cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ischemic arm pain and dexoxadrol

In nine subjects representing a majority (75 percent) of the population tested, ten milligrams of Dexoxadrol combined with 600 mg of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was essentially equivalent to 20 or 30 mg of Dexoxadrol pooled sample when tested by ischemic arm method, both doses being significantly more potent than ASA alone one hour after dosage. Three hours after dosage, all doses of Dexoxadrol were still significantly above ASA alone or lactose placebo indicating a more prolonged action of this drug. The stimulating effect of lactose placebo is postulated to explain the temporary rise (1 h) noted by use of this substance. When all twelve subjects are considered, because of three negative reactors, only statistically significant differences between ten milligrams of Dexoxadrol plus 600 mg of ASA are distinguishable from ASA alone or placebo at the end of one hour. At all dosage levels some side effects similar to alcohol were noted, numbness, dizziness, drowsiness, etc., as described by (LASAGNA and PEARSON, 1965). The 30 and 20 mg dosage produced more prominent psychic effects, while the 10 mg dosage with ASA produced a minimum of such effects and was virtually as effective as the higher dosage in nine of twelve subjects.
Ein interessanter Fall von Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda

1. Im vorliegenden Fall handelt es sich um eine Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda, wie histologisch nachgewiesen werden konnte. Dieser Prozes beschranktc sich blos auf die beiden Schienbeine und verursachte die hochgradige Verbiegung derselben. 2. Bemerkenswert ist, das neben dem typischen histologischen Bild der Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda nur eine Fraktur in der Vorgeschichte nachzusweisen ist. Da aber die Knochenbruchigkeit, wie dies der erste Operationsbefund bestatigte, vorhanden war, wird angenommen, das in leichten Fallen dieser Erkrankung nicht unbedingt mehrere Spontanfrakturen auftreten mussen. In solchen Fallen kann die richtige Diagnosestellung auserst schwierig sein. 3. Neben unzweifelhaften Zeichen der Osteogenesis imperfecta tarda weist das Rontgenbild auch Veranderungen auf, die auf die Ostitis fibrosa-Gruppe hindeuten. 4. Durch doppelseitige keilformige Osteotomie der Schieneine sind diese vollkommen gerade gerichtet worden. Die Osteotomiestellen sind vollig fest zusammengeheilt und nach l1/2 jahriger Beobachtung zeigen die Rontgenbilder eine entschiedene Ausheilung beider Knochenerkrankungen.
Cultural Anthropology of the Penn State Tragedy

The essay uses the theoretical-methodological strategy of notes and listing (following the practices of Susan Sontag and Umberto Eco, among others) to illuminate particular, unique historical and cultural-anthropological aspects of the Jerry Sandusky-Penn State scandal/tragedy. Special attention is devoted in the essay to critique of depictions of the Catholic Church, ancient Greece, the “unsayable,” and social memory in regard to their links to the Penn State tragedy. Tribute is paid to those such as Murray Sperber, Michael Berube and Cary Nelson, whose scholarly activism foresaw and attempted 0to prevent such a scandal. Influenced by ideas about ritual forwarded by Seligman, Weller, Piett and Simon, ultimately the essay seeks to forward a distinctive understanding of the nature of sport that goes against common scholarly and popular beliefs.
Di-ionizable p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-1,2-crown-4 ligands : synthesis and high divalent metal ion extraction selectivity

Abstract Di-ionizable p - tert -butylcalix[4]arene-1,2-crown-4 ethers in the cone conformation are synthesized with their conformation and regioselectivity verified by NMR spectroscopy. The new ligands are efficient extractants with high selectivity for Ba 2+ in competitive solvent extraction of alkaline earth metal cations from aqueous solutions into chloroform.
Molecular dynamics simulation of deposition of nickel nanocluster on copper surface

The burrowing of nickel nanocluster deposited onto the copper surface is investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The simulation is carried out at different temperatures for 40.1 ns with three different lattice orientations Cu(100), Cu(110), and Cu(111) that have 20 × 20 × 15, 14 × 14 × 15, and 12 × 14 × 9 lattice units, respectively. The Ni(100) nanocluster consists of 249 atoms (five lattices diameter) and the initial kinetic energy is assigned to be 0 eV. The results show that the burrowing process goes extremely slow as temperature is at or under 900 K. There is virtually no burrowing observed when the system temperature is below 500 K. The burrowing processes at different temperatures are discussed in terms of kinetic energy of the cluster exerted by the strong capillary force. It is found that the kinetic energy will play a key role in the acceleration of the burrowing process.
The effects of methane-debris molecules on the frictional properties of diamond

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to examine the friction between two surfaces placed in sliding contact. These simulations show that the presence of methane-debris molecules squeezed between two hydrogen-terminated diamond (111) surfaces significantly reduces the friction compared to the same two surfaces in the absence of debris. These findings are in agreement with macroscopic experiments that have examined the friction of diamond on diamond in the presence of debris. In addition, the friction coefficients are significantly lower compared to the same system with methyl groups chemisorbed to one of the diamond surfaces.
Pandemic Disease: A Past and Future Challenge to Governance in the United States

