cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of a Light-Emitting Diode on Composite Polymerization Shrinkage and Hardness

PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on polymerization shrinkage and bottom-to-top hardness ratios of composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six LEDs (Elipar FreeLight, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA; Versalux, Centrix, Shelton, CT, USA; Ultra-Lume LED2, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA; Zap LED only, CMS-Dental/Soft-Core Texas, North Richland Hills, TX, USA; Zap dual light; and L.E. Demetron I, Kerr Manufacturing Inc., Orange, CA, USA) and a quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) light (Optilux 501, Kerr Manufacturing Inc.) were tested. Ten specimens each of a microhybrid (Point 4, Kerr Manufacturing, Inc.) and a hybrid (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) composite, measuring 2 mm thick by 5 mm in diameter, were polymerized using each of the lights. Linear shrinkage was recorded using a contactless displacement instrument. Ten specimens were also polymerized with each light to determine the Knoop hardness number (KHN) at the top and bottom surfaces. RESULTS For the microhybrid, Zap dual light had the least volumetric shrinkage 2.08% (+/- 0.33) and Elipar FreeLight had the highest 3.02% (+/- 0.73). There was no significant difference (p < or = .05) in shrinkage for the LEDs when compared with the Optilux 501. The hybrid showed the least amount of shrinkage with the L.E. Demetron I, 1.42% (+/- 0.12), and the greatest with the Zap dual light, 2.47% (+/- 0.31). The Ultra-Lume LED2 (p < or = .05) and Zap LED and dual light (p < or = .001) had significantly greater shrinkage than did the Optilux 501. Zap LED had the lowest depth of cure with a bottom KHN of 11.46 (+/- 2.71) and 33.62 (+/- 3.57) for the microhybrid and hybrid, respectively. The L.E. Demetron I had the highest bottom hardness value for the microhybrid, with a value of 40.65 (+/- 1.50). The Optilux 501 had the highest bottom hardness value for the hybrid, with a value of 62.03 (+/- 0.82). The Zap LED and dual light and Versalux lights had significantly lower bottom-to-top hardness ratios than did the QTH (p < or = .001) with the microhybrid. CONCLUSIONS There was no statistically significant difference in shrinkage for the microhybrid with any of the lights tested. The hybrid, however, showed significantly less shrinkage with the halogen compared with the Ultra-Lume LED2 and Zap LED and dual light. All LEDs had equal or lower bottom hardness values than did the QTH, except for L.E. Demetron I with the microhybrid.
AGE, GROWTH, AND REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF DALL'S PORPOISE (PHOCOENOIDES DALLI) IN THE CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN

Life history parameters were estimated for Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli, from biological specimens collected in the western Aleutian Islands, during 1981–1987. Of 2,033 males and 3,566 females examined, reproductive data were available for 1,941 males and 1,906 females; ages were determined for 813 males and 1,297 females. Female sexual maturity was based on the presence of one or more corpus on either ovary; 845 were sexually immature and 1,061 were sexually mature. Two estimates of female average age at sexual maturity (ASM) were 3.8 and 4.4 yr; average length at sexual maturity (LSM) was 172 cm. Males were considered sexually mature when evidence of spermatogenesis was detected; 1,136 were sexually immature and 805 were sexually mature. Two estimates of male ASM were 4.5 and 5.0 yr; LSM was 179.7 cm. Physical maturity was assessed for 246 males and 446 females by examining the degree of fusion in thoracic vertebral epiphyses. For both sexes, the average age at physical maturity was 7.2 yr. Average length at physical maturity was 202.6 cm for males and 192.7 cm for females. Average lengths of physically mature males (x= 198.1 cm, SE = 0.8566) and females (x= 189.7 cm, SE = 0.4002) were significantly different(P < 0.0001). Early postnatal growth was rapid in both sexes. A secondary growth spurt in both mass and length was characteristic for both sexes; the increase in length preceded the mass increase by 1–2 yr. Average length at birth (LOB) was approximately 100 cm; birth mass averaged 11.3 kg (SE = 0.0772). By the time the umbilicus had healed (<2 mo), the average length and mass had increased to 114.1 cm and 23.8 kg, respectively. Gestation period based on projections using LOB was 12 mo, but this was considered an overestimate. Calving was modal, centered in early July; an annual reproductive interval was indicated. Among the sexually mature females, 120 were pregnant, 55 were pregnant and lactating, 321 were pregnant with colostrum, and 33 were “resting.” By 3 July (95% CI =x 1 d), 50% of births had occurred, during each of the seven years sampled. The ovulation rate was estimated at 0.914 ovulations per average reproductive year. Enlarged follicles and recent ovulations were observed in postpartum females in late July.
Study on Sharing Earth Electrode of UHVDC

This paper analyzes the different operation modes of the UHVDC system sharing earth electrode from the aspect of power system stable operation. Two UHVDC system rectifiers and inverters sharing earth electrode were studied respectively by electromagnetic transient analysis software EMTP-RV based on the main parameters of Xiang jiaba to Nan hui plusmn800 kV UHVDC transmission system. The influence on the normal operation of UHVDC system sharing earth electrode is simulated and analyzed. The merits and demerits of sharing earth electrode are summarized in detail. The feasible suggestions for the corresponding control and protection of UHVDC system sharing earth electrode are put forward.
Actin-binding proteins--a unifying hypothesis.

