiological situations where the HSP-APC interaction is necessary such as cross-priming of antigens and maturation of the APCs and the implication of these events for the priming of immune responses against infectious agents and tumors and for maintenance of tolerance against self antigens are deliberated
Community College Academic Integrity Lessons That Put Research into Practice

Academic integrity is an educational issue requiring an educational response from all stakeholders, including faculty, students, librarians, learning support staff, and administrators. This article posits that an educational response at Suffolk County Community College (SCCC) advances progress toward an integrated academic integrity strategy at the college. As a library professor at SCCC, I collaborated with an Australian university professor to encapsulate academic integrity research in creating ready-to-use classroom materials. Research studies documented that students want academic integrity instruction at the course and assignment level. Though this article focuses on academic integrity in the community college, research from the broader higher education sector informed the development and course-level implementation of these lessons. The concise lessons provide faculty activities to engage students about ethical decision-making, academic integrity practices, and academic integrity policies.
Long-Term Morbidity of PCOS

Ricardo Azziz, MD, MPH, MBA1,2,3 1Dept. of Ob/Gyn, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; 2Dept of Ob/Gyn, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; 3Dept of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Supported in part by an endowment from the Helping Hand of Lois Angeles, and by grants RO1-HD29364 and K24-D01346 from the National Institutes of Health, USA Correspondence: Ricardo Azziz, MD, MPH, MBA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8635 West Third Street, Suite 160 W, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. Phone: 310-425-7433, Fax: 310-423-3470, e-mail: azzizr@cshs.org