Throughout history, pandemics have posed significant challenges to governments. Examination of the ways that governments have responded to pandemics can contribute to the U.S. government's ability to react in the future. We utilize past cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and multiple forms of influenza to identify specific challenges governments have faced. Based on that knowledge, we discuss the major issues that the United States will have to address in the event of a future pandemic.
Male Donor-derived Cells in the Brains of Female Sex-mismatched Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients: A Y-Chromosome Specific In situ Hybridization Study

In five female bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients of sex-mismatched donor marrow, Y-chromosome specific in situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the medulla to detect the male donor marrow-derived cells. Y-chromosome-bearing cells (Y-cells), thereby donor-derived, were matched with leukocyte common antigen (LCA)-reactive cells in adjacent sections immunostained with anti-LCA antibody. Y-cells included mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) within the vessel lumen and infiltrating the perivascular space and parenchyma, and "perivascular cells." We have, therefore, concluded that donor marrow-derived MNL, though limited in number, do enter the normal-appearing brain and can transform to "perivascular cells" in human BMT recipients. It remains, however, to be confirmed whether MNL entering the normal adult CNS parenchyma transform to ramified microglia.
Evaluators' Perceptions of Teachers' Use of Behavior Alteration Techniques.

Research on teachers' communication of power in the classroom has focused on message based strategies that teachers and students perceive to influence students to engage in on‐task behaviors. The present study sought to determine which of these message based strategies evaluators of teachers perceive are commonly used by good, average, and poor teachers. This study also sought to determine if the strategies that evaluators find commonly used by teachers are similar to those reported by teachers and students.
Software quality estimation with limited fault data: a semi-supervised learning perspective

We addresses the important problem of software quality analysis when there is limited software fault or fault-proneness data. A software quality model is typically trained using software measurement and fault data obtained from a previous release or similar project. Such an approach assumes that fault data is available for all the training modules. Various issues in software development may limit the availability of fault-proneness data for all the training modules. Consequently, the available labeled training dataset is such that the trained software quality model may not provide predictions. More specifically, the small set of modules with known fault-proneness labels is not sufficient for capturing the software quality trends of the project. We investigate semi-supervised learning with the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for software quality estimation with limited fault-proneness data. The hypothesis is that knowledge stored in software attributes of the unlabeled program modules will aid in improving software quality estimation. Software data collected from a large NASA software project is used during the semi-supervised learning process. The software quality model is evaluated with multiple test datasets collected from other NASA software projects. Compared to software quality models trained only with the available set of labeled program modules, the EM-based semi-supervised learning scheme improves generalization performance of the software quality models.
Definition of pediatric asthma and associated risk factors.

Significant advances have been made in recent years in understanding the different ways in which asthma is expressed during childhood. There is a large group of children (20% of the population) who present with wheezing during viral infections during the first 3 years of life but whose symptoms disappear after this age. These children do not have any of the important risk factors associated with asthma in later childhood (high serum IgE levels, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, family history of asthma). The main characteristic associated with this condition is reduced lung function, which can be detected before these illnesses develop. It has been suggested that there is nothing unusual or characteristic in the immune response to viruses in these children, but it would appear that these children have narrower intrapulmonary airways. A second group of young children (10% of the population), who also wheeze during viral infections, present with most of the risk factors associated with asthma in later childhood. In this group of children symptoms tend to persist with age. It appears that in these children the immune response to viruses is characterized by a predominance of TH2-like cells. This suggests that their early wheezing is the expression of asthma because a TH2-like response to allergens and viruses is a characteristic found in most asthmatic children. A better understanding of the different types of childhood asthma, together with development of accurate prognostic tests, may be decisive in determining adequate strategies for prevention and treatment of the condition. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 1997; Supplement 15:9–12. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of source integration on the geochemical fluxes from springs