Actin participates in more protein–protein interactions than any other known protein, including the interaction of actin with itself to form the helical polymer F-actin. The vast majority of actin-binding proteins (ABPs) can be grouped into conserved families. Only a handful of structures of complexes of actin with ABPs have been determined so far. These structures are starting to reveal how certain ABPs, including gelsolin, vitamin D-binding protein and Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-homology domain-2-related proteins, share a common actin-binding motif. It is proposed here that other ABPs, including actin itself, might share this motif, providing a mechanism whereby ABPs and actin compete for a common binding site. Of particular interest is a hydrophobic pocket that mediates important interactions in five of the existing structures of actin complexes. As the pocket remains accessible in F-actin, it is proposed that this pocket represents a primary target for F-actin-binding proteins, such as calponin-homology-related proteins and myosin.
THE HISTORICAL FIGURE OF OMAR AL-MUKHTAR AND ISLAMIC MARTYRDOM IN INDONESIA

The story of Omar al-Mukhtar resisting Italian colonisation of Libya had great potential as a rallying point for anti-colonial sentiment in the Indies stirred up by Islamic politicians under a Pan-Islamic banner. The Dutch colonial government was quite aware of the issue’s sensitivity. It forbade newspapers and Islamic leaders from even mentioning the story of Omar al-Mukhtar with the result that the proposed boycotts against Italy could not become widespread. The effectivity of Dutch policy snuffed out the possibility of the figure of Omar al-Mukhtar becoming a rallying point for those politically active in the struggle against colonialism. Those that would become Indonesian National Heroes with Islamic roots were in fact figures re-cast in a national, secular mould. After ndonesian independence it was national, local identity which dominated over that of Islamic martyrdom. [Kisah perjuangan Omar al-Mukhtar dalam melawan kolonialisasi Italia menjadi kisah yang menginspirasi gerakan anti-kolonialisme di Hindia-Belanda yang dimotori oleh kalangan politisi muslim melalui semboyan Pan-Islamisme. Pemerintah kolonial Belanda merespon dengan hati-hati isu sensitif ini dengan melarang koran dan pemimpin Muslim menceritakan kisah perjuangan Omar al-Mukhtar. Namun, pelarangan ini tidak cukup berhasil. Omar al-Mukhtar menjadi inspirator gerakan anti-kolonialisme. Mereka yang disebut sebagai pahlawan nasional dengan latar belakang muslim sebenarnya tokoh-tokoh yang dihadirkan dengan nuansa nasional/sekuler. Setelah Indonesia merdeka, identitas lokal-nasional itulah yang kemudian lebih dominan ketimbang identitas keislaman.]
A review of: “The Physics of Liquid Crystals, by P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, second edition, Oxford Science Publications; Oxford University Press, 1993, Oxford, U.K.; New York, N.Y.; ISBN: 0-19-852024-7; xvi + 597 pages; $90.00”

(1995). A review of: “The Physics of Liquid Crystals, by P. G. de Gennes and J. Prost, second edition, Oxford Science Publications; Oxford University Press, 1993, Oxford, U.K.; New York, N.Y.; ISBN: 0-19-852024-7; xvi + 597 pages; $90.00”. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals: Vol. 270, No. 1, pp. 175-176.
Integrity Analysis for Dents in Pipelines

Incident analyses over the last several decades consistently show that outside force is the largest single cause of reportable incidents for the hazardous-liquid- and gas-transmission pipeline systems throughout the world. This paper addresses outside-force incidents due to “acts of man” leading to mechanical damage in the form of dents. As such incidents are significant worldwide, there are worldwide efforts to prevent future incidents, and develop approaches to manage this threat. This paper evaluates the criticality of dents in a more general framework than acceptable dent depth used in codes. This analysis is done with reference to typical line pipe mechanical properties, as well as less know parameters like true -fracture ductility and fracture-initiation toughness. Analyses results characterize severity and rank criticality as a function of dent type in reference to the general PRCI model for mechanical damage. Results are presented that show current code-acceptance criteria for dents are over conservative in general, sometimes significantly, particularly for plain dents. Full-scale test data are introduced to support the analytical results. Results are also presented to assist in evaluating the utility and accuracy of ILI deformation tools, and their calibration with reference to measured field dent size.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The Influence of Receptor Status on Locoregional Recurrence Risk Among Breast Cancer Patients With Positive Lymph Nodes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Mastectomy