Geochemical fluxes from watersheds are typically defined using mass-balance methods that essentially lump all weathering processes operative in a watershed into a single flux of solute mass measured in streamflow at the watershed outlet. However, it is important that we understand how weathering processes in different hydrological zones of a watershed (i.e., surface, unsaturated, and saturated zones) contribute to the total geochemical flux from the watershed. This capability will improve understanding of how geochemical fluxes from these different zones may change in response to climate change. Here, the geochemical flux from weathering processes occurring solely in the saturated zone is investigated. This task, however, remains exceedingly difficult due to the sparsity of subsurface sampling points, especially in large, remote, and/or undeveloped watersheds. In such cases, springflow is often assumed to be a proxy for groundwater (defined as water residing in fully saturated geologic formations). However, springflow generation may integrate different sources of water including, but not limited to, groundwater. The authors’ hypothesis is that long-term estimates of geochemical fluxes from groundwater using springflow proxies will be too large due to the integrative nature of springflow generation. Two conceptual models of springflow generation are tested using endmember mixing analyses (EMMA) on observations of spring chemistries and stable isotopic compositions in a large alpine watershed in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. In the “total springflow” conceptual model, springflow is assumed to be 100% groundwater. In the “fractional springflow” conceptual model, springflow is assumed to be an integration of different sources of water (e.g., groundwater, unsaturated flow, preferential flow in the soil, etc.) and groundwater is only a fractional component. The results indicate that groundwater contributions in springflow range from 2% to 100% overall and no springs are consistently composed of 100% groundwater; providing support for the fractional springflow conceptual model. Groundwater contributions are not strongly correlated with elevation, spring contributing area, spring discharge, or seasonality. This variability has a profound effect on long-term geochemical fluxes. The geochemical fluxes for total springflow overestimate long-term solute release by 22–48% as compared to fractional springflow. These findings illustrate that springflow generation, like streamflow generation, integrates many different sources of water reflecting solute concentrations obtained along many different geochemical weathering pathways. These data suggest that springs are not always ideal proxies for groundwater. Springs may be integrating very distinct portions of the groundwater flow field and these groundwater contributions may become mixed at the spring emergence with much younger sources of water that have never resided in the groundwater system.
788-1 The 6-Minute Walk Test Predicts Maximal Oxygen Consumption and Survival in Advanced Heart Failure

Although maximal oxygen consumption (MVO2) is useful in predicting prognosis and need for cardiac transplantation (TX) in patients with advanced heart failure (HF), its determination requires sophisticated equipment. The six-minute walk test (6-MW) is a simple indirect measure of functional capacity, and predicts survival in moderate HF To assess the predictive value of the 6-MW, MVO2, and percent predicted age-sex adjusted MVO2 (%MVO2) in advanced HF, 45 pts (age 49 ± 8 yrs mean ± SD, LVEF 0.20 ± 0.06, RVEF 0.31 ± 0.11) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (cycle ergometry) and the 6-MW during TX evaluation. Mean 6-MW distance ambulated was 310 ± 100 meters, MV02 12.2 ± 4.5 ml/kg/min, and %MVO2 38 ± 11%. Multivariate analysis of patient characteristics, resting hemodynamics and 6-MW (age, sex, weight, peak HR and BP during the 6-MW, right and left ventricular ejection fraction, right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, and cardiac index) identified distance ambulated during the 6-MW as the strongest predictor of MVO2 (p l 0.000) and %MVO2 (p l 0.000). In univariate survival analysis, 6-MW g 300 meters predicted survival to the combined end-point death or hospital admission for inotropic/mechanical support (IN) as a bridge to TX (p l 0.05). but not overall survival (p = 0.075). In multivariate proportional hazards survival analysis designed to compare %MVO2, MVO2, and 6-MW, MVO2 was selected as the best predictor of overall survival, and %MVO2 as the best predictor of IN-free survival. 6-MW was not selected in any multivariate analysis. Conclusions In pts with advanced HF evaluated for TX, distance ambulated during the 6-MW predicts 1) MVO2 and %MVO2 and 2) IN-free survival but not overall survival. MVO2 and %MVO2 may be superior to the 6-MW as predictors of survival in these pts: however, further studies to es1ablish the prognostic utility of the 6-MW in pts with advanced HF are warranted.
Murine and chicken chondrocytes regulate osteoclastogenesis by producing RANKL in response to BMP2

Chondrocytes express RANKL, but their role in osteoclastogenesis is not clear. We report that hypertrophic chondrocytes induce osteoclast formation through RANKL production stimulated by BMP2 and Runx2/Smad1 and thus they may regulate resorption of calcified matrix by osteoclasts at growth plates. Introduction Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and Runx2 regulate chondrogenesis during bone development and fracture repair and RANKL expression by osteoblast/stromal cells. Chondrocytes express RANKL, and this expression is stimulated by vitamin D3, but it is not known if chondrocytes directly support osteoclast formation or if BMPs or Runx2 is involved in this potential regulation of osteoclastogenesis.
Outstanding Paper Award: Fair Lateness Scheduling: Reducing Maximum Lateness in G-EDF-Like Scheduling

Existing research in soft real-time scheduling has focused on determining tardiness bounds given a scheduling algorithm. In this paper, we study lateness bounds, which are related to tardiness bounds, and propose a scheduling algorithm to minimize lateness bounds, namely the global fair lateness (G-FL) algorithm. G-FL is a G-EDF-like scheduler, but has lower maximum lateness bounds than GEDF. Due to its G-EDF-like nature, it can be used within existing systems that implement arbitrary-deadline G-EDF, and with existing synchronization protocols. Therefore, we argue that G-FL should replace G-EDF for SRT applications.
Women in Hospitality Management: General Managers’ Perceptions of Factors Related to Career Development