ER, PR, and HER2 expression defines the triple negative phenotype and serves as a surrogate marker for basal-like carcinoma. Phosphorylation of the epithelial intermediate filament protein keratin 8 at serine 73 (phosphoK8) occurs during mitosis, cellular stress and apoptosis, and inversely correlates with colorectal cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to determine the prognostic value of phospho-K8 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials/Methods: Tumor specimens from 369 women with breast cancer (patient age range 25-89 years) and a median follow-up of 7.02 years were constructed into a tissue microarray. The array was stained for ER, PR, HER2, and phospho-K8. Among these, 90 specimens were of the triple negative phenotype and were the focus of this study. The results were correlated with overall, local, and distant relapse-free survival. Using multivariate analysis, the relationship between phospho-K8, other co-variables, and outcome was evaluated. Results: Positive expression of ER, PR, HER2, and phospho-K8 was detected in 61.5%, 58.3%, 12.7%, and 62.9% of all tumor specimens, respectively. In total, 35 local and 55 distant recurrences were observed. Among TNBC patients only, there were 15 local and 19 distant recurrences. In univariate analysis, among these triple negative patients, lack of phospho-K8 expression correlated with higher local recurrence and higher distant metastasis rates. At 10 years, 89.1% of women with phospho-K8 positive tumors and 70.9% of women with phospho-K8 negative tumors were local recurrence-free, respectively. At 10 years, 82.6% of women with phospho-K8 positive tumors and 60.4% of women with phospho-K8 negative tumors were distant metastasis-free, respectively. In multivariate analysis, which included T stage, nodal status, margins, and age, lack of phospho-K8 expression in triple negative phenotype patients remained a significant predictor of poor local (RR Z 3.4; 95% CI Z 1.1110.1; p Z 0.032) and distant recurrence rates (RRZ 3.7; 95% CI Z 1.409.80; p Z 0.008), but not overall survival (RR Z 1.4; 95% CI Z 0.5963.20; p Z 0.452). Conclusions: Lack of phospho-K8 expression distinguishes a set of triple negative phenotype patients at higher risk for local and distant recurrences. This data suggests that TNBC patients with phospho-K8 negative tumors may benefit from more aggressive local and systemic therapy. Further evaluation and validation of these findings in larger data sets is warranted. Author Disclosure: R. Garg: None. N. Housri: None. S. Kongara: None. H. Wu: None. D. Schiff: None. M. Moran: None. V. Karantza: None. B. Haffty: None.
Calcium clearance and its energy requirements in cerebellar neurons

Abstract Quick cytosolic calcium clearance is essential for the effective modulation of various cellular functions. An excess of cytosolic calcium after influx is largely removed via ATP-dependent mechanisms located in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, calcium clearance depends critically on the adequate supply of ATP, which may come from either glycolysis or mitochondria, or both. However, it presently remains unknown the degree to which individual ATP generating pathways – glycolysis and mitochondria power ATP-dependent calcium as well as other vital ion clearance mechanisms in neurons. In this study, we explored the relationship between the energy generating pathways and ion clearance mechanisms in neurons by characterizing the effects of glycolytic and mitochondrial inhibitors of ATP synthesis on calcium clearance kinetics in the soma, dendrites and spines. Stimulation of cultured cerebellar granule cells by brief pulses of 60 mM potassium ACSF, and electrical stimulation of purkinje cells in acutely prepared slices led to a transient calcium influx, whose clearance was largely mediated by the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase pump. Inhibition of glycolysis by deoxyglucose or iodoacetic acid resulted in a marked slowing in calcium clearance in the soma, dendrites, and spines with the spines affected the most. However, inhibition of the mitochondrial citric acid cycle with fluoroacetate and arsenite, or mitochondrial ATP synthase with oligomycin did not produce any immediate effects on calcium clearance kinetics in any of those neuronal regions. Although cytosolic calcium clearance was not affected by the inhibition of mitochondria, the magnitude of the calcium clearance delay induced by glycolytic inhibitors in different neuronal compartments was related to their mitochondrial density. Conversely, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase pump activity is fuelled by both glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP, as evidenced by a minimal change in the endoplasmic reticulum calcium contents in cells treated with either deoxyglucose supplemented with lactate or arsenite. Taken together, these data suggest that calcium clearance in cerebellar granule and purkinje cells relies on the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase, and is powered by glycolysis.
The Phenomenal Body in the Later Writings of Merleau-Ponty.

(1971). The Phenomenal Body in the Later Writings of Merleau-Ponty. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 84, No. 2, pp. 251-265.
The Mbe Growth of Widegap II-VI Injection Lasers and LEDs

Striking progress in the development of II-VI semiconductor heterostructures, coupled with seminal advances in doping, has very recently led to the first demonstration of blue and blue/green diode lasers operating from cryogenic to room temperature. The active region in these devices was based on the (Zn, Cd)Se/ZnSe multiple quantum wells (MQW) which had earlier been actively studied as a candidate for laser medium by optical pumping techniques. We report on the performance of such MQW diode lasers with emphasis on structural versatility in terms of preparation on both p-type and n-type GaAs substrates, and where sulfur is or is not incorporated for blue/green color lasing. In this work we have obtained pulsed, high power, high quantum efficiency laser emission up to near room temperature conditions. Efficient LED devices are described which operate in the blue (494nm) at room temperature.
Measuring the effect of airway pressure on pulmonary arterial diameter in the intact rat lung