Abstract A descriptive study was undertaken to learn more about women's career development in the hospitality industry from general managers' perspectives. The primary purpose of the study was to identify the communication skills and job-related activities that were perceived to have contributed most significantly to individuals' advancement, and to determine any differences between men's and women's perceptions regarding the most essential competencies and behaviors for advancement in the hospitality industry. Both groups rated the significance of eight potential obstacles to women's career development. Demographic information was gathered to determine whether significant differences existed between the samples of men and women. The samples of both men and women ranked listening competence as the most important communication skill for career advancement in the hospitality industry, followed by group leadership skills. Perceptions regarding the behaviors and/or circumstances that contributed to career development were also similar between the two groups; both ranked (1) hard work, (2) a positive attitude and (3) communication effectiveness as the three most essential items. The only significant difference between the two groups was with regard to the role mentoring played in mens' and womens' career development. The relative ranking of various obstacles to women's career development was similar between the samples of men and women; however, significant differences existed in the degree to which each group felt these items posed a problem to women in hospitality management.
Molecular Findings in Symptomatic and Pre-Symptomatic Alexander Disease Patients

Background and objective Alexander disease is a slowly progressive CNS disorder that most commonly occurs in children. Until recently, the diagnosis could only be established by the histologic finding of Rosenthal fibers in brain specimens. Mutations in the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene have now been shown in a number of biopsy- or autopsy-proven patients with Alexander disease. A prospective study on patients suspected to have Alexander disease was conducted to determine the extent to which clinical and MRI criteria could accurately diagnose affected individuals, using GFAP gene sequencing as the confirmatory assay. Methods Patients who showed MRI white matter abnormalities consistent with Alexander disease, unremarkable family history, normal karyotype, and normal metabolic screening were included in this study. Genomic DNA from patients was screened for mutations in the entire coding region, including the exon-intron boundaries, of the GFAP gene. Results Twelve of 13 patients (approximately 90%) were found to have mutations in GFAP. Seven of those 12 patients presented in infancy with seizures and megalencephaly. Five were juvenile-onset patients with more variable symptoms. Two patients in the latter group were asymptomatic or minimally affected at the time of their initial MRI scan. The mutations were distributed throughout the gene, and all involved sporadic single amino acid heterozygous changes that changed the charge of the mutant protein. Four of the nine changes were novel mutations. Conclusions In symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with a predominantly frontal leukoencephalopathy by MRI, GFAP gene mutation analysis should be included in the initial diagnostic evaluation process for Alexander disease.
TU‐C‐224C‐08: Design of a Small Radiation Facility for Radiobiology Studies

Purpose: To design a small radiation facility for the partial‐ and fully ‐ body irradiation of zebrafish embryos, cell cultures or any other small specimen used for radiobiology studies. Method and Materials: Zebrafish embryos larger than 1mm are the main animal to be irradiated in this micro‐irradiator. Radiation is provided by a 50 kV photon beam from a miniature x‐ray source, Xoft Inc., CA. Radiation field is delimited by a pinhole collimator. Diameter of the pinhole ranges from 0.5mm. A movable table and a video camera connected to a computer are used to position the specimen under the beam. Radiochromic film has been irradiated to test positional accuracy and dose distribution. Results: Coordinates of the position of the zebrafish with respect to the collimator are calculated from the image provided by the video camera and sent to the computer‐controlled movable table to position the specimen under the beam. The micro‐irradiator is totally portable and it can fit on the desktop. Positioning can be acquired with uncertainties of 50 μm in X and Y axis. Collimator design and portable shielding reduce both primary beam and scattering at safe radiation levels. Dose distribution is good enough for zebrafish irradiation and penumbra is in the order of 150μm ± 50μm. Conclusion: The designed micro‐irradiator has attractive characteristics to facilitate zebrafish irradiation. Its portability and shielding simplicity make it adequate for any radiobiology laboratory. Its uncertainty in positioning is significantly smaller than zebrafish embryo size and radiation penumbra is acceptable for specimen larger than 1mm. This novel micro‐irradiator design is appropriate for irradiation of partial‐and fully‐ body zebrafish, cell cultures and any other small specimen used in radiobiology.
Experimental Measurement of Fiber/Fiber Interaction using Micro Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract Understanding the stress concentrations that develop due to fiber failure in multi-fiber composites is crucial because it dictates the failure mode and toughness of a composite. Composites with strong fiber/fiber interaction (high stress concentrations) are often brittle while those with low fiber/fiber interaction are more ductile. In this study, the effect of fiber failure on neighboring fibers in graphite/epoxy composites was studied using Micro Raman Spectroscopy (MRS). The effect of interphase toughness and strength on the stress concentration factor (SCF) and the radius of the zone of influence, r∞ was studied. It was found that the toughness of the interphase strongly affects SCF and r∞ A brittle interphase was found to reduce r∞ from 30 fiber diameters to 20 and caused SCF to drop more rapidly with inter-fiber distance. The maximum value of SCF was not affected by the toughness of the interphase and was found to be 1.46 ± 0.05. On the other hand, a 50% decrease in the interfacial shear stress (from 40 MPa to 20 MPa) resulted in a further reduction in r∞ down to 10 fiber diameters and a reduction in the maximum SCF to 1.16 ± 0.05. The results are explained and discussed from both micromechanics and energy viewpoints.
Development of low-chromium, chromium-tungsten steels for fusion

Abstract High-chromium (9–12% Cr) CrMo and CrW ferritic steels are favored as candidates for fusion applications. In early work to develop reduced-activation steels, an Fe2.25Cr2W-0.25V-O.1C steel (designated 2.25Cr-2WV) had better strength than an Fe9Cr2W-0.25V-0.07Tra-0.1C (9Cr-2WVTa) steel (compositions are in weight percent). However, the 2.25Cr-2WV had poor impact properties, as determined by the ductile-brittle transition temperature and upper-shelf energy of subsize Charpy impact specimens. Because low-chromium steels have some advantages over high-chromium steels, a program to develop low-chromium steels is in progress. Microstructural analysis indicated that the reason for the inferior impact toughness of the 2.25Cr-2WV was the granular bainite obtained when the steel was normalized. Properties can be improved by developing an acicular bainite microstructure by increasing the cooling rate after austenitization. Alternatively, acicular bainite can be promoted by increasing the hardenability. Hardenability was changed by adding small amounts of boron and additional chromium to the 2.250-2WV composition. A combination of B, Cr, and Ta additions resulted in low-chromium reduced-activation steels with mechanical properties comparable to those of 9Cr-2WVTa.
Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Diagnosed after Uterine Morcellation in Laparoscopic Supracervical Hysterectomy

Endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare uterine cancer with no reliable method for preoperative diagnosis. A 30-year-old parous woman underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy because of a leiomyoma. The uterus was removed from the abdominal cavity with an electric morcellator with a spinning blade. The pathology report revealed low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma. Two months after the initial surgery, a second laparoscopic procedure was performed. The final pathology report confirmed low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma involving the ovary, fallopian tube, and ovarian artery. It was concluded that morcellation of leiomyomas at laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy may potentially increase metastasis if the tumor is a sarcoma.
Telepractice is a new method for providing services to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): This scoping review summarizes existing research and identifies research gaps

This review provides a summary and appraisal commentary on the treatment review by Boisvert, M.,& Lang, R., Andrianopoulos, M., & Boscardin, M. L. (2010). Telepractice in the assessment and treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 13(6), 423–432. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: This study was supported by the funding from the United States Department of Education to the University of Massachusetts. The original authors of this review report no conflicts of interest. Because the original article was published in a journal edited by Dr. Sigafoos, he was not involved in the editorial decision or review of this commentary.
Active immunotherapy with transiently transfected cytokine-secreting tumor cells inhibits breast cancer metastases in tumor-bearing animals

Background. Metastatic disease remains the most frequent cause of treatment failure in the management of patients with breast cancer. A novel method that allows delivery of a gene into primary tumor cells was used to generate tumor cell vaccines to inhibit metastasis formation in tumor-bearing hosts. Methods. Inoculation of 2.5×10 4 4T1 murine breast cancer cells into the footpads of BALB/c mice reliably leads to tumor growth and pulmonary metastases. Interleukin-2 (IL-2)-secreting 4 T1 cells (4T1-pMP6A/IL-2) and control transduced 4T1 cells (4T1-pMP6A) were generated by lipofection with a cationic liposome complexed to an adeno-associated viral plasmid bearing the IL-2 gene (pMP6A/IL-2). Unmodified 4T1 cells were inoculated into the footpads on day 0, and weekly immunization with phosphate-buffered saline solution or 2×10 6 irradiated 4T1, 4T1-pMP6A, or 4T1-pMP6A/IL-2 cells commenced on day 21. Hindlimb amputation was performed when tumors measured 6 mm in diameter. Mice were killed 24 days after amputation, and metastatic disease was determined by weighing lungs at time of harvest. Results. A significant reduction was seen in the pulmonary metastatic load of mice receiving IL-2 gene-modified tumor cell immunization (4T1-pMP6A/IL2) when compared with mice given control immunizations. Conclusions. These results suggest that active immunization strategies with cytokine gene-modified tumor cells generated by clinically relevant gene delivery systems may prove useful in inhibiting the development of metastases from primary breast cancer.
Deformation-induced planar defects in Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystals

Planar defects were observed in a hot isostatically pressed Al–Cu–Fe alloy. The defects were determined to be perpendicular to the fivefold direction. They were also found to be regions where the quasiperiodicity in the five-fold direction was disrupted, resulting in a periodicity along this direction of 1.06 nm. The defects were stable up to approximately 750 °C. The defects were determined to be formed by the applied shear forces associated with the consolidation process. The displacement vector of the defects was determined to be in a twofold direction perpendicular to the periodic direction.
A rapid fluorometric assay for the determination of serum phospholipase A2 activity