To study the relationship between transpulomnary pressure (Ptp), intravascular pressure (Pv), and the pulmonary arterial tree structure, morphometric measurements of pulmonary arterial trees were made in intact lungs from Sprague-Dawley rats. Using cone beam micro-CT and techniques we developed for imaging small animal lungs, volumetric CT data were acquired for Ptp from 0 - 12 mmHg and Pv from 5 - 30 mmHg. The diameter, D (measured range approximately 0.08-2.0 mm), vs. pressure, P, relation can be described by D(P) = D(0)(1+ α P), where α is a distensibility coefficient. Unlike studies performed in larger animals, where changes in either Ptp or Pv had nearly identical effect on vessel distensibility, we found that there is only a small dependence of arterial diameter on Ptp in the rat. For example, using the above relation where P=Ptp and Pv is held constant at 12mmHg, alpha = 0.55±0.42(SE) %/mmHg, compared with when P=Pv and Ptp is held at 12mmHg, alpha = 2.59±0.17(SE) %/mmHg.
Attempts to transmit Babesia (Nuttallia) microti in laboratory mice by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.

Abstract Irvin A. D. and Brocklesby D. W. 1972. Attempts to transmit Babesia (Nuttallia) microti in laboratory mice by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus . International Journal for Parasitology , 2, 99–103. The rodent piroplasm Babesia microti is easily maintained in laboratory mice by syringe passage, but experimental tick transmission has not been successfully achieved. Attempts were made to effect experimental transmission using a tick species ( Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ) readily maintained in the laboratory. Larval ticks fed on parasitaemic mice failed to transmit infection when ground up and inoculated into clean mice. Nymphal ticks from the same batches also failed to transmit infection when applied to mice. Larval ticks applied to a rabbit into which parasitaemic blood was inoculated failed to become infected, even though the rabbit's blood remained infective for 3 days on mechanical passage into clean mice. Piroplasms were detected in the gut of engorged larvae but not in ova laid by female ticks which had engorged on parasitaemic mice.
Analysing microwave devices using a symmetric coupling of finite and boundary elements

This paper presents a symmetric coupling between the finite element and boundary element methods for analysing open microwave devices. The proposed finite element boundary element (FEBE) method is based on the E-field vector Helmholtz equation. Second-order hierarchical Curl-conforming vector finite elements over tetrahedrons are used to discretize the interior region. The boundary element (BE) truncation surface is discretized with the second-order divergence-conforming surface elements with triangular support. The symmetry of the BE part is restored through the application of the Calderon-projector. Moreover, the BE computations are accelerated using a single level QR algorithm. This reduces both memory and computational time. The resulted symmetric system of equations is solved with a very efficient preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCCG) method with a p-multiplicative Schwarz (pMUS) preconditioner. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of shock during response prevention upon resistance to extinction of an avoidance response

A recent study found that avoidance extinction is equally facilitated by response prevention (blocking) whether the latter involves CS-alone or CS-shock presentations. An experiment was performed to determine whether this result was due to the use of a lengthy shock (5 sec) during response prevention. Five groups of rats were extinguished: (1) without prior blocking, (2) after blocking with CS only, (3) after blocking with a lengthy (5 sec) CS-contingent shock, (4) after blocking with a brief (.5 sec) CS-contingent shock, or (5) after blocking with a brief (.5 sec) shock only. The group blocked with the brief CS-contingent shock was substantially more resistant to extinction than the other four groups. The unblocked group and the group blocked with brief shock only required more trials to extinguish than the groups blocked with CS only or with lengthy CS-contingent shock, but did not differ from each other. The groups blocked with CS only or with lengthy CS-contingent shock also failed to differ from one another. The data support a significant role for Pavlovian conditioning processes in the effect of response prevention upon avoidance extinction.
Program design by a multidisciplinary team

The use of software engineering aids in the design of a structural finite element analysis computer program for the CDC STAR-100 computer is described. Since members of the design team came from diverse backgrounds, both the unique features of the CDC STAR computer and structural analysis concepts and computing requirements had to be understood before design began. Nested functional diagrams to aid in communication among team members were used, and a standardized specification format to describe modules designed by various members was adopted. This is a report of work in progress where use of the functional diagrams provided continuity and helped resolve some of the problems arising in this long-running part-time project.
The Hidden Curriculum, Ethics Teaching, and the Structure of Medical Education.