Abstract Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is an enzyme that cleaves fatty acids from the sn-2 position of membrane phospholipids. Intracellular PLA2 has been shown to be important for the generation of arachidonic acid, which leads to the synthesis of a wide range of eicosanoid paracrine hormones. Furthermore, secretory PLA2 in the serum has been reported to exhibit important immune activities. In this study, BODIPY™ FL C16 was used as a fluorescent probe to measure PLA2 activity in the serum of the American alligator. The activity measured was dependent on the amounts of serum and labeled bacteria incubated. The phospholipase activity was also time-dependent, with near peak activities observed within 20–30 min. In addition, the observed activity was titrated away by increasing concentrations of unlabeled bacteria, indicating that the activity observed was specifically due to the presence of PLA2. The assay provides rapid results and requires only small amounts of serum.
The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Mental Health Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans

BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing public health concern and is becoming an epidemic among veterans in the post-deployment period.
Stereospecific reduction of a potent kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor in human tissues.

Abstract Compound A, 1-{(3R,3aR)-3-[3-(4-acetylpiperazin-1-yl)propyl]-7-fluoro-3-phenyl-3a,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,4]benzoxazin-2-yl}ethanone, is a novel and potent inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin spindle protein. Metabolism studies with human hepatocytes showed that Compound A underwent significant ketone reduction to its biologically active metabolite M1. Here, we describe the studies that characterized the metabolic interconversion between Compound A and M1 in vitro in human tissues. LC–MS/MS analysis showed that the ketone reduction was stereospecific for M1 with no diastereomer of M1 detected in incubations with human hepatocytes. Interestingly, such stereospecific ketone reduction was not observed with Compound B, the enantiomer of Compound A. No reductive products were observed when Compound B was incubated with human hepatocytes. Studies with human liver subcellular fractions showed that Compound A was reduced to M1 primarily by human liver cytosol with little contribution from human liver microsomes and mitochondria. NADPH was the preferred cofactor for the reduction reaction. Reverse oxidation of M1 back to Compound A was also observed, preferentially in human liver cytosol with NADP+ as the cofactor. The interconversion between Compound A and M1 in human liver cytosol was inhibited significantly by flufenamic acid and phenolphthalein (potent inhibitors for aldo–keto reductase 1Cs, p
Effect of population density on agronomic performance and chemical yields in smooth sumac, Rhus glabra L.

Abstract Effects of population densities of 12 000, 18 000, and 36 000 plants ha−1 on dry matter and ‘polyphenols + oil’, yields of smooth sumac were studied at Beltsville, Maryland (USA); the experiment was seeded 17 May, 1982, and harvested on 15 June and 15 August in 1983 and in 1984. Yields were highest at a population of 36 000 plants ha−1 and results indicate that smooth sumac could produce 5·41 Mg ha−1 yr−1 dry matter and at least 0·56 Mg ha−1 yr−1 polyphenols + oil the second year of growth and 3·65 Mg ha−1 yr−1 dry matter and 0·72 Mg ha−1 yr−1 polyphenols + oil the third year of growth under this management system. There was a significant inverse relationship between leaf: stem ratio and total dry matter yield and leaf: stem ratio and total extract yield; total dry matter yield and total extract yield were directly related. Many of the original plants were lost under this management system leading to substantial yield reductions in August of 1984. Stand loss was partially compensated for by the production of new shoots from the root system.
Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina

A retrospective analysis of 88 patients with microscopically proven primary carcinoma of the vagina is presented. All patients were treated between 1957 and 1975 and have been followed for a minimum of 5 years. The technique of treatment, external, intracavitary and interstitial irradiation has been highly integrated and individualized. Several important features could be drawn from the current data: (1) The necessity for individualized radiation treatment to achieve the success, (2) the necessity to subdivide stage II into IIA and IIB is clearly shown by the 5-year survival data, (3) a relatively low complication rate from the use of high dose combined radiation modalities in higher stage is demonstrated.
Evidence, experience, and externalism

The Sellarsian dilemma is a famous argument that attempts to show that nondoxastic experiential states cannot confer justification on basic beliefs. The usual conclusion of the Sellarsian dilemma is a coherentist epistemology, and the usual response to the dilemma is to find it quite unconvincing. By distinguishing between two importantly different justification relations (evidential and nonevidential), I hope to show that the Sellarsian dilemma, or something like it, does offer a powerful argument against standard nondoxastic foundationalist theories. But this reconceived version of the argument does not support coherentism. Instead, I use it to argue for a strongly externalist epistemology.
An eels study of hydrogen-induced reconstruction on stepped W(001) surfaces

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the size of hydrogen-induced reconstruction domains may be limited by steps on the surface (ref.1,2). It has also been shown that for steps oriented parallel to [100], domains with a single displacement direction are preferentially selected (ref.3,4), although the preferred displacement direction has been unclear. Angle-resolved EELS data presented here are consistent with a preferred tungsten atom displacement which is perpendicular to the step edges and with promotion of a second adsorption state by the steps.
WE‐E‐211‐01: X‐Ray Phase Sensitive Imaging Methods

The basic principles of image formation and interpretation in x‐ray imaging, including x‐ray computed tomography(CT), have remained essentially unchanged since Roentgen first discovered x‐rays in 1895. As a result, absorption contrast is the sole contrast mechanism for x‐ray biomedical imaging, unlike some other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) where multiple contrast mechanisms are available for use in clinical practice. In recent years, tremendous progress has been made in exploring other contrast mechanisms in x‐ray imaging by studying their wave nature. These methods have been classified as x‐ray phase sensitive imaging methods. To enable practical medical applications, the research of x‐ray phase sensitive imaging methods must overcome the limitations of the requirement of highly temporally and spatially coherent x‐rays. Recently, using laboratory x‐ray tubes, several x‐ray wave imaging methods have been successfully developed, including in‐line holography, diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI), and differential phase contract computed tomography (DPC‐CT). The overall objective of this symposium is to present the AAPM community with an overview of x‐ray phase sensitive imaging methods including basic physics, basic implementation methods, pros and cons for each implementation method, and future research directions. The symposium consists of four lectures presented by invited speakers and a panel discussion with the audience at the end of the symposium. Dr. Guang‐Hong Chen will be presenting an overview of basic x‐ray wave physics and other research directions not covered by the other three invited speakers. Dr. Dean Connor will be presenting the basic principles and applications of diffraction enhanced imaging method (DEI). The most promising application is breast imaging, for which DEI has improved feature contrast relative to conventional mammography and could significantly reduce dose. Though DEI was first implemented only at synchrotron research facilities, Dr. Connor and his collaborators have developed an x‐ray tube‐based DEI system. He will discuss progress towards a clinical DEI mammography system. Dr. Hong Liu and Dr. Xizeng Wu will be presenting the basic principles, newly developed prototype systems and results of experimental investigations on x‐ray in‐line phase contrast; as well as quantitative phase retrieval imaging methods. Dr. Joseph Zambelli will be presenting basic principles and applications of differential phase contrastcomputed tomographyimaging. Fundamentals of system design, measurements of performance on an experimental system, and comparisons this new imaging technique with conventional absorption imaging will be presented. Technical details such as of the fabrication of the specialized x‐ray phase and absorption gratings and unique system requirements imposed by the technique will also be discussed.
Short-term Economic and Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation Myocardial Infarction and Stroke

Background Most analyses of the economic benefits of smoking cessation consider long-term effects, which are often not of interest to public and private policy makers. These analyses fail to account for the time course of the short-run cost savings from the rapid decline in risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke. Methods and Results We estimate the time course of the fall in risk of AMI and stroke after smoking cessation and simulate the impact of a 1% absolute reduction in smoking prevalence on the number of and short-term direct medical costs associated with the prevented AMIs and strokes. In the first year, there would be 924±679 (mean±SD) fewer hospitalizations for AMI and 538±508 for stroke, resulting in an immediate savings of $44±26 million. A 7-year program that reduced smoking prevalence by 1% per year would result in a total of 63 840±15 521 fewer hospitalizations for AMI and 34 261±9133 fewer for stroke, resulting in a total savings of $3.20±0.59 billion in costs, and would preven...
Enabling MALDI-FTICR-MS/MS for high-performance proteomics through combination of infrared and collisional activation

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a central tool for proteomic analysis, yet the singly protonated tryptic peptide ions produced by MALDI are significantly more difficult to dissociate for tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) than the corresponding multiply protonated ions. In order to overcome this limitation, current proteomic approaches using MALDI-MS/MS involve high-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). Unfortunately, the use of high-energy CID complicates product ion spectra with a significant proportion of irrelevant fragments while also reducing mass accuracy and mass resolution. In order to address the lack of a high-resolution, high mass accuracy MALDI-MS/MS platform for proteomics, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) and a recently developed MS/MS technique termed CIRCA (for combination of infrared and collisional activation) have been applied to proteomic analysis. Here, CIRCA is shown to be suitable for dissociat...
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and Blood Pressure Self-Measurement in the Diagnosis and Management of Hypertension

Objective: To review published evidence on the use of ambulatory and self-measurement devices in the diagnosis and management of hypertension. Data Sources: Computerized literature searches and man...
Forcing faces in plane bipartite graphs (II)

The concept of forcing faces of a plane bipartite graph was first introduced in Che and Chen (2008) [3] [Z. Che, Z. Chen, Forcing faces in plane bipartite graphs, Discrete Mathematics 308 (2008) 2427-2439], which is a natural generalization of the concept of forcing hexagons of a hexagonal system introduced in Che and Chen (2006) [2] [Z. Che and Z. Chen, Forcing hexagons in hexagonal systems, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 56 (2006) 649-668]. In this paper, we further extend this concept from finite faces to all faces (including the infinite face) as follows: A face s (finite or infinite) of a 2-connected plane bipartite graph G is called a forcing face if the subgraph G-V(s) obtained by removing all vertices of s together with their incident edges has exactly one perfect matching. For a plane elementary bipartite graph G with more than two vertices, we give three necessary and sufficient conditions for G to have all faces forcing. We also give a new necessary and sufficient condition for a finite face of G to be forcing in terms of bridges in the Z-transformation graph Z(G) of G. Moreover, for the graphs G whose faces are all forcing, we obtain a characterization of forcing edges in G by using the notion of handle, from which a simple counting formula for the number of forcing edges follows.
THE REMOVAL OF CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD BY DIALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF TETANY