The authors raise questions regarding the wide-spread calls emanating from lay and medical audiences alike to intensify the formal teaching of ethics within the medical school curriculum. In particular, they challenge a prevailing belief within the culture of medicine that while it may be possible to teach information about ethics (e.g., skills in recognizing the presence of common ethical problems, skills in ethical reasoning, or improved understanding of the language and concepts of ethics), course material or even an entire curriculum can in no way decisively influence a student's personality or ensure ethical conduct. To this end, several issues are explored, including whether medical ethics is best framed as a body of knowledge and skills or as part of one's professional identity. The authors argue that most of the critical determinants of physician identity operate not within the formal curriculum but in a more subtle, less officially recognized "hidden curriculum." The overall process of medical education is presented as a form of moral training of which formal instruction in ethics constitutes only one small piece. Finally, the authors maintain that any attempt to develop a comprehensive ethics curriculum must acknowledge the broader cultural milieu within which that curriculum must function. In conclusion, they offer recommendations on how an ethics curriculum might be more fruitfully structured to become a seamless part of the training process.
Pressure maxima in the flow of superfluid 4He in tubes.

Calculations based on the standard equations for the flow He II in tubes predict large pressure and moderate temperature maxima when the tube is long and narrow. This effect has not, to our knowledge, been previously observed. Experimental data are presented that confirm the existence of the pressure maxima in capillaries of diameter 0.3 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The measured data are in good agreement with predictions. The data validate the model equations for flow in capillaries and porous media using the bulk value of the Gorter-Mellink parameter. This effect may impact interpretations of experimental searches for size effects.
The distribution of oxidized nitrogen in urban air

This paper describes the distribution of oxidized nitrogen compounds in urban air. The studies reported here have focused on NO, NO2, PAN and NO-3. These species have been monitored for periods of several weeks at a nmber of locations throughout the U.S.A. Oxidized nitrogen distribution is discussed in terms of the daily patterns of nitrogen pollutant concentrations, the fractional conversion of NOx to products and the diurnal profile of the conversion fraction, and lastly, the contribution of the individual compounds to the overall oxidized nitrogen burden. Site to site variations in the distribution are explained by photochemical conversion, distance between the site and the source region, and the proximity of local NOx emission sources.
Wave-packet reduction as a medium of communication

Using an apparatus in which two scalers register decays from a radioactive source, an observer located near one of the scalers attempted to convey a message to an observer located near the other one by choosing to look or to refrain from looking at his scaler. The results indicate that no message was conveyed. Doubt is thereby thrown upon the hypothesis that the reduction of the wave packet is due to the interaction of the physical apparatus with the psyche of an observer. A. Einstein(1)
PRIMARY IONIZATION COEFFICIENT MEASUREMENTS IN PENNING MIXTURES

Measurements have been made of the electron ionization coefficient $\ensuremath{\eta}$ in helium-hydrogen and neon-hydrogen gas mixtures over an extended range of $\frac{E}{{p}_{0}}$ values. The present results show a variation of $\ensuremath{\eta}$ with $\frac{E}{{p}_{0}}$ and hydrogen concentration similar to that previously obtained by Kruithof and Penning for the case of neon-argon mixtures. The maximum values of $\ensuremath{\eta}$ observed of 0.0302 and 0.0285 ${\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ were obtained for hydrogen concentrations of 0.1% and at $\frac{E}{{p}_{0}}$ (V/cm\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}Torr) values of 15.0 and 3.0 for helium-hydrogen and neon-hydrogen mixtures, respectively. Comparison is made of these results with the neon-argon measurements of Kruithof and Penning. In addition, the present data are compared with ionization measurements obtained using other techniques.
Developing high brightness and high current beams for HIF injectors

The U.S. Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory is continuing research into ion sources and injectors that simultaneously provide high current (0.5-1.0 A) and high brightness (normalized emittance better than 1.0 π-mm-mr). The central issue of focus is whether to continue pursuing the traditional approach of large surface ionization sources or to adopt a multiaperture approach that transports many smaller beamlets separately at low energies before allowing them to merge. For the large surface source concept, the recent commissioning of the 2-MeV injector for the High Current eXperiment has increased our understanding of the beam quality limitations for these sources. We have also improved our techniques for fabricating large diameter aluminosilicate sources to improve lifetime and emission uniformity. For the multiaperture approach, we are continuing to study the feasibility of small surface sources and a RF-induced plasma source in preparation for beamlet merging experiments, while continuing to run computer simulations for better understanding of this alternate concept. Experiments into both architectures will be performed on a newly commissioned ion source test stand at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory called STS-500. This stand test provides a platform for testing a variety of ion sources and accelerating structures with 500-kV, 17-μs pulses. Recent progress in these areas is discussed as well as plans for future experiments.
U.S. casino revenue taxes and short-run labor outcomes

Abstract This study examines the effect of casino tax rate levels on short-run labor decisions by casino firms. Using a panel data set consisting of all states with legal commercial casino gambling from 1998 to 2009, a 2SLS fixed-effect model that also uses aggregate and sin-based excise taxes as instruments is estimated. We find that maximum casino tax rates negatively affect casino employment with an inelastic average effect of −0.6. We estimate state tax revenue changes per employee from a 1% increase in the gross gaming revenue tax, finding that states with comparatively low tax rates could increase public revenue with relatively small losses in employment. Nevada, New Jersey, and South Dakota – each with maximum tax rates currently below 10% – could increase tax revenue by more than $430,000 per estimated employee lost from the tax change. Results from this study should be included in future analysis of casino tax impacts on economic efficiency.
Multidimensional random walks in random environments with subclassical limiting behavior

In this paper we will describe and analyze a class of multidimensional random walks in random environments which contain the one dimensional nearest neighbor situation as a special case and have the pleasant feature that quite a lot can be said about them. Our results make rigorous a heuristic argument of Marinari et al. (1983), and show that in anyd<∞ we can have (a)Xn is recurrent and (b)Xn∼(logn)2.
The Thesis, the Pendulum and the Battlefield.

The debate over the design thesis is often entangled in the dialectics of the practical and the theoretical. Whether the argument is waged and weighted in favour of a practical emphasis or a theoretical emphasis, or more insidious, a judicious balance between the two, what is inevitably assumed in the debate is the possibility of drawing and/or locating a dividing line between the practical and the theoretical. This article explores the inherent contradictions of this dichotomy, that make the traditional definition of thesis – a theorem or a hypothesis regarding the nature of the phenomenon under investigation – a problematic definition for architecture. Inasmuch as architecture is, in each iteration, a cultural construct, it is always and already the formal expression or embodiment of a theory. To avoid the tautology of positing a theorem about a theorem or a hypothesis regarding a hypothesis, the design thesis may be defined, not as a theorem or a hypothesis, but as an analytical posture assumed or a critical stance taken on the theorem that is or should be the phenomenon under investigation. In this case, the question to ask at the outset of a design thesis is not what patent ‘theory’ should the proposed building speak of, but what arcane theory does its type historically hide under the rubrics of ‘function’ or ‘practical’ requirements? It must begin, in other words, by de-familiarising the familiar.
State Health Insurance Regulations and the Price of High-Deductible Policies

This study examines the impact of state health insurance regulations on the price of high-deductible family and individual polices in the nongroup market. We use a unique and rich data set on actual insurance policies sold through a large Internet health insurance distributor to examine the impact of various regulations on policy prices, controlling for policy characteristics, demographic characteristics of the purchasers, and state-level demographics. We also use data from a single major insurance firm that provided offer prices for a family policy from a set of randomly selected zip codes. Both datasets suggest a strong statistical relationship between regulation and insurance prices.
Learning Second Language Grammar Rules: An Experiment with a Miniature Linguistic System.

This is a report on a computerized experiment with a miniature linguistic system, consisting of five morphological rules and a lexicon of 98 words. Two hypotheses derived from the literature in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics were tested: that explicit-deductive learning would be better than implicit-inductive learning for straightforward (“categorical”) rules, and that implicit-inductive learning would be better than explicit-deductive learning for fuzzy rules (“prototypicality patterns”). Implicit-inductive learning was implemented by pairing sentences with color pictures; explicit-deductive learning was implemented by means of traditional grammar rule presentation, followed by picture-sentence pairing. The findings were in the expected direction for both hypotheses, but only the first one could be confirmed through statistically significant results.
Morphological changes in the cochlear nucleus of congenitally deaf white cats

Investigations in animal models and humans have indicated that congenital deafness produces degenerative changes in the central auditory pathway. The cochlear nucleus is the first central structure that receives cochlear input, and may be considered the origin of ascending auditory pathways. In this context, we studied congenitally deaf white cats, who express early onset cochlear receptor loss, in order to assess the nature of structural changes in cells of the cochlear nucleus. It is conceivable that pathologic alterations in higher auditory structures are transneuronally distributed through this nucleus. The cochlear nuclei of nonwhite cats with normal hearing were compared to those of deaf white cats exhibiting hearing loss in excess of 70 dB SPL. The cochlear nuclei of the deaf white cats were smaller in volume by roughly 50%, with the ventral and dorsal divisions being equally affected. Cell body silhouette area was determined for spherical bushy cells of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), pyramidal cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), sensory neurons from the principal trigeminal nucleus, and motoneurons of the facial nucleus. We found no statistical difference in neuronal cell body size between nonauditory neurons of these two groups of cats, whereas auditory neurons of deaf white cats were 30.8-39.4% smaller than those of normal cats. These data imply that neuronal changes in congenitally deaf cats are specific to the auditory pathway. Although cochlear nucleus volume loss was uniform for both divisions, there was a differential effect on cell density: AVCN cell density increased by 40%, whereas DCN cell density was relatively unaffected (10% increase). Astrocyte density was also greater in the AVCN (52%) compared to that in the DCN (5%). These observations reveal a differential impact on cells in the cochlear nucleus to congenital deafness, suggesting selective processing impairment at this level. If similar patterns of degeneration occur in humans, such pathologies may underlie reduced processing of input from cochlear implants in congenitally deaf adults.
Modelling and analysis of risk and reliability for a contingency logistics supply chain

Contingency logistic supply chain design and performance are very important for rare events such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and other emergency conditions. Although there is ample work on the evaluation of supply chain systems in terms of their profitability and efficiency, there is little work on the effectiveness of the response time of the supply chain, as well as quantitative measures for the robustness of the design and the reliability of the supply chain. Depending on the contingency, the perceived risk may be different for different situations. The level of risk aversion is dependent on the decision maker and the uncertainties associated with the supply and demand for the contingency. In this study the risk associated with shortages due to the uncertainties in supply and demand in the supply chain are modelled using distortion. In addition, a numerical analysis is performed and the sensitivity of the parameters in a contingency logistic supply chain is analysed. Methods to improve the...
SURFACE TENSION OF SERUM XV. THE THICKNESS OF THE MONOLAYER OF RABBIT PLASMA.