We may devise a fluid containing practically all the inorganic diffusible constituents of the blood except calcium, and use it to dialyze normal blood in such a way as to remove from it a large part of its calcium. The dialyzed blood when perfused through an isolated extremity produces an extreme hyperexcitability of the nerves quite like that observed in tetany. Since perfusion with blood dialyzed in precisely the same way against a fluid of the same composition, but containing calcium in the proportion found in the normal blood, causes no hyperexcitability of the nerves, it is evident that the hyperexcitability is due to the lack of calcium. This effect can be attained in only a slight degree by replacing the blood of a whole animal with the dialyzed blood, since under the conditions of the experiment the tissues cannot be sufficiently depleted of their calcium. It seems probable that the parathyroid secretion is not removed by dialysis, but is returned to the body with the dialyzed blood. To bring this result into relation with the condition in tetany following parathyroidectomy, animals in tetany were bled and the blood was replaced in one case with normal blood, in the other with dialyzed blood poor in calcium. The normal blood immediately relieves the tetany and lowers the excitability, while the dialyzed blood does not. We therefore believe that this is a further proof that in the tetany of parathyroidectomy also the twitching and hyperexcitability of the nerves is due to lack of calcium in the blood and tissues.
Long noncoding RNA-mediated activation of androgen receptor in prostate cancer.

Remarkable progress has been made in molecular characterization of prostate cancer (PCa) with continued innovations in high throughput technologies evaluating human cancer. [1],[2],[3] Since the completion of the Human Genome Project it has been estimated that only about 1.5%-2% of our genome codes for proteins. Various genome-wide approaches, e.g. the ENCODE project, revealed that a much larger percent of the genome is transcribed as non-protein coding (nc) RNA, including long noncoding (lnc) RNA (over 200 bps long). Although the biological roles of lncRNA (the 'dark matter of the genome') are not nearly as well-understood as the protein coding mRNAs, it is increasingly clear that they play important roles in almost every aspects of biology, including cancer biology. [4],[5] This is exemplified by recent genome-wide association studies revealing that over 80% of cancer-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are in noncoding regions of the genome.
R68-31 The Effect of Digital Compensation for Computation Delay in a Hybrid Loop

This paper is addressed to people who utilize hybrid computation facilities for the simulation of control systems and other applications invoking the stability of a closed loop. It could also be useful to anybody, with or without an available hybrid facility, who is concerned with the problems introduced by discontinuities and fixed time delays in control and feedback systems.
Team sports for the severely retarded: training a side-of-the-foot soccer pass using a maximum-to-minimum prompt reduction strategy

A program to teach three severely retarded adults to use a side-of-the-foot soccer pass was evaluated. A 9-step stimulus-response chain was taught using forward chaining. In contrast to usual practice, intensive physical prompts were provided initially to teach each response component, then systematically faded. Approximately 20 lessons (trials) were presented in 20-min sessions. A multiple baseline across subjects design showed that the three trainees achieved the no-prompt criterion after 24, 29, and 22 sessions, respectively. Subanalyses indicated that successive response components were learned only after training was implemented. Follow-up data were obtained 57 and 276 days later in the training room and in a gymnasium; in both settings, criterion was achieved with fewer than three reinstructions.
GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR MAINTAINS FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION OF CD11b ON CORD BLOOD AND ADULT NEUTROPHILS. † 1718

Granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (GM-CSF) promotes neutrophil(PMN) production and function, and delays the onset of apoptosis in adult PMNs. We have shown that up-regulation of CD11b, an inflammatory adhesion molecule, is diminished in cord blood PMNs following brief stimulation with GM-CSF. To test the hypothesis that differential up-regulation of CD11b might persist with prolonged exposure to GM-CSF, we incubated PMNs from healthy adult donors (n=8) and term cord blood (n=4) in media with GM-CSF. Following incubation (37° C, for 0, 4, 8 h), PMNs were stained with monoclonal anti-CD11b or control IgG, and analyzed by flow cytometry. Surface expression of CD11b (mean channel fluorescence) was similar on freshly-isolated adult and cord blood samples (adult, 436 ± 42; cord blood, 362 ± 48; X± SEM). Chemotactic (10 nM fMLP) up-regulation of CD11b on cultured PMNs was similar between groups at all time points. Data below are shown as PMN surface CD11b levels (percentage of unstimulated values):Table We conclude that prolonged exposure to GM-CSFin vitro preserves CD11b expression on both cord blood and adult PMNs. This study provides further data that therapeutic administration of GM-CSF may promote PMN adhesive function.