Experiments are reported which indicate that a shift toward higher concentrations is observed in the minimum value of the static surface tension when plasma instead of serum solutions is used. The amount of the shift, expressed as a function of the concentration, shows that the figures are in satisfactory agreement with the determined amount of fibrinogen in the plasma. Some evidence is given that "plasma molecules" capable of organizing themselves on adsorbing surfaces exist in plasma, and that their length would be approximately 4.3 mµin round figures,instead of 4.0 mµ for the serum. The area occupied in the plane of adsorption by one individual molecule is, however, smaller than that occupied by the "serum molecule," thus indicating a marked structural difference between the two, the "plasma molecule" being narrower but longer than the "serum molecule." This difference may be due either to a different orientation accompanied by an increase in one of the dimensions, or else to an actual difference in structure with respect to the main axis, resulting in a decrease in the mean diameter of the "serum molecule" with an increase in the length of its main axis. The mass of the "plasma molecule" is about 6.3 per cent larger than that of the "serum molecule, " in the case of rabbit serum.
Integrated automotive sensors

Focuses on automotive applications and discusses the development of a suite of integrated radar and IR sensors that can be used to surround a vehicle (car, truck, boat, etc.). The primary function is to provide information to the vehicle systems and operator as enhancements to passenger and vehicle safety. It may also provide vehicle information (speed, location, destination, etc.) and integrate information (weather, road/traffic conditions, service/rest-area location, route details, etc.) from an intelligent vehicle highway system.
Epidermal growth factor reduces resistance to doxorubicin

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased the sensitivity to doxorubicin (DOX) of a human squamous carcinoma cell line, A431. The relative enhancement of sensitivity by EGF was greater in 2 DOX-resistant sublines, A431/A5 and A431/A10, established by growing cells from surviving colonies after treatment of A431 cells with DOX. A greater number of EGF receptors (both high- and low-affinity binding sites) was found for resistant A431/A5 and A431/A10 cells than for parental cells. The enhanced drug responsiveness is not directly related to EGF effects on growth, as growth inhibition by EGF appears to be similar among the 3 sublines.
On the structure of glassy polymers. III. Small‐angle x‐ray scattering from amorphous polyethylene terephthalate

The small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) from glassy polyethylene terephthalate has been measured using a Bonse–Hart system. The data cover the angular range (2θ) between 20 sec and 2 deg. After correcting for absorption, background, and beam divergence, the data have been placed on an absolute basis by comparison with the scattering from a standard silica suspension. The corrected absolute intensity decreases strongly with increasing angle over the range between 20 sec and 15 min, decreases more gradually in the range between 15 min and 45 min, and reaches a nearly constant asymptotic value over the range between 45 min and 2 deg. The magnitude of the scattering in the constant range, about 0.4 (electrons)2 A−3, is very close to the value predicted by the thermodynamic fluctuation theory for fluids applied at the glass-transition temperature [0.34 (electrons)2 A−3]. The increase in intensity at angles smaller than about 45 min cannot be described by structures on the scale and volume fraction of the nodules reported in amorphous PET (50–100 A), but can be well represented by small concentrations of heterogeneities, ranging in size from 100 to 2000 Angstroms, superimposed on the thermal density fluctuations frozen-in at the glass transition. The bulk structure of this material seems well described as a random amorphous solid, containing simple thermal fluctuations and a small concentration (<1 vol-%) of heterogeneities covering a range of sizes. The heterogeneities in the small end of the range may well be crystallites which formed on cooling.
A ground-radar view of Japanese burial mounds

Ground radar investigates shallow archaeological features in burial mounds of the Kofun Period (300-700 AD) in Japan. A variety of analytical methods – time slices, synthetic radargrams simulated from model structures, and 3-D depth constructions – are used to interpret the profiles, to reveal the location, depth and shapes of buried features.
HINT: High-quality protein interactomes and their applications in understanding human disease

A global map of protein-protein interactions in cellular systems provides key insights into the workings of an organism. A repository of well-validated high-quality protein-protein interactions can be used in both large- and small-scale studies to generate and validate a wide range of functional hypotheses. We develop HINT ( http://hint.yulab.org ) - a database of high-quality protein-protein interactomes for human, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Oryza sativa. These were collected from several databases and filtered both systematically and manually to remove low-quality/erroneous interactions. The resulting datasets are classified by type (binary physical interactions vs. co-complex associations) and data source (high-throughput systematic setups vs. literature-curated small-scale experiments). We find strong sociological sampling biases in literature-curated datasets of small-scale interactions. An interactome without such sampling biases was used to understand network properties of human disease-genes - hubs are unlikely to cause disease, but if they do, they usually cause multiple disorders. HINT is of significant interest to researchers in all fields of biology as it addresses the ubiquitous need of having a repository of high-quality protein-protein interactions. These datasets can be utilized to generate specific hypotheses about specific proteins and/or pathways, as well as analyzing global properties of cellular networks. HINT will be regularly updated and all versions will be tracked.
Actin and Microtubule-Based Cytoskeletal Cues Direct Polarized Targeting of Proteins in Neurons

Neuronal proteins are transported to either the axon or dendrites through the action of kinesin motors; however, understanding of how cytoskeletal elements steer these cargo-motor complexes to one compartment or the other has remained elusive. Three recent developments—the discovery of an actin-based filter within the axon initial segment, the identification of the pivotal role played by myosin motors in dendritic targeting, and the determination of the properties of a kinesin motor that cause it to prefer axonal to dendritic microtubules—have now provided a structural framework for understanding polarized targeting in neurons.
Effect of direct stenting on clinical outcome in patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention on saphenous vein graft

Abstract Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of saphenous vein graft (SVG) is associated with frequent postprocedural enzyme elevation and late cardiac events. New strategies are proposed to minimize distal embolization and to improve the outcome of patients treated with stenting for SVG lesions. The objectives of the current study were to examine direct stenting (DS) strategy of PCI in SVG lesions and its effects on creatine-kinase (CK) release, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and late outcome when compared to conventional stenting (CS). Methods A consecutive series of 527 patients treated with stent implantation for SVG stenosis was analyzed. In this cohort, 170 patients with 229 lesions were treated with DS and 357 patients with 443 lesions were treated with CS. The inhospital and 12-month follow-up events were recorded and reported. Results Baseline clinical and postprocedural angiographic characteristics were similar between the 2 groups except for higher preprocedural prevalence of thrombus-containing lesions in the DS group. Patients in the DS group had less CK-MB release ( P P = .024). Multivariate analysis detected unstable angina (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, P = .03) as a correlate for non-Q–wave MI; DS was inversely associated with non-Q–wave myocardial infarction (OR = 0.65, P = .04). At 1 year, the target lesion revascularization-MACE was significantly lower in the DS group ( P = .021). Multivariate analysis showed that DS (OR = 0.47, P = .007) was associated with reduction of the target lesion revascularization-MACE. Conclusions When feasible, DS may be the best approach for treating SVG stenosis.
Water Soluble Polyanilines: Properties and Applications

A new class of water soluble conducting polyanilincs have been developed. This is accomplished by oxidatively polymerizing aniline monomers on a template such as a polymeric acid. The resulting polyanilines readily dissolve in water. These materials can be applied as removable discharge layers for electron-beam (e-beam) lithography and for SEM mask metrology. Cross-linkable functionality can be incorporated on the polyanilinc backbone resulting in water soluble polyanilines that are radiation curable. Upon irradiation these materials cross-link and become insoluble and thus can be utilized as permanent conducting coatings for electrostatic discharge (ESD) applications. In addition, the cross-linkable polyanilines can be made into water developable conducting resists. 1.0μm conducting lines have been patterned with e-bcam irradiation.
CNC Machine Accuracy Enhancement Through Real-Time Error Compensation

Improving CNC machine tool accuracy has received significant attention recently. This paper intends to provide an introduction of the real-time error compensation methods as applied to reduce both geometric and thermally induced quasistatic machine tool errors. An illustrative example is used to demonstrate the use of error compensation systems for a horizontal machining center. Although several industrial applications of these error compensation systems have achieved significant results, a few major barriers have prevented this promising technology from being applied widely in manufacturing. Several ongoing research activities aimed at overcoming the barriers are also presented.
Null probability, dominance and rotation

New arguments against Bayesian regularity and an otherwise plausible domination principle are offered on the basis of rotational symmetry. The arguments against Bayesian regularity work in very general settings.
Propositional Structure: The Understanding of Reasoning

It is now time to formulate a number of basic principles of logical theorizing. Logic is conceived here, of course, as the theory of reasoning. In this chapter we shall be concerned with only one of its two main problems.
Agency in Organizational Inequality: Organizational Behavior and Individual Perceptions of Discrimination

This study takes an agency approach to inequality, examining how employees interpret organizational practices. By interpreting organizational behavior as discriminatory, employees mobilize the law and inject agency into inequality processes, albeit cognitively. Employees with disabilities interpreted discrimination based on their individual characteristics, organizational context and procedures, and their opportunities for training. Employees who worked in organizations that were focused on disability issues or who were offered opportunities for training were less likely to perceive discrimination. Employees who worked in organizations with grievance procedures were more likely to perceive discrimination. Disability-related human resource management structures played a symbolic role with little influence on employees' perceptions of discrimination.